the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Schemas are ways of making sense of experience.
A schema is a picture of something in a child’s mind.
The picture is normally of how different things happen in the world.
The picture helps the child understand and behave in the world.
An example of a schema would be a child’s schema for being in a classroom.
The child’s picture would have things like students sitting in chairs at desks.
A teacher is in the front of the class teaching.
This schema helps the child know how to act and know what might happen in the classroom.
Piaget thought that the first schemas have to do with the child’s reaction to the world.
Piaget thought that babies are born with some schemas without learning them.
These schemas are sensorimotor actions.
The schemas are very simple.
Schemas get more complex as the child gets older.
The child starts to think before acting.
When the child does this, it uses mental representations, or pictures in the mind that are representative of different things.
The mental representations can be changed in the mind into new ideas.
Piaget thought that the two most powerful mental representations are images and concepts.
Images are pictures in the mind of objects, people and spaces.
Concepts put the images together in different groups.
Schemas can be changed and made from putting together and changing images and concepts in the child’s mind.
Piaget thought that a child’s mind changes to better fit with the world through adaption.
Children use adaptation by changing  schemas to fit the world.
Piaget thought that adaptation has two parts: assimilation and accommodation.
In assimilation children use the schemes they have to understand the world.
Children’s schemes do not always right.
When a child has a schema that is not right, they have to change it.
This is called accommodation.
In accommodation new schemes are made or old ones are changed.
The changes must take place so the child can better understand the world.
Piaget thought there is a balance between assimilation and accommodation.
He called the balance cognitive equilibrium.
When a child’s schemes fit their understanding of the world then the child is in equilibrium.
When the schemes do not fit the child is in disequilibrium.
Piaget called the moving between equilibrium and disequilibrium equilibration.
Piaget broke his stages of cognitive development of children into four stages.
The stages always go in the same order.
The stages also happen to children everywhere.
At each stage there are key details that happen in that stage.
Sensorimotor Stage
The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of Piaget’s theory.
In this stage, babies “think” with their eyes, ear, and hands.
Children in this stage learn about the world through their senses.
Piaget thought that children in this stage learn by doing the same acts over and over.
These acts come from their sense experience.
Piaget called this circular reaction.
There are two main kinds of circular reaction: primary and secondary.
One month olds use primary circular reaction.
In primary circular reaction children do acts that have to do with their basic needs, like eating.
Four to eight month olds use secondary circular reaction.
Secondary circular reaction happens when children try to make events happen with their acts.
Secondary circular reaction in children helps to control their own behavior.
Eight to twelve month olds can control their behavior.
In the sensorimotor stage, children gain object permanence.
This happens between 8 and 12 months.
Object permanence is knowing that a thing is still in existence even if the child cannot see it.
Object permanence is seen in children eight to twelve months old.
Object permanence can be seen in Piaget’s object hiding task.
In the task a toy is hidden under a blanket.
If the baby can find the toy than the baby has learned object permanence.
Preoperational StageThe preoperational stage has a large change in representative thought in the mind.
In this stage children can use symbols to represent their knowledge.
Children also learn language in the preoperational stage.
Piaget did not think language was that important for cognitive development.
He thought that children use words to explain the pictures of experience in their mind.
In the preoperational stage, children have egocentricism.
Egocentricism is when children cannot tell the difference between their view point and someone else’s.
Piaget used the three mountains problem to show egocentricism.
In the problem a doll is placed on one side of a group of mountains.
A child is placed on a different side.
The child is asked to tell what the doll sees.
A child who has egocentricism tells what he or she sees and not what the doll sees.
Concrete Operational Stage
In the concrete operational stage children’s thought becomes more logical.
Logical thought uses reason when thinking.
Children are able to understand changes between things that are in front of them.
They still have a hard time with things that they have to imagine.
Children in the concrete operational stage can place items in different arrangements.
They understand that things can be placed into more than one group at a time.
Children in the concrete operational stage can also put things in order of qualities like length and weight.
The understanding of conservation happens in the concrete operational stage.
Children who understand conservation know that changing a things shape or container does not change how much is there.
For example, in conservation of liquid children know that the amount of liquid does not change if it is put in a different glass.
Formal Operational Stage
In the formal operational stage, children are able to think about abstract ideas.
The abstract ideas are ones that are within the child’s mind and not in front of them in the world.
In this stage, children can come up with rules about how things can happen without needing concrete items.
Piaget believed that there were two main parts of the formal operational stage: hypothetico-deductive reasoning and propositional thought.
In hyothetico-deductive reasoning children are able to guess the outcome of a problem.
They are able to do this by making guesses that can be tested in an experiment.
By testing the guesses they learn if their guess was right and if not why it was not.
In propositional thought children are able to understand if spoken statements are true.
They are able to do so without needing to see an example of those statements.
Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky built his theory of child development on the importance of three things.
Vygotsky thought that children’s development was formed from mainly social and cultural interactions.
Interactions occur when two or more people talk and/or work together.
Vygotsky thought that culture has a big affect on how cognitive growth develops.
Vygotsky also focused on language.
He felt language was very important for changing how a child thinks.
Vygotsky thought that child development during the first two years have to do with direct connection with the world.
After the two years language changes the way a child thinks.
Language is important because it is how adults pass on ideas to children.
Vygotsky felt that growth of language leads to a huge change in how children think because they can communicate ideas with others.
Children talk to both others and themselves.
Vygotsky thought that children talking to themselves was very important for development.
He thought that children talk to themselves to help guide their thoughts.
He called talk directed at the self, private speech.
Private speech is used when a job is hard, after an error is made, or when the child is unsure of what to do.
Children that use private speech are more attentive and involved in the job they are doing.
Also children who have trouble learning use private speech more.
This is to help them understand what they are learning.
Social and Cultural Interactions
Vygotsky thought that important learning comes from working with adults or more skilled peers.
These helpers can help the child to find out how to do different jobs.
Vygotsky thought that there is a  range of difficulty that a job needs to be in.
If the job is in the range than a child can learn best.
Vygotsky called this range the zone of proximal development.
The zone of proximal development has jobs that are to hard to do alone but are able to be done with help.
The help would come from a helper.
When the helper works with the child social interactions occur.
Vygotsky thought that there are two important parts of social interaction: intersubjectivity and scaffolding.
Intersubjectivity happens when two people start with different understandings.
The two people interact with each other.
By interacting, the two people get to the same understanding.
Scaffolding happens when a teacher is helping a child.
The teacher will change how much they help based on the child’s work level.
The teacher will help more if the child needs it.
The teacher will also help less if the child does not need help.
Over time, the teacher lets the child work alone.
When the child works alone he or she puts the conversation into his or her private speech.
The private speech is then used to help the child do the problem.
Priscilla Lane (June 12, 1915 - April 4, 1995) was an American actress.
She played a heroine in The Roaring Twenties (1939).
She played a bride in the movie Arsenic and Old Lace.
The Emotions is an all female American R&B group who are well known for their hit single "Best of My Love".
This group is from Chicago.
It was formed around 1968.
It was very popular in the 1970s.
Its music has been sampled by several musicians and recording artists.
Cheryl Lynn (11 March 1957) is an American R&B, disco and pop singer who was most popular in the late 1970s to early 1980s.
She is famous for her popular single "Got to be Real".
Cheryl Lynn was born in Los Angeles.
The Z3 was an electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse.
It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer.
The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz.
Program code and data were stored on punched film.
The Z3 was completed in Berlin in 1941.
The German Aircraft Research Institute used it to perform statistical analyses of wing flutter.
Zuse asked the German government for funding to replace the relays with fully electronic switches, but funding was denied during World War II since such development was deemed "not war-important".
The original Z3 was destroyed in 1943 during an Allied bombardment of Berlin.
A fully functioning replica was built in the 1960s by Zuse's company, Zuse KG, and is on permanent display in the Deutsches Museum.
The Z3 was Turing-complete.
Because of this machine and its predecessors, Konrad Zuse is often regarded as the inventor of the computer.
Barnum's American Museum was a museum in New York City at Broadway and Ann Street.
It was a collection of natural history curios originally stored in City Hall at the end of the 18th century.
John Scudder acquired the collection and opened the museum about 1800.
P. T. Barnum bought the museum about 1830 and replaced the tired displays with more exciting live fare such as General Tom Thumb, Commodore Nutt, and the "Siamese Twins", Chang and Eng.
In 1865, the building was destroyed in a fire.
Barnum rebuilt at another location, but that building burned to the ground in 1868.
The museum never reopened.
Amniocentesis is the name of a medical test that is often performed when screening babies.
The test consist of taking a little Amniotic fluid, and testing this fluid.
This fluid contains tissue of the embryo or fetus, and allows to determine the sex.
It also allows to find certain birth defects.
Karyn Parsons (born October 8, 1966) is an American actress.
She performs in television and movies.
She was in Class Act in 1992.
She also had the role of Hilary Banks in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.
Parsons was born in Los Angeles.
Keds is an American brand of canvas shoe.
It has rubber soles.
It was established around 1916.
The shoes became very popular from the 1960s to the 1980s.
They waned in popularity in the 1990s.
They became very popular again in the 2000s and 2010s.
Keds usually manufactures sneakers.
The shoes were worn by participants of Kids Incorporated and on other television shows.
The Schlieffen Plan was a strategic plan made by Count Alfred von Schlieffen, who worked for the German navy.
It was made for the army of the German Empire in 1905.
It was designed for a war between France on one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Italy on the other.
Germany and their allies would invade France through Belgium, instead of directly attacking.
With help from allies, Germany would have just enough men to beat France in a few months.
When Schlieffen retired in 1906, and the WW1 came up 9 years later, in August 1915, the German officers and tactic leaders dug up the plan that Schlieffen had made and thought that the plan would work like it would in Schlieffen's hypothetical war.
However, the plan didn't work, because the plan was outdated and things had changed a lot within the decade.
Even though he did not have enough men to beat France, Moltke still attacked France through Belgium.
He did this because he thought attacking was always better than defending.
Moltke was sure that the Russo-Japanese War proved this because Japan always attacked, and Japan won.
Schlieffen believed that defending was usually better than attacking.
Schlieffen said that a defender's men can ride trains to a place faster than an attacker's men can walk there.
This meant that the defender would always have enough men to stop the attacker.
Schlieffen also said that trenches, machine guns, and barbed wire would help the defender a lot.
Schlieffen was right.
In WWI, defense was always better until attackers used lots of artillery to help their infantry.
A similar idea to the Schlieffen Plan was used by Hitler's generals Erich von Manstein and Heinz Guderian in World War II.
In that war, Germany invaded France by attacking Belgium and The Netherlands.
Because in the Schlieffen Plan Germany attacked mostly through northern Belgium, France thought Germany would do this again.
France put most of her soldiers in north Belgium.
But Germany invaded mostly through South Belgium.
German troops marched to the sea and trapped half of the French Army in northern Belgium.
Because the trapped French troops were starving and could not get any more food, they surrendered.
France tried to continue fighting but was too weak to resist and surrendered.
Melissa Sue Anderson (born September 26, 1962) is an American actress.
She performs in television series and movies.
In Little House on the Prairie, she played Mary Ingalls.
In the cult classic horror movie Happy Birthday to Me, she played Ginny.
Anderson was born in Berkeley, California.
Mika Sue Boorem (born August 18, 1987) is an American actress.
She acts in both movies and television.
She was in Carolina (2003) and Blue Crush in 2002.
Danielle Brisebois (born June 28, 1969) is an American record producer, singer and actress who acted mostly in sitcoms.
She played Stephanie Mills in both All in the Family and Archie Bunker's Place.
She also collaborated on certain hit singles performed by Natasha Bedingfield.
Dolores Costello (September 17, 1903 – March 1, 1979) was an American actress.
She worked during the silent movie era.
She was in movies such as The Telephone and A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Charles "Charlie" Kunz (August 18, 1896 – March 16, 1958) was a British musician, who became well-known and liked during the British dance band era.
He played in nightclubs where people would come to ballroom dance.
He had a rhythmic, relaxed style and played popular music with his own way of expressing feeling and moods.
Kunz was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1896.
His father was a master baker who also played the French horn.
Young Charlie began to play in front of an audience as an amateur when he was only six years old.
When he was seven, he had become good enough to play as a professional pianist.
He came to England in 1922 with a small dance band that was led by the drummer, Ed Krick.
Kunz liked London so well that he did not want to leave, so that band returned without him to Pennsylvania.
In England, he soon became such a popular pianist that he gave up his own orchestra to just work at his piano playing.
He played at ballroom and nightclub venues and also on the BBC radio.
Two of Britain's most famous female vocalists were with his band in the 1930s; Vera Lynn  and Welsh songstress Dorothy Squires.
His best known singer was George Barclay, who was known as a crooner, a popular singing style at that time.
His first time playing as a soloist came in 1934 at the Holborn Empire.
In that same year, he began to record the first of many solo records of "Charlie Kunz Medleys".
His most famous song was Clap Hands, Here Comes Charlie.
Each time he performed, his closing theme was Pink Elephants.
He had one child with his first wife, Amanda Dysher.
She later died.
In 1923, he married again Eva Dorothy "Nin" Lloyd, who was a fashion model.
They were married until 1939.
His third wife was Pat Sparkes, whom he married in 1942.
They were still married when he died.
He kept living in England until his death from a heart attack in 1958.
He is buried in Streatham Vale Cemetery.
Charlie Kunz Discography
Charlie Kunz Biography - AllMusic
| name = To Hell With the Devil
| artist = Stryper
| released = October 24, 1986
| genre = Christian metal, glam metal, heavy metal
| length = 41:10
| label = Enigma Records
| producer = Stephan Galfas, Stryper
| prev_title = Soldiers Under Command(1985)
| next_title = In God We Trust(1988)
}}To Hell With The Devil' is the third album by the Christian glam metal band Stryper.
The album was listed in the book The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music by CCM Magazine.
The album was nominated for Best Gospel Performance - Duo, Group, Choir Or Chorus at the Grammy Awards but lost to Mylon and Broken Heart's Crack the Sky''.
Erin Moran (October 18, 1960 – April 22, 2017) was an American actress She worked mostly in television.
She played Joanie Cunningham in the sitcom Happy Days.
Moran was born in Burbank, California.
Margaret O'Brien (born January 15, 1937) is an American movie, stage and television actress who began acting as a child.
She became famous through the movie Journey for Margaret (1942).
She also played a French girl in the movie version of Jane Eyre in 1944.
O'Brien was born in San Diego, California.
Mackenzie Phillips (November 10, 1959) is an American actress and musician who began acting when still a child.
She starred as Carol Morrison in American Graffiti and Julie in the sitcom One Day at a Time.
Phillips was born in Alexandria, Virginia, though raised in California.
Laurentia is a large continental craton.
It forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent.
Originally, it included the core of Greenland and the northwestern part of Scotland, known as the Hebridean Terrane.
Laurentia is also called the North American Craton.
It is a modern geological feature, and it is also a very ancient geological core made of igneous rock.
It is nearly four billion years old.
At times in the past, Laurentia has been part of larger continents and supercontinents.
It is an assembly of smaller tectonic plates which merged early in the Archaean era.
As the plates moved together, a huge range of mountains formed.
Much later, in the Proterozoic era, small plates and oceanic islands collided with and fused with the ever-growing Laurentia.
Together they made the huge, stable craton we see today as the north and center of North America and the west of Greenland.
Over a billion years ago, the Grenville Orogeny in the Canadian Shield made jagged peaks, higher than any of today's mountains.
Millions of years of erosion have changed these mountains to rolling hills.
Rocks as seen today
The cratonic rocks are metamorphic and igneous, while the overlying sedimentary rocks are composed mostly of limestones, sandstones, and shales.
These sedimentary rocks were deposited from 650 to 290 million years ago.
In eastern and central Canada, much of the stable craton is exposed at the surface.
The southwestern portion of Laurentia consists of Precambrian basement rocks deformed by continental collisions (violet area of the image above).
This area has been subjected to considerable rifting as the Basin and Range Province and has been stretched up to 100% of its original width.
The area has a history of major volcanic eruptions.
Scarlett Pomers (born November 28, 1988) is an American former child actress.
She is also a singer and songwriter.
She played Shanna Jensen in the movie Erin Brockovich and Naomi Wildman in Star Trek: Voyager.
She also played Kyra in the sitcom Reba.
While acting for the show Reba, Pomers had an eating disorder.
Kimberly "Kim" Richards (born on September 19, 1964) is an American actress.
She acts mostly on television programs.
She played Prudence Everett in Nanny and the Professor.
She played Olga in the series Little House on the Prairie.
Richards was born in Mineola, New York.
The Help is a 2011 American drama movie based on Kathryn Stockett's novel and directed by Tate Taylor.
It stars Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Bryce Dallas Howard and Jessica Chastain.
The young Skeeter (Emma Stone) returns to her hometown.
She has finished her study at the University of Mississippi and now she wants to be a novelist.
She begins to interview African-American women who are housemaids working for white people.
She writes a book about the lives of the housemaids.
First of all, the housemaids are against an interview.
However, after an incident, many housemaids tell about their lives.
Each shift begins with a whisper, but the voices get louder and many people have many things to tell.
The Help won an Oscar and a Golden Globe for Octavia Spencer in the category best actress in a supporting role.
Viola Davis was nominated for an Oscar in the category best actress in a leading role.
Movies directed by Tate Taylor
The House of Fieschi were a noble merchant family from Genoa, Italy.
The family was very influential in papal politics in medieval Italy.
They had a close relationship with the Angevin kings of Sicily.
The Fieschi family produced two popes and 72 cardinals.
Pope Innocent IV (c. 1195–1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi,
Pope Adrian V (c. 1210–1276), born Ottobuono Fieschi,
Niccolò Fieschi
Saint Catherine (1447–1510)
Giovanni Luigi Fieschi (1522–1547)
Giuseppe Fieschi (1790–1836)
Mvezo is a small village in Umtata (now Mthatha).
It is by the Mbashe River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.
The village is known as being the birthplace of former South African president Nelson Mandela.
Mandela was born in Mvezo on July 18, 1918.
Mthatha (formerly Umtata), is the main town in Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
The town has an airport, last known by the name K. D. Matanzima Airport.
after former leader Kaiser Matanzima.
Former South African president Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo (a village in Mthatha).
On 2 March 2004 Umtata was officially renamed to its current name Mthatha.
Walter Sisulu, Bantu Holomisa, Yamkela Mhlana and Buyisiwe Yonela Mhlana , as well as Ndima Mhlana were also born in Mthatha.
Mthatha town website
The Ecological Health of the Mthatha River
Invictus is a 2009 biographical sports drama movie.
It was directed by Clint Eastwood and stars Morgan Freeman and Matt Damon.
Movie critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3½ stars out of 4.
The movie was about South African president Nelson Mandela during the 1995 Rugby World Cup.
It was released on December 11, 2009.
Freeman and Damon both received Academy Award nominations for their role in the movie.
The House of Tusculum were a powerful noble family of Latium, Italy.
They were the Counts of Tusculum between the 10th and 12th centuries.
Several popes and an antipope during the 11th century came from their family.
The counts of Tusculum were influential figures in Roman politics and religion for more than a century.
This list is partially incomplete in the 10th century.
The chronology and dates are often uncertain.
They were only counts from about 1013.
Before this, they were lords.
before 924 Theophylact I
until 924 Alberic I, consul son-in-law
924 – 954 Alberic II, son
before 1013 Gregory I, son (Excellentissimus vir – Praefectus navalis)
until 1012 Theophylact II, son of Gregory I
1012 – 1024 Romanus, (Consul et dux, senator) brother of Theophylact II and son of Gregory I
1032 – 1045 Alberic III, (Imperialis palatii magister Consul et dux – Comes sacri palatii Lateranensis) brother of Theophylact II and Romanus;
1024 – 1032 Theophylact III son of Alberic III
1044 – 1058 Gregory II, (Consul, nobilis vir, senator Comes Tusculanensis), son of Alberic III
1058 – ca 1108 Gregory III,  (Comes Tusculanensis Consul, illustris) son of Gregory II
ca 1108 – 1126 Ptolemy I (Tolomeo I), (Consul, comes Tusculanus) son Gregory III;
1126 – 1153 Ptolemy II (Tolomeo II), (Illustrissimus, dominus Consul et dux) son of Ptolemy I;
1153 – ca 1167 Jonathan, (Comes de Tusculano) co-ruler with Raino  son of Ptolemy II;
1153 – 1179 Raino, (Nobilis vir,  dominus) brother of Jonathan, co-ruler with Jonathan.
John XI (931-935), son of Alberic I
John XII (955-964), son of Alberic II
Benedict VII (974-983), nephew of Alberic II
Benedict VIII (1012-1024), son of Gregory I
John XIX (1024-1032), son of Gregory I
Benedict IX (1032-1048), son of Alberic III
Antipope Benedict X (1058-1059), son of Alberic III
Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164), born Octavius
People from Lazio
The Nelson Mandela Park is a public park in Leicester, England.
It is located just inside the city centre near Leicester Prison and the Leicester Tigers' Stadium.
The park was named in honor of South African president Nelson Mandela.
The Borgia family (also Borja, Borjia or Borges) were a noble family during the Renaissance in Italy.
They were from Valencia, the name coming from the family fief of Borja, then in the kingdom of Aragon, in Spain.
The Borgias became influential in religion and politics in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Two popes came from this family during this time: Alfons de Borja who ruled as Pope Callixtus III during 1455–1458 and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia, as Pope Alexander VI, during 1492–1503.
During the reign of Alexander VI, the Borgias were suspected of many crimes, including adultery, simony, theft, rape, bribery, incest, and murder.
They became enemies of the Medici, the Sforza, and the Dominican friar Savonarola, among others.
Today they are remembered for their corrupt rule.
The name has become a synonym for libertinism, nepotism and treachery.
Pope Callixtus III (1455-1458), born Alfonso de Borja
Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503), born Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia
Pope Innocent X (1644-1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphili, the great-great-great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI
The Della Rovere family (; literally "of the oak tree") was a noble family of Urbino in central Italy.
They originally came from Savona, Liguria.
The family rose to nobility through nepotism and ambitious marriages.
These marriages were arranged by two Della Rovere popes, Francesco della Rovere (Pope Sixtus IV, 1471–1484) and his nephew Giuliano (Pope Julius II, 1503–1513).
Pope Sixtus IV is known for having built the Sistine Chapel, which is named for him.
The Basilica San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome is the family church of the della Rovere.
Vittoria della Rovere was a member of the family and was one of the last Grand Duchesses of Tuscany.
Dukes of Urbino
Francesco Maria I della Rovere (1490–1538)
Guidobaldo II della Rovere (1514–1574)
Francesco Maria II della Rovere (1549–1631)
Federico Ubaldo della Rovere (1605–1623)
The House of Orsini is an Italian noble family.
It was one of the most influential princely families in Italy during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Three popes belonged to the Orsini family: Celestine III (1191–1198, born Gicinto Bobone), Nicholas III (1277–1280, born Giovanni Gaetani Orsini), and Benedict XIII (1724–1730, born Pietro Francesco Orsini).
The Orsini family also produced 34 Cardinals of the Roman Church and many other important political and religious people.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Orsini
Encyclopedia Americana: Orsini
Orsini
The Conti di Segni (de Comitibus Signie, also known as Conti or De Comitibus for short) were an important noble family of medieval and early modern Italy.
They came from Segni, Lazio.
Many members of the family served as military commanders or religious leaders, including many cardinals and four popes.
The family began with Trasimondo, the father of Lotario Conti, who became Pope Innocent III in 1198.
He ruled until 1216.
The second Conti pope was Ugolino (1227-1241), as Gregory IX.
The third pope to come from the Conti family was Rinaldo, as Alexander IV (r. 1254-1261).
Later, in the early modern period, Michelangelo Conti reigned as Pope Innocent XIII from 1721 to 1724.
Torquato Conti (1591–1636) served as a General-Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
His cruelty earned him the nickname The Devil.
The family eventually became divided into many branches.
The two main branches were the counts of Segni and Valmontone, and the dukes of Poli and Guadagnolo.
Snickers is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated.
It is nougat topped with caramel and peanuts, coated in milk chocolate.
It was introduced in 1930.
It has had sales of over $2 Billion around the world.
Baby Daddy is an ABC Family situation comedy.
It stars Jean-Luc Bilodeau (as Ben Wheeler), Tahj Mowry (as Tucker Dobbs), Derek Theler (as Danny Wheeler), Chelsea Kane (as Riley Perrin) and Melissa Peterman (as Bonnie Wheeler).
The show was green-lighted on February 2, 2012.
It began production on March 28, 2012.
It began airing on ABC Family on June 20, 2012.
On August 17, 2012, the show was renewed for a second season.
It started on May 29, 2013.
On March 22, 2013, ABC Family announced that the show will continue on for its third season.
Baby Daddy was renewed for a fourth season on March 17, 2014.
It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat".
The show follows Ben Wheeler, a single bartender in his twenties who lives in New York City.
A one-night-stand, whom he had forgotten about, leaves her 3-month-old baby on his doorstep.
He later finds out that the baby is his daughter, Emma.
Ben raises Emma with the help of his brother, Danny, his two close friends, Riley and Tucker, and his mother, Bonnie.
Benjamin "Ben" Bon Jovi Wheeler (Jean-Luc Bilodeau): the lead character of the series.
He doesn't know what he wants to do with his life and is actual age has not been mentioned.
He learns a lesson that he has to believe in himself if he's going to raise his daughter.
Tucker Dobbs (Tahj Mowry): Ben's best friend and roommate.
He marked his food as soon as he heard about Danny moving in.
Tucker is friendly towards everybody so long as they don't eat all of his food.
He and Bonnie are the only ones that know Danny is in love with Riley.
In earlier episodes he had a girlfriend named Vanessa who appeared to be a running gag due to her never being on camera.
Daniel "Danny" J. Wheeler (Derek Theler): Ben's older brother, who is a professional hockey player.
He was traded to the Rangers.
He caused Tucker to mark all his food in the kitchen because he "looked" like an eater.
His little brother looks up to him, because he has everything a man would want.
He's the only person that knows that Riley loves Ben and she usually hurts him for it because she wants him not to tell.
In turn he loves Riley, but she does not know how he feels and he feels awkward because she often shares her feelings for Ben with him.
Bonnie Wheeler (Melissa Peterman): Ben and Danny's mother.
She wanted to be a model but never "recovered" after having Danny.
She thinks that Ben is not ready to take care of a child because she still "buys his pants."
She and Tucker are the only ones that know Danny is in love with Riley.
Riley Perrin (Chelsea Kane): Ben's close female friend.
It has been said that she has lost 200 pounds.
She is in love with Ben but Danny is the only person who knows about it.
She is highly intelligent, as she passed her LSATs and entered law school.
She has liked Ben ever since they were little.
Emma Wheeler (Ali and Suzy Hartman in Season 1; Mila and Zoey Beske since Season 2): Ben's daughter, who was left on his doorstep.
Ali and Susanne Hartman as Emma Wheeler (season one)
Zoey and Mila Beske as Emma Wheeler (season two)
Jase Whitaker as Bartender
Rachna Khatau as Sondra
Ana Nogueira as Chloe
Briana Lane as Cassie
David Cade as Jack Parker
Cali Fredrichs as Zoe
David S. Lee as Henderson
Tuc Watkins as Hank
Ashley Argota as Ava
Amber Stevens as Izzy
Greg Grunberg as Ray
Melissa Tang as Katie
Lucy Hale as Piper
Specific phobias are a generic form of anxiety condition which consists of unreasonable or irrational fears of exposure to specific objects or certain situations.
Affected people tend to avoid direct contact with such objects or situations, sometimes even the mentions of them.
Exposure may result in panic attacks or severe anxiety.
The usual onset age is childhood or adolescence, although the condition can start for young adults.
Females are almost twice as likely to suffer from specific phobias as males.
Examples for specific phobia include fears of thunderstorms and certain animals, particularly spiders or snakes.
This is a list of episodes of the television series Baby Daddy.
Season 1 (2012)
Season 2 (2013)
On August 17, 2012, Baby Daddy was renewed for a second season, it premiered on May 29, 2013.
Matt Dallas, who previously worked with Jean-Luc Bilodeau on the ABC Family series Kyle XY, appeared in a recurring role as Fitch Douglas, a love interest for Riley.
Both Lacey Chabert and Grace Phipps also had recurring roles this season.
Wayne Brady guest starred in the episode "There's Something Fitchy Going On".
Season 3 (2014)
On March 22, 2013, two months before the second season premiered, ABC Family renewed Baby Daddy for a third season.
It premiered on January 15, 2014.
Bruce Thomas, who previously worked with Jean-Luc Bilodeau on Kyle XY, guest starred in the episode "The Bet".
Bilodeau's other Kyle XY co-star Matt Dallas reprised his role as Fitch in the episode "Lights!
No Action!",
Mary Hart also guest starred as herself in that episode.
Other guest stars this season included Lucy Hale, David DeLuise, Phil Morris, Mark DeCarlo, Kelsey Chow and Dot Jones.
Season 4 (2014–15)
On March 17, 2014, Baby Daddy was renewed for the fourth season.
The second Christmas episode of the series entitled "It's a Wonderful Emma" premiered on December 10, 2014.
Aisha Dee guest starred as Olivia, Tucker's ex-wife.
Christa B. Allen will appear in a recurring role as Robyn, a corporate lawyer working at Riley's law firm, who later begins dating Danny.
Eddie Cibrian will appear in a multi-episode arc as Ross, a guy that Riley falls for, later discovering that he is her boss.
Jackée Harry will guest star as Judge Johnson, a no nonsense judge, with a weakness for children.
The episode will reunite Harry with Tahj Mowry, Mowry made numerous guest appearances on Harry's 1990s sitcom Sister, Sister.
List of Baby Daddy episodes  at TV.com
Kathleen Wilhoite (born June 29, 1964) is an American movie and television actress.
She has been in lots of movies and television programs.
She played Liz Danes in the TV drama Gilmore Girls.
She also played Chloe in the medical drama ER.
3 Musketeers is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated.
It has whipped chocolate covered with milk chocolate.
It was introduced in 1932.
At first, it had chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla.
The strawberry and vanilla were removed due to higher costs and World War II.
3 Musketeers is the fifth best selling chocolate bar in the United States.
Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host, and producer.
He is best known for being the host of the FOX television show American Idol.
He also hosts the morning radio show On Air with Ryan Seacrest on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles, California as well as the syndicated radio show American Top 40.
Seacrest started hosting American Idol in 2002.
In the show's first season, he hosted the show with comedian Brian Dunkleman.
Dunkleman left the show after the first season, leaving Seacrest as the show's only host.
American Idol went on to be a very successful show, making Seacrest a well-known television personality.
American Idol is seen by 26 million people weekly.
On December 31, 2005, Seacrest became the executive producer and co-host of ABC's Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve.
In 2009, the show was renamed Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest.
He co-hosted the show with Dick Clark until Clark's death in 2012.
For the 2013 show, he hosted the show with Jenny McCarthy and Fergie.
He has won Emmy Awards for hosting American Idol.
He also won an Emmy Award for producing the ABC show Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution.
Sir William Randal Cremer was an English Member of Parliament.
Cremer was born 18 March 1828.
Cremer won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903.
It was mostly for his work on the 1897 Anglo-American arbitration treaty.
He was knighted in 1907.
The Institut de Droit International is an organization that formed on 8 September 1873.
It was made to study and develop  international law.
In 1904 the Institute received the Nobel Peace Prize.
The institute was founded by Gustave Moynier and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns.
They and nine other lawyers formed the IDI in Belgium.
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta was an Italian journalist and soldier.
He later became a pacifist and won the 1907 Nobel Peace Prize.
Moneto was born in Milan on September 20, 1833.
He died February 10, 1918.
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious neurological illness.
It is a type of dyskinesia - a disorder that causes movements that happen over and over again, which a person cannot control.
"Tardive" means these movements do not start right away, or they start slowly.
Tardive dyskinesia is usually caused by taking antipsychotic medicines in high doses, or for a long time.
This happens more often with older antipsychotic medicines.
Usually, tardive dyskinesia happens when these medicines are taken for many months or years.
But some people get tardive dyskinesia after taking these medicines for only 6 weeks.
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Trifluoperazine
Other medicines that are similar to these antipsychotics can also cause tardive dyskinesia.
These medicines are used to treat gastrointestinal problems, like nausea, vomiting, and delayed gastric emptying (when the stomach does not empty as quickly as normal).
If they are taken for a long time, they can cause tardive dyskinesia:
Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Who gets tardive dyskinesia?
Nobody knows why some people get tardive dyskinesia after taking antipsychotic medicines while others do not.
But there are certain groups of people who are more likely to get tardive dyskinesia.
The longer a person has been on antipsychotic medicines, the more likely they are to get TD.
Most people who get tardive dyskinesia are people who have schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, and have been on antipsychotic medicines for a long time.
But some other people can get tardive dyskinesia too.
Some people have a very high risk of getting tardive dyskinesia.
They can get TD even after taking an antipsychotic medicine just once.
People that have this very high risk include:
People with fetal alcohol syndrome
People with other developmental disabilities
People with brain diseases or injuries
The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are movements of the face, lips, tongue, torso, arms, and legs.
The person with tardive dyskinesia cannot stop or control these movements.
For example, people with tardive dyskinesia often cannot stop themselves from:
Smacking their lips
Pushing their tongue out
Swinging their jaw
Moving their mouth like they are chewing or sucking
Moving their fingers, arms, or legs
Often, people with tardive dyskinesia also have akathisia.
This is a constant urge to move, or always being restless.
Using the lowest possible dose of antipsychotic medicine
Using antipsychotic medicine for the shortest possible time
Using newer (atypical) antipsychotic medicines instead of older antipsychotics which are more likely to cause TD
Checking for symptoms of TD at every appointment with the patient
Diagnosing tardive dyskinesia early is very important.
Sometimes, if the drug that is causing TD is stopped early enough, the tardive dyskinesia will go away.
This is more likely to happen if the TD is diagnosed soon after its symptoms start.
If a person with TD still needs antipsychotic medicines, a medication called clozapine (Clozaril) is the best choice.
It is a newer antipsychotic, it often works well for schizophrenia that is hard to treat, and it has less of a risk of causing or worsening TD.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any medicines to treat the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
Some doctors use these medications:
Benzodiazepines, especially clonazepam (Klonopin)
Clonidine (Catapres), a medication used for blood pressure and many other things
Medicines given for Parkinson's disease, like pramipexole (Mirapex) and baclofen
Ondansetron (Zofran), a medicine for nausea and vomiting
Levodopa (L-DOPA), an old medicine used for Parkinson's disease
Propranolol, a blood pressure medicine that can also be used for tremors
Zonisamide (Zonegran), an anti-seizure medication
Botulinum toxin (Botox)
Louis Renault was a French jurist and educator.
He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1907.
Renault was born at Autun on 21 May 1843.
He was a professor at the University of Dijon.
He then worked at the University of Paris until his death on 8 February 1918.
The South African general election of 1994 was an election held in South Africa.
The election was conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).
At the end of the general election, President Nelson Mandela became the first President of South Africa.
Millions of people were in lines over a three-day voting period.
The total of people who's votes were counted were 19,726,579 and 193,081 were rejected as invalid.
As required by the Interim Constitution, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, the two other parties that won more than twenty seats in the National Assembly.
The date 27 April is now a public holidays in South Africa.
It is known as Freedom Day.
U.S. Department of the Army, South Africa Country Study, "The 1994 Elections"
IEC results for 1994 election
Proportional representation and alternative systems
1994 elections
Elections in Africa
General elections
The Equalizer is a 2014 American action crime thriller movie.
It is set in Boston, Massachusetts.
It stars Denzel Washington and Melissa Leo.
It is based on the The TV series of the same name.
This movie is about retired intelligence officer Robert McCall (Washington).
He becomes a vigilante on behalf of helpless people, though he gets heat from the Russian Mafia.
The movie was released worldwide on September 26, 2014.
It was followed up
2014 crime movies
Vigilante movies
The Rivonia Trial was a trial that took place in South Africa between 1963 and 1964.
Ten leaders of the African National Congress were tried for 221 acts of sabotage designed to overthrow the apartheid system.
This trial was held after the police raid on the MK base in Rivonia, where documents related to the 10 accused men were found.
One of the men was the future President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela.
After the trial, Mandela was taken to jail in Robben Island.
Govan Mbeki
Raymond Mhlaba
Elias Motsoaledi, trade union and ANC member
Denis Goldberg, a Cape Town engineer and leader of the Congress of Democrats
Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein, architect and member of the South African Communist Party (SACP)
Bob Hepple
Arthur Goldreich
Harold Wolpe, prominent attorney and activist
James "Jimmy" Kantor, brother-in-law of Harold Wolpe
"The Rivonia Trial " - article by Sunder Katwala from The Observer, dated Sunday, 11 February 2001
ANC history
On the trail of Mandela's handgun
Rivonia Unmasked The prosecutor's account of the Rivonia Trial.
Historical Papers of the Rivonia Trial, Digital Collection at the University of the Witwatersrand.
Rivonia Trial Images
María Conchita Alonso (June 29, 1957) is a Latin American actress who has performed in lots of movies and television programs.
She acted in movies including Vampire's Kiss, The Running Man and Colors.
Alonso was born in Cuba, and grew up in Caracas, Venezuela.
She is an American citizen.
Monica Potter (born June 30, 1971) is an American actress.
She works in both movies and television programs.
She played Alison Gordon in the 2004 movie Saw, Tricia Poe in the thriller movie Con Air and Kristina Braverman in the television show Parenthood.
She also played Lori Colson in Boston Legal.
Kate Walsh (born October 13, 1967) is an American actress who acts in both movies and television programs.
She played Addison Montgomery in the show Grey's Anatomy and in Private Practice.
She played Nicki in The Drew Carey Show.
Walsh was born in San Jose, California.
Family Research Council is an American conservative Christian group that started in 1981 and established in 1983 by James Dobson.
In the late 1980s, the Family Research Council became part of Dobson's organization Focus on the Family.
Although in 1992 the Family Research Council became a separate group again.
They strongly oppose abortion, homosexuality and LGBT rights.
Nushki is a town and a district in Balochistan, Pakistan.
The population of Nushki is around 40000 people.
The city is in the northwest of Balochistan near to the Afghanistan border.
The Darwin–Wedgwood family is actually two inter-related English families, descended from the prominent 18th century doctor, Erasmus Darwin, and Josiah Wedgwood, founder of the pottery firm, Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, the most notable member of which was Charles Darwin.
There were a number of first and second cousin marriages between the two families: Charles Darwin married his cousin Emma Wedgwood.
The family contained at least ten Fellows of the Royal Society and several artists and poets (including the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams).
The Wedgwoods were extremely important in British industry in the west Midlands.
As Quakers, they were all anti-slavery, and so were the Darwins.
The families were also closely related to the banking family of Francis Galton.
Galton was one of Charles Darwin's cousins.
Darwin family
Flood control is a term to refer to measures that protect settlements, people and property against flooding.
Such measures include building dams, levees and weirs.
People also move away from floodplains where flooding is frequent.
Although it may be impossible to prevent flooding, there are a number of methods you can carry out to stop the water coming into your home or working environment.
Simply follow these steps:
Set up flood-barriers
Have flood doors and windows installed if necessary
Set up prevention and reaction solutions
Octavia Leonare Spencer (born May 25, 1970) is an American actress.
She has won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe.
Octavia Spencer was born in Montgomery, Alabama.
She has six brothers and sisters.
1988, she went to the Jefferson Davis High School and in this school she did her high school graduation.
1996: A Time to Kill
1998: ER (TV Series)
1999: Blue Streak
1999: Never Been Kissed
1999: Chicago Hop (TV Series)
1999: The X-Files (TV Series)
2000: Just Shoot Me!
2000: Big Momma's House
2000: Becker
2000: Malcolm in the Middle
2001: Grounded for Life (TV Series)
2001: Dharma & Greg (TV Series)
2001,2002: Titus (TV Series)
2002,2005: NYPD Blue (TV Series)
2003: S.W.A.T.
2003: Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde
2004: Win a Date with Tad Hamilton
2004-2005: LAX (TV Series)
2005: Beauty Shop
2005: Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous
2005: CSI: NY
2005: Medium
2007: Ugly Betty
2008: Seven Pounds
2008: Wizards of Waverly Place
2008: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (TV Series)
2008: The Big Bang Theory
2009: Just Peck
2009: Halloween II
2010: The Dennis Schäfner Show
2010: Dinner for Schmucks
2011: Flypaper
2011: The Help
2012: Smashed
2017: The Shape of Water
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) sets a unique and meaningful name for every known human gene.
It asks experts their opinions.