the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He also wrote the libretto for Umberto Giordano's Andrea Chénier.
Giuseppe Giacosa (21 October 1847 – 1 September 1906) was an Italian writer.
He wrote the libretti (stories and words) with Luigi Illica for Puccini's operas La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly.
Entrapment is inducement to commit a crime, especially by authorities, to get a conviction.
The implication is that the person might otherwise have been unlikely to commit the crime.
In some countries, entrapment is a possible defence against criminal liability.
A sting operation is a more sophisticated way to trap criminals.
It usually involves leaving a bait, and filming or catching whoever takes the bait.
Sos Sargsyan (24 October 1929 – 26 September 2013) was a famous Armenian actor, director, and writer.
He was known for his roles in Guys from the Army Band, Solaris, and in Nahapet.
Sargsyan was born on 24 October 1929 in Stepanavan, Soviet Armenia.
He was raised in Yerevan, Armenia.
Sargsyan died on 26 September 2013 in Yerevan, Armenia from a heart attack, aged 83.
Tuskegee University is in Tuskegee, Alabama.
It is a historic African American college.
The Alawites, also known as Alawis (ʿAlawīyyah ) are a sect within Shia Islam.
They live mainly in Syria.
They follow a branch of the Twelver school of Shia Islam.
Alawites revere Ali, and the name "Alawi" means followers of Ali.
Sung Wong Toi () is a historic relic in Hong Kong.
It is now in the Sung Wong Toi Garden.
There was a legend that Sung Wong Toi was built to remember the Emperor Duanzong of Song and his younger brother.
It was because they had once escaped to Hong Kong.
Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano (28 August 1867 – 12 November 1948) was an Italian composer.
He wrote many operas.
His opera Andrea Chénier (1896) is still performed.
Mutiny on the Bounty is an MGM movie from 1935 directed by Frank Lloyd and produced by Irving Thalberg.
It is based on the novel of the same name by Charles Nordoff and James Hall.
The movie is about the mutiny on the ship Bounty.
It stars  Charles Laughton as Captain Bligh, Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian, Franchot Tone as Roger Byam, and Movita Castaneda as a Tahitian girl.
All three were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.
The movie won the 1935 Academy Award for Best Picture.
Omoseye Bolaji (born August 16 1968) is a Nigerian-born writer.
He went on to become a successful author of many books in South Africa.
He is a novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist.
He was conferred with the Chancellor's Medal by the University of the Free State in 2007.
His published works include Impossible Love (2000), People of the Townships (2003), My Life and Literature (2007), Miscellaneous Writings (2011) and It Couldn’t Matter Less (2013)
In 2022, Omoseye Bolaji published two new books in early February:
BOOKS BARDS AND BARBS (2022)
IYA ALAJE (2022)
The Bard Of Bloemfontein
Tai O
Christian terrorism is a form of terrorism where the terrorists claim their motivations lie in their Christian religion.
Very often, such groups use the Old Testament or the New Testament scriptures to legitimize their actions.
Sometimes, the religious violence arises from different Christian groups fighting for dominance.
Orange Is the New Black is an American comedy-drama series on Netflix.
Jenji Kohan created it.
She is known for creating Weeds.
It is based on the memoir of the same name by Piper Kerman.
So far there have been three seasons with 13 episodes each.
The first episode of season two aired on June 6, 2014.
The third season premiered on June 11, 2015.
In April 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season, to be released on June 17, 2016.
In February 2016, the series was renewed through seven seasons.
Orange Is the New Black is the first series to get Emmy Award nominations in both comedy and drama categories.
The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, two Producers Guild of America Awards, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.
Plot and cast
The show is about Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a middle class woman who has been sent to prison for carrying drug money for her ex-girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), who is also put in the prison.
She is engaged to a man called Larry (Jason Biggs), and describes herself as an 'ex-lesbian'.
However, being in prison causes her to rethink her sexual orientation and her identity in general.
The show has strong LGBT themes and has been described as a 'lesbian tv show'.
Lesbian characters include Carrie "Big Boo" Black (Lea DeLaria), Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren (Uzo Aduba), and Nicky Nichols (Natasha Lyonne).
Transgender prisoner Sophia Burset is played by Laverne Cox, a real trans woman.
Most of the characters are women of color.
Orange Is the New Black was well-received by critics.
The Washington Post called the show 'brilliance behind bars'.
Taylor Schilling was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for  Lead Actress in a Drama Series.
Charles Laughton (1 July 1899 – 15 December 1962) was an Anglo-American actor, screenwriter, producer, and director.
He was born in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire.
He is known for playing Quasimodo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Captain Bligh in Mutiny on the Bounty.
He directed The Night of the Hunter.
He won the 1933 Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for The Private Life of Henry VIII.
Laughton was bisexual.
He was married to actress Elsa Lanchester from 1929 until his death.
The couple became American citizens in 1950.
Laughton died of kidney cancer in Hollywood, Los Angeles.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1939 RKO movie based on Victor Hugo's novel, directed by William Dieterle, and stars Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Sullivan.
A  balk is something that a pitcher does in baseball that is not allowed, or illegal.
If a balk happens the umpire will point to the pitcher and yell "balk", and the runners on base get to move up one base.
If there are no runners on base, a ball is issued to the batter.
The pitcher faking a pitch
The pitcher throwing the ball to a base where there is no runner
Pitching the ball before everyone is ready
The pitcher takes too long to pitch
If the pitcher drops the ball, even if he didn't mean to.
An ealdorman (from Old English ealdorman, lit. "
elder man"; plural: "ealdormen") is a term used for a high-ranking royal official who was in charge of one or more shires.
The title dates from the sixth century and was in use up to the time of King Canute.
Their position was a combination of administrator, judge and military commander.
Ealdormen were the predecessors of the later English earls.
The king appointed an ealdorman to govern one or more shires or territories.
The ealdorman was also responsible for leading his local fyrd (part-time army) in battle.
But these armies owed their first allegiance to their ealdorman.
Very often the support of one or more ealdormen could help a royal candidate to become king.
In many cases ealdormen succeeded underkings yet kept the same rights.
Several had been underkings and were members of the royal family.
In early Anglo-Saxon documents ealdormen are also termed dux, princeps, or comitis in documents of the time.
The term first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 568.
But it was probably used long before then.
As early as the seventh century ealdormen were seen as judges.
But the development of the shire may have come later.
As ealdormanries began to become hereditary (passed down from father to son) the families who held them became more and more powerful.
Several rose in power second only to the king.
They were described in documents by the term patricius.
In the eighth century these occurred in Northumbria, Mercia and Kent.
The term patricius was roughly the same as the office of mayor of the palace in the Merovingian dynasty of Frankish kings.
This could be dangerous for a king to have someone so powerful exercising power in his name.
In the eighth and ninth centuries the most dangerous ealdormen were those who claimed royal descent.
They could and in some cases did rise up against a king and took the throne themselves.
In the very basic royal administrations of the time a king needed to depend on his ealdormen.
A king could create ealdormen from his own family.
But he could only fill only a portion of the ealdormanries in that way.
As the families of ealdormen banded together in ties of mutual support it became more difficult to remove an ealdorman.
The term ealdorman was replaced by the term earl during the eleventh century.
In the laws of King Canute both ealdormen and earls are mentioned.
But there was no distinction made between them.
After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the title Earl was no longer interchangeable with dux or princeps.
They were written at times as comes (count).
King William replaced most Anglo-Saxon earls with his own appointees.
He then limited the power of most earls giving them control of counties, castles or other territories.
A few were given more power.
These were titled Earl palatine.
Centwine († 685) was King of Wessex from  to 685.
He appears to have been one of several underkings of Wessex after the death of Cenwalh.
But at some point he united the kingdom of Wessex under his rule.
Centwine was the probable son of Cynegils and grandson of Ceolwulf, King of Wessex.
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Centwine became king .
Also that he succeeded Aescwine.
Bede wrote that after the death of King Cenwalh: "his under-rulers took upon them the kingdom of the people, and dividing it among themselves, held it ten years".
Bede's view of Aescwine and Centwine as underkings may represent the views of King Ine.
His family ruled Wessex in Bede's time.
If the kingdom did fragment following Cenwalh's death, it was reunited during Centwine's reign.
An entry under 682 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Centwine drove the Britons to the sea".
Aldhelm wrote Centwine won three major victories but does not say who he defeated.
Centwine is reported to have abdicated and became a monk.
Centwine married Eangyth, niece of Eorcenbert of Kent.
Her sister, Eormenburh was married to King Egfrith of Northumbria.
Bugga, Abbess of Eanburh.
Oshere († bef.
Les Misérables is a novel by Victor Hugo.
It was published in 1862.
The story is about a former convict named Jean Valjean.
He tries to find a meaningful life, but is followed by a police officer.
The story has been made into movies several times.
It has also been made into a musical.
He is trying to run away after being convicted by the police since he stole bread to feed his sister's children.
Hugo based some of his characters on the lives of real people.
That way, Valjean is probably based upon Eugène François Vidocq.
He probably used the story of Bienvenu de Miollis to base the Bishop of Digne on.
De Mollis was the bishop of Digne from 1805 to 1838.
Enjolras, a revolutionary leader is probably based on Louise Michel, a French anarchist.
Les Misérables starts by describing the life of the nice Bishop Myriel who is always helping the poor.
Then the book talks about Jean Valjean, a man who was arrested because he stole some bread to feed his sister's children.
He is freed from prison after 19 years and he wanders through France until the Bishop takes him in for the night.
Valjean tries to steal the Bishop's silverware, but he is caught.
The Bishop pretends that he gave Valjean the silverware and tells him to be good.
Jean Valjean changes his name to M. Madeline and becomes a factory owner and the town's mayor.
One of his workers is named Fantine.
She had a child called Cosette who lives with an evil innkeeper named Thenardier.
The other women in the factory get Fantine fired or removed from her job.
When Fantine is attacked by a man on the streets, Valjean protects her from the police and takes her to the hospital because she is sick.
Fantine tells Valjean about Cosette and asks him to save Cosette.
Unfortunately, she is too sick and dies.
A police officer called Javert finds out about Valjean and he chases him and arrests him, but Valjean escapes from jail and goes to find Cosette.
When he does, he takes her from the innkeeper Thenardier and runs away to Paris.
There, he is chased by Javert and eventually finds a place where Cosette can go to school and he can work safely.
Meanwhile, a young man named Marius has found a new group of friends at the ABC Café.
They (the Friends of the ABC) are unhappy because a lot of people are poor.
So they want to make the government help the poor people but only one man in the government wants to.
His name is Jean Lamarque, and he is very sick.
A girl named Eponine, the daughter of Thenardier, falls in love with Marius, but he doesn't love her.
When Cosette is done with school, she and Valjean go to live in a house on Plumet Street (Rue Plumet).
There, Marius meets Cosette and they fall in love.
Then, Thenardier, who lost his job, tries to rob Valjean, but Eponine saves him and Cosette.
Then, Lamarque dies!
The Friends of the ABC are angry and build barricades (or giant walls) out of furniture in the center of Paris.
The government is angry and sends Javert to go spy on the Friends.
Valjean learns that Cosette loves Marius and goes to save Marius at the barricade.
While Javert is inside the barricades, the Friends find out that he is a spy and they tie him up.
Valjean is supposed to kill him but he decides not to which makes Javert very confused.
Javert decides trying to understand why Valjean did not kill him even though Valjean used to be a bad person is too hard for him to understand, so he jumps off a bridge and drowns.
Then, the army attacks the barricade!
Marius is almost shot but Eponine saves him.
However, she was killed while saving him.
The fighting continues and most of the Friends are killed.
Valjean takes Marius and drags him through the sewers to a safe place.
Cosette and Marius get engaged which means that they are about to get married!
Before their wedding, Valjean tells Marius that he is going to go away forever after the wedding because he thinks that he is a bad person.
At the wedding, Marius learns that Valjean saved him, so he and Cosette tell Valjean that they don't want him to go away.
But Valjean is too sad so he still dies.
As he dies though, he sees Fantine again.
Les Misérables (movie)
Toilers of the Sea is a novel by Victor Hugo.
It was published in 1866.
It is about the resurrection of a sunken ship.
It has been made into movies several times.
Taronga Zoo  is a zoo in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
It is on the shores of Sydney Harbour in the suburb of Mosman.
It was officially opened on 7 October 1916.
The zoo covers about .
It holds over 2,600 animals of 340 species.
There is a larger, sister zoo in Dubbo, the Taronga Western Plains Zoo.
The zoo is divided into eight geographic regions of the world.
The largest section is for Australian wildlife.
It also has several aviaries, and an aquarium section for seals and penguins.
The Taronga Zoo also helps endangered animals.
In 2009, scientists brought some yellow-spotted tree frogs to the Taronga Zoo to breed.
Then the last wild yellow-spotted tree frogs died.
In 2018, the scientists took some of the frogs from the Taronga Zoo and put them in the wild.
Daily Telegraph feature-section on Taronga Zoo
Mario vs. Donkey Kong is a 2004 puzzle-platform video game for the Game Boy Advance.
It was released in North America on May 24, 2004, in Japan on June 1, 2004, and in Europe on November 19, 2004.
It is a spiritual successor to Donkey Kong, which was released for the Game Boy in 1994.
In the game, the player plays as Mario, who is chasing Donkey Kong through a toy factory after Donkey Kong stole many Mini-Mario toys.
It plays similarly to the Game Boy Donkey Kong game.
There are five types of levels.
In the first type, Mario has to pick up a key and take it to a locked door, then find and pick up the Mini-Mario toy at the end of the level.
In the second type, Mario has to guide six Mini-Mario toys to the Toy Box.
While doing so, he has to protect them from dangers in the level.
In the third type, Mario has to fight Donkey Kong in order to go to the next world.
In the fourth type, the Plus level, Mario has to turn on one Mini-Mario with a key and take it to the door.
The fifth type of level, the Expert level, plays like the first type of level, but is harder.
Madame Bovary is a novel by Gustave Flaubert.
It was published in 1856.
It is the story of an unhappy middle class French housewife.
She longs for the kind of romance and glamor that life in the country does not provide.
After a few unfulfilling adulteries, she kills herself.
The story was first published in parts (serialization) in a magazine.
It was thought obscene.
Flaubert and his publisher were charged with immorality, but were acquitted.
The story was a great success when published in book form in 1857.
It is thought one of the greatest novels ever written.
It has been adapted to different media.
An American movie starring Jennifer Jones is perhaps the best known adaptation to Americans.
Wii Party U is a party video game for the Wii U game console.
It is the sequel to Wii Party.
It was released in North America and Europe on October 25, 2013, in Australia on October 26, 2013, and in Japan on October 31, 2013.
But only 150 copies was ever sold due to the Wii U being a flop.
That’s why the newer Mario games sucks.
Nintendo have lost interest in the IP.
Wii Party U is a party video game which takes elements from the Mario Party series.
It has over 80 minigames.
Players are able to play minigames with the Wii U GamePad.
Water Margin ( Shui Hu Zhuan) is a novel that is said to have been written by Shi Nai'an.
The story is set during the Song Dynasty.
It is about a group of outlaws who gather to form an army, and are later sent to fight foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces by the government.
The Turn of the Screw is a horror novel by Henry James.
It was published in 1898.
The story is about two children in a lonely country house.
Their governess believes they are possessed by the ghosts of two dead servants.
The novel was made into an opera by Benjamin Britten, and into a movie called The Innocents starring Deborah Kerr.
1890s books
Works by Henry James
The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James.
It was published in parts (serialization) in 1880-1881.
It was published as a book in the United States by Houghton, Mifflin in 1881.
It tells the story of a rich young American woman, Isabel Archer.
She is exploited by the scheming Madame Merle and her friend Gilbert Osmond.
Isabel weds Osmond and finds herself in a loveless marriage.
It is thought one of James's finest works.
The story has been adapted to a BBC television program and to a movie starring Nicole Kidman.
Daisy Miller is a novella by Henry James.
It was published in 1879.
It is about a rich and flirtatious young American woman who offends the sensibilities of the Europeans she is moving among.
She is an outsider and dies after catching a fever on a visit to the Colosseum.
It was a huge success and is still one of James's most popular works.
The story was made into a movie starring Cybil Shepherd.
Colcannon is an Irish dish made of cabbage or kale and mashed potatoes.
Milk, butter, salt and pepper are usually added.
It is usually eaten around Halloween.
To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama movie.
It was directed by Robert Mulligan.
It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout.
The movie is based on the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee.
The movie has been listed in the National Film Registry.
It won three Academy Awards: Best Actor (Gregory Peck), Best Art Direction, and Best Adapted Screenplay.
Atticus Finch, a white lawyer working in the South, defends Tom, a black man accused of raping a white woman.
Tom is found guilty of rape.
Finch's daughter, Scout, narrates the story from her perspective as an adult.
Movies directed by Robert Mulligan
Lord Jim is a novel by Joseph Conrad.
It was first published in parts (serialization) in a magazine in 1899-1900.
It is about the sinking of a ship and its abandonment by the crew.
One of the crew, "Lord Jim", must come to terms with his cowardice.
The book was made into two movies, one starring Peter O'Toole.
Just So Stories for Little Children is a book of stories by Rudyard Kipling.
It was published in 1902 by Macmillan & Co. The stories are "origin stories".
They explain how things in the natural world came about, such as the elephant's trunk and the camel's hump.
Kipling drew the pictures for the original edition.
Grenadier, a soldier who throws grenades
Grenade, Haute-Garonne département, France
"Grenade" (song), a song by Bruno Mars
Physically unattractive appearance, see physical attractiveness
where the experimenter does not know which treatment is given to a subject.
The idea is to avoid bias which the experimenter might otherwise introduce.
If both tester and subject are blinded, the trial is a double-blind trial.
Suppose consumers are asked to compare the tastes of different brands of a product.
Obviously, the identities of the product should be hidden – otherwise consumers tend to prefer the brand they are familiar with.
Similarly, when testing a pharmaceutical drug, both patients and experimenter should not know the dosage being given in each case.
The terms blind (adjective) or to blind (transitive verb) when used in this sense are figurative extensions of the literal idea of blindfolding someone.
Blind experiments went on to be used outside of purely scientific settings.
In 1817, a committee of scientists and musicians compared a Stradivarius violin to one with a guitar-like design made by the naval engineer François Chanot.
A well-known violinist played each instrument while the committee listened in the next room to avoid prejudice.
One of the first essays advocating a blinded approach to experiments in general came from Claude Bernard in the latter half of the 19th century, who recommended splitting any scientific experiment between the theorist who conceives the experiment and a naive (and preferably uneducated) observer who registers the results without foreknowledge of the theory or hypothesis being tested.
This suggestion contrasted starkly with the prevalent Enlightenment-era attitude that scientific observation can only be objectively valid when undertaken by a well-educated, informed scientist.
Double-blind trials
Double-blind describes an especially reliable way of conducting an experiment.
It tries to eliminate subjective, unrecognized biases carried by an experiment's subjects <u/l>and</u/l> conductors.
In a double-blind experiment, neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants belong to the control group, and which to the test group.
Random assignment of test subjects to the experimental and control groups is the key to any double-blind research design.
The information about who the subjects were, and which group they belonged to, is kept by a third party until the study is over.
Crossgates Commons is a plaza in Albany, New York near Crossgates Mall.
It has a lot of stores.
Upper level
Tiger Direct
Bed Bath and Beyond
JCPenney
JCPenney Outlet
Golf Galaxy
Land Air Express
Sears Outlet
Michaels
Olie's Bargain Outlet
St Paul's Suite is a piece of music by Gustav Holst.
It was written in 1912.
It was published in 1922 after some revisions.
It is written for string orchestra with the addition of some wind instruments.
It was written for St Paul's Girls' School where Holst was Director of Music for many years.
The suite has four movements: Jig, Ostinato, Intermezzo, and Finale.
First Suite in E-flat for Military Band is a piece of music by Gustav Holst.
It was written in 1909 and had its first performance in 1920.
There are three movements: "Chaconne", "Intermezzo", and "March".
The suite is thought a cornerstone of music for military band.
Songs of a Wayfarer is a set of four songs for low voice and orchestra by Gustav Mahler.
Mahler started writing the music in 1884.
The music was first performed on March 16, 1896.
There are four songs: "When My Sweetheart is Married", "I Went This Morning over the Field", "I Have a Gleaming Knife", and "The Two Blue Eyes of my Beloved".
The Marble Faun is a novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
It was published in 1860.
The story is set in Italy.
Saint François d'Assise is an opera in three acts and eight scenes.
The music and libretto were written by Olivier Messiaen.
The opera was written from 1975 to 1983.
The first performance was given by the Paris Opéra at the Palais Garnier on November 28, 1983.
Kaira (; Altai: Кайра, ) is the king of the gods and ruler of the universe in Turkic and Altai mythologies.
He is the god of creation and the creator of everything.
Kaira sits on the 17th floor of sky and determines the fate of the universe.
He created the other gods.
He existed before the creation of the universe.
He planted a tree with nine boughes.
This tree connects the sky and earth and nine human races are descended from the tree.
His sons are Ulgan, Kyzaghan and Mergen.
In ancient Turkic beliefs, Kaira is a white goose that flies over an endless water.
Ak Ana (white mother) appears and tells him to create.
Kaira is the biggest and the strongest of all the gods.
So he creates the earth.
Ulgan - Son of Ulgan.
God of Benevolence
Türk Mitolojisi (Türk mitleri ve destanları) Kayra Han
Ledbury is a small town in Herefordshire.
The well known poet John Masefield comes from here.
Ulgan (, Khakass: Ӱлген, , , ) is a creator god in Turkic mythology.
He is ruler of the sky.
He lives in a golden palace on Altyn Dagh (, "Golden Mountain").
He has a golden throne and a lightning arc.
His father is Kaira Khan.
Ulgan lives on 16th floor of the sky, and manages the stars and other objects in the sky.
It was believed that at the beginning of the universe there was only Ulgan and Erlik.
Children of Ulgan
Ulgan has seven sons, named Akoghlanlar (White Boys).
They are "Karakush Khan, Karshyt Khan, Pura Khan, Burcha Kan, Yashyl Khan, Er-Kanym Khan, Bakty Khan".
And he has nine daughters, that named Akkyzlar.
No one knows the names of the daughters.
Akoghlanlar
Karshyt Khan: The god of purity.
Pura Khan: The god of horses.
Burcha Khan: The god of prosperity.
Yashyl Khan: The god of nature.
Karakush KHan: The god of birds.
Kanym Khan: The god of confidence.
Bakhty Khan: The god of blessing.
Kaira - Father of Ulgan.
Sky God.
Çoban, Ramazan Volkan, Türk Mitolojisinde İyilik Tanrısı Ülgen
The ”’Dalmatian City-states”’ were 8 cities in Dalmatia where the autoctonous Dalmatian Italians survived the Slav invasions, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
These cities were: Zara, Spalato, Ragusa, Cattaro, Trau, Ossero (called even Cherso or Crespa), Veglia and Arbe.
At the beginning of the seventh century the Avars with some Slav tribes devastated and conquered the Roman province of Dalmatia.
The local Latin population survived only in the coast and islands of Dalmatia.
There they created 8 little cities that maintained political links with the Byzantine Empire, that defended these cities allowing their commerce.
The original name of the cities was Jadera, Spalatum, Crespa, Arba, Tragurium, Vecla, Ragusium and Cattarum.
The language and the laws where initially Latin, but after a few centuries they developed their own neolatin language (the "Dalmatico"), that lasted until the nineteenth century.
The cities were maritime centers with a huge commerce mainly with the Italian peninsula and with the growing Republic of Venice.
From it they received their Italian culture and arts.
After the year 1000 AD, the Venetian Doge Orseolo II started to control all coastal Dalmatia, but it was only in 1420 AD that Venice was able to obtain the full domination of these City-states.
But one of the City-states, Ragusium (or Ragusa) was dominated by Venice only for a few decades in the eleventh century and later created the famous "Repubblica di Ragusa".
This was an autonomous state under the protection of the Ottoman empire, and lasted until the conquest by Napoleon in 1804 AD when was united to the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy.
Jackson, Thomas.
Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado.
Oxford, 1887 .
The Battle of Palmito Ranch in Texas was the last battle of the American Civil War.
It was fought on May 12 and 13, 1865.
19th century in Texas
Palmito Ranch
AMONG US
The Battle of Nashville was a battle of the American Civil War.
It was fought on December 15 and 16, 1864.
History of Nashville, Tennessee
Interstate 787 (I-787) is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of New York.
It goes through downtown Albany.
The southern end is at the toll plaza for New York State Thruway (I-87) exit 23.
The location of the northern end is unclear.
Some sources say it is at 8th Street in Troy.
Other sources say it is at its interchange with NY 7 and NY 787 in the town of Colonie.
The route is  long if extended to Troy, or  without the NY 7 overlap.
Interstate 890 (I-890) is a highway in New York, in the United States.
It runs southeast to northwest, mostly within Scthenady County.
Most of I-890 is six lanes wide.
Parade Square () is a big city square in central Warsaw, Poland.
It was established in 1955 by the Soviet Union together with the building of the Palace of Culture and Science.
The square is one of the biggest in Europe and the world.
It was used in the Communist period by the government of People's Republic of Poland for military parades.
After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989 the square was abandoned and made into a marketplace.
Warsaw Takes Steps on Parade Square Development in The Wall Street Journal.
Esau is the eldest son of Isaac and Rebekah in the Book of Genesis.
Jacob is his twin brother. (
Chapter 25).
He is a 'cunning hunter, a man of the field' (25:27) Esau gives his birthright as eldest to Jacob for a meal of lentil stew.
He is then tricked out of his father's blessing by Rebekah and Jacob, with Jacob instead receiving the blessing.
He has several wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath daughter of Elon.
He later marries Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, his cousin, to please his parents.
Entry for Jacob and Esau at Chabad
There are 3 arrondissements in the Haute-Garonne department.
1790 : creation of the department with eight districts: Toulouse, Rieux, Villefranche-de-Lauragais, Castelsarrasin, Muret, Saint-Gaudens, Revel, Grenadel
1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Toulouse, Castelsarrasin, Muret, Saint-Gaudens, Villefranche
1803 : the arrondissement of Muret is eliminated
1806 : restoration of the arrondissement of Muret
1808 : the arrondissement of Castelsarrasin is eliminated and became part of the new department of Tarn-et-Garonne
1926 : the arrondissements of Muret and Villefranche are eliminated
1942 : restoration of the arrondissement of Muret
Anthony of Padua, O.F.M. (born Fernando Martins de Bulhões; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231), was a Portuguese Catholic priest.
He was a friar of the Franciscan Order.
He was born and raised in a rich family in Lisbon.
Anthony was canonised as a saint on 30 May 1232, less than a year after his death.
He is considered a patron saint of lost or stolen items.
He goes that he had a book of sacred songs in which he'd written his own personal notes.
A young novice from his complex of buildings decided to leave the order.
As he was leaving, he stole Anthony's book.
Anthony prayed for it to be returned.
Sometime later the missing novice returned to the order and asked to be taken back in, and returned Anthony's book.
This was deemed a miracle.
Anthony died in Padua, Italy.
After his death, because of that incident, people prayed to Anthony when they had lost something or had it stolen.
Some of them got their things back.
Those were also deemed "miracles."
They are what got him sainthood.
1195 births
Goodnight Moon is an American picture book.
It was published by Harper & Brothers in 1947.
It was written by Margaret Wise Brown.
The pictures were drawn by Clement Hurd.
The book is about a bunny who says "goodnight" to all the things he can see about his bedroom.
A counselor is a trained professional who helps others by listening to them and giving them advice.
They may be a psychologist or a social worker.
Counselors help people with things like career development, anger management, health and lifestyle.
Schools often have counselors to help students there.
Harold and the Purple Crayon is a picture book by Crockett Johnson.
It was published by Harper & Brothers in 1955.
The book is about a boy named Harold.
He creates his own world by drawing it with his purple crayon.
The flag of Vietnam, officially "red flag with a gold star" (cờ đỏ sao vàng), was designed in 1940.
The background color is red and there is a yellow star.
Red means revolution and victory while the yellow star means leadership of Communist Party of Vietnam.
The star also means different grades of Vietnam.
Symbols of Vietnam
Joe Maddon (born 1954) is the manager of the Los Angeles Angels in Major League Baseball.
From 2015 until 2019 Maddon was the manager of the Chicago Cubs.
He led the Cubs to a World Series victory in 2016.
He previously managed the Tampa Bay Rays.
Joe Maddon entry at Baseball reference
Chicago Cubs managers
Hurricane Ingrid was a strong Category 1 hurricane which struck eastern Mexico at the same time another storm struck the western parts.
The storm claimed the lives of 32 people in Mexico.
The winds of Ingrid reached  at its peak.
The storm, however, weakened before heading into Mexico as a severe tropical storm in September 2013.
The name Ingrid was later retired.
It was replaced with Imelda for 2019.
Antonio Ghislanzoni (25 November 1824 – 16 July 1893) was an Italian writer.
He wrote the libretti for Verdi's operas La forza del destino (1869) and Aida (1871).
He was born in Lombardy and died in Bergamo.
Baidu Baike (Chinese: 百度百科) is an online encyclopedia owned by Baidu, a Chinese search engine.
It started providing service in 2006.
By August 2013 Baidu Baike had about five million articles.
This compares with about 700,000 articles in the Chinese Wikipedia.
Early in 2018 these numbers were about fifteen million and one million.
Baidu Baike censors its content to the requirements of the Chinese government.
Nepal has a unique culture.
Its cultural heritage has developed over several thousands of years.
It covers Nepal's many ethnic, tribal and social classes.
There are at least 92 living languages spoken in Nepal, though some studies list 123.
Nepal's languages come from three major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman and indigenous.
The official national language of Nepal is Nepali, written in Devanagari script.
It is the first language of about half the country's population, and is used by people of most ethnic groups to communicate with each other.
Both Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal date back more than 2000 years.
The 2001 census recorded that 80.6% of the population was Hindu.
Buddhism was practiced by about 11% of the population, although many people often practice their own mix of Hindu, Buddhist, and/or animist traditions.
About 3.2% practice Islam.
Another 3.6% of the population follows the native Kirant religion.
Christianity is practiced officially by less than 0.5%.
Nepalese people have several festivals that they celebrate each year.
The longest and the most important of these is Dashain.
It is celebrated for 15 days, and is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Durga.
Most festivals include dancing and music, as well as all kinds of local food.
Charya: popular among the Buddhist community
Kartik: started by King Siddhi Nasingh Malla in Kathmandu valley
Ghatu: popular among the Gurung and Magar communities at Gandaki Zone
Nepal Encyclopedia culture category
Surface water is water on the surface of the planet, above the ground.
It is the water in rivers, lakes, wetlands and oceans.
It is different to groundwater, which is in the soil, and atmospheric water, which is in the sky.
Fresh surface water is added to by precipitation and by taking ground-water from the ground.
It is lost through evaporation, where it becomes atmospheric water, or through seepage into the ground, where it becomes ground water.
It is also lost through use by plants for transpiration, animals for drinking, or by humans for agriculture, washing and other purposes.
Fresh water is also discharged to the ocean, where it becomes salt water.
Nature photography is photography of natural things such as landscapes, wildlife, and plants.
It can include close-ups of natural scenes and textures.
Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on making the photo look good than other forms of photography like photojournalism and documentary photography.
Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines.
Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") are a clade which includes most theropod dinosaurs, including birds.
Tetanurans first appear in the Jurassic.
It is a large group of theropod dinosaurs.
Jacques Gauthier used the term when he first applied cladistics to vertebrate paleontology.
Tetanurae are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to Ceratosaurus.
Gauthier considered it to consist of Carnosauria and Coelurosauria.
Modern birds are the only living representatives of the clade Tetanurae.
Fight Club is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk.
It was published in 1996 by W. W. Norton & Company.
The story is about an insomniac and a man named Tyler Durden.
They start a fight club as a form of mental therapy.
The book was made into a movie of the same name starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton.
St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine abbey in Canterbury, Kent, England.
It is named after Saint Augustine of Canterbury.
It was founded during the early introduction of Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons.
The original church was built at the end of the 6th century.
It was ordered by King Æthelberht of Kent.
Building started in 598.
The ruins of St Augustine's Abbey, together with Canterbury Cathedral and St Martin's Church, were named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988.
at English Heritage
St Augustine's Abbey at SacredDestinations.com
6th-century establishments in England
1530s disestablishments
G-Unit Records is a record label started by the musician 50 Cent.
It specializes in hip hop and rap music.
It was started in 2005 and is part of the Universal Music Group.
The company is based in New York City.
Christian Ward (born September 9, 1986), better known by his stage name Hitmaka (used to be Yung Berg) is a rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Chicago.
He's best known for the song "Sexy Lady" with Junior.
He was featured in the song "Sexy Can I" by Ray J.
Heart of a Dog is a novel by Mikhail Bulgakov.
It is a biting satire of the "New Soviet man".
It was written in 1925 at the height of the NEP period, when Communism seemed to be weakening in the Soviet Union.
Its theme is "the [Communist] revolution's misguided attempt to radically transform mankind".
It has elements of fantasy and science fiction, and wit and humour.
The book's publication was at first forbidden in the Soviet Union.
It circulated in samizdat until it was officially released in the country in 1987.
It is "one of novelist Mikhail Bulgakov's most beloved stories" featuring a stray dog "named Sharik, who takes human form" as a slovenly but self-important New Soviet Man.
The dog's internal monologue at the start, grumbling at his life in the city, sets the scene for the novel.
After a terrible day, a stray dog thinks about his bad luck to live on the streets of Moscow.
Then, to his surprise, successful surgeon Filip Filippovich Preobrazhensky arrives and offers the dog a piece of sausage.
Overjoyed, the dog follows Filip back to his flat, where he is given a stock dog name, Sharik.
At the house, Sharik gets to know Dr. Preobrazhensky's household, which includes Doctor Bormenthal, Professor's student and protegé and two female servants.
Despite the Professor's vocal anti-communism, his frequent medical treatment of the Party leaders makes him untouchable.
He refuses to reduce the size of his seven-room flat, and treats the Bolsheviks on the housing committee with contempt.
Impressed by his new master, Sharik slips easily into the role of "a gentleman's dog".
After Sharik's health improves, the Professor prepares to operate on him.
Sharik is dragged by the scruff of the neck into the lab.
There, he is sedated and an operation begins.
As Bormenthal assists, the Professor gives him a human pituitary gland and human testicles.
During the weeks after the operation, the household is stunned as Sharik begins transforming into an incredibly unkempt human.
In the aftermath, the Professor and Bormenthal patiently attempt to teach Sharikov basic etiquette.
Instead, Sharikov mocks the idea of manners as relics of Tsarism.
He insists that it is better to behave, as he puts it, "naturally".
As a result, Sharikov curses in front of women, refuses to shave, and dresses like a slob.
Meanwhile, Sharikov turns the Professor's life into a living hell.
He is caught attempting to rape one of the female servants.
Enraged, Bormenthal beats Sharikov up and forces him to apologize.
Infuriated, Sharikov leaves the apartment and remains gone for several days.
Later, Bormenthal begs the Professor for permission to dose Sharikov with arsenic, calling him a man with "the heart of a dog".
The Professor is horrified and orders Bormenthal not to "slander the dog".
He explains that the human body parts, which came from a drunk, are responsible for all of Sharikov's defects.
Bormenthal then suggests that they redo the operation, using the body of a genius.
Again the Professor refuses, explaining that the operation was meant to improve the human race.
Breaking with his former beliefs, the Professor admits that any peasant woman could give birth to a genius and that eugenics are a waste of time.
In conclusion, the Professor refuses to permit Sharikov's murder or to undo the operation, which could easily kill him as well.
Soon after, Sharikov returns, explaining that he has been granted a job by the Soviet State.
He now spends his work-day strangling vagrant cats, whose fur is used to imitate that of squirrels.
Soon after Sharikov brings home a female co-worker, whom he introduces to the Professor as his new common law wife.
Instead of giving them their own room, as Sharikov demands, the Professor takes the woman aside and explains that Sharikov is the product of a lab experiment gone horribly wrong.
The woman, who had believed that Sharikov was a Red Army veteran wounded during the Russian Civil War, leaves the apartment in tears.
Seething with hatred, Sharikov threatens to fire her.
Again Bormenthal beats Sharikov up and makes him promise not to do anything of the sort.
The following day, a senior Party official arrives and tells the Professor that Sharikov has denounced him to the secret police, the Cheka.
Explaining that nothing is going to happen to him due to the State's distrust of Sharikov, the Party official departs.
When Sharikov returns, the Professor and Bormenthal order him to leave the flat permanently.
Instead, Sharikov refuses and draws a revolver.
Enraged, the Professor and Bormenthal pounce upon him.
That night, an ominous silence reigns in the flat and the lights are left on for many hours after bedtime.
Over the days that follow, the Professor and Bormenthal look far more relaxed than at any time before Sharikov's arrival.
Eventually, the police arrive with a search warrant.
They demand to see Sharikov.
Unintimidated, the Professor orders Bormenthal to summon Sharikov, who is slowly being transformed back into a dog.
The Professor explains the change as a natural phenomenon, although it is obvious to the reader that in fact he and Bormenthal have simply performed the reverse operation.
The police depart.
In the aftermath, the fully canine Sharik blissfully resumes his status as a gentleman's dog.
However, he is soon terrified to see the Professor bringing home a human brain and removing the pituitary gland...
Heart of a dog.
Translator: Mirra Ginsburg.
New York: Grove Press; Picador, London: ISBN 0-330-30739-8
A Dog's Heart.
Hesperus.
ISBN 978-1-843-91402-0
Translated by Michael Glenny.
London: Collins Harvill.
ISBN 978-0-002-71304-7
Translated with notes by Andrew Bromfield, with an introduction by James Meek.
ISBN 978-0-140-45515-1
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There is a children's novel by Lewis Carroll.
John Tenniel drew the pictures.
The book was published by Macmillan in 1871.
It is a sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
The book is a series of dream-like fantasy episodes.
The theme which ties them together is Alice's journey as a pawn from the start of a fantasy game of chess until she reaches the eighth rank and becomes a queen.
The story is about the strange world Alice discovers when she passes through a looking-glass (mirror) above a fireplace at home.
The setting is a game of chess.
Well known characters from the book include Tweedledum and Tweedledee, the Walrus and the Carpenter, the White Knight, and the Garden of Live Flowers.
Alice meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of her ability to remember future events.
Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's fifth rank by crossing over a stream together.
At the moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop.
Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers".
Unknown to Alice, these are standard terms in the jargon of rowing.
Thus (for a change) the Queen/Sheep was speaking in a perfectly logical and meaningful way.
The book has several famous nonsense poems, such as Jabberwocky and The Walrus and the Carpenter.
and many examples of word play such as puns and made-up words, in addition to portmanteau words.
Sir John Tenniel (28 February 1820 – 25 February 1914) was a British illustrator.
He is famous for drawing the pictures in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.
He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1893.
The Project for Public Spaces (also called PPS) is a non-profit organization dedicated to public participation in planning urban spaces in cities.
The organization works in the subjects of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban design, urban geography, psychology, art, and information management.
The institute was established in 1975 and is located in New York, United States.
The organization works in over 2,500 communities in 40 countries around the world.
Sylvie and Bruno is a novel by Lewis Carroll.
It was published in 1889 by Macmillan.
Its companion novel Sylvie and Bruno Concluded was published in 1893 by Macmillan.
The first volume is set in the real world, but the second volume is set in fairyland.
The books were not so well received as the Alice books.
The Association of Spanish Language Academies () is the highest institution of the Spanish language.
It works in all countries that speak Spanish.
It was established in 1951 in Mexico.
The Association of Spanish Language Academies is headquartered in Madrid, Spain.
It also has 22 other member organizations located in 21 other countries.
List of member countries
The Académie française (English: The French Academy) is France's main authority on the French language.
It was created in Paris on 22 February 1635.
Like the French Academy of Sciences, it is one of five academies in the Institut de France.
L'Académie française  from the Scholarly Societies project
The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin is a picture book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter.
It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in August 1903.
The story is about a squirrel named Nutkin who annoys an owl called Old Brown.
The owl grabs the squirrel's tail and pulls it off.
Potter's next book was  The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
Squirrel Nutkin's brother Twinkleberry, Nutkin and their many cousins sail to Owl Island.
They made a boat of twigs.
They offer the owl Old Brown gifts.
They ask his permission to collect nuts on his island.
Old Brown  lets the squirrels pick nuts.
Squirrel Nutkin dances and sings silly riddles to the owl, every day.
Finally Nutkin makes the Old Brown mad.
The owl catches Nutkin.
Nutkin escapes, but loses most of his tail.
After this he becomes furious when he is asked riddles.
The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin at Internet Archive
Visiting Cumbria : Photographs of Lingholm, Derwent Water, and environs
The Riddles of Squirrel Nutkin  from Lyndie Chiou's  children's book and music blog.