the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The following day 7 and 8 Troop of the B Squadron, 20th Armoured Regiment were added to the attack.
The German defenders left.
On 15 September the Greeks attacked the Rimini airfield.
Allied bombers attacked the western side of the airfield, and the Greeks attacked afterwards.
The Germans attacked with fire from infantry, anti-tank rockets (Panzerschrecks), self-propelled guns, and emplaced Panther turrets.
The following day (17 September) the three battalions continued their advance.
Once the airfield was taken the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade turned towards Rimini.
On 18 September the 2nd and 3rd Battalions moved towards Rimini.
On the morning of 21 September, the 2nd Greek Battalion reached the city and raised the Greek flag on the municipal building.
At 7:45 of 21 September the mayor surrendered the city to the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade.
Vernon Lorden Shaw (May 13, 1930 – December 2, 2013) was the 5th President of Dominica.
He took office on October 6, 1998, following the expiration of President Crispin Sorhaindo's single five-year term.
Shaw left office on October 1, 2003, and was succeeded by Nicholas Liverpool.
He died on December 2, 2013 from a heart attack, aged 83.
Presidents of Dominica
Gal Gadot (aka Gal Gadot-Varsano;   ; ; born 30 April 1985) is an Israeli actress and model.
Gadot won Miss Israel 2004, before serving in the Israel Defence Forces.
She played Gisele Yashar in the 2009 movie Fast and Furious.
Gadot also played Wonder Woman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in 2016.
She appeared in the solo movie Wonder Woman (2017) and again as Wonder Woman in Justice League (2017).
In 2013, she was ranked as the second highest earning fashion model in Israel.
She is the face of Gucci's Bamboo perfume.
In 2019, Gadot formed her production company Pilot Wave, alongside her husband Yaron Varsano.
Since the formation of the company, a number of projects have been announced, including a number of biographical films about important female historical figures, including Irena Sendler, Hedy Lamarr and Cleopatra.
Gadot was born in Petah Tikva, Israel to Jewish parents and grew up in Rosh HaAyin, Israel.
In Hebrew, her first name means "wave".
Her last name means "riverbanks".
Her parents were born in Israel.
Her father Michael Gadot is an engineer.
Her mother Irit (née Weiss) is a teacher.
Gadot's maternal grandfather Abraham Weiss was a Holocaust survivor from Czechoslovakia.
She is descended from Ashkenazi Jews, with ancestry from the Levant and Southern Europe.
Her father's family  comprising of Palestinian Jews.
As a child, Gadot required speech therapy due to a speech disorder.
She was a skilled ballet, hip-hop and modern jazz dancer growing up, as well as a volleyball and tennis player.
She was a member of her high school's basketball team.
Gadot's first job was at Burger King.
From the age of 20, Gadot served for two years as a soldier of the Israel Defense Forces.
She did well in the three-month training.
Gadot says of her time in the army, "You give two or three years, and it's not about you.
You give your freedom away for a while.
You learn discipline and respect".
Israeli models
Kees Brusse (6 February 1925 – 9 December 2013) was a Dutch actor and movie director.
He appeared in 47 movie and television shows since 1936.
He starred in the 1975 movie Dokter Pulder zaait papavers.
It was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival.
Kees Brusse at Virtual History
Jim Hall's official website
Jim Hall's fan website
"In Conversation with Jim Hall"  by Patrick Spurling (Jazz.com )
Donald Andrew Lund (May 18, 1923 – December 10, 2013) was a backup outfielder in Major League Baseball.
He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers (1945, 1947, 1948[start]), St. Louis Browns (1948[end]) and Detroit Tigers (1949–1954).
Baseball Library Entry for Don Lund
Vintage Card Traders 1954 Series Don Lund Card
Rossana Podestà (20 June 1934 – 10 December 2013) was an Italian actress.
She was known for her roles in Ulysses and Helen of Troy.
She was born in Tripoli, in the Italian colony of Libya on 20 June 1934.
She was married to Walter Bonatti until his death in 2011.
Podestà died from brain cancer in Rome, Italy, aged 79.
1950: Strano appuntamento
1951: Domani è un altro giorno
1951: The Seven Dwarfs to the Rescue
1952: Il moschettiere fantasma
1955: Ulysses
1958: Helen of Troy
1964: Le ore nude
1974: The Sensual Man
1985: Segreti, segreti
Lino Grech (1930 – 1 December 2013) was a Maltese actor, writer, activist and director.
He was known for his roles in Final Justice (1985), Black Eagle (1988) and A Fine Romance (1989).
Grech was born in Sliema.
Lino Grech died on the night of 1 December 2013, aged 83, at the Mater Dei Hospital in Msida from prostate cancer.
He is survived by his wife and his two children.
His funeral took place on 4 December.
His career began in 1975 with stage work.
He translated works done by Arthur Miller and by Lope de Vega.
Grech was noted for his role on the television drama F'Bahar Wiehed (1970s).
It was the first Maltese-language television series, which broadcast on TVM.
Greech also directed and wrote stage works.
Grech wanted to strengthen the theatrical and television works in Malta.
In the 1990s, he wrote episodes for television shows such as Hypocrites, Simpatiċi, The Family Grech, and Now We See.
Besides acting, Grech was a labor union activist.
He led one of the longest strikes on workers' rights in Maltese history.
Maltese activists
Brian Hitchen, CBE (8 July 1936 – 2 December 2013) was a British newspaper editor.
Late in his career, he worked as a publisher.
Kallas died following a long battle of lung cancer on 2 December 2013, aged 77, in Damascus.
He left behind him; his wife, his son and his five daughters.
His burial took place on the following day, 3 December.
Horst Christian Simco, better known as Riff Raff, is a rapper, singer and songwriter from Texas.
He joined the band The Neighborhood in 2013.
His second album Neon Icon is going to be released by Mad Decent in January 2014.
2 Chainz, Drake, Snoop Dogg, and Juicy J worked on the album with Riff Raff.
The Golden Alien (2012)
Neon Icon (2014)
¡Three Loco! (
2012) (with Andy Milonakis & Dirt Nasty as Three Loco)
Jumpin Out The Gym (2013) (with DollaBillGates)
Galaxy Gladiators (2014) (with Action Bronson)
The Texas Tornado (2009)
Never Ending Saturday (2009)
Party McHardy (2010)
Rookie of The Future (2010)
The Freestyle Scientist (2010)
Hilton Swag Vol.
Sour & Gun Powder (2011)
Purple Haze & Hand Grenades (with Lean Team) (2011)
Rap Game Bon Jovi (2012)
Summer of Surf (2012)
Birth of an Icon (2012)
Hologram Panda (with Dame Grease) (2012)
Neon Vibes (with Harry Fraud) (2013)
Johan Wilhelm van Hulst (January 28, 1911 – March 22, 2018) was a Dutch retired politician.
He served as Member of the Senate from July 3, 1956 until June 10, 1981.
He was the Parliamentary leader of the Christian Historical Union in the Senate from December 10, 1968 until June 8, 1977 when the Christian Historical Union merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal.
Dr. J.W. (Johan) van Hulst (Parlement & Politiek)
Dr. J.W. van Hulst (CDA) (Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal)
Christian Historical Union politicians
MEPs for the Netherlands
Clyde Jackson Browne (born October 9, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and musician.
He has sold over 18 million albums in the United States alone.
People know him for his songs "These Days", "The Pretender", "Running on Empty", "Lawyers in Love", "Doctor My Eyes", "Take It Easy", "For a Rocker", and "Somebody's Baby".
Browne was born in Heidelberg, Germany on October 9, 1948 to an American family.
He was raised in Los Angeles.
Jackson Browne (1972)
For Everyman (1973)
Late for the Sky (1974)
The Pretender (1976)
Running on Empty (1977)
Hold Out (1980)
Lawyers in Love (1983)
Lives in the Balance (1986)
World in Motion (1989)
I'm Alive (1993)
Looking East (1996)
The Naked Ride Home (2002)
Time the Conqueror (2008)
Standing in the Breach (2014)
Wilson & Alroy's reviews of Jackson Browne recordings
All Music Guide Overview of Jackson Browne, including album reviews
Silvio Arturo Zavala Vallado (February 7, 1909 – December 5, 2014) was a Mexican historian.
He was an expert in law studies and Mexico's history.
Zavala born in Mérida, Yucatán on February 7, 1909.
He studied at the National University of Mexico and at the University of Madrid.
Zavala obtained a Ph.D. in law from the latter.
He began his professional career in Spain in the Center for Historic Studies in Madrid.
Moonwalker, also known as Michael Jackson: Moonwalker, is an American movie.
It was released in 1988 in theatres in Europe and South America.
The movie is a collection of eight short films about Michael Jackson.
It is 93 minutes long.
It made US$67,000,000 at box offices.
On January 10, 1989, it was released on video on the United States and Canada.
The video had sold more than 800,000 copies in the U.S. by April 17, 1989.
The movie is named after a dance move that Jackson did called the moonwalk.
John Lennon's son Sean is in the movie.
Jackson executive produced Moonwalker.
In 1989, Blackthorne Publishing made the movie into a comic book called Moonwalker 3-D.
The Apollo Lunar Module (LM) is the spidery-looking landing vehicle on the moon.
It was built for the US Apollo program to carry a crew of two from lunar orbit to the surface and back.
The LM was the last of the Apollo “hardware” to be developed.
Its start had been delayed while NASA made up its mind to take the lunar-orbit meeting approach and thus require a vehicle like the LM for a landing.
A contract with the prime builder was signed on January, 1963, almost two years after the Apollo project began.
The LM was tested several times in space.
Finally, on July 20, 1969 the Apollo 11 LM Eagle made the first manned lunar landing.
As Apollo missions progressed, Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16, 17 had lunar landings using their LMs.
Apollo 13 had a terribly dangerous accident when an oxygen tank exploded.
The Apollo 13 Lunar module, called Aquarius, played an unexpected role in saving the lives of the three astronauts after the explosion.
Descent stage
This was the unmanned lower part of the LM.
it looked like octagonal-shaped.
It was made of aluminum alloy and had four legs for landing.
It had a descent rocket engine, and batteries and various supplies and scientific equipment to be used when landing on the moon and during the astronauts’ stay on the moon.
To land on the moon, the descent engine would be fired to begin the LM’s drop from  out in lunar orbit down toward the moon.
LM could descend vertically and hover above the surface of moon.
After the two men finished their stay on the surface, the ascent stage, sitting on the descent stage, would use its ascent engine firing to lift itself off the moon.
Ascent stage
To save weight, there were no seats for the men.
They would stand, loosely held in place by straps.
In front and on either side of them were control panels for the LM’s guidance, communication, environment and propulsion systems.
On the left side, there was a window by which commander could look out to steer the LM.
Overhead in the middle section was the  of diameter hatch where the astronauts transferred to and from the Command Module when two vehicles were linked.
LM’s ascent rocket to meet Command Module was below the deck of the midsection.
Although ascent rocket was small, it was sufficient because the moon’s weak gravity – one-sixth that of earth’s – meant that the LM would not require a strong push to rise from the lunar surface.
First flight of Lunar Module
On Monday, January 22, 1968, a 16-ton unmanned Lunar Module surrounded by a protective shield stood on top of a two-stage Saturn 1-B rocket called Apollo 5.
This flight was made to do two important tests.
One was to check separating stage from main rocket.
The second was to check test firing of the descent engine, but this mission did not succeed.
The Apollo 5 test ended after eight hours, and the LM remained in earth orbit.
It eventually dropped into the atmosphere and burned up.
Apollo Command/Service Module
50 Years Ago: The Apollo Lunar Module
Google Moon overview of Apollo landing sites
NASA catalog: Apollo 14 Lunar Module
Demonstration of the Lunar Excursion Module and explanation of its systems
Space/Craft Assembly & Test Remembered
We Called It 'The Bug' ,
Apollo 11 LM Structures handout for LM-5 (PDF)
Apollo Operations Handbook, Lunar Module (LM 10 and Subsequent), Volume One.
Subsystems Data (PDF)
Apollo Operations Handbook, Lunar Module (LM 11 and Subsequent), Volume Two.
Apollo 15 LM Activation Checklist for LM-10
Lunar module launch  video
Le Mont-Saint-Michel (; ) is an island and commune in Normandy, France.
It is in the Manche department.
It is located about one kilometre () from the country's northwestern coast.
It is at the mouth of the Couesnon River near Avranches.
It is  in size and it has a population of 44 (2009).
People that live there are called the Montois.
The island has had strategic fortifications since ancient times.
The name Mont-Saint-Michel comes from the monastery built there in the eighth century AD.
The way in which the town is built is an example of how feudal society worked.
At the top there is God, the abbey and monastery.
Below this, there are the great halls, then stores and houses.
At the bottom, outside the walls, there are the houses of fishermen and farmers.
Mont-Saint-Michel is one of France's most famous landmarks.
The island and its bay are part of the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
Every year, more than 3 million people visit it.
In prehistoric times, the Mont was on dry land.
It is now a rocky tidal island.
Sea levels became higher and erosion changed the landscape of the coast.
Several layers of granite or granulite came to the surface in the bay.
These layers of rock resisted the damage by the ocean better than the other rocks around them.
These included Lillemer, the Mont-Dol, Tombelaine (a small island just to the north), and Mont Tombe, which later became Mont-Saint-Michel.
The mount has a circumference of about 960 metres (3,150 ft).
It is 92 metres (301 ft) above sea level at its highest point.
The difference between the high and low water marks is about .
Medieval pilgrims who crossed the flat land sometimes called the mount "St. Michael in peril of the sea".
Today, it can still be dangerous for visitors who do not use the causeway.
It can be a risk to walk across the sands from the opposite coast.
This is because of quicksand.
Polderisation and occasional flooding have created salt marsh meadows.
They are ideal for sheep.
The meat has a good flavour because of the sheep's diet.
The pré salé (salt meadow, in French) is home to agneaux de pré-salé (salt meadow lamb).
This is made into a local specialty (a famous type of food).
The local lamb is sometimes on the menus of restaurants in the area.
Tidal island
Before 2013, Mont-Saint-Michel was linked to the mainland with a tidal causeway.
It was a path covered at high tide and shown at low tide.
This connection changed over the centuries.
The coastal flats (the sand) have been polderised to make pastureland.
This means Mont-Saint-Michel became closer to the coast.
The Couesnon River was canalised.
This helped make the flow of water similar every time the tide rises or falls.
However, it developed a silting-up of the bay.
In 1879, the tidal causeway was changed into a raised, dry causeway.
This stopped the tide from cleaning the silt around the mount.
On 16 June 2006, the French prime minister and regional authorities announced a €164 million project (Projet Mont-Saint-Michel).
The wanted to build a hydraulic dam using the waters of the river Couesnon and of tides.
This would help remove all of the silt deposited by the rising tides.
It would make Mont-Saint-Michel an island again.
The construction of the dam began in 2009.
It was completed in 2013.
The project was also to remove the causeway and its visitor car-park.
The new car-park is on the mainland.
It is about two kilometres () from the island.
Visitors can use small shuttle buses to cross the causeway.
The bridge is also open to pedestrians and vehicles without a motor.
Architect Dietmar Feichtinger designed the bridge.
It opened to the public on 22 July 2014.
The bridge lets the waters go freely around the island.
It makes the dam more efficient.
The project cost €209 million, €45 million more than planned.
President François Hollande officially opened the bridge.
Sometimes, weather conditions make the tide very high.
This is called a "supertide".
For example, the sea completely covered the new bridge on 21 March 2015.
It was the highest sea level for at least 18 years.
Many people travelled to Mont-Saint-Michel to take photos.
Mont-Saint-Michel was an Armorican stronghold of Gallo-Roman culture in the sixth and seventh centuries.
In the seventh century, the Franks took the mount.
From about the fifth to the eighth century, Mont-Saint-Michel was part of a region called Neustria.
At the start of the ninth century, it was an important place in the marches of Neustria.
Before the eighth century, the island was called Mont Tombe ().
The Catholic Church built the first religious building in the eighth century, and the mount became Mont-Saint-Michel.
According to legend, the Archangel Michael appeared in 708 to St. Aubert, the bishop of Avranches.
The angel told him to build a church on the mount.
Aubert didn't listen to the angel until Michael burned a hole in the bishop's skull with his finger.
The king of the Franks could not defend his kingdom against the attacks of the Vikings.
The king agreed to give the Cotentin peninsula and the Avranchin, including Mont-Saint-Michel, to the Bretons in the 867 Treaty of Compiègne.
For a short time, the mount belonged to the Bretons.
In effect, these lands and Mont-Saint-Michel never belonged to the duchy of Brittany.
They remained separate bishoprics from the newly created Breton archbishopric of Dol.
When Rollo named Franco as archbishop of Rouen, the diocese of Rouen took the lands and the mount.
They became part of Normandy once again, but not officially.
The mount became strategically important again in 933 when William "Long Sword" (the Duke of Normandy) annexed the Cotentin Peninsula from the weakened Dukes of Brittany.
This made the mount part of Normandy officially.
This is shown in the Bayeux Tapestry, which commemorates (helps remember) the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
The tapestry shows Harold, Earl of Wessex helping two Norman knights from the quicksand around Mont-Saint-Michel during a battle with Conan II, Duke of Brittany.
Norman dukes paid for the development of the abbey in the following centuries.
It became a good example of Norman architecture.
In 1067, the monastery of Mont-Saint-Michel gave its support to Duke William of Normandy in his claim to the throne of England.
William gave houses and grounds on the English side of the Channel as a reward.
These included a small island off the southwestern coast of Cornwall.
It became a Norman priory named St Michael's Mount of Penzance.
It looks similar to Mont-Saint-Michel.
During the Hundred Years' War, the English made many attacks on the island.
They were not able to take it due to the abbey's very good fortifications.
The English first attacked the mount in 1423, and then again in 1433.
Thomas Scalles was the leader of the English army.
Scalles left two wrought iron bombards when he stopped his attack.
They are still there today.
They are known as les Michelettes.
The resistance at Mont-Saint-Michel gave hope to the French, especially Joan of Arc.
When Louis XI of France founded the Order of Saint Michael in 1469, he wanted the church of Mont-Saint-Michel to become the chapel for the Order.
However, it was far from Paris so this was not possible.
The wealth and influence of the abbey helped other foundations, for example St Michael's Mount in Cornwall.
However, it started to become less popular as a centre of pilgrimage due to the Reformation.
At the time of the French Revolution, there were almost no monks living there.
The republicans closed the abbey.
It became a prison.
At first, this was to hold clerical enemies of the French republic.
Later, there were also important political prisoners at the mount.
In 1836, famous figures, such as Victor Hugo, started a campaign to restore the mount.
The prison closed in 1863, and the mount became a historic monument in 1874.
Mont-Saint-Michel and its bay became UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1979.
The factors for listing included cultural, historical, and architectural importance, as well as man-made and natural beauty.
Abbey design
In the 11th century, Richard II of Normandy chose an Italian architect called William de Volpiano to build the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel.
Volpiano had already built the Abbey of Fécamp, in Normandy.
He designed the Romanesque church of the abbey.
He chose to place the transept crossing at the top of the mount.
He also built a lot of crypts and chapels below the ground.
These are to support building above, because it is very heavy.
Today, Mont-Saint-Michel has a church of Romanesque style.
Robert de Thorigny was a great supporter of Henry II of England.
Henry was also Duke of Normandy at this time.
Thorigny made the structure of the buildings stronger.
He also built the main façade of the church in the 12th century.
In 1204, the Breton Guy de Thouars, a friend of the King of France, attacked the mount with an army.
He set fire to the village and killed lots of people.
However, he had to retreat (leave) under the powerful walls of the abbey.
The fire extended to the buildings, and the roofs burnt.
Philip Augustus, Thorigny's friend, was unhappy about the cruel actions and the destruction.
He offered Abbot Jourdain some money to build a new Gothic-style architectural set.
The abbot added the refectory (dining room) and cloister.
Charles VI added big fortifications to the abbey-mount.
He also added building towers and courtyards, and he made the ramparts stronger.
The islet is part of the French commune of Mont-Saint-Michel.
It is in the department of Manche, in Normandy.
As of 2009, 44 people live there.
The nearest large town, with a train station, is Pontorson.
Mont-Saint-Michel is part of the Organization of World Heritage Cities.
Mont-Saint-Michel is also the subject of a traditional rivalry between Normans and Bretons.
Bretons say that the Couesnon River marks the limit between Normandy and Brittany.
It is only because the river has changed its course over the centuries that the mount is on the Norman side.
This legend amuses the area's inhabitants.
They state that the border is not located on the Couesnon river.
They say it is on the mainland,  to the west, at the foot of the solid mass of Saint-Brelade.
</ref> Other counts are from annual population surveys.
|source= EHESS and Insee
Up to 20,000 people a day visit the city in July and August.
Among the 43 inhabitants (2006), 5 were monks and 7 nuns.
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan.
Itsukushima Shrine is also an island-temple and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mont-Saint-Michel has historical links with St Michael's Mount in Cornwall, UK.
Edward the Confessor gave it to the Benedictines of Mont-Saint-Michel in the 11th century.
Historical monument
61 buildings of Mont-Saint-Michel are on the list of historical monuments.
They were added from 1928 to today.
French composer Claude Debussy went to the island.
He was maybe inspired by the legend of the mythical city of Ys and Mont-Saint-Michel's cathedral for his piano prelude La Cathedrale Engloutie.
1950 : The Elusive Pimpernel by Powell and Pressburger.
1991 : Mindwalk
2003 : Mont-Saint-Michel was the inspiration for the design of Minas Tirith in the film The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
Renaissance Mont-Saint-Michel is a playable multiplayer map in the video game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (2010), and Assassin's Creed: Revelations (2011) by Ubisoft Montreal.
2013 : Mont-Saint-Michel was the end of the stage 11 of the Tour de France.
The stage was a time trial.
Carolingian architecture
La Mère Poulard
Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)
Mont-Saint-Michel Celebrates 1,300 yrs of History
Official Mont-Saint Michel Tourist site (English version)
A visit to Mont St. Michel
Virtual recreation of Mont St. Michel in Second Life
Pano at 360° of Mont St Michel
INSEE population figures
Islands of France
The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy was given the code name Operation Grapeshot.
It was the Allied attack by Fifth United States Army and British 8th Army into the Lombardy Plain.
It started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of German forces in Italy.
The Allies had done their previous major attack on the Gothic Line in August 1944.
The British 8th Army attacked up the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
The U.S. 5th Army attacked through the central Apennine Mountains.
They managed to break through the Gothic Line defences.
But they failed to get into the Lombardy Plains before the winter weather stopped them.
They had a hard time in the cold winter weather.
They planned to attack again in the spring.
Harold Alexander was promoted to Field Marshal.
He was made the Allied Supreme Commander Mediterranean on 12 December.
In the spring, the problems of getting troops continued.
The 15th Army Group had 1,334,000 men with Eighth Army having 632,980 men and Fifth Army 266,883.
Against them were 21 much weaker German divisions and 4 Italian divisions, a total of 25.
Clark made his plan on 18 March.
He wanted destroy the maximum number of enemy forces, cross the Po and capture Verona.
The Eighth Army was to go north west to capture Ferrara and Bondeno.
The U.S. Fifth Army was to go past Bologna to surround German forces south of the Po.
The Fifth Army was to go west towards Ostiglia.
Next, the Allies would capture bridge across the Po and go north.
The Fifth Army plan (Operation Craftsman) aimed to pull German reserves away from Route 65.
II Corps would then attack.
In the first week of April, attacks were launched on the right and left of the Allied lines.
The goal was to draw German reserves away from the main attacks to come.
Axis forces had to use sea, canal and river routes for supply.
Axis shipping was being attacked in bombing raids.
The main attack started on 6 April with an artillery bombing of the Senio defenses.
On 9 April, 825 heavy bombers dropped bombs near the Senio.
From 15:20 to 19:10, artillery was fired.
As well, 28 Churchill Crocodiles and 127 Wasp flamethrower vehicles were sent out.
By 12 April, the 8th Indian Division was on the far side of the Santerno.
The British 78th Division moved to attack Argenta.
The U.S. 5th Army began its attack on 14 April.
First, there was a bombing by 2,000 heavy bombers and 2,000 artillery pieces.
Then troops attacked.
By 20 April both corps had broken through the German defences and reached the Po valley.
10th Mountain Division went north.
By 19 April, the British 6th Armoured Division was moving to surround the German armies defending Bologna.
Bondeno was captured on 23 April.
Bologna was entered on 21 April.
U.S. IV Corps reached the river Po at on 22 April.
They went north to Verona which they entered on 26 April.
British V Corps entered Padua on 29 April.
Partisans had captured the German garrison of 5,000.
Secret surrender talks between the Germans and Western Allies were held in Switzerland (Operation Crossword) in March.
The Soviets did not like that the Western Allies were trying to arrange a surrender that did not include the Soviets.
On 29 April, the Germans surrendered.
Battles involving Poland
Hallasan is one of Korea's three most sacred mountains.
It is on Jeju-do, the southernmost island of Republic of Korea.
It is 1,950m tall.
On the top of Hallasan, there is a crater called Baek Rok Dam.
It was an active volcano until about 25,000 years ago.
It is now dormant.
Hallasan is made of basalt, a type of black rock that is produced by volcanoes.
It extends east to west.
The south side of Hallasan is very steep.
The slope of the north side is gentle.
The east and south are relatively high but smooth.
Eorimok covers a total of 6.8km and takes about three hours for a one way trip.
Yeongsil is a 3.7km foot trail from Yeongsil Resting Area to Witsae-oreum Shelter.
A one-way trip takes 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Seongpanak trail is a 9.6km course and it takes about four and half hours for a one-way hike.
Gwaneumsa trail is 8.7km long and takes 5 hours for a one-way trip.
Donnaeko trail covers 7 km and takes about 3 hours and 30 minutes for a one-way trip.
Eoseungsaengak trail is 1.3km long and a one-way trip takes 30 minutes.
The 1.5-kilometer Seokgulam Trail takes about 50 minutes one away to Seokgulam hermitage.
Hallasan has subtropical plants, warm-climate plants, and subarctic plants.
In spring, there royal azalea, and yellow rape.
There are also maple trees.
In winter, the mountain is covered with snow.
There are deer, which are the symbol of Hallasan.
The ever-changing colors of the scenery make people admire the beauty of nature, and this is why Hallasan was selected as a national park on March 24 1970.
All of Jeju Volcanic Island was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.
During the last week in January, there is a snow-flower festival in Hallasan.
Hallasan, Doosanpedia
Hallasan official website
Hallasan, Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
Aleqa Hammond (born 23 September 1965) is a Greenlandic politician.
She was the leader of the Siumut party and also the country's first female Prime Minister after her party emerged as the largest in the 2013 elections.
Juan Vicente Torrealba Discography (partial)
Arnoldo Foà (24 January 1916 – 11 January 2014) was an Italian movie actor.
He has appeared in more than 130 movie since 1938.
He was born in Ferrara, Italy.
Jacque Fresco (March 13, 1916 – May 18, 2017) was an American self-taught structural designer, architectural designer, concept artist, educator, and futurist.
Fresco wrote and lectured his views concerning sustainable cities, energy efficiency, natural-resource management, cybernetic technology, advanced automation, and the role of science in society.
– The Venus Project
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (May 19, 1860 – December 1, 1952) was an Italian diplomat and political figure.
He was born in Palermo, Sicily.
His father, a landed gentleman, delayed venturing out to register his son's birth for fear of Giuseppe Garibaldi's 1,000 patriots who had just stormed into Sicily on the first leg of their march to build an Italian nation.
Arlacchi, Pino (1988).
Mafia Business.
The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
Dickie, John (2004).
Cosa Nostra.
A history of the Sicilian Mafia, London: Coronet,
Lauren, Paul G. (1988).
Power And Prejudice: The Politics And Diplomacy Of Racial Discrimination, Boulder (CO): Westview Press,
Axel Gabriel Erik Mørch better known as Gabriel Axel (18 April 1918 – 9 February 2014) was a Danish movie director, actor, writer and producer.
He is best known for the movie Babette's Feast (1987).
He wrote and directed this movie.
He won an Academy Award for it.
Danish screenwriters
During its televised history in the United States it was shown on The CW during its Vortexx Saturday morning block.
It was centered around being more family-friendly and targeted towards children.
The show ran from August 25, 2012 to May 11, 2013.
The show was cancelled because of creative differences between both the WWE and Saban Brands.
Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland Oregon.
Reed was begun in 1908 and had its first classes in 1911.
Reed is an undergraduate school.
An unusually high number of Reed's students go on to get Ph.
D.s after they graduate.
Reed is the only private undergraduate school to have a nuclear reactor.
Tuition at Reed is about $44,200 a year.
Reed is secular, meaning the school is not part of a religion.
The school does not do very many NCAA sports, and it does not have any fraternities or sororities.
Reed students are called "Reedies".
Students are often called nonconformists.
As a joke, some students say the motto of the school is "Communism, Atheism, Free Love".
Bud Clark - Mayor of Portland from 1985 to 1992.
Richard Danzig - 71st United States Secretary of the Navy
Steve Jobs - Helped start Apple Inc. and Pixar
Hope Lange - Actress who won an Emmy Award
Larry Sanger - Helped start Wikipedia
Kevin Matthew Fertig (born January 17, 1977) is an American professional wrestler.
He is best known for working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring names, Mordecai and Kevin Thorn.
In January 2009, he was offered a new contract with WWE, but turned it down.
WWE announced that he was released from contract by request on January 9, even though his contract did not end until April 5 which prevented him from wrestling for other promotions.
Frontier Elite Wrestling
FEW Heavyweight Championship (five times, current)
FEW Deadman's Heavyweight Championship (three times)
MCW Hardcore Championship (one time)
MCW Southern Heavyweight Championship (one time)
MCW Southern Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Trash)
Memphis Wrestling Southern Heavyweight Championship (two times)
OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Travis Bane)
Big Hero 6 is an American computer animated supehero buddy comedy movie based on the Marvel Comics superhero comic that has the same name.
It was released on November 5, 2014 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
The movie grossed over $651.8 million worldwide making it the highest-grossing animated movie of 2014, it also won the 87th Oscars for best animated feature.
The movie is about a boy named Hiro.
and it is a 53rd movie.
He lives in the city of San Fransokyo (a mixture of Tokyo and San Francisco).
He changes himself and his friends into high-tech heroes to protect the city.
One of his friends is Baymax, a robot created by Tadashi (Hiro's brother).
Baymax's only purpose is to take care of people.
2014 animated movies
"Lost" is a song from Frank Ocean, from his album Channel Orange.
It is about a girl who does drugs and feels lost.
It is an R&B and pop song.
"Pyramids" is a song by Frank Ocean.
It is from the album Channel Orange.
The song is about a pimp who falls in love with one of his prostitutes.
It is an R&B and electronica song.
It is almost 10 minutes long.
Songs about prostitutes
The Allied invasion of Sicily was code-named Operation Husky.
It was a major battle of World War II.
The Allies captured Sicily from the Axis Powers (Italy and Nazi Germany).
It was a big sea and air operation, followed by six weeks of land fighting.
It started the Italian Campaign.
It was followed by the Allied invasion of Italy.
Husky began on the night of 9–10 July 1943, and ended 17 August.
Husky achieved the goals of the Allies.
The Allies removed Axis air, land and naval forces from the island.
The plan for Operation Husky called for the sea attack of the island by two armies.
One would land on the South Eastern coast.
Another would land on the central Southern Coast.
The attack would be helped by naval gunfire and bombing.
The commander was the American General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
The Allied land forces were from the American, British and Canadian armies.
They were put into two groups.
The Eastern Task Force was led by General Bernard Montgomery.
The Western Task Force was commanded by Lieutenant General George S. Patton.
In addition to the sea landings, airborne troops were to be flown in.
They would capture bridges and high ground.
The island was defended by the two corps of Italian 6th Army under General Alfredo Guzzoni.
In early July the total Axis force in Sicily was about 200,000 Italian and 32,000 German troops, and 30,000 Luftwaffe ground staff.
By late July there were 70,000 German troops.
At the Casablanca Conference in January 1943, political leaders and the military leaders of the US and Britain met to discuss future plans.
The British wanted an invasion of Sicily.
General Eisenhower was made Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces.
Preparatory operations
Once the Axis forces had been defeated in Tunisia, the Allied bombers attacked the airfields of Sardinia, Sicily and southern Italy.
They also bombed industrial targets in southern Italy and the ports of Naples, Messina, Palermo and Cagliari.
To distract the Axis, the Allies did several trick operations.
The most famous was Operation Mincemeat.
The British allowed a corpse disguised as a British officer to drift ashore in Spain, carrying a briefcase with fake secret documents.
These stated that the Allies were planning to invade Greece and Sardinia, and had no plans to invade Sicily.
The Germans thought the documents were real.
The Germans moved much of their defences from Sicily to Greece.
Two British and two American attacks by airborne forces were done on the night of 9–10 July.
They wanted to capture the bridge over the River Anape.
Strong wind made them land in the wrong places.
Airborne troops attacked patrols.
A platoon captured the bridge and fought off counterattacks for a few hours.
The strong winds made the sea landings hard.
Landings were made on 10 July on twenty-six main beaches.
Alexander's plan was to establish his forces on a line between Licata in and Catania.
He wanted to capture ports.
"Cleanin' Out My Closet" is a serious song by Eminem from the album The Eminem Show.
Its lyrics are dealing with how people protest against his lyrics, his father abandoning his family and his mother's drug use.
"On My Level" is a song by Wiz Khalifa featuring Too $hort.
It is a dark song about partying and smoking.
It is from his album Rolling Papers.
The Siege of Odessa was a siege battle during World War II.
It was part of the Eastern Front area of operations in 1941.
It was done by Romanian forces and the German Army's (Wehrmacht Heer) 11th Army (11.
Armee).
They attacked the city of Odessa in the Soviet Union.
Due to the strong fighting of the 9th Independent Army (initially) and the Separate Coastal Army, and the Black Sea Fleet forces in Odessa, it took the Romanian army 73 days of siege and four attacks to capture the city.
They had 93,000 casualties.
The Red Army had 41,000 casualties.
Some historians say the Red Army had 60,000 casualties.
They thought the city would surrender quickly.
However, Odessa was a heavily fortified city.
It had trenches, anti-tank ditches, pillboxes and other defences.
Overall, the Red Army had some 34,500 men and 240 artillery pieces in the area.
Airplanes included two seaplane squadrons and one bomber squadron.
The Romanian 4th Army planned to attack Odessa.
The 5th Corps would go north then turn south.
On 9 August, the 4th Dorobanti Regiment defeated the Soviet forces in the Bakalovy area.
The 30th Dorobanţi Regiment captured the village of Ponyatovka.
The 10th Dorobanţi Regiment beat the Soviet forces at Lozovaya.
The 4th Army surrounded Odessa.
On 17 August, Romanian troops capturing Odessa's water reservoirs.
The Soviet forces fought hard.
There were many losses on both sides.
By 24 August, the Romanians were stopped at the Soviets' main line of defense.
The 4th Army already
On 28 August, the Romanians attacked again.
They had help from a German assault battalion and ten heavy artillery battalions.
A German force came to help the Romanians.
The Soviets also received 15,000 men and ammunition.
Then the 157th Rifle Division arrived with 12,600 troops.
Also, 18 Soviet companies were brought in from Novorossiysk.
Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas,
19 is the first album by Adele.
It was released on 28 January 2008.
It went straight to number one in the United Kingdom's record charts.
The album was produced by Jim Abbiss, Mark Ronson, and Eg White.
"Make You Feel Me Love"
"Hometown Glory"
The Allied invasion of Italy was the invasion of mainland Italy by the Allies during World War II.
The Allies landed on the mainland on 3 September 1943.
The invasion followed the successful invasion of Sicily during the Italian Campaign.
The invasion was done by General Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group.
This included Lieutenant General Mark Clark's U.S. Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army.
The main invasion force landed near Salerno on the western coast in Operation Avalanche.
Two other attacks were done in Calabria (Operation Baytown) and Taranto (Operation Slapstick).
Allied plan
Following the defeat of the Axis Powers in North Africa, there was disagreement between the Allies as to what to do next.
Winston Churchill wanted to invade Italy.
When they realized that no invasion could be done in 1943, they decided to invade Sicily.
The Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 was successful.
Many of the Axis forces managed to avoid capture and escape to the mainland.
Benito Mussolini was removed as head of the Italian government.
Operation Baytown was the plan in which Eighth Army would land near the tip of Calabria on 3 September 1943.
The Allies sent the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment to airfields near Rome.
The main landings (Operation Avalanche) were on 9 September.
The main force would land near Salerno on the western coast.
The Avalanche plan was for the Fifth Army to land.
On the German side, Albert Kesselring realized he could not stop the Salerno landing.
On 3 September 1943, British Eighth Army's XIII Corps launched Operation Baytown.
Italian troops surrendered.
On 4 September, 5 Division reached Bagnara.
Progress was slow as blown up bridges, roadblocks and mines delayed Eighth Army.
Heinrich von Vietinghoff's 10th Army was ready to attack the Allied landings.
On 8 September (before the main invasion), the surrender of Italy to the Allies was announced.
Italian troops stopped fighting and the Navy sailed to Allied ports to surrender.
The German forces in Italy moved into important defensive positions.
Operation Slapstick started on 9 September.
Operation Avalanche was the main invasion at Salerno by the U.S. 5th Army.
It began on 9 September 1943.
Major General Rudolf Sieckenius commander of 16th Panzer Division had organised his forces into four groups.
By the end of the first day the 5th Army had made a good start.
X Corps' two divisions had moved between  inland.
For the next three days, the Allies fought to get more beach territory.
The Germans defended.
By 12 September, X Corps had taken a defensive position.
On 13 September, the Germans launched their attack.
The Herman Göring battle groups attacked the northern part of the beach.
The main attack was between the two Allied Corps.
On 15 September 16th Panzer Division and 29th Panzergrenadier Division took up defensive positions.
On 15 September, Kesselring said the attack by XIV Panzer Corps must be successful.
If this failed, Tenth Army must pull back from the battle.
On 14 September, the Allies advanced.
By 16 September 5th, the Infantry Division had reached Sapri.
The Germans decided to pull out of the battle.
They withdrew on 18/19 September.
The Salerno battle was where the Salerno Mutiny happened.
About 500 men of the British X Corps refused to join new units.
Eventually the corps commander, McCreery, got about half of the men to follow their orders.
The rest were court-martialled.
Our Version of Events is the first album by Emeli Sandé.
The album was released on 13 February 2012 by Virgin Records.
Pablo Ruiz (singer) (born 1975), Argentine singer
Pablo Ruiz Barrero (born 1981), Spanish footballer
WWF No Mercy is a professional wrestling video game developed by Asmik Ace Entertainment and AKI Corporation and published by THQ.
The game was released on the Nintendo 64.
It was released on November 17, 2000 in North America and on December 15, 2000 in Europe.
It is a sequel to the 1999 video game, WWF WrestleMania 2000.
IGN rated the game a 9 out of 10 and said "No Mercy is a terrific game from top to bottom.
The game mechanics are sound, the animation is fantastic, the characters are very responsive and there's a tremendous amount of game modes.”
IGN rated the game a 8.5 out of 10 saying "The control mechanics, already solidly grapple-heavy and speedy, are made more intuitive still by a strategic synergy between stamina and submission systems, and complemented again by a fun momentum shift.
The result is a wrestling game with less button mashing and more strategy."
Day of Reckoning 2
The Battle of Gemmano was a battle fought between the German and Allied forces in World War II.
It was part of the Allies' Operation Olive, the attack in August 1944 on the Gothic Line.
This was the German line of defence in the Apennines in northern Italy.
It consisted of a series of four British attacks between 4 September to 15 September 1944.
The British attacked the German defences in and around the village of Gemmano.
The village was captured on 9 September during the second attack.
Two more attacks were required to capture the surrounding area.
Fighting was heavy.
The Battle of Gemmano has been called the "Cassino of the Adriatic" by some historians.
The Battle of Garfagnana () was known to the Germans as Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) and nicknamed the "Christmas Offensive" (Italian: Offensiva di Natale).
It was an attack of Axis forces on the western sector of the Gothic Line during World War II.
It happened in December 1944 in the north Tuscan Apennines, near Massa and Lucca.
In late December 1944 the German 14th Army under General Kurt von Tippelskirch attacked the left side of the U.S. Fifth Army in the Serchio valley.
He wanted to make the U.S. forces stay there.
The Allies had ordered two brigades from Indian 8th Infantry Division to be moved to help the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division.
By the time they had arrived the Germans and Italians had captured Barga.
U.S. soldiers had intended to retreat to Lucca.
The German / Italian force stopped the attack and withdrew.
Barga was recaptured one week later by the New Year.
The western Gothic Line remained in place until late March 1945.
Benito Mussolini and his Defense Minister, Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, wanted to create an Italian Army.
They did not want this army to be under German control.
They wanted some of the newly created Italian Divisions to attack the Allies in the Italian peninsula.
They planned an attack in Garfagnana for two of their new Divisions.
There would be 40,000 men and airplanes.
Their goal was recapturing Lucca, Pisa and Livorno in Tuscany from the Allies.
But the Italians lacked arms, tanks and airplanes.
With 9,000 soldiers (mostly Italians), they attacked in Garfagnana a small area of the Gothic Line.
They wanted to move the Allies back .
Groups from the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division moved near Garfagnana sector in November 1944.
They did not
On 26 December, several RSI military did the "Operation Winter Storm" (Wintergewitter) attacks with three German battalions.
This was a German and Italian attack against the American 92nd Infantry Division.
A total of 9,100 Axis troops (of which 66% were Italians), with 100 artillery pieces but no tanks attacked.
There were 18,000 Allied troops with 140 artillery batteries and 120 tanks.
Their goal was to capture the small towns of Barga, Sommocolonia, Vergemoli, Treppignana, Coreglia, Fornaci di Barga, Promiana, Castelvecchio and Calomini.
These were all north-west of Lucca.
By 27 December the attack was over.
In the morning, the German troops entered Pian di Coreglia.
The next morning, the Axis troops occupied Piano di Coreglia.
The Axis troops got more than 25 kilometres inside the Allies lines.
Nadir Afonso, GOSE (December 4, 1920 – December 11, 2013) was a Portuguese geometric painter.
He painted abstract art.
He wanted to be in architecture, which he practiced early in his career with Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer.
Afonso later studied painting in Paris and became one of the experts in Kinetic art.
He worked alongside Victor Vasarely, Fernand Léger, Auguste Herbin, and André Bloc.
Nadir Afonso Foundation website
Portuguese painters
Tirol-Choco () is a type of chocolate made in Japan.
It has been made since 2004.
Tyrol is an area of Austria.
When Tirol-Choco's president visited Austria, he decided to use the name to give his brand a fresh image.
Tirol-Choco is cheap.
It costs about 10 yen (10 cents) to 30 yen (30 cents).
It occurred on 2 December 1943 during World War II.
In the attack, 105 German Junkers Ju 88 bombers of Luftflotte 2  bombed ships from the Allied Italian campaign.
They sunk 27 cargo and transport ships and a schooner in Bari harbour.
The attack, which lasted one hour, destroyed the port.
Not It was not fixed until February 1944.
The attack was called the "Little Pearl Harbor".
The release of mustard gas from one of the cargo ships added to the deaths.