the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetius noted Roman military power was based on discipline, which makes military organizations organized.
The Roman way of war that Vegetius recorded had historical influences on military minds of people on Europe for a long time.
However, development of guns and artillery made military revolution that changed the art of war by the beginning of the modern age.
Political modernization after religious reform also made important influences to the way of war because states got larger political power to establish modern military forces.
The Napoleonic wars was caused by the changes in the way of war.
Napoleon Bonaparte, who was one of the most experienced and known generals in military history, made a new idea on how to win wars in the Napoleonic wars.
Considering the relations between force, space and time, Napoleon tried to attack the side and back of the enemy forces in battle through strategic movement and tactical surprise.
The Napoleonic way of war was to spread out forces by the coming chance of fight, and concentrate forces at the most important time.
This made it possible to win wars against the enemy even if his military force was weaker than the enemy force.
In this period, military theory made great progress.
Antoine Henri Jomini, who served under Napoleon, wrote Napoleonic art of war as military theory in his Summary of the Art of War.
Jomini said there are few rules in the science of war.
Jomini's theory gave reasons on how Napoleon won his wars by keeping the universal rule of war.
Clausewitz, who served under Prussia fighting against Napoleon in war, also explained the nature of war through scientific studies on the Napoleonic wars.
In his book On War, Clausewtiz said the nature of war has laws that policy controls military operations in war.
He also wrote that the mathematical model called law of number can be used to understand and how many results happen in a fight.
In the debate of whether attack or defense was the stronger military action, Clausewitz supported defense because defending forces are able to use positions in a battle.
Napoleonic military theory changed military minds in the Western world in the late 19th century.
Dennis Hart Mahan, who was in the United States army, was developed Napoleonic military art in his Elementary Treatise on Advanced Guard, Outposts, and Detachment Service of Troops and taught it in military school.
Alfred Thayer Mahan, his son, wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 and became a naval strategist based on the military theory of Jomini and Clausewitz.
In the Prussian army, Helmunth von Moltke lead studies of military theory, and made ideas of "Auftragstaktik" (mission tactics).
By Moltke's study, Prussia got theories on how to move forces faster in the field and showed evidence of this theory through victory in the Franco-Prussian War.
Alfred von Schlieffen, Prussian general and military theorist, made the plan of a two-front war against France and Russia, using fast strategic movement.
In France, Charles J. J. J. Ardant du Picq developed military theory in his Battle Studies from the point of mental part of war.
Ardnt du Picq thought military action is related to mental situations of military force.
During World War I and World War II, military scientists thought on the nature of total war.
In World War I, Germany's general Hindenburg Ludendorff supported the idea of total war, appealing total effort by all nations for war.
France's general Ferdinand Foch also said the victory depends on the will of the nation to fight the war.
In this war, John Frederick Charles Fuller, who served in British army, found armored warfare important in land operations, because old land tactics could not work under modern firepower.
In World War II, the air force started to develop as a military branch like the army and navy.
Its military meaning was founded by an Italian soldier Giulio Douhet suggesting the use of strategic bombing to destroy the capital cities and industrial areas, not only the front.
From the point of the naval view, aircraft can be used in sea battle with aircraft carriers.
Ozawa Jisaburo, who served in Japanese navy, made an idea to put aircraft carriers on the center of naval power.
The end of the World War II in 1945 was the beginning of the Cold War between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
It was necessary for military scientists to consider how to control nuclear weapons that superpowers developed in World War II.
The nuclear weapons changed the strategic condition of the possible war.
Military theorists had to consider how to avoid nuclear war and how to deal with nuclear strategy.
Bernard Brodie, a military scientist in the United States, suggested to change the purpose of the military forces to deterrence from victory in his book The Absolute Weapons.
The idea of deterrence is to control enemy nuclear attack by letting the enemy know his risk of nuclear counterattack.
Military science is no longer for military operations, but for the whole of the national security policy.
Basil Henry Liddell-Hart, British military strategist, also said the old idea of strategy is narrow to use in nuclear age.
His discovery was the idea of strategy can be used in matters of national security.
This kind of strategy called grand strategy, or national security strategy spread for military theorists today.
Brodie, B. 1959.
Strategy in the Missile Age.
M. Howard and P. Paret, trans.
Dupuy, T. N. 1992.
Understanding War: History and Theory of Combat.
London: Leo Cooper.
Freedman, R. D. 1994.
Jomini, A.-H. 1992.
G. H. Mendell and W. P. Lieut, trans.
London: Greenhill Books.
Liddell Hart, B. 1954.
Strategy: The Indirect Approach, 3rd edn.
Paret, P. 1986.
Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age.
Phillips, T. R. ed.
Roots of Strategy.
Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service.
Brian Pimental (born in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American veteran animator, storyboard artist, movie director and screenwriter.
He's best known for directing the 2006 classic Bambi II.
Brian started his career at Walt Disney Animation Studios as a trainee in Oliver & Company.
He became a story artist in Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin.
Then, he became one of the screenwriters for A Goofy Movie.
He got his first ASIFA award nomination.
His second nomination was for Tarzan.
Pimental first time directing was on Bambi II.
He won the ASIFA award for best non-theatrical movie.
In the movie, he also made the voices for the Groundhog and Porcupine.
Bambi II received mixed to positive reviews.
It has a rating of 60% in Rotten Tomatoes and an overall rating of 6.5 out of 10 in IMDb.
Brian was born in Massachusetts.
He earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree at the California Institute of the Arts.
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.
Pituitary tumors are generally divided into three kinds dependant upon their biological functioning: benign adenoma, invasive adenoma or carcinomas, with carcinomas accounting for 0.1% to 0.2%, appoximately 35% being invasive adenomas and most being benign adenomas.
Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all brain tumors and is thought to happen in about 17% to 25% of most people.
Non-invasive and non-secreting pituitary adenomas are considered to be benign [harmless]; but a recent large study (Fernández-Balsells, et al.
2011) has shown there are few studies to prove if this is true or not.
Adenomas that are bigger than  are called macroadenomas, and those smaller than 10 mm are called microadenomas.
Most pituitary adenomas are microadenomas.
Most pituitary microadenomas often remain undiagnosed and those that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental finding [which means found by chance], and are called incidentalomas.
Invasive adenomas may invade the dura mater, cranial bone, or sphenoid bone.
It used to be thought that clinically active pituitary adenomas were rare but recent studies have suggested that they may affect about one in 1000 of the general population.
Skull bossing is when the bones of the skull become bigger than normal which most often occurs in the frontal bones beneath the forehead.
Skull bossing may happen from different medical conditions.
Frontal bossing
Frontal bossing is when the forehead becomes bigger than normal which may also make the brow ridge stick out more.
It happens when the frontal bone becomes bigger because of a medical condition.
This often happens when other facial bones of the skull become bigger too, as well as the jaw bone and the bones in the hands and feet.
Frontal bossing is usually seen in a few rare medical syndromes such as acromegaly - a chronic medical disorder in which the anterior pituitary  gland makes to much growth hormone (GH).
Turricephaly
Turricephaly often called "tower skull", may be caused by different medical conditions.
In some cases such as Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes, it is caused when sutures in the skull close before they are supposed to.
Medical disorders that may cause skull bossing
Basal cell nevus syndrome
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Crouzon syndrome
Hurler syndrome
Pfeiffer syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Russell-Silver syndrome (Russell-Silver dwarf)
Trimethadione (antiseizure drug) use during pregnancy
Beta-thalassemia (due to expansion of bone marrow secondary to increased hematopoiesis)
Crisis line organizations by country
The Trevor Project is an American nonprofit group started in 1998.
It offers help to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) young people who may be thinking of killing or hurting themselves.
They have a telephone number which is free to call for help and someone to talk to.
The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1-800-273-TALK is a network of help centers in the United States.
It tries to stop people from hurting themselves or committing suicide, and help them through counselling.
It is made up of 159 crisis centers in the United States.
It has a 24-hour telephone number that is free to call for people who feel like killing themselves or have big problems that they need to talk about with someone.
After dialing 1-800-273-TALK (8255), the person calling is connected to their nearest crisis center to get immediate counseling and referrals to local mental health services.
The Lifeline supports people who call for themselves or someone they care about.
On December 12, 2019, the US Federal Communications Commission approved a rule that will make 988 the official number for the Lifeline.
The 988 number is expected to be fully in place by mid-2021.
Kids Help Phone (), is a Canadian service for children and young people.
It provides counselling and information on the phone and the internet to children who may have problems that they need to talk about with someone.
The telephone number is free to call or the person may leave a post on the Kids Help Phone website.
John Soursby Glover, Jr. (born August 7, 1944) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor.
He is known for his roles in RoboCop 2, Scrooged, Batman & Robin, Gremlins 2: The New Batch, and in his television role as Lionel Luther in Smallville.
He won an Tony Award in 1995.
Glover was born in Kingston, New York on August 7, 1944.
He was raised in Salisbury, Maryland.
Glover studied at Wicomico High School and at Towson University.
Glover is openly gay.
He is partners with Adam Kurtzman since 1993.
John Glover official website
People from Kingston, New York
The Jed Foundation is a non-profit organization working to reduce the rate of suicide and emotional distress among college students.
It is the largest such effort in the United States.
It works with the government program, Suicide Prevention Resource Center, to develop and spread suicide prevention strategies.
The Jed Foundation was founded in 2000 by Donna and Phil Satow.
Their son Jed, a second year student at the University of Arizona, ended his life after struggling with college life.
The organization works with the Suicide Prevention Resource Center, set up in 2002 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The frontal bone or  os frontis is a bone in the front of the human skull.
The biggest part of the frontal bone is under the forehead.
The name comes from the Latin word frons (meaning "forehead").
It bone is made up of three joined parts.
Acromegaly is a medical condition that happens when the anterior (rear) pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone (GH), after a person has passed puberty.
If this happens before puberty it causes a condition known as gigantism.
A number of medical conditions may cause the pituitary gland to make too much growth hormone, but the most common cause is a tumor on the pituitary gland called a pituitary adenoma'
Acromegaly is most commonly diagnosed in middle aged adults, and can result in severe disfigurement, serious complicating conditions, and early death if not treated.
Acromegaly is hard to diagnose when it is just beginning.
It is usually not found  until 10–12 years after it starts.
This is when it causes changes in the way a person looks, especially their face.
Vision problems
Hirsutism (in women): the growth of hair on the face.
Frontal bossing: the bone underneath the forehead becomes bigger than normal.
Prognathism: part of the face sticks out more than normal usually the lower jaw.
Fatigue: the person is often tired.
Skin tags: Small wart-like growth on the skin which is not cancerous.
Hyperhidrosis: when a person sweats too much.
Bromhidrosis: Body odor
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of hands and feet
Colonic cancer
Nathan Lane (born Joseph Lane, February 3, 1956) is an American actor and writer who is known for his roles in Mousehunt and in The Lion King.
He won three Tony Awards, an Screen Actors Guild Award, an Emmy Award, and an Drama Desk Award.
In television, he is known for his roles in Modern Family, The Good Wife and The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story.
Lane won three Tony Awards for his stage roles in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, The Producers and for Angels in America.
Lane was born on February 3, 1956 in Jersey City, New Jersey.
He studied at St. Peter's Preparatory High School.
In 2015, Lane married Devlin Elliott.
Tara Lyn Strong (born Tara Lyn Charendoff, born February 12, 1973) is a Canadian-American voice actress, actress, comedian, clown,   jester, mime and singer.
She is known for her role as Ben Tennyson in Ben 10,  Bubbles in The Powerpuff Girls, Timmy Turner in The Fairly OddParents, Raven from Teen Titans, Daizy from Wow!
and Switch from Baby Shark's Big Show!.
Strong was born on February 12, 1973 in Toronto, Ontario.
Her father, who is Protestant, is from Scotland.
Her mother who is Jewish, is from Britain of Russian descent.
She is married to Craig Strong since 2000.
They have two sons: Sammy (born 2002) and Aden (born 2004).
Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal, Jr. (born April 20, 1941) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles Paper Moon, Barry Lyndon, A Bridge Too Far, and in A Love Story.
O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California.
He studied at the University High School.
O'Neal was married to Joanna Cook Moore from 1963 until they divorced in 1967.
Then he was married to Leigh Taylor-Young from 1967 until they divorced in 1973.
Then he was married to Farrah Fawcett from 1979 until they divorced in 1997.
Then they remarried in 2001 until her death in 2009.
He has four children, including Tatum O'Neal.
He now lives in Malibu, California.
Prognathism describes when part or all of the face sticks out more than normal.
Humans have orthognathic faces.
That means the faces is more or less vertical.
Most other primates have prognathic faces: their jaws stick out in front of the top part of the head.
Nasal prognathism: is when the portion of the face around and including the nose sticks out.
Also called upper facial projection.
Alveolar prognathism:  is when the alveolar (dental) part of the upper jaw (maxilla) sticks out.
Also called mid-facial projection.
Often causes what is called an "overbite".
Mandibular prognathism: is when the mandible (lower jaw) sticks out.
Often called an "underbite".
A skin tag is a small growth on the skin that is usually benign (harmless).
It may have a short narrow stalk which connects it to the skin.
They are usually small but may grow up to a half-inch long.
Skin tags are usually harmless and do not need treatment.
A person may decide to have a skin tag removed if it is irritating them or they do not like the way it looks.
If so the skin tag may be removed by:
Surgery: removed using a scalpel or surgical scissors.
Cryotherapy: freezing it.
Cauterization: burning it off.
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person sweats too much.
It is often caused by overactive sweat glands.
People with hyperhidrosis may sweat even when it is cool and they are at rest.
The sweat glands on any area of the human body can be affected by hyperhidrosis but it is usually happens more often in the sweat glands of the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet and the armpits.
Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome (Hb Lepore) is a kind of blood disorder that is caused by a genetic mutation.
It was first found in an Italian-American family named Lepore.
When a genetic mutation runs in families it is known as a trait.
Washington (Hb Lepore Washington, also known as Hb Lepore Boston or Hb Lepore Washington-Boston);  most common in Italians from Southern Italy
Baltimore (Hb Lepore Baltimore); first described in a family with African ancestry; most common in people from the Balkan countries, Albanians Croats, Serbs, Slovenes and Romanians.
It has also been described in Turks and in regions of Spain and Portugal.
A rare case of the Baltimore variety was discovered in an African American woman in the Bronx, New York and dubbed Hn Lepore-Bronx and another variety was discovered in the city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada and dubbed Hb E-Lepore Saskatoon
Hollandia (Hb Lepore Hollandia); identified in Papua New Guinea and Bangladesh.
A silent stroke is a kind of stroke that does not cause symptoms that can be seen in a major stroke such as slurred speech.
A person who has had a silent stroke usually does not know it.
A silent stroke still causes damage to the brain, and places the person at increased risk for both transient ischemic attack and major stroke in the future.
These strokes are called "silent" because they typically happen in parts of the brain that do not cause problems that can be seen like those in a major stroke.
A silent stroke usually happens in parts of the brain that control different thought processes, mood regulation and cognitive functions and is a leading cause of vascular cognitive impairment and may also lead to a loss of urinary bladder control.
In a big study in 1998, more than 11 million people were thought to have had a stroke in the United States.
About 770,000 of these strokes had symptoms which could be seen and 11 million were first-ever silent strokes.
Silent strokes usually cause lesions which are found by the use of neuroimaging such as MRI.
There is more of chance of older people having a silent stroke but it may also happen to younger adults.
Women appear to be at higher risk for silent stroke, with hypertension and current cigarette smoking being some of the reasons.
These types of strokes include lacunar and other ischemic strokes and minor hemorrhages.
They may also include leukoaraiosis (changes in the white matter of the brain): the white matter is more susceptible to vascular blockage because it has less blood vessels than the cerebral cortex.
In the Cardiovascular Health Study, a study used 3,660 adults over the age of 65, 31% showed evidence of silent stroke in neuroimaging studies using MRI.
These people did not know they had a stroke.
It is thought that silent strokes are five times more common than strokes that have symptoms.
A silent stroke is different than a transient ischemic attack (TIA).
In TIA the symptoms can be seen and may last from a few minutes to 24 hours before getting better.
If a person has a TIA there is a bigger chance they may have a major stroke and silent strokes in the future.
Kinds of silent stroke
Ischemic stroke: occurs when a blood vessel that brings blood to the brain becomes blocked.
This type of stroke happens in 87 percent of all stroke cases.
Hemorrhagic stroke: occurs when a blood vessel that brings blood to the brain gets weak and splits open causing bleed to come out of the blood vessel.
Usually hemorrhagic stroke is caused by two kinds of problems that cause weak blood vessels: aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Lacunar infarcts (LACI) are small (0.2 to 15 mm in diameter) noncortical (does not happen in the cerebral cortex) stroke caused by the blockage of a single penetrating branch of a larger blood vessel that brings blood to the inside parts of the brain including the  white matter.
LACIs are usually happen in cases of white matter lesions (WML) which can be seen using computerized tomography (CT scans).
Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC for short) is a medical problem that happens in children.
"Benign" means "harmless;" "paroxysmal" means something comes and goes suddenly; and "vertigo" means "dizziness."
So BPVC is harmless dizziness in children that comes and goes suddenly.
Usually, BPVC starts in children between two and five years old.
It often goes away by the age of eight.
But in some children, BPVC may start when they are much younger (as young as a few months old) or older (as old as 12 years old).
BPVC is the most common cause of dizziness in children who do not have hearing loss or a diagnosed ear disease.
It is a common problem that happens to about 2.6% of children (26 out of 1,000 children).
Doctors don't know for sure what causes BPVC.
Some doctors think it is related to problems of the inner ear that affect balance.
For example, some doctors think BPVC is similar to a different disorder which often happens in adults over 50.
This disorder is called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
BPPV is a "vestibular disorder" - a disorder in the inner ear which affects balance.
[[Image:Optokinetic nystagmus.gif|left|thumb|Horizontal (side to side) optokinetic nystagmus.
The eyes may also move up and down (vertical optokinetic nystagmus).]]
Nystagmus (sometimes called "dancing eyes"): Fast, uncontrollable eye movements.
These eye movements may happen on their own or be caused by staring.
When a child with BPVC is not having other symptoms, they may have positional nystagmus, which happens when the head is in a certain position.
Nausea: Feeling like throwing up.
Vomiting: Throwing up.
Gait ataxia: Problems walking because a medical problem (like BPVC) makes the muscles not work together.
This symptom may be harder to see in infants who cannot walk yet.
Postural imbalance: Having trouble staying balanced, which makes it hard to stand up straight.
This symptom may be harder to see in infants who cannot stand yet.
Looking scared: Children may look scared because of the physical symptoms that BPVC is causing, like loss of balance and dizziness.
The child has had at least five attacks of vertigo.
The child gets vertigo a lot; the dizziness happens all of a sudden, and goes away after a few minutes to a few hours.
The child had a normal neurological examination (which tests whether there are problems with how the brain is working)
The child had normal audiometric and vestibular functions between attacks (this means that between attacks, the child had normal hearing, and there were no obvious problems with the inner ears)
The child had normal electroencephalography (EEG) (this is a test that looks for unusual electrical activity in the brain).
Differential diagnosesDifferential diagnoses'' are different medical disorders which may cause the same symptoms.
When a doctor asks what the differential diagnoses for BPVC are, she is asking "what other disease could cause these symptoms?
What else could this be?"
Before a doctor makes a final diagnosis, they must think of what other medical conditions have the same or similar symptoms, and make sure one of them is not the problem.
Posterior fossa tumor: A tumor in the part of the brain that is in or near the bottom of the skull.
Posterior fossa tumors happen more in children than they do in adults.
About 54%-70% of all brain tumors that children get start in the posterior fossa.
Cervical spine abnormalities: Problems with the part of the spine in the neck.
Otological disorders: Problems with the insides of the ears.
Benign occipital epilepsy: A kind of epilepsy that most children outgrow.
Metabolic disorders: Problems with the way the body makes energy from food.
Mangaka (漫画家?)
is the Japanese word for a comic artist or cartoonist.
Outside of Japan, manga usually means a Japanese comic book.
Mangaka means the author of the manga, who is usually Japanese.
Some artists may study at an art college, manga school, or take on an apprenticeship with another mangaka.
They then enter the world of manga as a professional artist.
However, there are some artists that just start in manga.
One way to do this is by applying to contests that magazines run.
For example, Naoko Takeuchi, author of Sailor Moon, won such a contest sponsored by Kodansha.
Osamu Tezuka, creator of Astro Boy, began his career without being an assistant.
fi:Manga#Mangaka
Menstrual migraine (also called catamenial migraine) is term used to describe both true menstrual migraines and menstrually related migraines.
About 7%-14% of women have migraines only at the time of menstruation, these are called true menstrual migraines.
Most female migraneurs experience migraine attacks throughout the menstruation cycle with an increased number perimenstrually, these are referred to as menstrually related or menstrually triggered migraine.
It used to believed that treatments for migraine would work in menstrual migraine but that has not proven to be the case because menstrual migraines are harder to treat.
Because of this, menstrual migraines are now considered a separate medical disorder from migraine.
In 2008, menstrual migraines were given ICD-9 codes (346.4-346.43) of their own which separate menstrual migraine from other types of migraine.
About 40% of women and 20% of men will get a migraine at sometime in their life; most of them will get their first migraine before they are 35-years-old.
Menstrual-related migraines happen in more than 50 percent of women who have migraine headaches.
Menstrual migraine attacks usually last longer than other migraine attacks, [Pinkerman and Holroyd, 2010] and short-term treatments do not work as well with menstrual migraine as they do in other kinds of migraine.
They are usually migraines without aura, but in 2012 a case of menstrual migraine with aura was reported, so it is possible.
Auras are a kind of condition which affect certain parts of the brain, usually the parts that control vision but they can also affect the parts of the brain which control the other senses like touch, motor control (moving parts of the body) and the parts of the brain that control speech.
Warning symptoms
Warning symptoms also called prodrome symptoms often happen before a migraine attack.
Sleepiness
Depression (feeling sad), euphoria (feeling very happy) or irritability
Excessive (too much) yawning
Food cravings especially for sweet or salty foods or loss of appetite
Increased thirst
Bloating: the body retains (keeps) too much water
Neck stiffness
Talkativeness (talking too much)
Feeling light-headed
Uterine pain and cramping
Headache symptoms
A pounding throbbing headache with the pain being on one side of the head (unilateral).
The side of the head that has the pain changes from one headache to the next.
<table border="1"  align="right" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" width="40%"  bgcolor="#B0CCE5" colspan="3">
International Headache Society classification of pure menstrual migraine and menstrually related migraine
<td bgcolor="FBF4CE">
A1.1.1 Pure menstrual migraine without aura
Symptoms of this kind of migraine:
A. Attacks, in a menstruating woman, that have symptoms the same as ‘1.1 Migraine without aura'
B. Attacks occur only on Day 1 ± 2 (that means: Days +2 to –3) of menstruation in at least two out of three menstrual cycles and at no other times of the cycle.
C.A menstruation cycle is the amount of time between a woman's periods.
The cycle starts from the start of one period and ends at the start of the next one.
One cycle is usually is 28 days long.
The first day of menstruation is Day 1 and the day before is Day –1; there is no Day 0.
To have Pure menstrual migraine, menstruation here means when normal bleeding happens in a normal menstruation cycle or when the woman stops taking hormones, like birth control pills.
A1.1.2 Menstrually-related migraine without aura
A. Attacks, in a menstruating woman, that have symptoms the same as ‘1.1 Migraine without aura’
B. Attacks occur on Day 1 ± 2 (that means: Days –2 to +3) of menstruation in at least two out of three menstrual cycles plus at other times of the cycle
To have Menstrually-related migraine without aura, menstruation here means when normal bleeding happens in a normal menstruation cycle or when the woman stops taking hormones, like birth control pills
adapted from the International Headache Society</td></table>
The diagnosis of a menstrual migraine is made by keeping track of when the migraines occur for a period of at least three months.
Menstrually related migraine attacks occur usually between 2 days before and 3 days after the start of menstruation in at least 2 out of 3 menstrual cycles (periods) in a row.
Pure menstrual migraine and menstrually related migraine are both migraines without auras with one exceptionnally rare case with aura reported in 2012.
The Menstrual Migraine Assesment Tool (MMAT) is a simple questionaire with three questions, that has shown to be fairly accurate in diagnosing menstrual migraine (Tepper SJ, 2008).
The three questions are:
Do migraines occur in the space of time 2 days before the beginning of a woman's period, until the third day after the start of the period.
And does this happen in most months.
Do headaches that happen during this time become very severe.
Does the woman experience photophobia which is when a medical problem cause light to bothers a person's eyes.
In order to keep track of what time of the month the migraines happen it is helpful to use a headache diary.
A person uses the headache diary to write down information about their headaches, like when they started, what kind of symptoms they had and how bad the pain was etc.
There are treatments which are used for menstrual migraines which may in some cases reduce how many times a woman gets them and how bad they are.
This kind of treatment is called prophylactic therapy and it is used in the perimenstrual period which is the time between periods.
Prophylactic therapy for menstrual migraine should be tried for at least 3 menstruation cycles to see if that kind of treatment works before it is stopped.
Medications used may include:
NSAIDS (nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs):
Napraxen sodium such as Aleve
Beta blockers — such as propranolol, nadolol, atenolol, and metoprolol
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and other kinds of antidepressant medications are often used for migraine prevention.
These include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and doxepin.
Acute treatments (short-term treatment) include drugs called Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (drugs that help stop inflammation which is redness, swelling, pain, tenderness, heat in parts of the body), triptans such as Frovatriptan, ergotomines which are a kind of drug made from a fungus called ergot, and estrogen transdermal patches, which are patches worn on the skin that have estrogen in them which enters the body through the skin and then into the bloodstream.
The exact causes of menstrual migraine are not known for sure but there is a link between falling levels of the female hormone estrogen and the onset of a migraine attack.
The estrogen level may fall after bleeding occurs during the menstrual cycle or when external sources of estrogen are no longer taken, like when a woman stops taking birth control pills or hormone pills in hormone replacement therapy.
Optimizing Management of Menstrual Migraine
Kari K. Wahlgren (born July 13, 1977) is an American actress and comedian.
She is known for her role as Tigress in Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness notable roles in Nickelodeon, Disney, Cartoon Network from various.
She has done voices for many video games.
Wahlgren was born in Hoisington, Kansas.
Dexter's Laboratory  - Additional voices
Nutri Ventures -  Additional voices
Puppy Dog Pals - Additional voices
Animaniacs - Additional voices
The Powerpuff Girls (1998) - Additional Voices
The Powerpuff Girls (2016) - Additional voices
The Loud House - Additional voices
The Super Hero Squad Show - Additonal voices
The Fairly OddParents - Additional voices
Fussell was born in Pasadena, California on March 22, 1924.
His father, Paul Fussell (1895–1973), son of a widowed schoolteacher, became a corporate lawyer in Los Angeles with the firm of O’Melveny & Myers.
His mother, Wilhma Wilson Sill (1893–1971), was the daughter of a carriage trimmer in Illinois.
His brother, Edwin Sill Fussell, was an author, poet, and professor of American Studies at the University of California, San Diego.
His sister Florence Fussell Lind lives in Berkeley, California.
Education and World War II
Fussell studied at Pomona College and at Harvard University.
After he graduated, he served in World War II from 1943 until a year after the war ended in 1946.
He was awarded a Bronze Star Medal and a Purple Heart.
After the war, he taught at Connecticut College (1951–55) before moving to Rutgers University in 1955 and finally the University of Pennsylvania in 1983.
He also taught at the University of Heidelberg (1957–58) and at King’s College London (1990–92).
He was married to Betty Fussell in 1949.
The couple had two children, and divorced in 1981.
He later was married to Harriette Behringer until his death in 2012.
On May 23, 2012, Fussell died in Portland, Oregon of Parkinson's disease at age 88.
Fussell's 1975 book The Great War and Modern Memory won the National Book Award in category Arts and Letters, the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism, and the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award of Phi Beta Kappa.
It was ranked number 75 in the Modern Library Board's List of the 100 Best Nonfiction Books of the Twentieth Century.
In 1977, Fussell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
He won the 2005 Hessell-Tiltman Prize for The Boys' Crusade.
Fussell was one of the veterans interviewed in the 2007 Ken Burns and Lynn Novick documentary The War, and in the 1999 ABC-produced documentary The Century: America's Time.
Obituary from the New York Times
Educators from Pasadena, California
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is 2009 live-action sequel to Transformers.
It was directed by Michael Bay and written by Roberto Orci, Ehren Kruger, and Alex Kurtzman.
The movie grossed a total of $402 million in North America and $836 million worldwide.
It was the second most successful movie of 2009, behind Avatar.
The movie was nominated for Best Sound Mixing.
The movie won five Scream Awards and two Teen Choice Awards.
Revenge of the Fallen was also nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film.
It was nominated for seven Razzie Awards.
They won three: for the Worst Picture, Worst Director, and Worst Screenplay.
Army Burn Hall College (ABHC)  formerly  Burn Hall School  is a school and college in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
In 1948, a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire, a few missionary fathers moved to Abbottabad with a handful of students, from Srinagar, Kashmir, where the original school was, and founded a branch here.
Between 1948 and 1977, the school was run by these missionary fathers and supervised by the Board of Education of the Rawalpindi Diocese of the Church of Pakistan.
However, in 1977 the fathers were forcibly evicted by the Pakistan Army which took over the institution.
They made several changes to the school and its spirit and mode of education, gradually bringing it into line with their own goals and objectives.
Since 1990-1991, it is no longer a proper public school along the English model but a military-style graduate college, with separate branches for boys and girls.
Rābia al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya (; 717 – 801 AD) was a female Muslim saint and Sufi mystic.
She was born in Basra, and is therefore also called Rābia al-Basrī ().
She was the fourth daughter of her family and therefore named Rābi’a, meaning "fourth".
Her family was very poor.
She was very devoted to God.
When Rābia's father died, she became an orphan.
She was captured by thieves and sold into slavery.
During the day, she worked for her master.
During the night, she prayed to God.
Once her master learned about her passionate faith, he immediately released her.
He decided to serve her instead.
Rābia became an ascetic.
Over time, many came to follow her.
Even though Rābia did many favors for them and lived in poverty and hardship, she never asked for anything, even from God.
The name Rābia is used to describe women of the highest type of spirituality.
She is considered one of the most devoted Sufi saints.
She is highly revered.
717 births
801 deaths
They were the defending Super Bowl 45 champions after they won against the Steelers 31-25.
They not only improved from their 10-6 record but also became the sixth team to win at least 15 games.
Like the 2009 Saints, 2005 Colts, and the 1998 Broncos, they won the first 13 games of the season and lost the next game.
The 2009 Saints and the 1998 Broncos won their Super Bowls at that time.
After finishing the 2010 regular season with a 10–6 record, the Packers went 4–0 in the postseason en route to winning Super Bowl XLV.
As a result, the Packers received the final selection (32nd) in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft.
2011 NFL Draft
On July 28, WR Diondre Borel, S Anthony Bratton, G/T Ray Dominguez, WR Tori Gurley, S M.D. Jennings, LB Ricky Elmore, C Sampson Genus, WR Shaky Smithson, FB Jon Hoese, LB Jamari Lattimore, DE Eli Joseph, LB Vic So'oto, CB Brandian Ross, RB Brandon Saine, and WR Kerry Taylor were signed to a contract as undrafted free agents.
On July 29, LB Elijah Joseph and NT Chris Donaldson were signed to  contract as undrafted free agents.
On August 3, LB K.C. Asiodu was signed to a contract.
On September 4, QB Graham Harrell, RB Brandon Saine, WR Diondre Borel, WR Chastin West, G/T Ray Dominguez, CB Brandian Ross, C Sampson Genus and WR Tori Gurley were signed to the practice squad a day after they were all cut from the active roster and cleared waivers.
On March 2, LB A. J. Hawk, TE Donald Lee and S Derrick Martin were released.
Hawk was resigned the following day.
On July 27, LB Nick Barnett, LB Brandon Chillar, DE Justin Harrell, LB Brady Poppinga and T Mark Tauscher were released.
S Michael Greco and LB Curtis Young were waived.
On August 15, LB Diyral Briggs was released.
On August 28, TE Spencer Havner, WR Brett Swain, and T Theo Sherman were released.
On August 30, WR Antonio Robinson, LB K.C. Asiodu, and G Adrian Battles were released.
On September 3, WR Diondre Borel, S Anthony Bratton, T Chris Campbell, G/T Ray Dominguez, NT Chris Donaldson, WR Tori Gurley, S Anthony Levine, LB Ricky Elmore, C Sampson Genus, CB Josh Gordy, QB Graham Harrell, FB Jon Hoese, LB Cardia Jackson, DE Eli Joseph, LB Elijah Joseph, C/G Nick McDonald, RB Dimitri Nance, CB Brandian Ross, NT Jay Ross, RB Brandon Saine, WR Kerry Taylor, WR Chastin West, and S/CB Brandon Underwood were released.
On September 3, FB Quinn Johnson was traded to the Tennessee Titans for an undisclosed draft pick.
On September 3, G Caleb Schlauderaff was traded to the New York Jets for an undisclosed draft pick.
Training Camp and Preseason Injuries
On September 3, DE Lawrence Guy and WR Shaky Smithson were placed on injured reserve.
Coaching Changes
On February 11, Wide receivers coach Jimmy Robinson was signed by the Dallas Cowboys to become their Assistant head coach and wide receivers coach.
On February 21, Assistant strength and conditioning coach Dave Redding retired.
On February 22, Zac Woodfin was named Assistant strength and conditioning coach.
On February 25, Running backs coach Edgar Bennett was moved to Wide receiver coach, Offensive line assistant Jerry Fontenot was promoted to Running backs coach, offensive quality control coach John Rushing was promoted to a combined role of assistant wide receivers coach-special teams coach and hired Joel Hilgenberg as offensive quality control coach.
On September 20, WR Chastin West was signed off the practice squad by the Jacksonville Jaguars.
On September 21, NT/DE Johnny Jones was signed to the practice squad.
On October 12, G/T Ray Dominguez was signed to the active roster from the practice squad and S Nick Collins was placed on injured reserve.
On October 13, C/G Cecil Newton was signed to the practice squad.
On October 31, RB Brandon Saine was signed to the active roster from the practice squad, RB Alex Green was placed on injured reserve, C/G Cecil Newton was released from the practice squad, and S Anthony Levine and C/G Paul Fenaroli were signed to the practice squad.
On November 8, T Chris Campbell was signed to the practice squad and C/G Paul Fenaroli was released from the practice squad.
On December 7, QB Graham Harrell was signed to the active roster from the practice squad, TE Andrew Quarless was placed on injured reserve, and G Jake Vermiglio was signed to the practice squad.
On December 15, FB Jon Hoese was signed to the practice squad and G Jake Vermiglio was released from the practice squad.
On December 22, T Herb Taylor was signed and T Derek Sherrod was placed on injured reserve.
Regular Season Results
Week 1: vs. New Orleans Saints
The Packers started their 2011 season by taking on the Saints, the Super Bowl 44 champions.
Randall Cobb not only caught his first career touchdown pass in the first quarter, but also returned a kickoff 108 yards for a touchdown.
Aaron Rodgers has completed 27 of 35 pass attempts for 312 yards, 3 touchdown passes, no interceptions, and a passer rating of 132.1.
With the Packers win, they began 1-0.
Week 2: at Carolina Panthers
Week 3: at Chicago Bears
Week 4: vs. Denver Broncos
Week 5: at Atlanta Falcons
Week 6: vs. St. Louis Rams
Week 7: at Minnesota Vikings
Week 9: at San Diego Chargers
Week 10: vs. Minnesota Vikings
Week 11: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Week 12: at Detroit Lions
Week 13: at New York Giants
Week 14: vs. Oakland Raiders
Week 15: at Kansas City Chiefs
Week 16: vs. Chicago Bears
Week 17: vs. Detroit Lions
Aaron Rodgers was not playing in the game, as he was rested.
Brad Jones restrained a fan running on the field during the game.
Postseason (Playoffs)
NFC Divisional Round: vs. New York Giants
stats values are correct through Week 17.
stats are correct through Week 17.
Total Offense (YPG): 3rd
Passing (YPG): 3rd
Rushing (YPG): 27th
Points (PPG): 1st
Total Defense (YPG): 32nd
Passing (YPG): 32nd
Points (PPG): 19th
Weekly awards
QB Aaron Rodgers was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for games played on Week 1. (
vs. Saints)
WR Randall Cobb was named NFL's Pepsi Rookie of the Week for games played on Week 1. (
OLB Clay Matthews was named GMC Never Say Never Moment of the Week for his contributions to the goal line stand on Week 1. (
QB Aaron Rodgers was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 4. (
vs. Broncos)
QB Aaron Rodgers was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for games played on Week 5. (
vs. Falcons)
QB Aaron Rodgers was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 5. (
K Mason Crosby was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week for games played on Week 5. (
QB Aaron Rodgers was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 6. (
vs. Rams)
K Mason Crosby was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week for games played on Week 7. (
vs. Vikings)
QB Aaron Rodgers was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 7. (
QB Aaron Rodgers was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for games played on Week 9. (
vs. Chargers)
QB Aaron Rodgers was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 9. (
QB Aaron Rodgers was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 13. (
vs. Giants)
QB Aaron Rodgers was named GMC Never Say Never Moment of the Week for his contributions to the game winning drive on Week 13. (
P Tim Masthay was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week for games played on Week 13. (
QB Matt Flynn was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for games played on Week 17. (
vs. Lions)
QB Matt Flynn was named FedEx Air Player of the Week for games played on Week 17. (
QB Matt Flynn was named GMC Never Say Never Moment of the Week for his contributions to his record setting performance in relief of Aaron Rodgers on Week 17. (
Monthly awards
QB Aaron Rodgers was named NFC Offensive Player of the Month for the month of September.
QB Aaron Rodgers was named NFC Offensive Player of the Month for the month of October.
QB Aaron Rodgers was named NFC Offensive Player of the Month for the month of November.
Annual awards
QB Aaron Rodgers was named AP Male Athlete of the Year(2011).
Packers record for Most Consecutive Games Won with 19 (Wk 15 2010 - Wk 14 2011) passing the previous best marks of 11 in 1928-29 and 1961-62.
Packers record for Most Consecutive Games Won, Season with 13 (Wk 1 - Wk 14) passing the previous best mark of 10 in 1929 and 1962.
Packers record for Most Games Won, Regular Season with 15 passing the previous best mark of 13 in 1962, 1996, 1997 and 2007.
Packers record for Most Consecutive Games Won, Start of Season with 13 passing the previous best mark of 10 in 1929 and 1962.
Packers record for Most Consecutive Games Without Defeat, Season with 13 (13 wins, 0 ties) passing the previous best mark of 13 (12 wins,  1 tie) in 1929.
Packers record for Most Consecutive Games Without Defeat, Start of Season with 13 (13 wins, 0 ties) passing the previous best mark of 13 (12 wins,  1 tie) in 1929.
Packers record for Most Points, Season with 560 points passing the previous best mark of 461 in 2009.
Packers record for Most Overall Touchdowns, Season with 70 passing the previous best mark of 56 in 1996.
Packers record for Most Yards Gained, Season with 6,482 yards passing the previous best mark of 6,357 in 2004.
QB Aaron Rodgers became the first quarterback in NFL history to post 400 yards passing, four passing touchdowns and two rushing touchdowns in a game against the Denver Broncos on October 2, 2011.
QB Matt Flynn Broke the Packers record of Most Touchdown Passes, Game with 6 vs the Detroit Lions January 1, 2012.
The Previous record holders were Cecil Bell, Don Horn, Lynn Dickey, Brett Favre, and Aaron Rodgers.
QB Matt Flynn Broke the Packers Record of Most Passing Yards, Game with 480 Yards vs the Detroit Lions on January 1, 2012.
The previous record holder was Aaron Rodgers.
K Mason Crosby successfully converted a team record 58-yard field goal against the Minnesota Vikings on October 23, 2011.
The previous record was 56, set by Crosby himself.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the Packers record for Single Season Passer Rating with a rating of 122.5.
Bart Starr had the previous best with a rating of 105.0.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the NFL record for Single Season Passer Rating with a rating of 122.5.
Peyton Manning had the previous best with a rating of 121.1.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the Packers record for Highest Completion Percentage, Season (140 attempts) with 68.3%.
Brett Favre had the previous best percentage with 66.54%.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the Packers record for Most Touchdown Passes, Season with 45.
Brett Favre had the previous best mark with 39.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the Packers record for Most Yards Passing, Season with 4,643.
Lynn Dickey had the previous best mark with 4,458 yards.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the Packers record for Most Games, 300 or More Yards Passing, Season with 8.
Brett Favre had the previous best mark with 7.
QB Aaron Rodgers Set the Packers record for Most Consecutive Games, 300 or More Yards Passing with 4 (Wk's 4–7).
Lynn Dickey and Brett Favre both had the previous best with 3 each.
QB Aaron Rodgers Tied the Packers record for Most Consecutive Games, Four or More Touchdown Passes with Brett Favre with 2.
QB Aaron Rodgers Tied the Packers record for Highest Average Gain, Season (200 attempts) with Lynn Dickey at 9.2.
WR Randall Cobb Set the Packers record for Most Kickoff Return Yards, Rookie, Season passing Charles Wilson who had 798 yards in 1990.