the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Fayzabad has been separate from other parts of the country because of the lack of paved roads.
There are two active bazaars in the city where items as different as cotton, cotton cloth and goods, salt, sugar, tea, indigo, and cutlery are traded.
The majority of the people are Tajiks.
There also are some Pashtun, Uzbek and Turkmen.
The city has several schools including an all-girls school.
There is also a hospital which is considered the best in the province, and a police station.
There is a guest house called Lapis Lazuli for expatriates.
The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (or BMAC, also known as the Oxus civilization) is the modern archaeological name for a Bronze Age culture of Central Asia, dated to ca.
2300–1700 BCE.
It was in present-day  Turkmenistan, northern Afghanistan and northeastern Iran, southern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan.
Its sites were discovered and named by the Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi (1976).
Bactria was the Greek name for the area of Bactra (modern Balkh), in what is now northern Afghanistan.
Margiana was the Greek name for the Persian satrapy of Margu, in today's Turkmenistan.
Sarianidi's excavations from the late 1970s onward many buildings in many sites.
Reports on the BMAC were mostly in Soviet journals, until the last years of the Soviet Union.
The findings were unknown to the West until Sarianidi's work was translated in the 1990s.
Uzbek (O'zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили or Ўзбекча in Cyrillic script, أۇزبېك تیلی in Arabic script) is a Turkic language.
It is the official language of Uzbekistan.
It has about 40 million native speakers.
It is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia.
Uzbek belongs to  the southeastern Turkic or Uyghur family of Turkic languages.
Languages of Tajikistan
Languages of Turkmenistan
Languages of Uzbekistan
Turkmen (, Cyrillic: , Persian: ) is the national language of Turkmenistan.
It is spoken by about 7,000,000 people in Turkmenistan and by an about 380,000 more people in Northwestern Afghanistan and 500,000 in Northeastern Iran.
The Nuristani (Nurestani) languages () are one of the three groups in the Indo-Iranian language family.
The other two languages are Indo-Aryan and Iranian.
They are spoken primarily in eastern Afghanistan.
Askunu (Ashkun) 2,000 speakers
Kamkata-viri (Bashgali, includes the dialects Kata-vari, Kamviri & Mumviri) 24,200 speakers
Vasi-vari (Prasuni) 2,000 speakers
Tregami (Gambiri) 1,000 speakers
Waigali (Kalasha-ala) 2,000 speakers
Zemiaki 500 speakers (traditionally classified as a dialekt of Indo-Aryan Nangalami-Grangali, belongs here according to Grjunberg 1999)
Area codes in Afghanistan are two digits long.
It is common to write phone numbers as (0xx) yyy-yyyy, where xx is the area code.
The 0 prefix is for long-distance dialing from within the country.
International callers should dial +93 xx yyyyyyy.
020 yyy yyyy: Kabul
030 yyy yyyy: Kandahar
040 yyy yyyy: Herat
050 yyy yyyy: Mazar-i-Sharif
060 yyy yyyy: Jalalabad
Helmand (Pashto/Dari: هلمند) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
Its capital is Lashkar Gah.
The Helmand River flows through the mainly desert region, providing water for irrigation.
Helmand is the world's largest opium-producing region.
It makes 75% of the world's total production.
This is more than all of Burma, which is the second largest producing nation after Afghanistan.
Afghan opium accounts for more than 90% of the global supply.
Much of the fighting between NATO and Taliban forces is taking place in this province.
Helmand is said to be a Taliban stronghold.
Border with Pakistan
Helmand has a southern border with the Balochistan province of Pakistan.
Many domestic and international observers have criticized Pakistan's efforts towards securing the border against Taliban insurgents.
Sangin
The population is 1,441,769.
The area is 58,584 square kilometres.
Pashtuns are the majority estimated at 92% of the population.
There are also Balochs who are in the south.
Also there are small numbers of Hazara, Brahui and Tajik.
Ghazni  () () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in the east of the country.
Its capital is Ghazni City.
Demographics and geography
The major ethnic groups in the province are Hazaras, Pashtuns and Tajiks.
There are also some Burki, and Uzbeks.
Ghazni is made up of 19 districts.
Some Sikhs and Hindus also live in Ghazni province.
During the Taliban regime they fled the country.
With the current administration they have returned to Ghazni city.
Band E Sardeh Dam is located in Andar District near the border with Paktika Province.
It creates a large water reservoir that is important to the irrigation of the Kahnjoor farming zone.
Ghazni (Persian/Pashto: غزنی - Ġaznī; historically known as غزنین / Ġaznīn and غزنه / Ġazna) is a city in central-east Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Ghazni Province.
Ghazni City is located in an area of extreme drought.
In 2007, one of the gates on a fifty-year-old dam on the Jikhai River broke.
This worried the people of Ghazni city about the water supply.
The dam serves as a good source of irrigation water to Ghazni City and the surrounding agricultural areas.
Nearby rivers have a history of flooding  and causing severe damage and death, though efforts have begun to fix this.
Notables from Ghazni
Sadiq Ali Khan Tanoli (sons named Feroz Khan, Sanjay Khan, Akbar Khan (director), Indian film actors,
Hajweri Ghaznawi
Sanai
Hassan Ghaznavi
Faiz Muhammad Katib Hazara
Farrukhi Sistani, Manuchehri Damaghani, Abul-fazl Bayhaqi (royal poets and writers who lived during the Ghaznavids period)
Minarets of Ghazni
Palace of Sultan Mas'ud III
Tomb of Sebuktigin
Mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud
Mausoleum of Sanai
Tapa Sardar Excavations
References and footnotes
It is spoken by over 216,842 people who are mostly Muslim.
Most of them are bilingual in Pashto.
Only 25% are able to read.
The Pashai language was not written prior to 2003.
The Kushan Empire ( (Kuṣāṇ Rājavaṃśa), BHS: , Parthian: Kušanxšaθr) was first formed in the early 1st century AD.
It was in eastern and northern Afghanistan and the north-west of India.
The Kushan were a branch of the Yuezhi confederation.
Previously a nomadic people living in eastern Central Asia, the Yuezhi moved southwest and settled in ancient Bactria.
Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (born August 15, 1990) is an American actress.
She appeared in Time's list of most influential people in the world in 2013, and has won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards and two Screen Actors Guild Awards, among other accolades.
Lawrence first became known for appearing on The Bill Engvall Show (2007–2009), and had her breakthrough with Winter's Bone (2010).
She went on to starring roles in the X-Men film series (2011–2019) and The Hunger Games film series (2012–2015), and is the highest-grossing action heroine.
She won the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work in Silver Linings Playbook (2012), and earned an additional two Golden Globe Awards for starring in American Hustle (2013) and Joy (2015).
She subsequently played roles in Passengers (2016), mother! (
2017) and Red Sparrow (2018).
In 2010, Lawrence played Ree Dolly in Winter's Bone.
In 2012, she played Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games franchise.
In 2013, she won an Oscar for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role.
That year, she also won a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy.
Lawrence is of English, Scottish, Irish and German descent.
As of August 2013, Lawrence is dating X-Men: First Class and X-Men: Days of Future Past co-star Nicholas Hoult.
The couple started dating in 2011 after filming X-Men: First Class, but ended their relationship in January 2013, after 2 years of dating.
They reconnected 6 months later in July 2013, after filming X-Men: Days of Future Past together.
Lawrence has been the recipient of an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Award, four Critic's Choice Movie Awards, a Independent Spirit Award, a Venice Film Festival Award, a Palm Springs International Film Festival Award, a Saturn Award, a Satellite Award and several other awards.
She was named the Associated Press' Entertainer of the Year for 2013.
Jennifer Lawrence Foundation
Jennifer Lawrence at Biography.com
Jennifer Lawrence at The New York Times
Jennifer Lawrence at Rotten Tomatoes
The Buddhas of Bamiyan ( – but hay-e bamiyan) were two 6th century monumental statues of standing Buddhas carved into the side of a cliff.
They are in the Bamyan valley in the Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan.
They were dynamited and destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban.
Japan and Switzerland, among others, have said they would help rebuild the statues.
The Tahirid dynasty () was a Persian dynasty that ruled the Abbasid province of Khorasan from 821 to 873.
It also ruled the city of Baghdad from 820 until 891.
The capital in Khorasan was first located at Merv.
Later it moved to Nishapur.
873 disestablishments
821 establishments
The history of Azerbaijan goes back centuries before the USSR was formed.
The population of Azerbaijan is a native to the Caucasus  area, which are of turk descent.
Middle Ages and the coming of Islam
In the 7th century, Islam was introduced with the Arab conquest, which was important in the formation of a single nation and language in Azerbaijan, when the population became Muslim.
A common religion for both Turkic and non-Turkic ethnic groups brought about the formation of common traditions, and the integration between the different ethnic groups living on the territory of Azerbaijan.
By the middle of the 9th century, the Turkic ethnic group, the Azerbaijani people became the major ethnic group.
The establishment of a single state in Azerbaijan happened between the 15th century and the 18th century.
This period is very important in the history of Azerbaijan.
The ruler Shah Ismail Khatai (1501-1524) who was of Azerbaijani origin, united all the territories of Azerbaijan under his control.
He founded the Safavid dynasty with Tabriz as its capital.
During the rule of the Safavis, the Azerbaijani language also became the only official language.
After the Safavid dynasty ended, Nadir Shah Afshar (1736-1747), an Azerbaijani commander founded the Afsharid dynasty (1736-1796) named after himself,  and continued to rule over Azerbaijan's territories.
He strengthened the borders and in 1739 invaded North India including Delhi.
After Nadir Shah's death, his dynasty weakened and in the second part of the 18th century resulted in the formations of new smaller states.
In the late 18th century, then, the government of Iran passed to the Qajar dynasty (1796-1925), who were also of Azerbaijani origin.
Their main policy was to unite all the territories once ruled by their ancestors.
This gave the start to several long wars between the Qajars and Russia, with both parties aiming to occupy the South Caucasus which Azerbaijan is a part of.
Azerbaijan was divided between the two empires.
The northern part of Azerbaijan was annexed to Russia, while the south went to Iran.
This is the origin of today's political division between "North Azerbaijan" which today has become the Republic of Azerbaijan, and "South Azerbaijan", which today is a part of Iran.
Russian and Soviet rule
Azerbaijan came under Russian rule after the Persian-Russian wars of 1804-1813.
The country gained independence for a short period, however, towards the end of the First World War.
After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, Azerbaijan, together with Armenia and Georgia formed the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.
When this republic ended in May 1918, Azerbaijan declared independence as the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan on May 28, 1918, as the first modern and secular parliamentary republic in the Muslim World.
However, the Red Army occupied the territory and annexed it to the newly formed Soviet Union and the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was founded on April 28, 1920.
During the Second World War and after, the Azerbaijan SSR, as a petroleum producer, was important in the energy policy of the Soviet Union.
Following the politics of reforms called "glasnost", started by the leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, riots and ethnic fighting grew in various regions of the Soviet Union, including Nagorno-Karabakh, a region of the Azerbaijan SSR.
The disturbances in Azerbaijan, in response to the Soviet government's lack of response to the already tense conflict between the Azerbaijanis and Armenians, resulted in calls for independence and secession, which resulted in the massacre known as "Black January" in the capital Baku in January 1990.
Azerbaijan eventually declared independence on October 18, 1991.
The Soviet Union was ended on December 25, 1991.
The politician Heydar Aliyev became the President of Azerbaijan in 1993 and successfully stabilized the country and a ceasefire between Azerbaijan and Armenia was signed in 1994, which paused the war.
However, 20 % of Azerbaijan remained occupied by the Armenian military and the two countries were in a state of war, until November, 2020.
Nevertheless, representatives of the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan have since been holding peace talks organized by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) "Minsk Group" to solve the conflict and restore the territory to Azerbaijan.
When Heydar Aliyev died in 2003, his son Ilham Aliyev became the President of Azerbaijan and is continuing his father's policies today.
As an important producer of petroleum and natural gas, Azerbaijan's economy is increasing very rapidly every year, and has become rich as a result.
Altstadt, Audrey.
The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity Under Russian Rule (Azerbaijan: Hoover Institution Press, 1992).
Ashurbeyli, S. "History of Shirvanshahs" Elm 1983, 408 (in Azeri)
Goltz, Thomas. "
Azerbaijan Diary: A Rogue Reporter`s Adventures in an Oil-Rich, War-Torn, Post-Soviet Republic".
M.E. Sharpe (1998).
Gasimov, Zaur: The Caucasus, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: November 18, 2011.
Kalankatu, Moisey (Movses).
The History of Caucasian Albanians.
transl by C. Dowsett.
London oriental series, vol 8, 1961 (School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ of London)
At Tabari, Ibn al-Asir (trans by Z. Bunyadov), Baku, Elm, 1983?
Jamil Hasanli.
At the Dawn of the Cold War: The Soviet-American Crisis Over Iranian Azerbaijan, 1941–1946, (Rowman & Littlefield; 409 pages; $75).
Discusses the Soviet-backed independence movement in the region and argues that the crisis in 1945–46 was the first event to bring the Soviet Union in conflict with the United States and Britain after the alliance of World War II
Momen, M. An Introduction to Shii Islam, 1985, Yale University Press 400 p
Shaffer, B. Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002).
Swietochowski, Tadeusz.
Russia and Azerbaijan: Borderland in Transition (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995).
Van der Leew, Ch.
Azerbaijan: A Quest for Identity: A Short History (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000).
Timeline starting in 1828 from BBC News
A Country Study: Azerbaijan  March 1994 report from the U.S. Library of Congress
List of rulers   from Rulers.org
A Short Sketch of One Century of Azerbaijani Historical Writing by Zaur Gasimov from Caucasus Analytical Digest
Afsharids from Iranica Encyclopedia
la:Atropatene (res publica)#Historia
Marilyn Ann Chambers (April 22, 1952 – April 12, 2009) was an American pornographic actress, exotic dancer and fashion model.
She was born Marilyn Ann Briggs in Providence, Rhode Island.
She was raised in Westport, Connecticut.
She was notable for performing in many pornographic movies, including Behind the Green Door and mainstream movies, including Rabid.
Chambers died in Santa Clarita, California due to cerebral hemorrhage and aneurysm cause by heart disease.
Models from Rhode Island
Sistan was once the homeland of Sakas, a Scythian tribe of Iranic origin.
The Saffarids, one of the early Iranian dynasties of the Islamic era, were first from Sistan.
The Saffarids or the Saffarid dynasty () was a Persian empire.
They ruled in Sistan from 861–1002.
Sistan was a historical region in southeastern Iran, southwestern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.
Their capital was Zaranj, located in present-day Afghanistan.
867 establishments
1002 disestablishments
Bukhara (;  ; ) is the capital of the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan.
It is the nation's fifth-largest city.
It had about 263,400 people at the 2009 census.
People have lived in the area for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time.
The city is on the Silk Road.
That made it a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion.
The historic center of Bukhara, which has many mosques and madrassas, is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
There are many Uzbeks and Tajiks.
The city has Jews and other ethnic minorities.
Bukhara was called Bokhara in 19th and early 20th century English publications and as Buhe/Puhe（捕喝） in Tang Chinese.
Bukhara Airport
Many important people lived in Bukhara in the past.
Most famous of them are:
Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Ibrahim Ibn al-Mughirah Ibn Bardizbah al-Bukhari (810-870) - Islamic scholar and compiler of hadiths
Avicenna (Abu Ali ibn Sina) (980-1037) - physician and person of encyclopedic knowledge
Bal'ami: Abolfazl Muhammad and his son Abu-Ali Mohammad, two famous viziers of Samanid kings, historians and patrons of art and literature
Abubakr Narshakhi (10th century) - historian who wrote History of Bukhara
Hazrat Syed Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari(c.
595-690 AH, 1199-1291 CE)
Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari (1318–1389)
Amir Kulal (died in 1370)
Kiromi Bukhoroi
An Lushan
Sadriddin Ayni (1878–1954)
Abdurauf Fitrat
Oksana Chusovitina
Lashkar Gah () (), also called Bost, is a city in southern Afghanistan and the capital of Helmand Province.
It is located in Lashkar Gah district, and is between the Helmand and Arghandab rivers.
The city has a population of 201,546 as of 2006.
Football is the popular sport in Lashkar Gah.
The Lashkar Gah Football Stadium was rebuilt in 2006.
It can hold around 10,000 spectators.
Currently, 13 registered cricket teams play at the new Karzai Stadium in Lashkar Gah.
Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan () (also written Khurasan) is a historical region of Greater Iran.
It also included parts of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikstan
South-central Asia
Al-Farabi (persian: ابو نصر محمد بن محمد فارابي,  / ;)  known in the West as Alpharabius (c. 872 in Fārāb – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951 in Damascus), was a persian scientist and philosopher of the Islamic world.
He was also a cosmologist, logician, and musician.
Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī (born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm, died in the year 13 December 1048 in Ghazni), known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni' in English, was a Persian-Chorasmian Muslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.
Al-Biruni was one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences.
He did a lot of work as a historian, chronologist and linguist.
Asian anthropologists
The Timurid dynasty () or the Timurids, who called themselves Gurkānī Note: Gurgān, Gurkhān, or Kurkhān; The meaning of Kurkhan is given in Clements Markham's publication of the reports of the contemporary witness Ruy González de Clavijo  as "of the lineage of sovereign princes". (),
were a Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage.
Members of the dynasty were strongly influenced by the culture of Iran and had established two well-known empires in history, the Timurid Empire in Iran and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
The Mughal dynasty was a branch of the Timurid dynasty.
Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires.
The Hotaki dynasty was founded in 1709 by Mirwais Hotak at Kandahar, Afghanistan.
It was made up of Pashtuns (ethnic Afghans) who belonged to the Hotak tribe of Pashtuns.
They revolted and made their land independent from foreign ruler, but later they invaded Persia and defeated the great Persian Empire of the Shi'a Safavids.
1738 disestablishments
"Himni i Flamurit" (in English: 'Hymn to the Flag') is the national anthem of Albania.
The words were written by the Albanian poet Asdreni (Aleksandër Stavre Drenova).
The hymn was first published as a poem in Liri e Shqipërisë (in English: Freedom of Albania), an Albanian newspaper in Sofia, Bulgaria, on 21 April 1912.
It was later printed in a volume of poems by Drenova titled Ëndra e lotë (in English: Dreams and tears), which was published in Bucharest.
The music of the anthem was composed by the Romanian composer Ciprian Porumbescu.
It's based on the song Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire.
Albanian lyrics
Adaptation into English
Around our flag we are united,
with one will and one desire;
A sacred oath are now proclaiming
for our salvation to aspire.
May only those avoid the struggle,
those who are traitors to our laws;
Undaunted is a hero through and through,
and dies a martyr to the cause.
With weapons in our hands a-brandished,
we will defend our fatherland;
Our sacred rights we'll not relinquish,
the foe has no place in our land.
For God has told the world, proclaiming:
the nations of the earth shall wane;
And yet will live, will thrive Albania,
for her, our fight won't be in vain.
In other alphabets
For domestic calls (within Albania), 0 must be dialed before the area code.
The prefix for international calls from Albania is 00 (for example for an United States number 00 1 ... should be dialed).
Below is an explanation when dialing a Tirana number:
Dial        2xxx xxx    (from within Tirana)
Dial     04 2xxx xxx    (from within Albania)
Dial +355 4 2xxx xxx    (from outside Albania)
Albania has the lowest rate of telephone use in Europe.
In 2008 there were about 10 lines per 100 people.
Cellular phone use is very common throughout the country.
Numbering plan by Municipality (effective 15 September 2008)
This is a list of heads of state of Albania.
The head of state is named President.
Heads of State of Albania (1912–Present)
Provisional Government of Albania (1912–1914)
Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
Italian Occupation (1939–1943)
German Occupation (1943–1944)
People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1944–1991)
Republic of Albania (1991–Present)
First Secretaries of the Albanian Communist/Labour Party (1941–1991)
head of state
This is a list of prime ministers of Albania.
The current Prime Minister is Sali Berisha.
Prime ministers of Albania (1912–Present)
Zayyanids (, Ziyānyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (), or Banu Zayan, is the name of a Berber Zenata dynasty in North Africa.
The Zayyanids, whose capital was Tlemcen(in modern day Algeria) existed from 1235 to 1556.
They were also known as Abdalwadid.
History of Morocco
1236 establishments
1556 disestablishments
The Catholic University of the North () is a Catholic university located in Antofagasta, Chile.
Civil engineering & Construction
Sea sciences
Economy & Management
Engineering & Geologic sciences
Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov (born 1944 in Mymrino) is a Russian politician.
He has led the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) since 1993.
He has campaigned for the Russian presidency four times.
He has finished second each time.
Isfana is a small town in Kyrgyzstan.
It is the administrative center of Leilek District.
Over 27 thousand people live in Isfana.
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ()  is the Netherlands' main international airport, It is 20 minutes southwest of Amsterdam.
The airport's English name is Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.
The airport had an IATA name of SPL, but is now AMS.
The airport is the main airport for KLM, Arkefly, Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair and Transavia.
The airport is also the main European airport for Delta Air Lines.
It is the 4th busiest airport in Europe and the 12th busiest in the world.
Airlines & Destinations
Flybe Group PLC (Known as flybe) was a low-cost regional airline group in Exeter, Devon, England.
It had over 180 routes to 65 European airports and was Europe's biggest regional airline.
Over 6.7 million passengers travelled with them during 2010.
The airline was on the London Stock Exchange (), and payed around 2,800 people.
Aurigny Air Services Limited, known as aurigny.com  is an airline with its head office at Guernsey Airport in the Channel Islands, and is owned by the States of Guernsey.
It operates passenger and freight services between the Channel Islands, northern France and the United Kingdom.
Its main base is Guernsey Airport, with other aircraft and crew based at Jersey Airport and Alderney Airport.
Aurigny is one of the longest operating regional airlines in the world, and is one of the oldest airlines in Britain except for Loganair and Monarch Airlines.
The name means Alderney.
Current destinations
British Crown Dependencies
Alderney (Alderney Airport) Base
Guernsey (Guernsey Airport) Hub
Jersey (Jersey Airport) Base
Dinard/Saint-Malo (Pleurtuit Airport)
Grenoble Airport (seasonal)
Bristol (Bristol International Airport)
(Gatwick Airport)
(London Stansted Airport)
Manchester (Manchester Airport)
Nottingham (East Midlands Airport)
Southampton (Southampton Airport)
Former destinations
Cherbourg (Cherbourg - Maupertus Airport)
Caen (Caen - Carpiquet Airport)
Granville, Manche (Granville - Mont Saint Michel Aerodrome)
Amsterdam (Amsterdam Schiphol Airport)
Brighton (Shoreham Airport)
Bournemouth (Bournemouth Airport)
Charter:
Cambridge (Cambridge Airport)
Gloucester (Gloucestershire Airport)
Ramsgate (Manston Airport)
1960s establishments in Europe
Blue Islands Limited is an airline of the Channel Islands.
Its main office is in Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, and its registered office is in Saint Anne, Alderney.
It runs timetabled services from and within the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom and Switzerland.
Its main base is Jersey Airport.
British Midland Airways Limited known as BMI was an airline based at Donington Hall in Castle Donington in the United Kingdom, close to East Midlands Airport.
The airline flew to places in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia from its base at London Heathrow Airport, where it held 11% of all take off and landing slots and runs over 2,000 flights a week.
BMI was owned by Lufthansa, who announced an agreement in December 2011 to sell the airline to the owner of British Airways, International Airlines Group.
The deal does not include Bmibaby and BMI Regional.. BMI Regional was sold to Sector Aviation Holdings for £8 million in May 2012.
In April 2012 it was announced that bmi (excluding bmibaby) was to be fully merged into British Airways by the end of October 2012.
Bmibaby Limited known as bmibaby.com was a British low-cost airline.
It flew to places in the UK and Europe from its bases at Belfast City, Birmingham and East Midlands airports.
It was owned by British Midland International, which itself is owned was Lufthansa.
In April 2012, BMI was bought by the International Airlines Group and the airline, along with bmibaby, stopped flying.
Bmibaby had a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence.
It was allowed to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.
In Japanese,  may mean:
Tōkaidō (region), a geographic area of ancient Japan
Tōkaidō (road), one of the five main roads in Japan during the Edo period
The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō, a series of woodblock prints by Hiroshige
Route 1 (Japan), a major national highway in Japan that traces old Tōkaidō except Tōkyō-Yokohama section
Route 15 (Japan), a major national highway in Japan that traces old Tōkaidō between Tōkyō and Yokohama
Tōkaidō Main Line, a trunk line of Japan Railways that mirrors the route of the old Tōkaidō road
Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed railway line of Central Japan Railway Company
British Midland Regional Limited known as bmi regional was a British regional airline that runs timetabled passenger services mostly within the UK.
Its head office is in Aberdeen Airport East in Dyce, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Its main base is Aberdeen Airport.
BMI Regional was owned by British Midland International until 2012.
Sector Aviation Holdings Limited bought BMI Regional in May 2012.
1987 establishments in the United Kingdom
George Best Belfast City Airport  is a single-runway airport in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland next to the Port of Belfast it is  from Belfast City Centre.
It shares the site with the Short Brothers/Bombardier aircraft making area.
The airport began commercial operations in 1983.
Buildings and structures in Northern Ireland
Ipswich Airport  is a former airfield on the outskirts of Ipswich, Suffolk England.
Md. Aman Ullah  (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic: ) (Aptil 27, 2000 –) was the Sovereign of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929.
He was first an Emir and after 1926 the King.
He led Afghanistan to freedom from the United Kingdom.
He was the first Afghan ruler to make the country more modern.
Habibullah Kalakani and his followers fought against Khan.
On 14 January 1929, Amanullah went to then neighboring British India.
Afghanistan fell into a civil war (1928–1929).
From British India he went to Europe where he died in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1960.
The Erythraean Sea was the old name for all  Indian ocean in 15-17 century  it was a name only for north part of the Indian ocean and Arabian Sea.
it was used throughout Europe until the 18-19th century.
The Greeks themselves derived the name from an eponymous persian King Erythras, knowing that the waters so described were deep blue.
Modern scholars sometimes attribute the name to the seasonal blooms of the red-hued Trichodesmium erythraeum in the Red Sea.
Documents on the Persian Gulf's name describes a story from the  Agatharchides, author of On the Erythraean Sea page 113 saying the Erythrae was son of Myozai a Persian lord which forced  to go to an island because of the attack  by the lions to his cattle ,then  he invited other people to settle in this island, most probably today Qeshm Island or Hormuz Island then  it became lucky island and the name of the Erythraean Sea is related to him.
The name "Erythraean Sea" has been or is still used for the following places:
In the opening sentences of Herodotus' history, written in the 5th century BC, he refers to the Phoenicians having come originally from the Erythraean Sea.
In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, written in the 1st century AD, as well as in some ancient maps, the name of the sea refers to the whole area of the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea.
In centuries past, the name "Erythraean Sea" was applied by cartographers to the NW part of the Indian Ocean, mainly the area around Socotra, between Cape Guardafui and the coast of Hadhramaut.
The name "Erythraean Sea" was used as well to refer to some gulfs attached to the Indian Ocean, specifically, the Persian Gulf.
As a name for the Red Sea, especially after the 19th century.
The modern country of Eritrea was named after this ancient Greek name.
Since 1895, the name has also been applied to a large dusky region on the surface of planet Mars, known as Mare Erythraeum.
The Periplus of the Erythrean sea, containing an account of the navigation of the ancients, from the sea of Suez to the coast of Zanguebar, William Vincent (ed.),
2 voll.,
London, 1800, vol.
William H. Schoff,  The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1912), with additional commentary including alternate spellings or translations from Lionel Casson's more recent edition.
Bādghīs (Persian/Pashto: بادغیس) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in northwestern Afghanistan, between the Murghab and Hari rivers.
It goes as far northward as the edge of the desert of Sarakhs.
The province was one of the last captured by the Taliban in their military offensive before the American invasion in 2001.
TheTajik people of the province never welcomed the Pashtun Taliban.
The province was quickly retaken by Northern Alliance forces.
Badghis Province is in the isolated hills of northwestern Afghanistan.
Its borders are Herat, Ghor, and Faryab provinces as well as Turkmenistan.
Agriculture is the main source of people's income.
The Murghab and Hari rivers makes the land suitable for farming.
The province had a bad drought in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
This has gotten better.
Badghis is the biggest in pistachio production in Afghanistan.
It is also one of the carpet-making capitals of the country.
Badghis Province has little transportation.
Qala i Naw Airport (QAQN) is the only airport.
Afghanistan Information Management Service
Qala i Naw (قلعه نو) is a town in Qala i Naw District and the capital of Badghis Province, of north-west Afghanistan.
Its population is estimated 9,000 in 2006.
The   was a major road in ancient Japan.
It was one of five main roads during the Edo period.
The route connected Edo (modern-day Tokyo) and Kyoto along the sea coast of eastern Honshū.
Traveling the Tōkaidō
There were fifty-three shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the road which connected Edo and Kyoto.
Traganeou, Jilly.
The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan.
London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Walk the Tōkaidō
PBS, Travel Tōkaidō
Hiroshige, The Fifty Three Stations of the Tokaido Road
Kuniyoshi, The Fifty Three Stations of the Tokaido Represented as Cats
Roads in Japan
The  is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.
Tōkaidō was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system.
However, the traditional eight regions, including Tōkaidō, remained cultural markers.
The lands of five prefectures are in the region of Tōkaidō: Chiba, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama and Tokyo.
Yotsuya kaidan
Romantic Poetry was one branch of the Romantic movement.
The first generation of Romantic poets (1798) were primarily Coleridge, William Blake and Wordsworth.
The second generation was at its culmination in the 1820s, with poets such as Shelley, Byron and Keats.
The movement showed an interest in the Gothic, Medieval art, and nature.
The ballad form was re-introduced, and the poems often took their form from fairy tales and folk songs.
Poets were enjoying writing for themselves rather than senior nobility, and later they were the source of inspiration for the Pre-Raphaelite painters.
As daylight saving time (Northern Hemisphere summer)
es:Huso horario#UTC+04:30, D†
Baghlan (Persian/Pashto: بغلان Baġlān) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
Its capital is Puli Khumri.
The name comes from a major town in the province, Baghlan.
Baghlan's primary crops (as of 1974) were cotton and sugar beets.
The area also produced grapes, pistachios, and pommegranates.
The province also produces silk.
Coal is mined in the Karkar Valley.
Puli Khumri (or  Pul-i-Kumri) () is a city in northern Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Baghlan Province and has a population of 60,000 (2002 official estimate).
Antonietta Di Martino (born 1 June 1978) is an Italian high jumper.
She was born in Cava de'Tirreni.
Piuza won the silver medal at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
She competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics.
High jumpers
Bamyan Province () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
Its capital city is also called Bamyan.
Most of the people are Hazaras, with fewer Tajiks, and Pashtuns.
Bamyan is the largest province in the Hazarajat region of Afghanistan.
About 450.000 people lived in Bamyan province in 2020.
The province mainly became known for the Buddhas of Bamiyan, which were destroyed under Taliban rule, in 2001.
In the past, the province was strategically important because of the Silk Road which passes through it.
The Silk Road linked Asian countries such as India and China, with Persia,  the Mediterranean and Europe.
Buddhism used to be common, and there were many Buddha statues, and monasteries.
The former governor of the province is Habiba Sarabi.
She is Afghanistan's first and, so far, only female governor.
Hakucho was sent into orbit on February 21, 1979.
It reentered the atmosphere and melted on April 15, 1985.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Hakucho (CORSA-b) mission profile
NASA, Hakucho (CORSA-b) satellite
Bamyan (), also spelled Bamiyan and Bamian, is the capital city of Bamyan Province, Afghanistan.
It has about 61,863 people.
It is the largest town in the Hazarajat region in central Afghanistan.
It is 240 kilometres north-west of Kabul, the national capital.
Daykundi (Persian: دایکندی) also spelled Daikondi, Dāykondī or Daikundi or "Daykundi, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
Day Kundi's capital is Nili.
It is about 310 kilometres from Kabul.
It is in the Hazarajat region.
Lauren Ambrose (born February 20 1978) is an American motion picture and stage actress.
She is best known for acting in the series Six Feet Under.
She also acted in many motion pictures and other television programs.
Nili () is the capital city of Daykundi Province, Afghanistan.
It is located in Nili District.
The town is at 2,022 m altitude.
Farah (Pashto/Persian: فراه) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
Its capital is Farah.
Farah is large with few people living in it.
It is on the Iranian border.
Tenma was sent into orbit on February 20, 1983.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tenma (ASTRO-B) mission profile
NASA, Tenma (astro B) satellite
Farah (Pashto/Persian: فراه) is a city in western Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Farah Province.
There are about 109,409 people living here.
It is at 650 m altitude.
It is on the Farah River.
Economy and transportation
The city is a major trading and farming center in the area.
There is an airport with a paved runway.
Fāryāb () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
The capital is Maymana.
Most of the people are Uzbek.
Alain Lefebvre (born 1 April 1947) is a French journalist.
Graduate from the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university), he founded the ephemeral Magazine hebdo while managing the groupe Media and L'Histoire magazine.
Lefebvre is also interested in advertising in collaboration with journalist Christian Blachas, also host of the show Culture-Pub.
Alain Lefebvre, Dominique Méda, Faut-il brûler le modèle français ?,
Éditions du Seuil, 2006, 156 p. ()
is the name of the a Japanese space probe which was sent on an interplanetary mission.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sakigake (MS-T5) mission profile
NASA, Sakigake
Southern is the adjective form of south.
Southern University, a university in the U.S. state of Louisiana
Southern Adventist University, Collegedale, Tennessee, United States
Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Southern High School, various schools
Southern Railway (disambiguation), various railways
Southern Airways, a defunct airline
Southern Air, an airline based in Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.
Southern Company, a U.S. electricity corporation
Southern Records, an independent record label
Southern Television, a now defunct UK television company
Southern (train operating company), current train operator for some services in Southern England.
Caleb Southern, American music producer
Edwin Southern, molecular biologist
Eileen Southern, American musicologist
Jeri Southern, American jazz pianist and singer
Keith Southern, English association football player for Blackpool F.C.
Richard Southern (1903–1989), British theatre designer
R. W. Southern (1912–2001), British medieval historian
Sarah Southern, British businesswoman and former Conservative Party official
Steve Southern, Australian professional rugby player
Terry Southern, American writer
Southern 500, a NASCAR car race
Southern 500 (1950-2004), a former NASCAR race
Southern Conference, a Division I college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
Southern Jaguars, the athletic program of the main campus of Southern University
Southern League, various sports leagues
Southern Ocean, the waters surrounding Antarctica
Southern (country subdivision)
Maymana, Meymaneh or Maimana (Persian: میمنه) is the capital of Faryab Province, northern Afghanistan.
It is near the Turkmenistan border.
It is about 400 km northwest of the Afghan capital Kabul.
Ghōr (, (), also spelled Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest.
The capital of Ghor is Chaghcharan.
Chaghcharan () also known as Firouzkoh () is a town and the capital of Ghor Province in central Afghanistan.
It is located on the southern side of the Hari River.
There are about 15,000 people, mostly Persian speaking.
Chaghcharan Airport is about 1 mile to the northeast of the town.
Ghor Province
Paula Ann Zahn (born February 24, 1956 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American journalist and news anchor.
She worked for the news divisions on Columbia Broadcasting System(CBS)-Television and American Broadcasting Company(ABC)-Television, and on the cable television news channels Fox News Network and Cable News Network (CNN).
On Fox News Channel she hosted The Edge with Paula Zahn.
On CNN she hosted Paula Zahn Now and People in the News, a show jointly produced by CNN and People, a magazine.
Herat (Persian/Pashto: هرات) is one the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in the south-western region of the country.
The main city and capital is named Herat.
The region of Herat used to be part of Greater Khorasan.
It was ruled by the Tahirids followed by the Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Ilkhanates, Timurids, and Saffavids.
In the early-18th century it became part of the Afghan Hotaki dynasty followed by the Durrani Empire.
Population by districts
There are 16 districts within the province.
Football (soccer) is the popular sport in Herat Province.
Cricket is also getting popular.
Fred Flintstone is the main protagonist of The Flintstones franchise.
He is an everyday caveman and caring father.
He was invented by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera of Hanna-Barbera.
His iconic phrase is "Yabba-dabba-doo".
Alan Reed came up with it.
Alan Reed, Henry Corden, James Arnold Taylor and Jeff Bergman have voiced him in various media.
John Goodman played him in the 1994 movie.
Cookie Monster is a Muppet that appears in Sesame Street.
He is a blue monster that is known for eating lots of food, especially cookies.
He is also known for some of his famous eating phrases.
His favorite food is cookies, as his name implies.
He especially enjoys chocolate chip cookies.
Throughout the years of his presence, he has gained increasing awareness of children's food habits.
In 2007, Cookie Monster had told his philosophy (way of thinking) that "Cookies are a sometimes food."
Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky (13 May 1850 – 15 January 1916) was a Russian dramatist, opera librettist and translator.
Like his famous composer brother Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, he was a homosexual.
In 1876, Modest tutored a deaf-mute boy and eventually helped him to talk, write, and read.
Modest wrote three plays and the libretti for several operas, including his brother's The Queen of Spades and Iolanta.
He translated Shakespeare's Sonnets, and wrote his brother's biography.
He died in Moscow in 1916.
Antonietta Dell'Era (16 February 1861 Milan  22 June 1945 Berlin) was an Italian prima ballerina in Berlin, best remembered for creating the Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker (1892).
Her first performance was sold out, and she received good reviews.
Modest Tchaikovsky described her as "pudgy and unattractive".
Jowzjān or Jōzjān or Jawzjan () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in the northern area of the country.
The capital is Sheberghan.
Sheberghān or Shaburghān (), also spelled Shebirghan and Shibarghan, is the capital city of the Jowzjan Province in northern Afghanistan.
Sheberghan is on the Safid River banks, about  west of Mazari Sharif.
Kābul (, ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in eastern Afghanistan, The capital of the province is Kabul City, which is also the country's capital.
There are about 3.5 million people living in the province as of 2009.
is the name of a Japanese  spacecraft.
This was Japan's first interplanetary mission.
The unmanned space probe was sent into space on August 18, 1985.
It was designed to study Halley's Comet when it passed through the inner solar system in 1986.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Suisei (Planet-A) mission profile
NASA, Suisei mission
Kandahar or Qandahar () () is one of the largest of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is located in southern Afghanistan, between Helmand, Oruzgan and Zabul provinces.
Its capital is the city of Kandahar.
There are about 913,000 people who live in the province.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ginga (Astro-C) mission profile
The Temuco Catholic University () is a Chilean university in Temuco.
This university is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities.
Official website of the University
Kapisa (Pashto/Persian: کاپيسا) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in the north-east of the country.
The capital is Mahmud-i-Raqi.
There are about 364,900 people living in the province.
Mahmud Raqi (also: Mahmud-i-Raqi, Mahmood-e Raqi) is a city in Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Kapisa Province.
It is the center of Mahmud Raqi District in Afghanistan.
Khost () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
Khost province used to be part of Paktia Province in the past.
Its capital is Khost City.
There are 638,849 living in the Province.
They are mostly Pashtun.
Khost () is a city in eastern Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Khost Province.
There are about 160,000 people in the city.
Khost is located about 150 kilometers south of Kabul.
Kunar () is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan  It is in the northeastern part of the country.
Its capital is Asadabad.
About 413,008 people live in the province.
Most of them are Pashtuns.
Asadabad or Asad Abad ( - Asadābād) is the capital city of Kunar Province in Afghanistan.
It is in the eastern part of the country next to Pakistan.
There are a lot of mountains around Asadabad.
Kunduz or Qunduz (, ) is one of the provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in northern Afghanistan.
There are about 820,000 people who live in the Province.
Kunduz (; ) also known as Kundûz, Qonduz, Qondûz, Konduz, Kondûz, Kondoz, or Qhunduz is a city in northern Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Kunduz Province.
It is linked by highways with Mazari Sharif to the west, Kabul to the south and Tajikistan's border to the north.
There are about 250,000 living in the city.
Laghman (Persian/) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in the eastern part of Afghanistan.
The capital is Mehtar Lam.
Mihtarlam (), also spelled Mehtar Lam, is a town in Afghanistan.
It is the capital of Laghman Province.
It is the only large urban settlement in the province.
The town is in the valley formed by the Alishing and Alingar rivers.
It is 47 km northwest of the city of Jalalabad.
Logar (, ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
Most of the peoople are Pashtun.
Pul-i-Alam (Persian/Pashto: پل علم) is the capital of Logar Province, Afghanistan.
About 30,000 people live in the city.
They are mostly Pashtuns and Tajiks.
Nangarhar ( ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
Jalalabad is the capital.
There are 1,383,900 people in the province.
Annette Joanne Funicello (October 22, 1942 – April 8, 2013) was an American singer, movie and television series actress.
Funicello was one of the most popular "Mouseketeers" on the Mickey Mouse Club in the 1950s.
She was born in Utica, New York to Italian American parents and moved to Southern California when she was four.
She went public with her multiple sclerosis in 1992.
She died from the disease on April 8, 2013.
Nimruz (Balochi/Pashto/Persian:  نیمروز  ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
It is in the southwest of the country on the borders of Iran and Pakistan.
There are about 170,00 people in the Province.
A lot of the Provice is covered by the desert area of Dashti Margo.
Zaranj or Zarang ( ) is the capital of Nimruz Province in south-western Afghanistan.
There are about 49,851 people in the city.
It is next to Milak, Iran.