the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
These tributaries are Quarry Creek, Corral Creek, Three Mile Creek, and Five Mile Creek.
Leavenworth is in the northeastern part of Kansas.
U.S. Route 73 and Kansas Highway 92 (K-92) intersect (cross) at the city.
It is about  northwest of Kansas City, Missouri.
Omaha, Nebraska is  to the northeast.
Wichita, Kansas is  to the southwest.
The north half of the city is Fort Leavenworth.
Both Leavenworth city and Leavenworth County are a part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.
To the south of Leavenworth is another city: Lansing, Kansas.
Leavenworth is in a part of North America where the climate (weather) changes from humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa) to humid continental (Köppen Dfa).
The summer is hot and humid.
The winter is cold and dry.
The average temperature for the whole year is .
The average low temperature in the winter is  in January.
The average high temperature is  in July.
Usually the temperature only gets hotter than  on 43 days every year.
The temperature gets hotter than  about four days ever year.
The low temperature goes below freezing () for 107 days every year.
The first frost usually happens in October.
The last frost usually happens by April.
Every year, there are about 89.7 days of precipitation. (
Precipitation is any kind of water falling from the sky.
Snow, hail, and rain are kinds of precipitation.)
The city usually gets about  of precipitation.
It also gets about  of snow every year.
It usually snows for eight days every year.
The coldest month of the year is usually January.
The hottest month is usually July.
The most rain usually falls in June.
The hottest temperature ever recorded was  in 1954.
The coldest temperature ever recorded was  in 1989.
The 2010 United States Census found there were 35,251 people living in Leavenworth.
They made up 12,256 households and 8,129 families.
The population density was 1,466.2 people per square mile (566.1/km²).
The people living in Leavenworth were 75.4% white, 15.1% African-American, 0.9% Native American, 1.8% Asian American, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 4.6% from more than one race.
From the middle to late 19th century (1850-1900), there were many Jewish people in Leavenworth.
It was one of the biggest Jewish communities in all of Kansas.
By 1870, there were many Orthodox congregations in Leavenworth.
Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Ōmihachiman, Japan
City of Leavenworth
Cities in Leavenworth County, Kansas
The Arkalochori Axe is a bronze double axe, probably from the 17th century BC.
The axe was found in a cave on Crete, in 1934.
Other items were also found together with the axe.
Possibly, there was an earthquake which rendered the cave inaccessible, at the end of the period SM I. The axe was probably used for a reliious ritual.
The axe is inscribed with fifteen symbols.
It has been suggested that these might be Linear A but Professor Glanville Price agrees with Louis Godart that "the characters on the axe are no more than a 'pseudo-inscription' engraved by an illiterate in uncomprehending imitation of authentic Linear A characters on other similar axes."
The axe and the Phaistos Disc are conserved in the Iraklion Archaeological Museum.
The cave where the axe was found was used from about 2500 BC onwards.
In 1912, 53 bronze swords, and 19 double axes were found there; one of the axes is made of silver.
Such axes often appear on items which have been attributed to the Minoan or Mycenean culture.
One example is the Hagia Triada sarcophagus, which has been dated to the 14th century BC.
When the cave was searched again in 1934, a bigger double axe, made of bronze was found.
This axe is about 30 centimetres wide.
It is special because it bears an inscription.
The symbols on the axe are aligned in three columns.
These characters have been compared to both Linear A and the stamps on the Phaistos disc.
As of 2012, the writing is unreadable.
Together with this axe, hundreds of long swords, knives and double axes were found in the cave.
Most of these were given as offerings, but some are usable.
There are 25 small double axes made of gold and seven made of silver.
Among the axes found, there are a golden axe, and one made of sivler; either axe is only about 5 cm wide.
Both axes (ref AR Zf 1 and AR Zf 2) bear the same inscription of a word in Linear A:
This has been phonetically transcribed as I-DA-MA-TE.
This transcription resembles the name of the goddess Demeter.
The four symbols in Linear A also resemble symbols on the bigger bronze axe.
The findings  indicate that there probably was a temple to a deity linked to military activity in the cave.
The Inscription
Of the fifteen signs, two appear to be unique.
The suggestions for comparison with Linear A and Phaistos Disc glyphs are due to Torsten Timm (2004).
The National College of Arts in  Lahore, Pakistan is usually referred to by its acronym NCA.
It is the oldest fine arts training institute in the country and one of the oldest and best in all of Asia.
The NCA has a rich historical tradition dating back to the days of the British Raj.
During the 1860s, it was established in Lahore, in the Punjab region, as the 'Punjab School of Arts' and was then renamed the 'Mayo School of Arts, Lahore', after Lord Mayo, a Viceroy of India.
In the 1890s, it moved to its present location next to the Lahore Museum and became the 'Mayo College of Arts' and after Partition and Independence of Pakistan in 1947, it was formally designated as the 'National College of Arts'.
John Lockwood Kipling (6 July 1837 – 26 January 1911) was an English art teacher, illustrator, and museum curator, who spent most of his career in British India.
He was the father of the famous writer  Rudyard Kipling.
Most of the original illustrations for Rudyard's renowned Kim (book) (1901) were made by John Lockwood.
As a member of the Imperial House of Japan, he was the patron of various sporting, medical, and international exchange organizations.
As an English-speaking prince he played a significant role in post-World War 2 Japan's reconstruction.
However, he died tragically early due to Tuberculosis.
Princess Chichibu (Yasuhito Shinnōhi Setsuko, née Setsuko Matsudaira) ( 9 September 1909 – 25 August 1995) was the wife of Prince Chichibu (Yasuhito) of Japan, the second son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei.
She was, therefore, a sister-in-law of Emperor Shōwa and an aunt of the present Emperor, Akihito.
After her husband's death from  Tuberculosis in 1953, Princess Chichibu became president of the Japanese Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, honorary president of the Britain-Japan Society, the Sweden-Japan Society, and an honorary vice president of the Japanese Red Cross.
She also maintained close links with old friends active in similar social service ventures around the world.
Guelma () is the capital of Guelma Province and Guelma District.
It is in northeastern Algeria, about  from the Mediterranean coast.
The town of Guelma was created in 1836; and the modern city was established in 1974.
Office de Tourisme de Guelma
Cities in Algeria
Josef Fritzl (born 13 April 1935) is an Austrian criminal and part of the Fritzl case.
He held his daughter captive in a basement dungeon that he built under his house.
Fritzl made his daughter write letters to him and her mother, saying she had joined a cult.
During the 24 years that he had her imprisoned, Fritzl often raped his daughter, and she had seven children by him.
One of the baby boys died and Fritzl burned his body.
The police eventually found out about his crimes when one of the children became very sick and he took her to the hospital.
Fritzl was tried and convicted on several charges, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment in a facility for the mentally ill in March 2009.
Fritzl could become eligible for release after fifteen years, but he is expected to be in prison until he dies.
A forensic psychiatrist diagnosed him with a personality disorder and a sexual disorder.
Superiority bias is when people think too much of themselves without good reason.
They overrate their positive qualities and abilities, and underrate their negative qualities (relative to others).
Other phrases for this are: illusory superiority, the above average effect, leniency error, sense of relative superiority, the primus inter pares effect, and the Lake Wobegon effect.
This was named after Garrison Keillor's fictional town where "all the children are above average".
One problem is the ambiguity of the word "average".
It is logically possible for nearly all of the set to be above the mean if the distribution of abilities is highly skewed.
For example, the mean number of human legs is slightly lower than two, because of a small number of people have only one or no legs.
Hence experiments usually compare subjects to the median of the peer group, since by definition it is impossible for a majority to exceed the median.
A second problem is that people interpret a question in different ways, so maybe most are better than the rest of the group each on their own understanding.
This interpretation is confirmed by experiments which varied the amount of interpretive freedom subjects were given.
As subjects evaluate themselves on a specific, well-defined attribute, illusory superiority remains.
Cognitive tasks
see also Dunning–Kruger effect
In Kruger and Dunning's experiments participants were given specific tasks (such as solving problems in logic, analyzing grammar questions, and deciding whether or not jokes were funny).
They were asked to evaluate their performance on these tasks relative to the rest of the group.
This gave a direct comparison of their actual and perceived performance.
Results were divided into four groups depending on actual performance and it was found that all four groups evaluated their performance as above average, meaning that the lowest-scoring group (the bottom 25%) showed a very large illusory superiority bias.
The researchers attributed this to the fact that the individuals who were worst at performing the tasks were also worst at recognizing skill in those tasks.
This was supported by the fact that, given training, the worst subjects improved their estimate of their rank as well as getting better at the tasks.
Academic ability and job performance
In a survey of faculty at the University of Nebraska, 68% rated themselves in the top 25% for teaching ability.
In a similar survey, 87% of MBA students at Stanford University rated their academic performance as above the median.
Self, friends and peers
One of the first studies that found the effect of illusory superiority was carried out in 1976 by the College Board in the USA.
A survey was attached to the SAT exams (taken by approximately one million students per year), asking the students to rate themselves relative to the median of the sample (rather than the average peer) on a number of vague positive characteristics.
In ratings of leadership ability, 70% of the students put themselves above the median.
In ability to get on well with others, 85% put themselves above the median, and 25% rated themselves in the top 1%.
In Zuckerman and Jost's study, participants were given detailed questionnaires about their friendships and asked to assess their own popularity.
They showed that the participants generally had exaggerated perceptions of their own popularity, particularly in comparison to their own friends.
Relationship happiness
Researchers have also found the effects of illusory superiority in studies into relationship satisfaction.
For example, one study found that participants thought their own relationships were better than others' relationships on average.
They also thought that most people were happy with their relationships.
This study found evidence that the higher the participants rated their own relationship happiness, the more superior they believed their relationship was.
In men, satisfaction was also related to the perception that one's own relationship was superior.
Women's satisfaction was particularly related to the assumption that most others were happy with their relationship.
Illusory superiority effects have been found in a study of health behaviors.
The study involved asking participants to estimate how often they, and their peers, carried out healthy and unhealthy behaviors.
Participants reported that they carried out healthy behaviors more often than the average peer, and unhealthy behaviors less often, as would be expected given the effect of illusory superiority.
These findings were for both past self-report of behaviors and expected future behaviors.
Driving ability
Svenson (1981) surveyed 161 students in Sweden and the United States, asking them to compare their driving safety and skill to the other people in the experiment.
For driving skill, 93% of the US sample and 69% of the Swedish sample put themselves in the top 50% (above the median).
For safety, 88% of the US group and 77% of the Swedish sample put themselves in the top 50%.
McCormick, Walkey and Green (1986) found similar results in their study, asking 178 participants to evaluate their position on eight different dimensions relating to driving skill (examples include the "dangerous-safe" dimension and the "considerate-inconsiderate" dimension).
Only a small minority rated themselves as below average (the midpoint of the dimension scale) at any point, and when all eight dimensions were considered together it was found that almost 80% of participants had evaluated themselves as being above the average driver.
Immunity to bias
Subjects describe themselves in positive terms compared to other people, and this includes describing themselves as less susceptible to bias than other people.
This effect is called the "bias blind spot".
OpenSolaris was an open source Unix operating system from Sun Microsystems.
It was based based Sun's non-free Solaris operating system.
The operating system was known for its ZFS file system.
In 2010, Oracle Corporation bought Sun Microsystems and chose to stop making new versions of OpenSolaris.
OpenSolaris (archived)
Ellen Tyne Daly (born February 21, 1946) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress who is known for her roles as Detective Mary Beth Lacey in Cagney & Lacey and as Maxine Gray in Judging Amy.
She has won six Emmy Awards, an Tony Award, and an Drama Desk Award.
Daly was born on February 21, 1946 in Madison, Wisconsin.
She studied at Brandeis University and at the American Musical and Dramatic Academy.
She was married to Georg Stanford Brown from 1966 until they divorced in 1990.
Her brother is actor Tim Daly; her father was actor James Daly.
Tyne Daly's official web site
The Akhundov Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (Azeri: Axundov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Akademik Opera və Balet Teatrı) is an opera house in Baku, Azerbaijan.
It is used for opera performances and ballet performances.
The building was built in 1911 and is in the Art Nouveau style.
It is in the center of Baku.
It was opened as an opera house in 1920, and in 1927 the opera house was named after the Azerbaijani writer Mirza Fatali Akhundov.
The opera house has 600 seats.
The opera house was renovated in 1985 but burned just after all the restoratory works were finished.
In 1987, the opera house was renovated again, and after all the restoratory works were finished, the opera house finally reopened its doors.
Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater Official Website
Theatres in Baku
Mary Elizabeth "Liz" Smith (February 2, 1923 – November 12, 2017) was an American gossip columnist.
She was known as The Grand Dame of Dish.
She was a journalist for the New York Daily Times.
Smith was born on February 2, 1923 in Fort Worth, Texas.
She was raised in New York City.
Smith studied at the University of Texas at Austin.
She worked for five years at CBS Radio with Mike Wallace.
She was married to George Edward until they divorced.
copy of transcript of her interview with CNN's  Larry King
Dorothy Ann Willis Richards (September 1, 1933 – September 13, 2006) was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Texas.
She first obtained national attention as the state treasurer of Texas, when she delivered the keynote address at the 1988 Democratic National Convention.
Richards served as the 45th Governor of Texas from 1991 to 1995 and was defeated for re-election in 1994 by George W. Bush.
Ann Richards was the second woman governor of Texas.
Richards was born on September 1, 1933 in Lakeview, Texas.
Richards was raised in Austin, Texas.
She studied at Baylor University.
Richards was married to David Richards from 1953 until they divorced in 1984.
They have four children, including former President of Planned Parenthood Cecile Richards.
Biography of Ann Richards from Northeastern University
Remembering Ann Richards  by Molly Ivins
Politicians from Austin, Texas
Susannah York (Susannah Yolande Fletcher, January 9, 1939 – January 15, 2011) was an English movie, stage, voice, radio, and television actress.
She was known for her role as Alice in They Shoot Horses, Don't They?.
She won a BAFTA Award for her role as Alice.
She was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.
York was born on 9 January 1939 in Chelsea, London, England.
She studied at Marr College and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.
York was married to Michael Wells from 1960 until they divorced in 1976.
York died on 15 January 2011, six days after her 72nd birthday in a hospital in Chelsea, London, England from multiple myeloma, aged 72.
He was known for his deep voice and for his roles in Beetlejuice, The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear, and in the broadway version of Camelot as Lancelot.
He won a Grammy Award and a Tony Award.
He was a "lost Canadian".
Goulet was born on November 26, 1933 in Lawrence, Massachusetts.
He studied at Victoria Composite High School and at The Royal Conservatory of Music.
He was married to Louise Longmore from 1956 until they divorced in 1963.
Then he was married to Carol Lawrence from 1963 until they divorced in 1981.
Then he was married to Vera Novak from 1982 until his death in 2007.
Robert Goulet official website
Lucille Theresa Bliss (March 31, 1916 – November 8, 2012) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actress.
She was known for being the voice of Smurfette in The Smurfs.
Bliss was born on March 31, 1916 in New York City, New York.
Her career began in 1935 and lasted until her death in 2012.
Bliss died on November 8, 2012 in Costa Mesa, California from natural causes, aged 96.
Charles Dawson "Daws" Butler (November 16, 1916 – May 18, 1988) was an American actor and comedian.
He was is known for his voice roles as Yogi Bear, Quick Draw McGraw, Snagglepuss, and Huckleberry Hound.
Butler was born on November 16, 1916 in Toledo, Ohio.
Butler's family later moved to Chicago, Illinois were he was raised.
He began his career as an entertainer in Chicago.
Butler was married to Mytris Martin from c. 1940 until his death in 1988.
Butler died from a heart attack in Culver City, California on May 18, 1988, aged 71.
The Official Daws Butler Website
Jimmy Donegan (born around 1940) is an Aboriginal Australian artist.
His painting Papa Tjukurpa munu Pukara won the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2010.
He speaks Pitjantjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra.
His work is held in several major private galleries in Australia and Europe.
The only major public gallery to hold one of his works is the National Gallery of Victoria.
Donegan was born about 1940.
He was born at Yanpan, a rock hole near Ngatuntjarra bore in outback Western Australia.
He grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the Pitjantjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra country around what is now the communities of Papulankutja and Mantamaru.
His family settled at Papulankutja (then known as Blackstone) in the 1950s.
Before he began painting, Donegan worked as a stockman.
He was also a hunter and a craftsman well known for making traditional hunting tools (spears, spear-throwers and boomerangs).
During the early 1970s, Donegan helped to set up outstations in the south-western Pitjantjatjara lands.
His wife was born near Puta Puta, a place close to Kalka in what is now the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands.
The couple and their children originally lived there, but they later moved to Papulankutja, closer to Jimmy's own homeland.
Jimmy's wife, Nuuniwa Imundura Donegan, was also a craftswoman.
During the mid- to late-1990s, she was a member of the Tjanpi Desert Weavers, a project of women producing artistic objects made mainly from grass ().
Their life-sized Tjanpi Grass Toyota, a truck made mostly of desert grasses, won the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2005.
Other examples of her work are now held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, and the National Museum of Australia.
As an artist
Donegan began painting professionally about 2000.
He was one of the first painters at the local co-operative Papulankutja Artists, established in 2001.
Some of his work with Papulankutja was displayed in a group exhibition in Perth in 2005.
During this year, Nuuniwa died, and Donegan moved back to live at Kalka.
The couple's four children were living there, and he returned to live with them.
He started painting for Kalka's community art centre, Ninuku Arts, when it was established in 2006.
Since joining Ninuku Arts, Donegan's work has been featured every year in the annual Desert Mob exhibition in Alice Springs.
It has also been shown in other group exhibitions in Sydney, Canberra, Broome, Melbourne and Adelaide.
He has not had a solo exhibition.
Donegan's paintings depict ancestral stories from the Dreamtime, which have spiritual significance for his family.
He mostly focuses on stories relating to his paternal (his father's and grandfather's) heritage.
His father was Dulu, a rock hole in the Gibson Desert where there are lots of dingoes.
It is associated with the Dingo Dreaming ().
His grandfather's country is Pukara, a sacred men's site south of Irrunytju that is closely associated with the story of the two snake men ().
These are stories are about how the land was created.
Donegan's most famous painting, Papa Tjukurpa munu Pukara, combined both of these stories onto a single canvas.
It is a composition of several different styles and techniques.
The painting won the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in August 2010.
It was given the award for best painting, and was then chosen for the overall prize from the winners of each of the five categories.
It was the first time Donegan had entered his artwork into a competition.
Jimmy Donegan  at Ninuku Arts
The park was established soon after the foundation of Abbotabad town itself (January 1853) by Major James Abbott.
As distinct from the Company Bagh (East India Company Park) which was also founded down in the main bazaar for the recreation of "natives", the Ladies Garden was exclusively for the use of European or White ladies and families.
It was laid out over a whole block of the urban military cantonment area, opposite to St Luke's Church, Abbottabad.
A number of trees and flowers imported from England and other places were also planted here.
The park is a very popular recreational place for the citizens of Abbottabad.
Apart from the general, open area with lawns and walks etc.,
a section has also been segregated for women and children, with swings, slides, see-saws and so on.
A small snack-bar and benches are also placed in a pleasant location, under some fine old trees.
A special feature of the park is the copy of the farewell poem written by Major Abbott, the town's founder, which has been carved on a big stone slab beneath a majestic cedar tree.
Many tourists come to see and read this and get themselves photographed here (See Link Below for Abbott Poem Text).
The Urdu poem "Abar" (Rain-cloud) by the national poet of Pakistan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal was written during a visit to this park in the town during the British period, in the early 20th century (probably in 1904).
The park is mentioned in passing for its beautiful old trees in a poem by Pakistani poet and writer, Omer Tarin in the collection A Sad Piper, 1st edition, Islamabad, 1994.
Text of Abbottabad Poem at English Wikipedia, by Major James Abbott; Retrieved 17 November 2012
A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate made of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material.
It is usually placed on a wall or a large stone.
It usually has text and sometimes an image in memory of one or more persons, as used for epitaph, an event, a former use of the place, or some other thing.
A plaquette is a small plaque.
The word plaquette is not usually used for outdoor plaques fixed to walls.
In England there is the Blue Plaques scheme.
Plaques are put on to buildings to commemorate their links with important people or events.
The scheme has been run by English Heritage for over 140 years and is thought to be the oldest of its kind in the world.
Other commemorative plaque schemes are run by local councils and charities throughout the United Kingdom.
These use their own rules for deciding when to put up a plaque.
A list of schemes in England can be found on the English Heritage website.
Plaques or, more often, plaquettes, are also given as awards instead of trophies or ribbons.
Such plaques usually have text describing the reason for the award and, often, the date of the award.
History of the First World War bronze memorial plaques
WW I memorial plaques history
Gallery of Commemorative Plaques carved by lettercutter Ieuan Rees
Blue Plaque Scheme: English Heritage
Open Plaques - list of commemorative plaques in UK and elsewhere
Valonia ventricosa, also known as "bubble algae" and "sailors’ eyeballs", is a species of algae found in oceans throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions.
It is one of the largest single-celled organisms.
However, although genuinely a single cell, it has more than one nucleus.
Valonia ventricosa usually grow alone, but sometimes they grow in groups.
They appear in the littoral zones and continental shelf of tropical and subtropical areas, like the Caribbean, north to Florida, south to Brazil, and in the Indo-Pacific.
Overall, they inhabit most oceans in the world, often living in broken coral.
Physiology and reproduction
The single-cell organism has a spherical to ovoid (egg-like) shape.
The colour varies from grass green to dark green (though in deep dark water they may appear to be silver, teal, or even blackish).
This is determined by the number of chloroplasts of the specimen.
The surface of the cell shines like glass.
The body is a thin-walled, tough, single cell with more than one nucleus.
The diameter is usually from  although it may get to  in rare cases.
The "bubble" alga is attached to the bottom by fibres: "... anchored to a substrate by minute hair-like appendages called rhizoids that create a surprisingly strong hold".
Because its cells are so large, Valonia ventricosa has been used to study the permeability of cell membranes.
< In studying the cellulose lattice in the cell wall, Valonia ventricosa has undergone extensive X-ray analytical procedures.
It has also been studied for its electrical properties, due to its unusually high electrical potential relative to the seawater that surrounds it.
Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792–1857), Dogra Rajput,  was the founder of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
It was the second largest princely state in British India.
Though he was a man of principles, his descendents especially Hari Singh then turned out to be an autocratic ruler who suppressed the Muslims during his reign.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder of the Sikh Empire, which came to power in the Indian subcontinent from the 16th-19th century.
This was based in the Punjab region, from around 1799 to 1849.
The capital was at Lahore.
The Dogra are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group in South Asia.
Dogras are mostly believed to be of Rajput origins.
They are largely settled in the hilly areas of Jammu, in India.
In terms of religion, they are mostly Hindus, with some Sikhs and Muslims too.
The Tiwana  are a Punjabi  Jatt and Rajput  clan from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.
The Tiwanas in Indian Punjab are mostly Sikhs, while the Tiwanas of Pakistani Punjab are almost all Muslims.
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 15 is the fifteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model.
It premiered on September 8, 2010.
The episode titles for this cycle were based on the guest judges.
The international destinations for this cycle are Venice, Milan, Verona and Como.
The winner was 19-year-old Ann Ward from Dallas, Texas.
The contestant won the reward challenge but was eliminated
In episode 1, the pool of 21 girls was reduced to 14 who moved on to the main competition.
In episode 3, Terra was eliminated after makeovers, and was therefore not present at panel for judging.
Episode 12 was the recap episode.
Episode 1 photo shoot: Paired up wearing Cynthia Rowley designs (casting)
Episode 2 photo shoot: Teen bullying
Episode 3 photo shoot: Fallen angels
Episode 4 photo shoot: Underwater beauty shots
Episode 5 photo shoot: Lucha Va Voom
Episode 6 photo shoot: Walking down Rodeo Drive
Episode 7 photo shoot: Portraying iconic fashion designers
Episode 8 commercial: H2T water on roller skates
Episode 9 photo shoot: Gondola group shoot with a cassanova
Episode 10 photo shoot: Marble statues coming to life
Episode 11 motion editorial: Modelli folli ("model madness")
Episode 13 photo shoot and commercial: CoverGirl Lash Blast Fusion print ad and commercial & beauty In Vogue spread
Sir Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana KCSI, OBE (7 August 1900 – 20 January 1975) () was a Punjabi politician of British India.
He was a member of the Unionist Party (Punjab).
He remained Premier of the Punjab region from 1942 to 1947, just before the Partition of India.
He was from a Tiwana Rajput landowning family which had been prominent since the 15th and 16th centuries.
His father Malik Sir Umar Hayat Tiwana had also been a faithful vassal of the British Raj and did much to elevate the family further.
The Tarar are a Jatt clan of India and Pakistan.
They mostly live in the Punjab region in both these countries.
Tarars in Indian Punjab are mostly Hindus and Sikhs while those in Pakistani Punjab are all Muslims.
Pahalgam () is a town in India.
It is located in the Anantnag District in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Common Ivy (Hedera helix) is a vine.
It is evergreen - it does not lose its leaves in winter.
Originally, the plant grew on the Macaronesian islands, but it spread  through the Mediterranean and Europe to Asia.
It is often used as a decorative plant in gardens.
Ivy is very important for ecology: its nectar and seeds are available when few other plants are.
Sometimes ivy is considered to be an invasive species, esp.
in North America.
Hedera helix  at Weedbusters (New Zealand)
The Know Ivy League at the City of Portland, Park & Recreation Bureau website
The Macaronesian islands, or simply Macaronesia is a modern name for several groups of islands of volcanic origin in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Europe and Africa.
They belong to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde.
Macaronesia (Greek: makáron 'blessed', 'happy', nêsoi 'island'; 'blessed/fortunate islands').
This term was used by Ancient Greek geographers for islands to the west of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The modern use of the term Macaronesia goes to the botanist Philip Barker Webb in the 1830s for botanical descriptions.
The name is occasionally misspelled "Macronesia" in analogy with Micronesia.
Islands included
Portuguese islands
Azores (): area , population 245,746 (2012)
Madeira Islands (): area , population 267,785 (2011)
Spanish islands
Canary Islands (): area , population 2,117,519 (2011)
Cape Verde (): area , population 523,568 (2013 est.)
Spanish is spoken in the Canary Islands and Portuguese in the rest of the islands.
Cape Verde was a colony of Portugal but it is independent since 1975.
The climate of the Macaronesian islands goes from Mediterranean in the Azores and Madeira to arid in Cape Verde.
The Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a generally cooler climate and higher rainfall than the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
The islands have a unique biogeography, and are home to several distinct plant and animal communities.
The laurel forests, known as laurisilva, of Macaronesia are a type of mountain cloud forest with species of a vegetation type which originally covered much of the Mediterranean Basin when the climate of the region was more humid and evolved to adapt to island conditions.
These forests once covered most of the Azores, Madeira, and parts of the Canary Islands ("Canaries") between 400–1200 m altitude (the eastern Canaries and Cape Verde being too dry).
Conservation issues
Cutting the trees for timber and wood, clearing vegetation for grazing and agriculture, and the introduction of plants and animals by humans has displaced much of the native vegetation.
The laurisilva has been reduced to small pockets.
As a result, many of the endemic biota of the islands are seriously endangered or extinct.
Jérôme Petit et Guillaume Prudent, « Macaronésie », Changement climatique et biodiversité dans l’outre-mer européen, UICN/ONERC, 2008, p. 124-137
Dhamrai Jagannath Roth is a temple that is actually a chariot, that is located in the city of Dhamrai in Bangladesh.
The temple is dedicated to the Hindu God Jagannath.
The chariot is carved from wood, with many decorative carvings and paintings, and has six levels with statues inside.
It is taken out in a grand procession once a year for a festival called the Roth Jatra (or the Rathyatra or Rathajatra).
The Roth Jatra in Dhamrai is one of the most important events for the Hindu community of Bangladesh.
Killer Instinct is a fighting game published by Nintendo.
The game premiered on arcade in November 1994 and onto SNES the following year.
Killer Instinct is strongly similar to Street Fighter, except that the characters for this game are different with far more sophistication.
Carl Hilding "Doc" Severinsen (born July 7, 1927) is an American pop and jazz trumpeter.
He is best known for leading the NBC Orchestra on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.
He has won a Grammy Award.
Severinsen was born on July 7, 1927 in Arlington, Oregon.
He was married to Evonne Nyman from 1964 until they divorced in 1976.
He married Emily Marshall in 1980.
Doc Severinsen Discography
Tonight Show Bio
The Warraich or Warraich are found in Pakistan and India.
They mostly live in Pakistani Punjab and also in Indian Punjab.
They belong to Sikh religion and people left in Pakistan converted to Muslim.
Apparently, the roots are all over the Punjab including Pakistan and india.
The majority of Warraich are muslim.
The Warraich from the Pakistani side of Punjab are mostly Muslim, while those from the Indian states of Haryana and Punjab are predominantly Sikh.
In Pakistan, the Warraich are mostly found in the districts of Gujrat and Gujranwala.
They also live in Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Dunyapur Tehsil of Lodhran, Faisalabad and Sargodha.
Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York City.
She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and in New York City.
When she was three years old, her father, Edwin “Teddy” Horne, and her mother, Edna, divorced.
She lived with her grandmother, Cora Calhoun, and her grandfather, Edwin Horne.
Her mother was an actor and singer, but she was not very successful.
She took Lena to the South, where they moved often.
When she returned to Brooklyn, she continued to move often.
After her career started, Horne married Louis Jones.
They divorced later.
They had two children, Gail and Edwin “Teddy”.
Then, she was married to Leonard George “Lennie” Hayton, a white musician.
Because marriage between two races was against the law in California, they were married in Paris, France.
In 1970, Horne’s son and father died.
The year after, Horne’s husband died of a heart attack.
Even though her parents did not want her to be a singer, she still spent a lot of time doing it.
Her family thought that she was able to do better things.
Later, she decided to leave high-school to spend her time singing.
Horne cared a lot about helping people without equality.
Horne was a singer, actress, and dancer.
She mostly sang a type of music called the blues and had a strong voice.
Horne began her career in the arts by dancing and singing at the Cotton Club when she was 16.
When she was 25, Horne became the first black singer with a long term singing contract.
A few years later she was very popular in clubs.
In the 1940s and 1950s she was in many movies and musicals, such as Stormy Weather, The Wiz, Ziegfeld Follies, Till the Clouds Roll By, Death of a Gunfighter, and in The Duke is Tops.
At age 46, Horne wrote a book about herself called “Lena.”
She won the Spingarn Medal, the Tony Award, and the Drama Desk Award.
Horne won these awards at ages 64 and 66.
Horne died on May 9, 2010 in New York City, New York from heart failure, aged 92.[1]
Francis Preston Blair, Sr. (
April 12, 1791 – October 18, 1876) or Preston Blair was an American journalist and politician, before and during the American Civil War.
Blair wanted to reunite the North and the South during the war.
Blair helped to create the Republican Party.
He supported many Democrats, but was mostly the ally of Republican President Abraham Lincoln.
He is nicknamed The Father of the Republican Party since he was one of the men who started the Republican Party.
Blair was born at Abingdon, Virginia on April 12, 1791.
He moved to Kentucky and later graduated from Transylvania University in 1811.
Blair became a journalist in Frankfort, Kentucky and Washington D.C., and a prominent leader of the Democrats.
He was married to Eliza Violet Gist from 1812 until his death in 1876.
He founded Silver Spring, the second largest city in Maryland, in 1840.
Blair helped create the Republican Party and supported the first nominee of the party, Abraham Lincoln.
Although he had slaves, Blair was said that after the Mexican War that slavery should not be extended beyond where it was allowed.
In 1848 he actively supported Martin Van Buren, the Free Soil Party candidate for the presidency.
Later, he supported Franklin Pierce, but then went on to help organize the new Republican Party in supporting Anti-Slavery reforms at a convention at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in February 1856.
Blair wanted John C. Frémont for president and supported him at the June 1856 convention.
At the 1860 convention he supported the nomination of Edward Bates as president.
When it was clear that Bates would not be nominated, Blair then supported the nomination of Abraham Lincoln.
Blair helped many democratic politicians to vote yes on making slavery illegal and becoming the 13th Amendment.
Blair asked President Lincoln that once Savannah, Georgia fell, he should travel to the capital of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia to talk to President Jefferson Davis, whom he knew.
He organized a peace conference that failed.
In 1862, Blair had told his slaves that they could "go when they wished."
He said that "all but one declined the privilege," choosing to stay on as servants.
Blair died on October 18, 1876 in Silver Spring, Maryland from natural causes, aged 85.
He was later buried at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C. His wife, Eliza, died on July 5, 1877, a year after his death.
In Steven Spielberg's 2012 biography movie Lincoln, Blair was played by actor Hal Holbrook.
Francis Preston Blair, Sr.
at Find A Grave
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants, also known as the Aralia family (after its type genus Aralia) or ivy family.
The family includes 254 species of trees, shrubs, lianas and perennial herbaceous plants in two subfamilies.
Species usually bear pinnately or palmately compound leaves, and usually have small flowers produced in large panicles.
Hindkowans is a general term used to identify speakers of the Hindko dialect of North Punjabi (claimed to be a separate language, according to some people) within Pakistan.
In fact this is not an ethnic grouping or category properly speaking, and comprises diverse elements in the Punjab, and small amount in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and in Mianwali District and Dera Ghazi Khan areas of Punjab (Pakistan).
Patricia Neal (January 20, 1926 – August 8, 2010) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actress who is known for her roles in Breakfast at Tiffany's, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Hud, A Face in the Crowd, and in The Fountainhead.
She has won an Academy Award in 1963, two BAFTA Awards in 1963 and in 1965, an Golden Globe Award 1971, and an Tony Award in 1947.
Neal was born on January 20, 1926 in Packard, Kentucky.
She was raised in Knoxville, Tennessee.
She studied at Knoxville High School and at Northwestern University.
Neal was married to Roald Dahl from 1953 until they divorced in 1983.
She was partners with Gary Cooper before she meet Dahl.
Neal died on August 8, 2010 in Edgartown, Massachusetts from lung cancer, aged 84.
Thaddeus Stevens (April 4, 1792 – August 11, 1868) was an American Republican leader.
He was one of the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives from 1849 until his death in 1868.
He was chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee.
Stevens was a witty, sarcastic speaker and confident party leader.
He dominated the House from 1861 until his death.
Stevens helped create the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
He also helped with the act that helped the Reconstruction of the United States.
Stevens was born in Danville, Vermont on April 4, 1792.
He went to  Dartmouth College and the University of Vermont.
Stevens was never married and had no children.
He was in a relationship with his black housekeeper even when slavery was legal.
He wore a wig because he was bald.
He wrote much of the financial legislation that paid for the American Civil War.
Stevens and Senator Charles Sumner were the prime leaders of the Radical Republicans during the war and Reconstruction era.
He worked and supported Abraham Lincoln's plan to end slavery and the U.S. reconstruction plan.
He was part of Andrew Johnson's impeachment.
Stevens died on August 11, 1868 in Washington, D.C. from a stomach infection, aged 76.
He was buried in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Stevens never married.
However, there were rumors about his 20-year relationship (1848–1868) with his widowed housekeeper, Lydia Hamilton Smith (1813–1884).
She was a light-skinned African-American; her husband Jacob and at least one of her sons were much darker than she was.
He was played by actor Tommy Lee Jones in Steven Spielberg's 2012 biography movie Lincoln.
Stevens and Smith Historic Site
Thaddeus Stevens Society
Thaddeus Stevens's Legacy
| name           = Lincoln
| border         = no
| director       = Steven Spielberg
| producer       = Steven SpielbergKathleen Kennedy
| screenplay     = Tony Kushner
| starring       = Daniel Day-LewisSally FieldDavid StrathairnJoseph Gordon-LevittJared HarrisHal HolbrookTommy Lee JonesJackie Earle HaleyStephen HendersonGloria Reuben
| music          = John Williams
| cinematography = Janusz Kamiński
| editing        = Michael Kahn
| studio         = Reliance EntertainmentParticipant MediaAmblin EntertainmentThe Kennedy/Marshall Company
| distributor    = DreamWorks Studios through Touchstone Pictures20th Century Fox
| runtime        = 150 minutes
| country        = United States
| budget         = $50-65 million<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lincoln.htm Lincolns budget]</ref>
| gross          = $1,418,836
}}Lincoln''' is a 2012 biographical war drama movie that is based on events during the life of the 16th POTUS Abraham Lincoln.
The movie was made by Disney's Touchstone label, DreamWorks, and 20th Century Fox.
The movie is based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's book Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln.
PlotLincoln tells about President Abraham Lincoln during January 1865, in his efforts to pass the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States House of Representatives, which would finally ban slavery in the country.
Expecting the Civil War to end within a month but concerned that his 1863 Emancipation Proclamation may be rejected by the courts once the war has stopped and the 13th Amendment defeated by the returning slave states.
President Lincoln seeks help from his cabinet including the founder of the Republican Party Francis Preston Blair who can help congress vote yes on stopping slavery.
As he talks about the Democrats saying no, Lincoln talks to Secretary of State William H. Seward about the problem of Democrats.
As Thaddeus Stevens convinces the congress to vote yes on abolishing slavery, Union Army General Ulysses S. Grant received a surrender from Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
Later on April 14, 1865, Lincoln has a final meeting with his cabinet and prepares to go to a play with his wife Mary Todd Lincoln.
The movie ends when Lincoln's son receives the news that his father died after being shot at Ford's Theater.
As the movie ends it shows flashbacks of Lincoln's second inaugural address.
Daniel Day-Lewis as the 16th President of the United States of America Abraham Lincoln.
Sally Field as the 17th First Lady of the United States of America Mary Todd Lincoln.
Tommy Lee Jones as Pennsylvania House of Representatives member and radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens.
David Strathairn as Secretary of State William H. Seward.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Robert Todd Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's only son to live through adulthood.
Gulliver McGrath as Tad Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's 12-year-old son.
Lee Pace as Democratic Congressman Fernando Wood.
Jackie Earle Haley as the Confederate States Vice President Alexander H. Stephens.
Gloria Reuben as Elizabeth Keckley, Lincoln's housekeeper.
Bruce McGill as Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
Jared Harris as Union Army General and future 18th President of the United States of America Ulysses S. Grant.
Hal Holbrook as Francis Preston Blair, a journalist who tries to reunite the United States and the Confederate States.
Wayne Duvall as Ohio Republican State Senator Benjamin Wade.
Joseph Croos as John Hay, Lincoln's assistant and secretary.
Stephen Henderson as William Slade, Lincoln's valet.
Peter McRobbie as Ohio Democrat, U.S. Representative George H. Pendleton.
Bill Raymond as Schuyler Colfax, a Republican politician who was the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
As of November 22, 2012, the movie has made $32,291,000 from 1,775 theaters.
The movie opened at 11 theaters with $944,308 and an average of $85,846 per theater.
It opened at the #15 rank, becoming the highest opening of a movie with such a limited release.
The movie was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including: Best Musical Score for John Williams, Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones, Best Supporting Actress for Sally Field, Best Screenplay for Tony Kushner, Best Director Steven Spielberg, and Best Movie.
The movie only won one Golden Globe, given to Daniel Day-Lewis for Best Leading Actor.
The movie was nominated for four Screen Actors Guild Awards including: Best Crew in a Motion Picture, Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role for Sally Field.
It won two for Best Supporting Actor for Tommy Lee Jones and Best Male Actor in a Leading Role for Daniel Day-Lewis.
The movie was nominated for 12 Academy Awards some of them includes: Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Cinematography, Best Sound Mixing, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score.
Lincoln won the Academy Award for Best Production Design to Rick Carter and Jim Ericson.
DVDLincoln'' was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on March 26, 2013 from Touchstone Home Entertainment.
The release was produced in two different physical packages: a 2-disc combo pack (Blu-ray and DVD); and a 1-disc DVD.
2010s war movies
Movies featuring a Best Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800 – March 2, 1878) was a U.S. lawyer and United States Senator.
In the Senate, he was associated with the Radical Republicans of that time.
Wade was only one vote away from becoming the President of the United States due to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.
Wade was born on October 27, 1800 in Springfield, Massachusetts.
He was raised in Jefferson, Ohio.
Wade was married to Caroline M. Rosekrans from 1841 until his death in 1878.
Wade died on March 2, 1878 in Jefferson, Ohio from natural causes, aged 77.
Riddle, A.G. (1888).
The life of Benjamin F. Wade.
Cleveland: The Williams Publishing Company