the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Medieval Kerala has been characterised as an oligarchy which was dominated by the Nambudiris, who owned all the temples and their subsidiary villages.
The Nambudiris had influence with the ruling class through the practice of sambandam, where younger Nambudiris used to have relationships with Kshatriya women or women from the upper sections of the Nair caste.
The children of such unions were not considered Nambudiris, but a part of their matrilocal lineages.
As a result of such unions, many kings and ruling chiefs in Kerala would be the offspring of Nambudiri fathers.
These arrangements allowed the Nambudiris to gain political power in addition to religious and cultural dominance.
The Nambudiri's grip on land was maintained through the practice of strict primogeniture and patrilineal inheritance.
Despite their younger members having hypergamous relationships with Nairs, whose caste traditions were matrilineal, Nambudiri families remained aloof from general society.
Although the historian E. K. Pillai has claimed that the Nambudiris from the 1100s enforced matrilineal polyandry on the previously patrilineal communities of the area, sociologist Randall Collins thinks it is unlikely that such a change could be imposed and says that "more probably it was the result of a process of marriage politics spread by emulation in the decentralised situation of status competition."
Some other scholars believe that the matrilineal customs predate the period entirely and cite the queens of the Pandyan dynasty as evidence for this.
The unwillingness of Nambudiris to adapt to changes in wider society persisted until the early years of the 20th century but Susan Bayly believes that their decline in significance can be traced to the period 1729-1748 when Marthanda Varma established the Kingdom of Travancore and chose to use Deshastha Brahmins from Tamil Nadu in his civil service.
She believes that decision undermined the relationship between the Nambudiri Brahmins and royalty in the region, although others have said that Varma's influence was short-lived and that the main cause of change was the arrival of British colonial administrators, such as Colin Macaulay and John Munro, from the early 1800s.
After the passing of the Charter Acts of 1833 and 1853 in the British Parliament, the British encouraged the work of Christian missionaries, notably in provision of education, and began the introduction of a judicial system that would have a significant impact on the landholdings, inheritance customs and marriage arrangements of both the Nambudiris and Nairs.
The traditional basis of life was challenged by these and other changes, affecting also the other major ethnic groups of the area, such as the Ezhavas and the Syrian Christians.
Religious customs
Vedic learning
Rigveda, the Śākala recension which is the only extant recension of the Rigveda across India.
The Nambudiris follow both the  Āśvalāyana and Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtras.
The latter, called the Kauṣītaki tradition among Nambudiris is restricted to them.
Yajurveda, the Taittirīya śākhā with the Baudhāyana, Vādhūla and  Āgniveśya srauta sutras.
Samaveda in the Jaiminīya recension, which is elsewhere found only among the Śōḻiya Brahmans.
Agnicayana
The ancient Vedic ritual of Agnicayana (the altar of fire), which spans a 12-day period and which Frits Staal and Robert Gardner claim to be one of the oldest known rituals, was maintained by Nambudiri Brahmins until at least 1975.
Although it may have largely died out elsewhere in India and thus be symptomatic of the community's resistance to change, David Knipe notes that it is still performed regularly in Andhra Pradesh and has been for centuries.
Attire
Traditionally, they wore a simple cloth around the waist called a thorthu (or thortumundu), in domestic settings.
When they had to travel, they wore two sets of cloth in addition known as a vasthram.
Nambudiris wore their traditional hair tufts (kuṭumi or śikhā) on the front like the Dikshitars of Tamil Nadu.
Marriage customs
Nambudiri Brahmin families practised a more strict version of primogeniture than Brahmin communities elsewhere in India.
Under this custom, only the eldest son could marry a Nambudiri woman and thus produce an heir to the family property.
Younger sons were restricted to sambandam relationships with non-Brahmin women, whom the Nambudiris considered to be concubines and whose offspring could not inherit.
This tradition limited the extent of marriage within their own caste and led to the practice of hypergamy with the Nair community.
Kathleen Gough notes that:
The disparity in caste ranking in a relationship between a Brahmin man and a Nair woman meant that the woman was unable to live with her husband(s) in the Brahmin family and so remained in her own family.
The children resulting from such marriages always became Nairs.
K. M. Panikkar argues that it is this type of relationship that resulted in the matrilineal and matrilocal system.
It has also been argued that the practice, along with judicious selection of the man who tied the thali, formed a part of the Nair aspirational culture whereby they would seek to improve their status within the caste.
Furthermore, that:
Although it is certain that in theory hypergamy can cause a shortage of marriageable women in the lowest ranks of a caste and promote upwards social movement from the lower Nair subdivisions, the numbers involved would have been very small.
It was not a common practice outside the higher subcaste groups and the Nambudiris had mostly stopped the practice by the 1920s.
Koodiyattam (artform)
Josie Natori, (born Josefina Almeda Cruz) is a Filipino-American fashion designer and former Wallstreet executive.
Natori served as a commissioner on the White House Conference on Small Business.
In March 2007, she was awarded the Order of Lakandula, one of the highest civilian awards in the Philippines.
Cat People is a 1942 American horror movie directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Simone Simon, Kent Smith, Jack Holt, Tom Conway, Jane Randolph.
It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures and was followed by the 1944 sequel The Curse of the Cat People and was remade in 1982.
Pangender, bigender, and trigender are examples of multigender identities, sometimes along with androgyne, associated with demigender.
The Saint Thomas Christians are a very old community in Kerala, India also called as  Syrian Christians of India, Nasrani or Malabar Nasrani or Malankara Nasrani or Nasrani Mappila, are an ethno-religious community of Indian Christians from the state of Kerala, who follow the East Syriac Rite, West Syriac Rite and the liturgical rites of Syriac Christianity.
They trace their origins to the evangelistic or missionariy activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.
Nasrani is an Arabic word for "Christian" that came from the Greek word Nazōraioi, Nazarene in English.
The Saint Thomas Christians are now divided into different Churches like Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, Protestant, and independent bodies, each with their own liturgies and traditions.
They are Malayali people and speak the Malayalam language
Saint Thomas Christians are a community with different ethnicities or different origins.
Their culture is largely from East Syriac, West Syriac, Hindu, Jewish, and Latin Rite influences, blended with local customs and later elements derived from indigenous Indian and European colonial contacts.
Their language is Malayalam, the language of Kerala, and Syriac is used for prayers.
The Saint Thomas Christians have also been nicknamed such due to their reverence for Saint Thomas the Apostle, who is said to have brought Christianity to India.
The name dates back to the period of Portuguese colonisation.
They are also known, especially locally, as Nasrani or Nasrani Mappila.
The former means Christian; it appears to have been derived from the Hebrew word Netzer or the Aramaic Nasraya from Isaiah 11:1.
Mappila is an honorific applied to members of non-Indian faiths and descendants of immigrants from the middle east who had intermarried with the local population, including Muslims (Jonaka Mappila) and Jews (Yuda Mappila).
Some Syrian Christians of Travancore continue to attach this honorific title to their names.
The Government of India designates members of the community as Syrian Christians, a term originating with the Dutch colonial authority that distinguishes the Saint Thomas Christians, who used Syriac (within East Syriac Rite or West Syriac Rite) as their liturgical language, from newly evangelised Christians who followed the Roman Rite.
The terms Syrian or Syriac relate not to their ethnicity but to their historical, religious and liturgical connection to the Church of the East, or East Syriac Church.
According to tradition, Thomas the Apostle came to Muziris on the Kerala coast in AD 52 and converted many Nambudiri Brahmins to christianity and established the Ezharapallikal.
The most prominent families amongst the many are Pakalomattam, Sankarapuri, Kalli, Kalliyankal, Nedumpally, Kunnappilly, Payyippilly, Vazhappilly, Maliekkal, Panakkamattom and Thayil.
The Cochin Jews are known to have existed in Kerala in the 1st century AD, and it was possible for an Aramaic-speaking Jew, such as St. Thomas from Galilee, to make a trip to Kerala then.
The earliest known source connecting the Apostle to India is the Acts of Thomas, likely written in the early 3rd century, perhaps in Edessa.
A number of 3rd and 4th century Roman writers also mention Thomas' trip to India, including Ambrose of Milan, Gregory of Nazianzus, Jerome, and Ephrem the Syrian, while Eusebius of Caesarea records that St. Clement of Alexandria's teacher Pantaenus from Alexandria visited a Christian community in India using the Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew language in the 2nd century.
The tradition of origin of the Christians in Kerala is found in a version of the Songs of Thomas or Thomma Parvam, written in 1601 and believed to be a summary of a larger and older work.
Thomas is described as arriving in or around Maliankara and founding Seven Churches, or Ezharapallikal: Kodungallur, Kollam, Niranam, Nilackal (Chayal), Gokkamangalam, Kottakkavu , Palayoor and Thiruvithamcode Arappally (a "half church").
The Thomma Parvam also narrates the conversion of Jews, natives, and the local King at Kodungallur by St Thomas.
The Thomma Parvam further narrates St Thomas's mission in the rest of South India and his martyrdom at Mylapore in present-day Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
There is evidence that  members of the St Thomas Christian community observed Brahmin customs in the Middle Ages, such as the wearing of the sacred thread and having a kudumi.
The medieval historian Pius Malekandathil believes these were customs adopted and privileges won during the beginning of the Brahmin dominance of medieval Kerala.
He argues that the Syrian Christians in Kerala, integrated with Persian Christian migrant merchants, in the 9th century to become a powerful trading community and were granted the privileges by the local rulers to promote revenue generation and to undermine Buddhist and Jain traders who rivaled the Brahmins for religious and political hegemony in Kerala at the time.
Tamil Brahmins are Tamil-speaking Brahmins, primarily living in Tamil Nadu, although a few of them have settled in other states like, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and   Karnataka.
They can be broadly divided into three religious groups, Gurukkals who follow Saivism, Iyers who follow the Srauta and Smartha tradition and Iyengars who follow Sri Vaishnavism.
Tulu Nadu, also called as Tulunaad, is a region on the southwestern coast of India.
The Tulu people, known as 'Tuluva' (plural 'Tuluver'), speakers of Tulu, a Dravidian language, are the preponderant ethnic group of this region.
South Canara, an erstwhile district and a historical area, encompassing the undivided territory of the contemporary Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, and Kasaragod districts, forms the cultural area of the Tuluver.
Historically, Tulu Nadu lay between the Gangavali River (Uttara Kannada district) in the north and the Chandragiri River (Kasaragod taluka) in the south.
Currently, Tulu Nadu consists of the Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, and the northern parts of the Kasaragod district of Kerala up to the Chandragiri River.
This region is not an official administrative entity.
However, the Tulu Nadu state movement has been gaining momentum since the Indian States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
Mangalore, the second largest and a major city of Karnataka, is the chief and largest city of Tulu Nadu.
Udupi, Kasaragod and Puttur are the other major cities of this region.
Family Guy is an American animated sitcom.
It was created by Seth MacFarlane to be shown on television by the Fox Broadcasting Company.
It is on its 19th season with over 350 episodes.
It is behind The Simpsons on being the oldest show on Fox.
On September 23, 2020, Fox said that the show will have 21 seasons.
Season 1 (1999)
Season 2 (1999-2000)
Season 3 (2001-03)
Season 4 (2005-06)
Season 5 (2006-07)
Season 6 (2007-08)
Season 7 (2008-09)
Season 8 (2009-10)
Season 9 (2010-11)
Season 11 (2012-13)
Season 12 (2013-14)
Season 13 (2014-15)
Season 14 (2015-16)
Season 15 (2016-17)
Season 16 (2017-18)
Season 17 (2018-19)
Season 18 (2019-20)
Season 19 (2020-21)
Season 20 (2021-22)
Patharghata () is an Upazila of Barguna District in Bangladesh.
It is a part of the Barisal Division.
It has a total area of 387.36 km2.
Patharghata Upazila is divided into Patharghata Municipality and seven union parishads.
The list of union parishads:
The union parishads are subdivided into 42 mauzas and 66 villages.
Patharghata Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 9 mahallas.
Dolphin shorts or Dolfins are a specific style of unisex shorts for athletics.
They are typically very short and were originally made from nylon with contrasting binding, side slits, and rounded corners, with a waistband at the top—a style popular in the 1980s.
Richard Simmons is iconic for wearing "dolphin shorts" as his trademark.
Mad Max: Fury Road is a 2015 Australian post-apocalyptic action movie.
It was co-written, co-produced, and directed by George Miller.
Miller worked on the screenplay with Brendan McCarthy and Nico Lathouris.
The movie is the fourth installment and "reboot"  of the Mad Max films.
It was produced by Kennedy Miller Mitchell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.
The movie stars Tom Hardy, Charlize Theron, Nicholas Hoult, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Riley Keough, Zoë Kravitz, Abbey Lee and Courtney Eaton.
Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1623 – 1673) was an English aristocrat, philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction-writer, and playwright during the 17th century.
She wrote on many topics, such as gender, power, manners, scientific method, and philosophy.
"Cape Feare" is the second episode in the fifth season of The Simpsons.
It was first shown on the Fox network on October 7, 1993.
The episode has Kelsey Grammer do the voice of Sideshow Bob.
In the epidsode, Bob wants to kill Bart Simpson because Bart put him in jail.
The episode is a parody of the 1991 movie with a similar name, Cape Fear.
The Knānāya, (from Syriac: Knā'nāya (Canaanite)) also known as the Southists or Tekkumbhagar, are an endogamous ethnic group found among the Saint Thomas Christian community of Kerala, India.
They are differentiated from another part of the community, known in this context as the Northists (Vaddakkumbhagar).
There are about 300,000 Knanaya in India and elsewhere.
The origins of the division of the Saint Thomas Christians into Northist and Southist groups is traced back to the arrival of the Syrian merchant Thomas of Cana (Knāi Thoma) who led a migration of Syriac Christians (Jewish-Christians) from Mesopotamia to India in the 4th or 8th century.
The Knanaya claim descent from Thomas of Cana and those who came with him.
The communities arrival was recorded on the "Thomas of Cana copper plates " which existed in Kerala until the 17th century after which point they were taken to Portugal by the Franciscan Order.
The ethnic division between the Knanaya and other St. Thomas Christians was observed during the Portuguese colonization of India in the 16th century and was noted throughout the European colonial era.
Today, the majority of Knanaya are members of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church (Kottayam Archeparchy) and the Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church (Knanaya Archdiocese).
They became increasingly prominent in Kerala in the late 19th century.
Many Knanaya migrated away during the 20th and 21st centuries, largely westward, forming communities in non-Malayalam speaking areas, with a large expatriate community currently living in Houston, Texas and Chicago, Illinois in the United States.
Origins and traditions
The earliest extensive written evidence for the division of the Christian community of India dates to the 16th century.
The St. Thomas Christian tradition defines the division as being both geographical and ethnic, expressing that the Native St. Thomas Christians initially resided on the north side of the Chera Empire's capitol city of Cranganore while the Middle Eastern migrant Knanaya arrived and settled on the south side, which subsequently led to the designations Northist and Southist.
Celebrated St. Thomas Christian scholar Dr. Placid J. Podipara wrote the following about the division:
"The Thomas Christians hail the Apostle St. Thomas as the founder of their Church...The first converts of St. Thomas were reinforced by local conversions and by Christian colonizations (migrations) from abroad.
Connected with the IV century colonization is the origin of those called the Southists"
Directional divisions within communities are common in Kerala, including among Hindu groups.
A similar north–south division is found among the Nairs, and it historically appears to have been in place in the early Brahmin settlements in the area.
The Saint Thomas Christians may have taken this trait from the Brahmins.
Thomas of Cana's Arrival
The historical rationale for the division between the majority St. Thomas Christians and minority Knanaya traces the divide to the figure of Thomas of Cana, a Syrian merchant who led a group of 72 Jewish-Christian immigrant families, a bishop named Uraha Mar Yausef, and clergymen from Mesopotamia to settle in Cranganore, India in the 4th century (some sources place these events as late as the 9th century).
This may reflect a historical migration of East Syrian Christians to India around this time, which established the region's relationship with the Church of the East.
In the commonly accepted accounts of this history, the Knanaya are the descendants of Thomas of Cana and his followers, while the Northists descend from the local Christian body which had been converted by Thomas the Apostle centuries earlier.
The Oxford History of the Christian Church states the following about the division:
"In time, Jewish Christians of the most exclusive communities descended from settlers who accompanied Knayil Thomma (Kanayi) became known as ‘Southists’ (Tekkumbha ̄gar)...They distinguished between themselves and ‘Northists’ (Vatakkumbha ̄gar).
The ‘Northists’, on the other hand, claimed direct descent from the very oldest Christians of the country, those who had been won to Christ by the Apostle Thomas himself.
They had already long inhabited northern parts of Kodungallur.
They had been there even before various waves of newcomers had arrived from the Babylonian or Mesopotamian provinces of Sassanian Persia."
Elements of Thomas of Cana's arrival feature in ancient songs as well as the Thomas of Cana copper plates awarded to his followers by a local Hindu ruler.
These plates granted Thomas' followers 72 social, economic, and religious rights from Cheraman Perumal, the Chera king.
The plates were present in Kerala during the time of the Portuguese colonization in the early 17th century, but were lost during Portuguese rule.
Archbishop Francis Ros notes in his 1604 account M.S. ADD 9853 that the plates were taken to Portugal by the Franciscan Order.
The Knanaya invoke the plates as evidence of their descent from Thomas of Cana's mission.
Translations of the existing Kollam Syrian Plates of the 9th century made by the Syrian Christian priest Ittimani in 1601 as well as the French Indologist Abraham Anquetil Duperron in 1758 both note that the forth plate mentioned a brief of the arrival of Knai Thoma.
It is believed that this was a notation of the previous rights bestowed upon the Christians by Cheraman Perumal.
The contemporary forth plate however does not mention this paragraph and is believed to be a later copy.
Scholar of Early Christian history Istavan Percvel theorizes that at one time the Kollam Syrian plates and the Thomas of Cana plates were kept together.
Jewish-Christian Ancestry
Knanaya tradition claims that the Syriac Christian migrants who arrived with Thomas of Cana were Jewish-Christians.
Community scholars express the historicity of this tradition by noting that Jewish-Christian tribes in Mesopotamia were a major component of the early Church of the East.
Additionally, scholars express that both Jewish and Christian merchants of the region took part in the Arabian Sea trade with Kerala.
The community also cites their culture as evidence of their Jewish-Christian heritage, particularly their folk songs first written on palm-leave manuscripts in the 17th century.
Many of the historical songs allude to the migrants being of Jewish descent such as the song Nallor Orosilam (The Good Jerusalem) which states the migrants prayed at the tomb of the Jewish Prophet Ezra before departing to India.
A number of Jewish scholars such as Dr. P.M. Jussay, Dr. Nathan Katz, Dr. Shalva Weil, and Dr. Ophira Gamliel have noted that the Knanaya maintain cultural similarities to the Cochin Jews of India,suggesting historic cultural relations between the two communities.
In 1939, the Knanaya politician and author Joseph Chazhikaden published a book on the community, Tekkumbhagasamudayam Charitram, in which he included some aspects of the communities Jewish claim.
Chazhikaden built upon the Thomas of Cana tradition but asserted that Thomas' followers originated in Judea.
According to Chazhikaden, the group converted to Christianity while maintaining their distinct culture and identity.
Eventually, they were forced out of their homeland and moved to Cranganore, where they were welcomed by the ruler Cheraman Perumal and lived near, but maintained their separateness from, the indigenous "Northist" Saint Thomas Christians.
Many modern Knanaya accept the account as factual, while others reject it.
As with other Knanaya origin traditions, some Northists dispute and condemn it.
Two Wives Legend
In many other variants recorded during the colonial era, Thomas of Cana had two wives or partners, one of them being the ancestor of the endogamous Southists, and the other one being the ancestor of the Northist.
A number of traditions and stories have emerged to explain the status of either wife, and both Southists and Northists historically used variants of these traditions to claim superiority for their group.
These variants are considered apocryphal and are not the accepted tradition among contemporary Northist and Southist scholars who generally believe them to be the consequence of rivalry between the St. Thomas Christians and Knanaya.
In most of these variants, the Southists' ancestor was Thomas' Syrian wife, while the Northists' was an indigenous St. Thomas Christian or Nair woman who became his second wife or concubine, implying that the Southists are Thomas' true heirs.
In other variants, both wives were Kerala natives, while the Southists' forebearer was from a higher caste.
Some Northist historically maintained versions which countered this assertion, claiming that the Knanaya descend from a dobi (washerwoman); in some versions of this story, she became Thoma's concubine, while in others she married a lower-caste Maaran boy.
This assertion is based on the 1676 Portuguese document "M.S Sloane 2748-A", a likely forgery attributed to the Carmelite priest Father Mathew.
Historian of medieval India and Northist priest Pius Malekandathil argues that the two-wives legend was simply a creation of rivalry between the Middle Eastern migrant Knanaya and the Native St. Thomas Christians.
Malekandathil expresses that the story originated in the medieval era due to the two ethnic groups of Christians asserting socioeconomic dominance over the other.
Furthermore, Malekandathil notes that the two-wives legend is not the accepted tradition among the people of Kerala but instead that the indigenous Saint Thomas Christians got the appellation "Northists" because they were initially located on the northern part of the city of Cranganore, while the migrant Knanaya under the leadership of Thomas of Cana were given the southern side of the city which led to the generic title of "Southists".
The House of Representatives was the lower chamber of Fiji's Parliament from 1970 to 2006.
It was the more powerful of the two chambers.
The House of Representatives was suspended by the 2006 military coup.
The 2013 Constitution abolished it and replaced it with a single chamber Parliament.
The Senate of Fiji was the upper chamber of Parliament.
It was abolished by the 2013 Constitution of Fiji, after a series of military coups.
The Senate had 32 members.
They were appointed by the President for five-year terms at the same time as the term of the House of Representatives.
Official website of the Fijian Senate
Suhaila Siddiq (March 11, 1949 – December 4, 2020) was an Afghan politician.
She was born in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Seddiqi was Minister of Public Health from 2001 to 2004 during the Hamid Karzai presidency.
'We Can Only Rely On Ourselves To Rebuild Our Country'
Anand Singh Bisht (8 August 19484 December 2020) was a Fijian lawyer and politician.
Singh was a member of the Labour Party.
From 1999 to 2000, he was a member of the House of Representatives and Attorney General.
From 2001 to 2006, Singh was a member of the Senate.
Giuseppe Dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto (27 August 1943 – 3 December 2020) was an Italian lawyer and educator.
He was a Rector of the Libera Università Maria SS.
Assunta between 1991 to 2014.
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny, abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine.
It focuses on the development of science and technology.
Anatoly Mykhailovych Samoilenko () (January 2, 1938 – December 4, 2020) was a Ukrainian mathematician.
He was an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from 1995 until his death and he was the Director of the Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from 1988 until his death.
Samoilenko was born in Potiivka, Soviet Union.
André Gagnon  (August 2, 1936 – December 3, 2020) was a Canadian composer, conductor, arranger, and actor.
He was known for his works of classical and pop styles.
Many of his best known compositions were Neiges, Smash, Chevauchée, Surprise, Donna, and Mouvements in the disco and pop fields.
Gagnon was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1978 and an Officer of the National Order of Quebec in 2018.
Jutta Lampe (13 December 1937 – 3 December 2020) was a German actress.
She appeared in more than twenty movies from 1963 until his death.
She was born in Flensburg, Germany.
Lampe was known for her roles in Sisters, or the Balance of Happiness (1979), Marianne and Juliane (1981), The Distant Land (1987) and The Possessed (1988).
Alison Lurie (September 3, 1926December 3, 2020) was an American novelist and academic.
She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her 1984 novel Foreign Affairs.
Albert Salvadó i Miras (1 February 1951 – 3 December 2020) was an Andorran writer and industrial engineer.
He wrote in both Catalan and Spanish.
Salvadó wrote children's stories, essays and novels, often focusing on historical fiction.
He was born in Andorra la Vella.
Some written works
L'enigma de Constantí el Gran
El mestre de Kheops
L'anell d'Àtila
El rapte, el mort i el Marsellès
Jaume I el Conqueridor (El punyal del sarraí, La reina hongaresa, Parleu o mateu-me)
L'ull del diable
El relat de Gunter Psarris
Un vot per l'esperança
Els ulls d'Anníbal
L’ombra d’Ali Bei (Maleït català!,
Maleït musulmà!,
Maleït cristià!)
La gran concubina d'Amon
L'informe Phaeton
Una vida en joc
Obre els ulls i desperta (Meteora)
El ball de la vida co-author Anna Tohà
Vols viure?
Christopher Cox Krebs  (born January 30, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia ) is an American attorney who served as the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency in the United States Department of Homeland Security from November 2018 to November 2020.
Regarding Uluru/Ayers Rock and earlier representations of it as the largest monolith: GA.gov.au, ABC.net.au, Wayoutback.com.au
Brian Christopher Deese (born February 17, 1978) is an American economic political advisor.
He is the Director of the National Economic Council in the Joe Biden administration since January 20, 2021.
Deese was a senior advisor to U.S. President Barack Obama.
He was the deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget and was the acting director of the office in the summer of 2014.
In December 2020, Deese was chosen as the director of the National Economic Council by Joe Biden.
Gitanjali Rao (born 19 November 2005) is an American inventor.
She won the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2017.
She was honored as  Forbes 30 U 30 for her innovations.
She was named TIME Top young innovator in 2020 for her innovations and "innovation workshops" she conducts across the globe.
In the December 2020 cover, Time  named Rao the first "Kid of the Year".
Rao was born in Lone Tree, Colorado.
Lone Tree is a home rule municipality in Douglas County, Colorado, United States.
The city population was 10,218 at the 2010 United States Census.
A white hole is a hypothetical region in spacetime.
It has not been proven to exist.
It is said to be the exact opposite of a black hole.
While a black hole sucks in objects to its singularity, the white hole emits matter from its singularity.
A white hole may be formed after a black hole can no longer suck things in.
Immediately, it turns into a white hole and starts emitting the things that it has previously sucked in before.
Nothing can enter a white hole as its emitting force is too great.
In this sense, it is the reverse of a black hole, which can be entered only from the outside and from which energy-matter, light and information cannot escape.
Like black holes, white holes have properties like mass, charge, and angular momentum.
They attract matter like any other mass, but objects falling towards a white hole would never actually reach the white hole's event horizon.
The Sardinian tree frog, Sardinia tree frog or Tyrrhenian tree frog (Hyla sarda) is a frog.
It lives on islands: Sardinia in Italy, Corsica in France and other islands nearby.
This frog is 3.8 to 4.0 cm long.
It is green or gray with a dark stripe down each side of its body.
Sometimes it lives in gardens and hides in garden walls.
Phumulani was founded by Comfort Dondo, a survivor of childhood sexual abuse and domestic violence.
Born and raised in Zimbabwe and now residing in Minnesota, Comfort’s struggle with domestic violence was compounded by the inability of women’s shelters in America to provide the language, cultural and societal resources she and her children needed to feel safe and supported.
Often, she found herself back in her abuser’s home with no alternative.
Now free from the dangerous situation, Comfort wants to make sure women and children of African descent have the cultural resources they need to feel comfortable in sharing their stories and recovering from their experiences.
She understands firsthand that individuals who have fled African countries to save their lives often have lasting trauma that needs to be acknowledged and treated holistically to ensure long-term progress.
Meaning of the name Phumulani
Comfort created Phumulani, named for a Zulu word meaning “lover of peace,” as a way of helping African immigrants and refugees in Minnesota.
It is truly a place where survivors of gender-based abuse and violence can find peace and recovery.
Mission of Phumulani
To stop violence and abuse of women and children.
Phumulani is a non-profit organization dedicated to preventing domestic violence and sexual abuse in communities of color throughout Minnesota and the nation.
By providing culturally-specific resources to women and girls of African descent, we hope to change the cycle of gender-based abuse in the vulnerable populations.
(524522) 2002 VE68 is an asteroid and a temporary quasi-satellite of Venus.
It was the first quasi-satellite to be found around a planet in the Solar System.
It looks like it travels around Venus during one Venerean year but it actually orbits the Sun, not Venus.
Discovery, orbit and physical properties
It was discovered on 11 November 2002 at Lowell Observatory.
It has a semi-major axis of 0.7237 AU.
Its eccentricity is 0.4104.
Its orbital inclination is 9.0060°.
It is calculated to measure 236 meters in diameters.
Its rotational period is 13.5 hours.
Potentially hazardous asteroid
2002 VE68 is in the Minor Planet Center list of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) because it frequently comes as close as 0.05 AU (7,479,894 km) to Earth.
It comes as close as 0.04 AU (5,983,915 km) every 8 years.
Nezahualcóyotl, commonly known as Neza, is a city in Mexico.
In 2010, the city had about 1.105 million people living there.
A quasi-satellite's orbit around the Sun takes exactly the same time as the planet's orbit.
Its eccentricity is different from the eccentricity of the planet.
The orbits of quasi-satellites are unstable and over time they will break free from the planet's gravity.
Manoj Sinha (born 1 July 1959) is an Indian politician.
On 6 August 2020, he became the 2nd Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir.
Kirby Star Allies is a 2018 platformer video game for the Nintendo Switch.
It was released worldwide on March 16th, 2018.
It is part of the Kirby series.
Kirby Star Allies plays similarly to previous Kirby entries.
Kirby can run and jump, and if the jump button is pressed multiple times, he can float.
Kirby can inhale enemies to get copy abilities; special power-ups that are of a certain element or other thing (example: Fire).
Albanian Americans () are Americans of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in the United States.
They trace their ancestry to the territories with a large Albanian population in the Balkans among others to Albania, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Montenegro.
Dharam Pal Gulati (27 March 1923 – 3 December 2020), also known as Mahashay Dharampal Gulati, was an Indian businessman, and founder and CEO of MDH (Mahashian Di Hatti; ), an Indian spice company.
He was known  as the 'spice-king'.
He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2019.
He was known for being the founder and CEO of MDH.
It offers Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral degrees to around 25,000 students.
The university has a central campus in the city of Nishinomiya, and also has satellite campuses in Nishinomiya, Sanda, Osaka, and Tokyo.
Kwansei Gakuin University has been selected for part the Japanese government's Top Global University Project as a Type B (Global Traction) university.
The university is often known as one of the four leading private universities in the greater Kansai region.
The ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș (also called Black March, ) are about the violent incidents against the Hungarian ethnic group in Târgu Mureș and surrounding settlements in Transylvania, Romania in March 1990.
The clashes were the bloodiest inter-ethnic incidents of the post-communist era in Transylvania.
It has been an important cultural and political center for the Hungarian minority in Transylvania.
Târgu Mureș (; , ) is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania.
It is the 16th largest Romanian city.
About 134,290 lived here based of the 2011 census.
Elizabeth Wade Boylan (July 18, 1929 – December 3, 2020), better known by her maiden name Betsy Wade, was an American journalist and newspaper columnist.
Wade was born in New York City.
In 1956, Wade became the first woman to edit news copy at The New York Times.
In 1974, she was one of seven people involved in a successful class action lawsuit against the Times for gender discrimination.
She also became the first woman to be chief editor on the foreign desk in 1972.
Wade continued working for the Times until 2001.
Wade was diagnosed with colon cancer in 2017.
She died on December 3, 2020, at age 91 at her home in New York City.
Narinder Singh Kapany (; 31 October 1926 – 4 December 2020) was an Indian-born American physicist.
He was  known for his work in fibre optics.
He was named as one of the seven "Unsung Heroes" by Fortune.
He was known as "Father of Fiber Optics".
The term fibre optics was created by Singh Kapany in 1956.
He was IOFS officer.
Victorino Montano Mapa (February 25, 1855 – April 12, 1927) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
He later became the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands.
Alejandro Melchor (1900-1947) was a Filipino civil engineer, mathematician, and member of the Cabinet of the Philippines.
He was born in Ibajay, Aklan.
Melchor was best known for his work on pontoon bridges during the Second World War.
The Melchor Hall in the University of the Philippines - Diliman campus was named after him.
Harold Miguel Davis Arboleda is a Filipino professional basketball player.
He plays for Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Mikhailov ( September 15, 1951 – December 4, 2020) was a Russian politician.
He was  Governor of Kursk Oblast in Russia from 2000 to 2018.
He was a member of the State Duma from 1993 to 2000 and of the Federation Council from 2018 until his death.
Contemporary and fellow of Velázquez, Zurbarán stood out in the religious painting, in which his painting reveals a big visual hard and a deep mysticism.
It was a representative artist of the Contrarreforma.
Influenced in his beginnings by italian painterCaravaggio, his style was evolving to approximate  to the mastersmanieristas Italians.
His representations move away of the realism of Velázquez and his compositions characterise  by a modelling claroscuro with tones sourer.
Authon is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France, next to Vendôme.
Jonathon David Bellion (born December 26, 1990) is an American singer, rapper, songwriter, and record producer.
He was born and raised in Lake Grove, New York.
He is famous for his single "All Time Low" He has released four mixtapes and two studio albums.
His first studio album The Human Condition was released on June 10, 2016 and debuted number 5 on US Billboard 200.
Jon Bellion was born and raised in Lake Grove, New York.
He comes from an Italian family who came from Naples.
With a chance to play Basketball in college, Jon Bellion chose music over Basketball.
After high school, he enrolled in the music program at the private Five Towns College in Dix Hills, New York.
At 19 years old, he dropped to drop out of college and start writing professionally.
He worked under songwriter and Warner Brothers A&R executive Kara DioGuardi for a year.
With Kara, he learned how to write songs for different artists.
2011–2014: Early career and various mixtapes
Jon Bellion's first mixtape, Scatter Thoughts Vol.
1 was released in early 2011 through his Facebook page and reached over 11,00 downloads.
Bellion writes and produces all of his own music.
Jon Bellion then signed with Visionary Music Group in 2012.
In 2012, Jon Bellion wrote the chorus to the song "The Monster" by Eminem featuring Rihanna.
This song won a Grammy Award in the 2015 Grammy Awards for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration.
Jon Bellion released his second free project, Translations Through Speaker on February 20,2013.
Then released his third project, The Separation on December 10, 2013 and his fourth free project, The Definition on September 23, 2014.
He also announced his first national tour in October 2014.
2015–2017: Touring and The Human Condition
Bellion released several singles in early 2015, including "Woodstock (Psychedelic Fiction)", "All Time Low", and "Woke the F*ck Up" through Capitol Records.
On March 31, 2015, Bellion announced his second national tour, The Definition Tour.
The tour started on May 26 and ended on July 2.
Bellion confirmed that his debut album The Human Condition and was set to be released on June 10, 2016.
He released three promotional singles from the album: "Guillotine", on April 13,2016, "80's Films", on May 27, 2016, and "Maybe IDK" on June 2, 2016.
The lead single from the album, "All Time Low" was released on May 13,2016 and became his most successful single to date, reaching number 16 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and was certified Double-platinum in the United States and Australia.
In June 2017, Bellion was picked as Elvis Duran's Artist of the Month and was featured on NBC's Today show hosted by Kathie Lee Gifford and Hoda Kotb and broadcast nationally where he performed "All Time Low" live.
Jon Bellion was the opening act for the rock duo Twenty One Pilots' in 2017
2018: Glory Sound Prep
On January 25, Bellion teased a snippet of an upcoming song on an Instagram video.
On April 16, Bellion began teasing his next album with 4 captions captioned with "GSP".
On October 9, Bellion posted a photo to his Twitter account from "GSP Staff", stating: "Tomorrow, Headmaster Stormzy requests your presence for an orientation ceremony in the main atrium.
Time: 3:00 pm EST."
The day after, he announced the studio album Glory Sound Prep on his Twitter account, which was set to be released on November 9, 2017.
Beautiful Mind Records
Bellion officially started his own record label in July 2019 called Beautiful Mind Records and signed the pop/soul band, Lawrence.
Lawrence was the opener for most of his shows on the Glory Sound Prep Tour.
He helped write and produce their first three singles "Casualty", "It's Not All About You", and "The Weather."
https://www.elitedaily.com/entertainment/jon-bellion-interview/1530077 Elite Daily June 21, 2016
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ogdenpayne/2016/08/15/how-visionary-music-group-became-an-independent-record-label-with-major-appeal/?sh=388184052a2d
http://www.mtv.com/news/1716476/eminem-rihanna-jon-bellion-the-monster-writer/
120347 Salacia is a trans-Neptunian object in the Kuiper belt.
It is approximately 850 kilometers in diameter.
As of 2018, it is found about 44.8 astronomical units from the Sun.
Salacia was discovered on 22 September 2004, by American astronomers Henry Roe, Michael Brown and Kristina Barkume at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States.
It was named after the Roman goddess Salacia.
It has one known moon, Actaea.
It has an average density of 1.51 g/cm3.
Salacia is estimated to be around 846 km in diameter.
Salacia has the lowest albedo of any known large trans-Neptunian object.
Philip Martin Brown (born 9 July 1956) is an English actor, born in Manchester, Lancashire.
He is best known for his role as Grantly Budgen, in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road for 160 episodes, from 2006 to 2013.
Christine Tremarco (born 20 September 1977) is an English television and film actress, whose career began in 1992.
She is perhaps most famous, for her role in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road as school secretary and learning support assistant Davina Shackleton, a role she portrayed regularly from 2007 to 2009.
In 2010, Tremarco guest starred in the BBC medical drama Casualty as Linda Andrews.
Following a positive response to the character, she was reintroduced as a regular character, in 2011.
Tremarco left the series in 2013.
She has also featured in other British television series such as Heartbeat, Coronation Street, Fat Friends and Silent Witness, along with starring roles in Bordertown, Springhill, City Central, Clocking Off, Nice Guy Eddie, Little Boy Blue and Clink.
Digital distribution is the delivery (through downloading) of any digital content, including audio, e-books, games, PDFs, pictures, software, and video.
Digital distribution is handled through a digital distribution platform that's designed to stream the digital content or allow the content to be downloaded in full.
A primary characteristic of online distribution is its direct nature.
Publishers help artists advertise, fund and distribute their work to retail outlets.
In some industries, particularly video games, artists find themselves bound to publishers, and in many cases unable to make the content they want; the publisher might not think it will profit well.
This can quickly lead to the standardization of the content and to the stifling of new, potentially risky ideas.
By opting for online distribution, an artist can get their work into the public sphere of interest easily with potentially minimum business overhead.
This often leads to cheaper goods for the consumer, increased profits for the artists, as well as increased artistic freedom.
Online distribution platforms often contain or act as a form of digital rights management.
Online distribution also opens the door to new business models (e.g., the Open Music Model).
For instance, an artist could release one track from an album or one chapter from a book at a time instead of waiting for them all to be completed.
This either gives them a cash boost to help continue their projects or indicates that their work might not be financially viable.
This is hopefully done before they have spent excessive money and time on a project deemed to remain unprofitable.
A clear result of these new models is their accessibility to smaller artists or artist teams who do not have the time, funds, or expertise to make a new product in one go.
An example of this can be found in the music industry.
Indie artists may access the same distribution channels as major record labels, with potentially fewer restrictions and manufacturing costs.
There is a growing collection of 'Internet labels' that offer distribution to unsigned or independent artists directly to online music stores, and in some cases marketing and promotion services.
Further, many bands are able to bypass this completely, and offer their music for sale via their own independently controlled websites.
225088 Gonggong (symbol ) is a dwarf planet of the Solar System.
It is a member of the scattered disc.
It has a highly eccentric orbit.
It is from 34–101 astronomical units (5.1–15.1 billion kilometers; 3.2–9.4 billion miles) from the Sun.
It is the sixth-farthest known Solar System object.
Gonggong was discovered in July 2007 by American astronomers Megan Schwamb, Michael Brown, and David Rabinowitz at the Palomar Observatory, and the discovery was announced in January 2009.
The surface of Gonggong has an albedo of 0.14.
Gonggong is among the reddest trans-Neptunian objects known.
Its red color is suprising because it has a lot of water ice on its surface, which are usually neutral in color.
Scientists think that there might be methane on its surface which will explain its red color.
Gonggong is estimated to have a diameter of 1,230 km (760 mi).
This would make Gonggong the fifth-largest trans-Neptunian object, after Pluto, Eris, Haumea and Makemake.
Gonggong is approximately the size of Pluto's moon Charon.
The mass of Gonggong has been calculated to be 1.75×1021 kg (3.86×1021 lb).
It has a density of 1.72±0.16 g/cm3.
Gonggong orbits the Sun at an average distance of 67.5 AU (1.010×1010 km; 6.27×109 mi).
It completes a full orbit in 554 years.
It has an orbital inclination 30.7 degrees.
Its eccentricity is 0.50.
Gonggong is moving away at a speed of 1.1 kilometers per second (2,500 miles per hour).
It is the sixth-farthest known Solar System object from the Sun.
It was calculated by planetary scientist Amanda Zangari that a flyby mission to Gonggong would take a minimum of over 20 years with the rocket we have today.
A flyby mission would be launched on 2030 or 2031.
Gonggong is known to have a moon, called Xiangliu.
The discovery team thought that the slow rotation of Gonggong was caused by a moon
Sue Devaney (born Susan Barber; 2 July 1967) is an English actress.