the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
After the French Revolutionary Wars they were joined with the northern Netherlands.
They were made a single kingdom under the House of Orange at the 1815 Congress of Vienna.
The south-eastern third of Luxembourg Province was made into Luxembourg.
In 1830 the mostly Roman Catholic southern half became independent as the Kingdom of Belgium.
Habsburg Spain means the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1506–1700).
This was when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty.
Under Habsburg rule (mostly under Charles I and Philip II), Spain reached the height of its influence and power.
The Hapsburgs had land including the Americas; the East Indies in Asia; the Low Countries, territories now in France and Germany in Europe.
From 1580 to 1640 they had the Portuguese Empire; and various other lands such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa.
Habsburg Spain was, for well over a century, the world's greatest power.
For this reason, this period of Spanish history has also been called the "Age of Expansion."
With the Habsburgs, Spain was one of the greatest political and military powers in Europe and the world for much of the 16th and 17th centuries.
During the Habsburg's period, Spain ushered in the Spanish Golden Age of arts and literature producing some of the world's most outstanding writers and painters and influential intellectuals, including Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Domingo de Soto, Francisco Suárez and Francisco de Vitoria.
Spain or "the Spains", referring to Spanish territories across different continents in this period, initially covered the entire Iberian peninsula, including the kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, León, Navarre and, from 1580, Portugal.
The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 resulted in the union of the two main crowns, Castile and Aragon, which eventually led to the de facto unification of Spain, after the culmination of the Reconquista with the conquest of Granada in 1492 and of Navarre in 1512-1529.
Isabella and Ferdinand were bestowed the title of "Catholic King and Queen" by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and the term Monarchia Catholica (Catholic Monarchy, Modern Spanish: Monarquía Católica) remained in use for the monarchy under the Spanish Habsburgs.
The Habsburg period is formative of the notion of "Spain" in the sense that was institutionalized in the 18th century.
Spain as a unified state came into being de jure after the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707 that succeeded the multiple crowns of its former realms.
After the death in 1700 of Spain's last Habsburg king Charles II, the resulting War of the Spanish Succession led to the ascension of Philip V of the Bourbon dynasty and began a new centralizing state formation.
1500s establishments in Europe
The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1793 with few changes.
France fought the First coalition.
In the Alps, there was little change.
The French invasion of Piedmont failed.
On the Spanish border, the French under General Dugommier came from their defensive positions at Bayonne and Perpignan, to move the Spanish out of Roussillon.
They invaded Catalonia.
On the northern front in the Flanders Campaign, the Austrians and French both prepared in Belgium.
The Austrians went towards Mons and Maubeuge.
The French got ready on multiple fronts.
There were two armies in Flanders under Pichegru and Moreau.
Jourdan attacked from the German border.
The French had damage in the Kortrijk, Tourcoing and Fleurus in June.
The French armies drove the Austrians, British, and Dutch beyond the Rhine.
Then they moved into Belgium, the Rhineland, and southern Holland.
On the middle Rhine front in July General Michaud's Army of the Rhine tried two offensives in July.
This sector of the front was largely quiet over the course of the year.
At sea, the French Atlantic Fleet was able to hold off a British attempt to stop an important cereal convoy from the United States.
In the Caribbean, the British fleet landed in Martinique in February, and in
The French First Republic was formed on 22 September 1792, by the newly made National Convention.
The First Republic lasted until the First French Empire in 1804 under Napoleon I. This time is characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the making of the National Convention and the infamous Reign of Terror, the founding of the Directory and the Thermidorian Reaction, and finally, the making of the Consulate and Napoleon’s rise to power.
France, Republic 1
The First French Empire, also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France.
It was the main power of most of continental Europe during the early 19th century.
Napoleon became Emperor of the French on 18 May 1804.
He was crowned Emperor on 2 December 1804.
This ended the time of the French Consulate.
He won early military victories in the War of the Third Coalition against Austria, Prussia, Russia, Portugal, and allied nations.
The Treaty of Tilsit in July 1807 ended two years of bloodshed on the European continent.
The next wars, known as the Napoleonic Wars, grew France over much of Western Europe and into Poland.
At its biggest in 1812, the French Empire had 130 départements, ruled over 44 million people, and had a large military in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Duchy of Warsaw.
The introduction of the Napoleonic Code through the continent increased legal equality, made jury systems, and legalized divorce.
Napoleon placed relatives on the thrones of several European countries.
He gave many noble titles, most of which went away after the empire fell.
Napoleon abdicated in 11 April 1814.
The Empire was briefly brought back during the Hundred Days period in 1815 until Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
It was followed by the Bourbon Restoration monarchy of the House of Bourbon.
Louis XVIII of France became the new ruler.
France, Empire 1
Leopold I (Leopold George Christian Frederick; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians.
This was following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.
He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
His children included Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlota of Mexico.
He was also an uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
16 December 1790 – 12 November 1826 His Serene Highness Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony
6 April 1818 – 12 November 1826 (in the UK) His Royal Highness Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony
12 November 1826 – 21 July 1831 His Serene Highness (His Royal Highness in the UK) Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony
21 July 1831 – 10 December 1865 His Majesty The King of the Belgians
The Railway Station Bananal building is a historical and tourist city Bananal, state São Paulo, Brazil.
Built in 1888, is the only specimen of steel construction the Belgium in the Americas.
Railway stations in South America
Guy Ritchie (born 10 September 1968) is a British movie director.
He was born in Hatfield, Hertfordshire.
Ritchie's movies are: Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, Snatch, Swept Away, Revolver, RocknRolla, Sherlock Holmes and Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows.
Ritchie had a son with Madonna in August 2000.
They were married from December 2000 until they divorced in December 2008.
He lives with model Jacqui Ainsley (born 1981).
The couple have a son, who was born in September 2011.
The Berlin Conference (or "Congo Conference") of 1884–85 made rules for European colonization and trade in Africa.
It was called for by Portugal and organized by Otto von Bismarck.
The conference met during the Scramble for Africa, a time with more colonial activity by European powers.
Africans were not invited.
It ended most existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance, assuring that the European powers would not have to fight among themselves for dominance.
General Act
The ending of slavery by Black and Islamic powers.
The Congo Free State was a private property of the Congo Society.
The territory of today's Democratic Republic of the Congo was made the property of Leopold II of Belgium.
The 14 countries who signed had free trade through the Congo Basin and Lake Nyasa and east of this in an area south of 5° N.
The Niger River and Congo River were made free for ship traffic.
Countries could not set up colonies in name only.
If a country took over any new part of the African coast, they would have to tell the other countries.
Each country was told which parts of Africa they could take over.
Portugal - Britain The colonies of Angola and Mozambique were brought together by the land in between (land that later became Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi.)
The United Kingdom did not support this plan.
In 1890, the British government told the Portuguese to leave the area.
France - Britain A line running from Say in Niger to Baroua, on the north-east coast of Lake Chad marked what part belonged to whom.
France would own territory to the north of this line, and the United Kingdom would own territory to the south of it.
The Nile Basin would be British, with the French taking the basin of Lake Chad.
France - Germany The area to the north of a line formed by the intersection of the 14th meridian and Miltou was French, that to the south was German.
Britain - Germany The separation came in the form of a line passing through Yola, on the Benoué, Dikoa, going up to the extremity of Lake Chad.
France - Italy Italy was to own what was north of a line from the intersection of the Tropic of Cancer and the 17th meridian to the intersection of the 15th parallel and 21st meridian.
is a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.
The city was founded on November 11, 2005.
The towns of Kishigawa, Kokawa, Momoyama, Naga and Uchita all combined to form the city.
Tama the stationmaster cat
Kishi Station in the city has a cat as the stationmaster named Tama.
Tama is a calico cat.
People from Kinokawa city
Ryumon Yasuda - Painter and Sculptor
Ruanda-Urundi was a part of German East Africa.
Belgian troops invaded during World War I. The military occupation lasted from 1916 to 1924 when the territory came under Belgian rule.
In 1964 it became the independent states of Rwanda and Burundi.
Royal administrators
Royal Commissioners
Justin Malfeyt (November 1916-May 1919)
Alfred Frédéric Gérard Marzorati (May 1919-August 1926)
Governors (Deputy Governors-General of the Belgian Congo)
Alfred Frédéric Gérard Marzorati (August 1926-February 1929)
Louis Joseph Postiaux (February 1929-July 1930)
Charles Henri Joseph Voisin (July 1930-August 1932)
Eugène Jacques Pierre Louis Jungers (August 1932-July 1946)
Maurice Simon (July 1946-August 1949)
Léon Antoine Marie Pétillon (August 1949-January 1952)
Alfred Claeys Boùùaert (January 1952-March 1955)
Jean-Paul Harroy (March 1955-January 1962)
Prussian districts were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia.
They were part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia.
They were similar to a county or a shire.
They were made from 1815 to 1818 to be between the higher provinces and the lower municipal governments.
They served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany
Eupen-Malmedy, or the East Cantons is a group of cantons in Belgium.
They are the former Prussian districts of Malmedy and Eupen, together with the Neutral Moresnet.
French-speaking Belgians also once called them the Redeemed Cantons.
These territories were added to Belgium in 1920 by the Versailles Treaty.
6 March 1815 : Malmedy part of Prussia (from 1871 Germany).
1918 - 1920 : Under Allied occupation (British to Aug 1919, then Belgian).
28 June 1919 : Given to Belgium by Germany under Treaty of Versailles.
20 September 1920 : Eupen, Malmedy and Sankt-Vith added (fully re-incorporated 1925).
1926 The Belgian government wants to "sell" the East Cantons to the Weimar Republic.
France objects strongly.
29 July 1940 -  Feb 1945 : Eupen, Malmedy and Sankt-Vith are added to Germany, together with the Luxembourg village of Bého (renamed Bocholz) and former Neutral Moresnet.
1956 Belgo-German peace treaty.
The Federal Republic of Germany recognizes the illegality of the 1940 annexation.
1960-1964 The Belgian language border is fixed and finally divides the East Cantons.
Eupen, Sankt Vith and others become German-speaking with special privileges for French speakers, Malmedy and Waimes join Aubel, Welkenraedt, Bleiberg and Baelen as French-speaking with (potential) special privileges for German speakers.
18 July 1966 Belgian law on the language use by local and national government.
The "region of the German language" is mentioned.
Federal Government services to answer German questions from a member of the general public in German.
1973 The Rat der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft is set up.
1989 New amnesty law, undoing the legal effects of the annexation and its voiding.
1993 The Executive of the Rat der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft is recognized as one of the Belgian regional governments in the new federal constitution.
The German-speaking area remains a part of the Walloon economic area.
2005 The authority of the Rat is increased by giving it the right of teaching over religious institutions and over its nine communities.
The Battle of Belgium or Belgian Campaign was part of the greater Battle of France.
This was an offensive campaign by Germany during the Second World War.
It took place over 18 days in May 1940.
It ended with the German occupation of Belgium following the surrender of the Belgian Army.
The Allied Armies tried to stop the German Army in Belgium.
They thought it was the main German attack.
After the French had fully committed the best of the Allied Armies to Belgium between 10 and 12 May, the Germans went towards the English Channel.
The German Army reached the Channel after five days.
They encircling the Allied Armies.
The Germans forced the Allies back to the sea.
The Belgian Army surrendered on 28 May 1940, ending the battle.
The Battle of Belgium included the first tank battle of the war.
It was the largest tank battle in history up to that date.
The battle also included the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael, the first strategic airborne operation using paratroopers.
Belgium was occupied by the Germans until the winter of 1944–1945.
It was freed by the Western Alliance.
Battles involving Belgium
Leopold III (born as Léopold Philippe Charles Albert Meinrad Hubertus Marie Miguel; 3 November 1901  25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951.
He left the throne and his son Baudouin became King.
Crown Prince Leopold fought as a private during World War I while still a teenager.
He was sent by his father to Eton College in the United Kingdom, in 1915.
After the war, in 1919, he went to St. Anthony Seminary in Santa Barbara, California.
He married Princess Astrid of Sweden in Stockholm on 4 November 1926.
On 29 August 1935, the King and Queen were driving along the winding, narrow roads near their villa at Küssnacht am Rigi, Schwyz, Switzerland on the shores of Lake Lucerne.
Leopold lost control of the car which plunged into the lake, killing Queen Astrid and her unborn fourth child.
Leopold married Lilian Baels on 11 September 1941 in a secret, religious ceremony.
It was not valid under Belgian law.
In 1944, Heinrich Himmler ordered Leopold deported to Germany.
Princess Liliane followed the next day under an SS armed guard.
The Nazis held the family in a fort at Hirschstein in Saxony from June 1944 to March 1945, and then at Strobl, Austria.
Leopold was freed by the United States in early May 1945.
Because of the controversy about his conduct during the war, Leopold III and his wife and children were unable to return to Belgium.
They spent the next six years in exile at Pregny-Chambésy near Geneva, Switzerland.
A regency under his brother Prince Charles had been made by the Legislature in 1944.
On his return to Belgium in 1950, Leopold was met with one of the most violent strikes in the history of Belgium.
The country stood on the edge of civil war.
Belgian banners were replaced by Walloon flags in Liège and other municipalities of Wallonia.
To avoid tearing the country apart, and to keep the monarchy, Leopold decided on 1 August 1950 to withdraw in favour of his 20-year-old son Baudouin.
In retirement, he followed his passion as an amateur social anthropologist and entomologist and travelled the world.
He went, for instance, to Senegal and he explored the Orinoco and the Amazon with Heinrich Harrer.
The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century.
The lands were about the same as the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France (Artois, French Flanders), and a small part of Western Germany.
The Seventeen Provinces were first held by the Dukes of Burgundy of the House of Valois.
Later they were held by the Habsburgs.
From 1512 the Provinces formed the major part of the Burgundian Circle.
the County of Artois
the County of Flanders, including the burgraviates of Lille, Douai, Orchies, the Lordship of Tournai and the Tournaisis
the Lordship of Mechelen
the County of Namur
the County of Hainaut
the County of Zeeland
the County of Holland
the Duchy of Brabant, including the Margraviate of Antwerp, the counties of Leuven and of Brussels, and the advocacy of the Abbey of Nivelles and of Gembloux
the Duchy of Limburg, including the counties of Dalhem and Valkenburg and the Lordship of Herzogenrath
the Duchy of Luxembourg
the Prince-Bishopric, later Lordship of Utrecht
the Lordship of Frisia
the Duchy of Guelders
the Lordship of Groningen (including the Ommelanden)
the Lordship of Drenthe, Lingen, Wedde, and Westerwolde
the Lordship of Overijssel
the County of Zutphen
It was not always the same Seventeen Provinces.
The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium.
It got its status as a prince-bishopric between 980 and 985.
Bishop Notger became Prince-Bishop after he received secular control of the County of Huy from the emperor .
The Prince-Bishopric belonged from 1500 on to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.
It was headed by the Prince-Bishop of Liège.
Its land included most of the present Belgian provinces of Liège and Limburg, and some exclaves in other parts of Belgium and the Netherlands.
The capital was Liège.
It was added into France in 1795.
Egide Charles Gustave, Baron Wappers (23 August 1803 Antwerp – 6 December 1874 Paris), better known as Gustave Wappers, was a Belgian painter.
He studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, and during 1826 in Paris.
The Romantic movement with its new ideas about art and politics was happening in France.
Wappers was the first Belgian artist to use this form.
His first painting, "The Devotion of the Burgomaster of Leiden," appeared at the right time.
It had much success in the Brussels Salon during 1830, the year of the Belgian Revolution.
Wappers was invited to the court at Brussels.
In 1832 the city of Antwerp made him Professor of Painting.
He showed his masterpiece, "Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830" at the Antwerp Salon in 1834.
He was then made painter to Leopold, King of the Belgians.
At the death of Matthieu-Ignace Van Brée in 1839 he was raised to director of the Antwerp Academy.
One of his students was Ford Madox Brown, another was the Czech history painter Karel Javůrek.
He has many works.
Some of them in traditional devotional modes, while others show the Romantic view of history.
After retiring as director of the Antwerp Academy, he lived in 1853 in Paris.
He died in 1873.
Belgian painters
The museums are in the capital of Brussels in the downtown area on the Coudenberg.
There are four museums.
Two of them, the Museum of Ancient Art and the Museum of Modern Art, Brussels, are in the main building.
The other two, the Constantin Meunier Museum and the Antoine Wiertz Museum, are dedicated to specific Belgian artists.
They are much smaller and are a few kilometers from the city center.
The Royal Museum has over 20,000 drawings, sculptures, and paintings, which date from the early 15th century to the present.
The museum has a large collection of Flemish painting, among them  paintings by Bruegel and Rogier van der Weyden, Robert Campin, Anthony van Dyck, and Jacob Jordaens.
The museum is also proud of its "Rubens Room", which houses more than 20 paintings by the artist.
The main building, which now houses the Museum of Ancient Art, was built as the Palais des Beaux-Arts.
It was designed by Belgian architect Alphonse Balat and paid for by King Leopold II.
The building was completed in 1887.
Capuchin monkeys are a subfamily  of New World monkeys, the Cebinae.
There are only two genera: Cebus and Sepajus.
Cebus has the gracile capuchins, and Sepajus has the robust capuchins.
Habitat and lifespan
Capuchin monkeys live in Central America and South America.
They make their home in trees, traveling during the day and sleeping in the trees at night.
Capuchins live in groups of 10 to 40 members.
These groups consist of related females and their offspring, as well as several males.
Usually groups are dominated by a single male.
The Capuchins in a group will groom each other and vocalize to communicate.
The Capuchin group will be protective of its territory, marking a central area of their territory with urine and defending it against intruders.
Females bear young every two years following a 160 to 180 day gestation.
The young cling to their mother's chest until they are larger, when they move to her back a Capuchin Monkey takes 18 - 24 months to grow into an adult.
Within four years for females and eight years for males, juveniles become fully mature.
In captivity, individual capuchins have reached an age of 45 years, although life expectancy in nature is only 15 to 25 years.
Capuchins are the most intelligent New World monkeys.
The tufted capuchin uses tools in a similar way to chimpanzees.
It is one of the few examples of primate tool use other than by apes.
When they see macaws eating palm nuts, cracking them open with their beaks, capuchins select a  few of the ripest fruits.
They nip off the tip of the fruit and drink down the juice, then seemingly discard the rest of the fruit with the nut inside.
When these discarded fruits are hardened and brittle, the capuchins gather them up.
Then they take them to a large flat boulder where they already have a few stones from a river.
They use these stones to crack open the fruit to get to the nut inside.
Young capuchins watch this process to learn from the more experienced adults.
It may take a capuchin up to eight years to master this skill.
During the mosquito season, they crush millipedes and rub the result on their backs.
This acts as a natural insect repellent.
Capuchin monkeys can be recognized as the "organ grinder" or "greyhound jockey" monkeys.
Capuchins are sometimes kept as exotic pets.
Sometimes they plunder fields and crops and are seen as troublesome by nearby human populations.
In some regions they have become rare due to the destruction of their habitat.
They are also used as service animals, sometimes being called "nature's butlers."
Some organizations have been training capuchin monkeys to assist quadriplegics as monkey helpers in a manner similar to mobility assistance dogs.
After being socialized in a human home as infants, the monkeys undergo extensive training before being placed with a quadriplegic.
Around the house, the monkeys help out by doing tasks including microwaving food, washing the quadriplegic's face, and opening drink bottles.
Capuchin monkeys are the most common featured monkeys in the movies Outbreak, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (and its sequels), Zookeeper, George of the Jungle, and The Hangover Part II.
Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) on the NBC sitcom Friends had a capuchin monkey named Marcel.
Crystal the Monkey is the famous monkey actress.
The diet of the capuchins is more varied than other 'New World' monkeys such as spider monkeys.
They are omnivores, eating not only fruits, nuts, seeds, and buds, but also insects, spiders, birds' eggs, and small vertebrates.
Capuchins living near water will also eat crabs and shellfish by cracking their shells with stones.
Capuchins are darkly black or brown except for the face, throat and chest, that are white coloured.
They reach a length of 30 to 56 cm (12–22 in), with tails that are just as long as the body.
Capuchin monkeys have long naps during the day.
Also they socialize in small groups up to 10 to 40 members.
Lingtong District (, pinyin:Líntóng Qū) is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
It is in east of Xi'an, and about  from the center of Xi'an.
Weinan Municipality is to the east.
Gaoling District, Baqiao District and Xianyang Municipality are to the west.
Lantian County is to the south.
Yanliang District is to the north.
As of November 2010, 655,874 people lived there.
Long ago it called Yueyang (栎阳).
Firstly, Lingtong District called Lingtong County, and belong to Weinan Municipality.
Then it was given to Xi'an.
In 1988, it renamed to Lingtong District.
Lingtong is famous for tours, there are many monuments.
It's also important for Xi'an, in military.
Regional lockout is something used to prevent the playing of media for device, sold in another country.
It can be programming practice, code, chip, or physical barrier.
Regional lockout may be used in movies, video games and computer printers.
The 10NES system is a lock-out system.
It was designed for North American and European versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System video game console.
It is used to prevent pirated games and games from other regions to be played, but various companies found ways to bypass the authorization chip.
A wastebasket taxon  is a term used by biologists for a taxon which has organisms that do not fit anywhere else.
Species or groups are put in the wastebsket taxon when they do not fit into one of the regular taxa.
Regular taxa are supposed to be monophyletic.
By definition, wastebasket taxa are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic.
Their name may still be very useful to biologists, because its members may be an important evolutionary grade.
Antelopes are a group which is ecologically very important, and have many similar features.
However, they are not monophyletic.
Species are called 'antelopes' if they look like one.
Invertebrates are often called the "everything-else" category, meaning all animals without backbones.
Little-known fossil groups are sometimes later found to be wastebasket taxa.
The crocodile-like Triassic group Rauisuchia is an example.
Loosely related animals often look rather alike.
This is because they adapt to similar environments.
This leads to convergent evolution.
Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane (July 23, 1773 – January 27, 1860) was the sixth Governor of New South Wales.
Brisbane was very interested in astronomy and brought two assistant astronomers to Australia with him.
When he went back to England, he left his books, telescopes and other equipment behind as gift, and these were the beginnings of the Sydney Observatory.
Lexington is a city in the state of North Carolina, United States.
It is near the larger city of Winston-Salem.
18,978 people live in the city.
People from Europe first moved to the area in 1775.
The town is named after the city of Lexington, Massachusetts, where the first battle of the American Revolutionary War happened.
Lexington became a city in 1828.
Until the late 1990s, Lexington's economy was based on  textile and furniture manufacturing.
Since then, most local manufacturers have moved their production facilities to Asia and Mexico to reduce costs.
This caused most textile and furniture factories to close, creating economic difficulties in the area.
The oldest remaining house in Lexington is The Homestead, built by Dr. William Rainey Holt (1798–1868), a physician born in Alamance County.
Dr. Holt was the President of the North Carolina Agricultural Society and was one of the first to introduce purebred livestock to North Carolina.
Local Culture
Lexington calls itself the "Barbecue Capital of the World".
Starting in 1984, the city has the Lexington Barbecue Festival each year, one of the largest street festivals in North Carolina.
In 2012, the US News and World Report ranked Lexington as #4 on its list of the best cities for barbecue.
Lexington-style barbecue is made with pork shoulder cooked slowly over a hardwood fire, usually hickory wood.
It is served with a sauce made with vinegar, ketchup, water, salt, pepper and other spices.
There are many different way to make this sauce, mild, tangy, sweet or spicy.
Pigs in the City
Pigs in the City is a public art display managed by Uptown Lexington, Inc., a non-profit organization that has the goal of increasing the usage of the downtown area of Lexington.
Pigs in the City began in 2003 and 40,000 visitors from all over the state came to see the event in the first year.
Since 2006, the event has been held every year.
There are usually 20 or more of these statues on display during the event.
Companies pay $1,000 each to sponsor one of the pigs, which pays for the event.
High Rock Lake is the second largest lake in North Carolina and located near Lexington.
Its water surface covers  and there are  of shoreline.
It begins where the Yadkin River and the South Yadkin River come together.
High Rock Lake has long been considered one of the best fishing lakes of North Carolina.
There have been a number of national fishing tournaments held at the lake, such as  Bassmaster Tournaments, like the Bassmaster Classic in 1994, 1995, 1997 and 2007.
The lake has large numbers of fish, including channel, blue, and flathead catfish, plus crappie and several different sunfish such as bluegill, shellcracker and others.
Striper and their hybrids as well as white bass are also abundant.
The lake is best known for its quantity and quality of largemouth bass.
The Bob Timberlake Gallery
The Bob Timberlake Gallery is in Lexington.
It opened in 1997, and features original artwork, reproductions, personal memorabilia, as well as home furnishings from the artist Bob Timberlake.
Lexington is in the Piedmont.
It is centered at 35°49'0" North, 80°15'31" West (35.816768, -80.258643), in the valley of the Yadkin River.
Lexington is  northeast of High Rock Lake, part of the Yadkin-Pee Dee chain of lakes in central North Carolina.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which,  of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
It is bordered to the north and west by Interstate 85 Business, to the south and east by Interstate 85.
Both interstates come together just southwest of the city.
Additionally, 4 U.S. Highway Routes, U.S. Route 29, U.S. Route 64, U.S. Route 52, U.S. Route 70 and state highways NC Highway 8 and NC Highway 47 intersect the city.
Being in central North Carolina, between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mid-Atlantic coast, Lexington has a humid subtropical climate, with moderate temperatures during spring and autumn and warm to hot summers.
Winters are relatively mild and wet with highs typically in the 40s to 50s and overnight lows averaging just below freezing.
As of the census of 2010, there are 18,931 people in the city, organized into 7,376 households.
This represents a population reduction of 1022 persons, or 5%, when compared to the 2000 census.
The median age is 37.4 years for all persons (39.4 for females, 35.2 for males).
Of the total population, 15.1% are at least 65 years old, 24.6% are under the age of 18, with the remaining 60.3% of the population being persons from 18 to 64.
Males comprise 48.1% and females make up 51.9% of the total population.
Caucasians make up 54.7% of the total population (including 16.3% that are Latino), African-Americans 28.4% and Asians represent 2.9% of the population.
Fully 10.7% of the population identifies itself as Some other race while 2.6% are Two or more races.
Other races each represent less than 1% each of the total population.
Of the total 7,376 households, 4,581 are considered Family households, including 2067 that have children under 18.
The average household size is 2.44 persons, and the average family size is 3.08 persons.
There are 8,938 total housing units, of which the 7376 are households, for an occupancy rate of 82.5%.
47.6% of these households are owner-occupied, while 52.4% are renters.
According to the 2000 census, The median income for a household in the city is $26,226, and the median income for a family is $32,339.
Males have a median income of $25,555 versus $20,939 for females.
The per capita income for the city is $15,310.
21.2% of the population and 16.7% of families are below the poverty line.
Out of the total population, 31.7% of those under the age of 18 and 18.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
The global outsourcing of textile and furniture manufacturing has damaged Lexington's economy.
Bob Timberlake, local artist,
Robert Sink, Lieutenant General for the United States Army during World World II.
Sink was portrayed in the television miniseries Band of Brothers by Captain Dale Dye.
Johnny Temple,  6 time All-Star and former MLB 2nd Baseman for the Cincinnati Reds, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, and Houston Colt .45s
Perry Tuttle, former NFL wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills, Atlanta Falcons, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Deems May, former NFL tight end for the San Diego Chargers and the Seattle Seahawks
Mike Dillon, former NASCAR Busch Series race car driver.
Spotter for RCR driver Clint Bowyer
Terry McMillan, musician
Rick Terry, NFL defensive tackle for the New York Jets and Carolina Panthers.
Richard "The Old Man" Harrison of the famous reality TV Show Pawn Stars.
Josh Williams of the band Your Name In Vain Tragic Hero Records.
Lexington Area Chamber of Commerce
Lexington Tourism Authority
Lexington's Annexation
About Lexington's annexation
Uptown Lexington, Inc.
Arts United for Davidson County
Lexington's Barbecue Festival
Davidson Co. Tourism and Recreation
Images and Feature Articles
Photographs of Lexington buildings from the Library of Congress "Built in America" collection
The Brown Bunny is an explicit 2003 drama movie.
It stars Vincent Gallo and Chloë Sevigny.
Gallo wrote, produced and directed it.
It was unrated when released but is extremely similar to an NC-17.
It was controversial at the time of its release.
Vincent Gallo as Bud Clay
Chloë Sevigny as Daisy
Cheryl Tiegs as Lilly
Elizabeth Blake as Rose
Anna Vareschi as Violet
Mary Morasky as Mrs. Lemon
Rick Doucette (uncredited) as Featured racer
Andreas Vesalius (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a Flemish anatomist, physician, and author.
He wrote one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body).
Vesalius is often called the founder of modern human anatomy.
Vesalius is the Latinized form of Andries van Wesel.
He is sometimes also called Andreas Vesal, André Vesalio and Andre Vesale.
Anatomies had been published before, but those of Vesalius were in a different class.
They were based on actual dissections of human bodies (after death).
And the drawings were artwork of the highest class.
Dissections of cadavers (dead human bodies) was forbidden for many centuries, and this limited previous work on anatomy.
Before Vesalius, most information about the human body came from Galen.
By dissecting human bodies, Vesalius showed that many of the things Galen wrote about were wrong.
Galen was primarily misinformed about the human heart, liver and lower jaw bone.
It was found that Galen's work was based on Barbary apes, but he also dissected pigs, which led to even more inaccurate observations.
Vesalius was invited to be the Imperial physician of Emperor Charles V.  After the abdication of Emperor Charles V he continued at court in great favour with the Emperor's son Philip II.
1514 births
Writers from Brussels
Rembert Dodoens (29 June 1517 – 10 March 1585) was a Flemish physician and botanist.
He is also known by his Latinized name Rembertus Dodonaeus.
In 1530 he began his studies in medicine, cosmography and geography at the University of Leuven.
He graduated in 1535.
He became a physician in Mechelen in 1538.
He married Kathelijne De Bruyn(e) in 1539.
He had a short stay in Basel (1542–1546).
He turned down a chair at the University of Leuven in 1557.
He also turned down an offer to become court physician of emperor Philip II of Spain.
He became the court physician of the Austrian emperor Rudolph II in Vienna (1575–1578).
He then became professor in medicine at the University of Leiden in 1582, and remained there until his death.
Dodoens wrote Cruydeboeck  in 1554.
It became a work of worldwide renown, used as a reference book for two centuries.
The plant genus Dodonaea was named after him by Carolus Linnaeus.
When an outcome is not anticipated or foreseen, the situation at the end of a process may be different from what was intended.
In other words, purposeful action may create consequences which are
not intended (unintended)
not anticipated (unanticipated)
not foreseen (unforeseen)
This concept is one of the building blocks of economics.
The term was coined and popularised in the 20th century.
Its use has expanded into a range of contexts.
A positive, unexpected good effect is also described as good luck
A negative, unanticipated bad effect in addition to what was expected
A perverse, unforeseen effect which is outside the scope or opposite to what was intended
In other words, it is impossible to anticipate everything, and this leads to an analysis which is not detailed enough.
In other words, there is an incorrect or mistaken analysis.
For example, error might result from following a process or procedure which worked in the past but which does not work well enough or not at all in a new situation.
Immediate interest
In other words, the focus on short-term goals may be viewed as more important than long-term interests.
Basic values
In other words, there may be factors which require or prohibit certain actions regardless of the long-term results.
Unexpected and good
Aspirin is a pain reliever.
Among other things, aspirin affects the blood's ability to clot.
An unintended consequence is that aspirin is sometimes good for people with heart problems.
Unexpected and bad
Rabbits were introduced in Australia and New Zealand; but without any natural enemies to slow the growth in numbers, there was an unanticipated consequence.
There was a problem of too many rabbits in both countries.
Unexpected and worse
When the government stopped paying for dead cobras, the snakes were released—and the problem was worse than before the government tried to do something about it.
Cheaper and easier travel
Cheaper travel, mostly in the form of air transport, is hugely beneficial to the economy by increasing tourism into a country.
It accounts for 30% of the world's trade of services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services.
It also creates opportunities for employment in the services needed for tourism.
With increased tourism comes a variety of unlooked-for problems, such as increased illegal immigration.
Perhaps even more serious is that returning tourists may bring back parasites and diseases which are not usual in the home country.
Furthermore, many of these organisms are now resistant to most treatment.
Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama movie directed by Gus Van Sant, written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, and stars Robin Williams, Damon (who played the eponymous role), Affleck, Stellan Skarsgård and Minnie Driver.
Filming in Boston, Massachusetts.
it was released on December 5, 1997.
Movies directed by Gus Van Sant
San Miguel River is a river in Ecuador and Peru.
It forms an international border between the two countries.
Army Corps of Engineers (1998). ''
St. John, Ronald Bruce (1994).
The Boundary Between Ecuador and Peru (Boundary and Territory Briefing).
International Boundaries Research Unit.
Mock the Week is a British topical celebrity comedy panel game.
It was created by Dan Patterson and Mark Leveson.
It is presented by Dara Ó Briain.
It began on 5 June 2005 and is shown BBC Two.
Two teams of three celebrities compete to answer questions about events during the past week.
Its current regular panel member is comedian Hugh Dennis.
Comedians Chris Addison, Rory Bremner, Frankie Boyle, Russell Howard and Andy Parsons previously served as regular panel members.
The Quasi-War was an undeclared naval war fought between the United States and the French Republic between 1798 and 1801.
1800s in the United States
The road to hell is paved with good intentions is an idiom or proverb.
It is about the difference between what someone intends to do and what they actually do.
In other words, the road to failure is made easier by good intentions.
In the mid-12th century, Bernard of Clairvaux wrote, "L'enfer est plein de bonnes volontés et désirs" (hell is full of good wishes and desires).
<ref>Amer, Christine. (
1997). [
https://books.google.com/books?id=9re1vfFh04sC&pg=PA542#v=onepage&q&f=false The American Heritage dictionary of idioms, p. 542].</ref>  The sentence has been repeated many times in other languages and contexts.
In 1775, Samuel Johnson commented on "the unhappy failure of pious resolves" when he is reported saying, "Sir, hell is paved with good intentions."
1631: George Herbert wrote in Jacula Prudentum, "Hell is full of good meanings and wishings."
1825: Walter Scott wrote in a letter to Miss Joauna Baillie, "I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas!
as some stern old divine says, " Hell is paved with good intentions" ... and so all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I suppose, "the burning marle" of the infernul regions."
1857: George John Whyte-Melville wrote in The Interpreter, "... if hell be paved with good intentions, it might be roofed with lost opportunities."
1942: C. S. Lewis explained in The Screwtape Letters'', "The safest road to hell is the gradual one – the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts.”
Friedrich Hölderlin,  "What has always made the state a hell on earth has been precisely that man has tried to make it heaven."
de:Liste geflügelter Worte/D#Der Weg zur Hölle ist mit guten Vorsätzen gepflastert
{{Infobox Weapon
|name=Heckler & Koch G11
|image=Gewehr G11 sk.jpg
|caption=G11
|type=Assault rifle (G11)Light machine gun (LMG11)Personal defense weapon (G11 PDW)
|service=
|designer=Heckler & Koch
|manufacturer=
|variants= Assault RifleLight Machine Gun (LMG11)Personal Defence Weapon (G11 PDW)
|weight=3.6 kg (8.0 lb) empty, 4.3 kg (9.5 lb) loaded
|length=750 mm (29.5 in)
|part_length=540 mm (155 mm per twist)
|cartridge=4.73x33mm caseless ammunition (DM11): G11 K2, LMG11
4.7x2mm, 4.3mm, 4.9mm for other G11 prototypes
4.73x25mm caseless: G11 PDW
|action=Gas operated, rotary breech (for G11 series), select fire
|rate= 460 rounds/min (full auto)  2000 rounds/min (3-round burst)
|velocity=Approx.
930 m/s (3,050 ft/s)
|range=400 m
|feed=45 or 50-round detachable box magazine
|sights= Integrated optical sight
G11 is a German assault rifle.
It was invented by Heckler & Koch in the years between 1968 and 1990.
It is able to shoot in semi automatic, or single shot, 3 round burst, or full auto.
The magazine held 45 or 50  of the 4,73mm caseless rounds.
The German army (Bundeswehr) and the US Army tested the weapon but they didn't want it because it was too expensive after the Cold War.
So it stayed to be a prototype and never got into mass production.
Bullpup rifles
Rate of fire is how fast a weapon can fire or launch its projectiles.
It is usually measured in rounds per minute (RPM or round/min), or per second (RPS or round/s).
Pistols usually have a very slow RPM, which large machine guns may get up to 1000 RPM.
The M61 Vulcan, a gatling-gun, could fire around 6000 RPM in tests.
It shows the death of Greek philosopher Socrates.
He was sentenced to die by drinking hemlock.
He was sentenced to die because his ideas were against those of Athens.
It was also for corrupting the minds of the youth.
The painting also shows both Crito and Plato.
Crito is sitting sadly at the edge of the bed.
Plato is holding the knee of Socrates.
Socrates had the choice to go into exile or be sentenced to death by drinking hemlock.
Socrates chose death.
In this painting, a red-robed disciple hands a confident Socrates the goblet of hemlock.
Socrates' hand pointing to the heavens is his love of the gods and fearless attitude to his death.
Europe in the age of enlightenment and revolution, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this painting (see index)
The Death of Socrates  on Google Art Project
In 1861, he made the ammonia-soda process to make soda ash.
He founded the company Solvay & Cie.
The first factory was at Couillet in 1863.
Soon, Solvay process plants were in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Austria.
Today, about 70 Solvay process plants are still working worldwide.
He elected two times to the Belgian Senate.
He was Minister of State at the end of his life.
Solvay, New York and Rosignano Solvay, the locations of the first Solvay process plants in the United States and in Italy, are named after him.
Belgian businesspeople
European philanthropists
Simon Stevin (1548/49 – 1620) was a Flemish mathematician and military engineer.
He translated many mathematical terms into Dutch.
Stevin was born in Bruges, Flanders (now Belgium) around the year 1548.
It is thought that Simon was a Calvinist.
Very little has been recorded about his life.
It is known that he left a widow with two children.
1540s births
Zénobe Théophile Gramme (4 April 1826, Amay - 20 January 1901) was a Belgian electrical engineer.
He invented the Gramme machine.
The Gramme machine was a type of direct current dynamo.
It made smoother (less AC) and much higher voltages than other dynamos.
Belgian scientists
A Gramme machine, Gramme ring, Gramme magneto, or Gramme dynamo is an electrical generator that makes direct current.
It is named for its Belgian inventor, Zénobe Gramme.
It was the first generator to make enough power for industry.
Gramme showed this machine to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in 1871.
Russell Brand's Ponderland is a British comedy television programme.
It is presented by Russell Brand and was first shown on Channel 4 in 2007 and 2008.
Brand talks about a different topic in each episode, showing clips of archive footage and commenting on them.
Bakelite, or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, is an early plastic.
It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from an elimination reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
It was made in 1907 by Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland.
Bakelite was used for its electrically nonconductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings.
It was also in products as kitchenware, jewelry, pipe stems, and children's toys.
Philip Anthony Esposito, OC  (born February 20, 1942 ) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey centre.
He played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins and New York Rangers.
It is said he is one of the best players in the National Hockey League.
Phil is the older brother of Tony Esposito.
Tony is a goaltender and he is also a Hall-of-Famer.
After retiring as a player, Esposito was head coach and general manager for the New York Rangers.
Then he started the Tampa Bay Lightning.
He worked for the NHL on Fox from 1995 to 1998.
He is now Tampa Bay's radio announcer.
Leo Hendrik Baekeland (Ghent , November 14, 1863 – February 23, 1944) was a Belgian chemist.
He invented Velox photographic paper (1893).
He also made Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, nonflammable, versatile, and popular plastic, which marks the beginning of the modern plastics industry.
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763, by the Kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement.
It ended the Seven Years' War, which is known as the French and Indian War in North America.
The British won the war against France and Spain.
The treaty gave control of the northern part of North America in what is now Canada to Britain.
France was left with only two small islands, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, for its cod fishery.