the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In particular, Simon Cameron, was forced on Lincoln by a deal struck with the Pennsylvania delegates at the Republican Convention.
He already had a reputation for being incompetent and corrupt.
Per the agreement he was Lincoln's Secretary of War.
Hannibal Hamlin, Lincoln's first Vice President (1861–1865).
Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's second Vice President (1865–1865) and 17th President of the United States.
Salmon P. Chase, United States Secretary of the Treasury.
In 1864 he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Simon Cameron, Secretary of War (1861–1862).
Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War (1862–1865).
William H. Seward, Secretary of State (1861–1865).
Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy (1861–1865).
Montgomery Blair, Postmaster General (1861–1864).
Edward Bates, Attorney General (1861–1864).
Domestic affairs
The Lincoln administration found itself tasked with guiding the country through its darkest days.
He inherited the problems from his predecessor, President James Buchanan.
In his own inaugural address four years earlier, Buchan had called the issues of slavery “happily, a matter of but little practical importance.”
Buchanan took the position he did not have the power to do anything about the impending civil war.
He said: “It is beyond the power of any president, no matter what may be his own political proclivities, to restore peace and harmony among the states.
Wisely limited and restrained as is his power under our Constitution and laws, he alone can accomplish but little for good or for evil on such a momentous question.”
As the civil war approached, under Buchanan's presidency the country slid into a recession.
Rather than ignore or accept the situation, Lincoln had to mend a broken nation or see it torn apart.
Between the presidential election and his inauguration, the seven states that seceded formed the Confederate States of America.
Their constitution was patterned after the United States Constitution with four differences.
It supported states' Sovereignty.
It guaranteed slavery would always exist in the Confederate states.
It did not allow the Southern Congress to establish protective tariffs.
It also limited the term of president of the Confederate states to 6 years.
Jefferson Davis was elected as president of the CSA.
He was a Mississippi slave owner, a U.S. senator and had also been secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce.
The CSA assumed several philosophical positions that differed from those of the United States.
It assumed the United States was merely an association of sovereign states as they had been under the Articles of Confederation before the acceptance of the U.S. Constitution.
They maintained that as such, each state was free to leave the association of states.
The North saw the Union as a permanent country.
Lincoln pointed out that each state had given up its own sovereignty when it ratified and accepted the Constitution.
He also argued that no state had the right to revolt against their country, the United States of America.
But Lincoln remained silent about the CSA from their formation until his inauguration.
He repeated his campaign promise, that as President he would take no steps to stop or limit slavery in those states where it already existed.
However, he did not accept the proposals made by the Peace Commission.
Demonstrating his peaceful intentions, his inaugural address was aimed at preventing other Southern states from joining the CSA.
They were not enemies.
He would not attack the CSA but would keep and maintain all property of the United States government that existed in the Southern states.
A day after his inauguration, Lincoln received a dispatch from Major Robert Anderson.
He was the commander of Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor.
He informed Lincoln that if the fort was not resupplied soon, he and his men would have to leave.
Lincoln thought of a way to resupply the fort without starting any fighting.
He would send unarmed supply ships to Fort Sumter.
He informed CSA President Davis of his intentions.
This way, the U.S. would not start any fighting but would retain the fort as Lincoln had promised they would.
Immediately Davis sent General P. G. T. Beauregard to force the fort's surrender before the supply ships could arrive.
At 4:30 a.m. on the morning on April 12, 1861, Confederate guns began a bombardment of Fort Sumter.
After 33 hours, Major Anderson surrendered the fort.
This was the start of the Civil War.
The war lasted for four years.
The North did not anticipate the South would fight almost to the last man to defend its "freedom".
The South had no idea that the North, led by Lincoln, would show an iron will to preserve the Union at all costs.
Foreign affairs
One of Lincoln's military strategies was to blockade the South's ports and approximately  of shoreline.
At the start of the war, with only a few ships, this was all but impossible.
By war's end, the Union had captured or destroyed 1500 blockade runners.
But with nearly 5 out of 6 shops able to evade the blockade, Great Britain argued it was not recognized by international law as it was a "paper blockade."
The Confederacy was able to ship only a small part of its main cash crop, cotton, to England during the war.
Three years before the war the South had shipped 10 million bales of cotton a year.
During the war they shipped a total of only 500,000 bales.
But English manufacturers had stockpiled large quantities of Southern cotton from the huge exports before the war.
What they had on hand carried them through most of the war.
In 1861, both the Confederacy and the Union wanted the help of Great Britain.
The North counted on them because of their condemnation of slavery.
The Confederacy counted on their help because of the great importance their cotton had to Britain's economy.
So both sides had diplomatic relations with Great Britain.
The South needed Britain's help to win the war.
Also, without the aid of Britain, France would not dare interfere even though they were already friendly with the South.
On May 4, 1861, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation declaring Britain's neutrality in the war and recognizing the Confederacy as a belligerent in the conflict.
This enraged Lincoln.
Seward, his Secretary of State, had already issued instructions to the new minister to Britain to quit and come home should the Queen recognize the Confederacy.
France followed with a similar declaration which also recognized the CSA as a nation.
Seward warned both nations of the possibility of war with the United States over this issue.
British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston sent a fleet of naval warships to the western Atlantic in preparation for a surprise attack on New York City.
They intended to use the world's largest ship, the SS Great Eastern as a troop transport.
They saw a strike against New York would be a strike against the U.S. center of commerce.
But in the spring of 1862, the British learned of the Union ironclad warship, the USS Monitor.
This cancelled any invasion plans.
While the British Navy had ironclad warships, they required deep water to navigate.
The Monitor and Northern ships like her could destroy British ships should they try to blockade Northern ports.
Russia was also concerned the British and/or French might step in.
During the summer of 1862, a coalition of nations considered stepping in to mediate the war.
These included Britain, France, Prussia, Austria and Russia.
But in the fall of 1863, Tsar Alexander II of Russia sent his navy to protect the United States from any invasion by Great Britain and France.
Their Baltic fleet began arriving in New York harbor on September 24, 1863.
The Russian Far East fleet was sent to San Francisco.
For the remainder of the war, most European countries had little to gain by recognizing the Confederacy as a sovereign nation.
Lincoln was diplomatic in his handling of two Confederates who had been arrested on the British ship the Trent.
He ordered them both released.
Crop failures in Europe made Union agricultural products popular.
Egypt and India were able to supply the cotton that was formerly bought from the South before the war.
The Union was also a good customer for small arms and other manufactured goods from Europe.
However, dozens of blockade runners and warships were constructed for the Confederate Navy by English shipbuilders during the war.
Lincoln as commander in chief
In 1861, the American Civil war was the first modern total war.
And in 1861, nobody in the United States knew how to fight one.
Men could be enlisted and war goods could be manufactured, but generals took time to train.
The general in chief of the army in 1861 was Winfield Scott, in charge of an army of only about 16,000 men.
Scott was both old and old school (meaning he had no modern training).
Quite a few officers had been trained at West Point, but at the time West Point taught engineering, mathematics and fortifications.
It taught very little about strategy and nothing about leading large formations of soldiers in the field.
None had learned anything about staff work or how to manage an army except those few who could read French or who had any military experience in Europe.
One of the worst problems is that field commanders did not even have accurate maps of the areas they had to move and fight in.
Except in the West, local maps did not exist for many parts of the country.
Unlike Jefferson Davis, who did have military experience, Lincoln had almost none.
Lincoln faced a very steep learning curve when the war started.
But Lincoln was a quick study.
He had taught himself to be a lawyer.
Learning military strategy proved to be something else he could do very well.
He read books on strategy, military history and learned from the successes and failures of his troops in the field.
He also learned from the enemy's military tactics.
He learned so well that by 1862, historian T. Harry William said about him: "Lincoln stands out as a great war president, probably the greatest in our history, and a great natural strategist, a better one than any of his generals."
Although there is no evidence he ever read Karl von Clausewitz's On War, his actions followed the book's central argument: "The political objective is the goal, war is the means of reaching it, and means can never be considered in isolation from their purpose.
Therefore, it is clear that war should never be thought of as something autonomous but always as an instrument of policy."
President Abraham Lincoln 1st Inaugural Address; YouTube
Lincoln and Davis: War Presidents: YouTube
Abraham Lincoln vs. the British Empire - part 1: YouTube
Abraham Lincoln vs. the British Empire - part 2:YouTube
The PK is a machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and is still being used currently by the Russian Army.
The PK went in production in 1961 and entered in 1969 to replace the Degtyaryov and the SG-43.
The PK was designed by the AK-47 inventor named Mikhail Kalashnikov.
The Russian factory produced over 1,000,000 PK machine guns since the 1960s and today.
It’s an upside down AKM.
Chiloé Island (Spanish: Isla de Chiloé), also known as Greater Island of Chiloé (Isla Grande de Chiloé), is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the chilean coast with the Pacific Ocean.
The island is located in southern side of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region.
Additionally, it has a very special architecture and local culture.
As example, the Churches of Chiloé are part of the World Heritage Sites.
Description about Chiloé churches with pictures
Images of Chiloé
Chiloé Archipelago is an archipelago located in Los Lagos Region, in southern Chile.
The main island is Chiloé Island (Isla Grande de Chiloé).
The Maipo is a river that flows from east to west through the Santiago Metropolitan and the Valparaíso regions in central Chile.
It flows just south ot the national capital, Santiago, and ends in the Pacific Ocean.
The Maipo river starts on the Andes, in the place called Los Nacimientos, on the side of the Maipo volcano, in the San José de Maipo commune (Santiago Metropolitan Region), at an elevation of about .
From its start, the river flows to the northwest through the Cajón del Maipo, a canyon; the El Volcán and Yeso rivers join the Maio before San José de Maipo near the town of San Gabriel and as right tributaries.
After the city of San José de Maipo the river is joined, also as a right tributary, by the Colorado river and then turns to the southwest.
After a total of about , Maipo river leaves the Andes to the south of Puente Alto, still at near  of altitude above sea level, and gets into the Maipo valley.
Near Talagante, after flowing through the city of Santiago, the Mapocho river joins, as a right tributary, the Maipo river.
After crossing the coastal mountains, the Maipo gets to the town of Llolleo, just south of the port city of San Antonio, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Clarillo -
El Volcán-
Yeso -
Colorado -
Mapocho -
In the upper part, the Maipo is used to produce hydroelectricity.
The Cajón del Maipo is a popular tourist region, mainly for water sports like rafting.
Cuenca Río Maipo
Maipo is a stratovolcano in the Andes, lying on the border between Argentina and Chile.
It is located  south of Tupungato, one of the highest mountains in the Americas, and about  southeast of Santiago.
In Chile, the Maipo volcano is in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, Cordillera province,  San José de Maipo commune.
In Argentina, it is in the Mendoza province, San Carlos department, Pareditas district.
The Maipo river starts on the western side (Chile) of the volcan.
The Diamante river start on the eastern side (Argentina) in the lake with the same name.
The volcano was formed during the Pleistocene.
There are four historical and confirmed records of eruptions of the Maipo: in 1826, 1829,1905 and 1912.
The Laguna del Diamante ("Diamond Lake") was formed by the eruption of 1826.
The black marlin (Istiompax indica) is a species of marlin.
It is found in tropical and subtropical areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
The fish has a maximum length of  and weight of .
It is one of the largest marlins and also one of the largest bony fish.
This marlin is one of the fastest fish, with speeds of up to .
This is estimated from the speed that hooked marlins unwind fishing line.
Black marlin are fished commercially and are also a highly prized game fish.
Lindi Region is one of Tanzania's 30 administrative regions.
The regional capital is Lindi.
Seven Kings School (used to be known as Seven Kings High School) is a mixed comprehensive (primary and secondary) school in Ilford in East London, England.
For students aged 4–18 years old, Seven Kings School has a separate Primary school and Secondary school buildings, which are close to each other.
Seven Kings has also took part in and won awards (which are well known around the UK), such as, The Jack Petchey Award and are known as a National Teaching School.
Seven Kings were the first to work to include pupils with special needs and disabilities.
Seven Kings Primary School is a four-form entry school (they have four classes for each year group), with 120 reception children who started in September 2015.
While they move up, a 120 more children will start going to the school, every year.
The school will be full by September 2021, when the original class of reception children becomes Year 6.
These first children will be the original year groups of the school and will see the school grow, as they move up through it.
All children who go to Seven Kings Primary will be allowed to move on to Seven Kings High School, if they or their parents choose to do so.
Sixth Form
Seven Kings also has a sixth form (Year 12 and Year 13).
The sixth form allows more students than the secondary school and allows pupils from boroughs and towns next to Redbridge.
More than a hundred students are from another school but this can change on how many Year 11s carry on.
You can pick up to four A-Levels there.
Shyampur is located at .
Its has an areas of total 2.31 km².
This Shyampur has a population of 60152.
Males constitute 49.78% of the population, and females 50.22%.
Shyampur has an average literacy rate of 52.68%, and the national average of 32.4% literate.
Administration Divisions
Upazilas of Bangladesh
Pulau Ubin (also called Ubin Island) is an island at the northeast of Singapore.
The island is now a tourist attraction.
Less than 100 people stay on the island.
But many people visit in the daytime to enjoy nature.
Pulau Ubin means "Granite Island" in Malay language.
Visitors can take a boat from Changi Point Ferry Terminal.
It takes 10 minutes to reach Pulau Ubin.
On the island, people can ride bicycles.
There are some shops which rent bicycles to visitors.
Aljunied MRT station (EW9) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East West line in Geylang, Singapore.
Named after Aljunied Road, this station primarily serves Aljunied, one of the subzones that make up Geylang planning area.
The station was opened on 4 November 1989.
It was formerly called E4, well before 2001.
On 26 June 2009, train services along the East West line were disrupted for almost 18 minutes at about 7.25 pm after a Chinese man in his 40s jumped onto the train tracks ran towards Paya Lebar.
SMRT staff did not manage to find the man but he was arrested by the police after found his way down to the street.
He had leg injuries and was later charged with attempted suicide.
Regional Science Association International (RSAI) is an international association of Regional science.
The organization was established in 1954 as an international community of scholars interested in the regional impacts of national or global processes of economic and social change.
located in the University of Azores, Azores, Portugal.
the organization is beneath center of 22 regional organizations worldwide.
Meteomont is the mountain meteorological service of the  Italian Army.
The service helps with search and rescue.
It also assesses the risk of avalanches, gives early  warning of avalanches, and assesses mountain snow conditions in general.
The service works together with the Carabinieri (the Italian Army law  enforcement service),  the meteorological and intelligence service of the Italian Air Force, and the Alpini.
The Alpini are the elite mountain troops of the Italian Army.
A whitelist is a list of acceptable, recognised or privileged people, websites or images.
On the computer, a whitelist shows a list of websites that you can go to; any website not on the whitelist is not accepted.
The opposite is a blacklist, which shows a list of websites that you cannot go to.
Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho (August 31, 1936 – July 25, 2021) was a Portuguese military officer.
He was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon.
He unsuccessfully ran for President of Portugal in 1976 and in 1980.
On July 10, 2021, Otelo was hospitalized at Hospital das Forças Armadas in Lisbon.
He died fifteen days later on July 25 from heart failure, aged 84.
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola  (generally referred to as António de Spínola, ; 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer.
During the Carnation Revolution, Marcelo Caetano would only surrender to Spínola.
This gave Spínola an important place after the revolution.
He was made president of the National Salvation Junta.
Then he became President of Portugal.
He was only President 4 months before Francisco da Costa Gomes took the position.
General Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves was a Portuguese army officer.
After the Carnation Revolution, he served as the Prime Minister of Portugal.
Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro founded the Portuguese Social Democratic Party in 1974.
He was elected Prime Minister of Portugal in January 1980.
Sá Carneiro died in a plane crash in December 1980.
NS provides rail services on the Dutch main rail network.
The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003.
NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers.
In addition, NS provides international rail services from Abellio which runs Abellio Greater Anglia, Merseyrail and ScotRail in the United Kingdom.
Because the area is close to the London Docklands and east of the city, it has been a popular place for immigrants and the working class.
The area was the centre of the London Jewish community in the 19th and early 20th century.
It is where the infamous Whitechapel Murders by Jack the Ripper took place in 1888.
In the latter half of the 20th century, Tower Hamlets (including Whitechapel) became the largest settlement for the British Bangladeshi community, particularly on and around Whitechapel Road and Brick Lane.
Holywood ( ) is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland.
It is a civil parish and townland of 755 acres lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor.
Holywood Exchange and Belfast City Airport are nearby.
The town hosts an annual jazz and blues festival.
Zablon Simintov (born 1959) is thought to be the last Jew in Afghanistan.
He was born in Herat.
Simintov had lived with the second last remaining Jewish man in Afghanistan, Ishaq Levin, who died on January 26, 2005, aged around 80.
However, he has obtained special permission from the nearest rabbi, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, to slaughter his own meat in line with kosher dietary laws.
That can normally only be done by a specially trained and qualified Jewish ritual slaughterer.
He says that he receives special kosher packages for Passover from Afghan Jews living in New York.
His wife and two daughters live in Israel.
When asked during an interview whether he would emigrate to Israel, Simintov retorted, "Go to Israel?
What business do I have there?
Why should I leave?"
The first modern hearing aids were made in the 17th century.
Even though that was when they first became popular, since the 13th century people had already been making similar devices by hollowing out the horns of animals.
Hearing aids did not improve very much until electricity and the telephone were created in 1898.
This is when the first electric hearing aid was also created, but it was not given out to the public to use until later in the 20th century.
Over the past century however, the fast development of technology has changed and improved the hearing aid greatly, making new designs and adding new functions to be able to help even more hearing problems.
Ear trumpets
The first hearing aids were called ear trumpets and were large funnel-shaped devices that were mostly made out of metal, animal horns, wood and even snail shells.
People would hold to the device to their ear when they needed to use it to hear.
These hearing aids did not make sound louder but collected sound and directed it into the ear which made the sound energy stronger when it hits the ear drum, helping to make hearing easier for people with hearing loss.
Ear trumpets worked by capturing more sound for users, so the best way to make them work was for others to speak into the opening of the trumpet.
When used in more public places such as concerts, the ear trumpet would not be as effective.
Background noise could not be blocked and would enter the trumpet along with the sounds that the user is trying to focus on.
Late in the 19th century, after the invention of telephones and microphones, the electric hearing aids was created.
Even though they were made during the 1870s - 1890s, they did not become popular until the early 20th century.
The first electronic hearing aid was called an Akouphone, and was invented by Miller Reese Hutchinson.
It used a carbon transmitter created by Thomas Edison which could increase sound by about 15 decibels by using an electric current to make the sound signal stronger.
These first electronic hearing aids were portable but still a little large and were not easily carried around.
Also, they sometimes had a scratchy noise and could not pick up all sounds so were not ideal.
In 1920, the vacuum-tube hearing aid was created by Earl Hanson who was a naval engineer.
Similar to the electronic hearing aids, these devices used the transmitter found in telephones to make sounds louder.
It would do this by turn sound into electronic current and making it louder and moving it to the ear.
Vacuum tubes could increase sound by up to 70 decibels, and worked better because they could control electricity better than carbon could.
These were first the size of a cabinet, but between the 1920s - 1930s, the hearing aids were made small enough to fit into a small box.
The hearing aids were continued to be made even smaller and in the late 1940s, a device that could fit in the pockets was made.
This device still connected to the ears through wires so many people still did not think it was appealing.
Vacuum tubes were replaced by smaller and better transistors.
The transistor was not only smaller but also needed less power and sounded better than the vacuum tubes.
With the small transistors, hearing aids were finally able to be worn inside or behind the ear, making hearing aids much more popular.
Digital hearing aids
Later in the 20th century, transistors were beginning to be made out of silicon and hearing aids could be made even smaller.
Microprocessors were created and also added into hearing aids and sound signals were made to be processed digitally.
Eventually, this allowed for hearing aids to be programmed, and customised to the needs of users.
The technology inside the hearing aids is similar to the technology in mobile phones, computers and televisions.
History of Hearing Aid Solutions - Infographic
Presbycusis is a type of sensorineural hearing loss which is caused by natural aging.
Presbycusis occurs over time, becoming worse as people age and can not be reversed.
It is the most common form of hearing loss and the second most common illness among older people, effecting up to 1 in 3 people by the age of 65.
As a form of hearing loss, presbyusis will result in a decreased ability to hear sounds.
Since it is a form of hearing loss that occurs over time, many people do not realise that they are affected and continue to believe that their hearing is normal.
There are symptoms however that provide clear signs that hearing loss is present.
Sounds, and speech becoming unclear
Speech becoming harder to understand, especially of children and women
Needing to increase volume when using TV, listening to music and the radio
Difficulty focusing on sounds when there is a lot of background noise
Communication for people who are experiencing presbycusis usually will become a lot more difficult.
Although noises may still sound loud, it is common that with this hearing loss, the sounds will not be clear.
This is especially true when hearing high-pitched or high-frequency sounds.
Unlike other forms of hearing loss such as noise-induced hearing loss it is a normal part of aging.
Even though it occurs naturally, there are factors that can make it worse and make it happen earlier in life.
Presbycusis is usually a form of sensorineural hearing loss, which means that it is due to problems in the inner ear or the hearing nerve due to loss or damage to the hair cells that line the inner ear.
The most common causes of sensorineural hearing loss are exposure to loud noise for long periods of time as well as some diseases.
Noise-induced hearing loss in particular, coming from exposure to loud sounds can be prevented by using protection as well as avoidance
Hearing loss can be managed through the use of hearing aids and is used by many elderly people experiencing presbycusis.
Hearing aids are not only able to increase sound levels but also separate an increase relevant sounds, making them very useful in helping with hearing.
National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia for more information on hearing problems.
Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand for more information on hearing problems.
Hyperacusis is a hearing health problem where people become more sensitive to some sounds for certain frequencies and volumes.
This can make everyday sounds such as a car, dishwasher or refrigerator sound very loud.
It is usually very difficult to tolerate and can be uncomfortable or even painful for people experiencing it.
The increasing sensitivity of the ears caused by hyperacusis is usually painful for many people.
Not only can it negatively effect the everyday lives of people experiencing it, it can for some make it very difficult and even not possible to do their everyday jobs and take care of their responsibilities.
There are many symptoms experienced by those with hyperacusis.
Annoyance or pain caused by noise that sounds normal to other people.
Often quiet sounds are not a problem whereas normal conversations can be too loud
Low sounds can still be too loud
Dizziness and nausea from loud sounds
Tinnitus affects a large portion - up to 89% - of those experiencing hyperacusis.
Loud sounds can make tinnitus for these people worse
Similarly to other hearing problems, hyperacusis can occur suddenly or gradually over time and is a problem that can affect people of all different ages in one or both ears.
Again, like other forms of hearing problems, there are a variety of possible causes ranging from exposure to noise and other diseases.
Extremely loud one-time sounds such as an explosion
Head injury or damage such as caused by a fall or slap
Long periods of exposure to loud sound
Ear surgery and other medical procedures
Diseases such as lyme disease and some medications
Hyperacusis cannot always be fully cured, but for most patients the symptoms get better with time and treatment.
Patients will need to learn to use hearing protection against sounds which are very loud, but to not use these in everyday situations.
Protecting the ears too much will make the symptoms worse instead of better.
Sound therapy is a popular form of treatment that is usually used to treat tinnitus.
It involves using a noise-generator to put sound into the ears at a soft level for periods of time throughout the day in order to build tolerance to the pain caused by hyperacusis and to make the ears hear in a normal way again.
Wear hearing protection in spaces with loud sounds to avoid pain
Short term medication
Counseling to better understand Hyperacusis and to learn not to overprotect the ears.
Bolesław Bierut was a Polish Communist leader.
He became President of Poland after the Soviet Union took leadership of the country.
Bierut was a strong supporter of Stalinism.
Władysław Gomułka (; 6 February 1905 – 1 September 1982) was a Polish communist politician.
After World War II he was the leader of Poland until 1948.
Following the Polish October he became leader again from 1956 to 1970.
Gomułka was one of the key leaders of the Warsaw Pact.
He supported Poland's participation in Prague Spring in August 1968.
One of his notable achievements was negotiating the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) with West Germany.
The treaty meant Germany agreed to the post-World War II borders.
Order of the Builders of People's Poland
Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Partisan Cross
Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class
A tinnitus masker is an electronic device that produces noise at low levels and is used by those experiencing tinnitus to cover up the ringing or other sounds they are hearing.
Many people who experience tinnitus also have hearing loss and are able to use a hearing aid that also acts as a tinnitus masker.
These devices will usually need to be customised by an audiologist to ensure that the masking noise used brings relief to the user as tinnitus is experienced differently by everyone.
Tinnitus is experienced differently by everyone.
It can be occasional or constant, can come as different sounds and can be loud or soft.
How loud it is (the sensation level) compared to other noise in the environment is an important factor when setting the sound generator.
The level of noise produced by a sound generator depends on the sensation level of tinnitus experienced and can be close to this level of this noise or even louder.
The purpose of this is to cover up the tinnitus sounds by having a constant noise playing in the background.
Noise produced by a tinnitus masker, which is called white noise, is designed to be calming and less irritating than tinnitus sounds.
Tinnitus maskers are not actually eliminating tinnitus or reducing it but provide a distraction to cover it up for those experiencing it.
The idea behind tinnitus maskers can be explained by a light analogy.
While turning on a lamp in a dark room will be very noticeable and the change in lighting will be very obvious, the change from turning a lamp on in a room that is already lit will not be very obvious.
The change would have been masked by the other light that was already present in the room.
Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province jurisdiction, established in 1987.
According to "Manchu name test": Fengning County name comes from Emperor Qianlong Yuci, take the word "Fung Fukang Corning."
Fengning paper cutting has a long history, Fengning folk paper-cut began in the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the beginning of paper-cut is used to reinforce the windows, blocking the window joints, and later gradually developed, gradually rich colors, the development of the characteristics of decorations, cultural values are also rising .
1993 Fengning was the Ministry of Culture named "Chinese folk paper-cut art town" now has Wei Wene, Shi Junfeng and other cultural heritage successor
In 2014, the Ministry of Culture website published "on the publicity of the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative list of projects recommended list" announcement, Fengning Teng cloth paste successfully included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage Directory.
Teng 's cloth painting is a new painting by Teng Teng, a folk artist of Fengning, Hebei.
His technique is a combination of painting, sculpture, heap embroidery, thangka and paper - cutting, and the materials are exquisite, colorful and delicate.
Realistic, drawn widely.
Fengning is a famous revolutionary poet Guo Xiaochuan's hometown.
Guo Xiaochuan, the famous poet, writer.
Born in 1919, died in 1976.
Guo Xiaoguan, formerly known as Guo Enda, was born in the Fengning Manchu Autonomous County town of Fengshan (at the time was the predecessor of Chengde - Rehe Province) an intellectual family.
The main works are: "plain old man", "into the fiery struggle", "to young citizens", "Pengcheng Wanli", "general trilogy", "sugar cane forest - blue gauze", "Kunlun line".
Emanuel Swedenborg (; ; born Emanuel Swedberg on 29 January 1688; died 29 March 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, theologian, revelator, and mystic.
He is best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758).
He was the father of mineralogy and physiology of brain.
His writings inspired Swedenborgianism.
The show was produced by Cosgrove Hall Films for Create TV and Film Limited and broadcasted by BBC.
It aired from 2003 to 2005.
The show was based on a book by Mike Brownlow published in 1999.
The main character is Tiny, who is a turquoise robot.
Hayley Carmichael as Tiny
Lenny Henry as Sporty
Jimmy Hibbert as Stretchy
Morwenna Banks as Rusty
Martin Clunes as Stripy
Su Pollard as Noisy
Emma Chambers as Spotty
Mike Hayley as Scary
Mel Giedroyc as Sparky #1
Sue Perkins as Sparky #2
2005 British television series endings
The Panaro () is a river of northeastern Italy, the last important right tributary of the Po river.
It starts in the Northern Apennines mountain range and flows through the Emilia-Romagna region.
The Panaro river, with the name Rio delle Tagliole, starts in the northern Apennines where Emilia-Romagna meets Tuscany, in the place called Foce a Giovo near the Monte Cimone.
From here it flows to the northeast down the valley.
At Pievepelago (in the Modena province), its name changes to Scoltenna.
Finally, the name is changed to Panaro after the confluence of the Scoltena and the Leo stream in the Montespecchio valley, Pavullo nel Frignano.
It borders the Parco regionale dei Sassi di Roccamalatina ("Regional Park of the Sassi di Roccamalatina") and keeps flowing to the north.
South of Modena, in Ponte Guerro, it is joined by the Guerro stream and in Fossalta, a place to the east of Modena, it is joined, as a left tributary, by the Tiepido stream, its main tributary.
At Bomporto, the river joins the Naviglio de Modena ("Modena canal or waterway") and can be navigated until its confluence with the Po, on the border with the Veneto region and to the west of Ferrara.
The Panaro flows mainly through the province of Modena but it also flows for a short distance in the Ferrara province after Finale Emilia.
It flows through several comunes; some of them, all in the Modena province, Emilia-Romagna region, are:
Pievepelago
Pavullo nel Frignano
Marano sul Panaro
Guiglia
Vignola
Savignano sul Panaro
Spilamberto
San Cesario sul Panaro
Bomporto
Finale Emilia
Bondeno
Fiumi italiani - Fiume Panaro
Numa Pompilius was the second King of Rome.
He succeeded Romulus in the year 715 BC.
Numa was of Sabine origin.
He is credited with creating the most important religious and cultural institutions in Rome most prominently the Pontifex Maximus, Most modern historians consider Numa to be pure legend and regard his reign as myth.
Exposure action value is a limit on the level of noise that workers can be exposed to.
The level of noise is measured in decibels and after this level, the workplace needs to make sure that workers are protected from the noise.
Safety plans need to be made to stop or lower the risk of hearing health problems for workers.
Workplace requirements
In order to control the level of noise in the workplace, a noise dosimeter which is a device that is used to measure the amount of noise in a workplace over time is used.
These devices can be worn on the body of a worker to record the level of sound they hear throughout their whole work day as they move to different areas of the workplace.
They can also be used to measure the level of noise in a large specific area of the workplace.
How the device is used depends on the work environment.
Some workers will be walking to different areas of a workplace throughout the whole day and hear different levels of sound but some will only be staying in one area.
If the noise dosimeter shows that the level of noise reaches the exposure action value, the employer needs to start using the program they have created to stop any future damage to their worker's hearing health.
The first part of this program is to find out which workers are affected by the noise that is over the exposure action value.
Once the workers have been found, they each need to do a hearing test.
This will help employers figure out how much hearing protection they will need to keep their workers safe as well as be able to compare the hearing level of the workers at this time to hearing levels later on.
If there are large changes, that usually means that workers need more help with their hearing health.
After the tests are done, employers will be able to give the workers the type of hearing protection that is best for them.
Workers should be able to pick the kind of hearing protection that they would like and it should not cost them.
Tests should continue to be done on the workers and their hearing protection to make sure that it still works.
The Nazi salute or Hitler salute is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany.
The salute is performed by extending the right arm in the air with a straightened hand.
Usually, the person offering the salute would say "Heil Hitler!" (
Hail Hitler!), "
Heil, mein Führer!" (
Hail, my leader!),
or "Sieg Heil!" (
Hail victory!).
It was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to show obedience to the party's leader, Adolf Hitler.
It also gave honour to the German nation (and later the German war effort).
The salute was required for all civilians.
It was mostly optional for military personnel who retained the traditional salute until shortly after the failed assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944.
Use of this salute is currently a criminal offense in Germany, Italy, Japan, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Uzbekistan.
In Switzerland, France, Canada, the Netherlands and Sweden, the salute is illegal hate speech if used for promoting Nazi ideology.
Wengen is a village in the municipality of Lauterbrunnen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Stechelberg is a small village in the municipality of Lauterbrunnen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Coimbatore district is one of the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu.
Its headquarter Coimbatore city is the second biggest city in the state of Tamil Nadu.
Coimbatore district is one of the most industrialized district of Tamil Nadu in textiles, education, healthcare, information technology, manufacturing etc.
As of 2011, Coimbatore district had a population of 34,58,045 and the literacy rate is 84%.
Coimbatore district was a part of the historical region of Kongu Nadu.
It was ruled by the Cheras in the ancient period.
Coimbatore is an important region between the Roman trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu.
In the 10th century, the medieval Cholas conquered the region.
In the 15th century it was controlled by the Vijayanagara Empire.
The Madurai Nayaks introduced the Palayakkars system after capturing Kongu Nadu region.
It was divided into 24 palayams.
Later this region came under the Kingdom of Mysore.
After the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the region was annexed with Madras prescidency.
Coimbatore played an important role in the Second Polygar War when the region was under Dheeran Chinnamalai.
Coimbatore city was named the capital of newly formed Coimbatore district.
It is said that the district comprised of modern-day Tiruppur, Erode, Karur, Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, Palakkad in Kerala and Chamarajanagar in Karnataka.
Coimbatore district is in the Western part of Tamil Nadu state.
The district is fed with many rivers.
The rivers of Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravathi, Kousika and Aliyar are the major rivers flowing through this district.
The drinking water is sourced by the Siruvani Dam.
Waterfalls in the district include Monkey Falls, Thirumoorthy Falls, Vaideki Falls, Sengupathi Falls and Chinnakallar Falls.
The Coimbatore district is near the Nilgiri Mountains, Anaimalai ranges and the Munnar ranges.
Forests consist of 20% of the district's area.
The main trees of these forests are the Teak, Sandalwood, Rosewood and Bamboo, which are used for commercial purposes.
Wild Elephants, Tigers, Spot-billed Pelicans, Wild boar, leopards, Bison, Nilgiri tahr, Sloth bear animals are common in these regions.
The Coimbatore district had a population of 34,58,045 with literacy rate of 84% and sex ratio of 1000 females per 1000 males.
The population also consists of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Tamil is the principle language spoken in this region.
The Tamil spoken here is known as Kongu Tamil, a variant of Tamil and English.
Being near the border of the state, a small proportion of people speak Malayalam, Telugu and also Kannada.
The majority religion is Hindu.
Valparai is a town in the Coimbatore district.
It is in the mountain region and is an excellent tourist place.
This town is also famous for tea plantations.
Several waterfalls such as the Monkey Falls are in this district.
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is in a valley between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathi Hills.
The Perur Pateeswarar temple, Vana Badhrakali Amman temple, Masani Amman Temple, Marudamalai Murugan Temple are famous temples present here.
The mountains of the Western Ghats also run through this district.
Slime Rancher is an Indie open world first person life simulation game video game made by Monomi Park.
The game was put on Steam Early Access on January 14, 2016, with it to be completed for Windows, OS X and Linux.
It is also planned for the Xbox one.
The player controls a character called Beatrix LeBeau, a rancher who moves to another planet.
The player must build their ranch to collect, raise and feed slimes who are Living creatures.
The game is based around feeding slimes so they make "plorts" which the player can sell for gold.
Gold is used for lots of things like, upgrading the players ranch and Upgrading the player.
The player uses their VacPack which is used to store a certain amount of items.
Soledad Giménez Muñoz, also known as Sole Giménez (February 27, 1963 in Paris, Île-de-France) is a Spanish-French singer-songwriter.
From 1983 until 2006, she was the leader of the jazz group Presuntos Implicados.
Some of her best known songs are Alma de blues, Mi pequeño tesoro, and Cómo hemos cambiado.
Giménez was born and raised in Paris, France, where she lived until she was 5 years old.
In 1968, she moved to Yecla, Region of Murcia, Spain, where her parents were from.
Today she lives with her family in Valencia, Spain.
Two years later, her brother convinced her to send a demo to the RNE's music contest: Don Domingo and she was selected to perform on the radio with her band, Presuntos Implicados.
At that time, there were eleven people in the band.
As a professional singer, she was hired by the U.S. label RCA.
Her first singles were Miss Circuitos and Te voy a provocar, and her first LP album was Danzad, danzad malditos.
In 2003, she left Presuntos Implicados and began her career as soloist.
In 2004, she released her first solo album, Ojalá.
With Presuntos Implicados
Sole Giménez's website
Gisikon is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Official Homepage of Gisikon
It is at the base of huge Mount Rigi.
The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district.
Honau is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
There are 2 arrondissements in the Hautes-Alpes department.
1790 : creation of the department with four districts: Briançon, Embrun, Gap and Serres; the capital was Chorges but in the same year it was moved to Gap.
1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Gap, Briançon and Embrun.
1926 : the arrondissement of Embrun was eliminated.
The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that  established a two-house legislature under the United States Constitution.
It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation in the lower house.
It required the upper house, United States Senate, to have two members from each state.
The lower house, or House of Representatives, would have representation based on the population of a state.
Fort Sumter is a island fortification in Charleston, South Carolina.
The fort was where the American Civil War began.
On April 12, 1861, Confederate artillery opened fire on the fort.
The Union garrison, under the command of Major Robert Anderson, surrendered the fort 34 hours later.
Union forces attempted to take the fort back several times during the Civil War.
The fort was abandoned by Confederate forces when the Union Army, under the command of Maj.
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman captured Charleston in February 1865.
President James Madison recommended a series of coastal defenses in a message to Congress on December 5, 1815.
This began a system of forts known as the "Third Coastal Defense System".
Congress agreed and construction began on these forts in 1816.
One of the locations selected was in Charleston harbor.
In 1829 construction began on a shoal in the harbor about  west of Fort Moultrie.
Over the next 16 years a   artificial island was created using  of rock and stone.
When completed it was designed to house 650 officers and soldiers with 135 guns mounted on three rows, one above the next.
All the guns would point towards the harbor.
It was named for Brigadier General Thomas Sumter, a Revolutionary War hero.
In 1860 the fort was about 90% complete when work stopped after South Carolina seceded from the Union.
In the early hours of April 12, 1861, a mortar shell exploded over the fort starting the Civil War.
During the war, Fort Sumter remained in Confederate hands.
From 1863 to 1865 Union forces laid siege to the fort.
For 587 days Confederate soldiers held onto the fort, although by 1865 the fort had been completely destroyed by Union bombardments.
In 1870, the work of clearing the rubble started.
The rebuilding of the fort was directed by General Quincy A. Gillmore.
He had commanded the Union guns during the siege of the fort in 1861.
But in 1876, the work stopped and the fort began to slowly deteriorate again.