the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is attached to a bridle to hold it on the horse's head, and to reins which the rider holds and allows them to control and cue the horse.
The mouthpiece of the bit is the part that goes into the horses mouth.
It is usually made of metal, but may also be made of plastic or rubber.
There are many different types of bits, including snaffles, pelhams, and curb bits.
They all work a little differently.
Some bits are "softer" than others, meaning that a pull on it is gentler to the horse than a "harsh" bit.
For example, bits with a smooth mouthpiece are soften than those with a twisted mouthpiece.
Bits are not cruel when used correctly, but a rider that pulls too hard can hurt a horse's mouth, especially if they use a harsh bit.
If a rider is inexperienced, they should ride with a softer bit so when they make mistakes they do not hurt the horse.
Experienced riders who can follow the horse's mouth as the horse moves and give very slight cues can use bits that are harsher.
They have the skill to use the bits for very fine control over the horse, without hurting it.
Certain bits are commonly used in certain horse activities.
For example, western style riding usually uses a curb bit.
English style usually uses a type of snaffle, although certain horses may be put in a different type of bit.
Saddleseat riding and high levels of dressage riding use a double bridle.
This is a bridle that holds 2 bits.
Each bit works a little differently so the rider can cue the horse to do different things.
The rider must ride with 2 reins in each hand.
This requires the rider to be skilled so they can handle both reins without confusing the horse.
Mazie Keiko Hirono (born November 3, 1947) is an American politician.
She is best known as the first Asian-American woman elected to the US Senate.
Hirono was born in Fukushima, Japan.
At the age of 8, she emigrated to Hawaii with her mother.
She became a US citizen in 1959.
She considers herself among the Issei who are immigrants born in Japan.
Hirono was elected three times to the US House of Representatives.
She was a member of Congress for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district before she was elected to the US Senate in 2012.
Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii
Francophonie is an international organization of politics and governments with French as the main language.
The countries have a large number of people who are francophones (French speakers), or where there is a notable affiliation with the French language or culture.
It used to be called the Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF) or the International Organization of the Francophonie.
There are 56 member states and governments, 3 associate members, and 19 observers.
The modern organization was created in 1970.
Its motto is "equality, complementarity, and solidarity".
Its present Secretary General is Michaëlle Jean since 2015
French geographer Onésime Reclus made the word Francophonie in 1880.
It is used to refer to the community of people and countries using the French language.
1970 establishments
CEN-SAD was started in February 1998 by six countries.
Since then its membership has grown to 29.
One of its main goals is to get economic unity through the free movement of people and goods.
This is to make the member states a free trade area.
African Petroleum Producers Association is an organisation of African countries that produce petroleum.
It was founded in 1986.
The Niger Basin Authority is an intergovernmental organisation in West Africa.
They manage and develop the resources of the basin of the Niger River.
The group is called by both French and English acronyms, NBA or ABN.
The organisation was founded in 1964 as the River Niger Commission.
On 21 November 1980, it was refounded as the Niger Basin Authority.
Nine nations are members: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Nigeria.
While a small area of Algeria is in the Niger Basin, it is not a member of the NBA.
The organisation is based in Niamey.
They work in both French and English.
The Slave Coast is the name of the coastal areas of present Togo, Benin (formerly Dahomey) and western Nigeria.
This is a fertile region of coastal Western Africa along the Bight of Benin.
In pre-colonial times it was one of the most densely populated parts of the African continent.
It was one of the most important places for the Atlantic slave trade from the early 16th century to the 19th century.
The slave trade became so large in the 18th and 19th centuries that an “Atlantic community” was formed.
Ports that exported these slaves from Africa include Ouidah, Lagos, Aného (Little Popo), Grand-Popo, Agoué, Jakin, Porto-Novo, and Badagry.
Researchers think that between 2 and 3 million slaves were exported out of this region.
They were traded for goods like alcohol and tobacco from the Americas and textiles from Europe.
Religions, architectural styles, languages, knowledge, and other new goods were mixed at this time.
Law, Robin.
The Slave Coast of West Africa 1550-1750: The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on an African Society.
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.
Law, Robin and Kristin Mann. “
African and American Atlantic Worlds.”
The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser.,
56:2 Apr. 1999, pp307–334.
Shillington, Kevin.
2nd Edition, MacMillan Publishers Limited, NY USA 2005.
St Clair, William.
The Door of No Return: The History of Cape Coast Castle and the Atlantic Slave Trade.
BlueBridge.
Dahomey was a French colony.
It was part of French West Africa from 1904 to 1958.
In 1947, Dahomey became part of the French Union and had more freedom.
On 11 December 1958, the French Fifth Republic was started.
The colony became the self-governing Republic of Dahomey.
Two years later on 1 August 1960 the country had full independence.
In 1975 it changed its name to Benin.
The People's Republic of Benin was a socialist state in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent.
It became present-day Benin.
The People's Republic was started on November 30, 1975, after the 1972 coup d'état in the Republic of Dahomey.
It lasted until March 1, 1990, with a new constitution.
The end of Marxism-Leninism in the nation was in 1989.
1970s establishments in Africa
The national flag of Benin was adopted in 1959.
It was changed after the Marxist regime started in 1975.
When that regime ended the old design was reintroduced on August 1, 1990.
The colours are the traditional Pan-African colours : green symbolizes hope, yellow symbolizes wealth and red symbolizes courage.
The coat of arms of Benin, was introduced in 1964.
It was replaced in 1975.
Then it was readopted in 1990.
At the top of the emblem is the national crest that has two horns with corn in the ear and filled with sand.
These are to stand for prosperity.
Below the crest is a shield that has the actual coat of arms of Benin.
The shield is broken into four quadrants.
The top left quadrant has a castle in the style of the Somba.
This is for the history of Benin.
In the top right quadrant, is the Star of Benin.
This is the highest award of the nation.
In the lower left quadrant is a palm tree.
Below the shield is the motto of Benin (Fellowship, Justice, Work) in French.
L'Aube Nouvelle is the national anthem of Benin.
In English the name is The Dawn of a New Day.
It was written and composed by Gilbert Jean Dagnon.
It was adopted on independence in 1960
Zinc finger nucleases (or ZFN) are a tool used to target genes and change DNA.
It was one of three methods of changing the genome with engineered nucleases.
Zinc fingers are man-made molecules made of a protein and zinc.
Each binds to a specific DNA.
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are enzymes got by fusing a zinc finger to a DNA cleavage enzyme called a Fokl.
So the ZFN binds onto a specific DNA sequence, then snips it in two places.
Regular cell enzymes stick the ends together, minus the bit snipped out (DNA repair).
Each ZFN is made to use on a single gene which is called a “target gene” or “target DNA”.
They can be designed to work on specific parts of genes to create a desired change.
The two types of DNA changes are mutations such as deletions and insertions.
Genetics research looks at the mutated subjects (animals, plants, bacteria) to find out what the particular gene does.
Zinc finger structure
'Zinc finger' is the name of many protein structures.
The zinc atom binds the proteins and makes them more stable.
ZFNs bind to DNA base pairs.
One zinc finger can bind about 3 base pairs by itself.
ZFN function
Zinc finger nucleases are made with 3-6 zinc fingers.
ZFNs have two important domains: a DNA-binding domain and a DNA-cleavage domain.
The DNA-cleavage domain uses an enzyme called Fokl that breaks DNA.
ZFN’s can only change DNA sequences they are designed for.
The DNA-binding domain binds to a specific DNA sequence.
Two ZFN’s designed for the same DNA sequence are needed change one gene.
The DNA-binding domains bind to both strands on the DNA double helix.
DNA-cleaving domains break the DNA strand and cut the gene base pairs out.
Cells fix broken DNA strands on their own using DNA repair.
Deletion mutations result from missing base pairs after DNA repair.
The length of target gene sequence can also be specified.
A minimum of 9 base pairs can be changed using 3 zinc fingers.
This is useful for removing and inserting very short DNA sequences and determining their effect on the target gene.
Also large sequences can be changed using more than one ZFN.
Use of ZFNs
ZFNs have been used to discover gene functions in many genetics studies.
ZFNs can be used to change DNA on any species.
Another feature of ZFNs is that they can be used in vivo (in living organisms).
They are currently used on model organisms: plants, insects, and fish.
Arabidopsis
C. elegans
Sea urchins
Problems using ZFNs
The biggest issue with ZFNs is accidentally altering genes besides the target gene.
A ZFN must be made to find the right base pairs on the target gene.
These base pairs are chosen so only the target gene will have them.
DNA-cleavage domains work on any DNA sequence so binding to a wrong gene sequence will change it instead.
ZFNs that knock out base pairs for more than one gene are not considered accurate.
Superseded
ZFNs have now been superseded by techniques called CRISPR.
They are easier to use and less costly.
Mont Sokbaro is the highest point of Benin.
It is on the border between Benin and Togo.
Sokbaro
Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, GCB, GCSI, PC (4 March 1811 – 27 June 1879), better known as Lawrence of the Punjab  was a famous British colonial officer, administrator and statesman in British India.
He had the distinction of serving as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab and later Viceroy of India from 1864 to 1869.
He was the younger brother of Sir Henry Lawrence.
The Lawrence Gardens, Lahore (now renamed Bagh i Jinnah) were originally named after John Lawrence.
The W Regional Park is a major national park in West Africa.
It is formed around a meander in the River Niger shaped like a "W".
The park includes areas of the three countries Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso.
The W National Park of Niger was formed by decree on 4 August 1954.
In 1996 it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In the three nations, the Regional park covers about 10,000 km².
Almost no people live in this area.
The park is known for its large mammals, including aardvarks, baboons, buffalo, caracal, cheetahs, elephants, hippopotamuses, leopards, lions, serval and warthogs.
The park has a home for some of West Africa's last wild African Elephants.
The W Park used to have packs of the endangered Painted Hunting Dog.
The National Park is one of the last strongholds for the Northwest African cheetah.
There is a small but increasing population of at least 15-25 animals of this rare cat in the park.
The W area is also known for its bird populations.
There are over 350 species identified in the park.
The Pendjari National Park is in north western Benin.
It is next to the Arli National Park in Burkina Faso.
It is named for the Pendjari River.
The national park is known for its wildlife and is home to some of the last populations of big game like elephants, West African lions, hippopotamuses, buffalo and various antelopes in West Africa.
The Park is also famous for its variety of birds.
The Pendjari National Park has an area of 2755 square kilometres.
The park is part of the WAP complex.
The WAP complex is the W, Arli and Pendjari parks.
This is a large protected area in Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger.
Nkroful is a village in Ghana.
The village is known because it was the birthplace of Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana.
Kwame Nkrumah who lead the country to independence from Great Britain is also buried there.
Villages in Africa
The metal can be compressed (squeezed).
When the compression force is removed, the spring returns to its original length.
The metal is usually spring steel, and it is wound tightly.
There is lot of varitions with size and type, example some springs have designed for pulling, not pushing.
Gas-springs are often used with vehicles tailgate.
Simple non-coiled springs were used throughout human history e.g., the bow.
In the Bronze Age more advanced spring devices were used, as shown by the spread of tweezers in many cultures.
Ctesibius of Alexandria developed a method for making bronze with spring-like characteristics by producing an alloy of bronze with an increased proportion of tin, and then hardening it by hammering after it is cast.
Coiled springs appeared early in the 15th century, in door locks.
The first spring powered-clocks appeared in that century.
They evolved into the first large watches by the 16th century.
The Fens, or , are a naturally marshy region in eastern England.
Most of the fens were drained several centuries ago.
They are now mostly a flat, damp, low-lying agricultural region.
A fen is an individual area of marshland or former marshland.
The marsh is (or was) neutral or alkaline water with relatively large quantities of dissolved minerals, but few other plant nutrients.
The Fenland is mostly around the coast of the Wash. It includes parts of four counties: Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and a small area of Suffolk.
The whole occupies an area of nearly .
Most of the Fenland lies within a few metres of sea level.
As with similar areas in the Netherlands, much of the Fenland originally consisted of fresh- or salt-water wetlands, which have been artificially drained and continue to be protected from floods by drainage banks and pumps.
With the support of this drainage system, the Fenland has become a major arable agricultural region in Britain for grains and vegetables.
The Fens are particularly fertile, containing around half of the grade 1 agricultural land in England.
The Fens are very low-lying compared with the chalk and limestone uplands that surround them – in most places no more than 10 m above sea level.
Indeed, as a result of drainage and the subsequent shrinkage of the peat fens, many parts of the Fens now lie below the average sea level.
Although one writer in the seventeenth century described the Fenland as all lying above sea level (in contrast to the Netherlands),<ref>H. C. A discourse concerning the drayning of fennes and surrounded grounds in the sixe counteys of Norfolk, Suffolke, Cambridge, with the Isle of Ely, Huntington, Northampton and Lincolne.
London: 1629.
Reprinted in 1647 under title: "The Drayner confirmed, and the obstinate Fenman confuted.</ref> the area is now home to the lowest land point in the United Kingdom, Holme Fen in Cambridgeshire, at around 2.75 metres below sea level.
Within the Fens there are a few hills, which have historically been called "islands" as they remained dry when the low-lying fens around them were flooded.
The largest of the fen-islands is the Isle of Ely, on which the cathedral city of Ely was built; its highest point is 39 m above mean sea-level.
Without artificial drainage and flood protection, the Fens would be liable to periodic flooding, particularly in winter due to the heavy load of water flowing down from the uplands and overflowing the rivers.
Some areas of the Fens were once permanently flooded, creating small lakes or meres'', while others were only flooded during periods of high water.
In the pre-modern period arable farming was limited to the higher areas of the surrounding uplands, the fen islands and the so-called "Townlands", an arch of silt ground around the Wash where the towns had their arable fields.
Though these lands were lower than the peat fens before the peat shrinkage began, the more stable silt soils were reclaimed by medieval farmers and embanked against any floods coming down from the peat areas or from the sea.
The rest of the Fenland was dedicated to pastoral farming, fishing, fowling and the harvesting of reeds or sedge, for example for thatch.
In this way, the medieval and early modern Fens stood in contrast to the rest of southern England, which was primarily an arable agricultural region.
An incident where all members of a group considered a cult kill themselves has been called a cult suicide.
In some cases, all or nearly all members commit suicide at the same time and place.
Very often, this has been arranged as a mass suicide.
Groups that have committed such mass suicides and that have been called cults include Heaven's Gate, Order of the Solar Temple, and Peoples Temple.
There are other cases, where the respective group has supported mass suicide, but where it did not encourage all members to kill themselves.
An example for such a case is that of the Filippians.
Puputan
"Global charts" World Health Organisation
"The Creativity Movement" ReligiousTolerance.org
"From Silver Lake to Suicide: One Family's Secret History of the Jonestown Massacre"  by Barry Isaacson
A destructive cult is a cult or other religious movement which has caused harm to its members or other people, or which will likely do so.
There is a discussion of what harm really means in this context.
For most researchers, it includes physical harm, so organisations who injure or kill their members qualify.
Some researchers also include mental abuse in this notion of harm, for example: "A destructive cult is a pyramid-shaped authoritarian regime with a person or group of people that have dictatorial control.
It uses deception in recruiting new members (e.g. people are NOT told up front what the group is, what the group actually believes and what will be expected of them if they become members".
Psychologist Michael Langone defines a destructive cult as "a highly manipulative group which exploits and sometimes physically and/or psychologically damages members and recruits".
Lifton's "Eight criteria for thought reform" are criteria to identify a destructive cult.
The use of the term "destructive cult" has also been criticised.
According to  some researchers, the term has been used to describe groups which are not necessarily harmful to themselves or others.
The term may be used too widely, and equated with the deaths of members of Peoples Temple at Jonestown.
Some complain that the term has been used to discredit groups.
Lorne L. Dawson writes that though the Unification Church "has not been shown to be violent or volatile," it has been described as a destructive cult by "anticult crusaders".
The German Federal Constitutional Court  ruled in 2002, that the German government defamed the Osho movement by referring to it, among other things, as a "destructive cult".
The court decided that "destructive cult" and other expressions employed by the government to describe the group had no factual basis to justify their use.
sv:Domedagssekt
A doomsday cult is a new religious movement or cult that says that the world is about to end.
According to these cults, there will be a catastrophe.
The only way to be saved is by joining the group, and by doing what it says.
John Lofland first used the term in 1966, in a study of the Unification Church.
Some researchers believe that the term should not be used by mass media or by governments, because it will reinforce the beliefs of the respective group, and lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Examples of groups said to be doomsday cults include the Peoples Temple, the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, and Aum Shinrikyo.
Aum Shinrikyo was responsible for an Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995, where thirteen people died.
The People's Temple organised a forced mass suicide in Guyana, at a facility now known as "Jonestown", where over 900 people died.
The Movement for the Restoration of the Ten commandments, in Uganda, predicted the end of the world would be on the 31st December 1999.
When it did not come, people in the movement became skeptical, and wanted their property back, which they had donated to the church leader.
At a religious service on 17th March 2000, the church where the service was held was put on fire, and 530 people died.
During the inquiry, the police found other people dead, at the properties of the movement; they had likely been poisoned.
In total, over 1000 people had died.
The leader of the movement survived, and has not been seen since then.
In Globalisation and the Future of Terrorism, Brynjar Lia notes that "Doomsday cults are nothing new," but also states that they are "relatively few".
Lia cites the mass murder/suicide of members of Peoples Temple at Jonestown, Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, the use of salmonella as a poison by followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, and actions of Aum Shinrikyo as examples, noting that: "...during the past decades one has witnessed a number of increasingly violent doomsday sects, inflicting mass violence on their members and, in rare cases, also on outsiders".
New religious movement is a term that is used for certain religious communities.
Such communities are usually small, compared to world religions.
Very often, they do not have a long history.
In most cases, the following will be true:
Most people in the movement converted from another religion; the case where the parents and children are part of the same movement does not occur often.
The members are all part of the same social group, for example the new middle class.
There is a charismatic leader.
There is a clear distinction between people who are part of the movement, and those that are not.
This distinction can often not be made easily, for mainstream religions.
The way the group is organised may change.
Other names for such movements include sect and cult.
They are problematic though, because they have a negative connotation.
Examples for movements that have been called cults are Scientology, Transcendental Meditation, Unification Church, Family International also called Children of God, Branch Davidians, Heaven's Gate and Wicca.
Richard Hildreth (June 28, 1807 – July 11, 1865), was an American journalist, author and historian.
He is best known for writing his six-volume History of the United States of America, 1849-1853.
Archy Moore, the white slave; or, Memoirs of a fugitive, 1836
The history of banks; to which is added a demonstration of the advantages and necessity of free competition in the business of banking, 1837
Theory of morals an inquiry concerning the law of moral distinctions and the variations and contradictions of ethical codes, 1844
Theory of politics; an inquiry into the foundations of governments and the causes and progress of political revolutions.
Despotism in America: an inquiry into the nature, results, and legal basis of the slave-holding system in the United States, 1854
The history of the United States of America, 1854
Japan as it was and is, 1855
Emerson, Donald E. (1946).
Richard Hildreth Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
George H. Kerr (November 7, 1911 – August 27, 1992), also known in Taiwan as 葛超智 (or 柯喬治), was an American diplomat, author and academic.
Du Pont romance, a reminiscent narrative of E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and company, 1938
Ryukyu Kingdom and Province before 1945, 1953
Okinawa, the history of an island people, 1958
Formosa betrayed, 1965
Formosa: licensed revolution and the home rule movement, 1895-1945, 1974
Bibliography of the Ryukyus, 1961
琉球文献目錄 (Bibliography of the Ryukyus), 1962
The Taiwan confrontation crisis, 1985
George H. Kerr Papers at the Online archive of California
Formosa Betrayed full text in PDF
George H. Kerr, American diplomat, author and academic
George Kerr (athlete), Olympic athlete from the British West Indies
Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt (July 29, 1861 – February 14, 1884) was the first wife of Teddy Roosevelt.
She died in 1884.
She was of Mexican descent and born in Texas.
She had 1 child with her husband.
Richard Henry Pitt Mason (3 March 1934 – 27 June 2009), also known as R.H.P. Mason, was an Australian academic, historian and Japanologist.
He is a professor at the Australian National University in Canberra.
A history of Japan, 1972 (with J.G. Caiger)
Japan's first general election, 1890, 1962
Saigyō, 1979
日本の第一回総選挙, 1973
日本の歴史, 1997
A map guide to Japan, 1968
Mason, R.H.P at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Australian historians
Abdominal migraine (AM) is a kind of migraine which causes severe pain in the area of the abdomen.
The pain is usually around the navel (belly button) area, which is called the periumbilical area.
AM is most common in children starting at about age 7, but younger and older children may also get AM.
Usually, abdominal migraines stop by the time children become teenagers.
However, children who have had AM are more likely to have migraine headaches when they are adults.
Sometimes adults also have abdominal migraines.
Abdominal migraine causes paroxysmal attacks - attacks that happen suddenly, and happen again and again.
The attacks can last from 1–72 hours, but they usually last less than 6 hours.
They happen about one-third more often in females than in males.
Abdominal migraines can cause other symptoms along with bad pain in the abdomen.
People with AM usually have at least two of these other symptoms: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite (not wanting to eat), headache, photophobia (being bothered by lights), and pallor (pale skin).
AM is more common in children of women who have had migraine headaches.
This suggests that AM may have a genetic cause (a cause that is passed down from parents to their children).
Abdominal migraines can cause many different symptoms.
A person having an AM may have all of these symptoms, or only a few.
Pain in the abdomen which lasts from 1–72 hours
Loss of appetite (not wanting to eat)
Nausea (feeling like throwing up)
Yawning
Listlessness (not having any energy)
Drowsiness (feeling very sleepy)
Pallor (the skin becomes pale (lighter in color than usual)
Flushing or skin blushing (the skin of the face, neck, or upper chest suddenly becomes redder.
This happens when the body makes more of the hormone adrenaline, which causes the heart to beat faster and pump more blood through the body's blood vessels.
The blood vessels also dilate (become larger))
Periorbital dark circles (dark circles under both eyes)
To diagnose abdominal migraine, first a doctor takes a patient's clinical history (where the doctor gathers information about all of the medical problems and medical treatments the patient has ever had).
The doctor also takes a family history (gathering information about family members' health), because many medical problems may be inheritable medical conditions.
This means that the problems may be passed down from parents to children, possibly because of problems in the family's genes.
Most people with abdominal migraines have family members (especially mothers) who have also had migraines.
Before making a final diagnosis of abdominal migraine, a doctor must rule out differential diagnoses.
These are other medical problems which could cause the same symptoms as AM.
The doctor must make sure that the patient doesn't actually have one of these other problems instead of AM:
Giardia lamblia - a parasite which can infect a person's gastrointestinal system
A peptic ulcer
Mesenteric adentis - (inflammation, or swelling, of the lymph nodes below and to the right of the navel (belly button)
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome
Splenoptosis or 'Wandering spleen'
Recurrent pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas that keeps happening
Richard Mason (historian), also known as R.H.P. Mason
Richard Mason (novelist), English author of The World of Suzie Wong
Richard Mason (16 May 1919-13 October 1997) was a British novelist and screenwriter.
He is best known for writing The World of Suzie Wong.
The book was adapted into a Broadway play in 1958.
Mason's work became the basis for the 1960 film starring William Holden and Nancy Kwan.
Among Mason's film screenplays was At Town Like Alice.
His work was nominated for the 1956 BAFTA British screenplay award.
The Wind Cannot Read, 1946
The Shadow and the Peak, 1949
The World of Suzie Wong, 1957
The Passionate Summer, 1958
The Fever Tree, 1962
Richard Mason at IMDb
Jacques Prévert (; 4 February 1900 – 11 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter.
His parents were André Prévert and Suzanne Catusse.
Jacques Prévert was married to Simone Dienne (1925 – 1946) then divorced and re-married to Janine Tricotet (1947 – 1977).
Prévert, Jacques, 1900-1977 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Podcast: Audio reading of the poem "Barbara"
http://vieadeux.biotope.ca/?p=63
is a school or style of karate.
It is a  martial art which was developed in Japan by Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957).
In the past, people practiced this martial art in many countries.
Shotokan is still popular in modern culture.
Karate is primarily a combat sport done with bare hands.
That is the meaning of Kara-te: empty hand.
So then the only weapons that can be used against a fighter are parts of the body.
There are many styles of karate in different parts of the world.
Shotokan is a style of karate that comes mainly from a small island south of Japan named Okinawa Island.
The person who began this martial art was Gichin Funakoshi.
This master practised karate all his life.
He taught for many years and he wrote a book about his art.
In 1939, Funakoshi established the first Shotokan dojo.
The order of karate belts is as follows for beginner to advanced levels: white, yellow, orange, green, blue, purple, brown and black. (
The order of the belts may vary depending on the style of karate).
After the black belt, there are nine more levels before finishing all notions of karate.
The heart of karate:  In this sport, people must learn the Japanese language to understand all technic.
The very foundation of karate Shotokan is the expression OSS.
This means: heart, courage, patience, spirit and never give up.
For welcome and to thank the Sensei (Master) this way, say OSS!
Karate is beneficial to maintain good physical and mental shape.
First, this discipline allows us to maintain good muscle tone.
This is good for succeed as the strikes in karate take strength.
Flexibility is also developed as karate requires that one performs high kicks and jumps.
In addition, better endurance is necessarily because in the fight, fighters always need a good breath.
For mental well-being, karate promotes greater self-esteem, because it is an individual sport.
The students progress at their own pace and one learns to overcome.
In fact, it is a physical activity, so it helps to release stress and feel less pressure.
In addition, Karate improves concentration because the fighter must be more attentive to his mind and his body.
Having good concentration is an advantage.
When someone is hurting during a fight, with his concentration he can no longer feel pain.
Also, the fighter has to watch the eyes of his opponent and thinki about what he can do to catch him off guard.
Japan Karate Association website
Association de karaté japonais du Québec
Kreimers-karate institute
Shokosato.com
France Shotokan
An Acephalgic migraine( also known as a 'Silent migraine') is a kind of migraine without the head pain.
Acephalgic is Latin for "without head pain").
Most kinds of migraines start before a person is 30-years-old but this kind of migraine usually starts sometime during middle-age, which is after 40-years-old, and becomes more common as a person gets older.
Unlike other migraines, males have Acephalgic migraines more often then women do.
An acephalgic migraine may cause neurologic dysfunction in some people, which is when parts of the brain does not function right, and causes different kinds of problems, such as seeing flashing lights or having blind spots, where nothing can be seen.
These kinds of neurologic dysfunction are known as an aura.
Anal stricture (also called anal stenosis) is a medical problem that is not common; it may be congenital (a baby is born with a medical problem), but usually if it does happen it is after anorectal surgery, which is surgery in the area of the rectum and anus.
This may cause stricture (when a passage in the body becomes too narrow) of the anal canal, which leads to hard or painful bowel movements.
When anal stenosis does occur it is usually after a hemorrhoidectomy, which is the surgical removal of hemorrhoids; this is the cause in 90% of cases of anal stenosis.
Mild stenosis can be treated with stool softeners or fiber (which come from plant foods) supplements (in pill or powder form).
When the narrowing of the anal canal is not too much, an operation called a sphincterotomy can be done to correct the problem.
This is an operation done on the internal anal sphincter muscle, a round muscle inside the anal canal.
In cases where the anal canal becomes very narrow, an operation called an anoplasty is done.
This is reconstructive surgery (also known as plastic surgery) of the anus.
A Mexican standoff is a three person duel.
In a two person duel the person who shoots first has the advantage.
In a Mexican duel it is different.
If person A shoots B, then person C has the advantage as they can shoot person A while they are busy.
So in a Mexican standoff nobody wants to be the first one to shoot.
As well as this, nobody can take the risk of backing down.
The term is often used to describe a confrontation between two equals, where neither side will gain a winning advantage by being the first to shoot, but neither side can risk backing down.
The Cold War between the USA and the Soviet Union is often described as being a Mexican standoff, with neither country prepared to be the first to risk using nuclear weapons.
The Mughal dynasty, or Great Moguls or simply Moguls or Muguls (a corruption of the word 'Mongol') were a dynasty of Muslim rulers who came from Central Asia and founded the Mughal Empire in medieval India.
It was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Tamerlane.
Early or Great Mughals
Babur (reigned 1526-1530) founded the dynasty;
Humayun (r: 1530-1540, then interregnum, then back in 1555-1556)
Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
Jahangir (1606-1627)
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707)
Later or Lesser Mughals
Shah Alam Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)
Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
Muhammad Shah Rangeela (1719-1748)
Ahmad Shah (1748-1754)
Alamgir II (1754-1759)
Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
Akbar (Shah) II (1806-1837)
Bahadur Shah Zaffar II (1837-1858)
David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer.
He was born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire.
He wrote under the pen name D. H. Lawrence.
He wrote Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, ‘ ‘Odour of Chrysanthemums’, ‘ ‘ The Virgin and The Gypsy’ ‘, ‘ Women in Love and Lady Chatterley's Lover.
He died of tuberculosis in Vence, France.
Falconidae is a family of birds with 60 species of diurnal birds of prey.
The family has two subfamiles, Polyborinae, which includes the caracaras and forest falcons, and Falconinae, which includes the falcons, kestrels and falconets.
Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari,  KCB CSI (1841–1879), was a British military administrator in British India.
He was the son of Count Louis Adolphus Cavagnari, from Parma, Italy,
He later obtained naturalization as a British citizen, and entered the military service of the East India Company.
In 1861 he was appointed an assistant commissioner in the Punjab region of British India, and in 1877 became deputy commissioner of Peshawar (now in Pakistan) and took part in several expeditions against the Pathan tribes.
In September 1878 he was attached to the staff of a British mission to Kabul, Afghanistan, which the Afghans refused to accept on their soil.
In May 1879, after the British-Indian forces had invaded Afghanistan, and the death of Afghan Emir Sher, Cavagnari negotiated and signed the Treaty of Gandamak with Sher Ali's son and successor, Yaqub Khan.
With this treaty, the Afghans agreed to admit a British representative to Kabul.
The post was conferred on Cavagnari.
He took up his residence in July 1879.
However, on 3 September 1879, Cavagnari and the other European members of the mission, along with their guards who were made up of soldiers of the Corps of Guides, were killed after Afghan troops mutinied against them.
The Corps of Guides was a regiment of the British Indian Army which was formed and served mostly in the North-West Frontier Province of British India.
It had a unique composition of being part infantry and part cavalry.
The idea for raising such a body of troops was Sir Henry Lawrence's.
He appointed a young officer,  Lt.
Harry Lumsden as its commandant and on 6 February 1847 Lumsden took over his famous command.
The class or tribal composition of the men recruited for 'The Guides' was mostly of Pathans of the region.
The headquarters of the Guides was at Mardan (now in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan).
After 1947 and the independence of Pakistan, the Guides regiment became part of the Pakistan Army.
Its infantry section was incorporated into the Frontier Force Regiment while its cavalry side became the Guides Cavalry.
Wah Cantonment, also known as Wah or Wah Cantt (Punjabi, Urdu: واہ) is a city in the Rawalpindi District in Punjab, Pakistan.
It is a military garrison city that sprung up around the Pakistan Ordnance Factory and a cantonment with Pakistan Army barracks and other facilities.
It has a proper market, hospital, schools, colleges and other civic facilities, and many areas for people to live.
It is near the much older Wah village, along the Grand Trunk Road  (GT Road).
Wah villiage is a small but scenic and historical place.
It is the birthplace of a famous Punjabi leader and statesman, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, Khattar.
The sable (Martes zibellina) is a species of marten in forest environments.
In some countries, a civil union is a contract between two people which gives them rights similar to those they can obtain in marriage.
In countries where it is allowed, a civil union is often available to people of the same sex; marriage is often limited to people of opposite sex.
The first country to introduce civil unions was Denmark, in 1989.
In Denmark, a civil union was limited to people of the same sex.
These people got the same rights and duties as married people.
In 2010, such couples were also allowed to adopt children.
As of 2012, Denmark allows people of the same sex to marry, and the civil union is no longer available.
Louis Michael Cullen (born 1932) is an Irish diplomat, academic, historian, author and Japanologist.
He is Professor of Modern Irish History at Trinity College in Dublin.
Cullen's family came from New Ross in County Wexford.
He earned a Master's degree at University College Galway.
he was awarded a doctorate at the London School of Economics.
Cullen joined the Irish Diplomatic Corps.
He was posted Paris where he began research into the historic trading links between Ireland and France.
In 1963, he became a lecturer in history at Trinity College.
He was appointed professor in 1972.
Anglo-Irish Trade 1600-1800, 1968
The Formation of the Irish Economy, 1969
An Economic History of Ireland Since 1660, 1972
Négoce et industrie en France et en Irlande aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles: actes du Colloque franco-irlandais d'histoire, Bordeaux, mai, 1978, 1980
The Emergence of Modern Ireland 1600-1900, 1981
The Hidden Ireland: Reassesment of a Concept, 1988
Hidden Ireland: Reassessment of a Concept, 1988
Culture et pratiques politiques en France et en Irlande XVIe-XVIIIe siècle: actes colloque de Marseille 28 septembre-2 octobre 1988, 1990
A History of Japan 1582-1941: Internal and Eexternal Worlds,  2003
Cullen, L.M. (Louis M.) at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Palin is a hillstation town located in the Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh.
It is inhabited by Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.
It has a population of around 20,000 (2011 census).
The town is located at .
It has an average elevation of 1080 metres (3540 feet).
Palin has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Summers are warm with very high rainfall.
It has very hilly and high geographical terrain.
Most of time it is covered by clouds.
The area is windy in nature.
Palin and the areas around it are mainly populated by people of the Nyishi tribe.
Nyokum, an agricultural festival of the Nyishis, is the main festival celebrated in the town.
Beside Nyokum, Christmas,Diwali and Dusherra are also celebrated with great pomp and Joy.
The town's has a Roman Catholic church called the Holy Rosary Church.
It was consecrated by the Bishop of Itanagar.
It reflects the extensive Christian influence and provides good views of Palin and the surrounding countryside.
Holy Rosay Catholic Churh is one of largest Catholic Church in the state.
It is located at the hilltop in the town.
Palin is situated at mid-northern part of Arunachal Pradesh.
The District Highway connect Palin to the other part of Arunachal and India.
Regular Bus and Tata sumo services are available from Itanagar, Ziro etc.
PALIN by India travel portal
1962 Border War between India and China(Henderson brook report)
Contact List for all Important Government Officials in Itanagar Includes Police, Telephone, Electricity and more
Veterinary medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the health of animals.
It is the study and practice of preventing, diagnosing and treating disease and injuries in animals.
Veterinary medicine covers all species of animals, including both domesticated animals and wild animals.
is a martial arts organisation established to teach and spread the art of karate.
Gichin Funakoshi was the leader who was most responsible for its beginning in 1936.
Shotokai Encyclopedia
Karate-do shotokai Europe (KDSE)
Nihon Karate-do shotokai, Japan
Ryan O'Marra (born June 9, 1987) is a Japanese-born Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre.
He played a 33 games in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played for the Edmonton Oilers and the Anaheim Ducks.
O'Marra was drafted 15th overall in the 2005 NHL Entry draft by the New York Islanders but never played a game with them although he did play 8 games with their AHL farm team, Bridgeport Sound Tigers.
O'Marra was born in Tokyo, Japan to Irish Canadian parents.
He moved to Canada when he was one year old.
The city has an estimated population of 153,392 (as of 1 June 2012) and the density of  1,270.8 people per km².
Kumagaya City website
The Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) is a nationalist separatist group dedicated to the defense of ethnic Zomi people.
It fights for the reunification of Zomi people, whose homelands are split between in Myanmar (Chin State), Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts) and North-east India (Manipur and Mizoram).
It aims to unite all Zomi people under one governing unit, known as a Zogam, meaning "land of the Zomi".
was the founder of Shotokan, which is the most widely known school or style of karate.
He is known as the "father of modern karate".
唐手術: 錬胆護身, 1925
空手道教範, 1935
空手道一路, 1956
Karate-Do Kyohan: The Master Text, 1973
The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate: The Spiritual Legacy of the Master, 1975
Karate-Do: My Way of Life, 1975
Karate Jutsu: The Original Teachings of Master Funakoshi, 2001
The Essence of Karate, 2010
Funakoshi, Gichin, 1870-1956 at Virtual International Authority File
Steve Whitmire (born September 24, 1959 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American puppeteer actor and performer.
In 1978 began his career at the age of 20.
He replaced Jim Henson's muppet characters.
He is performer for Kermit, and many other characters that Jim Henson preformed.
He has also preformed rizzo.
He is married to Mellisa Whitmire.
He has also preformed Ernie on Sesame Street.
The Muppet Show as Rizzo the Rat, Lips, Foo-Foo, Billy Boy, Caveman, Geri & the Atrics tuba player, Leo (episode 403: Shields & Yarnell), Rowlf the Dog (occasional, hands only), Security Guard, The Snorers' Chorus member, Thog (episode 502), Timmy Monster (occasional, voice in episode 423), Trevor the Gross, The White Rabbit, Winky Pinkerton (episode 308: Loretta Lynn), Zeke (1979 - ca.
1980s)
The Muppet Movie as The Muppet Movie: Kermit the Frog (assistant for "The RAINBOW Connection" number)
The Great Muppet Caper as Rizzo the Rat and Lips
The Muppets Take Manhattan as Rizzo the Rat, Gil, Dogs
The Christmas Toy as Mew
The Jim Henson Hour as Flash, Jacques Roach, Waldo C. Graphic, Yellow Extreme, Bean Bunny, Foo-Foo
The Muppets at Walt Disney World as Bean Bunny, Rizzo the Rat, Lips, Foo-Foo, Sprocket
The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson as Rizzo the Rat, Bean Bunny, & Kermit the Frog
Muppet*Vision 3D as Waldo C. Graphic, Bean Bunny, & Rizzo the Rat
The Muppet Christmas Carol as Rizzo the Rat, Bean Bunny, Kermit the Frog (as Bob Cratchit), Beaker, Belinda Cratchit, Laundress, Lips, Sprocket, Whatnots, Rats, Inkspots, Pig Businessman
Muppet Meeting Films as Flunky, Kermit the Frog, Mr. Briteweight
Billy Bunny’s Animal Songs as Kermit the Frog
Sesame Street Stays Up Late as Ernie
Sesame Street as Ernie (1993 - 2014), Kermit the Frog (1996 - 2001; 2009), Dr. Feel, Guy Smiley (Season 32)
Muppet Sing-A-Long: It’s Not Easy Being Green as Kermit the Frog
Jim Henson’s The Animal Show with Stinky & Jake as Jake the Polar Bear
Muppet Classic Theater as Rizzo the Rat and Kermit the Frog
Muppets on Wheels as Kermit the Frog
Mr. Willowby’s Christmas Tree as Kermit the Frog
Muppet Treasure Island as Kermit the Frog (as Captain Abraham Smollett), Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, Walleye Pike, Jacques Roach, Inkspots, The Dodo, Rats
Things That Fly as Kermit the Frog, Co-Pilot
Muppets Tonight as Kermit the Frog, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, Andy Pig, George the Janitor, Captain Pighead, Eugene, Lash Holstein, Miss Weatherington, Mr. Poodlepants, Meepzorp, Bug Llewelyn, Farm person, Pigeons, Nigel's Mom, Alphonso D'Bruzzo
Elmo Saves Christmas as Kermit the Frog
123 Count with ME as Ernie
Quiet Time as Ernie
Elmopalooza as Ernie and Kermit the Frog
The Best of Kermit on Sesame Street as Kermit the Frog
Muppets from Space as Rizzo the Rat, Kermit the Frog, Beaker, Bean Bunny, Cosmic Fish, Beach Hippie
The Adventures of Elmo in GROUCHland as Ernie, Bad Humor Man, Sharon Groan, Stuckweed, Football Stenchman
CinderElmo as Ernie, Kermit the Frog, Prince the Dog
Muppet RaceMania as Kermit the Frog, Link Hogthrob, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, Bean Bunny, Gil, Flange Doozer
Play With Me Sesame as Ernie (Seasons 1 & 3)
Bert & Ernie’s Word Play as Ernie, Lead Singer of The Frosty Four, Mo, Troll
Kermit’s Swamp Years as Kermit the Frog, Young Kermit, Jack Rabbit, Chico
It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie as Kermit the Frog, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, Bean Bunny, Mr. Poodlepants, Statler (1 line) & 1 of the Elvises
Talk, Read, Write as The King of Reading & Writing
Muppets Party Cruise as Kermit the Frog, Link Hogthrob, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, Bean Bunny, Andy Pig
The Muppets ' Wizard of Oz as Kermit the Frog (as the Scarecrow), Rizzo the Rat (as the Mayor of Munchkinland), Beaker, Statler (as Kalidah Critic), Bean Bunny
Statler & Waldorf: From the Balcony as Statler (episodes 1-8)
Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium as Kermit the Frog
Disney Xtreme Digital as Kermit the Frog, The Newsman, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, Statler, Bean Bunny, Singing Food, Turkey
Count on Sports as Ernie
Studio DC : Almost Live as Kermit the Frog, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker & Statler
Abby in Wonderland as Ernie
A Muppets Christmas as Letters to Santa: Kermit the Frog, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker & Statler
Bohemian Rhapsody as Kermit the Frog, The Newsman, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, & Statler
Christmas in Rockefeller Center as Kermit the Frog, Rizzo the Rat & Lips
The Muppets as Kermit the Frog, Link Hogthrob, The Newsman, Lips, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker, & Statler
Late Night with Jimmy Fallon as Kermit the Frog ("When the River Meets the Sea")
Muppets Most Wanted as Kermit the Frog, Link Hogthrob, The Newsman, Lips, Rizzo the Rat, Foo-Foo, Beaker, & Statler