the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Anna Kurska, 87, Polish politician, member of the Senate (2001–2007).
Sonia Rykiel, 86, French fashion designer.
Eddy Silitonga, 65, Indonesian singer.
G. Spencer-Brown, 93, English polymath.
Rudy Van Gelder, 91, American recording engineer.
Peter Barry, 88, Irish politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs (1982–1987), Tánaiste (1987), TD (1969–1997).
Paul Comi, 84, American actor (Cape Fear, The Towering Inferno, Rawhide).
Hatuey de Camps, 69, Dominican politician, President of the Chamber of Deputies (1979–1982), cancer.
Joe DeMaestri, 87, American baseball player (Philadelphia/Kansas City Athletics, New York Yankees).
Harald Grønningen, 81, Norwegian cross country skier, Olympic champion (1968).
Anton Pronk, 75, Dutch footballer (Ajax, national team), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Davoud Rashidi, 83, Iranian actor, stroke.
Jiří Tichý, 82, Czech football player (CH Bratislava, Sparta Prague, national team).
Erika Wallner, 70, Argentine actress (Forty Degrees in the Shade, Story of a Poor Young Man, Bridge over the Elbe), kidney failure.
Cookie, 83, Australian-born Major Mitchell's cockatoo, world's oldest parrot, euthanized.
Zenzo Matsuyama, 91, Japanese screenwriter (The Human Condition, Long Journey into Love) and movie director (Burari Bura-bura Monogatari).
José Balmes, 89, Spanish-born Chilean artist, complications from pneumonia.
Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, 80, Iraqi-born Israeli politician, member of the Knesset (1984–2014) and Defense Minister (2001–2002), kidney disease.
Mr. Fuji, 82, American professional wrestler and manager (WWF).
Juan Gabriel, 66, Mexican singer-songwriter ("Hasta Que Te Conocí", "No Tengo Dinero", "Abrázame Muy Fuerte"), heart attack.
Lennart Häggroth, 76, Swedish ice hockey player, world champion (1962) and Olympic silver medalist (1964).
Gene Wilder, 83, American actor (The Producers, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, Young Frankenstein) and writer, complications of Alzheimer's disease.
Věra Čáslavská, 74, Czech gymnast, Olympic champion (1964, 1968), pancreatic cancer.
David Lavery, 67, American academic and television historian (Buffy the Vampire Slayer).
Doris McLemore, 89, American teacher, last fluent speaker of the Wichita language.
Marc Riboud, 93, French photographer.
Joe Sutter, 95, American aeronautical engineer, chief designer of the Boeing 747.
B. Daniel Riley, 70, American politician, member of the Maryland House of Delegates (1999–2003, 2007–2011).
Myron Tribus, 94, American organizational theorist.
The Arrakkal Museum is a museum dedicated to the Arakkal family, the only Muslim royal family in Kerala, South India.
The museum is actually a section of the Arakkalkettu(Arakkal Royal Palace).
The durbar hall section of the palace has been converted into a museum by the Government of Kerala.
It was opened in July 2005 after a Rs.
9,000,000 renovation.
Although renovated by the government, the Arakkalkettu is still owned by the Arakkal Royal Trust and does not fall under the control of the country's archaeology department, the Archaeological Survey of India.
The government had taken a keen interest in preserving the heritage of the Arakkal Family, which had played a prominent role in the history of Malabar.
A nominal entry fee is charged by the Arakkal Royal Trust from visitors to the museum.
The Arakkal Museum is in Ayikkara, next to the Kannur City.
It is 2-3 kilometres from Kannur town.
Arakkal Kettu dedicated to the nation, The Hindu, 31 July 2005.
An article
Museums in Manipur
Mount Kyllini or Mount Cyllene , sometimes Ζήρια, is a mountain on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece.
It is famous for its association with the god Hermes.
Mount Kyllini rises to  above sea level.
This makes it the second highest point on the peninsula.
It is located near the border between the historic regions of Arcadia and Achaea—in the northeast of Arcadia.
It is located west of Corinth, northwest of Stymfalia, north of Tripoli, and south of Derveni.
Much of the mountain is desolate and rocky.
The area below  is largely forested.
There is an observatory at , at 22.67 east longitude and 37.97 north latitude.
Roads pass near the southern and western slopes, but there are not many on the mountain itself, as much of the mountain is part of a park.
The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group C was one of the nine UEFA groups for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification.
The group was made up of six teams: Germany, Czech Republic, Northern Ireland, Norway, Azerbaijan, and San Marino.
Germany won the group and qualified for the world cup, while Northern Ireland finished 2nd and moved on to the second round.
Michal Krmenčík
Afran Ismayilov
Antonín Barák
Mohamed Elyounoussi
Theodor Gebre Selassie
Jan Kopic
Chris Brunt
Araz Abdullayev
Ruslan Qurbanov
Ramil Sheydayev
Václav Kadlec
Jaromír Zmrhal
Kevin Volland
Stuart Dallas
Conor McLaughlin
Conor Washington
Adama Diomandé
Martin Linnes
Martin Samuelsen
Ole Selnæs
Mirko Palazzi
Mattia Stefanelli
Rashad Sadygov (against Norway)
Chris Brunt (against Norway)
Michele Cevoli (against Azerbaijan)
Davide Simoncini (against Norway)
Mattia Stefanelli (against Germany)
Qualifiers – Europe: Round 1 , FIFA.com
FIFA World Cup, UEFA.com
Standings – Qualifying round: Group C, UEFA.com
Official Website of the city of Wangen an der Aare
A railroad company or railway company is an organization that operates a railroad track or trains.
The company can either be private or public.
Some railway companies operate both the trains and the track.
In other cases, particularly in European Union (EU), ownership of track and train operation is run by separate companies.
In the United States the railroad track system is owned by the railroad companies.
In the 1800s, the federal government gave large land grants to the railroads.
Many countries have a national railway company that owns all track and operates all trains in the country.
For example, the Russian Railways (the world's largest rail company by network size).
Other countries have many different, sometimes competing, railway companies that operate each their own lines.
This is true in the United States and Canada.
In Europe, the EU requires its members to split the railway companies into a number of different companies.
Usually public owned companies own the track and other public companies (sometimes owned by regional governments) own the train cars.
Franchising is then used to determine the right to operate the line for a limited time period.
A number of private companies bid for the right to operate.
Other companies offer track and train car maintenance.
Wengi (Bernese German: Wängi, []) is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Official website of the municipality of Wiedlisbach
Anthocyanin is a chemical compound which makes the red colour in plants.
For example, red cabbage has anthocyanins which make it red.
In flowers, bright-reds and purples attract pollinators.
In fruits, the colourful skins also attract the attention of animals, which may eat the fruits and disperse the seeds.
In photosynthetic tissues (such as leaves and sometimes stems), anthocyanins have been shown to act as a "sunscreen".
They protect cells from high-light damage by absorbing blue-green and ultraviolet light.
Ionizing radiation can damage DNA.
There are some other suggestions.
The red colour of leaves may camouflage leaves from herbivores blind to red wavelengths.
The pigment may signal bad taste, since anthocyanin synthesis often comes with unpalatable phenolic compounds.
Williamson County is a county in Central Texas.
The county seat is Georgetown, Texas.
The county population in July 2015 was 508,514.
The county is named after Robert McAlpin Williamson, a veteran in the Battle of San Jacinto and a previous community leader.
Williamson County held humans for at least 11,200 years.
In recent times, a prehistoric skeleton was found in Williamson County.
The name of the skeleton is Leanderthal Lady.
The town of Leander is named after the skeleton.
Leanderthal Lady was found after the Texas Department of Transportation found remnants while drilling core/dirt samples for a new highway.
Native Americans also lived in areas of Williamson County.
The Tonkawa tribe lived in parts of the county.
Other tribes lived in the area.
These tribes included Kiowa, Yojuane, Tawakoni, and Mayeye Native Americans.
On September 1921, the remains of a hurricane moved over Williamson County.
The rains fell over Thrall, Texas.
The town received 39.7 inches of rain in 36 hours.
The storm killed 87 near Taylor, Texas, and 93 in Williamson County.
A total of 215 deaths were reported due to the rains.
On 27 May 1997, Williamson county had a tornado outbreak.
The county had several tornadoes during the day.
An EF-5 tornado (rating determined on the Fujita Scale) struck Jarrell, Texas, killing 27 persons.
An EF-3 tornado also struck Cedar Park, with one indirect death.
List of communities
The following is a list of communities in Williamson county.
Some communities are part of other counties.
Austin (partly in Travis County)
Bartlett (partly in Bell County)
Brushy Creek
Cedar Park (partly in Travis County)
Coupland
Georgetown (county seat)
Jollyville
Leander (partly in Travis County)
Norman's Crossing
Round Rock (partly in Travis County)
Schwertner
Thorndale (partly in Milam County)
Walburg
In 1993 hosted TV3's magazines programmes: Tres senyores i un senyor and Fora de joc, and after 1995: Telenotícies.
Between 1997 and 1998 she hosted the Catalonian News of TVE.
In that channel covered the information about the Princess Lady Diana of Wales's funeral and the Princess Cristina de Borbón and Iñaki Urdangarin's wedding.
In 1998 she was hired by Antena 3 to work at Noticias 1 with the host Matías Prats until 2006.
Since then, she hosts the morning program: Espejo público.
Nguyen Van Thieu or Nguyễn Văn Thiệu was the leader of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1975.
He was a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
Thieu became head of a military junta, meaning the military controlled the government.
He was then elected president.
Thieu quit being president on 21 April 1975.
He then left the country.
On 30 April 1975 the city of Saigon was taken by North Vietnam.
This marked the end of the Vietnam War.
Thieu died in 2001.
He died in Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.
He had a stroke at his home in Foxborough.
He had been put on a respirator.
He was cremated and buried in Boston.
U Nu (; ; 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995) was the first Prime Minister of Burma.
He served from 4 January 1948 to 12 June 1956, again from 28 February 1957 to 28 October 1958, and finally from 4 April 1960 to 2 March 1962.
Burma gained independence from Britain on 4 January 1948.
Nu became the first prime minister of the new country.
He quit being prime minister in 1956.
He again served as prime minister between Ba Swe and Ne Win.
Nu was one of the leaders of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) from 1942 to 1963.
The AFPFL had two groups of power.
Nu's group won the 1960 election.
He then became prime minister.
On 2 March 1962 General Ne Win took control of the government.
Nu was then kept in an army camp.
Nu continued to claim he was the legal prime minister.
In 1988 he tried to form his own government with Win Maung as president.
Nu wrote an autobiography called Ta-Tei Sanei Tha (Naughty Saturday-born).
It was published in India by Irrawaddy Publishing (U Maw Thiri) in 1975.
He wrote several other books including The People Win Through (1951), Burma under the Japanese (1954), An Asian Speaks (1955), and Burma Looks Ahead (1951).
U Nu was a popular spiritual leader of his country.
During the 1960 election he promised to make Buddhism the official state religion.
On 29 August 1961, Parliament passed a law making Buddhism the state religion.
Ne Win removed the law in 1962.
The iodine test is a test that is able to detect starch using iodine as a chemical indicator.
Example uses include brewing beer, and determining when apples are ripe and can be harvested.
If starch is present, the iodine solution will turn dark blue/purple.
If there is no starch, the iodine will stay brown.
The Mauritanian Association for Human Rights or Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH) (Arabic: للجمعية الموريتانية لحقوق الإنسان ) is a Mauritanian NGO.
The organization started in 1991.
It works for human rights and watches for human rights violations.
Fatimata M’baye is the co-founder and president.
Las Lomas is a town in Monterey County, California.
At the 2010 census, 3,034 people lived there.
There are 2 arrondissements in the Creuse department.
1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Aubusson, Bourganeuf, Boussac, Évaux, Felletin, Guéret and La Souterraine; the capital was Guéret, alternating with Aubusson but soon only Guéret remained as capital.
1800 : creation of four arrondissements: Aubusson, Bourganeuf, Boussac and Guéret.
1926 : the arrondissements of Bourganeuf and Boussac were eliminated.
Heart block is a type of heart disease.
The human heart uses electrical signals to make the heart beat.
Electricity travels down pathways in the heart to make each part of the heart beat at the right time.
When a person has a heart block, there is a “block” in one of these electrical pathways.
This blocks electricity from travelling normally through the heart.
This makes the heart beat more slowly.
In the most serious cases, the heart’s electrical pathways are blocked so badly that electricity cannot travel through the heart.
This means the heart’s electrical signals cannot control how the heart beats, or cannot make the heart beat at all.
Other people only have symptoms every once in a while.
Sometimes, their heart might skip a beat.
This can make the person feel dizzy; faint; or have palpitations (feel their heart pounding).
In the most serious cases of heart block, a person's heart cannot control their heart beats.
These cases can be treated with an artificial pacemaker.
This is a medical device that is placed into the heart.
It sends electrical signals to make the heart beat regularly.
Some people are born with heart block.
This is called a congenital heart block.
More often, people get heart block later in life.
Heart block can be caused by:
Other types of heart disease, like a heart attack
Some infections, like diphtheria
Some medicines, like beta-blockers (a type of medicine for high blood pressure)
Having open-heart surgery
Types of heart block
First-degree heart block
This is the least serious type of heart block.
It usually causes no symptoms.
Second-degree heart block
In second-degree heart block, it takes longer and longer for the heart to send electrical signals from the middle of the heart to the ventricles, which pump blood to the body.
Eventually, this leads to a skipped heart beat.
This can cause dizziness and fainting.
Third-degree heart block
This is the most serious type of heart block.
It is also called a complete heart block.
In this type of heart block, no electrical signals reach the heart's ventricles.
This means that the electrical signals cannot make the heart pump blood to the body.
Some people with third-degree heart block may have very few symptoms and may not need treatment.
However, some people with third-degree heart block have many different symptoms.
Third-degree heart block can be a medical emergency.
This type of heart block may be treated with a pacemaker.
Heart block can be diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (also called an ECG or an EKG).
This is a painless test.
During the test, pads are placed on a person's chest, arms, and legs.
They record the heart's electrical activity.
The W Broadway Local is a rapid transit service of the New York City Subway's B Division.
Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored sunflower yellow because it is used on the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan.
In addition to the Broadway Line, the W serves the BMT Astoria Line in Queens.
This uses the 60th Street Tunnel to travel under the East River between Queens and Manhattan.
It also ran in Brooklyn until 2004, serving the BMT Fourth Avenue and West End lines.
The W is in service as of April 7, 2020.
There was a six year delay due to Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or MTA, budget cuts on June 25, 2010.
The W runs on weekdays from 6:00 a.m to 11:30 p.m. This route includes the BMT Astoria Line in Queens and BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan to its southern terminal of Whitehall Street-South Ferry.
Also there are three Queens bound morning rush hour trains.
They will start from the Coney Island yard that will serve from 86th Street subway in Brooklyn via Sea Beach Line, through the Montague Street Tunnel to its terminal of Astoria-Ditmars Blvd.
There will be three trains from Queens to 86th Street, Brooklyn in the evening rush hour on weekdays.
North Gyeongsang Province () is a province in South Korea.
Gyeongsang Province divided into North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang in 1896.
Daegu was the capital from 1896 to 1981, but Daegu left the province in 1981.
The capital changed to Andong in 2016.
Gyeongsang Province was Jinhan and Byeonhan's territory in ancient times.
Later Jinhan became Gaya and Byeonhan became Silla.
Since Silla conquered Gaya, all of Gyeongsang Province became Silla's.
When Silla collapsed and Goryeo was founded, Dongnambuseosa was established in the Gyeongsang area and it ruled the province.
From Goryeo King Hyeonjong's period, the province started to be called Gyeongsang Province.
In the Joseon Dynasty, which was founded after Goryeo, Gyeongsang Province was divided into Left Gyeongsang and Right Gyeongsang.
In 1895, Gyeongsang Province was replaced by 4 districts.
Later, in 1896, the districts were abolished, and today's North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang were formed.
In 1981 Daegu Metropolitan City separated from the province.
Administrative Districts
Currently, North Gyeongsang has 10 cities (si) and 13 counties (gun).
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS, also called postural tachycardia syndrome) is a medical problem.
When a person has POTS, their heart beats faster than normal when they stand up.
POTS may also cause many other symptoms.
Postural means that POTS symptoms depend  on a person's posture (their position - for example, whether they are lying down or standing up)
Orthostatic means that a person is standing up
Tachycardia means that a person's heart is beating faster than normal
A syndrome is a group of symptoms
When a healthy person stands up, their heart beats faster for a little while.
It does this to push blood to the brain.
Then the person's heart rate goes back to normal.
When a person with POTS stands up, their heart beats much faster than normal.
POTS is diagnosed when a person's heart rate increases by at least 30 beats per minute within 10 minutes after they stand up.
This is called postural tachycardia.
People with POTS also have other symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (symptoms that get worse when a person is standing up, and get better when the person is lying down).
These symptoms may include:
Palpitations (feeling the heart pounding)
Feeling dizzy, fainting, or almost fainting
Trouble breathing, especially when exercising
Feeling very weak or tired
Blurred vision (not being able to see clearly)
Trouble concentrating or thinking
Pallor (pale skin) or sweating
Sits for a long time
Stands for a long time
Drinks alcohol or caffeine
Gets too hot
Exercises too much
Eats a large meal
POTS can be caused by many different things.
Many of these causes are not well understood.
Recently being sick with a virus
Chronic diabetes
Hypovolemia (not having enough blood in the body).
This causes less blood to get to the heart.
The body tries to fix this by making the heart beat faster, so more blood will get pushed into the heart.
Problems with the nerves in the lower legs.
This causes blood to pool in the lower legs.
The body tries to fix this by making the heart beat faster so it can push more blood to the rest of the body.
Women between the ages of 15 and 50
People who have recently been pregnant, had surgery, had a recent trauma, or had to rest in bed for a long time
People who have had autoimmune diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, anemia, hyperthyroidism, fibromyalgia, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and cancer
There are many different treatments for the symptoms of POTS.
Some of these treatments include:
Drinking a lot of water (this increases the amount of fluid in the body, which helps blood get to the heart more easily)
Eating a high-salt diet (this helps keep fluid in the body and helps people with POTS from getting dehydrated)
Getting exercise, especially exercise like recumbent bicycling (bicycling while lying back, which prevents symptoms caused by being upright)
Using compression stockings (very tight socks) to keep blood from pooling in the legs
Avoiding things that can make POTS worse, like getting dehydrated, exercising too much, eating large meals, drinking alcohol, or getting too hot
No medications have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat POTS.
However, sometimes doctors treat POTS with medications that:
Prevent the body from losing salt;
Raise blood pressure; and/or
Keep the heart from pumping too fast.
Most people with POTS are able to get better with treatment.
About 6 out of every 10 people with POTS is able to recover within 5 years of being diagnosed with POTS.
About 9 out of every 10 people with POTS have some improvement with a combination of physical treatments and medicines.
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) - from the National Health Service of the United Kingdom (in simple English)
Can POTS Be Cured?
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome - from Dysautonomia International (includes detailed information about POTS, research, and finding doctors and support across the world)
Frederick County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 78,305.
The county was formed in 1743 by the splitting of Orange County.
It is Virginia's northernmost county.
The area that would become Frederick County, Virginia was populated by various indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European colonization.
The "Indian Road" refers to a historic trail made by local tribes.
Frederick County was established in 1743 from parts of Orange County, Virginia.
At that time, "Old Frederick County" encompassed all or part of four counties in present-day Virginia — Shenandoah, Clarke, Warren, and Frederick.
It also included five in present-day West Virginia — Hardy, Hampshire, Berkeley, Jefferson and Morgan.
The Virginia Assembly named the new county for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales.
He was the oldest son of King George II of Great Britain.
As Commander-in-Chief of the new Colonial Virginia regiment in 1754, Colonel George Washington's headquarters were located in Winchester before and during the French and Indian War.
He resigned from military service in 1758.
He was appointed a general by the Continental Congress sixteen years later.
Meanwhile, Washington represented Frederick County in his first elective office, having been elected to the House of Burgesses in 1758 and 1761.
Daniel Morgan was another famous general during the American Revolutionary War, from (present day Clarke County).
Winchester changed hands between the Confederate and Union Armies on average once every three weeks during the war.
Many battles were fought in Frederick County.
Some of those battles include:
First Battle of Kernstown, March 1862
First Battle of Winchester, May 1862
Second Battle of Winchester, June 1863
Second Battle of Kernstown, July 1864
Third Battle of Winchester (Battle of Opequon), September 1864
Battle of Cedar Creek, October 1864
The first constitution of West Virginia provided for Frederick County to be added to the new state if approved by a local election.
Unlike those of neighboring Berkeley and Jefferson counties, Frederick County residents voted to remain in Virginia.
Of this,  is land and  (0.5%) is water.
This is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
As of the census of 2000, there were 59,209 people, 22,097 households, and 16,727 families residing in the county.
The population density was 143 people per square mile (55/km²).
There were 23,319 housing units at an average density of 56/square mile (22/km²).
The racial makeup of the county was 94.99% White, 2.62% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races.
1.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 22,097 households out of which 36.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them.
Another 62.50% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present.
The remaining 24.30% were non-families.
In addition, 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the county, the population was spread out with 26.40% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older.
For every 100 females there were 100.10 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $46,941.
The median income for a family was $52,281.
Males had a median income of $35,705 versus $25,046 for females.
The per capita income for the county was $21,080.
About 4.00% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line.
This was including 7.30% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over.
Orange County is a county in the central piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,481.
Its county seat is Orange.
Orange County is home to "Montpelier", the  estate of James Madison, the 4th President of the United States and "Father of the Constitution."
The county celebrated its 275th anniversary in 2009.
The area was lived in for thousands of years by different cultures of Native Americans.
At the time the Europeans came, the Ontponea, a sub-group of the Siouan-speaking Manahoac tribe, lived in this Piedmont area.
The first European settlement in what was to become Orange County was Germanna, formed when Governor Alexander Spotswood settled 12 immigrant families from Westphalia, Germany there in 1714.
This was a total of 42 people.
Orange County was created in August 1734 when the Virginia House of Burgesses adopted “An Act for Dividing Spotsylvania County.”
Unlike other counties whose boundaries had ended at the Blue Ridge Mountains, Orange was bounded on the west “by the utmost limits of Virginia” which, at that time, stretched to the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes.
The colony of Virginia claimed the land, but very little of it had yet been occupied by any English people.
Orange County may have been at one time the largest county that ever existed.
In 1738 most of the western area was split off into Augusta County.
The large county was to encourage settlement further west to counter the French claim to the Ohio River Valley region.
While no battles of the American Revolutionary War were fought in Orange County, 100 men from the county were recruited to the Culpeper Minutemen.
They fought in the Battle of Great Bridge, among other engagements.
The development of transportation, including several railroad routes, up through the mid-nineteenth century helped build a agricultural economy in Orange County.
The final adjustment of the county’s boundaries occurred in 1838, when Greene County was created from the western portion of Orange.
The Town of Orange was legally established in 1834 (officially becoming a town in 1872) and had already served as the county seat for nearly a century.
The Town of Gordonsville officially became a town in 1870.
The county saw limited conflict during the Civil War.
Most of the activity was centered around the towns of Orange and Gordonsville.
The exceptions were the Battle of Mine Run and the Battle of the Wilderness in the eastern portion of the county.
The Battle of the Wilderness was a significant turning point in the war.
Following Virginia’s readmission to the Union in 1870, and with the loss of slave labor, the agricultural economy resumed with more emphasis on livestock and dairy farming.
This was because these activities requiring less physical labor.
The dominance of the railroad and the relative ease it offered in delivering goods to larger markets increased the livestock production in the county’s agricultural economy.
Agriculture and manufacturing continued to expand into the twentieth century, with a peak of 1279 farms and 20 manufacturing companies located within the county as of 1929.
A manufacturing survey produced during the Great Depression noted that Orange County’s economy remained relatively healthy due to its accessibility.
The significance of agriculture to Orange County’s history was great enough that the Commonwealth of Virginia set aside approximately  in the western portion of the county as the Madison-Barbour Rural Historic District.
The District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 and is the largest such district in Virginia.
It includes James Madison’s Montpelier and James Barbour’s  Barboursville mansion (designed by Thomas Jefferson, now in ruins).
It includes other sites listed on the National Register.
Orange County’s population went up and down following the Civil War up through the 1930s.
From that point forward, the population continued to grow steadily, representing an almost 300% increase through the 2010 Census.
Of that,  is land and  (0.7%) is water.
The terrain is made up of rolling hills, generally increasing in altitude and slope as they continue westward toward the Blue Ridge Mountains.
The highest point is Cowherd Mountain at 1,196 ft (345 m), approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of Gordonsville.
Madison County - northwest
Culpeper County - north
Spotsylvania County - east
Louisa County - south
Albemarle County - southwest
Greene County - west
The Rapidan River defines the northern boundary of the county
Lake Orange  - a 124-acre public lake southeast of the Town of Orange
The 500-acre Main Lake in Lake of the Woods
Nationally protected areas
The Wilderness Battlefield in the eastern portion of the county lies within the Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park
Orange County Airport (OMH)
Gordonsville Airport  (GVE)
The Town of Orange Transit (TOOT) provides bus service around and between the towns of Orange and Gordonsville
As of the census of 2010, there were 33,481 people, 12,895 households (14,616 total housing units), and 9,342 families residing in the county.
The county experienced a population increase of 29%, or 7,600 people, since the 2000 census.
This ties with  Louisa County as the 11th fastest growing county in the state, and one of the fastest outside of Northern Virginia.
The racial makeup of the county was 82.4% White, 12.7% Black or African American, 0.3%  Native American, 0.7%  Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races.
3.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Out of the 12,895 households, 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families.
Out of the total number of households, 32.6% housed someone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.97.
The age distribution of the county's population was 22.9% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 10.7% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older.
The median age was 42.6 years.
For every 100 females there were 96 males.
The median income for a household in the county in 2010 was $56,837, and the median income for a family was $65,195.
The per capita income for the county was $26,820 and approximately 11.5% of the population was below the poverty line.
Orange County had the 9th longest mean travel time to work (37 minutes) out of 132 Virginia localities polled.
The median home value was $238,500.
Ne Win was a Burmese politician and military commander.
He was President of Burma from 1962 to 1981.
Before being President he was Prime Minister.
Ne Win founded the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1962.
On 2 March 1962 Ne Win took control of the government in Burma.
He became head of state as Chairman of the Union Revolutionary Council and also Prime Minister.
His new government ended the constitution.
They also removed the Burma parliament.
In 1964 he made the Burma Socialist Programme Party the only political party in Burma.
On 2 March 1974, Ne Win ended the Revolutionary Council and made the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma.
Then he chose Brigadier General Sein Win as Prime Minister.
Hua Guofeng (16 February 1921 – 20 August 2008) was a Chinese communist politician who serve as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 7 October 1976 to 28 June 1981.
He was chosen to lead by Mao Zedong.
Hua was born 16 February 1921 in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi, China.
He was named Su Zhu.
He died 20 August 2008 in Beijing, China.
On 6 October 1976, Hua ended the Cultural Revolution.
He also had the Gang of Four arrested.
In 1979 he visited leaders in Europe.
He was the first Chinese leader to visit since 1949.
Sulz is a former municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
The arrondissement of Aubusson is an arrondissement of France, in the Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Its capital is the city of Aubusson.
When the Creuse department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Aubusson was part of that original department.
The arrondissement of Aubusson is the smallest arrondissement of the department both in area, , and population (37,123 inhabitants).
The arrondissement of Aubusson is the most southern arrondissement of the Creuse department.
It is bordered to the northeast by the Allier department, to the east by the Puy-de-Dôme department, to the south by the Corrèze department, to the west by the  Haute-Vienne department and to the north by the arrondissement of Guéret.
In the arrondissement of Aubusson, only three cantons do not have all their "communes" in the arrondissement:  (Ahun, Bourganeuf, Gouzon).
The arrondissement of Aubusson has 118 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Alleyrat (23003)
Arfeuille-Châtain (23005)
Ars (23007)
Aubusson (23008)
Auge (23009)
Auzances (23013)
Banize (23016)
Basville (23017)
Beissat (23019)
Bellegarde-en-Marche (23020)
Blessac (23024)
Bosroger (23028)
Brousse (23034)
Budelière (23035)
Bussière-Nouvelle (23037)
Chamberaud (23043)
Chambon-sur-Voueize (23045)
Chambonchard (23046)
Champagnat (23048)
Chard (23053)
Charron (23054)
Chavanat (23060)
Châtelard (23055)
Chénérailles (23061)
Clairavaux (23063)
Crocq (23069)
Croze (23071)
Dontreix (23073)
Évaux-les-Bains (23076)
Faux-la-Montagne (23077)
Felletin (23079)
Flayat (23081)
Fontanières (23083)
Fransèches (23086)
Féniers (23080)
Gentioux-Pigerolles (23090)
Gioux (23091)
Issoudun-Létrieix (23097)
La Chaussade (23059)
La Courtine (23067)
La Mazière-aux-Bons-Hommes (23129)
La Nouaille (23144)
La Serre-Bussière-Vieille (23172)
La Villedieu (23264)
La Villeneuve (23265)
La Villetelle (23266)
Lavaveix-les-Mines (23105)
Le Chauchet (23058)
Le Compas (23066)
Le Donzeil (23074)
Le Mas-d'Artige (23125)
Le Monteil-au-Vicomte (23134)
Les Mars (23123)
Lioux-les-Monges (23110)
Lupersat (23113)
Lussat (23114)
Lépaud (23106)
Magnat-l'Étrange (23115)
Mainsat (23116)
Malleret (23119)
Mautes (23127)
Moutier-Rozeille (23140)
Mérinchal (23131)
Nouhant (23145)
Néoux (23142)
Peyrat-la-Nonière (23151)
Pontcharraud (23156)
Poussanges (23158)
Puy-Malsignat (23159)
Reterre (23160)
Rougnat (23164)
Royère-de-Vassivière (23165)
Saint-Agnant-près-Crocq (23178)
Saint-Alpinien (23179)
Saint-Amand (23180)
Saint-Avit-de-Tardes (23182)
Saint-Avit-le-Pauvre (23183)
Saint-Bard (23184)
Saint-Chabrais (23185)
Saint-Dizier-la-Tour (23187)
Saint-Domet (23190)
Saint-Frion (23196)
Saint-Georges-Nigremont (23198)
Saint-Julien-la-Genête (23203)
Saint-Julien-le-Châtel (23204)
Saint-Junien-la-Bregère (23205)
Saint-Loup (23209)
Saint-Maixant (23210)
Saint-Marc-à-Frongier (23211)
Saint-Marc-à-Loubaud (23212)
Saint-Martial-le-Mont (23214)
Saint-Martial-le-Vieux (23215)
Saint-Martin-Château (23216)
Saint-Maurice-près-Crocq (23218)
Saint-Merd-la-Breuille (23221)
Saint-Michel-de-Veisse (23222)
Saint-Moreil (23223)
Saint-Médard-la-Rochette (23220)
Saint-Oradoux-de-Chirouze (23224)
Saint-Oradoux-près-Crocq (23225)
Saint-Pardoux-Morterolles (23227)
Saint-Pardoux-d'Arnet (23226)
Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf (23228)
Saint-Pardoux-les-Cards (23229)
Saint-Pierre-Bellevue (23232)
Saint-Priest (23234)
Saint-Quentin-la-Chabanne (23238)
Saint-Silvain-Bellegarde (23241)
Saint-Sulpice-les-Champs (23246)
Saint-Yrieix-la-Montagne (23249)
Sainte-Feyre-la-Montagne (23194)
Sannat (23167)
Sermur (23171)
Sous-Parsat (23175)
Tardes (23251)
Vallière (23257)
Verneiges (23259)
Viersat (23261)
Aubusson
Buchrain is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Dierikon is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Barra do Bugres is a city in Brazil, with about 30,000 people.
It is located in the state of Mato Grosso Do Sul.
It is located at the confluence of the Paraguay River and the Bugres River.
Local economy is focused on agriculture.
The city is about  from the state capital, Cuiabá.
The arrondissement of Guéret is an arrondissement of France, in the Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Its capital is the city of Guéret.
When the Creuse department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Guéret was part of that original department.
The arrondissement of Guéret is the largest arrondissement of the department both in area, , and population (83,458 inhabitants).
The arrondissement of Guéret is the most northern arrondissement of the Creuse department.
It is bordered to the northeast by the Cher department, to the east by the Allier department, to the south by the arrondissement of Aubusson, to the west by the Haute-Vienne department and to the north by the Indre department.
In the arrondissement of Guéret, only three cantons do not have all their "communes" in the arrondissement: Ahun, Bourganeuf and Gouzon.
The arrondissement of Guéret has 140 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Ahun (23001)
Ajain (23002)
Anzême (23004)
Arrènes (23006)
Augères (23010)
Aulon (23011)
Auriat (23012)
Azat-Châtenet (23014)
Azerables (23015)
Bazelat (23018)
Bénévent-l'Abbaye (23021)
Bétête (23022)
Blaudeix (23023)
Bonnat (23025)
Bord-Saint-Georges (23026)
Bosmoreau-les-Mines (23027)
Bourganeuf (23030)
Le Bourg-d'Hem (23029)
Boussac (23031)
Boussac-Bourg (23032)
La Brionne (23033)
Bussière-Dunoise (23036)
Bussière-Saint-Georges (23038)
La Celle-Dunoise (23039)
La Celle-sous-Gouzon (23040)
La Cellette (23041)
Ceyroux (23042)
Chambon-Sainte-Croix (23044)
Chamborand (23047)
Champsanglard (23049)
La Chapelle-Baloue (23050)
La Chapelle-Saint-Martial (23051)
La Chapelle-Taillefert (23052)
Châtelus-le-Marcheix (23056)
Châtelus-Malvaleix (23057)
Chéniers (23062)
Clugnat (23064)
Colondannes (23065)
Cressat (23068)
Crozant (23070)
Domeyrot (23072)
Dun-le-Palestel (23075)
Faux-Mazuras (23078)
Fleurat (23082)
La Forêt-du-Temple (23084)
Fresselines (23087)
Fursac (23192)
Gartempe (23088)
Genouillac (23089)
Glénic (23092)
Gouzon (23093)
Le Grand-Bourg (23095)
Guéret (23096)
Jalesches (23098)
Janaillat (23099)
Jarnages (23100)
Jouillat (23101)
Ladapeyre (23102)
Lafat (23103)
Lavaufranche (23104)
Lépinas (23107)
Leyrat (23108)
Linard (23109)
Lizières (23111)
Lourdoueix-Saint-Pierre (23112)
Maison-Feyne (23117)
Maisonnisses (23118)
Malleret-Boussac (23120)
Malval (23121)
Mansat-la-Courrière (23122)
Marsac (23124)
Masbaraud-Mérignat (23126)
Mazeirat (23128)
Méasnes (23130)
Montaigut-le-Blanc (23132)
Montboucher (23133)
Mortroux (23136)
Mourioux-Vieilleville (23137)
Moutier-d'Ahun (23138)
Moutier-Malcard (23139)
Naillat (23141)
Noth (23143)
Nouzerines (23146)
Nouzerolles (23147)
Nouziers (23148)
Parsac-Rimondeix (23149)
Peyrabout (23150)
Pierrefitte (23152)
Pionnat (23154)
Pontarion (23155)
La Pouge (23157)
Roches (23162)
Sagnat (23166)
Saint-Agnant-de-Versillat (23177)
Saint-Amand-Jartoudeix (23181)
Saint-Christophe (23186)
Saint-Dizier-les-Domaines (23188)
Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne (23189)
Sainte-Feyre (23193)
Saint-Éloi (23191)
Saint-Fiel (23195)
Saint-Georges-la-Pouge (23197)
Saint-Germain-Beaupré (23199)
Saint-Goussaud (23200)
Saint-Hilaire-la-Plaine (23201)
Saint-Hilaire-le-Château (23202)
Saint-Laurent (23206)
Saint-Léger-Bridereix (23207)
Saint-Léger-le-Guérétois (23208)
Saint-Marien (23213)
Saint-Martin-Sainte-Catherine (23217)
Saint-Maurice-la-Souterraine (23219)
Saint-Pierre-Chérignat (23230)
Saint-Pierre-le-Bost (23233)
Saint-Priest-la-Feuille (23235)
Saint-Priest-la-Plaine (23236)
Saint-Priest-Palus (23237)
Saint-Sébastien (23239)
Saint-Silvain-Bas-le-Roc (23240)
Saint-Silvain-Montaigut (23242)
Saint-Silvain-sous-Toulx (23243)
Saint-Sulpice-le-Dunois (23244)
Saint-Sulpice-le-Guérétois (23245)
Saint-Vaury (23247)
Saint-Victor-en-Marche (23248)
Saint-Yrieix-les-Bois (23250)
Sardent (23168)
La Saunière (23169)
Savennes (23170)
Soubrebost (23173)
Soumans (23174)
La Souterraine (23176)
Tercillat (23252)
Thauron (23253)
Toulx-Sainte-Croix (23254)
Trois-Fonds (23255)
Vareilles (23258)
Vidaillat (23260)
Vigeville (23262)
Villard (23263)
Gueret
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a system that is used to rate the difficulty of walks, hikes, and climbs.
The system has three parts.
It is used mostly by mountaineers in the United States and Canada.
YDS Classes
If a trail is rated Class 1, a person can walk on the trail with very little chance of getting hurt.
Wearing hiking boots is a good idea.
If a trail is rated Class 2, a person can 'scramble' up the trail.
They may need to use their hands every now and then.
There is little chance of getting hurt.
Wearing hiking boots is important.
If a trail is rated Class 3, a person can still 'scramble' up the trail, but they need to be able to hold on with their hands.
If a person is just learning to climb, they should use a rope to make sure they are safe if they fall.
Falls from Class 3 trails could kill a person.
If a trail is rated Class 4, a person will have to do some simple climbing to get up the trail.
There is a lot of natural protection on the trail (like parts of a rock wall that are easy to step on or grab onto.)
Often, people use ropes for safety on Class 4 climbs, because falls from Class 4 climbs could easily kill a person.
The Class 5 part of the system is used mostly in rock climbing.
A person needs to use a rope for safety when they climb a Class 5 climb.
The person may use a belayer or other protection hardware for safety.
If a person falls from a Class 5 climb without being attached to a safety rope, they can be very badly hurt or killed.
In Class 6 climbs, people use equipment to help them climb.
This is called "aid climbing."
In aid climbing, people do not climb directly on the rock.
Instead, they climb using equipment placed into or onto the rock.
Class 6 is no longer widely used.
Today aid climbing uses a separate scale from A0 through A5.
Class 5 divisions
Starting in the 1950s, Class 5 climbs were broken down into a decimal system.
As of 2016, this system rates climbs from 5.0 to 5.15c.
5.0 is the easiest type of Class 5 climb.
A 5.15c is the most difficult climb any human could do without using special equipment to help them climb.
, only two climbs in the world were rated 5.15c.
The first climb is called Change.
Adam Ondra first climbed this route in October 2012.
The second 5.15c is La Dura Dura.
It was first climbed by Adam Ondra in February 2013, and was repeated by Chris Sharma in March 2013.
History of the Class system
The Sierra Club originally created the Class system in the 1930s.
At that time, the system was called "the Sierra Club grading system."
The Sierra Club's goal was to classify hikes and climbs in the Sierra Nevada, based on how difficult those hikes and climbs were.
At first, the Sierra Club grading system compared certain hikes and climbs to others.
For example, they might rate Climb #3 as harder than Climb #1, but easier than Climb #2.
If a person had never done Climbs #1 or #2, this did not help them.
To make the system easier to use, the Sierra Club changed its system.
It started to rate hikes and climbs by numbers.
This was easier for people to learn and use.
Once it started classifying climbs by numbers, the Sierra Club started dividing the classes into decimals.
For example, the difficulty of a Class 4.5 route would be halfway between a Class 4 and a Class 5.
In the 1950s, members of the Rock Climbing Section of the Sierra Club's Angeles Chapter divided Class 5 into Classes 5.0 to 5.9.
At that time, people thought a 5.9 was the hardest climb a person could do.
In the 1960s, as people got better at rock climbing, and as rock climbing equipment got better, Class 5.9 climbs became easier for some people to do.
Classes of 5.11, 5.12, and 5.13 were added to classify harder climbs.
Later, people realized that a 5.11 climb is much harder than a 5.10.
Because of this, many climbs were classified as 5.10s, and some were much harder than others.
To fix this problem, the system divided 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, and 5.13 climbs even further.
They did this by adding the letters "a," "b," "c," and "d" to each grade.
Within each Grade, "a" is the easiest and "d" is the hardest.
For example, a 5.10a is the easiest possible 5.10 climb.
A 5.10d is the hardest possible 5.10 climb.
Climbs are classified based on the hardest single move on the rock climbing route.
For example, if just one move on a rock climbing route is difficult enough to qualify as a 5.10d, the entire route is classified as a 5.10d.
YDS grade
The YDS grade system is optional (it does not have to be used).
It gives climbers information about how long a climb usually takes.
Grade I: One to two hours of climbing.
Grade II: Less than half a day.
Grade III: A half-day climb.
Grade IV: A full-day climb.
Grade V: A two-day climb.
Grade VI: A multi-day climb.
Grade VII: A climb lasting a week or longer.
The Grade is mostly used in mountaineering and big wall climbing.
It is not often used when talking about short rock climbs.
YDS protection rating
The YDS system also includes an optional protection rating.
This rating tells the climber how much protection is available on the climbing route for an experienced, skilled lead climber.
(In lead climbing, there is no belayer on the ground.
Instead, the lead climber goes first and hooks the safety rope into special equipment every few feet on the way up.)
G: Good, solid protection.
PG: Pretty good protection.
There are a few sections on the climb where there is very little protection, or no protection at all.
PG13: Protection is okay.
Falls may be long, but will probably not cause serious injury.
R: "Runout."
Some protection placements may be very far apart.
Falls may cause broken bones, even if a climber is using safety gear.
X: There is no protection on the route.
These routes are extremely dangerous.
Falls may kill a climber, even if the climber is using safety gear.
The G and PG ratings are often left out, since they are typical of normal, everyday climbing.
R and X ratings are normally used to warn lead climbers who do not realize how dangerous a climb is.
There is some controversy (argument) over the exact definition of the YDS Classes.
Some rock climbing experts have suggested updated versions of these classifications.
The YDS classes are subjective.
This means they are based on individual opinions, not facts.
Traditionally, the first person to do a climb gives the climb its classification number.
Other climbers might not agree with that person's classification of the climb.
There is no official group of people who agree on which climbs get which classifications.
Climbs may be classified differently in indoor rock climbing gyms, and in different types of outdoor rock climbing.
Climbs are also classified differently in different parts of the United States.
The Grade and Protection categories do not apply to every climb.
Use of protection ratings vary greatly from area to area, and from guidebook to guidebook.
Function in biology is what a part of the body or cell does in relation to the whole.
It is the reason some part or process occurred in a system which evolved by natural selection.