the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
This means that while everyone has the same basic traits, not all individuals have the same levels of each trait.
An Ideographic (individual) view of traits suggests that traits are unique to people.
This view explains that comparisons are not possible among individuals because not all traits are shared.
It says that traits may be different in importance for different groups of people.
Motives are another important thing to consider when studying the personality.
Motives are forces that are influenced by something that someone needs.
When a need is not met, an individual will have a motive to fulfill that need.
For example, every human being has a need for water.
The motive would be thirst.
The need for water influenced the motive to no longer be thirsty.
A press is an external event that acts as a trigger for motives.
Using the same example as before, a thirsty person may want to drink water by seeing a cold cup of water, which serves as a press.
An incentive (something that gives motivation to do something) value is another important concept when looking at theories on motives.
An incentive value is the degree to which a given behavior can satisfy a need.
This accounts for the differences in individuals.
What may be more satisfying to one person may not be the same thing to another person.
Each individual has a different incentive value.
Evolutionary theories
Another theory about personality is the inheritance or evolutionary theories.
These theories suggest that personality is genetically-based.
Evolutionists believe that the personality has adapted over time to ensure survival and reproduction.
Personality types
Through experimentation and research, psychologists have been able to identify five major personality traits.
These are known as the 'Big Five':
Neuroticism refers to how much negative emotion a person experiences.
Someone high in neuroticism has low emotional control and many changes in emotions.
This may cause them to exhibit signs of nervousness, anxiety, and excitability.
A neurotic person may also display hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability to stress
Extroversion is also known as sociability.
This means their social adaptability, assertiveness, and energy level.
A person high in extroversion would be extremely warm, positive, and prone to excitement-seeking.
A person low in extroversion would be quiet, and reserved.
They are known as introverts.
Openness is also known as the intellect factor.
Openness is associated with culture and being open to ideas and experiences.
A person high in openness would be labeled creative, knowledgeable, and imaginative.
A person low in openness would be traditional and close-minded.
Agreeableness is associated with conformity, friendliness, and likeability.
A person high in agreeableness would be considered friendly, kind, considerate, and good-natured.
A person low in agreeableness would be argumentative, and cynical.
Conscientiousness is also known as responsibility and having a strong will to achieve.
A person high in conscientiousness would be considered cautious, planful, serious, and hardworking.
A person low in conscientiousness would be lazy, disorganized, and irresponsible.
Personality systems
Sometimes personalities are categorized by having different types of them.
These types are determined by traits, behaviors, motivations, or ways of thinking.
Such personality systems include Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and The Enneagram of Personality.
They are often considered pseudoscience because of low reliability.
While studying the healthy components of the personality, psychologists began to expand knowledge on the strange aspects of the personality.
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), ten personality disorders were organized into three clusters: Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C.  Cluster A consists of the odd and eccentric disorders.
These are paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal.
Cluster B are the dramatic, emotional, and erratic personality disorders.
These are antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic.
Cluster C is characterized by personality disorders dealing with anxiety or fear.
This cluster are avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.
There are many ways to understand why and how personality disorders are created.
One idea says that personality disorders are just extreme traits that are caused by being different.
It views personality disorders as changing and ruining a person's life, as well as the lives of others.
The biological idea explains that personality is genetically-determined, so, that our behavior is the product of a complex biological organism.
It states that genetics and biology influence all the processes within a personality.
Specific modern studies
An article from 2011 describes the explanation of personality psychology that is mixed with the Big 5 model.
The article begins discussing how personality psychology has many factors mixed within.
It discusses cognition within the brain and also discusses personality traits and links between the two topics.
Personality psychology is further explained through conceptual and logical aspects.
Then the article continues to explain the logical requirements for coherency within the personality.
In 2006, self-regulatory behavior was analyze and compared with personality science and health behavior.
It is understood from this, that an individuals personality is a link to an individuals self regulated behavior as long as an individuals health behavior.
All of these are related to one another and contribute to personality.
A persons  health, and their behavior are a result of their personality science.
A survey was conducted in 2007 in order to better comprehend the reasons why students choose their major, and specifically looked within the major of psychology.
The students were curious as to what it was that was influencing students to make the decision to have psychology as their major.
The survey created was based of the Big Five Personality Inventory.
The results found from the surveys that people who choose psychology as their major were not picking this field for a large salary or anything to have to do with the money.
The results continued to express that psychology majors were dedicated to the major because of their personal past experiences.
This leads to show how the Big Five contributes to major choices of individuals.
Adaptive personality was compared with the model of emotional intelligence by Meyer and Salovey.
A few of the relationships expected did arise within the correlations resulting.
The article emphasized the significance of emotional knowledge within emotional intelligence.
This provides further information when it comes to counseling, and just how much emotional knowledge can be a bigger impact than previously expected within personality psychology.
Most traditional models of personality traits emphasize biology of the person to be very relevant to their personality traits, and even emphasize that this aspect of the person is unchangeable.
But, within this article from 2008, the idea of sociogenomic biology is brought up for thought.
This is introduced within the article and contradicts everything about biology and that biology is in fact changeable in certain circumstances.
The article stresses that DNA can be changed through the environment in which one lives.
This new thinking of biology is claimed to be the new modern way of looking at personality traits.
In 1977 there was a study done about sleep positions relating to personality traits.
There were main points within the study that strongly urged that sleep positions reflected a person's personality.
In contrast, a personality study conducted in the year 2012, suggested that the position a person sleeps in is related to specific traits of their personality.
Their study consisted of 332 participants that were psychology majors.
The results found did not match what was previously concluded.
There were no strong points leading to prove that there was such a relation, and in fact, the results were found to be quite weak between the association.
Ming-Na Wen (born November 20, 1963) is a Chinese actress.
She is known for doing the voice of Fa Mulan in the Disney film 1998 Mulan and Mulan II.
She played Jing-Mei Chen in ER.
Wen plays Agent Melinda May in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
Wen was born in Hong Kong.
Her name means "enlightenment".
When she was a child she moved to the United States.
In 1995 she married Eric Michael Zee.
She lives with him in California.
Aomori Bay Bridge, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
Chesapeake Bay Bridge, Maryland, United States
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, Virginia, United States
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, Shandong, China
Newark Bay Bridge, Newark, New Jersey, United States
San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, California, United States
Yokohama Bay Bridge, Yokohama, Japan
August Anthony Alsina Jr. (born September 3, 1992) is an American hip-hop singer.
He was born in New Orleans.
He released his first mixtape in 2011.
In August 2013 he was signed to Def Jam Recordings.
His first EP Downtown: Life Under the Gun was released by Def Jam that month.
It reached number 68 in the Billboard 200.
His first album is going to be released in 2014.
Representational state transfer (REST) is a software architectural that was made to guide the development of the World Wide Web.
Systems which implement REST are called 'RESTful' systems.
REST documents a way for computer systems to communicate with each other using HTTP requests.
GET fetches a resource.
POST creates a resource.
PUT updates a resource.
DELETE deletes a resource.
Mozilla Developer Network HTTP
Wikimedia REST API
Julie Christmas (born December 25, 1975) is an American musician.
She was the lead singer of the rock band Made Out of Babies and the metal band Battle of Mice.
Christmas released three albums with Made Out of Babies.
They broke up in 2012.
Christmas sung on "Generation of Ghosts" on Mouth of the Architect's 2008 album Quietly.
In 2010, Christmas released her first solo album The Bad Wife on CD and vinyl.
Bernard Morton "Bernie" Kopell (born June 21, 1933 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor.
He is best known for his roles as Siegfried in Get Smart and as Dr. Adam Bricker ("Doc") in The Love Boat from 1977 to 1986.
Margery E. Mason (27 September 1913 – 26 January 2014) was a British actress and director.
She is known for her roles in The Princess Bride and in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
Ahmed Fouad Negm (22 May 1929 – 3 December 2013) was an Egyptian vernacular poet.
Negm is well known for his work with Egyptian composer Sheikh Imam, as well as his patriotic and revolutionary Egyptian Arabic poetry.
Negm has been called "a bit of a folk hero in Egypt" or "el-Fagommi".
In 2007, Negm was chosen by the United Nations Poverty Action as Ambassador of the poor.
Negm won the 2013 Prince Claus Award for ‘Unwavering Integrity’.
Rawafed: documentary interview Ahmed Fouad Negm "part one" Alarabiya.net
Rawafed: documentary interview Ahmed Fouad Negm "part two" Alarabiya.net
Egyptian poets
Paul Aussaresses (7 November 1918 – 4 December 2013) was a French Army general.
He fought during World War II, the First Indochina War and Algerian War.
His actions during the Algerian War, and later defense of those actions, caused considerable controversy.
He was perhaps best known for wearing an eye patch since he lost an eye during battle.
Aussaresses was badly criticized in 2000, when in an interview with the French newspaper Le Monde, he defended the use of torture during the Algerian war.
He repeated the defense in an interview with CBS's 60 Minutes, further arguing that torture ought to be used in the fight against Al-Qaeda.
Torture to Prevent Terrorism?
Interview with a French Master Torturer
Sir William Ramsay KCB  FRS (William Ramsay, Jr.; 2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist.
Ramsay discovered the noble gases.
He also helped discover several elements that are on our periodic table today.
He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with Lord Rayleigh).
Ramsay was born in Glasgow on 2 October 1852.
He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay.
His father, William, Sr.,
was a civil engineer.
His mother was Catherine Robertson.
He studied at Glasgow Academy, at the University of Glasgow and at University of Tübingen in Germany.
Ramsay went back to Glasgow as an assistant at the Anderson College.
He found a job as Professor of chemistry at the University College of Bristol in 1879.
On the evening of 19 April 1894 Ramsay was at a lecture given by Lord Rayleigh.
Rayleigh had noticed a difference between the density of nitrogen made by chemical synthesis and nitrogen isolated from the air by removal of the other known components.
He named the gas responsible for this difference "argon".
He was working with Morris Travers, when he discovered neon, krypton, and xenon.
He also isolated helium.
In 1910, he also created and characterized radon.
In 1904, Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Ramsay was married to Margaret Buchanan in 1881.
They had one daughter, Catherine, and one son, William George.
William George died when he was 40.
He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire on 23 July 1916 from nasal cancer (nose cancer).
He died at the age of 63.
He was buried in Hazlemere Parish church.
Nobel Lecture  The Rare Gases of the Atmosphere from Nobelprize.org website
Biography  Biography from Nobelprize.org website
Sir William Ramsay School
Ramsay biography
Chemical achievers
Eponymous school
NNDB Biography
Web genealogy article on Ramsay
Chemical genealogy
victorianweb biography
chemeducator biography
7/23/1904;This Photograph of Sir William Ramsay Was Taken in His Laboratory Specially for the Scientific American
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Jr. (30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch chemist.
He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1901.
van 't Hoff studied the active principles of chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure, and stereochemistry.
Julius Lothar von Meyer (August 19, 1830 – April 11, 1895) was a German chemist.
He worked with Dmitri Mendeleev and helped him draw up the first periodic table of chemical elements.
He also worked with Robert Bunsen.
Periodic table according to Lothar Meyer (1870)
Video of a talk by Michael Gordin titled "Periodicity, Priority, Pedagogy: Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer"
The Internet Database of Periodic Tables.
Chemogenesis web book.
People from Lower Saxony
The Battle of Aachen was a major battle of Second World War.
It was fought by American and German forces in and around Aachen, Germany, between 2–21 October 1944.
The city was part of the Siegfried Line, the main defence line on Germany's western border.
The Allies had hoped to capture it quickly and move into the Ruhr area.
Most of Aachen's civilian population was moved out before the battle began.
Much of the city was destroyed and both sides had heavy losses.
It was one of the largest urban battles fought by U.S. forces in World War II.
It was the first city in Germany to be captured by the Allies.
The battle ended with a German surrender, but their defense slowed down Allied plans to advance into Germany.
By September 1944 the Western Allies had reached Germany's western border.
It was protected by the Siegfried Line.
On 17 September, British, American, and Polish forces launched Operation Market Garden.
This was an attempt to get around the Siegfried Line by crossing the Lower Rhine River in the Netherlands.
The failure of this plan, and a supply problem caused by the long distances, stopped the Allied movement toward Berlin.
German dead and wounded in France had been high.
Field Marshal Walter Model said his 74 divisions had the strength of just 25.
The Western Allies' supply problems gave the Germans time to rebuild their strength.
In September, new troops were sent to the Siegfried Line.
The total was 230,000 soldiers, including 100,000 new soldiers.
At the start of the month the Germans had had about 100 tanks in the West; by the end they had 500.
As men and equipment were moved into the Siegfried Line they were able to establish a depth of .
The Allied force, under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, wanted to capture the Ruhr.
It was Germany's main industrial area.
General George S. Patton's Third Army was ordered to occupy the French region of Lorraine.
General Courtney Hodges's First Army was ordered to attack near Aachen.
Hodges had at first hoped to go around the city.
He thought it was only defended by a small group of troops which would surrender once they were cut off.
The beautiful, old city Aachen was not an important military target, as it did not do much war production.
Its population of around 165,000 had not been bombed by the Allies.
It was an important symbol to the Nazi regime and the German people.
It was the first German city threatened by an enemy during the Second World War.
It was also the historic capital of Charlemagne, founder of the "First Reich".
The city was very important to the Germans.
Aachen was protected by the Siegfried Line, a system of pillboxes, forts, and bunkers protected by anti-tank obstacles and barbed wire.
In several areas, German defenses were over  deep.
It was the strongest defence ever built.
Learning from their experiences on the Eastern Front, the Germans put their defences in the center of towns.
They used narrow streets to make it hard for enemy armored vehicles to move around
American forces.
Getting through Aachen was seen as important, because the land beyond Aachen was flat, and easy for the motorized Allied armies to travel on.
Fighting around Aachen began in the second week of September.
The city was defended by the 116th Panzer Division, under the command of General Gerhard von Schwerin.
The closeness of Allied forces had caused the majority of the city's government officials to leave before the citizens were moved out. (
For this, Hitler had all Nazi officials who had fled sent to the Eastern front as privates.)
von Schwerin wanted to surrender the city to Allied forces.
However, on 13 September, before he could surrender, he was ordered to launch a counterattack against American forces southwest of Aachen.
He attacked with his panzergrenadier forces.
The German general's attempt to surrender the city made Adolf Hitler, ordered the general's arrest.
He was replaced by General Gerhard Wilck.
The United States' VII Corps continued to try to get past German defenses, despite the fighting on 12–13 September.
Between 14–16 September the US 1st Infantry Division advanced against strong defenses and attacks.
Eventually, they had a circle around half the city.
Comparison of forces
German defenders in Aachen
In October, Aachen's defense was assigned to General Friedrich Köchling's LXXXI Corps.
These forces, along with the attached 506th Tank Battalion and 108th Tank Brigade, had 20,000 men and 11 tanks.
Köchling was also promised a new 116th Panzer Division and the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division, with 24,000 troops.
The 183rd Volksgrenadier Division and 49th Infantry Division defended the northern approaches.
The 12th Infantry Division was positioned to the south.
While German infantry divisions had a strength of 15,000–17,000 soldiers at the start of World War II, this had been reduced to a size of 12,500.
By November 1944, the average strength of a division was 8,761 men.
To cope with the troop shortages, the Volksgrenadier divisions were created in 1944.
Their average total strength was just over 10,000 men per division.
Although about a quarter of these were experienced veterans, two-quarters were new soldiers and sick people while the rest were from the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine.
These divisions often received the newest small-arms, but they lacked artillery and motorization.
The 183rd Volksgrenadier Division had not had time to train as a unit.
The 246th Volksgrenadier Division was in a similar situation.
Many of its troops had fewer than ten days of infantry training.
All of these weaknesses of the troops were made up for by the strong fortifications surrounding Aachen.
American forces
General Leland Hobbs' 30th Infantry Division would be assisted by the 2nd Armored Division, which would try to go the 30th Division's hole in the Siegfried Line.
Their sides were protected by the 29th Infantry Division.
In the south, 1st Infantry Division was supported by the 9th Infantry Division and the 3rd Armored Division.
These divisions took in a large number of new men.
By 1 October over 70% of the men of General Clarence Huebner's 1st Infantry Division were new troops.
The last two weeks of September were spent giving these men training in fighting and weapons training.
The plan called for both infantry divisions to avoid street fighting in Aachen.
The plan was for the two divisions to encircle the city.
Then a small force would capture it while most of the US forces moved east.
Although American units were usually able to get new troops quickly, the replacements rarely had enough training.
Many junior officers were lacked tactical and leadership abilities.
Some tank drivers had never even driven a car before.
Some tank commanders had to teach their men how to load and fire their tank guns in the field before missions.
The US system meant that new troops reaching the front lines were not properly trained for combat.
Sometimes half of a unit's replacements would become dead or wounded within the first few days of combat.
These losses required more troops to be brought into the fighting.
A battalion of the US 28th Infantry Division was sent against Aachen to help the US 1st Infantry Division during 18–21 October.
These forces were supported by the Ninth Air Force, which knew where 75% of the pillboxes were.
They planned an opening bombing using 360 bombers and 72 fighters.
New aircraft would be used for a second attack, which included napalm.
For six days before the American attack allied artillery bombed German defenses around Aachen.
Although bombing German LXXXI Corps to stop all movements of troops and supplies, it did not harm the pillboxes and strongpoints.
The opening air bombing on 2 October also did little damage to German defences.
The 450 aircraft did not hit any German pillbox.
Their targets had been hidden by thick smoke from the Allied artillery.
After the aircraft finished their bombing, the artillery fired 18,696 shells.
Advance from the north: 2–8 October
The 30th Infantry Division moved forward on 2 October.
They used artillery to destroy German pillboxes.
It took thirty minutes to capture a pillbox.
Heavy fighting had not been expected, and one group lost 87 troops in an hour; another lost 93 out of 120 soldiers to a German artillery strike.
The attackers were slowly able to cross the Wurm River.
They attacked German pillboxes with flamethrowers and explosives.
By the afternoon of 2 October, the 30th Infantry Division had got past German defenses and reached the town of Palenberg.
Here, US soldiers had to fight to get to each house. (
Private Harold G. Kiner was awarded the Medal of Honor for throwing himself on a German grenade saving the lives of two soldiers).
Fighting in the town of Rimburg was terrible.
American armour could not cross the Wurm River, and it could not support infantrymen who were attacking the Germans.
The 30th Infantry Division destroyed 50 German pillboxes on the first day.
The division's advance was helped by the 29th Infantry Division's attacks.
The Germans thought that the 29th Division's attacks were the main attack.
On the night of 2 October, the German 902nd Assault Gun Battalion was ordered to attack the 30th Infantry Division.
Allied artillery made the German attack not start on time.
The German attack failed.
American armor could help with the advance on 3 October.
The US  attacks were stopped by German attacks.
Rimburg was captured on the second day.
Fighting had also begun in the town of Übach.
American tanks tried to attack the town.
However, they could not move due to German artillery fire.
American artillery fire stopped the Germans from recapturing it.
By the end of the day the 30th Infantry Division had around 300 dead and wounded.
German forces continued their attacks on Übach.
This stopped American troops from advancing.
On 4 October the Allies had only captured Hoverdor and Beggendorf.
The Americans lost 1,800 soldiers in the past three days.
On 5 October, the 119th Regiment of the 30th Infantry Division captured Merkstein-Herbach.
The next day the Germans attacked Übach, but the attack was not a success.
The American had many more tanks.
The Germans did not have extra troops.
General Koechling did get a Tiger tank group to defend Aachen from the north.
The Germans attacked on 8 October with an infantry regiment, the 1st Assault Battalion, the 108th Panzer Brigade, and 40 armored vehicles.
The left side of the attack cut off an American platoon.
The Germans had many losses and the Americans were getting closer.
Advance from the south: 8–11 October
In the south, the 1st Infantry Division attacked on 8 October.
They wanted to capture the town of Verlautenheide.
A big artillery attack helped them to capture the town.
By 10 October, the 1st Infantry Division was in its planned position, where it could join with the 30th Infantry Division.
The Germans attacked but they ended up with over 40 dead and 35 prisoners.
Despite repeated German attacks, the 1st Infantry Division was able to capture the high land around the city.
On 10 October, the US threatened to bomb the city if it didn't surrender.
The German commander refused to surrender.
American artillery fired  5,000 shells and the city was bombed American aircraft.
Link up: 11–16 October
American dead and wounded were increasing.
This was caused by German attacks and the danger of attacking pillboxes.
The   Germans in the town of Bardenberg made pillboxes to defend themselves.
American attackers pulled back and shelled the town with artillery.
On 12 October, the Germans attacked the American 30th Infantry Division.
The Americans defended themselves with artillery fire and anti-tank defenses.
At the village of Birk, there was a fight between German tanks and a single American Sherman tank.
Then the 2nd Armored Division arrived and the Germans were pushed out of the town.
The 30th Infantry Division had to defend itself over all the land they held.
They were ordered to move south to join with the 1st Infantry Division.
Two infantry battalions from the 29th were sent to join the 30th.
The same day (12 October), two German infantry regiments attempted to recapture.
Both regiments were almost completely destroyed.
Between 11–13 October Allied aircraft bombed Aachen.
On 15 October, the Germans again attacked the 1st Infantry Division.
Although a number of heavy tanks managed to break through American lines, most of German forces were destroyed by artillery and airplanes.
On the next day, the Germans attacked with the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division.
They had heavy losses and they had to stop the attack.
The 30th Infantry Division and parts of the 29th Infantry and 2nd Armored divisions moved southwards between 13–16 October.
They could not get through German defenses and join up with allied forces to the south.
The Germans attacked with artillery.
German tanks were hidden in houses.
General Hobbs, commander of the 30th Infantry Division, tried to get around the German defenses.
He attacked with two infantry battalions.
The attack was a success.
The 30th and 1st Infantry Divisions joined up on 16 October.
The fighting had caused American XIX Corps over 400 dead and 2,000 wounded, with 72% from the 30th Infantry Division.
The Germans had 630 of their soldiers killed and 4,400 wounded; another 600 were killed in the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division's attack on the US 1st Infantry Division on 16 October.
Fight for the city: 13–21 October
The 1st Infantry Division had only a single regiment to capture the city.
They attacked with machine guns and flamethrowers.
Only by a few tanks and one howitzer were used in the attack.
The city was defended by 5,000 German troops, including navy, air force and city police.
Most of these soldiers lacked experience and training.
They were supported by a few tanks and assault guns.
However, Aachen's defenders could use the narrow streets to defend the city.
The 26th Infantry's attack on 13 October was stopped by Germans firing from sewers and cellars.
Sherman tanks could not move around in the narrow streets.
The 26th Infantry Regiment used howitzers to destroy German fortifications.
Sherman tanks were attacked by German anti-tank guns.
American tanks and other armored vehicles would shoot buildings to kill any defenders hiding inside.
German infantry moved through sewers to attack Americans.
The Germans fought very hard.
They attacked the Americans and used armor to stop American movement.
On 18 October, the 3rd Battalion of the 26th Infantry Regiment prepared to attack the Hotel Quellenhof.
This was one of the last areas held by the Germans in the city.
American tanks and other guns fired at the hotel.
That night, 300 new soldiers of the 1st SS Battalion moved into the hotel.
They stopped several attacks on the building.
A violent German attack managed to get past American infantry companies outside of the hotel.
The Germans were then stopped by American mortar fire.
The Americans shelled German positions with  guns.
As well, a battalion of the 110th Infantry Regiment was used to fill gaps in the city.
The new battalion was told on 19–20 October to attack the city.
On 21 October, soldiers of the 26th Infantry Regiment captured central Aachen.
The Germans in the Hotel Quellenhof surrendered, ending the battle for the city.
Danilo Medina Sánchez (born November 10, 1951) is a Dominican politician.
He was the President of the Dominican Republic from 2012 to 2020.
Sophia Bush (born July 8, 1982) is an American television and movie actress.
She has also directed.
Movies in which she appeared include John Tucker Must Die.
Television programs in which she appeared include Chicago Hope, Chicago PD and "One Tree Hill".
Bush was born in Pasadena, California.
HK Electric
Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (September 1, 1906 – July 14, 2002) was the President of the Dominican Republic.
He served three non-consecutive terms in that office.
His first term was from 1960 to 1962, for his second term from 1966 to 1978, and again for his third and final term from 1986 to 1996.
In 2000, Balaguer decided to seek an eighth term as president he lost the election.
Diariolibre.com
UCSB.edu
CLP Group (CLP; ) is an electricity company in Hong Kong.
Their business are power generation, power transmission and electricity selling.
Juan Emilio Bosch Gaviño (30 June 1909 – 1 November 2001) was a politician, historian, short story writer, essayist, and educator.
He was the first democratically elected President of the Dominican Republic in 38 years.
He served as president from February through September of 1963.
Before this, he had been the leader of the Dominican opposition in exile to the dictatorial regime of Rafael Trujillo for over 25 years.
In 1934, he married Isabel García and had two children with her: Leon and Carolina.
During Trujillo's dictatorship, Bosch was jailed for his political ideas, being released after several months.
In 1938, Bosch managed to leave the country, settling in Puerto Rico.
Juan Bosch died on November 1, 2001 after a long hospitalization period in Santo Domingo.
He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and was hospitalized for respiratory failure.
As a former President, he received the corresponding honors at the National Palace, and was buried in his hometown of La Vega.
International Jose Guillermo Carrillo Foundation
Overview of modern Dominican history
Juan Bosch Foundation (in Spanish)
Dominican Homeland History (in Spanish)
Juan Bosch: Una vida por la democracia, by Jesús Adolfo Becerril Valencia
Los Bosch Gaviño: apuntes y gráficas sobre su historia familiar
Companhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM; ; English: Macau Electricity Company) is an electricity company in Macau, China.
Its main business is power generation, power transmission, power distribution and electricity selling in Macau.
Felicity Rose Hadley Jones (born 17 October 1983) is a British television, stage and movie actress.
She starred in movies including Brideshead Revisited (2008), Cemetery Junction (2009) and Rogue One (2016).
Jones was born in Birmingham.
Sources differ on her year of birth, with some saying 1983 and others saying 1984.
A blindfold is a piece of cloth tied over a person's eyes.
Sometimes a blindfold is made of material other than cloth.
Blindfolds make it impossible to see.
They are used for many different reasons:
To cover the eyes of a person who is blind.
They are used in some games played by children on a playground.
As sleep masks to help a person sleep when there is too much light.
In a ransom so that a person cannot see the kidnappers.
In magic tricks.
For erotic play.
Everland is a theme park in Yongin, South Korea.
It is about one hour's drive away from Seoul.
Everland is the largest theme park in South Korea.
In 2012, it ranked 12th in the world by number of visitors.
It had 6.6 million visitors according to Travel + Leisure magazine.
The park is 36 years old.
It has many kinds of attractions, as well as a zoo called Safari World, and a water park named Caribbean Bay.
Everland also has seasonal festivals throughout the year.
Samsung Everland, a part of company of Samsung operates and manages the park and the surrounding area.
Snow Festival: Jan - Feb
Tulip Festival: Mar - Apr
Rose Festival: May - Jun
Summer Splash: Jun - Sep
Halloween & Horror Night: Sep.6 - Oct.31
Christmas Fantasy: Nov.8 - Dec.31
Romantic Illumination: Nov.22 - Dec.31
T EXPRESS: South Korea's first and world's the steepest wooden roller coaster (77 degrees) with 3 minutes of running time.
It is the longest wooden roller coaster in Asia, and the 7th largest in the world.
Rolling X-Train: Rolling X-Train have 2 loops and 2 corkscrew.
It's only roller coaster that have loops in Everland Resorts.
K-POP Hologram: World's first holographic concert hall featuring YG stars.
Safari World: Bus ride through the zoo where various animals wandering around freely.
In the caged bus, the visitors will see the roaming lions, tigers, bears, and sometimes some animals come up to the bus to catch the feed thrown by the driver.
Pororo's 3D Adventure: 3D virtual reality theater featuring Pororo and his friends.
Caribbean Bay
Caribbean Bay is South Korea's largest water park.
It has outdoor and indoor parts, and only indoor parts, named 'Aquatic Center' opens throughout the year.
Running Water Pool (Indoor/Outdoor)
Wave Pool (Indoor/Outdoor): Artificially generated waves featuring Caribbean beach
Diving Pool (Indoor): 5.0 m in depth
Home Bridge
Home Bridge is a resort and cabin site near  Everland.
The wooden lodges are located 2,000 meters above sea level.
Everland Speedway
Everland Speedway is South Korea's first racing track.
It holds many racing events or competitions as well as provides guests to drive racing car.
Chalet Girl is a 2011 British-German-Austrian romance-comedy movie.
It is about introducing people, romance and various family matters.
Felicity Jones plays Kim Matthews.
Brooke Shields plays Caroline.
Sophia Bush plays Chloe.
It was released in the United States in October 2011.
Christian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt (May 1, 1986 – July 29, 2013), also known as Chucho, was an  Ecuadorian footballer who played as a forward for El Jaish of the Qatar Stars League at the time of his death.
On July 29, 2013, Benítez entered a hospital in Doha, Qatar because of a "strong pain" in his abdomen.
He later went into respiratory failure.
He died from complications leading to cardiac arrest at the age of 27.
Player details  at Ecuadorian Football Federation
Profile at Birmingham City F.C. website
A feature movie or feature film is a movie (also called a film or motion picture) with a run time long enough to be the main or only movie to fill a program at a movie theatre.
A program is the set of shows that people are given for one admission ticket.
A feature movie is therefore a movie that runs for long enough to be the main or only show in a program.
According to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, American Film Institute, and British Film Institute, a feature movie runs for at least 40 minutes.
The Screen Actors Guild states that it is 80 minutes or longer.
The majority of feature movies are between 70 and 210 minutes long.
The Story of the Kelly Gang was the first feature movie based on length, and was released in Australia in 1906.
The first feature-length movie based on a book was Les Misérables which was released in 1909.
Feature movie for children are usually between 70 and 105 minutes.
Other early feature movies include a version of Oliver Twist (1912), Richard III (1912) and From the Manger to the Cross (1912).
The Invisible Woman is a 2013 romance-drama movie.
The movie is about a secret mistress of Charles Dickens.
Ralph Fiennes plays Dickens.
Kristin Scott Thomas plays Catherine Ternan and Felicity Jones plays Nelly Ternan.
This movie will be released beginning in early 2014 in the United Kingdom and United States.
Joana Raspall i Juanola (1 July 1913 – 4 December 2013) was a Spanish writer and librarian.
She was born in Barcelona on 1 July 1913.
Juanola died on 4 December 2013 from natural causes, aged 100.
Joana Raspall at escriptors.cat
A high-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes the frequency component of a signal above a certain value (cutoff frequency).
The frequency component below that certain value will be suppressed to almost zero.
A low-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes the frequency component of a signal below a certain value (cutoff frequency).
The frequency component above that certain value will be suppressed to almost zero.
A band-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes the frequency component of a signal within a certain range value, where it has its lower cutoff frequency and upper cutoff frequency.
The frequency component outside that range of value will be suppressed to almost zero.
In low frequency applications (up to 100 KHz), passive filters are generally constructed using simple R.C. networks while higher frequency filters (above 100 KHz) are usually made from R.L,C components.
A band-stop filter or band-reject filter is an electronic filter that blocks the frequency component of a signal within a certain range value, where it has its lower cutoff frequency and upper cutoff frequency.
The frequency component outside that range of value will be passed on.
A steam drum is a part of a water-tube boiler.
It is the place where water or steam gathers at the top of the boiler.
It stores the steam produced in the water tube and it separates between steam and water mixture.
A water-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated by fire from outside.
The fire is produced by the fuel being burned inside the furnace for the boiler.
Design types
Babcock and Wilcox boiler
A/D/M/O-type boiler
Flex-tube boiler
Forced-circulation boiler
Low water content
Stirling boiler
Thornycroft
White-Forster
Yarrow boiler
Boiler heat provider
Cement kiln
Hot mix asphalt plant
Quenching furnace
Oil burner
Gas burner
A superheater is a device that changes saturated steam into dry steam.
Dry steam is used in various industrial processes.
Convection superheater
Radiant superheater
Separately fired superheater
A heat exchanger is a device used to efficiently transfer heat from one fluid to another.
The fluids may be separated to avoid direct contact or mixing.
Heat exchangers are used in many engineering applications, such as refrigeration, heating and airconditioning systems, power plants, chemical processing systems, food processing systems, automobile radiators, and waste heat recovery units.
Heating systems that use heat exchanges use natural gasses, propane, or heating oil.
When either of these substances is burned to generate heat, they produce water vapor, soot, carbon dioxide, and most notably, carbon monoxide.
If the heat exchanger is cracked then a person can be exposed to the carbon monoxide.
Adiabatic wheel heat exchanger
Double pipe heat exchanger
Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger
Fluid heat exchanger
Phase-change heat exchanger
Pillow plate heat exchanger
Plate and shell heat exchanger
Plate fin heat exchanger
Plate heat exchanger
Shell and tube heat exchanger
Waste Heat Recovery Unit heat exchanger
Micro heat exchanger
A soot blower is a device used to remove soot that has accumulated on the furnace tube of a boiler during combustion.
Steam or air can be used to blow the soot.
Air heater blower
Long retractable soot blower
Wall blower
Marianne Muellerleile (born November 26, 1948) is an American actress.
She played Norma Bates (2000-2008) in the NBC soap opera Passions.
In The Terminator in 1984, she also played a woman with a name similar to Arnold Schwarzenegger's confidant and love interest.
Muellerleile was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC; ) is a company owned by the government of the People's Republic of China which provides electricity to Northern China, Northeastern China, Eastern China, Central China and Northwestern China.
China Southern Power Grid () is a company owned by the government of the People's Republic of China.
It provides electricity transmission and distribution to Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces.
Excitation is a process to create a magnetic field from electric current.
This process is used in electric machines (generators or motors) whose rotor spins in a magnetic field.
This magnetic field can come from a permanent magnet or field coils.
In the case of electric machine with field coils, a current must flow to the coil to generate the magnetic field, so that the field coils can act as a "magnet", like in the case of electric machine with permanent magnet.
The device in which excitation happens is called the exciter.
A switchgear is a combination of electrical switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect or isolate electrical equipment.
Jane Child (also  Jane Richman; born February 15, 1967) is a Canadian musician.
She sang the song "Don't Wanna Fall in Love" which was #2 on Billboard Hot 100 in spring 1990.
She also sang other hits.
Child was born in Toronto, Ontario.
"Don't Wanna Fall in Love" (also titled "Don't Want to Fall in Love") is a 1990 pop and romantic dance song.
It peaked at #2 across the Billboard in spring of 1990.
A new jack swing remix for the song was released later that year.
The single is by Jane Child.
This is the only Top 40 charting single from Child.
In the United Kingdom, however, it peaked at only #22 due to Child not wanting to appear on a popular British television show for fear of being classified a sellout.
Ma Ying-jeou () is a Taiwanese politician.
He was the President of the Republic of China from 20 May 2008 to 20 May 2016.
Ma Ying-jeou was born in Kwong Wah Hospital in Kowloon, British Hong Kong on 13 July 1950.
He studied in National Taiwan University, New York University and Harvard University.
Official ROC President's website
Ma Ying-jeou Official Website (Traditional Chinese)
Kuomintang Official Website
Taipei City Government Official Website
Protesters say measures recall the martial law era
DPP-incited disturbance condemned in Taiwan (Xinhua) 2008-11-06
Taiwan DPP Chair leads the "anti-China" rally to besiege the city and Grand Hotel
Politicians from Hong Kong
British Hong Kong () was a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom.
It was Hong Kong when it was controlled as part of the British Empire.
The British governed Hong Kong from 1841 to 1997, except for a small amount of time when the Japanese took over Hong Kong during World War II.
During the First Opium War in 1841, the British took over Hong Kong Island.
The British took over the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and the New Territories in 1898.
Hong Kong was given by the Qing Dynasty to the British Empire in 1841 under the Treaty of Nanking.
Kowloon was added to the area of Hong Kong in 1860 under the Convention of Peking, and New Territories was added in 1898 under the Second Convention of Peking.
In 1941–1945, Hong Kong was ruled by the Japanese Empire during World War II.
In 1984, People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom agreed under Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong that Hong Kong was to be returned to China on 1 July 1997.
Japanese occupation
The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, also known as “Hong Kong Fallen/The Fall of Hong Kong”, lasted from December 25, 1941 to August 15, 1945.
The Hong Kong population called this event as the “Three years and eight months”.
On the same day when the Japanese troops attacked Pearl Harbor, the Japanese General Takashi Sakai lead his troops to attack Hong Kong from Bao’an Country.
In December 25, 1941, the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong signed the surrender agreement to the Japanese in a hotel named “The Peninsula Hong Kong”.
Nine days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, on August 15, 1945, the Emperor of Japan surrendered, signifying the end of the Second World War.
At the end of August, the British once again took the control of Hong Kong back from Japan, and set up a marshal government.
Growth of economy
During the Qing Dynasty, the British wanted to make Victoria Harbour the biggest harbour in East Asia.
The British also wanted to grow its sea trade in the Far East through Victoria Harbor.
20 years after the British took over  Hong Kong, in 1861, this harbour was named Victoria Harbour, after the Queen of England at the time.
The British also expanded the city on Hong Kong Island (香港岛).
Hong Kong's economy today is very strong and always growing.
It all would not have been possible, however, without the shipping, banking, merchants, and industrial growth from the British being there.
The British Navy had an especially large role in shipping and protection of goods.
During that time, the British Navy was stronger than any other navy in the world, and was able to protect the trade interests of the British Empire.
After World War II had started, many merchant and banking businesses moved to Hong Kong, at the same time as the Industrial growth really took off.
Independent Commission Against Corruption
The Independent Commission Against Corruption(ICAC/廉政公署) was established in February 15, 1974.
It Is a system that is self-standing, Independent and controlled only by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Hong Kong Disciplined Services.
Hong Kong Disciplined Services is a system include Hong Kong Police Force, Immigration Department, Customs and Excise Department, Fire Services Department, Correctional Services Department, Government Flying Service, Civil Aid Service and Auxiliary Medical Service.
In the 1960’s through the 1970s, the population of Hong Kong had increased immensely alongside the sudden explosion of Hong Kong’s economy.
The sudden growth unfortunately led to widespread corruption.
When British Hong Kong faced this issue, their government had to focus on maintaining the order of society.
Since its inception in 1974, ICAC had used a “three-pronged approach” to tackle corruption in each of the three branches of government.
Three pronged approach” is a unique strategy to fight corruption on three front, which is Operation Department (Law enforcement), Corruption Prevention Department (Prevention), and Community Relation Department (Education).
During the 1960s through the 1970s, the corruption in Hong Kong was a really serious issue because the population in Hong Kong had increased really quickly.
Resource allocation was a huge part of corruption in the 1960s.
For example, the lower class workers that worked for the government were often taken advantage of because their advantage would allocate a portion of their pay for themselves.
This meant that lower class workers always only ever saw a fragment of their actual paycheck.
"Official website of the British Hong Kong Government".
Archived from the original on 24 December 1996.
Retrieved 2013-03-26.
Elizabeth Debicki (August 1990) is an Australian actress.
She played Jordan Baker in The Great Gatsby.
Her career began in 2010.
The actress was born in Paris, France.
Bastille are an English Indie rock band.
They started in London in 2010.
In February 2013, they released a single called "Pompeii".
It was number one in Scotland and Ireland.