the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Diodorus however does not have anything to say about the sexual orientation of Epaminondas or the Sacred Band, nor does he say anything about the following account, again from Plutarch (Amatorius 17).
According to Plutarch dramatic dialogue, Epaminondas had two male lovers: Asopichus and Caphisodorus, the latter died with him at Mantineia in battle.
They were buried together, something usually reserved for a husband and wife in Greek society.
Plutarch, consistently with his heterosexual message, then goes on to tell how love also inspires women to great courage: "And here, methinks, we have very opportunely mentioned Alcestis; for although the temper of women has little to do with Mars, Love many times drives them to daring attempts beyond their own nature, even to death."
ReferencesGay Warriors, by Burg, B. R., et al.;
New York: New York University Press, 2002.
.Homosexuality and Civilization, by Crompton, Louis, et al.;
Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003. .
Daniel Ogden, "Homosexuality and Warfare in Ancient Greece," in Battle in Antiquity'' (Classical Press of Wales, 2009), pp.
107–68.
Elizabeth Guttman "E.G." Daily (born Elizbeth Ann Guttman, September 11, 1961, in Los Angeles, California) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, clown, jester, mime and singer.
She has acted on television and in movies and video games.
She is best known as the voice of Thomas Malcolm "Tommy" Pickles in Rugrats/All Grown Up and Buttercup in The Powerpuff Girls franchise.
The Awty International School is a private school in Houston, Texas.
It is for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade.
It is the largest international school in the United States.
Awty was founded in 1956 as pre-school by Kathleen Awty.
Adding High School, in 1975, the complex changed Awty into College preparatory school.
They then united with French School of Houston and became Awty International School, as it is today, in 1984.
Enrollment increased from 600 to 1,475 during last 15 years.
In 1990 there was pre-school building added, in 1991 new high school building, in 1995 pre-school classrooms were added.
Finally, in 2009, Awty opened athletic stadium with a soccer field, track, and tennis courts.
Awty today
Awty is made of a big French Section and huge International Section.
It is an accredited international and largest private school in US.
It's licensed by ISAS and CIS, and also it is member of NAIS.
Faculty and Students
Location and Campus
The school is located on a 15-acre (61,000 m2) campus in central Houston.
It includes 300 classrooms, 6 science laboratories, 3 art rooms, 4 computer laboratories, 3 libraries, 2 lunch rooms, 2 covered basketball/volleyball courts, an athletics center, 2 soccer fields and 2 gymnasiums.
Vision and Mission
Sports and arts
The school is member of TAPPS, they play basketball, perform in music contests or win in soccer.
A lot of Awty's musicians are in TAPPS Area or Region band.
Awty International School official site
Architectural information on the renovation of Awty's lower school
Schools in Texas
Cygnus is a constellation in the northern sky.
Cygnus means "swan" in Greek.
There is a pattern of stars in Cygnus that is called the Northern Cross.
This is because the pattern of stars looks like a cross.
The constellation Crux (constellation) has a pattern of stars that is called the Southern Cross.
The astronomer Ptolemy listed Cygnus in the 2nd century when he made a list of constellations.
Famous stars
The band was formed in 2008.
They made 3 EPs Imagine Dragons EP, Hell and Silence EP and It's Time.
They released their debut studio album Night Visions on September 4, 2012.
And 3 more Albums after that
Dan Reynolds -  vocals (2008–present)
Ben McKee - bass,keyboards, backing vocals (2009–present)
Wayne Sermon - Guitars, backing vocals (2009–present)
Dan Platzman - drums, backing vocals (2011–present)
Andrew Tolman - drums, backing vocals (2008–2011)
Brittany Tolman - piano, backing vocals (2009–2011)
Aurora Florence-keyboards, backing vocals, violin (2008)
Daniivory- keyboards, backing vocals (2011-2012)
Dave Lemke- Bass, backing vocals (2008-2009)
Andrew Beck- Guitars, backing vocals (2008)
Mercury Act 1-2021
Imagine Dragons EP (2010)
Hell and Silence EP (2010)
It's Time (2011)
Hear Me (2012)
The Archive (2013)
The band was formed in 1989 by band member Mikael Stanne and guitarist Niklas Sundin.
Stanne and Sundin originally formed a band under the name Septic Broiler.
Members Anders Fridén, Anders Jivarp and Martin Henriksson joined the band shortly after.
Dark Tranquillity is an important part of the melodic death metal genre of music and are one of the longest-standing bands from the original Gothenburg metal scene.
They released their debut album, Skydancer, on August 30, 1993.
Mikael Stanne - vocals (1989–present)
Martin Henriksson - guitar (1989–present)
Niklas Sundin - guitar (1989–present)
Daniel Antonsson - bass (2008–present)
Anders Jivarp - drums (1989–present)
Martin Brändström - programming, keyboards (1999-present)
Anders Fridén - vocals (1989–1993)
Fredrik Johansson - guitar (1993–1998)
Mikael Niklasson - bass (1999−2008)
Skydancer (1993)
The Gallery (1995)
The Mind's I (1997)
Projector (1999)
Haven (2000)
Damage Done (2002)
Character (2005)
Fiction (2007)
We Are the Void (2010)
Construct (2013)
The 2000 UEFA Cup Final Riots, also known as the Battle of Copenhagen, was a riot in City Hall Square in Copenhagen, Denmark, between fans of English football team Arsenal and Turkish side Galatasaray around the 2000 UEFA Cup Final on 17 May 2000.
The fights, in which four people were stabbed, also included fans from other clubs and were viewed by the media as part of revenge attacks for the killing of two Leeds United fans by Galatasaray fans the month before.
21st century in Copenhagen
When it was unable to feed its population during a famine, the emir of the great commercial center of Mahdia has to recognize the de facto protectorate of Roger II of Sicily.
Failed Norman raid against the city of Tripoli.
Emperor Konoe succeeds Emperor Sutoku on the throne of Japan.
Henry the Lion becomes Duke of Saxony.
The Empress Maud grants Oakley, Buckinghamshire Church, with its chapels of Brill, Boarstall and Addingrove, to the monks of St. Frideswide's Priory, in Oxford.
Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar, Persian mystical poet (d. 1220)
Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1192)
January 27 – Yue Fei, Chinese military leader (b. 1103)
April 21 – Pierre Abélard, French scholastic philosopher (b. 1079)
Orderic Vitalis, English chronicler (b. 1075)
December 21 – Conrad III of Germany besieged Weinsberg, the stronghold of Welfs.
Henry Jasomirgott is made count palatine of the Rhine.
The town of Lanark in Scotland is made a Royal Burgh by David I of Scotland.
Marburg becomes a town.
The Assizes of Ariano are enacted by Roger II of Sicily.
Roger II of Sicily places the practice of medicine under royal control.
June 3 – Pierre Abelard is condemned for heresy by a church court in Sens, France.
September 8 – Sephardi Jewish philosopher Judah Halevi, having completed the Kuzari, arrives in Alexandria on a pilgrimage to Palestine.
The first Cistercian monastery in Spain is founded in Fitero.
The order enjoys a rapid expansion in the region in the following 15 years.
Camaldolite monk Gratian founds the science of Canon law with the publication of the Decretum Gratiani.
May 28 – Xin Qiji, Chinese poet (d. 1207)
Minamoto no Yoshihira, Japanese warrior (d. 1160)
January 12 – Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia
February 6 – Thurstan, Archbishop of York
Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia
Leo I, Prince of Armenia
November 15 – Adelaide of Hungary, Duchess of Bohemia
date unknown &ndahs; Kitti Sri Megha, Sri Lankan ruler
Irreligion (meaning not religious) is a term that describes people who reject religion, or who do not have a particular religion.
The term covers all those who answer "none" to questionnaires which ask people about their religion.
In the social survey world, they are called "the nones".
The term irreligious is an umbrella term, for atheists, agnostics, deists and ignostics.
Irreligion takes many forms, ranging from the casual and unaware to full-fledged philosophies such as atheism, agnosticism, and secular humanism.
Irreligion may be a purely naturalist worldview which denies a belief in anything supernatural.
The broadest and loosest definition, is the lack of religious identification (attendance at church, temple etc.).
The narrowest and strictest is subscribing to "positive atheism".
That might be described as a willingness to state rejection of a deity absolutely.
Public statements of belief can be, and are, tailored to the various social climates.
'No religion' groups
There are, at least three different groups of "not religious" people:
Deists
Sundiata starts to rule in Mali (approximate date).
In the West African village of Siby, Sundiata Keita, founder of the Mali Empire, forces the Malinkés to bind themselves to each other by oath.
March 9 – Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus near the village of Klokotnitsa.
Iberian Peninsula: Alphonso IX defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as almogàver by the Christians) at the battle of Alange.
This success opens the road to Badajoz to the Leonese troops.
The Portuguese king Sancho II continues his offensive southward and takes Beja, Juromenha, Serpa and Moura.
September 24 – The Kingdoms of León and Galicia unite with the Kingdoms of Castile and Toledo under Ferdinand III.
The Teutonic Knights are invited into Prussia to forcibly convert the Prussians and Yatvags to Christianity.
The Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).
Eudes of Burgundy (d. 1266)
Hu Sansheng, Chinese historian (d. 1302)
May 2 – William de Braose (hanged)
July 28 – Duke Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176)
September 23 – Alfonso IX of Leon (b. 1171)
October 25 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (b. 1180)
December 15 – Otakar I of Bohemia
December 23 – Berengaria of Navarre, queen of Richard I of England
Xia Gui, Chinese painter (b. c. 1180) (approximate date).
Béjaïa repeals a Genoan naval assault.
February 5 – Treaty of Durham: Stephen I of England concedes Cumberland to David I of Scotland.
The people of Novgorod rebel against the hereditary prince Vsevolod of Pskov and remove him from power.
Battle of Crug Mawr: Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans.
Grimoald, duke of Bari, supported by the emperor, rebels against the king of Sicily Roger II.
The Saint Denis Basilica is completed in Paris.
Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, describing his relationship with Heloise.
Amalric I of Jerusalem
William of Newburgh, English historian (d. 1198)
April 15 – Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare (b. 1094)
May 28 – Hughes de Payens, first Grand Master of the Knights Templar
October 28 – Boleslaus III of Poland (b. 1086)
November 15 – Margrave Leopold III of Austria (b. 1073)
November 21 – William de Corbeil, Archbishop of Canterbury
Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi, Spanish mathematician and astronomer (b. 1070)
Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani, Persian physician
June – A fire breaks out in the Song Dynasty Chinese capital of Hangzhou.
It destroyed 13,000 homes and forced many to flee to nearby hills.
Due to large fires such as this, the government installs an effective fire fighting force for the city.
Items such as bamboo, planks, and rush-matting are temporarily exempted from taxation, 120 tons of rice are distributed to the poor, and the government temporarily suspends the housing rent requirement of the city's residents.
July 24 – Battle of Nocera: Ranulf II of Alife defeats Roger II of Sicily.
Dermot MacMurrough has the abbey of Kildare in Ireland burned and the abbess raped.
He becomes king of the province of Leinster.
St. Malachy is made bishop of Armagh in Ireland, to impose the Roman liturgy on the independent Irish Church.
Fountains Abbey and Rievaulx Abbey are founded in Yorkshire, Basingwerk Abbey is founded in Wales.
Barnwell Castle is erected in Northamptonshire, England.
The Japanese era 長承 (Choushou) begins.
Tughril II starts his rule of Iraq.
Champa again invades Vietnam.
Under the Song Dynasty, China's first permanent standing navy is established in this year, with the headquarters of the admiral stationed at Dinghai.
Abd al-Mu'min becomes Almohad caliph in North Africa.
Joachim of Fiore, Italian mystic and abbot (d. 1201)
Rhys ap Gruffydd, ruler of Deheubarth (d. 1197)
April 14 – Prince Mstislav of Kiev (b. 1076)
Hugh of Grenoble, French saint (b. 1052)
Estimation: Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Kaifeng, capital of China.
January 9 – Jurchen forces sack the Song Chinese capital of Kaifeng (the Jingkang Incident, 靖康事變), and begin more than a century of political division between northern and southern China.
Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II.
The first coalition of the Norman princes against Roger II of Sicily is formed.
The same year, Roger regains control over Malta after a rebellion.
To guaranty the security of the seas, the king also establishes a pact with the maritime republic of Savona, probably following an Almoravid raid against his realm.
Count Charles the Good of Flanders is assassinated.
First mention of the consuls in Brescia, indicating that the city has become an independent commune.
The commune of Milan conquers the neighboring city of Como.
The minaret of Kalyan is completed in Bukhara (present day Uzbekistan).
October 18 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1191)
November 27 – Emperor Xiaozong of China (d. 1194)
Constance of Antioch (d. 1163), the Princess regnant of the principality of Antioch
Yang Wanli, Chinese poet (d. 1206)
probable – Fulcher of Chartres, French chronicler (b. c. 1059)
Gilla Críst Ua Máel Eóin, abbot of Clonmacnoise
January–March – In Song Dynasty China, scholars and farmers demonstrate around Kaifeng for the restoration of a probity military official, Li Gang (李綱).
Small conflicts erupt between the protestors and the Government.
Two previously written Chinese pharmaceutical works, one by Shen Kuo and another by Su Shi, are combined into one written work.
The rule of Emperor Huizong of Song ends in China.
The Jin Dynasty is established in the north of China, following the Song Dynasty's loss at the Huang He River valley.
Remnants of the court flee south, including much of the populace and communities such as the Kaifeng Jews.
Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland.
Ragnvald Knaphövde, pretender to the Swedish throne, is killed by upset peasants at a local thing.
Sweden is without ruler, but Magnus the Strong claims sovereignty over Gothenland for the time being.
Alfonso VII is crowned king of Castile and León in Spain.
King Alfonso the Battler of Navarre and Aragon launches a raid into Granada.
The Venetians occupy Cephalonia.
Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos restores their trading privileges.
Olegarius creates the community of knights known as the confraternity of Tarragona to combat the Andalusians in Catalonia.
Adelard of Bath translates Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī's arithmetic and astronomical tables into Latin.
Fan Chengda, Chinese poet, travel writer, and geographer (d. 1193)
Averoes, Andalus judge and physician
Eynion de Tilston Lord of the Manor of Tilston
February 10 – William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and poet (b. 1071)
March 8 – Queen Urraca of Castile (b. 1082)
October 1 – Morphia of Melitene, Queen of Jerusalem
Edgar Ætheling, last member of the Anglo-Saxon royal house (b. 1052)
Ragnvald Knaphövde, pretender to the Swedish throne (killed by upset peasants at the thing)
Abbot Ekkehard of Aura
Omar Khayyam, Persian poet and mathematician
The 4th millennium BC saw major changes in human culture.
It marked the beginning of the Bronze Age and of writing.
The city states of Sumer and the kingdom of Egypt were started and grew to prominence.
World population in the course of the millennium doubled to approximately from 7 to 14 million people in the area surrounding them.
Mesopotamia is in the Uruk period, with emerging Sumerian hegemony and development of "proto-cuneiform" writing; base-60 mathematics, astronomy and astrology, civil law, complex hydrology, the sailboat, potter's wheel and wheel; the Chalcolithic proceeds into the early Bronze Age.
c. 4000 BC—First neolithic settlers in the island of Thera (Santorini), Greece, migrating probably from Minoan Crete.
c. 4000 BC—Beaker from Susa (modern Shush, Iran) is made.
It is now at Musée du Louvre, Paris.
c. 4000 BC–2000 BC—People and animals, a detail of rock-shelter painting in Cogul, Lleida, Spain, are painted.
It is now at Museo Arqueológico, Barcelona.
c. 3900 BC—5.9 kiloyear event, one of the most intense aridification events during the Holocene.
It ended the Neolithic Subpluvial and likely initiated the most recent desiccation of the Sahara desert, triggering migration to river valleys, such as from central North Africa to the Nile valley.
Babylonian influence predominant in Mediterranean regions of Asia (to 2000 BC)
In Colombia, circa 3600 BC, first rupestrian art Chiribiquete (Caquetá).
3600 BC—Construction of the Ġgantija megalithic temple complex on the Island of Gozo, Malta: the world's oldest extant unburied free-standing structures, and the world's oldest religious structures. (
See Göbekli Tepe for older, buried religious structures.)
3600–3200 BC—Construction of the first temple within the Mnajdra solar temple complex on Malta, containing "furniture" such as stone benches and tables, that set it apart from other European megalith constructions.
3600–3000 BC—Construction of the Ta' Ħaġrat and Kordin III temples on Malta.
3500 Metalcasting began in the Mohenjodaro area.
c. 3500 BC—Figures of a man and a woman, from Cernavodă, Romania, are made.
They are now at National Historical Museum, Bucharest.
3500–3400 BC—Jar with boat designs, from Hierakonpolis (today in the Brooklyn Museum) is created.
Predynastic Egypt.
3500–2340 BC—First cities developed in Southern Mesopotamia.
Inhabitants migrated from north.
The cuneiform script proper emerges from pictographic proto-writing in the later 4th millennium.
Mesopotamia's "proto-literate" period spans the 35th to 32nd centuries.
The first documents unequivocally written in the Sumerian language date to the 31st century, found at Jemdet Nasr.
3300–2900 BC—Construction of the Newgrange solar observatory/passage tomb in Ireland.
3300—Bronze Age starts in Indus Valley (Harappa)
c. 3300 BC—Ötzi the Iceman dies near the present-day border between Austria and Italy, only to be discovered in 1991 buried in a glacier of the Ötztal Alps.
His cause of death is believed to be homicide.
3250–3000 BC—Construction of three megalithic temples at Tarxien, Malta.
3200–2500 BC—Construction of the Ħaġar Qim megalithic temple complex on Malta, featuring both solar and lunar alignments.
c. 3150 BC—Predynastic period ended in Ancient Egypt.
Early Dynastic (Archaic) period started (according to French Egyptologist Nicolas Grimal).
The period includes 1st and 2nd Dynasties.
c. 3150 BC a lesser Tollmann's hypothetical bolide event may have occurred.
August 11, 3114 BC—start date of the Mayan calendar.
c. 3100 BC—According to the legend, Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt, and a new capital is erected at Memphis.
c. 3100 BC—Narmer Palette
c. 3100–2600 BC—Neolithic settlement at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, is inhabited.
First to Fourth dynasty of Kish in Mesopotamia.
Discovery of silver.
The beginnings of Iberian civilizations, arrival to the peninsula dating as far back as 4000 BC.
c. 3000 BC—First pottery in Colombia at Puerto Hormiga (Magdalena), considered one of the first attempts of pottery of the New World.
First settlement at Puerto Badel (Bolívar).
Sumerian temple of Janna at Eridu erected.
Temple at Al-Ubaid and tome of Mes-Kalam-Dug built near Ur, Chaldea.
Ötzi the Iceman lived c. 3300 BC.
Predynastic pharaohs, Tiu, Thesh, Hsekiu, Wazner
Early Dynastic Period pharaohs, Ro, Serket, Narmer
c. 4000 BC—potter's wheel in Sumer.
4000 BC—Susa is a center of pottery production.
c. 4000 BC—Horses are domesticated in Ukraine.
3500 BC—2340 BC; Sumer: wheeled carts, potter's wheel, White Temple ziggurat, bronze tools and weapons.
c. 3250 BC—potter's wheel appears in Ancient Near East.
3000 BC—Tin is in use in Mesopotamia soon after this time.
Beginnings of urbanisation in Mesopotamia in Sumer and Egypt.
First writings in the cities of Uruk and Susa (cuneiform writings).
Hieroglyphs in Egypt.
Kurgan culture of what is now Southern Russia and Ukraine; possibly the first domestication of the horse.
Sails used in the Nile.
Construction in England of the Sweet Track, the World's first known engineered roadway.
Drainage and Sewage collection and disposal created in the Indus Valley civilization.
Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer.
Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons.
Bronze was in use, specifically by the Maykop culture.
Mastabas, the predecessors of the Egyptian pyramids.
The earliest phase of the Stonehenge monument (a circular earth bank and ditch) dates to c. 3100 BC.
The Céide Fields in Ireland, arguably the oldest field system in world, are developed.
Sumerian writing, done on clay tablets, shows about 2,000 pictographic signs.
White painted pottery in Egypt and southeastern Europe.
Harps and flutes played in Egypt.
Copper alloys used by Egyptians and Sumerians; smelting of gold and silver known.
Lyres and double clarinets (arghul, mijwiz) played in Egypt.
Earliest known numerals in Egypt.
Linen is produced in the Middle East.
Sri Krishna and Mahabharata.
Adam, Cain, Enoch, Methuselah, and Noah.
Calendars and chronology
The Maya calendar dates the creation of the Earth to August 11 or August 13, 3114 BC (establishing that date as day zero of the Long Count 13.0.0.0.0).
According to calculations of Aryabhata (6th century), the Hindu Kali Yuga began at midnight (00:00) on 18 February 3102 BC.
Consequently, Aryabhata dates the events of the Mahabharata to around 3137 BC.
7 October 3761 BC—Epoch of the Hebrew Calendar (introduced in the 12th century).
3929 BC—Date of creation according to John Lightfoot based on the Old Testament of the Bible, and often associated with the Ussher chronology.
1 January 4000 BC — Epoch of the Masonic calendar's Anno Lucis era.
40th century BC
39th century BC
38th century BC
37th century BC
36th century BC
35th century BC
34th century BC
33rd century BC
32nd century BC
31st century BC
The Taira and Minamoto clans join forces to rule Japan after defeating the warrior monks of the Enryakuji Temple near Kyoto.
Alexius I Comnenus and Bohemund I of Antioch negotiate the Treaty of Devol.
May – Battle of Uclés: The Almoravids defeat the Kingdom of Castile and roll back the advances of Reconquista; several towns recently captured by Christians are lost to the conquering Berbers such as Tarragona.
Saint Magnus becomes the first Earl of Orkney.
In Pistoia, Italy, the Cathedral of San Zeno burns to the ground.
Louis VI of France starts to rule.
First mention of the consuls of Bergamo indicating that the city has become an independent republic.
Chichester Cathedral is consecrated.
Bohemund II of Antioch (d. 1131)
Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (d. 1171)
Leopold IV, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1141)
July 29 – King Philip I of France (b. 1052)
Saint Alberic
December 4 – First Crusade: The Crusaders conquer Sidon.
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor invades Italy.
Inge the Younger becomes joint king of Sweden with his brother Philip.
The Russian Primary Chronicle ends.
Construction begins on Fontevraud Abbey in France.
Beirut and Sidon are captured by the Crusaders.
Mawdud of Mosul captures all land belonging to the Crusader County of Edessa east of the Euphrates.
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus renews his war with the Seljuk Turks.
Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Gyalwa Karmapa (d. 1193)
St. Euphrosyne of Polatsk, a Belarusian saint and princess (d. 1173)
Hugh VI of Lusignan
Crusaders and Seljuk Turks fought the Battle of Shaizar in Syria to a draw.
The Song Dynasty, Chinese Donglin Academy is established.
May 24 – The commune of Laus is destroyed by Milanese troops.
Baldwin VII becomes Count of Flanders.
Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Paschal II.
Santarém and Sintra are captured by the Almoravid troops of the general Sir ibn Abi Bakr.
The efforts of the Berbers to reconquer lost ground lead to the sack of Coimbra.
The same year, the city had experienced the sole urban rebellion against their lord to take place in Portugal.
Alfonso VII becomes King of Galicia.
The Synod of Rathbreasail marks the transition of the Irish church from a monastic to a diocesan structure.
February 22 – Roger Borsa, King of Sicily (b. 1078)
March 3 – Prince Bohemund I of Antioch (b. 1058)
October 5 – Robert II, Count of Flanders (b. 1065)
Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali, Persian theologian (b. 1058)
Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys
Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys in eastern Wales
Richard II of Gaeta, consul and duke of Gaeta
Otto II, Count of Habsburg
Antipope Sylvester IV
Ōe no Masafusa, scholar and tutor (b. 1041)
Robert of Molesme, Christian saint and abbot (b. 1027)
The count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer III, obtains the county of Provence due to his marriage with the heiress, Douce.
The people of Laon, France, proclaim a commune and murder their bishop.
Salzwedel, Germany is founded.
The German state of Baden is founded.
Afonso I becomes Count of Portugal.
Otto of Ballenstedt is made Duke of Saxony by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Anonymus Gallus begins to write Gesta principium Polonorum to Boleslaw III.
October 5 – Sigebert of Gembloux, French chronicler
Tancred, Prince of Galilee, crusader (b. 1072)
Giorgi II of Georgia
Henry, Count of Portugal (b. 1066)
Bertrand of Toulouse, count of Toulouse, and the first count of Tripoli.
Ghibbelin of Arles, Archbishop of Arles (b. c. 1045)
Apus is a constellation in the southern sky.
It is hard to see because it is not very bright.
Apus means "no feet" in Greek.
It was named "no feet" because it looks like a Bird-of-Paradise, and people used to think that birds-of-paradise did not have feet.
Pierre Abélard opens his school in Paris.
Alaungsithu succeeds Kyanzittha as king of Burma.
Suryavarman I's reign begins in the Khmer Empire.
Bridlington Priory is started.
The Order of the Knights of the Hospital of Saint John started to protect pilgrims to the Holy Land, swears to fight in its defense.
A riot starts in Kiev.
The Republic of Florence takes over the neighboring city of Montecascioli as part of its effort to extend its control over the contado.
Unsuccessful attempt of Queen Urraca to take over Burgos defended by her ex-husband King Alfonso.
January 11 – Wang Chongyang, Chinese Daoist and co-founder of the Quanzhen School (d. 1170)
August 24 – Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (d. 1151)
Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Zupan
April 13 – Ida of Lorraine, saint and noblewoman (b. c. 1040)
April 16 – Sviatopolk II of Kiev, Russian ruler (b. 1050)
August 4 – Gertrude of Saxony, Countess and regent of Holland (b. c. 1030)
December 10 – Radwan, ruler of Aleppo
Wanyan Wuyashu, chief of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe (b. 1061)
Ara is a constellation in the southern sky.
Ara means altar in Latin.
It was one of the 48 constellations written down by the astronomer named Ptolemy in the 2nd century.
It is also one of the 88 modern constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.
In Greek mythology, Ara is the altar where Zeus and his brothers and sisters said that they were going to win in a war against Cronos and the other Titans.
It is also where people burned incense to show that they appreciated Zeus.
The Greek poet named Aratus said that if sailors could see the constellation Ara, it meant that there was going to be wind blowing from the south.
The Stingray Nebula is in Ara.
It is the  planetary nebula that was created most recently.
The Song Dynasty emperor Huizong sends a gift of Chinese musical instruments for use in royal banquets to the Goryeo court of Korea, by request from the Goryeo king Yejong.
January 7 – Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, marries Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and his Pisan allies, takes over Ibiza and Mallorca.
The Almoravid governor of Zaragoza, Muhàmmad ibn al-Hajj, launches an offensive against the County of Barcelona but is defeated at the Battle of Martorell by Ramon Berenguer III.
As part of the Norman expansion southward, the count Routrou II of Perche enters the service of the king of Castille, Alfonso the Battler.
The Polovtsy attack the Byzantine Empire.
Otto of Freising, German bishop and historian (approximate date; d. 1158)
Gerard of Cremona, Italian translator of scientific works (approximate date; d. 1187)
Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (d. 1152)
Bhaskara II, Indian mathematician
Nestor the Chronicler, Slavic historian (approximate date) (b. c. 1056)
Koloman, ban (ruler) of Croatia
Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. Bernard.
Anselm of Laon becomes archdeacon of Laon.
Hugh of St. Victor joins the Victorines in Paris.
Pierre Abélard becomes canon of Notre Dame de Paris.
Stephen of England becomes count of Mortain.
Battle of Welfesholz: Lothair I of Supplinburg defeats Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Arnulf of Chocques is accused of sexual relations with a Muslim woman, and is briefly removed from his position as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
The Jurchen start the Jin Dynasty of China.
The Crusader castle of Montreal is built by Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
Roger of Salerno's Crusaders stop the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Sarmin in Syria.
The Mixtec lord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw is defeated in battle and sacrificed by a group of city-states led by his brother-in-law
Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare (d. 1153)
July 24 – Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (b. 1046)
November 8 – Godfrey of Amiens, bishop of Amiens and Catholic saint.
Adela of Flanders, queen of Denmark, regent of Apulia
Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine
King Olaf Magnusson of Norway (b. 1099)
Eight Deer Jaguar Claw, Mixtec ruler
Baldwin I of Jerusalem begins an invasion of Egypt.
The Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya, Ali ibn Yahya, takes over the independent island of Jerba, then acting as an independent piratical republic.
The Aztecs leave Aztlán, searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán (later Mexico City).
The Portuguese, under the leadership of countess Theresa take two Galician cities, Tui and Ourense.
In reply, the sister of Countess Theresa, Queen Urraca of Leon and Castile, attacks Portugal.
Almoravid troops take over the Balearic islands whose Muslim king had been severely weakened by Pisan and Catalan raiders.
Arts and technology
The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China.
Construction starts on the Chennakesava Temple in India.
Aak music is introduced to the Korean court by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.
Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (d. 1173)
February 3 – Coloman of Hungary (b. 1070)
February 25 – Robert of Arbrissel, a preacher and founder of the abbey of Fontevrault (b. c. 1045)
The Song Dynasty governor of the seaport of Quanzhou, Fujian, China, reports the population of his city has reached 500,000.
August–September (the eighth month of the Chinese calendar) – Wanyan Xiyin completes the design of the first version of the Jurchen script
January 16 – The Council of Nablus is held in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
June 17 – at the Battle of Cutanda, the Aragonese troops of Alfonso I defeat the Almoravid army.
November 25 – The White Ship is wrecked in the English Channel, resulting in the death of the son of King Henry I of England.
Walcher of Malvern creates a system of measurement for the earth using degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude.
Construction begins on Llandaff Cathedral in Wales.
Foundation of Freiburg in Breisgau.
Under admirals Abu Abd Allah ibn Maymum of Almeria and Isa ibn Mayum of Sevilla, the Almoravid fleet attacks the Christian kingdom of Galicia.
Ioveta of Bethany, daughter of Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Louis VII of France (d. 1180)
November 25 – William Adelin, son of Henry I of England (sinking of the White Ship) (b. 1103)
September 3 – Gerard Thom (The Blessed Gerard), founder of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c. 1040)
Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (b. 1094)
Conflict between the independent republics of Mahdia and Gabes in Ifriqiya.
Madhia is supported by the Zirid dynasty while Gabes receives the aid of the Roger I of Sicily.
Pelusium is destroyed by Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
Miidera and the sohei of Enryakuji attack Nara, Japan.
Borivoj II of Bohemia becomes prince in place of Vladislav I of Bohemia.
The people of Santiago de Compostela (present-day Spain) try to burn their prelate in his palace, along with the queen.
Iceland ends slavery.
Short-lived Almoravid reconquest of Coimbra (Portugal).
May 3 – Merton Priory (Thomas Becket School) is consecrated.
The earliest use of a compass for navigational purposes is recorded.
Humphrey II of Toron, Constable of Jerusalem
April 16 – Saint Magnus, Earl of Orkney (executed)
December 9 – Gertrud of Brunswick, Markgräfin of Meißen
Anselm of Laon, French theologian
Ivo of Chartres, French canon lawyer (b. 1040)
Bertrade de Montfort, wife of Fulk IV of Anjou and Philip I of France
Li Zhiyi, Chinese poet
June 28 – Battle of Ager Sanguinis: Ilghazi, the ruler of Aleppo, wipes out a Crusader army from the Principality of Antioch.
August 14 – Battle of Hab: Baldwin II of Jerusalem's Crusaders defeat Ilghazi's army, saving Antioch.
August 20 – Battle of Bremule: Henry I of England routs Louis VI.
September 19 – Severe Earthquake in Gloucestershire & Warwickshire, England.
Robert Bruce, 1st Lord of Cleveland and Annandale, grants and confirms the church of St. Hilda of Middleburg (Middlesbrough) to Whitby.
February 2 – Pope Callixtus II succeeds Pope Gelasius II as the 162nd pope.
Knights Templar Founded by Hugh de Payns.
Councils of Toulouse and Reims.
The archbishop of Tarragona, Oleguer Bonestruga, preaches about a Crusade against the Moors in Catalonia.
In Toulouse, condemnation by the Church of the Petrobrusian heresy.
In his Pingzhou Table Talks published in this year, the Song Dynasty Chinese writer Zhu Yu writes of the earliest known use of separate hull compartments in ships.
Zhu Yu's book is the first to report the use of a magnetic compass for navigation at sea, although the first actual description of the magnetic compass is by another Chinese writer Shen Kuo in his Dream Pool Essays published in 1088.
July 7 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1176)
January 24 – Pope Gelasius II
July 17 – Baldwin VII of Flanders
Alan IV, Duke of Brittany
Roger of Salerno, regent of Antioch
Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick
Béjaïa becomes the capital of the Hammadid Dynasty in Algeria.
Third expedition of the Almoravid army in al-Andalus who subdue the taifas kingdoms.
Córdoba, Seville, Grenada, Málaga, Almería and Ronda fall to the troops of Yusuf ibn Tashfin.
Troubadours begin playing in Provence.
Song Dynasty Chinese writer Qin Guan writes the Can Shu (Book of Sericulture), which describes a silk-reeling machine that has the world's oldest known mechanical belt drive.
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153)
Eliezer ben Nathan of Mainz
Qin Hui, Chinese Song Dynasty Prime Minister (d. 1155)
June 26 – Jaromír (Bishop of Prague)
July 3 – Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen (b. c. 1060)
October 6 – Saint Adalbero
Rama Varma Kulashekhara is crowned in Kerala.
Palmyra is destroyed by an earthquake.
Northumbria is divided by the Normans into the counties of Northumberland, County Palatine of Durham, Yorkshire, Westmorland and Lancashire.
August 11 – A powerful earthquake is recorded in Britain.
June 22 – Gaston IV of Bearn and the Frankish crusaders take the Aragonese city of Monzón from the emir of Zaragoza.
Cîteaux Abbey, the first Cistercian monastery, is founded in southern France.
The Synod of Melfi under Pope Urban II issued decrees against simony and the clerical marriage.
Dahui Zonggao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1163)
Han Shizhong, Chinese general (d. 1151)
May 24 – Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury
May 31 – Sigwin von Are, Archbishop of Cologne
September 29 (or 30) – Theobald III, Count of Blois
November 11 – Saint Peter Igneus, Italian Benedictine monk
Argonautica is a Greek epic poem by Apollonius of Rhodes.
It was written in the 3rd century BC.
It tells the story of Jason and the Golden Fleece.
King William II of England invades Normandy.
Ladislaus I of Hungary occupies Slavonia.
King Stjepan II of Croatia, the last member of the Trpimirović dynasty, died without leaving anyone to inherit his thrown and title.
October 17 – London Tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in St Mary-le-Bow of London, England; the storm destroys London Bridge.
Henry, the third son of William the Conqueror, is forced to give up his property of Cotentin in Normandy after his two older brothers, William Rufus and Robert Curthose, make a peace agreement.
King Malcolm III of Scotland makes an unsuccessful attempt to invade English territory, but is finally forced to give a public statement of allegiance to King William II of England.
Cardiff Castle is built.
April 29 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs surround and attack Constantinople, but are defeated so completely by Emperor Alexius I that they are completely eliminated.
February; With the taking of Noto, the Normans complete the 30 year long takeover of Sicily from the Islamic rulers.
The Islamic Abbadid dynasty ruling in Spain falls when the Almoravids storm Seville.
Faced with this new threat, the king of Badajoz, al-Mutawakkil ibn al-Aftas, got the support of Castile in exchange for the Muslim positions on the Tagus river — Sintra, Santarém and Lisbon.
Roger Guiscard takes Malta.
Athanasius VI bar Khamoro becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
June 17 – Dirk V, Count of Holland
July 5 – Abbot William of Hirsau
August 25 – Sisnando Davides, military leader
December 19 – Adelaide of Susa, margravine of Turin
date unknown –
May 9 – Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated.
High tides cause great flooding in England and Scotland.
The Kentish lands of Earl Godwin flooded and are now known as the Goodwin Sands
The Song Dynasty Chinese scientist and statesman Su Song publishes his Xin Yi Xiang Fa Yao, a treatise outlining the construction and operation of his complex astronomical clocktower built in Kaifeng, China.
It also includes a celestial atlas of five star maps.
Kingdom of England annexes Cumbria from the Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde.
Adélaide de Maurienne, queen of France (d. 1154)
Foulques V, Count of Anjou and King of Jerusalem
January 14 – King Vratislaus II of Bohemia
May 7 – Remigius de Fécamp, first Bishop of Lincoln
September – Jordan of Hauteville, military commander in Sicily
September 6 – Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia
October 14 – Nizam al-Mulk, Seljuk vizier (b. 1018)
November 19 – Melik Şah I, Seljuk Sultan
February 7 – Battle of Montesarchio: Prince Pandulf IV of Benevento is killed fighting the Normans.
November 25 – Magreb brings the Tengizi islands together, and becomes the first king of the Kingdom of Tengiz.
The Liao Dynasty emperor says no to the idea of all Khitan people using surnames.
February 12 – King Conrad of Germany and Italy (d. 1101)
Edgar of Scotland (d. 1107)
April 25 – Hermann I, Margrave of Baden
February – Pope Gregory VII holds a council that publishes a decree against lay investiture.
April – Pope Gregory VII publishes the Dictatus Papae (Sayings of the Pope, aka the Dictates of Hildebrand), in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
Revolt of the Earls: Three earls rebel against William I of England (William the Conqueror), in the last serious act of resistance to the Norman Conquest.
First Battle of Langensalza: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Saxon nobles and subjugates Saxony.
The Liao Dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripitaka is completed (approximate date).
Anund Gårdske is removed as king of Svealand and king Håkan the Red of Gothenland makes himself king of all Sweden.
The Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem from the Fatimids.
Lý dynasty forces under Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam against invasion by Song Dynasty China.
The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo solves a border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by finding old diplomatic records; he argues Emperor Daozong of Liao's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern Pingquan in Hebei), and reestablishes the Song's borders.
June 9 – Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1137)
Saint Magnus Erlendsson (d. 1116 or 1117)
Adelaide del Vasto (d. 1118)
Orderic Vitalis, monk and historian (approximate date)
June 10 – Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)
August 2 – Patriarch John VIII of Constantinople
December 4 – Anno II, archbishop of Cologne
December 19 – Edith of Wessex, queen of Edward the Confessor of England
John Xiphilinus, Byzantine historian
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, King of Gwynedd
Peter Krešimir IV, King of Croatia
The Almoravids complete the conquest of the Ghana Empire, and reach Spain.
The Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea and Jerusalem.
Suleyman I of Rûm becomes the leader of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in modern Turkey.
Anush Tigin Gharchai becomes, as a Seljuk vassal, leader of the Khwarezmid Empire.
January 26 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication.
January 28 – Walk to Canossa: The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.
The first Parliament of Friuli is created.
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor granted the county of Friuli, with ducal status, to Sigaerd, Patriarch of Aquileia.
Robert Curthose starts his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror, in Normandy.
The kingdom of Duklja is founded.
The first recorded Trial by combat is held in England.
Vsevolod of Kiev becomes the prince of Kievan Rus'.
Alfonso VI of Castile conquers Coria.
Pope Gregory VII places the island of Corsica under the secular rule of the archbishop of Pisa.
Hugh of Burgundy supports the king of Aragon in his conquest of the castle of Muñones from the emir of Zaragossa.
The Bayeux Tapestry is made.
The first English Cluniac Benedictine priory is established, at Lewes.
Paul of Caen becomes Abbot of St Albans in England; the building of St Albans Abbey Church commences.
Pope Christodolos of Alexandria ends his reign as Coptic Pope.
Dionysius V Lazaros becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
Joseph ibn Migash, rabbi (d. 1141)
April 25 – Geza I of Hungary
Agnes de Poitou, wife of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor and regent (b. 1020)
King Anawrahta of Burma (b. 1044)
Abolfazl Beyhaghi, Persian historian and writer (b. 995)
Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher, cosmologist, poet and historian (b. 1011)
Zhang Zai, Chinese Neo-Confucian moral philosopher and cosmologist (b. 1020)
Shawn Drover (born May 5, 1966) is a Canadian musician.
He is best known as the drummer of the American heavy metal band Megadeth.
Drover joined the band in 2004 five days before "Blackmail The Universe Tour" and replaced Nick Menza who wasn't able to prepare for the physical demands of a full US tour.
Drover also plays guitar and he played guitar during the "Blackmail The Universe Tour" in Kawasaki, Japan on April 3, 2005.
He also played in the band with his brother Glen Drover and switched instruments with him during the songs "Paranoid" and the second half of "Peace Sells".
After Glen quit the band, Shawn suggested that Chris Broderick replace Glen.
Drover showed videos of Broderick playing both the classical and electric guitar to Dave Mustaine and Mustaine got in contact with Broderick.
Broderick was named the new guitarist for Megadeth two weeks after.
On November 25th, 2014, he announced that he leaving Megadeth.
He announced this one day before guitarist Chris Broderick announced that he was leaving the band as well.
Open All Hours is a British television sitcom written by Roy Clarke.
It was broadcast by the BBC from 1973-1985.
It is set in a small grocery shop in Balby, Doncaster, South Yorkshire.
It stars Ronnie Barker as the owner Albert Arkwright and David Jason as his nephew Granville, who works for him.
Lynda Baron plays nurse Gladys Emanuel, whom Arkwright is strongly attracted to.
It was followed in 2013 by Still Open All Hours.
1985 disestablishments in Europe
Persian astronomer, Omar Khayyám, determined the length of the year as 365.24219858156 days which has been the most accurate calculation of old times.
Khayyam also wrote Demonstrations of Problems in Algebra, produced a complete classification of cubic equations and their geometric answers.
Murder of Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów (pol.
Stanisław ze Szczepanowa) by Polish King Bolesław II the Bold
Upon the death of Håkan the Red, Halsten returns as king of Sweden, jointly with his brother Inge the Elder.
Ladislaus Herman succeeds Boleslaus II in Poland.
William I of England establishes the New Forest.
Constance of Burgundy founds a monastery in Burgos.
August 8 – Emperor Horikawa of Japan (d. 1107)
Peter Abelard, French scholastic philosopher (d. 1142)
April 11 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków
Håkan the Red, king of Gothenland since 1070 and king of Sweden since 1075
Intel Atom (made as Intel Centrino (2003-2010) in 2003) (formerly called Centrino Atom (2008-2009)) is a low-power x86 Microprocessor.
It was created by Intel for netbooks, smartphones, tablet computers, and embedded systems.
It was created to compete with the ARM CPU.
Its performance per watt is still not as good as the ARM, although the overall performance is better.
For a given clock speed, the performance is about the same as a Pentium 4, but the power consumption is much lower.
Harrying of the North: King William of England (William the Conqueror) reacts to rebellions made by his Anglo Saxon subjects against him.
He rides through the north of England with his army and burns houses, crops, cattle and land from York to Durham, which results in the deaths of over 100,000 people, mainly from starvation and winter cold.
William the Conqueror founds the Norman Selby Abbey.
Abbad III al-Mu'tamid succeeds his father on the throne of Sevilla.
Shenzong appoints Wang Anshi as his chief counsellor.
Wang Anshi, chancellor of the Chinese Song Dynasty, implements the New Policies, which include financial reforms, raising the salaries of officials to reduce corruption, institution of the baojia system, etc.
Start of Nam tiến, the southward expansion of the territory of Vietnam.
Magnus II of Norway dies and Olav III becomes sole King of Norway.
The Seljuk Turks fail to capture Iconium, following a Byzantine counter-attack launched from Syria.
Aldred, archbishop of York
Ibn Hazm, Muslim philosopher and theologian
December 28 – Westminster Abbey is declared sacred.
The kingdoms of Galicia and Portugal become independent under the rule of Garcia.
Sima Guang, high chancellor of the Chinese Song Dynasty, heads a team of scholars in initiating the compilation of an enormous written universal history of China, known as the Zizhi Tongjian.
Ferdinand I of León
Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac.
It is in the Northern Hemisphere.
Aries is Latin for ram - a male sheep.
Its symbol is  (), which represents a ram's horns.
Aries had the meaning of a ram four thousand years ago in Babylonia.
It represents the ram whose fleece (hair) became the Golden Fleece in Ancient Greek Mythology.
The astronomer Ptolemy listed Aries when he made a list of 48 constellations.
Successful Pisan naval assault upon Muslim-ruled Palermo led by Giovanni Orlandi to support the ambitions of Roger of Hauteville.
May 8 – The allied Muslim and Christian troops of the king of Castile and the emir of Zaragoza, maybe led by El Cid, defeat the Aragonese army at the battle of Graus.
The king of Aragon, Ramiro I, is killed, his son succeeds him.
The River Thames is frozen for 14 weeks.
The Pizhi Pagoda of Lingyan Temple, Shandong, China is completed, standing at a height of 54 m (177 ft) tall.
The construction of present building of St Mark's Basilica is begun.
Anselm, later to become Archbishop of Canterbury, becomes prior at the Abbey of Bec.
The Bishopric of Olomouc is founded.
Yuanwu Keqin, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1135)
Eight Deer Jaguar Claw, Mixtec Lord and founder of the pre-Columbian city of Tututepec.
March 21 – Blessed Richeza of Lotharingia, wife of King Mieszko II of Poland (990–1034)
April 30 – Emperor Renzong of Song (b. 1010)
August 5 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Gwynedd