the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Governor John Carver, signed a treaty with this chief and they became friends.
They all promised to help and defend each other.
In August 1621 a leader named Corbitant tried to turn the people of Nemasket against Massasoit.
Standish led a group of ten men to kill Corbitant.
Three Native Americans, Squanto, Hobomock and Tisquantum went with them.
When Tisquantum and Hobbamock went to Nemasket, Corbitant took Tisquantum captive and threatened to kill him.
Hobbamock got away and warned the people of Plymouth.
Standish planned an attack.
Standish and Hobbamock went to where they thought Corbitant would be sleeping but he had already fled the village.
They did not kill Corbitant but because the colonist were willing to fight, if necessary, nine other leaders, and Corbitant, signed a treaty with the leaders of Plymouth.
In November 1621, a Narragansett messenger came to Plymouth with a bundle of arrows wrapped in a snakeskin.
The Pilgrims were told by Tisquantum and Hobbamock that this was a threat and an insult from the Narragansett leader who was called Canonicus.
This was one of the more powerful tribes in the area.
Bradford sent back the snakeskin filled with gunpowder to show them they were not afraid.
Standish told the colonists to prepare for a possible fight.
The ship Fortune had brought some more men to the colony but there were still not very many men.
Standish put one man to each wall and gave them orders on how to protect themselves and the people in case of an attack.
Bradford called a public meeting.
The Pilgrims decided to send Standish and a small group of eight, including Hobbamock, to Wessagusset to kill the leaders who wanted kill them.
The day after Pecksuot, a Massachusett warrior and leader of the group who threatened Wessagusset, came to the settlement with other warriors.
Pecksuot approached Standish and, looking down on him, said, "You are a great captain, yet you are but a little man.
Though I not a chief, I am of great strength and courage."
He said this to make Standish afraid of him.
The next day, Standish attacked Pecksuot, and stabbed him with the Native American's own knife.
Standish returned to Plymouth.
The leaders who wished them harm had been killed and there was no more threat.
The attack also caused many of the unfriendly Native Americans to leave the area.
Standish showed great courage and skill as a soldier but sometimes was too harsh with the Native Americans.
This would make both the Native Americans and the members of the colony angry.
By the 1640s, Standish was leading a quiet life on his farm in Duxbury.
Standish also served as a surveyor of highways, as Treasurer of the Colony from 1644 to 1649.
In 1642, his old friend Hobbamock, who had been part of his household, died and was buried on Standish's farm in Duxbury.
Standish put Lieutenant William Holmes in charge of training the men.
He died in his home in 1656.
He was buried in Duxbury's Old Burying Ground, now known as the Myles Standish Burial Ground.
Marriages and family
Standish's first wife, Rose, died in 1621.
She was buried in an unmarked grave at Cole's Hill as were many others who died the first winter and named on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb as "Rose, first wife of Myles Standish".
Standish then married Barbara who died in 1659  They had seven children and her burial place is unknown.
Their children were named, Charles, John, Myles, Loara, and Josiah and (again) Charles.
The first child named Charles died.
There are two monuments to Myles Standish.
One is placed over his grave at the Myles Standish Burial Ground.
Standish, Maine, is named after Myles Standish.
There are two forts named after Standish: a fort on Plymouth's Saquish Neck built during the American Civil War and a larger fort built in Boston Harbor in 1895.
Mayflower passengers
People buried in the Myles Standish Burial Ground, Duxbury, Massachusetts
The scientific revolution was a time (1550-1700) following the Middle Ages and the Renaissance when many discoveries were made.
During this time, new ideas and discoveries fundamentally changed the way people thought; they also forced people to think differently, and started what is called science today.
Better printing presses after Johannes Gutenberg's time caused a great rise in publishing.
This period roughly lasted from the 16th to the 18th century.
Galileo Galilei invented kinematics and disproved Aristotle's old theory of gravity.
One of his students said he dropped two balls of iron (one weighing one pound, the other a hundred) off the leaning tower of Pisa.
The objects fell at the same speed which brought about new methods of thinking in that time period.
In 1542, Nicolaus Copernicus published his work On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, in which he said that not the earth, but the sun was at the center of the universe.
This theory is known as Heliocentrism today.
In the same year, Andreas Vesalius pubilshed his work  On the Structure of the Human Body.
This book is about the anatomy of the human body.
The philosopher Alexandre Koyré (18921964) first used the term 'scientific revolution'  for this time period.
Jack the Giant Killer is a 2013 fantasy/adventure movie.
It stars Nicholas Hoult as the title character.
This movie is based on the fairy tale of the same name.
2013 movies
Richard Percy "Dick" Jones (February 25, 1927 – July 7, 2014) was an American actor.
He voiced Pinocchio in the second animated Disney movie, Pinocchio.
Carolyn Hennesy (born June 10, 1962) is an American actress.
She was the voice of Bambi's mother in the movie Bambi II.
Carolyn Hennesy Official site
Papillon (book), a memoir by Henri Charriere
Papillon (movie), a 1973 movie starring Steve McQueen, based on the book
Papillon (dog), a breed of fluffy dog
The District of Durrës is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is part of Durrës County.
There are 242,801 people who live here.
The capital is Durrës.
The District of Elbasan is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is part of Elbasan County.
There are 224,689 people who live in the district.
The capital is Elbasan.
The District of Fier is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is part of Fier County.
There are199,442 people who live here.
The District of Gjirokastër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are about 56,720 people.
Many of its people are Greek.
It is part of Gjirokastër County.
The District of Gramsh is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 24,230 people.
The capital is Gramsh.
The District of Has is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 17,419 people.
It is part of Kukës County.
The capital and only municipality is Krumë.
The District of Kavajë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 82,921 people.
The capital is Kavajë.
The Kolonjë District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 14,318 people.
The capital is Ersekë.
The District of Korçë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is the second-largest district.
138,898 people live in the Korce District.
The District of Krujë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 67,698 people.
The capital is Krujë.
The District of Kukës is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 45,616 people.
The District of Kurbin is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is part of Lezhë County.
There are 54,977 people.
The capital is Laç.
The District of Lezhë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 77,184 people.
The District of Librazhd is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 63,192 people.
The capital is Librazhd.
The District of Lushnjë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 143,276 people.
The capital is Lushnjë.
American Bandstand is an American music and amateur dance show.
It was televised in various versions from 1952 to 1989.
It was hosted from 1956 until its final season by Dick Clark.
He was also its producer.
The show "starred" teenagers off the street dancing to Top 40 hits introduced by Clark.
At least one popular musical act would usually appear in person to lip sync one of their latest hits.
Dick Clark became an American media mogul as a result of the show.
It also inspired similar music programs, such as Soul Train and Top of the Pops.
American television
The Malësi e Madhe District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is part of Shkodër County.
There are 36,091 people.
The capital is Koplik.
The District of Mallakastër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 31,356 people.
The capital is Ballsh.
The District of Mat is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 48,803 people.
The capital is Burrel.
The District of Mirditë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 26,668 people.
The capital is Rrëshen.
The District of Peqin is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 31,004 people.
The capital is Peqin.
The District of Përmet is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 22,029 people.
The capital is Përmet.
The District of Pogradec is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 70,575 people.
The capital is Pogradec.
The District of Pukë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 24,323 people.
The capital is Pukë.
The District of Sarandë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
It is in Vlorë County.
There are 48,474 people.
The capital is the city of Sarandë.
The District of Shkodër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are185,646 people.
The capital is Shkodër.
The District of Skrapar is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 10,200 people.
The capital is Çorovodë.
The District of Tepelenë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 23,800 people.
The capital is Tepelenë.
Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest (which was earlier called Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve) is a New Year's show that was originally hosted by Dick Clark until he had a stroke during 2004.
It airs on ABC.
It takes place in Times Square on December 31 of every year.
It shows the yearly New Year's Eve ball drop.
On December 31, 2004, Regis Philbin hosted the show because of Clark's stroke.
The show has been hosted by Ryan Seacrest on New Year's Eve since December 31, 2005.
Seacrest hosted with Clark until Clark's death in 2012.
Actress Jenny McCarthy, Singer Lucy Hale, Singer Jessie James Decker, Singer Billy Porter and Comedian Liza Koshy have reported for this show from Los Angeles and Times Square, respectively.
Show's history
In the December 31, 1999 show, it was called ABC 2000 Today because 2000 would mark a new millennium.
Peter Jennings hosted this show.
The District of Tirana is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 717,426 people.
The District of Tropojë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 16,260 people.
The capital is Bajram Curri.
The District of Vlorë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.
There are 151,314 people.
The Albanian Armed Forces were formed after the declaration of independence in 1912.
There is the General Staff, the Albanian Army, the Albanian Air Force and the Albanian Naval Defense Forces.
Although there were earlier Albanian armies the modern forces were founded in 1912.
In 1928 it had 8.000 soldiers.
The army grew up to 511.000 soldiers during the communist era due to forced conscription.
Mount Korab is the highest mountain of North Macedonia and Albania.
Its peak is a border between the two countries.
The lek is the money used in Albania.
For values higher than 1 it is called lekë.
100 qindarka make 1 lek but qindarka are not used any more.
The lek was formed in 1926 by King Zog and it is named after Alexander the Great.
Banknotes of Albania
The Principality of Arbër, also known as Arbanon or Arbëria, was the first Albanian state.
It existed during the Middle Ages.
It was formed around 1190.
The Principality ended in 1255.
1190 establishments
1255 disestablishments
The League of Lezhë (2 March 1444 – 25 April 1479) was a group of Albanian principalities.
It was formed in Lezhë on 2 March 1444.
It was the first time all of Albania was together as a country.
It was started by Skanderbeg to fight the Ottoman Armies.
1440s establishments in Europe
1444 establishments
Yttrium oxide is Y2O3.
Yttrium oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science as well as inorganic compounds.
Yttrium oxide information at Webelements.
External MSDS Data Sheet .
Karen Allen (born October 5 1951 in Carrollton, Illinois) is a theatre and movie actress.
Mainly a stage actress, she started by playing small parts in movies.
She is best known as Marion Ravenwood in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981).
Allen also costarred in the sequel Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008).
Bullet to the Head is a 2012 action thriller movie.
Sylvester Stallone and Christian Slater star.
The earlier plays a hitman.
In New Orleans, hitman Jimmy Bobo and his partner Louis Blanchard kill a corrupt former Washington, D.C. policeman, Hank Greely.
Bobo leaves a prostitute, Lola, alive.
Later, at a bar, Blanchard is murdered by a man named Keegan.
The man also threatens to kill Bobo.
Bobo and Detective Taylor Kwon meet each other in a bar.
Kwon informs Bobo he knows Bobo and Blanchard killed Greely.
Bobo leaves, and Kwon tries to follow him.
Kwon is attacked by corrupt cops who were ordered by a man named Robert Morel to prevent Kwon from further investigating about Greely.
Bobo rescues Kwon and takes him to a tattoo parlor.
There, Bobo's estranged daughter, Lisa, treats Kwon's wounds.
They later go to a massage parlor, where Bobo interrogates a middleman named Ronnie Earl, the man who hired Bobo and Blanchard on Morel's behalf.
Ronnie Earl tries to kill Bobo.
Bobo then kills Ronnie Earl, though his gun jams.
Bobo and Kwon agree to work together.
They kidnap Morel's lawyer Marcus Baptiste and take him to Bobo's house.
Baptiste is forced to give them a USB flash drive, which details Morel's plans to acquire housing projects and demolish them.
Baptiste reveals Keegan is an ex-mercenary hired to be Morel's enforcer.
After that, Bobo shoots him in the head.
Sylvester Stallone as James "Jimmy Bobo" Bonomo
Sung Kang as Detective Taylor Kwon
Sarah Shahi as Lisa Bonomo
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Robert Nkomo Morel
Christian Slater as Marcus Baptiste
Jason Momoa as Keegan
Jon Seda as Louis Blanchard
Holt McCallany as Hank Greely
Brian Van Holt as Ronnie Earl
Weronika Rosati as Lola
Dane Rhodes as Lieutenant Lebreton
Marcus Lyle Brown as Detective Towne
Douglas M. Griffin as Baby Jack
Rotten Tomatoes gave Bullet to the Head a 47% rating.
Metacritic gave the movie a 48 score, meaning "mixed or average reviews".
Jay Weissberg of Variety magazine called it a "kickass actioner driven by personality rather than plot."
Bullet to the Head was Stallone's worst opening weekend box office in 32 years.
The movie only took in almost $22 million, failing to bring back its $55 million budget.
Christian Slater (born August 18 1969) is an American movie actor.
He has acted in many movies, which include Broken Arrow, Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles and Heathers.
Christian Slater's Official Site
A respirator is a kind of mask that is used to protect someone from breathing in dusts, fumes, or gases that might hurt them.
Respirators come in many types and sizes.
They are used by the military and industrial workers.
Small shelly fossils (SSF), or small shelly fauna, are tiny fossils, many only a few millimetres long.
They have a record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian period.
Almost all are from earlier rocks than more familiar fossils such as trilobites.
Most SSFs were preserved by being covered quickly with phosphate.
This method of preservation is mainly limited to the later Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods, so the animals that made them may have arisen earlier and continued after this time.
Some of the fossils represent the entire skeletons of small organisms, including the mysterious Cloudina and some snail-like molluscs.
However, the bulk of the fossils are fragments or parts of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have been close to the ancestors of arthropods.
One of the early explanations for the appearance of the SSFs – and the evolution of mineralized skeletons – is a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration of calcium.
However, many SSFs are made of other minerals, such as silica.
The first SSFs appear around the same time as organisms first started burrowing to avoid predation, so it is likely that they represent early steps in an evolutionary arms race between predators and increasingly well-defended prey.
Nevertheless, it is still true that the animals used minerals that were most easily accessible.
The small size and (usually) broken nature of SSFs makes them difficult to identify and classify.
However, they provide evidence for how the main groups of marine invertebrates evolved, and for the pace and pattern of evolution in the Cambrian explosion.
They include the earliest known representatives of some modern phyla, and they have the great advantage of presenting a nearly continuous record of early Cambrian organisms whose bodies include hard parts.
Harold Elwin "Bo" Bice, Jr (born November 1, 1975) is an American singer.
He was a runner-up on American Idol.
In 2003, Bice was arrested for possession of marijuana, drug paraphernalia and public intoxication.
He avoided jail time by agreeing to enter a drug program.
Walter Pidgeon (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian actor.
He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
He starred in many movies, including Forbidden Planet.
He died in Santa Monica, California.
The Greeks of Albania are ethnic Greeks who live in Albania.
They are mostly in the south of the country.
The Treaty of London was a treaty signed on 30 May.
It was to move the borders of countries after the First Balkan War.
The Balkan League won the war from the Ottoman Empire.
The Balkan League was Serbia, Greece, Kingdom of Bulgaria, and Montenegro.
One important border to decide was Albania.
There was a declaration of independence by Albania on 28 November 1912.
All of the Ottoman Empire, except Albania, was given to the Balkan League.
Because not everyone was happy with the Treaty of London, the Second Balkan War started on June 13.
Peace came after theTreaty of Bucharest on 12 August 1913.
London 1913
1910s in England
Loretta Young (born Gretchen Young, January 6, 1913 - August 12, 2000) was an American actress.
Young was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California when she was three.
Her sisters were actresses Polly Ann Young (1908-1997) and Sally Blane (1910-1997).
Young won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Farmer's Daughter.
She won three Emmy Awards in the 1950s and a Golden Globe Award in 1986.
She died of ovarian cancer in Los Angeles.
The Constitution of Albania started on 28 November 1998.
It made Albania a parliamentary republic.
The constitution makes 140 deputies who elect the President of Albania and the Council of Ministers.
The Council is the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister.
Politics of Albania
The president of Albania  (), officially styled President of the Republic of Albania () is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.
List of presidents (1925–present)
The prime minister of Albania  (), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics.
Napa is a city in the U.S. state of California.
It is the county seat of Napa County.
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts) is part of Disney Studios Corporation.
The best well-known when, Disney sold their 50% of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, Disney Consumer Products began licensing the characters of Disney such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Snow White, Cinderella, Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, Darth Vader, Bettgum, Spider-Man, Batman and Superman for use in the parks.
Disney Vacation Club
Adventures by Disney
Disney Regional Entertainment
Walt Disney Creative Entertainment
Madeleine Astor (19 June 1893 – 27 March 1940) was an American socialite, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
She was married to John Jacob Astor IV.
Madeleine passed away on March 27, 1940.
She died from heart failure, but some rumors say she overdosed on drugs.
The Civil Rights Act was a law passed in the United States in 1964 by President Lyndon B Johnson.
The law made it illegal to discriminate against someone based on their race or gender.
It also ended segregation in schools and workplaces, along with social life.
1964 in the United States
1960s in law
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a law of the United States.
It made it easier for African-Americans and non-English speaking citizens to vote.
In some parts of the United States, people were forced to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test before being allowed to vote.
This process kept many African-Americans from voting.
The Voting Rights Act made all of those practices illegal.
Bok choy (also known as pak choi, boc choy, and pok choi) is classified as a Chinese cabbage.
It is part of the cabbage family and does not have the same stringiness.
The dark green, crinkly leaves of the most common type are like Romaine lettuce.
The Chinese, who have been cultivating the plant for more than 5000 years,  commonly refer to bok choy as pak choi or "white vegetable."
Another common name is white cabbage.
Amadora () is a city and a municipality in Portugal.
The city and municipality has 175,872 people in eleven freguesias (parishes).
It has an area of 23.77 square kilometres.
It is the most densely populated municipality of Portugal.
It is a suburb of Lisbon, and both cities share the same subway, bus and train network.
It is  a residential city, and the landscape includes apartments, parks and industrial areas.
Amadora also has immigrants from Angola, Cape Verde and Brazil.
Alfornelos
Alfragide
Brandoa
Buraca
Damaia
Falagueira
Reboleira
Venda Nova
Venteira
Câmara Municipal da Amadora - official municipal Web site
Amadora International Comics Festival - official festival Web site
Latest photos and urban developments of Amadora.
Ana Mladinovici - Vocals
Bogdan "Bat" Costea - Guitar
Tibi Dutu - Bass
Emy - guitar
Sebastian Natas - drums
Valentin "ÎngerAlb" Zechiu (2002–2008) E-Bass
Cristi "Beavis" Bârlă (2003–2008) Drums
Sorin Vlad (2007–2008) E-bass
Bogdan Avrigeanu (2008-2011) - Bass
6fingers - keyboards
The Scroll of Stone  (2002)
Lightseeker  (2004)
Hereafter  (2007)
Wolves and Witches  (2008)
Dark Diary  (2010)
Center of the Great Unknown (2012)
Live in Paris (2005)
Magica at Rockdetector
Magica  at AFM Records
Magica at Encyclopaedia Metallum
Joseph Lucien Petipa (22 December 1815  7 July 1898) was a French ballet dancer and choreographer.
He was born in Marseille, France to choreographer and dancer Jean Petipa.
He was the brother of Ballet Master of the Russian Imperial Ballet, Marius Petipa.
Lucien made his Paris debut on 10 June 1840 in La Sylphide with Fanny Elssler.
He partnered Carlotta Grisi in the first Giselle, the first Paquita, and many other ballets of the 1840s.
He choreographed his first full-length ballet, Sacountala, in 1858.
He choreographed a few other ballets, but devoted himself mostly to developing dancers.
Between 186068, he was Ballet Master at the Paris Opéra Ballet, and later Professor of Mime at the Conservatory.
In 1882, he produced his most popular and most successful ballet Namouna.
He died in Versailles.
Beaumont, Cyril W. (1996).
A Ballet Called Giselle.
Dance Books.
75–7 .
People from Marseille
Robert James Brown, also known as Bob (born 27 December, 1944), is a former Australian Greens Senator and former Parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens.
He was the first openly gay member of the Parliament of Australia and the first openly gay leader of a political party in Australia.
Prior to that, he served as a member for Denison in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1983 to 1993 and Leader of the Tasmanian Greens from their foundation in 1992 to 1993.
On 13 April, 2012, Brown resigned as Greens leader and was succeeded by his deputy Christine Milne and indicated his intention to resign from the Senate in June.
In May 2012 the replacement was selected and has been named as Peter Whish-Wilson who is an economist and winemaker who has previously stood fro the greens and assumed office on 21 June 2012 and Senator Brown resigned on 15 June 2012.
Australian Greens politicians
A basketball court is a place on which people play basketball.
They are found within sports buildings and outside, and usually in front of people watching.
Basketball courts can be different sizes.
A National Basketball Association court is .
Archaeometallurgy is a kind of archaeology.
It is the study of metals in the past, specifically the content, production, and use of metals.
Barry Robert O'Farrell (born 24 May 1959) is a former Australian politician.
He was 43rd Premier of New South Wales and Minister for Western Sydney.
He was the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2007 to 2014.
On 16 April 2914, O'Farrell announced his resignation as Premier after giving misleading evidence to the Independent Commission Against Corruption.
He resigned on 17 April 2014.
Mike Baird was elected new NSW Liberal Leader and was sworn in as the new Premier of New South Wales on 23 April 2014.
On 24 November 2014, O'Farrell announced his intention not to stand for re-election at the 2015 NSW election and to retire from politics.
The Liberal candidate Alister Henskens was elected to succeed O'Farrell.
In gay slang, a "friend of Dorothy" (occasionally abbreviated FOD) is a term for a gay man.
The phrase dates back to at least World War II, when homosexual acts were illegal in the United States.
Stating that, or asking if, someone was a "friend of Dorothy" was a euphemism used for discussing sexual orientation without others knowing its meaning.
The origin of the phrase is most commonly attributed to the movie, The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland, who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon.
In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different.
For example the "gentle lion" living a lie, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a dandy lion."
Others claim that the phrase refers to celebrated humorist and critic Dorothy Parker, who included some gay men in her famous social circle.
In the early 1980s, the Naval Investigative Service was investigating homosexuality in the Chicago area.
Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of Dorothy."
Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that a woman named Dorothy was at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel.
The NIS launched an enormous hunt for Dorothy, hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay servicemembers.
Chauncey, George (1994).
Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940.
Duberman, Martin (1993).
Stonewall.
Lesbian and gay life before and after Stonewall, as seen by six contemporaries.
Duberman, Martin, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Jr. (eds) (1989).
Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past.
New York: NAL Books.
Twenty-nine essays covering aspects of the gay and lesbian world from ancient to contemporary times.
Grahn, Judy (1990).
Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds.
Explores the use of language to define gay and lesbian culture by examining stereotypes as access points into history.
Katz, Jonathan (1992).
Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: a Documentary History.
Rev. Ed.
New York: Meridian.
Marcus, Eric (1992).
Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945-1990: An Oral History.
Cruise Critic on "Friends of Dorothy"
I Could Go On Singing is a 1963 movie starring Judy Garland and Dirk Bogarde.
It was Garland's last movie.
It was not a huge box office success, but it won Garland much praise for her performance.
In Bogarde's autobiographies and in the 2004 biography, it is recounted that Judy Garland's lines were substantially rewritten by Bogarde (with Garland's consent).
She had met a man 15–16 years before.
He is now a prominent physician, played by British actor Dirk Bogarde.
They had a child whom she let his father raise in England.
Jenny wants to finally see him, but in the end is left to her true home, the stage.
Originally titled The Lonely Stage, it was renamed I Could Go On Singing, so that audiences would know it was the first time Garland sang in a movie since A Star Is Born in 1954.
Judy Garland as Jenny Bowman
Dirk Bogarde as David Donne
Jack Klugman as George Kogan
Gregory Phillips as Matt
Aline MacMahon as Ida
Pauline Jameson as Miss Plimpton
Jeremy Burnham as Hospital surgeon
Lorna Luft as girl on boat
Joey Luft as boy on boat
I Am the Monarch of the Sea (Judy Garland and Boys) from H.M.S. Pinafore  by Gilbert and Sullivan
Hello Bluebird, words and music by Cliff Friend
It Never Was You, Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson
By Myself, Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz
I Could Go On Singing, Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg
"Either you are or you aren't - a Judy Garland fan that is.
And if you aren't, forget about her new movie, I Could Go On Singing, and leave the discussion to us devotees.
You'll see her in close-up...in beautiful, glowing Technicolor and striking staging in a vibrant, vital performance that gets to the essence of her mystique as a superb entertainer.
Miss Garland is - as always - real, the voice throbbing, the eyes aglow, the delicate features yielding to the demands of the years - the legs still long and lovely.
Certainly the role of a top-rank singer beset by the loneliness and emotional hungers of her personal life is not an alien one to her..."
- Judith Crist, The New York Herald Tribune
"3 stars...Judy Garland is back on screen in a role that might have been custom-tailored for her particular talents.
A new song, I Could Go On Singing, provides her with a little clowning, a chance to be gay, a time for wistfulness, an occasion for tears.
She and Dirk Bogarde play wonderfully well together, even though the script itself insists on their being mismatched..."
- Dorothy Masters, The New York Daily News
Soundtrack and video/DVD releases
It was released on video in 1989, and on DVD in 2004.
The soundtrack album was released at the time of the original movie release, and appeared on CD in 2002 along with the Garland album That's Entertainment!
The Judy Garland Online Discography "I Could Go On Singing" pages.
Movies directed by Ronald Neame
Tassili n'Ajjer is a mountain range in the Algerian part of the Sahara Desert.
The name means "Plateau of the Rivers".
It 72,000 km2.
large.
The range is mostly made of sandstone.
It is known for the prehistoric rock art.
The art has herds of cattle, large wild animals including crocodiles, and human activities such as hunting and dancing.
The nearest town is Djanet.
It is about 10 km southwest of the range.
Tipaza is a town on the coast of Algeria.
It is the capital of the Tipaza Province.
It was formed in 1857.
It is known for its sandy beach and ancient ruins.
Settlements in Algeria
The Barbary Coast, or Berber Coast, was the land of the Berber people.
It was the name used by Europeans from the 16th to the 19th century.
It was the coast of North Africa – what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.
This area was used by pirates.
They attacked ships and coastal towns.
They stole goods and people to sell as slaves from Europe, America and sub-Saharan Africa.
In the Edo period, Kameyama-juku, Seki-juku and Sakanoshita-juku were the 46th, 47th and 48th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.
All three Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.
Kameyama City website
Hiroshige prints, Kameyama ,  Seki ,  Sakanoshita
The National Liberation Front is a socialist political party in Algeria.
It was formed on November 1, 1954 from several smaller groups.
It was started to get independence for Algeria from France.
Politics of Algeria‎
20th-century establishments in Algeria
Ahmed Ben Bella (25 December 1918 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian soldier.
He was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965.
He was born in Maghnia, Algeria.
He was a Sunni Islam.
Ben Bella joined the French Army in 1936.
He went to prison for forming a group to fight French rule.
He escaped and went to Tunisia.
He was arrested again in 1956 and got out of prison in 1962.
He became president in 1963.
In 1965, Houari Boumédiènne made him stop being Presindent.
He was under house arrest until 1980.
He was allowed to live in Switzerland.
He lived for 10 years in Lausanne.
In 1990 he was able to return to Algeria.
Presidents of Algeria
Elizabeth Banks (born February 10, 1974) is an American television and movie actress.
She was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
Her movies include the Spider-Man franchise, 2008's comedy Zack and Miri Make a Porno, Invincible, The Hunger Games, and in The Lego Movie and sequel The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part.
Banks is a Democrat.
She attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention to support President Obama's re-election.
The national flag of Algeria has two equal vertical bars, green and white.
In the center is a red star and crescent.
Green is for the beauty of nature.
Red is for the blood of those killed fighting for independence in the Algerian War (1954 to 1962).
The star and crescent are for Islam.
Movie 43 is an American comedy movie in which Emma Stone, Halle Berry, Hugh Jackman, Uma Thurman, Elizabeth Banks, Chris Pratt, Naomi Watts, Seth MacFarlane, Josh Duhamel, Anna Faris, Greg Kinnear, Dennis Quaid, Kate Winslet, Gerard Butler, Richard Gere, Johnny Knoxville, Justin Long, and many other actors star.
Its release date was January 25, 2013.
Justin Jacob Long (born June 2, 1978) is an American movie actor.
He has acted in many movies, including Live Free or Die Hard (a 2007 movie that stars Bruce Willis).
"Australian Convict Sites" is a World Heritage Site which includes the remains of 11 places used in the transportation of convicts to Australia.
This was a plan by the British government to move thousands of prisoners from England to Australia.
It started with the sending of the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788 and continued for about eighty years.
The Australian Convict Sites include places in Sydney, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, and Fremantle.
These show:
All the sites were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before being put on the World Heritage list in 2010.
Penal Sites Included
Cockatoo Island Convict Site (New South Wales)
Great North Road (New South Wales)
Hyde Park Barracks (New South Wales)
Old Government House (New South Wales)
Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Area (Norfolk Island)
Brickendon and Woolmers Estates (Tasmania)
Cascades Female Factory (Tasmania)
Coal Mines Historic Site (Tasmania)
Darlington Probation Station (Tasmania)
Port Arthur (Tasmania)
Fremantle Prison (Western Australia)
Criteria for Listing
There are over 3000 convict sites remaining in Australia.
The Australian Convict Sites were selected as the best examples of the world's convict era.
This met World Heritage Selection Criteria IV & VI:
Criterion IV (i.e. a collection of buildings/architecture etc.
showing an important stage in human history):
Criterion VI (i.e. directly associated with events etc.
of importance to the whole world):
Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2008) Australian convict sites: World Heritage NominationAccessed 5 August 2010
Sequoia National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of California.
It was created on September 25, 1890.
The park covers .
The park contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 United States, Mount Whitney, at  above sea level.
The park is next to Kings Canyon National Park.
The two parks are managed together by the National Park Service.
The park is famous for its giant sequoia trees.
One of these trees is the General Sherman tree, one of the biggest trees on Earth.
The General Sherman tree is in the Giant Forest, which has five of the ten biggest trees in the world.
NPS: official Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks website
Summer Stock is a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical movie.
It was made in 1950.
The movie was directed by Charles Walters and stars Judy Garland, Gene Kelly, Eddie Bracken, Gloria DeHaven, Marjorie Main and Phil Silvers.
Nicholas Castle Sr.
was the choreographer.
Judy Garland struggled with many personal problems during filming, and Summer Stock was her last MGM movie.
It was also her last pairing with Gene Kelly onscreen.
MGM terminated Garland's contract - by mutual agreement - in September 1950.
Jane Falbury (Garland) is a farm owner.
Her actress sister Abigail (DeHaven) arrives at the farm with her theater troupe.
They need a practice stage, and Jane and her housekeeper Esme (Main) reluctantly agree to let them use their barn.
The actors and actresses, including the director Joe Ross (Kelly), repay her hospitality by doing chores around the farm.
Although Joe is engaged to Abigail, he begins to fall in love with Jane after Abigail leaves him in an angry fit.
Jane is engaged to Orville (Bracken), but falls in love with Joe.
The movie ends with a spectacular show in the barn itself, with the new leading lady, Jane.
All songs were written by Harry Warren (music) and Mack Gordon (lyrics) except where noted.
Orchestration chores were divided between Conrad Salinger and Skip Martin.
"If You Feel Like Singing, Sing" – Judy Garland
"(Howdy Neighbor) Happy Harvest" – Gene Kelly, Garland, Phil Silvers and company stock members
"Dig-Dig-Dig Dig For Your Dinner" – Kelly
"Mem'ry Island" – Gloria DeHaven and Hans Conried (dubbed by Pete Roberts)
"Portland Fancy" – (traditional New England contra dance tune) stock company members, Kelly and Garland
"You, Wonderful You" (Jack Brooks and Saul Chaplin, lyrics and Warren, music) – Kelly and Garland
"Friendly Star" – Garland
Newspaper Dance ("You, Wonderful You")  – Kelly
"All for You" (Chaplin) –  Kelly and Garland
"You, Wonderful You" (Reprise) – Kelly and Garland
"Heavenly Music" (Chaplin) – Kelly, Silvers and dogs
"Get Happy" (Harold Arlen (music) and Ted Koehler (lyrics)) – Garland and chorus
"(Howdy Neighbor) Happy Harvest" (finale) – Kelly, Garland, Silvers and company stock members
Shooting this movie was sometimes a struggle for Garland.
She was coping with many pressures in her personal life, including a heavy reliance on prescription medication.
Audiences noticed that in the last number "Get Happy" she appears thinner than in the rest of the movie.
Before shooting the number, she had taken two months off and lost between 15-20 pounds.
Garland finished the movie, and embarked on a long promised vacation from the studio.
Soon, however, she was called back to star with Fred Astaire in the upcoming movie Royal Wedding.
Once again, Garland struggled to perform at her absolute best in the face of exhaustion and overwork.
She was fired from the movie, and her contract with MGM was terminated through mutual agreement.
Even though Summer Stock took six months to film, it was a box-office success.
The film's most famous scene is the final song-and-dance number "Get Happy" performed by Judy Garland in a tuxedo jacket, black fedora, and black nylons to an arrangement by Skip Martin.
This sequence was choreographed by Charles Walters and filmed two months after the rest of the movie, after Garland sought the help of a hypnotist in Santa Barbara and lost 20 pounds.
With the sedative-hypnotic paraldahyde reportedly on her breath, which the number's male dancers described as sickeningly sweet, Garland performed the number perfectly in just a couple of takes, and the rest is history.
According to New York Times critic Bosley Crowther: " 'Get Happy' finds Miss Garland looking and performing her best."
In another notable sequence, Kelly performs a solo dance in a darkened barn, using a newspaper and a creaky board as partners and props; the musical accompaniment reprises "You Wonderful You".
The dance "turned out to be one of the breakthrough numbers" of his career.
Frank, Gerold.
Judy (1999), Da Capo Press,
Green, Stanley and Schmidt, Elaine.
Hollywood musicals year by year (1999), Hal Leonard Corporation,
Wayne, Jane Ellen.
The Golden Girls of MGM, (2003), Carroll & Graf Publishers,
The Judy Garland Online Discography, "Summer Stock"
The  (CNCP, ) is a French inter-ministerial commission, interprofessional and interagency.
It has been created by the social modernization law (No.
2002-73).
It is under the authority of the Minister responsible for vocational training.
Identify the supply of vocational qualifications (),
Process applications for registration and to update the  (RNCP, ),
Ensure the renewal and adaptation of degrees and titles, to monitor the qualifications and work organization,
Make recommendations to the attention of institutions delivering professional certifications or certificates of qualification.
CNCP Official website
It is in Panevėžys County.
The Greater Blue Mountains Area is a World Heritage Site in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia.
It was added to the World Heritage List at meeting of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairns in November 2000.
This area is one of rugged tablelands, cliffs, deep valleys and rivers and lakes.
There are many rare and different plants and animals which tell the story of Australia's great age.
It shows the story of the evolution of Australia's unique eucalypt trees and the other plants and animals which live among them.
The Greater Blue Mountains Area covers about 10,300 square kilometres.
It is mainly forest on a sandstone plateau 60 to 180 kilometres inland from central Sydney.
The area includes large areas of wilderness and is about one third the size of Belgium, or twice the size of Brunei.
The Blue Mountains are a blue color.
This is because rising air temperature makes the oil of Eucalypts evaporate into the air.
This makes the mountains seem bluish.
The World Heritage Site includes eight protected areas.
These are in two main blocks separated by land set aside for transport and housing.
These areas are the:
Jenolan Caves Karst Conservation Reserve
Wollemi National Park
Yengo National Park
Nattai National Park
Kanangra-Boyd National Park
Gardens of Stone National Park
Thirlmere Lakes National Park.
The Blue Mountains are not really mountains, but a sandstone plateau rising from less than 100 metres above sea level to 1300 metres at the highest point.
The plateau is cut through with deep valleys.
There are many different plants and animals which probably survived because they found shelter from climatic changes during recent geological history.
The area is famous for its many different eucalypt habitats, from wet and dry sclerophyll grasslands, mallee heathlands, as well as swamps and wetlands.
There are 91 species of eucalypts,  13% of all eucalypts, in the Greater Blue Mountains Area.
Of these, 12 only grow here.
The area has been described as a natural laboratory for studying the evolution of the eucalypts.
This is because there are so many of the different types growing in the Greater Blue Mountains Area.
The area shows examples of how the eucalypts have changed to grow in the different Australian environments.
These vary from tall forests at the margins or rainforest in the deep valleys, through open forests and woodlands, to shrublands of stunted mallees on the exposed tablelands.
As well as the eucalypts, the Greater Blue Mountains Area also contains ancient, relict species of world wide importance.
The most famous of these is the recently discovered Wollemi pine.
This tree is a "living fossil" dating back to the age of the dinosaurs.
Thought to have been extinct for millions of years, the few surviving trees of this ancient species are known only from three small groups located in remote valleys within the area.
The Wollemi pine is one of the world's rarest species.
Vegetation types
Sclerophyll: Very tough leaves and stem; packed with poisons and/or indigestible stuff.
Not good food for herbivores, a type of defence against herbivory.
In Australia, often dry savannahs, dominated by grasses with an overstorey of Eucalypts and Acacias.
Mallee: A type of plant habit.
Groups of small trees coming up from an underground lignotuber, a starchy enlarged root (or stem) which stores water.
Gives rise to clumps of smallish eucalypts.
More than 400 different kinds of animals live within the valleys and tablelands of the Greater Blue Mountains Area.
These include threatened or rare species such as the tiger quoll, the koala, the yellow-bellied glider and the long-nosed potoroo.
There are also rare reptiles and amphibians including the green and golden bell frog and the Blue Mountain water skink.
The largest predator of the area is the dingo.
These wild dogs hunt for grey kangaroos and other prey.
The Greater Blue Mountains Area has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA).
It has many of the world's rockwarblers, as well as flame robins, diamond firetails and pilotbirds.
The endangered regent honeyeater is seen there regularly.
UNESCO listing
The Greater Blue Mountains Area was listed as a World Heritage Area by UNESCO on 29 November 2000.
It was the fourth area in New South Wales to be listed.
Blue Mountains virtual video tour.
Gundungurra Blue Mountains Aboriginal traditional owners.
Nomination of the Greater Blue Mountains Area for inscription on the World Heritage List by the Government of Australia 1998
Greater Blue Mountains Area at UNESCO World Heritage Centre
The Greater Blue Mountains Area, New South Wales, Australia  at United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Blue Mountains World Heritage Institute
Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia  Aerial video of the Jamison Valley below Katoomba.
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Blaenavon, Wales.
It includes coal and ore mines, quarries, a primitive railway system, furnaces, workers' homes, and the social infrastructure of the community.
The town of Blaenavon and 3,290 hectares in the region of the town were named a World Heritage Site in 2000.
The area around Blaenavon shows of the importance of South Wales as the world's major producer of iron and coal in the 19th century.
Blaenavon World Heritage Site website
The Groupement des industries françaises aéronautiques et spatiales (GIFAS, in English Group of French aerospace industries) is a  French aerospace industries association created in 1908, featuring more than 260 members.
The first name of the association was Association des Industries de la Locomotion Aérienne.
It acquired its current name in 1975.
Esquire is a men's magazine, published in the U.S. by the Hearst Corporation.
Founded in 1932, it flourished during the Great Depression under the guidance of founder and editor Arnold Gingrich.
UniverSud Paris is a grouping of higher education institutes in France.
It groups 21 public universities and the national research center.
These places teach nearly all subjects of sciences (fundamental, engineering, business).
In 1991, the French government decided to create the "French Poles of Research and Higher Education".
In 2007, its status changed to a public establishment for scientific cooperation (établissement public de coopération scientifique).
Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences (Agro ParisTech), founded in 2007, as a result of the merger of three agronomy, forestry and food science schools with roots dating back to 1824
National Veterinary School of Alfort, founded in 1765
National School of Landscape (ENSP), founded in 1965
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), founded in 1946
National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (formerly Cemagref), founded in 1981
French agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), founded in 1999
Telecom & Management SudParis, founded in 1979
Genoscope (French National Sequencing Center), founded in 1996
National School of Computer Science for Industry and Business (ENSIIE), founded in 1968
HEC Paris, founded in 1881