the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
She also played Peshet in the 2010 movie Clash of the Titans.
Scodelario was born in London.
She changed her surname to that of her Brazilian mother.
Laurel Hill Cemetery is a cemetery in the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania.
It is a National Historic Landmark of the National Park Service.
It is near the Schuylkill River.
It is 3.5 miles north of Philadelphia.
A group of wealthy people from Philadelphia wanted a cemetery outside the city.
They found a place for it in Laurel Hill.
It used to be owned by a businessman named Joseph Sims.
Building of the cemetery started in 1836.
It was finished in 1839.
The Scottish architect John Notman designed the cemetery.
It was his first commission.
There is a chapel.
It is made in the Gothic architecture style.
General View of Laurel Hill Cemetery, ca.
Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, 1840
Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch (born November 10, 1994) is an American actress.
She plays Rose Hathaway in the 2014 movie Vampire Academy: Blood Sisters.
She also played Juliet Martin in the television show Ringer.
She recently appeared as Stephanie Fleming in Why Him? (
She also appeared in the Justin Bieber single Anyone.
Deutch was born in Los Angeles, California.
She is the daughter of Lea Thompson.
The Great Central Fair was a fair that happened in June 1864.
It took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
It was held to raise funds for the United States Sanitary Commission.
The Great Central Fair took place from June 7 until June 28, 1864.
It happened in a park called Logan Circle in Philadelphia.
Other sanitary fairs took place in Chicago, Cincinnati, and New York City.
The people in Philadelphia thought they should do one to raise money for the United States Sanitary Commission.
Two architects named Samuel Honeyman Kneass and William Stickland designed the buildings for the fair.
The biggest building was 200,000 square feet in size.
Inside, visitors could visit different theme areas.
The areas included information about New Jersey, Delaware, sewing, corn, weapons, art and children.
There was also a restaurant.
Abraham Lincoln visited the fair on June 16.
He donated 48 copies of his Emancipation Proclamation.
They were sold for $10 each.
He autographed all of them.
The festival raised over $1 million.
History of Philadelphia
1860s in Pennsylvania
Dawson Creek is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
Dawson Creek is in the northeastern part of British Columbia.
The population of Dawson Creek was 11,583 in 2011.
The city is named after a creek that runs through.
The creek itself is named after George Mercer Dawson by his land survey team when they passed through the area in August 1879.
Queen Charlotte (or Queen Charlotte City) is a village in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
It is located in the south end of Graham Island in the Haida Gwaii group of islands.
It is on Skidegate Inlet.
The population of Queen Charlotte was 944 in 2011.
The town was first established 1908 when the first sawmill in the islands began operating.
The villagers worked to help supply Allied war planes with lumber during World War II.
Within the year, three general stores, a drug and clothing store, two hotels, a pool hall, a boarding house, a barbershop and the local newspaper started operating in the village.
The town gained a stable economy from the quick growth in the timber industry during the Great Depression.
Robert Joseph Vila (also Bob Vila; born 20 June 1946) is an American home improvement television host.
He hosted This Old House (1979-89), Bob Vila's Home Again (1990 to 2005) and Bob Vila (2005 to 2007).
Vila has written ten books.
Paz Vega (also Paz Campos Trigo; born January 2, 1976) is a Spanish actress.
In the 2009 movie Triage, she played Elena.
In the 2004 movie Spanglish she played Flor Moreno.
Janick Robert Gers (born 27 January 1957 in Hartlepool, England) is an English guitarist.
He currently plays for the heavy metal band Iron Maiden where he is one of three guitarist along with Dave Murray and Adrian Smith.
He first started playing for the New Wave of British Heavy Metal band White Spirit.
He then joined the band Gillan which was formed by Deep Purple singer Ian Gillan.
When Gillan broke up, Gers joined Gogmagog in 1985.
During the recording of the song "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter", he was asked to join Iron Maiden in place of Adrian Smith.
Since then, he has remained with the band even when Smith rejoined the band in 1999.
Rachel Elise Blanchard (born March 19, 1976) is a Canadian actress.
She played Hannah in the 2001 movie Sugar & Spice.
She also played Maureen in the 2005 erotic movie Where the Truth Lies.
Emmanuelle Vaugier (born 23 June 1976) is a Canadian actress, musician and fashion model.
She played Detective Jessica Angell on CSI: NY.
She also played Mia on Two and a Half Men.
Kate Mara (born February 27, 1983) is an American actress.
She played Alma Del Mar Jr. in the movie Brokeback Mountain.
She also played Jessica Chandler for Random Hearts in 1999.
She has also performed on stage.
In 2017, she starred as Mary Jo Kopechne in Chappaquiddick.
She played Zoe Barnes on House of Cards.
Hop, a kind of small jump, usually using only one leg, but can also be on two
Humulus, a genus of flowering plants
Hops, the female flower clusters of a species of hop
Hop, informal word for opium, a type of drug
Hop (networking), next gateway along a path to a destination host
Hop (movie), a movie from 2011
The Battle of Wilson's Creek, also called the "Bull Run of the West", was a battle of the American Civil War.
It was the first battle that took place west of the Mississippi River.
Nathaniel Lyon, the Union general, was the first general killed in the Civil war.
During the summer of 1861, the Union and Confederate Armies were both trying to control Missouri.
By the second week of July 1861, the Union Army of the West commanded by Brigadier general Nathaniel Lyon, camped at Springfield, Missouri.
In total, he had about 5,400 soldiers in his command.
About 75 miles to the southwest of Springfield, the pro-Southern Missouri State Guard were camped.
They were under the command of Major general Sterling Price.
Price was joined by Confederate generals Benjamin McCulloch and Nicholas Bartlett Pearce.
Combined their forces numbered about 12,000.
In late July both forces started moving closer to together, each army trying to learn what they could about the other.
There was a skirmish at Dug Springs, Missouri on August 2.
This is near present-day Clever, Missouri.
The Union forces won but this is when Lyon realized the Confederates had more than twice the forces he had.
The Union forces retreated back to Springfield.
On August 9, 1861, Lyon marched his troops from Springfield to where the Confederates were now camped at Wilson Creek.
His plan called for Colonel Franz Sigel to do a flanking maneuver on the Confederates and attack them from their rear.
The rest of Lyon's forces would attack from the north.
On August 10, Sigel's flanking maneuver surprised the Confederate army.
It allowed the Union army an early advantage.
The two armies fought fiercely in the fields and hills around Wilson's Creek.
After six hours of fighting and numerous casualties on both sides, the Union forces withdrew.
Siegel's attack had at first proved very successful, but fell apart when he mistook the Confederate 3rd Louisiana for federal troops and allowed them to get too close without being challenged.
Three times the confederates attacked the Union line and failed to break through all three times.
During the battle, Lyon was killed and Major Samuel D. Sturgis replaced him.
Meanwhile, Sigel's mistake had cost him the advantage and his forces were routed.
After the third attack at about 11:00 am, the Confederates withdrew.
With his ammunition running low and his men exhausted he withdrew to Springfield.
Too disorganized to follow, the Confederate army did not pursue.
Technically, it was a victory for the Confederate Army since the Union Army left the field.
However, it can be considered a victory for the Union since they still kept control of Missouri.
The Confederate army called the battle of Wilson’s Creek, the Battle of “Oak Hill(s)”.
Five Union Soldiers received the Medal of Honor for their parts in the battle.
Nicholas Boquet, Private, awarded 16 February 1897
Lorenzo D. Immell, Corporal, awarded 19 July 1890
John Schofield, Major, awarded 2 July 1892
William M. Wherry, First Lieutenant, awarded 30 October 1895
Henry C. Wood, First Lieutenant, awarded 28 October 1893
Missouri Legends - Wilson Creek and the Bloody Hill Ghosts
The Philadelphia Brigade was a brigade in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
It got its name because its soldiers came from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
It was part of the Army of the Potomac.
Christina Victoria Grimmie (March 12, 1994 - June 10, 2016) was an American pianist, musician and singer.
She has performed cover versions of songs by Christina Aguilera, Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato.
She released an extended play, Find Me, in June 2011.
Her studio album With Love was released in 2013.
A second EP, Side A, was released in 2016.
Grimmie was born and raised in New Jersey.
She was shot dead in Orlando, Florida at age 22 at her concert.
Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer.
She was the winner of NBC's America's Got Talent in its first season.
Her first album, Bianca Ryan, was released in autumn 2006.
In 2012, Ryan joined the cast of the independent movie We Be Kings.
She played a teenaged musician who is guided by an angel to an ancient blues musician frozen in a blizzard.
Jodelle Micah Ferland (born October 9, 1994) is a Canadian actress.
She played Sharon and Alessa in the thriller movie Silent Hill (2006).
She also played Mary Jensen in the miniseries Kingdom Hospital (2004) and Bree Tanner in the movie The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010).
She began acting at age two.
Dean Spielmann (born 26 October 1962) is a lawyer from Luxembourg.
He is the President of the European Court of Human Rights.
He has been a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights from Luxembourg since 2004.
He was made President of the Fifth Section of the Court in 2011.
He was made Vice-President and then later President in 2012.
Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
Wamba is a small town in Kenya.
It is in the Samburu district.
The Wamba administrative division is there.
The town has a big Catholic hospital.
The hospital is considered important to the Samburu district.
The town plays a role in the tourism industry in Kenya.
It has strong ties with Prince William of Britain due to his efforts to promote conservation and ties with Samburu communities.
Settlements in Kenya
Hockley County is a county in the state of Texas in the United States.
In 2010, 22,935 people lived there.
The county seat is Levelland.
The county was named for George Washington Hockley, who was Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas.
Weld County is a county in the state of Colorado.
As of the 2010 Census, 252,825 people lived there.
Colorado counties
Gunnison County is a county in the state of Colorado.
As of the 2010 Census, 15,324 people lived there.
Claiborne Parish  is a parish of the state of Louisiana.
As of the 2010 Census, 17,195 people lived there.
Sergey Semenovich Kozlov (4 May 1960 – 4 January 2014) was a Russian football player and manager.
Kozlov played as a midfielder and defender.
Kozlov died from problems after a heart attack on 4 January 2014.
He was aged 53.
He died in his hometown of Khabarovsk.
Bernard M. Glasser (June 3, 1924 – January 2, 2014) was an American movie producer and director.
He was known for producing many science-fiction movies such as Space Master X-7, The Return of the Fly, Run Like a Thief and Triangle.
Glasser was born in Chicago, Illinois.
He was married to Joan Glasser until his death.
Glasser died on January 2, 2014 from natural causes at his home in Los Angeles.
He was aged 89.
St. Cross College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
The College was founded in 1965.
It was named after St. Cross Road, where the college's first buildings were located.
In 1981 it moved to its current location on St. Giles Road.
Brad Renfro (July 25, 1982 — January 15, 2008) was an American actor.
He played Mark Sway in The Client in 1994.
He played Huckleberry Finn in the movie Tom and Huck in 1995 and also appeared in the family drama The Cure in the same year.
He made many feature movies in his career.
His career ended because of alcoholism and drugs.
Renfro was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.
He died at age 25 due to heroin intoxication.
For reasons unknown, Renfro, was not included in the annual Academy Awards tribute for Hollywood performers who had died during the past year.
Tricia Janine Helfer (born April 11, 1974) is a Canadian model and actress.
She is best known for playing the Cylon "Number 6" in Battlestar Galactica.
In Supernatural, she played Molly McNamara.
She also played Alex Rice in Dark Blue.
She also played in other television series.
Athelwald (also spelled Oethelwald or Œthelwald) was a King of Deira.
He was the nephew of King Oswiu of Northumbria, his overlord, but he turned on his family to support the pagan Penda of Mercia.
When Penda was killed, Athelwald lost his kingdom.
He was the son of King Oswald of Northumbria, who was killed by Penda of Mercia at the Battle of Maserfield in 642.
At Oswald's death Northumbria was reduced back to the two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira.
Oswiu was the king of Bernicia and was acknowledge as overlord of Deira.
Penda had placed Oswine of Deira on the throne of Deira.
But Oswine did not get along with his overlord Oswiu.
He raised an army against Oswiu but then realized his army wasn't large enough and he sent them home.
He was betrayed by one of his nobleman to Oswiu and was murdered in 651.
King of Deira
After Oswine's death, Athelwald became king.
It is uncertain whether Oswiu (who was Athelwald's uncle) installed him as king or whether Athelwald took the kingship in opposition to Oswiu.
At some point he allied himself with Oswiu's enemy, Penda of Mercia.
He guided Penda during his invasion of Northumbria in 655.
But, when the armies of Oswiu and Penda met on 15 November at the Battle of the Winwaed, Athelwald withdrew to safety.
Penda was defeated and killed.
perhaps in part because of this desertion, and afterward Athelwald was not heard of again.
Departmentalisation, the division of a larger organisation into parts with specific tasks
Academic department, a division of a school's faculty devoted to a particular subject
Ministry (government department), a division of a government with a specific responsibility
Department (country subdivision), a type of administrative division within a country
Fire department, an organisation that provides firefighting services
Police department, a body empowered by the state to enforce the law
Department store, a retail store that has several departments dedicated to different types of products, such as clothing or household items
The polar vortex (alternate names: Arctic cyclone or polar vortice) is a persistent large-scale cyclone located near geographical poles of a planet.
On Earth, a polar vortex is usually in the middle and upper troposphere and stratosphere.
The cyclone surrounds the polar highs.
Polar storms lie in the wake of the polar front.
They strengthen in the winter and weaken near summer.
These vortexes span usually between 620 to 1,240 miles.
They circulate counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
Similar to hurricanes, a Coriolis effect causes the rotation of a polar vortex.
The Arctic vortex has two main centers: one is over the Baffin Island, the other is over northeastern Siberia.
The Department of Alto Adige (, ) was a department of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy.
It was named after the river Adige (Etsch), which flowed through it.
The capital of the department was Trento.
The department's territory was not the same as that of the modern Italian province of Alto Adige.
Some of the territory is the same, such as the city of Bolzano, but most of the rest is now part of the province of Trento.
These two provinces form the region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
The name "Alto Adige" was created in the late 18th century by Napoleon Bonaparte, when he occupied the territory of northern Italy near the Alps.
This was the name of the French administrative division known as the "Department of Alto Adige" (Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige), created during Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy in 1810.
It was officially named Haut Adige to get rid of relation to the historic "County of Tyrol" of Austria.
Some years later, Napoleon created the Department of Alto Adige further north.
This department was a part of the Kingdom of Italy from 1810 to 1814.
It was created with the division of the Austrian Tyrol between French Bavaria and the Kingdom of Italy, and included the southern part of Tyrol with the city of Bolzano with surroundings (along with the Trentino).
The boundaries were made by Austrian and German commissioners, who said that a territory would belong to the Kingdom of Italy if it is inhabited by Italians.
The department was ended after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814.
Its territory is now divided between the Italian provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol.
The name Alto Adige was reused.
Today it is the Italian name of the part of Tyrol south of the Brenner Pass.
Ettore Tolomei made it official in Italy after World War I.
Reinhard Stauber, Der Zentralstaat an seinen Grenzen.
Administrative Integration, Herrschaftswechsel und politische Kultur im südlichen Alpenraum 1750–1820 (Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 64), Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001.
Josep Casadevall (born 10 September 1946) is a lawyer from Andorra.
He was born in Spain and received his law degree in Madrid in 1978.
He is now a judge at the European Court of Human Rights.
He represents Andorra.
Ineta Ziemele (born 12 February 1970) is a judge from Latvia.
She has been a judge at the European Court of Human Rights since April 27, 2005.
She is President of the Fourth Section since 2012.
Suzanne Pleshette (January 31, 1937 – January 19, 2008) was an American actress.
She played Jeanne Greene in Youngblood Hawke in 1964.
She also played Annie Hayworth in The Birds one year earlier.
She also voiced characters during certain movies.
She then played Emily in the sitcom The Bob Newhart Show (1972-78).
Pleshette was born in Brooklyn, New York.
She died from respiratory failure, after an operation removed part of her lung.
She was 70.
The Gleneagles Hotel is a hotel in Torquay, Devon, England.
It is best known for being the inspiration for the British situation comedy, Fawlty Towers.
Patricia Hill Collins (born May 1, 1948) is a Distinguished University Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park.
Her first book, Black Feminist Thought, was published in 1990.
A book Collins wrote with Margaret Andersen called Race, Class and Gender: An Anthology was published in 1992.
The sixth edition was published in 2007.
Collins was born in Philadelphia to working-class parents.
She became a student at Brandeis University in 1965.
"(You Drive Me) Crazy" is a popular romance song by Britney Spears.
It was released in late August 1999.
The song charted at #10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #9 in the Rhythmic Top 40.
It performed better in United Kingdom.
The original version on the album ...Baby One More Time is different from the single version usually heard.
The Spectator is a British conservative magazine.
It was first published on 6 July 1828.
The editor was Robert Stephen Rintoul.
In April 1858 he died.
The magazine was then sold.
David and Frederick Barclay own the magazine.
Boris Johnson was the magazine's editor.
Fraser Nelson has been the magazine's editor since 2009.
The magazine supports the Conservative Party.
A lot of famous people have written in The Spectator.
Rookie is an American online magazine for teenage girls.
It was started by the fashion blogger Tavi Gevinson in September 2011 with Anaheed Alani as the editorial director.
Gevinson was going to make the magazine with Jane Pratt.
Pratt decided not to be part of the magazine.
However, Gevinson said that she is  the magazine's "fairy godmother."
Rookie has published interviews with famous people including Lorde, Emma Watson, and Kathleen Hanna.
Rookie posts three times every weekday.
Each month it has a theme.
Rookie has released two yearbooks.
The TNA King of the Mountain Championship is a professional wrestling championship in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).
The championship was debuted on the October 23, 2008 episode of TNA Impact!
and was originally called the "TNA Legends Championship".
It was considered the second highest-ranking title in TNA.
It was declared defunct by the (storyline) TNA Executive Director Kurt Angle on July 3, 2014.
The title was reactivated under the new name "TNA King of the Mountain Championship" on June 25, 2015.
Booker T revealed the championship after he took it out of a steel briefcase that he had been carrying around in the weeks leading up to the reveal.
He named it the "TNA Legends Championship" and declared himself as the first champion.
A.J. Styles defeated Booker T at Destination X on March 15, 2009 to win the championship.
Winning the title made Styles the first-ever TNA Grand Slam Champion after he had won the World Heavyweight (NWA or TNA), the World Tag Team (NWA or TNA), and the TNA X Division Championship along with the Legends Championship.
The Management Director of TNA Jim Cornette announced that the Championship became an official TNA sanctioned championship because Styles defeated Booker T for it legally by the contract the two had signed to make the match official.
When Eric Young held the championship, he renamed it the "TNA Global Championship" on the October 29, 2009 episode of Impact!
and said that he was not going to defend it against any American wrestlers or on American soil.
Young was defeated by Rob Terry during a live event in Cardiff, Wales on January 27, 2010.
Terry lost the championship to A.J. Styles on the July 22 episode of Impact!.
Styles renamed it the "TNA Television Championship" on the July 29 episode.
On June 25, 2015, the championship was reactivated under the new name "TNA King of the Mountain Championship."
It was announced by TNA that there would be a new champion crowned in a King of the Mountain match at Slammiversary.
At Slammiversary, Jeff Jarrett defeated Matt Hardy, Eric Young, Drew Galloway, and Bobby Roode to win the championship.
Since Jarrett was the founder and running GFW, there were suspicions of Jarrett defending the championship in GFW.
The championship did appear at a GFW live event on July 9 where Young attacked Jarrett and stole the championship.
The current champion is Bobby Roode.
Roode is in his first reign as champion.
He won the championship after defeating PJ Black during Impact Wrestling tapings on July 28, 2015.
The first champion was Booker T. He awarded himself the championship on the October 23, 2008 episode of Impact!.
The longest reigns in the championship's history was Abyss' second reign which lasted 396 days.
The shortest reign was PJ Black's first reign which lasted only 1 day.
TNA Television Championship History
Amy Ryan (born May 3, 1968) is an American actress.
In Gone Baby Gone she played Helene.
She was nominated for several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
She did not win; however, she received other awards for her performance.
Ryan played Beadie Russell in The Wire.
Escape Plan is an action, melodrama and thriller movie of 2013.
The movie is about an engineer who is kept in a secret prison.
The engineer is a former prosecutor.
Sylvester Stallone plays Ray (the engineer), Arnold Schwarzenegger plays Emil Rottmayer and Victor Mannheim, and 50 Cent plays Hush.
This movie was rated R by MPAA officials.
This movie was released in October 2013 with mixed critical reviews.
The box office sales were somewhat low in the United States.
Overseas, however, the movie performed quite well.
It made over US$137 million.
Long and Foster is the largest privately owned real estate company in the United States.
The company currently has around 170 sales offices with over 10,000 agents, mainly in the Mid-Atlantic region.
In 1968, Long and Foster was founded by Henry Long and Wesley Foster.
Eleven years later, the company transferred complete ownership to Wesley Foster.
Since its creation, the company has set up offices in Virginia, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania, New Jersey, West Virginia, Delaware, and North Carolina.
Long & Foster
The fight-or-flight response (or acute stress response) is a set of physiological changes that occur when an animal is threatened.
The changes include increased heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure.
This response was first described by W.B Cannon.
He found that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system.
This leads to changes such as those mentioned above.
The changes prepare the animal for fighting or fleeing.
This response is the first stage of a general adaptation that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms.
Evolutionary perspective
The fight or flight response lets animals respond quickly to threats.
This system is universal in vertebrates.
That shows it is ancient in origin, and very important.
Humans have some problems with the system, because though they share the physiology with other animals, they rarely face a clear-cut fight or flight choice.
Humans can try to talk their way through various problems and semi-threats, but they may suffer stress when the issues are not easily solved.
Other responses
Animals respond in many ways to situations which threaten them.
The fight/flight choice is just one alternative.
At one extreme is the way mother cats with kittens will defend them to the death if necessary.
Another situation is the way many animals keep still when a predator is nearby.
Their camouflage is often effective.
Ormoc is a city in the Philippines.
It is in the Eastern Visayas region in the province of Leyte.
In 2010, 190,000 people lived in Ormoc.
In 1991, Ormoc was hit by Typhoon Thelma.
On 8 November 2013, the city was affected by Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan).
Ormoc is one of a few cities in the Philippines where people use e-tricycles.
The city got its name from ogmok, an old Visayan term for lowland.
Gail Dines (July 29, 1958 in Manchester) is a British-American radical feminist and anti-pornography activist.
Her book Pornland: How Porn Has Hijacked our Sexuality was published in 2010.
She moved to the United States in 1986.
She is Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies at Wheelock College in Boston.
Dines says that modern pornography is cruel and violent.
She started a group called Stop Porn Culture.
Brown County is a county in Indiana.
Larry D. Mann (18 December 1922 – 6 January 2014) was a Canadian actor.
He was known for his voice role as Rudolph on Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer.
Mann died on 6 January 2014 at his home in Los Angeles.
He died from Alzheimer's disease.
Larry D. Mann profile on northernstars.ca
Alma Muriel (20 October 1951 – 5 January 2014) was a Mexican actress.
She was known for playing villain roles on telenovelas.
Muriel was born in Mexico City on 20 October 1951.
She was partners with actor Joaquín Cordero.
Muriel died from a heart attack on 5 January 2014 at her apartment in Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo.
She was aged 62.
Cutthroat Kitchen is a reality cooking television show that airs on Food Network.
It began on August 11, 2013.
It is hosted by Alton Brown.
Four chefs are given three cooking challenges.
Each challenge has a type of dish that the chefs have to make in 30 minutes.
Before then, the chefs have one minute to get ingredients out of a pantry.
After 30 minutes, a judge tastes each dish, and the chef with the worst dish is eliminated.
At the start of the game, the chefs are each given $25,000.
In the first two challenges, Brown shows items that are put up to auction for the chefs to buy using their money.
The chefs can use these items on other chefs to change their ingredients, what cooking tools they can use, and other things.
For example, an item may force a chef to cook using canned ingredients instead of fresh ones.
The chef who is eliminated has to give back the money that they have.
In the last challenge, no items are shown at first, but during the first minutes of the challenge, Brown will put items up for auction.
This makes it so the person who gets the item has to change their dish based on what the item does.
The chef that wins keeps the money that they have left.
Pescetarianism means having a diet that is vegetarianism but with fish and other seafoods.
Semi-vegetarianism means eating seafood or poultry, or both, but no red meat.
People who eat red meat on rare occasion are flexitarians.
Real or semi-vegetarians, though, usually resent flexitarian, looking down on this term and calling it cheating.
A pescetarian is a person who eats fish, shrimp and seafood.
They do not eat poultry.
A pollotarian is a person who eats chicken.
They do not eat red meat, seafood or fish.
Pollo-pescetarians eat seafood, shrimp and poultry but no red meat.
Ovo-lacto vegetarianism (alternate: lacto-ovo) is a diet in which people do not eat the flesh of animals.
They do, though, eat eggs and dairy.
Ovo-lacto vegetarians are the most prevalent types in the Western world.
Such people are well served in restaurants, especially in certain parts of Europe and in North America.
Ovo-lacto vegetarians use this diet sometimes for religious reasons.
Others use it for health.
Béla Károlyi (; born September 13, 1942) is a Romanian gymnastics coach.
He was born in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca).
At the time it was part of Hungary.
He helped coach several gymnasts during the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Béla Karolyi's bio at USA Gymnastics
Image of Karolyi carrying Kerri Strug
"Bela Karolyi: World Renowned Gymnastics Coach" , Shade Global, New York, NY (PDF version)
Liam Cosgrave (13 April 1920 – 4 October 2017) was an Irish politician.
Cosgrave served as Prime Minister of Ireland (1973–77) and as Leader of Fine Gael (1965–77).
He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1943 to 1981.
General Prem Tinsulanonda (August 26, 1920 – May 26, 2019) was a Thai retired military officer.
He was Prime Minister of Thailand from March 3, 1980 to August 4, 1988.
He was the Regent of Thailand and the Head of the Privy Council.
General Prem Tinsulanonda Home Page
Prem Center for International Education
News article about his recent activity
Thura U Tun Tin (, ; 2 October 1920 – 1 May 2020) was an Burmese politician.
Tin served as the 9th Prime Minister of Burma for a few months in 1988.
He was born in Myitkyina on 2 October 1920.
He studied at Mandalay College in 1941.
Lê Đức Anh (1 December 1920 – 22 April 2019) was an Vietnamese general and politician.
He was President of Vietnam from 1992 until 1997.
He became president after leading the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia throughout the 1980s.
He was regarded as a conservative.
He supported maintaining strict party control over local policies.
He was born in Phú Lộc District, Thừa Thiên–Huế Province on 1 December 1920.
He died of stroke-related problems on 22 April 2019 in Hanoi, aged 98.
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Vietnamese military people
Year 40 (XL) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus without colleague.
The emperor Caligula is consul without colleague.
Caligula starts a campaign to conquer Britain.
It fails miserably.
He names himself the winner.
Noricum and Mauretania are added into the Roman Empire.
Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy.
He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his.
According to legend, this is when he appointed his horse, Incitatus,  a senator.
Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis.
Philo teaches that all men are born free.
An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date).
The Germanic Quadi tribe begin settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia.
Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia.
He was opposed by his brother Gotarzes II.
The Vietnamese Trung sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guangwu of Han.
Christianity comes to Egypt.
Mark the Evangelist founds the Coptic Orthodox Church as the first pope.
July 13 – Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor of Britain (d. 93 AD)
Pedanius Dioscorides, Greek physician (approximate date) (d. 90 AD)
Frontinus, Roman general and military author (approximate date) (d. 103)
Dio Chrysostom, Greek philosopher and historian (approximate date d. c. 120)
Claudia Octavia, daughter of Claudius and Messalina (d. 62)
Empress Ma of the Han Dynasty (d. 79)
January – Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, husband of Agrippina the younger, brother-in-law of Caligula (b. 17 BC)
Ptolemy of Mauretania (b. 1 BC)
Antonio Imbert Barrera (December 3, 1920 – May 31, 2016) was a politician of the Dominican Republic.
He served as President of the Dominican Republic from May 7, 1965 until August 30, 1965.
The president before him was Pedro Bartolomé Benoit.
The president after him was Héctor García Godoy.
Pedro Richter Prada (January 4, 1921 – July 14, 2017) was a Peruvian politician.
Prada was the Prime Minister of Peru from 31 January 1979 to 28 July 1980.
On December 28, 2007, the Italian government arrested Prada for the disappearance of 25 Italian citizens in the 1970s.
In February 2015 a trial started in Italy related to Operation Condor, there were indictments against 32 people, including Richter Prada.
He was charged with aggravated murder.
Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg (5 January 1921 – 23 April 2019) ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000.
He was the father of the current ruler, Grand Duke Henri.
He was the son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma.
Jean was born at Berg Castle, in central Luxembourg.
His name at birth was Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano.
Grand Duke Jean abdicated on 7 October 2000.
He was succeeded on the throne by his son Henri.
Grand Duke Jean lived at Fischbach Castle.
5 January 1921 – 12 November 1964: His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Hereditary Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000: His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau
7 October 2000 – 23 April 2019: His Royal Highness Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau
Official biography (in French)
Cour Grand-Ducale de Luxembourg (in French)
The 2014 North American polar vortex was a weather system that caused extremely cold weather through Canada and the United States.
Freezing temperatures went all the way down to Nashville, Tennessee.
Several cities broke records: Chicago O'Hare International Airport set a record on 6 January with a temperature of , beating the  record in 1884 and 1988.
There were also power failures throughout Canada and United States.
One in Newfoundland on 5 January took out the power of 190,000 customers.
Almost 24,000 people lost electricity across Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.
In Minnesota, Governor Mark Dayton ordered all schools closed down due to weather.
Across Indiana, over fifty of the state's ninety-two counties ordered roads closed to all traffic except emergency vehicles, mostly north of Indianapolis.
2014 in North America
2014 in weather
Simon Blackburn (born 12 July 1944) is a British philosopher.
He went to Clifton College.
He was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge.
He is also a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
He wrote The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy.
Strange Days is a cyberpunk thriller movie.
It was released on October 13, 1995.
The story is about celebrations for the new millennium in Los Angeles, in December 1999.
The area is a dangerous war zone.
The movie is also about coverups, murders and deception.
Ralph Fiennes plays Lenny, Angela Bassett plays Mace and Juliette Lewis plays Faith.
Its run time was 145 minutes.
The reviews of the movie were positive.
The movie, however, did not make much money at the box office.
Marcia Griffiths (born November 23, 1949) is a Jamaican singer.
She had "Electric Boogie" (also called the "Electric Slide") in the late 1980s as a hit single.
Griffiths began her singing career in 1964.
She usually performs reggae music.
She was in a duet named Bob and Marcia.
Elizabeth Ann "Liz" Jones (born 5 September 1958) is a British journalist.
She is known for writing for the Daily Mail.
In 2014 Jones became a contestant on Celebrity Big Brother (UK).
She was one of the contestants nominated for the first eviction.
In April 1999 Jones became the editor of Marie Claire magazine.
She was sacked two years later.
She became anorexic when she was 11 years old.
She is deaf.
She married Nirpal Singh Dhaliwa in 2002.
In 2007 she divorced him.
St. Edmund Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
It was founded as a hall for undergraduate students sometime prior to 1317.
There is no record of the date it was founded, but it likely existed as a hall in the early 13th Century.
Because the other Oxford colleges did not begin to admit undergraduates until the 16th Century, it claims to be the oldest academic society for undergraduates at any university.
The Hall became a full college of the University in 1957.
St. John's College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
It was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas White.
White was a rich merchant from London.
1555 establishments
"Soldiers of Christ, Arise" is an English hymn from the 18th century.
The words were written by Charles Wesley (1707–1788), and came from a poem called "The Whole Armour of God, Ephesians VI" in 1747.
Robert Zulj (born 5 February 1992) is an Austrian football player.
He plays for Red Bull Salzburg  in the Austrian Bundesliga.
He also played in the Austrian Under-18 and Under-19 national team.
At the moment he plays in the Under-21 national team.
In January 2014 he went from SV Ried to FC Red Bull Salzburg.
Thomas White was born in Reading, Berkshire.
He was the son of William White, a clothier of Reading, and his wife, Mary, daughter of Henry Kibblewhite.
At age 12 he became an apprentice to a London merchant.
In time he became a prosperous clothier.
In 1546 he served as sheriff of London.
In 1553 he was Lord Mayor of London.
Thomas White became Sir Thomas White when he was knighted by Queen Mary II of England the same year.
Sir Thomas founded St John's College, Oxford in 1555.
He died on 12 February 1567 at Oxford University.
Sir Thomas was buried in the chapel of St. John's College, Oxford.
The Sir Thomas White Loan Charity was started in 1542 and it still exists.
It gives interest-free loans to new businesses in Leicestershire and Rutland.
There are several memorials to Sir Thomas White in England and he is memorialized on Leicester's clock tower.
Sir Thomas first married a woman named Avice.
She died on 26 February 1558.
He married secondly Joan, daughter of John Lake.
She was the widow of Ralph Warren, Lord Mayor of London.
Sir Thomas White did not have any children by either wife.
Sir Thomas White Loan Charity
Hoggart wrote opinions about politics for The Guardian.
He also wrote opinions about wine for The Spectator.
Until 2006, he presented The News Quiz on Radio 4.
His journalism sketches have been published in a series of books.
Hoggart died from pancreatic cancer on 5 January 2014.
He was aged 67.
Simon Hoggart's week parliamentary sketch series at The Guardian
Column archive  at the New Humanist
The News Quiz at BBC Radio 4
5 minutes with Simon Hoggart on Hot Dinners
Mustafa Ahmed Ben Halim (; 29 January 1921 – 7 December 2021) was an Libyan politician.
He served as the Prime Minister of Libya from 12 April 1954 to 25 May 1957.
Ben Halim is the last surviving of the Kingdom of Libya's premiers.
He is the only one of them who survived the removal of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011.
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir - صفحات مطوية من تاريخ ليبيا السياسي" Rimal Publications, 2011 (Arabic Edition)
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir" Rimal Publications, 2013 (English Edition)
Yitzhak Navon (‎; 9 April 1921 – 6 November 2015) was an Israeli politician, diplomat and author.
He was the fifth President of Israel between 1978 and 1983.
He was the first Israeli president to be born in Jerusalem and not Russia.
In 2005, people voted him as the 108th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet.
Yitzhak Navon Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Yitzhak Navon Jewish Virtual Library
Some songs with lyrics and/or  music by Yitzhak Navon
Israeli diplomats
Abdelmalek Benhabyles  (27 April 1921 – 28 December 2018) was an Algerian politician.
He was born in Chevreuil.
He was a chairman of the Constitutional Council (President of Algeria) from 11 January 1992 until 14 January 1992.
Ambassadors of Algeria
Port Talbot is a town and community in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot, Wales.
It is located 7 miles (11 km) to the east of Swansea across the Swansea Bay.
The town is best known for Port Talbot Steelworks, one of the biggest steelworks in the world.
However, for many years, the steelworks has been under threat of closure.
PSR B1257+12 B is an extrasolar planet in the constellation of Virgo.
It is around 980 light years away from Earth.
It was the first planet ever discovered outside of the Solar System.
It is over four times bigger than Earth.
It orbits the pulsar PSR B1257+12, going around it approximately every 66 days at a distance of 0.36 AU.
extrasolarplanet.net data
Pulsar Planets
Robert "Rob" Gonsalves (July 10, 1959 – June 14, 2017) is a Canadian painter of magic and surreal events.
Gonsalves's art was not recognized until several years after he started, in the Toronto Outdoor Art Exhibit.
He was given a small spot there to show off his most recent art.
During the exhibit, he received a large amount of encouragement.
Gonsalves currently sells his latest work at exhibits and multiple websites.
His most visited exhibits include the Art Expo in New York and Los Angeles, Decor Atlanta and Las Vegas, Fine Art Forum, as well as one-man shows at Discovery Galleries, Ltd., Marcus Ashley Gallery, and the Hudson River Art Gallery.
In June 2003, Simon & Schuster produced Gonsalves's first book, Imagine a Night.
A second book, Imagine a Day, was produced in 2004.
That book received the 2005 Governor General's Award.
In 2008, Gonsalves produced another book, Imagine a Place.
Huckleberry Fine Art Gallery
The Magic Realism of Rob Gonsalves
Metropolis is a fictional city in DC Comics.
It is where Superman lives.
The city is based on New York City, Chicago and Toronto.
It became Superman's home in 1939.
Within the DC Universe, Metropolis is one of the largest and richest cities on Earth.
It has a population of nearly 11 million people.
The Daily Planet is a fictional newspaper in the universe of DC Comics.
Superman's ego Clark Kent works here with Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen and Perry White.
The Daily Planet office building has a large globe on its roof.
Jerry Siegel said that the design of the building was based on the Old Toronto Star Building.
Future appearances of the building were soon inspired by the Chicago Board of Trade Building and the Empire State Building.
It's My Party is a romance and drama movie.
It was released March 1996.
The story is about a two-day-long party given by Nick Stark, a man with AIDS.
Instead of dying slowly, he decides to kill himself using Seconal.
Eric Roberts plays Nick, Marlee Matlin plays Daphne, Margaret Cho plays Charlene Lee, Sally Kellerman plays Sara, Olivia Newton-John plays Lina.
Its running time was 110 minutes.
"It's My Party" is a song by Lesley Gore from 1963.
The song is about a teenage girl during a party on her birthday.
Her boyfriend, Johnny, goes missing during the party.
He comes back with another girl, Judy, who is wearing his ring.
The girl Johnny left becomes so unhappy that she cries.
The song was written in 1962.
The single peaked near #1 for the pop and rhythm and blues musical charts.
Other musicians have recorded the song.
Florence Arnold (or Florrie; born 28 December 1988) is a British singer-songwriter and a model.
She began singing around 2008.
Her debut EP record, Introduction, came out in 2010.
She has released two albums since then, in 2011 and 2012.
Sasheer Zamata Moore (; born May 6, 1986) is an American actress and comedienne.
In 2014, she started appearing on Saturday Night Live.
She was the first black woman on the show since 2007.
Zamamta was raised in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Sasheer Zamata on Twitter
Jura  is an island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, just north-east of Islay.
Compared with its fertile and more populous neighbour, Jura is mountainous, bare and infertile.
It is covered largely by vast areas of blanket bog,  hence its small population.
In a list of the islands of Scotland ranked by size, Jura comes eighth, whereas ranked by population it comes thirty-first.
It is in the council area of Argyll and Bute.
Krip-Hop is a movement that draws attention to hip-hop artists with disabilities.
Leroy Moore's Krip Hop Nation has released two mix tape CDs.
The 'Krip' in Krip Hop is short for 'cripple'.
The word is used by some disabled people to describe themselves.
Moore chose to change the 'c' in 'crip' to a 'k' because there is a gang called the Crips.
Krip Hop Nation performed at the Happening Weekend at DaDaFest 2010.
Krip-Hop musicians include Miss Money and Kalyn Heffernan.
Heffernan has brittle bone disease.
She is the frontwoman of a group called Wheelchair Sports Camp.
Loren started writing music when he was 12 years old.
In 1984 Loren's first album, Bryan Loren, was released. "
Lollipop Luv" was released as a single from it.
It reached number 23 in the R&B chart.
In 1992 he released his second album, Music From The New World.
He was a member of Fat Larry's Band.
He wrote "Feels so Good" for Whitney Houston.
Work with Michael Jackson
Loren wrote the number one single "Do the Bartman" with Michael Jackson.
He made a song with Jackson called "Satisfy You" in 1990, but it was never released.
He wrote "Superfly Sister" with Michael Jackson.
It was on Jackson's 1997 album Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix.
Lupita Nyong'o (born 1983) is a Kenyan-Mexican actress and filmmaker.
The first American movie she acted in was 12 Years a Slave.
Nyong’o won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, for her role in 12 Years a Slave.
She was also in Black Panther (2018) and Us (2019).
Nyong'o was born in Mexico City, Mexico, in 1983 to Dorothy and Peter Anyang' Nyong'o.
Her parents had fled Kenya because they were being harassed by the government there; her uncle was killed in 1980.
The family moved back in 1987 but they were still harassed by Daniel arap Moi's government, which was supported by the United States and United Kingdom.
Nyong'o was raised mostly in Kenya, but returned to Mexico as a teenager and attended university in the United States.
After graduating, she played a role in the 2009 Nigerian television show Shuga.
She went back to school and got a Master's degree from Yale's School of Drama in 2012.
In 2014, Nyong’o won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, for her role in 12 Years a Slave.
She said her acting in 12 Years a Slave was inspired by Michael Jackson and Whoopi Goldberg.
Nyong'o was nominated for the British Film Academy’s Rising Star Award and on the cover of Dazed & Confused and W magazine's February 2014 issues.
She was named the most beautiful in the world by PEOPLE magazine in April 2014.
Nyong'o continued to act in major Hollywood movies including Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015), The Jungle Book (2016), Black Panther, and Us.
As well as acting, in 2019 and 2020 she wrote a children's book, Sulwe, which was released in English, Swahili, and Luo.
Numerical integration is the term used for a number of methods to find an approximation for an integral.
Numerical integration has also been called quadrature.
Very often, it is not possible to solve integration analytically, for example when the data consists of a number of distinct measurements, or when the antiderivative is not known, and it is difficult, impractical or impossible to find it.
In such cases, the integral can be written as a mathematical function defined over the interval in question, plus a function giving the error.