the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Another series of six books were published between 1969 and 1975.
Two final stories were printed in 1979 and 2000.
The books have been translated into 64 languages.
Pippi Longstocking (1945)
Pippi Goes on Board (1946)
Pippi in the South Seas (1948)
Pippi on the Run (1971)
Pippi's After Christmas Party (1950)
Pippi Longstocking in the Park (2001)
Pippi Goes to School (1999)
Pippi Goes to the Circus (1999)
Pippi's Extraordinarily Ordinary Day (1999)
The first movie about Pippi Longstocking was filmed in 1949.
The movie was based on three of the books, but several storylines were changed and characters were removed and added.
Pippi's character was played by Viveca Serlachius.
It was directed by Per Gunvall and released on October 20, 1950.
An American movie version from Columbia Pictures was released in 1988.
It was called The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking, although it actually just retold the original story.
The movie was directed by British director Ken Annakin.
It starring Tami Erin as Pippi with Eileen Brennan, Dennis Dugan, John Schuck and Dick Van Patten in supporting roles.
Shirley Temple's Storybook episode
In 1961, the NBC children's television series Shirley Temple's Storybook showed an episode about Pippi Longstocking.
It was the 15th episode in the show's 2nd season.
The 60-minute episode first aired on 8 January 1961.
The episode is historically important.
It was the first time a child played Pippi in a television or movie adaptation, the first American television or movie adaptation of the book, and the first television or movie adaptation of the book in color.
The episode stars (among others) child actor Gina Gillespie as Pippi Longstocking, Renie Riano as schoolteacher Miss Lindquist, and Tor Johnson as circus strongman Mighty Adolf.
Pippi defeats bullies and burglars, and out-performs a circus strongman.
The episode has been released to DVD.
1969 television series
A Swedish television series, Pippi Longstocking, was created in 1968.
The stories were based on the books.
The first episode was broadcast on Sveriges Radio TV in February 1969.
It was a co-production between Sweden and West Germany.
Several German actors had roles in the series.
Inger Nilsson played Pippi.
Astrid Lindgren had been unhappy with the 1949 adaptation.
She wrote the script herself for this version.
The series was directed by Olle Hellbom who also directed several other Astrid Lindgren adaptations.
This version is the most well-known version in Sweden and other European countries.
Soviet television movie
A television movie version, Peppi Dlinnyychulok, was released in 1982 by Mosfilm.
It was produced by Margaret Mikalan, and starred Mikhail Boyarsky, Lev Durov and Tatiana Vasilieva.
Pippi was played by Svetlana Stupak, and her singing voice was provided by Svetlana Stepchenko.
ABC Weekend Special television special
In 1985, Carrie Kei Heim played Pippi in the ABC Weekend Special called Pippi Longstocking.
It was directed by Colin Chilvers.
It was shown in two parts: on November 2 and November 9.
The home of Pippi Longstocking
Pippi Longstocking and Astrid Lindgren
The Black Eye Galaxy (or Sleeping Beauty Galaxy; Messier 64, M64, Evil Eye Galaxy or NGC 4826) was discovered in 1779.
It is a fairly close galaxy, just over 24 million light years away.
It has a spectacular dark band of absorbing dust in front of its bright nucleus.
This is why it is called the "Black Eye" or "Evil Eye" galaxy.
M64 is well known among amateur astronomers because it can be seen in small telescopes.
Galactic collision
The gas in the outer areas of M64 rotates in the opposite direction to the gas and stars in the inner areas.
The inner area has a radius of only about 3,000 light-years, while the outer area extends another 40,000 light-years  Many new stars are near the edges between the two areas.
Astronomers think the oppositely rotating gas happened when M64 took in a galaxy that collided with it.
This happened over a billion years ago.
New stars are forming in the shear region.
The shear region is where the oppositely rotating gases collide, are pushed together, and get smaller.
The image shows hot, blue young stars that have just been made.
There are pink clouds of glowing hydrogen gas that fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light from newly made stars.
The small galaxy that collided with M64 has now been almost completely destroyed.
Its stars are either in the main galaxy or scattered into intergalactic space.
The motion of gas at the outer edge of M64 is a sign of the ancient collision.
Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is a prominent galaxy in the constellation  of Centaurus.
It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop at his home in  New South Wales, Australia.
NGC 5128 is either a Hubble type lenticular galaxy or a elliptical galaxy.
It is 1016 million light-years away.
NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth.
Its active center has been well studied.
The galaxy is the fifth brightest in the sky, and is an ideal amateur astronomy target.
The galaxy is only visible from low northern latitudes and the southern hemisphere.
Spitzer Space Telescope studies have confirmed that Centaurus A is colliding with, and devouring, a smaller spiral galaxy.
Like other starburst galaxies, the collision produced the intense burst of star formation.
The center of the galaxy has a supermassive black hole.
Its mass is about 55 million solar masses.
This ejects a relativistic jet with emissions in the X-ray and radio wavelengths.
Astronomers have taken radio observations of the jet ten years apart.
They found that the inner parts of the jet are moving at about half the speed of light.
X-rays are produced further out as the jet collides with surrounding gas.
This produces highly energetic particles.
The radio jets of Centaurus A are over a million light years long.
Marble Arch is a white Carrara marble monument which is on a large traffic island.
It is at the junction of Oxford Street, Park Lane, and Edgware Road, almost directly opposite Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park in the City of Westminster, London.
The name "Marble Arch" today usually refers to the area in West London where the arch is, at the southern end of Edgware Road.
There is also a Marble Arch underground station nearby.
Until 1851 it stood in front of Buckingham Palace.
The arch was designed in 1825 by John Nash as a ceremonial entrance to the courtyard of the new Buckingham Palace.
He was rebuilding the palace from the former Buckingham House.
The palace, as designed by Nash, was laid out around three sides of the courtyard, with the Marble Arch placed on its open eastern side.
The thou (abbreviation th) or mil (mainly United States) is a unit of length in the Imperial System and the United States Customary Units.
It is equal to  of an inch.
This is not to be confused with the old form of "you".
Thou comes from the Germanic languages, a shortening of thousandth.
Mil comes from the Romance languages, a shortening of mille.
The thou was introduced in 1844 by Joseph Whitworth as a substitute to traditional fractions such as     which cannot be defined simply in hundredths unlike  (0.25) or  (0.5).
Traditional fractions continued to be used, as they were a substantial part of other units of length.
Knock Madness is the third studio album by American rapper Hopsin.
It was released on November 24, 2013 through Funk Volume.
It has so far been supported by the singles "Old Friend", "Hop Is Back", and "Rip Your Heart Out" featuring Tech N9ne.
The album debuted at #132 on the Billboard 200 and sold 4,000 copies in the United States.
A week after it was released, the album rose to #76 on the Billboard 200 and sold 12,000 more copies.
The Yard (abbreviation yd, plural sometimes yds)  is a unit of length in the Imperial System and United States Customary Units.
A yard has always been 3 feet, although the length of a foot has changed frequently throughout history.
In 1959, the International Yard and Pound Agreement was signed between the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Canada.
It was defined as 0.9144 metres.
The United States continued to use the old yard under the name 'Survey Yard'
Roadsigns in the United Kingdom are in miles and yards, rarely in Canada and the Republic of Ireland.
It can also be used as a measure of area (square yard) and as a measure of volume (cubic yard).
It is also used to measure pitches and fields for a number of sports that originated from English speaking countries.
It finds seldom use in other metricated Commonwealth Nations.
Shohreh Solati (, born Fatemeh Solati on January 4, 1959, in Tehran) is an Iranian singer.
She is among the most active and prolific Iranian female singers.
Since the Iranian Revolution, she has continued her music career outside the country.
Shohreh Live in Canada
Best of Shohreh and Shahram
Best of Shohreh #1
Best of Shohreh #2
Zan Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Ghesseh Goo Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Nemizaram Beri Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Atr Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Safar Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Pishooni Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Havas Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Shohreh's official website
Iran Song discography
Iranian singers
Godzilla is a 2014 action adventure science fiction monster movie.
It is based on the Japanese movie monster of the same name.
It is the second Godzilla movie to be made by an American movie studio, after the 1998 movie of the same name.
It retells how Godzilla got started in the modern day as a "terrifying force of nature".
It was produced by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. Pictures, and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures worldwide (except in Japan, where it was distributed by Toho).
It was released on May 16, 2014.
Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Lieutenant Ford Brody
Bryan Cranston as Joe Brody
Elizabeth Olsen as Elle Brody
Ken Watanabe as Dr. Ishiro Serizawa
Juliette Binoche as Sandra Brody
David Strathairn as Admiral William Stenz
Richard T. Jones as a military figure "The Colonel"
Victor Rasuk as Tre Morales
Akira Takarada (unknown role)
Sally Hawkins as a scientist
Yuki Morita as Akio
CJ Adams as Young Ford
Jared Keeso as Jump Master
Patrick Sabongui as Master Sergeant Marcus Waltz
Al Sapienza as Huddleston
Brian Markinson as Whalen
The movie's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of its own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise, with Godzilla: King of the Monsters set to be released in 2019 and Godzilla vs. Kong to be released in 2020 with Godzilla set to battle with King Kong from Kong: Skull Island (2017).
Godzilla Encounter
Godzilla (2014) Movie News
Anguirus is a fictional monster who appears in movies in the Godzilla series.
He is a very large, mutated ankylosaurus.
He first appeared in Godzilla Raids Again, a 1955 kaiju movie from Toho Studios.
He was the first monster that Godzilla fought against.
Since then, he has fought with Godzilla against stronger monsters who put the Earth in danger.
This makes him one of Godzilla's most trusted allies.
Godzilla Raids Again (1955)
All Monsters Attack (1969) (stock footage)
Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973)
National Art Museum of Azerbaijan () is the biggest art museum of Azerbaijan.
It was founded in 1936 in Baku and in 1943 was named after Rustam Mustafayev, a famous Azerbaijani theater stage designer and theater artist.
The museum's total collection includes over 15,000 artworks.
There are over 3,000 items in 60 rooms on permanent display.
About 12,000 items are kept in storage.
The museum often changes the temporary displays so that more of these stored artworks can be displayed for a short time.
The museum is made up of two buildings standing next to each other.
The displays
Seven of the rooms in the first building show European art, and ten rooms show Russian art.
European art includes artworks of Italian (Guercino, Leandro Bassano, Francesco Solimena, Lorenzo Bartolini), French (Jules Dupré, Gaspard Dughet, Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant), Dutch/Flemish (Frans Hals, Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, Adriaen Brouwer, Adriaen van Ostade, Justus Sustermans, Pieter Claesz), German (Johann Heinrich Roos, Fritz August Kaulbach) and Polish (Jan Styka) painters.
The second building built in 1885 houses Eastern art, represented particularly by Persian, Turkish, Chinese and Japanese art.
Russian art is represented notably by paintings of Karl Briullov, Alexey Venetsianov, Vasily Vereshchagin, Isaac Levitan, Vladimir Makovsky, Valentin Serov, Vladimir Borovikovsky, Vasily Tropinin, Konstantin Korovin and Ivan Shishkin.
There are also restored artworks of Russian avant-garde.
Among Azerbaijani artists represented are painters Mir Mohsun Navvab, Bahruz Kangarli, Tair Salakhov, Azim Azimzade, Salam Salamzade, Vidadi Narimanbekov, Mikail Abdullayev, Togrul Narimanbekov and sculptor Omar Eldarov.
The works of Sattar Bahlulzade fill one entire room.
The first works were acquired from Saint-Petersburg, Moscow and private collections.
The museum expositions were later shown in Canada (1966), Cuba (1967), Syria (1968), France (1969), former Czechoslovakia, Algeria (both 1970), Iraq (1971) etc.
The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 until 18:00.
Museum's overview (Bakupages.com)
He was trained by professional wrestler Stanislaus Zbyszko in Argentina.
During his professional wrestling career, he was known for his unique, acrobatic, off-the-ground, flying wrestling style.
Rocca was responsible for the revival of the New York City Metropolitan-Area territory in the late 1940s which would eventually become part of the modern World Wrestling Entertainment.
Rocca would become one of the most well-known wrestlers in America during the golden age of television and had an uninterrupted seven-year run of headlining or co-headlining every main-event at the Garden.
Aside from singles competition, Rocca had a successful tag team career with Miguel Pérez.
Both Rocca and Pérez were known for drawing huge crowds to Madison Square Garden on a regular basis.
During the early 1950s, he held two regionally-recognized versions of professional-wrestling's world heavyweight singles-championship while he still headlined nationwide which was frequently in territories where other wrestlers were the recognized champs.
In 1949, he competed for the New York City-area territory owned by Joseph Raymond "Toots" Mondt and the Johnston family of promoters and was considered to be the box-office draw that helped bring wrestling back to Madison Square Garden, on a regular basis, for the first time since 1938.
In 1957, during a match against Dick the Bruiser, a riot erupted at Madison Square Garden when Rocca was busted open by Dick the Bruiser.
He formed a successful tag team with Jose Miguel Perez in 1957.
They won the NWA Capitol World Tag Team Championship and were never defeated after winning the title but it was abandoned after around five years.
During 1959 and 1960, he briefly worked with Kola Kwariani and Jack Pfefer, who took effective control of the Garden's wrestling office.
Rocca set the post-World War II record for wrestling-attendance at Madison Square Garden's 49th–50th Street location, drawing 21,950 fans in a singles-match against "the Amazing Zuma," a/k/a "Argentina Zuma," on January 2, 1960, as was reported by the New York Times.
After he was demoted, and because of the arrival of Buddy Rogers as the featured star at MSG in 1961, he left the WWWF and briefly set up a competing promotion (which was supported by Jim Crockett, Sr.
and others) based at the Sunnyside arena in Queens, NY but it was believed to have failed and it shut down.
During the mid-1970s, he teamed up with Vince McMahon to handle the color commentary on the WWWF's weekly television show.
On February 25, 1977, he made an appearance with World Wide Wrestling Federation and officiated a boxing match between Gorilla Monsoon and André the Giant at the famed Madison Square Garden.
Rocca died on March 15, 1977, at Roosevelt Hospital in New York City after suffering complications following an infection.
In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Kevin Nash.
American Wrestling Association (Montreal)
AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Montreal version) (one time)
American Wrestling Association (Ohio)
AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Ohio version) (one time)
NWA Capitol Wrestling
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Capitol version) (one time) (with Miguel Pérez)
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Northeast version) (one time) (with Miguel Pérez)
Southwest Sports, Inc.
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (two times)
WWC North American Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Miguel Pérez)
World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation
WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)CWC/WWWF International Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum (Class of 2003)Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards'''
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles in a liquid or a gas.
The motion is caused by fast-moving atoms or molecules that hit the particles.
Brownian Motion was discovered in 1827 by the botanist Robert Brown.
In 1827, while looking through a microscope at particles trapped in cavities inside pollen grains in water, he noted that the particles moved through the water; but he was not able to find out what was causing this motion.
Atoms and molecules had long been theorised as the main parts of matter.
Albert Einstein published a paper in 1905 that explained in precise detail how the motion that Brown had observed was a result of the pollen being moved by individual water molecules.
This was one of his first big contributions to science, and convinced many scientists that atoms and molecules exist,  It was further verified experimentally by Jean Perrin in 1908.
Perrin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926 "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter".
The direction of the force of atomic bombardment is constantly changing, and at different times the particle is hit more on one side than another, leading to the seemingly random nature of the motion.
There are too many molecular impacts making the Brownian pattern, so no scientific model can account for all of them.
That is why only probabilistic models of molecular populations can be used to describe it.
Two such models of the statistical mechanics were made by Einstein and Smoluchowski.
Another, pure probabilistic kind of models are stochastic process models.
There exist both simpler and more complicated stochastic processes which in extreme ("taken to the limit") may describe the Brownian Motion (see random walk and Donsker's theorem).
Norbert Wiener also studied Brownian Movement, with greater mathematical precision.
The Roman Lucretius's scientific poem "On the Nature of Things" (c. 60 BC) has a description of Brownian motion of dust particles in verses 113–140 from Book II.
He uses this to help people know for sure of the existence of atoms:
"Observe what happens when sunlight is let into a building and small building light on its shadowy places.
You will see an amount of tiny particles moving in an amount of ways..."
While Jan Ingenhousz described the strange motion of coal dust particles on the top of alcohol in 1785, the discovery of this is often given to the botanist Robert Brown in 1827.
Brown was studying pollen grains of the plant Clarkia pulchella suspended in water under a microscope when he observed minute particles, ejected by the pollen grains, executing a jittery motion.
By repeating the experiment with particles of inorganic matter he was able to rule out that the motion was life-related, although its origin was not known yet.
The first person to describe the mathematics behind Brownian motion was Thorvald N. Thiele in a paper on the method of least squares published in 1880.
This was followed by Louis Bachelier in 1900 in his PhD thesis "The Theory of Speculation", in which he presented an analysis of the stock and option markets.
The Brownian motion model of the stock market is often used, but Benoit Mandelbrot denied its applicability to stock price movements.
Albert Einstein (in one of his 1905 papers) and Marian Smoluchowski (1906) brought the solution of the problem to the attention of physicists, and presented it as a way to indirectly confirm the existence of atoms and molecules.
Their equations describing Brownian motion were checked by the experimental work of Jean Baptiste Perrin in 1908.
The University of New Haven is a private and nonsectarian university within West Haven, Connecticut, which borders the much larger city of New Haven.
The university was established in 1920 and given the name University of New Haven in 1970.
Kylie is the first album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, released on 4 July 1988.
The album was produced by Stock, Aitken and Waterman, who also wrote nine of the ten songs.
Mostly a dance-pop album, it also contains many bubblegum pop elements.
Kylie Minogue official website
A monster movie (also called a creature feature or giant monster movie) is a movie with humans trying to stay alive in attacks by very large monsters.
Monster movies can fit in the horror, fantasy, or science fiction genres.
In Japan, large monsters are called kaiju.
In many monster movies, the monster is created by humans because of something such as a bad experiment, the effects of radiation, or the destruction of habitat.
Since the 1953 movie The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, many monster movies have shown the monster being created by nuclear warfare.
One of the most well-known movie monsters, Godzilla, was created by a nuclear weapon.
Godzilla has appeared in 28 movies and has become a cultural icon in Japan.
The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms is a 1953 science fiction monster movie.
It was released on June 13, 1953, by Premier Productions.
It was produced by Warner Bros. It made over $5 million, including $2.25 million in the United States in its first year.
The movie was the first movie to show a monster being woken up or created by an explosion from an atomic bomb.
Its success helped cause the creation of more monster movies in the 1950s such as Godzilla.
An atomic bomb test in the Arctic Circle wakes up a sleeping dinosaur, the fictional Rhedosaurus.
After being woken up, it destroys New York City before being killed at Coney Island.
Paul Christian as Professor Tom Nesbitt
Paula Raymond as Lee Hunter
Cecil Kellaway as Dr. Thurgood Elson
Kenneth Tobey as Colonel Jack Evans
Donald Woods as Captain Phil Jackson
Ross Elliott as George Ritchie
Steve Brodie as Sgt.
Jack Pennick as Jacob Bowman
Michael Fox as ER doctor
Lee Van Cleef as Corporal Jason Stone
Frank Ferguson as Dr. Morton
King Donovan as Dr. Ingersoll
James Best as Charlie, radar operator
The Transkei (meaning the area beyond the river Kei), officially the Republic of Transkei was a Bantustan—an area for members of a specific ethnicity.
It was in the southeastern region of South Africa.
Its capital was Umtata (renamed Mthatha in 2004).
President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was born here.
Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa.
Xhosa is spoken by 7.6 million people, or about 18% of the South African population.
Xhosa is written using a Latin alphabet.
Henry Hare Dugmore helped translate the entire Bible in Xhosa language.
Xhosa has ten vowels.
The Thembu are a tribe that was made to fall under the subgroup of the Xhosa people during the Apartheid period .
They are one of the handful of nation groups that speak IsiXhosa in South Africa.
In Xhosa the name is abaThembu, aba- being a common prefix for peoples.
The current reigning King of the abathembu is King  Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo  whose praise name is Zwelibanzi.
The most recognizable Thembu person in Nelson Mandela.
The traditional homeland of the Thembu is called Thembuland.
The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
It was an important university for black Africans from 1916 to 1959.
It offered a Western-style, academically excellent education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite.
Nelson Mandela studied at the university during his early years before leading a group of students on a political strike and getting expelled.
Fort Hare
The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) is a part of the African National Congress for younger people.
It was founded in 1944 by Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu.
They created the foundation to put an end to apartheid in Africa.
The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was established on 2 April 1944, by Anton Lambede (who became the League’s first President), Nelson Mandela, Ashby Mda, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo.
They were joined by, Duma Nokwe, B Masekela, Ida Mtwa, Lillian Ngoyi, James Njongweni, William Nkomo and Dan Tloome.
The aim of the Youth League was to galvanise the youth to step up the fight against segregation within the country.
At the time the ANCYL was established, political circumstances in South Africa were tenuous as the ruling United Party was divided about South Africa’s participation in World War II.
Four years after the establishment of the Youth League, the United Party’s rule came to an end and the country was subsequently governed by the National Party.
The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political party in South Africa.
Since it was founded it has been led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
It is currently the fourth largest party in the National Assembly of South Africa.
It was very close with the African National Congress.
A Sit-ski is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.
It is made from fiberglass.
Early sit-skis looked like kayaks and had metal edges.
Sit-skis are used for para-Nordic skiing and para-alpine skiing.
If the sit-ski has one ski, it is sometimes name a mono-ski.
If a sit-ski has two skis, it is sometimes called a bi-ski.
Skiers first used bi-skis in para-alpine skiing before using mono-skis.
Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill.
Sit-ski users use outrigger skis.
In para-Nordic skiing, a sit-skier may use a normal ski pole that is not as long as one people standing up to ski would use.
A mono-ski is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.
Mono-skis are used only in para-alpine skiing.
People who use mono-skis need good balance to stop themselves from falling over.
The mono-ski has a chair with one ski attached to the bottom.
People first used mono-skis in 1985 in the United States.
Mono-skis have a hydraulic lift.
This makes it easier for a skier to get in and out of the mono-ski.
This article lists the most distant things known to us, all of which are galaxies or energy sources inside galaxies.
Their distances are described in two ways.
redshift = z, and billion light years (Gly).
As of 2012, there are only about 50 possible objects z=8 or farther, and another 100 z=7 candidates.
Candidates vary in their notablity, so not everything is included here.
1 Gly = 1 billion light-years = 109 ly.
UDFy-38135539 is the furthest confirmed object (spectroscopically analysed) at 13.1 Gly.
A double play is a play in baseball.
It is when two outs are performed in one playing action.
Double plays are called "the pitcher's best friend", because they cause more problems for offenses than any other plays.
The most common type of double play is when there is a player on first base and a ground ball is hit toward the middle of the infield.
UDFj-39546284 is a 'stellar structure' (probably a galaxy) reported January 27, 2011 as light from the oldest object.
It was detected through infrared observation by the Hubble Space Telescope.
It was reported in December 2012 to be at redshift z = 11.9 using Hubble and Spitzer telescope data, including Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF).
The actual stellar source of the light detected no longer exists.
The image is likely to correspond to a compact mini-galaxy of blue stars that existed as we see it 13.42 billion years ago, around "380 million years" after the Big Bang (estimated at 13.8 billion years ago).
At the time of the announcement, it was the oldest galaxy found.
It beat the previous distance record holder by about 150 million light years.
With the revision of the distance, it again became the oldest galaxy found as of December 12, 2012.
The next attempt to see further will be the James Webb Space Telescope launched sometime this decade.
Unlike UDFy-38135539, UDFj-39546284 has not been spectroscopically confirmed.
A galaxy first formed near to the end of the Dark Ages, it offers information from early after the Big Bang.
1896 Summer Olympics, games of the I Olympiad
1906 Summer Olympics, intercalated games, unofficial
2004 Summer Olympics, games of the XXVIII Olympiad
Cypriniformes is a group of ray-finned fish, which includes carps and minnows.
The group contains 320 genera, with over 3200 species.
1944 Summer Olympics (suspended for World War II)
Faegheh Atashin (, , born on 5 May 1950 in Tehran), known by her stage name Googoosh (, ), is an Iranian singer and actress.
She is considered one of most iconic female pop-singers in Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries.
Googoosh has been married three times.
She has a son, Kambiz.
1970: Do Panjareh (Two Windows)
1971: Mordab (The Swamp)
1972: Kooh (The Mountain)
1974: Do Maahi (Two Fish)
1974: Hamsafar (Co-Traveler)
1975: Pol (The Bridge)
1975: Mosabbeb (with Dariush)
1977: Dar Emtedâde Šab (Along the Night)
1978: Ageh Bemooni (If You Stay)
Nimeh Gomshodeh Man ("My Lost Half", year unknown)
Behtarin Fasl-e-Taazeh ("The Best Fresh Season", year unknown)
Jadeh (The Road)
Kavir (The Desert)
Yadam Basheh, Yadet Basheh (Shenasnameyeh 1)
Setaareh (The Star)
Mann O Gonjeshkayeh Khoneh (Me and Sparrows of the Home)
Lahzeh Bidari (Awakening Moment)
2000: Zartosht (Zoroaster)
2004: Akharin Khabar (Latest News)
2006: Manifest (Manifest)
2008: Shabe Sepid (White Night)
2010:  Hajme Sabz (Green Volume)
2012:  E'jaz (Miracle)
The writer of the lyrics was Armenak Sarkisya, a poet.
The composer of this song was Aram Khachaturian.
He was known for his ballets.
Like many national anthems of republics of the Soviet Union, this song praised Vladimir Lenin, the October Revolution and Communism.
It also praised the friendship of republics of the Soviet Union. "
Hayastan" in the lyrics was the name that the Armenian ethnic called themselves. "
Severe" in the lyrics means the Armenian history, such as earthquakes.
After Armenia became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991, the national anthem was changed to Our Fatherland.
This anthem did not begin with an intro.
This anthem never mentioned Stalin in the lyrics.
The University of Rhode Island (URI) is the main public research university in the U.S. State of Rhode Island.
It was established in 1892 as Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
The name was changed to Rhode Island State College around 1909, and officially to University of Rhode Island during 1951.
URI is in Kingston, Rhode Island.
In 1888 the university was chartered as Rhode Island's agricultural school and became the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1892.
The first class of 17 students was graduated two years later.
19th-century establishments in Rhode Island
Fluorescence is the light given off by certain substances when it absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation.
First the substance absorbs the energy, then it emits light.
When the light source is removed, the fluorescence stops occurring.
It is a form of luminescence.
Fluorescence in the life sciences is a way of tracking biological molecules.
A protein or other component can have a fluorescent dye attached to it, which allows a scientist to visually find the specific protein with a microscope.
In theatre, travesti (meaning "disguised") is a character performed by a person of the opposite gender.
A woman performing as a male in male clothing is called a breeches role.
Famous travesty roles in opera include Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro, Siebel in Faust, and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier.
In ballet, the role of Frantz in Coppélia was a travesty role at the Paris Opéra until the 1950s.
Carabosse in Tchaikovsky's ballet The Sleeping Beauty is performed by a man in woman's clothing.
The Stepsisters in Prokofiev's ballet Cinderella are sometimes played by men in women's clothing.
The title character is a travesty role in the Broadway musical Peter Pan.
Greyfriars Bobby (4 May 1855 - 14 January 1872) was a Skye terrier.
He belonged to a policeman in Edinburgh named John Gray.
When Mr. Gray died in 1858, he was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard.
Bobby stayed near the grave of Mr. Gray long after the funeral.
He would not leave.
The little dog came to be called Greyfriars Bobby.
He stayed at the grave for the rest of his life.
Bobby died in 1872.
He was buried just inside the gates of the kirkyard.
His grave is marked by a small pink granite stone.
Bobby's collar and bowl are displayed in the Museum of Edinburgh.
In 1873, Lady Angela Burdett-Coutts erected a drinking fountain (pictured) in Edinburgh to the memory of Greyfriars Bobby.
The bronze statue of Bobby on top of the fountain was made by William Brodie.
The fountain and statue have long been favourites of Scots.
The fountain is near the George IV Bridge in Edinburgh.
The statue of Bobby sits on top of a column of granite.
At the bottom, there is an eight-sided drinking basin for dogs.
Near the top, there is a drinking spout for people.
In 1957, the water was turned off because of health concerns.
Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson wrote a book about Bobby in 1912.
A movie based on the book was made in 1961.
This movie stars Tam O'Shanter as Bobby, and is described as "a tearjerker, one that saddens and lifts the spirit at the same time."
Luminescence is light emitted by a substance not caused by heat.
In contrast, incandescence is light emitted by a substance as a result of heating.
Luminescence can be caused by chemical reactions, electrical energy, subatomic motions, or piezoelectricity (stress on a crystal).
The term 'luminescence' was introduced in 1888 by Eilhard Wiedemann.
Some types of luminescence
Chemiluminescence, the making light from a chemical reaction.
Bioluminescence, emission as a result of biochemical reaction by a living organism
Fluorescence, emission after higher-energy electromagnetic radiation is applied
Phosphorescence, same cause, but emission is delayed, lasting sometimes for hours
Electroluminescence: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Victim blaming is holding the victim of a crime responsible for that crime.
Starting in the 1970s, the term was commonly used in the United States.
It was mainly used in connection with trials for rape, as well those with a racist background.
Shortly after, Adorno and three other professors at the University of California, Berkeley created their influential and highly debated F-scale (F for fascist), published in The Authoritarian Personality (1950), which included among the fascist traits of the scale the "contempt for everything discriminated against or weak."
A common example of victim blaming is the "asking for it" idiom, e.g. "she was asking for it" said of a victim of violence or sexual assault.
Opposing views
Roy Baumeisteress, a social and personality psychologist, argued that blaming the victim is not always wrong.
According to him, it can lead to new ideas that show that the victim was at least partly responsible for the act.
Baumeister argues that the common explanations of violence and cruelty are not helpful because they say that the victim was innocent.
According to him, in the classic telling of "the myth of pure evil," the innocent, well-meaning victims are going about their business when they are suddenly assaulted by terrible villains.
The situation, however, is not this simple; In most cases, the victim has done something to either anger the offender, or to help the offender's actions.
In spite of this, the actions that follow may be more important than the "victim's" first offense.
In 2005, Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad gave a speech in Australia in which he blamed women for being rape victims.
He said:  "A victim of rape every minute somewhere in the world.
No one to blame but herself.
She displayed her beauty to the entire world... Strapless, backless, sleeveless, showing their legs, nothing but satanic skirts, slit skirts, translucent blouses, miniskirts, tight jeans: all this to tease man and appeal to his carnal [sexual] nature.
In a case that became famous in 2011, an eleven-year-old victim of repeated gang rapes in Cleveland, Texas, was accused by the defense attorney of sexually attracting men on purpose so that they would try to rape her.
"Like the spider and the fly.
Wasn't she saying, 'Come into my parlor, said the spider to the fly?'
", he asked a witness.
The New York Times ran an article uncritically reporting on the way many in the community blamed the victim, for which the newspaper later apologized.
Greyfriars Bobby is a family-oriented Walt Disney movie from 1961.
It was based on Eleanor Atkinson's 1912 book of the same name.
The movie was directed by Don Chaffey, and stars Donald Crisp and Laurence Naismith.
The movie is about a Skye terrier named Bobby.
When his master dies, Bobby will not leave his graveside in Greyfriars Kirkyard.
Two men in the neighborhood quarrel over owning the the dog, but the dog remains on his master's grave.
When "Greyfriars Bobby" is threatened with being put down because he does not have a license, the poor children of the neighborhood use their money to buy him the needed license.
Bobby is given the freedom of the city.
Ambroise Vollard (3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was one of the most important dealers in French modern art in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
He had his portrait painted by so many artists that Picasso said "The most beautiful woman who ever lived has never had her portrait painted, drawn, or engraved any oftener than Vollard".
In most cases he bought art directly from the painters of his day.
He was the first owner of Cézanne's Vue sur l'Estaque et le Chateau d'If.
This sold at Christie's in London for £13,522,500 in February 1015.
He sold these almost unknown artists, who became world-famous.
They included Paul Cézanne, Aristide Maillol, Renoir, Louis Valtat, Pablo Picasso, André Derain, Georges Rouault, Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh.
He was also an avid art collector and publisher.
After graduation, Vollard became a collector-dealer in art.
In 1893, he started his own art gallery, at Rue Laffitte, then the center of the Parisian market for modern art.
There Vollard put on his first major exhibition: Manet and others were followed by Gauguin and Van Gogh (4 – 30 June 1895).
Not attractive in appearance, he was a very shrewd businessman who made a fortune.
In 1930 Vollard commissioned Picasso to produce a suite of 100 etchings which became known as the Vollard Suite.
Vollard would later write biographies of Cézanne (1914), Degas, and Renoir, as well as the charming Recollections of a Picture Dealer (1936).
Vollard was killed in July 1939, at the age of 73, on his way to Paris, when his chauffer-driven car skidded off the road.
The fate of the collection
"Are you aware of the enormity of the estate?
Discoveries everywhere, valuable things, never sold nor noted, discoveries under piles of canvases, priceless, surpassing all calculation, the heirs in incredible disorder, lawsuit after lawsuit will follow".
Vollard died without direct heirs.
Much of the art was left to extended family and close friends, although a significant number of works apparently were sold, dispersed, or disappeared during World War II.
More than 80 years after his death, works from his collection were sold after agreement with the various claimants to his estate.
Massive auctions were held by Sotheby's in Paris and London in June 2010.
1900 Summer Olympics, games of the II Olympiad
1924 Summer Olympics, games of the VIII Olympiad
1932 Summer Olympics, games of the X Olympiad
1984 Summer Olympics, games of the XXIII Olympiad
2028 Summer Olympics, games of the XXXVII Olympiad
Khomein (, also Romanized as Khomeyn, Khowmeyn, and Khūmaīn) is a city in and the capital of Khomeyn County, Markazi Province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 64,031, in 17,399 families.
The city is the birthplace of the Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution.
Sorkheh (, also Romanized as Surkheh) is a city in and the capital of Sorkheh County, in Semnan Province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 9,062, in 2,686 families.
Its inhabitants speak Sorkhei, a Semnani language or dialect.
Hassan Rouhani (1948–), President of Iran from 2013 to 2021.
Semnan Province (, Ostān-e Semnān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
Located north of the country, its center is Semnan.
Tommy Gunn (born May 13, 1967 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is an American pornographic actor.
He began his career in pornographic movies in 2004.
Semnan Province, a province in Iran
Semnan County, a county in the Semnan Province of Iran
Semnan, Iran, a city in the Semnan County of Iran
Semnan (; , also Romanized as Semnān and Samnān) is a city in and capital of Semnan Province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 124,999, in 36,298 families.
Semnan is located 216 kilometers east of Tehran.
Semnan.ir
Razavi Khorasan Province (, Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Rażavī ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
Its capital is Mashhad.
This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 927.
For later monarchs, see the List of English monarchs.
Details for many of the later English monarchs are confirmed by a number of sources.
But the earliest kings of Wessex predate many written sources.
Wessex was one of the seven kingdoms of the British Heptarchy.
This is a later name given to the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England during the early Middle Ages.
Besides Wessex it included Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, and Sussex.
The year 865 saw the arrival of the Great Heathen Army in East Anglia.
One by one the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were defeated by the Danes (Vikings).
By the close of the ninth century the last four independent kingdoms of England had been reduced to just one.
Under Alfred the Great Wessex became the core of a unified England.
His grandson, Athelstan was the first King of England.
Monarchs of the West Saxons (Wessex)
Cerdicing Dynasty
Cerdic (519–534)
Creoda (534?)
Likely disputed
Cynric (534–560)
Ceawlin (560–591)
Ceol (591–597)
Ceolwulf (597–611)
Cynegils (611–643)
Cwichelm (626–636)
Cenwalh (643–645)
Centwine (probable) (645–648)
Cenwalh (648–672) (restored to the throne)
Seaxburh (672–674)
Cenfus (674)
Aescwine (674–676)
Centwine (676–685)
Caedwalla (685–688)
Ine (688–726)
Athelheard (726–740)
Cuthred (740–756)
Sigeberht (756–757)
Cynewulf (757–786)
Beorhtric (786–802)
Egbert (802–839)
Athelwulf (839–858)
Athelbald (858–860)
Athelbert (860–865)
Athelred (865–871)
Alfred the Great (871–899)
Edward the Elder (899–924)
Alfweard (924), son of Edward, ruled for 16 days.
Athelstan (924–927), after 927 ruled as King of the English.
South Khorasan Province ( Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī ) is a province in eastern Iran.
Birjand is the centre of the province.
Other major cities include Ferdows, Tabas and Qaen.
Khorasan
The text of the law for division of Khorasan into three provinces (in Persian)
Cultural Heritage Foundation of Khorasan
North Khorasan Province (, Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī and Kurdish: Xorasani kurdi) is a province in northeastern Iran.
Its capital is Bojnord.
Bojnord (Persian: بجنورد) (also spelled Bojnūrd, Bujnūrd, Bojnoord, or Bujnurd.)
is the capital city of North Khorasan Province, Iran.
It is about  from Tehran.
Ardabil  (Persian and Azeri: اردبیل, also Romanized as Ardabīl and Ardebīl) is a historical city in north-western Iran.
The name Ardabil comes from the Zoroastrian name of "Artawila", meaning a holy place.
Ardabil is the capital of Ardabil Province.
At the 2011 census, its population was 564,365, in 156,324 families, Its inhabitants are ethnic Azeris.
Ardabil is also known for the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn, eponym of the Safavid Dynasty.
Ardabil Tourist Attractions
http://www.irantour.org/Iran/province/ardabil.html.
http://www.travel-images.com/az-ardebil.html
Ardabil Province (, Ostān-e Ardabīl ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
Its capital is Ardabil.
The province was established in 1993 from the eastern part of East Azarbaijan and the northern part of Gilan.
Sana'a ( ) is a governorate of Yemen.
However, the city of Sana'a is not part of the governorate.
Instead, it forms the separate district of Amanat Al-Asemah.
The governorate covers an area of 13,850 km².
As of 2004, the population was 918,379 inhabitants.
Al Hudaydah ( ) is a governorate of Yemen.
Hajjah ( ) is a governorate of Yemen.
Its capital is Hajjah.
Sa'dah ( ) is one of the governorates of Yemen.
Its capital is Sa'dah.
IRIN 2007, 'Humanitarian situation in Saada remains poor despite peace agreement', IRIN, 31 July.
Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
1964 Winter Olympics IX Olympic Winter Games
1976 Winter Olympics XII Olympic Winter Games
2012 Winter Youth Olympics I Winter Youth Olympics
1944 Winter Olympics VI Olympic Winter Games (suspended for World War II)
1956 Winter Olympics IV Olympic Winter Games
1936 Winter Olympics IV Olympic Winter Games
1940 Winter Olympics V Olympic Winter Games (suspended for World War II)
Greyfriars Kirkyard is a cemetery in Edinburgh, Scotland.
It surrounds Greyfriars Kirk in the Old Town.
Burials have been held since the late 16th century.
The kirk and its monuments are protected as a category A-listed building.
The kirkyard is said to be haunted.
Many notable Scots are buried in the kirkyard including Sir George Mackenzie, Lord Advocate Mary Erskine, Regent of Scotland George Buchanan, and John Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton.
The kirkyard is the resting place of Greyfriars Bobby, a Skye terrier who stayed by his master's grave in the kirkyard for 14 years.
The Skye terrier is a breed of dog.
It is medium sized with short legs, a long body, and a large head.
It has a long coat of hair that protects the animal from injury and bad weather.
It is one of the oldest terrier breeds, and  has its origins on the Isle of Skye, Scotland.
The dog was bred to destroy the pests around farms and livestock.
The dog became popular in the 19th century because Queen Victoria made it a favorite.
The most famous Skye terrier is Greyfriars Bobby.
He stayed beside his master's grave for 14 years, rain or shine.
There is a statue and fountain in Edinburgh that remembers him.
The B-25 Empire State Building crash was a plane crash that occurred on July 28, 1945.
On that date, a B-25 Mitchell plane in heavy fog crashed into the Empire State Building in New York City.
It caused 14 deaths (three people in the plane and eleven people in the building).
It caused damage of around $1 million.
The plane crashed between the 78th and 80th floors of the building, leaving a 18 ft (5.5 m) by 20 ft (6.1 m) hole in the building.
The fire that was started was put out in 40 minutes.
It is the only fire at such a height that has been successfully put out.
Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a fall of 75 floors, which is the Guinness World Record for the longest fall survived in an elevator.
The building was reopened the Monday after the crash.
On This Day in Aviation History: July 28th
Video Footage
1945 in the United States
Pulp fiction is a kind of literature.
It gets its name from the cheap, wood pulp paper it was printed on.
Pulp fiction covered several genres: romance, western, science fiction, horror, detective, adventure, etc.
It was most popular in the United States during the 1920s–1940s.
Publication then decreased, perhaps because television took over the evening hours for readers and magazines were not read as often.
Pulp fiction was published in a cheap magazine format often with gaudy covers.
Stories were sometimes serialized, meaning the reader had to buy each monthly issue over a period of time to complete a particular story.
The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (Chinese: ) was a time when Japan controlled Hong Kong.
It began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, gave up the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941.
The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan gave up at the end of Second World War.
One day after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong started, the Japanese military yen was changed to the only legal currency of Hong Kong.
In January 1942, two Hong Kong dollars could be converted to one Japanese military yen.