the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
On 23 September 2014, Elizabeth Dowdeswell became Lieutenant Governor.
Médée is a French opera in three acts.
Luigi Cherubini wrote the music.
The libretto is by François-Benoît Hoffmann (Nicolas Étienne Framéry).
It is based on Euripides' tragedy of Medea and on Pierre Corneille's play Médée.
It was first performed in Paris on 13 March 1797.
The Italian version by Carlo Zangarini was performed in Milan on 30 December 1909.
The opera is Cherubini's most successful work.
It was revived in 1953 for Maria Callas.
Medea (Médée) - soprano
Glauce (Dircé) - soprano
Giasone (Jason) - tenor
Neris (Néris) - mezzo-soprano
Creonte (Créon) - bass
Original French Version
1995: Iano Tamar (Médée), Patrizia Ciofi (Dircé), Luca Lombardo (Jason), Magali Damonte (Néris), Jean-Philippe Courtis (Créon); Coro da Camera Sluk, Orchestra Internazionale d'Italia Opera, Patrick Fournillier - (Nuova Era)
1997: Phyllis Treigle (Médée), Thaïs St Julien (Dircé), Carl Halvorson (Jason), D'Anna Fortunato (Néris), David Arnold (Créon); Chorus Quotannis, Brewer Chamber Orchestra, Bart Folse - (Newport Classic)
Lachner version, in Italian translation by Zangarini
1953: Maria Callas (Medea), Maria Luisa Nache (Glauce), Gino Penno (Giasone), Fedora Barbieri (Neris), Giuseppe Modesti (Creonte); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Leonard Bernstein - (EMI Classics)
1957: Maria Callas (Medea), Renata Scotto (Glauce), Mirto Picchi (Giasone), Miriam Pirazzini (Neris), Giuseppe Modesti (Creonte); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Tullio Serafin - (EMI Classics)
1967: Gwyneth Jones (Medea), Pilar Lorengar (Glauce), Bruno Prevedi (Giasone), Fiorenza Cossotto (Neris), Justino Díaz (Creonte); Orchestra e coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Lamberto Gardelli - (Decca)
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Other parties registered with Elections Ontario
Unregistered parties
League for Socialist Action
North American Labour Party
Ontario Humanist Party
Socialist Party of Ontario
Historical parties that held seats in the Legislative Assembly
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (first election 1934) 1932–1961
(Independent) Labour 1874-1937
Labor-Progressive Party 1941-1959
Liberal-Labour 1943-1970s
Liberal-Progressive 1934-1940
Soldier 1919-1923
Patrons of Industry 1894
Protestant Protective Association 1894
United Farmers of Ontario 1918-1940
Pre-Confederation parties
Clear Grits pre-Confederation
Reform Party pre-Confederation
Family Compact (pre-1837 ruling clique)
Other historical parties
Toronto municipal parties
The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario is a centre-right political party in Ontario, Canada.
The party was organized in 1854 by Sir John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier.
It has formed the government of Ontario for 80 of the last 147 years, including the period from 1943 to 1985.
In the 2014 provincial general election, the party won 28 out of 107 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
On July 2, 2014, Jim Wilson was chosen to be the temporary leader of the party and Leader of the Opposition.
In the 2018 Ontario general election, they won a full majority of seats under the leadership of Doug Ford.
2018 Platform
On March 10, 2018, Doug Ford, former city councillor and the brother of the late former Mayor of Toronto Rob Ford, was chosen as the leader of the PC Party, closely beating runner-up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points, however Elliot had more votes.
Since Ford didn't have a seat in the legislature, Ford opted to have Vic Fedeli continue as Leader of the Opposition prior to the 2018 election.
On June 7, 2018, Ford led the party to a majority government.
The PC Party won 76 of 124 seats and 40.5% of the vote.
Political parties of Ontario
1860s establishments in Canada
Ontario Highway 416 is a provincial highway in Eastern Ontario, Canada.
It connects the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 417) in Ottawa with Highway 401.
Highway 416 starts at an interchange with Highway 401 near Johnstown.
It continues north through rural areas until it reaches Ottawa near its northern end.
It passes through several towns, including Spencerville and Kemptville.
The highway ends at an interchange with Highway 417 east of Ottawa.
Ontario Highway 118 is a provincial highway in Central Ontario, Canada.
It starts at Highway 11 near Bracebridge.
It ends at Highway 28 near Bancroft.
The highway runs through the District Municipality of Muskoka and Haliburton County, with a short part in Hastings County at its eastern end.
Transavia is a Dutch and French low-cost carrier.
It is currently owned by Air France-KLM.
It began on January 3, 1966.
It was the third airline founded in the Netherlands.
The first scheduled flight happened on October 26, 1986.
It has scheduled (planned) and charter (irregular) flights to many destinations in Europe.
The K5 Blazer was the smallest full-size SUV version of the Chevrolet C/K Truck family.
It was added to the Chevrolet line in 1969.
The full-size Blazer was replaced in 1995 by the Chevrolet Tahoe.
In 1970, GMC introduced its own model of the truck, called the Jimmy.
The Blazer name was also discontinued in 1994 and replaced by the GMC Yukon.
However the Blazer has a re-design in 1992 in which would later become the Tahoe in 1995.
Both were based on the short wheelbase trucks.
They were available with either rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive.
The K5 Blazer and Jimmy had "full convertible" removable tops until 1975.
In 1976, GM introduced a half-cab design that was less prone to leaks.
It was slightly safer in a rollover accident.
These half cabs also had a removable top section.
It started at a few inches behind the driver/passenger doors all the way back to the tailgate.
First generation 1969–1972
When it was introduced in 1969, it was available as 4-wheel drive only.
In 1970, a two-wheel-drive model was offered.
There were four engine choices: the 250 in straight-6, the 292 straight-6, the 307 V8, and the 350 V8.
The Blazer was designed and marketed to compete with International Harvester Scout and the Ford Bronco.
Both of these were originally aimed at the short Jeep CJ series.
But all three were much smaller than other trucks.
The Blazer was a shortened pickup truck.
This gave it increased interior space.
It also lowered the cost of production with a shared platform.
For the first time, it married the off-road capabilities of the Scout with the "luxury" features like air conditioning and automatic transmissions.
At that time were usually available on cars.
By 1970, the Blazer was already outselling both of its older rivals.
It took Jeep (with the Cherokee) and Dodge (with the Dodge Ramcharger) to introduce similar models.
Ford did not have a competing model until 1978 (Ford F-Series pickup).
The two-wheel drive version came with independent front suspension and rear trailing arms, both with coil springs.
The four-wheel drive version had a solid front axle and used leaf springs front and rear.
Both versions used drum brakes at all four wheels until 1971.
This is when the entire GM light truck line got standard front disc brakes.
There was also a choice between a three-speed automatic transmission Turbo Hydromatic (TH350), a three-speed manual transmission, and a four-speed Synchromesh (SM465) manual transmission.
Two transfer cases were offered.
The Dana 20 was available only with the manual transmissions.
The NP-205 was available with both types of transmissions.
The Blazer had  of ground clearance and an approach angle of 35°.
In 1973, GM's line of full-size trucks was redesigned and updated.
Although rear-wheel drive Blazers were manufactured until 1982, the majority sold were four-wheel drive.
Until 1975, the K5 had a removable convertible top.
In 1976, a half-cab design was introduced and used until 1991.
The GMT400 platform was introduced in the spring of 1987 as for the 1988 model trucks.
However, the K5 Blazer, Suburban, and crew-cab (four-door) trucks kept the earlier platform until 1991.
In 1989, the front grille was changed to look like the ones used on the GMT400 series of pickups.
The K5 Blazer was available with a 305ci (1981–1987), 307ci (1973 only), 350ci (1973–1991), or 400ci (1973–1980) small blocks, the 250ci Inline-6 (1973–1984), or the 6.2L Detroit Diesel (1982–1987).
Starting in 1981 the NP208 transfer case was used.
From 1988 to 1991 the NP241 transfer case was used with some axles.
The second generation K5 models made the rear hatch glass and tailgate into a single unit.
This allowed the glass panel to retract inside the tailgate.
It used either a manual handle or an electric motor to raise and lower the glass.
For better fuel economy second generation Blazers used the smaller displacement 305 V-8.
These engines produced nearly as much torque as the 350 V-8.
However, these engines were not as powerful and prone to detonation (engine knocking).
After 1987, when throttle-body injection was introduced in the truck engines, the 350 was made the standard engine.
M1009 CUCV
Around 1981, a prototype K5 Blazer was used as a testbed for a military CUCV vehicle.
Between 1983 and 1987, what is known as the M1009 CUCV was the production military version of the civilian K5.
The differences are the lack of an air conditioner.
They had an additional leaf spring in the suspension.
Instead of the normal 12 V car battery the military version used a hybrid 12/24 volt system.
It also had blackout headlights, front mounted brush guard, a rifle rack and special paint jobs.
A majority of them are painted olive drab green or in the woodland camouflage pattern.
Some M1009s that saw desert use were painted tan.
All M1009s are powered with the 6.2 L Diesel engine.
Some decommissioned M1009s end up in law enforcement use (for example with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department).
Some were sold through government auctions.
A few are still in use by the National Guard.
TAROM is the national airline of Romania.
Its main hub is at Otopeni Airport at Bucharest.
The government of Romania owns 95% of TAROM.
TAROM began in 1954.
Since Romania was part of the Eastern Bloc, TAROM had to fly mostly airplanes made by the Soviet Union.
When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, TAROM was allowed to buy airplanes from other countries.
TAROM started flying Airbus planes in 1993.
In 2010, TAROM joined SkyTeam.
As of 2016, TAROM owns 23 airplanes and goes to 79 cities across Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.
Because of the effect the wheelbase has on the weight distribution of the vehicle, wheelbase dimensions are very important to the balance and steering.
In high performance vehicles a longer wheelbase is more stable at higher speeds.
A short wheelbase vehicle is usually able to corner faster but may be less aerodynamic.
The wheelbase, along with the track, affects a vehicle's steering angle (how sharply it can turn).
Wheelbase has an effect on a vehicle's turning radius (or turning circle).
This is the smallest circle an automobile can turn or U-turn within.
A long wheelbase automobile or truck cannot turn as sharply as a short wheelbase vehicle.
Towing and wheelbase
If the vehicle is towing a trailer (in British English a caravan) the weight distribution of the trailer is critical.
If too much of the trailer's weight, called "tongue weight", presses down on the vehicle's tow hitch (more than 15 percent) it can cause the vehicle to go out of control.
Too little tongue weight (less than 10 percent) can cause the trailer to sway from side to side.
this in turn can make the vehicle difficult or even impossible to control.
The shorter the wheelbase the more quickly these forces can cause a loss of control.
A longer wheelbase vehicle is generally more desirable for towing.
Each vehicle has a tow rating showing how much weight it can tow safely.
A vehicle's wheelbase is also important to the overall aesthetic appeal of a automobile design.
Wheelbase is part of the balance and proportion of an automobile.
Some Luxury vehicles are offered with long wheelbases to increase the spaciousness and luxury of the vehicle.
This is found most often on full-size cars.
In contrast, coupé varieties of the some vehicles such as the Honda Accord are usually built on shorter wheelbases than the sedans they are based on.
Bicycle and motorcycle geometry
Static equilibrium
The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table, is a list of 76 kings of Ancient Egypt.
It was written on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt.
The list has three rows of 38 cartouches (borders around the name of a king) in each row.
The upper two rows list the kings, while the third row repeats Seti I's throne name and praenomen.
It lists the Old Kingdom kings in the order in which they ruled.
It is the only record of the names of many of the kings of the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties.
The king list
Seventh/Eighth Dynasty
Eleventh/Twelfth Dynasty
Turin King List or Turin Papyrus
Abydos Table
Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components.
A load is the amount of weight a structure has to carry.
Structural analysis is the calculation of the effects of loads on physical structures.
Excess load or overloading may cause structural failure.
This is a consideration in the design and construction of a structure.
Mechanical structures, such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships and submarines, have their own particular structural loads and actions.
In a vehicle, especially trucks, the chassis is designed to carry the structural load.
In many cars unibody construction is used where the metal skin (or other materials) is designed to carry the load.
Gravity on Earth is an attractive force that affects all objects.
A gravity load is one that the downward force of gravity affects.
Structural loads
Dead load is the load that permanently acts on the structure.
It includes the structure itself.
A dead load is a gravity load.
Live load is anything the structure is designed to carry.
Live loads may move within the structure exerting different loads in different parts of the structure at different times.
They are not permanent.
A live load may be furniture and people in a building.
It may be passengers and luggage in a vehicle.
Wind load is the force of wind against the surface of a structure.
Wind loads are horizontal lateral forces.
Wind load is very important in the design of taller buildings.
Wind shear is a force that may affect structures vertically or horizontally.
Uplift is a negative force caused by wind.
It may cause a roof to lift upward.
Snow load is the load caused by snow.
Similar to a live load is it not permanent and may move due to wind causing snow to drift on a roof.
Other environmental loads
Seismic loads
Temperature changes leading to thermal expansion cause thermal loads
Ponding loads
Lateral pressure of soil, groundwater or bulk materials
Loads from fluids or floods
Permafrost melting
Aircraft structural loads
For aircraft, loading is divided into two major categories: limit loads and ultimate loads.
Limit loads are the maximum loads a component or structure may carry safely.
Ultimate loads are the limit loads times a factor of 1.5 or the point beyond which the component or structure will fail.
Gust loads are determined statistically and are provided by an agency such as the Federal Aviation Administration.
Crash loads are loosely bounded by the ability of structures to survive the deceleration of a major ground impact.
Other loads that may be critical are pressure loads (for pressurized, high-altitude aircraft) and ground loads.
Loads on the ground can be from adverse braking or maneuvering during taxiing.
Aircraft are constantly subjected to cyclic loading.
These cyclic loads can cause metal fatigue.
Payback (2015) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view produced by WWE that was held on May 17, 2015 at Royal Farms Arena in Baltimore, Maryland.
It was the third Payback event.
The event was free to new subscribers on WWE's monthly subscription service, the WWE Network.
The main event saw Seth Rollins defeat Roman Reigns, Dean Ambrose and Randy Orton in a Fatal 4-Way match to retain the WWE World Heavyweight Championship.
Rollins won by pinfall after a Pedigree to Orton.
Official Payback 2015 website
Argentina national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of Argentina.
The team's best achievements are the 1982 World Championship bronze medal and the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
Olympics: Bronze medal (1988)
World Championship: Bronze Medal (1982)
America's Cup: Silver medal (1998)
www.feva.org.ar - Argentina Volleyball Federation (FeVA)
Spain national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of Spain.
On 16 September 2007 the team won the European title.
That is the best result reached by the team in his history.
European Championship: Gold medal (2007)
European League: Gold Medal (2007) - Silver medal (2009, 2010, 2011) - Bronze medal (2005, 2012)
www.rfevb.com - Spain Volleyball Federation (Real Federación Española de Voleibol - RFEVB)
Andrea Anastasi (born October 8, 1960 in Poggio Rusco, Italy) is a former Italian volleyball player, World Champion 1990, European Championship 1989, World League 1990 and World League 1991, head coach of Polish club Lotos Trefl Gdańsk.
Lega Pallavolo Serie A player profile
Italian volleyball players
Two for the Road is a 1967 comedy-drama motion picture.
This movie is about a couple who examine their relationship while on a trip to southern France.
Audrey Hepburn plays Joanna Wallace.
Albert Finney plays Mark.
Bitche is a commune in the Lorraine region in northeastern France.
It is known for its large citadel.
The surrounding area is known as le Pays de Bitche ("Land of Bitche") and Bitscherland in German.
In Cold Blood is a 1967 American crime-drama movie.
The movie is based on the novel of the same name.
It is about Richard Hickock and Perry Smith.
In 1959, the two men break into a Kansas home and kill four people.
They drive to Las Vegas, then to Mexico.
They are later caught by police, tried for the murders, then executed.
Robert Blake plays Perry Smith.
Scott Wilson plays Richard Hickock.
The movie was released on 14 December 1967.
It was officially rated R by the MPAA for violence.
1967 crime movies
Casino Royale is a 1967 spy-comedy movie.
The movie is about James Bond being forced from retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies.
Ursula Andress plays Vesper Lynd.
David Niven plays James Bond.
The movie was a financial success.
It took in over $41 million worldwide.
The reviews for Casino Royale, were mixed.
1960s spy movies
Movies directed by Robert Parrish
Movies directed by Val Guest
Fanny Brice (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951) was an American singer, comedian, theater and movie actress.
She appeared in many Broadway plays.
She also appeared on television and radio.
On radio, she played Snooks in The Baby Snooks Show.
In the movie Everybody Sing, she played Olga.
Brice was born in New York City.
She died in Hollywood, California from a cerebral hemorrhage.
Stephanie Courtney (born February 8, 1970) is an American actress and comedian.
She acts in television and radio commercials.
She played Flo in commercials for Progressive Insurance.
She also played Diane on the ABC comedy series Caveman.
Abigail "Abby" Elliott (born June 16, 1987) is an American actress and comedian.
She does impressions of celebrities on television.
She played Jeanette Peterson in How I Met Your Mother.
She also played Taylor in the 2014 remake movie Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
Elliott was born in New York City.
Her father, Chris Elliott, was on Saturday Night Live in 1994-1995.
Her grandfather is comedian Bob Elliott.
The South Saqqara Stone is a large piece of stone.
Written on the stone is a list of the pharaohs of the 6th dynasty of ancient Egypt.
The list includes Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Merenre and Pepi II.
The list finishes with Pepi II which means it was probably written during his rule.
The list is a record of the events which took place during each kings rule.
However the stone was used later as the lid of sarcophagus.
This was for the burial of the ancient Egyptian queen Ankhenespepi.
A lot of the writing can not be read any longer.
The South Saqqara Stone was discovered in 1932-33 by Gustave Jéquier.
It was in a storeroom, south of the pyramid of Queen Iput II.
This is part of the pyramid complex of Pepi II at Saqqara.
Saqqara was the main burial area for the city of Memphis.
The stone is a piece of basalt, 2.43 metres by 0.92 metres and 20 centimetres thick.
It has writing on both sides, but much of the writing has been removed and is unreadable.
The writing on the South Saqqara Stone means it is an important object.
The list of pharaohs has details about the annual or biannual cattle count.
This matches details in other lists such as the Turin King List.
This allows archaeologists to work out how long each king ruled.
From the information on the stone it can be worked out that  Teti ruled for at least 12 years, Userkare 2-4 years, Pepi I 49-50 years and 11-13 years for Merenre.
The Stone is one of the earliest historical documents in existence.
It has the names of all the pharaohs known to the people who made it.
Francesco Raffaele: "The South Saqqara Stone"
Michel Baud, Vassil Dobrev, De nouvelles annales de l'Ancien Empire égyptien.
Une "Pierre de Palerme" pour la VIe dynastie, BIFAO 95 (1995), pp.23-92
The Heterobranchs are a large group of snails and slugs.
The group includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod molluscs.
Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods.
It has three informal groups:  The details are extremely complicated, and not yet quite worked out.
Experts say they have "poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships".
Lower Heterobranchia: a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails.
Opisthobranchia: almost all are marine species, some shelled and some not.
They are a group of slugs and snails with grinding gizzard plates.
Pulmonata.
This is a group which  is familiar to most people.
It includes most land snails and slugs, many freshwater snails and a few marine species.
They breathe air, are hermaphrodite, and usually have no operculum.
Yoshi's Woolly World (known as Yoshi Wool World in Japan) is a side-scrolling platform video game.
It was developed by Good-Feel and published by Nintendo.
The game was released on 26 June 2015 in Europe, Fall 2015 in North America, Summer 2015 in Japan, and on 25 June 2015 in Australia.
It will be released for the Wii U. Yoshi's Woolly World will be the first Yoshi video game to be released on a home console since Yoshi's Story was release for the Nintendo 64 in 1997.
The game was announced by Nintendo CEO Satoru Iwata on 23 January 2013 under the name Yarn Yoshi.
It supports Amiibo figurines.
A new line of Amiibo made out of yarn will be released.
Nintendo is planning to release three Yoshi Amiibo in pink, green, and blue.
A stage in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U is based on Yoshi's Woolly World.
Warren Weinstein (July 3, 1941 – January 14, 2015) was an American contractor and economist.
He was a director in Pakistan for J.E. Austin Associates.
He was kidnapped by eight al-Qaeda members on August 13, 2011 in Lahore, Pakistan.
He was killed in a January 2015 US drone strike on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
His death was announced by U.S. President Barack Obama at a White House press conference on April 23, 2015.
Adam Yahiye Gadahn (, Ādam Yaḥyā Ghadan; September 1, 1978 – January 19, 2015) was an American senior operative, cultural interpreter, spokesman and media advisor for the Islamist group al-Qaeda.
Since 2004, he had appeared in a number of videos produced by al-Qaeda as "Azzam the American" ('Azzām al-Amrīki, عزام الأمريكي, sometimes transcribed as Ezzam Al-Amerikee).
He was born in Oregon.
The Magnificent Seven is an American western movie.
The music composer was Elmer Bernstein.
He was nominated for an Academy Award for Original Music Score in 1960.
The movie stars Yul Brynner, Eli Wallach and Steve McQueen.
The movie is a western style version of Akira Kurosawa's Japanese-language movie Seven Samurai, made in 1954.
Other actors are Charles Bronson, Robert Vaughn, James Coburn, Brad Dexter, Horst Buchholz and Bing Russell.
A Mexican village keeps on getting raided for food and supplies by a bandit (Eli Wallach) and his gang.
The seven are a group of gunfighters hired to protect the village.
The movie was made on location in Mexico.
One of the towns used for the village is Durango.
In 2013, the movie was picked by the Library of Congress to be kept in the National Film Registry because it is "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Yul Brynner as Chris Adams
Eli Wallach as Calvera
Steve McQueen as Vin
Horst Buchholz as Chico
Charles Bronson as Bernardo O'Reilly
Robert Vaughn as Lee
James Coburn as Britt
Brad Dexter as Harry Luck
Val Avery as Henry the Corset Salesman
Bing Russell as Robert, Henry's Traveling Companion
When it was released, the movie did not get many good reviews.
Howard Thompson of The New York Times, said the movie was a "pallid, pretentious and overlong reflection of the Japanese original".
He also said: "don't expect anything like the ice-cold suspense, the superb juxtaposition of revealing human vignettes and especially the pile-driver tempo of the first Seven."
Variety magazine said, "Until the women and children arrive on the scene about two-thirds of the way through, The Magnificent Seven is a rip-roaring rootin' tootin' western with lots of bite and tang and old-fashioned abandon.
The last third is downhill, a long and cluttered anti-climax in which The Magnificent Seven grow slightly too magnificent for comfort."
Over the years, the movie has become more liked and gets modern praise.
Many of the actors became movie stars.
They have been seen in other movies and on television.
The movie itself also is shown on TV and can be seen on DVD.
As of 2015, it has a freshness rating of 93 percent on Rotten Tomatoes.
Of movie viewers, 88 percent said they liked it.
The film is also ranked  79 on American Film Institute's:  AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills list.
The Thermidorian Reaction was a coup d'état inside the French Revolution.
It was against the leaders of the Jacobin Club, who had dominated the Committee of Public Safety.
It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and several other leading members of the revolutionary government.
This ended the Reign of Terror, the most radical phase of the French Revolution.
This term comes from the French Revolution, when the monarchy was overthrown.
It was replaced by several forms of government, each more oppressive than the last.
One of the regimes renamed the months and renumbered the years because they were too Christian.
One of the summer months was called Thermidor.
This particular revolution happened in that month, so it was called the Thermidorian Reaction.
He was born in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
He died in Lisbon, North Dakota.
The International Scout was an off-road vehicle which was made by International Harvester from 1960 to 1980.
It was one of the earlier SUVs.
The Scout was created as a competitor to the Jeep.
Remarkably, the Scout went from a basic idea to production in only two years.
Like the Jeep it had square utilitarian styling but had cleaner lines.
It initially featured a fold-down windshield.
The Scout and second generation Scout II were produced in Fort Wayne, Indiana as two-door trucks.
They had the options of a half cab pickup or removable hard or soft top.
International Harvester began building trucks and pickups and later in 1907.
In 1953 it added a truck-based people carrier, the Travelall.
In the late 1950s it began to design a competitor for the two-door Jeep CJ 4x4.
The 1961 model year Scout 80 made its debut in late 1960.
Scouts began selling so well against Jeep, Ford jumped in with the Bronco and Chevrolet came out with the Blazer.
A concept for its replacement was started in 1964.
It was approved for production in mid 1965.
The Scout II was introduced in 1971.
The basic sheet metal remained the unchanged until production stopped on October 21, 1980.
During the 20 year period (1960–1980) 532,674 Scouts were produced.
The Scout, introduced as a commercial utility vehicle in 1960, set the stage for future 4-wheel drive recreational vehicles of the '70s, '80s, and '90s.
Scout models and variants
Scout 80 (1960–1965): The original
Scout 800 (1966–1971): Same overall design as original with upgrades (electric wipers, newer engines etc.)
Scout 810 (1971): Some early Scout II's contain Scout 810 badging on the glove box.
Scout II (1971–1980): The later standard production model with a removable soft or hardtop (100-inch wheelbase).
Scout II Terra (1976–1980): The light pickup truck version (118-inch wheelbase).
Scout II Traveler (1976–1980): This version had a removable fiberglass hardtop, optional third row of seats (118 in wheelbase).
Super Scout II (1977–1979): This model had removable fabric doors, a rollbar, and softtop.
The soft-top model was tagged the "SSII" by IH marketing.
Eventually the "SS" letters were assumed to stand for "Super Scout", the name this model is called today.
The Ford Bronco was a utility vehicle that was produced from 1966 to 1996.
It had five distinct generations.
All these vehicles are currently classified as sport utility vehicles (SUV).
The Broncos can be divided into two categories: early Broncos (1966–77) and full-size Broncos (1978–96).
In 2021, after 25 years away, Ford revived the Bronco name on a new small, retro-styled SUV.
The Bronco was introduced in 1966.
It was a competitor to the small four-wheel drive compact SUVs that included the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout.
It was built on its own platform.
Ford positioned the Bronco between the Jeep and Scout.
But it was too small to capture the US market.
A major redesign in 1978 moved the Bronco to a larger size.
It used  a shortened Ford F-Series truck chassis to compete with both the similarly adapted Chevrolet K5 Blazer, as well as the Dodge Ramcharger.
Ford automobiles
Marco Michael Andretti (born March 13, 1987) is an American race car driver.
He drives car #27 for Andretti Autosport in the IndyCar Series.
He is a part of the famous Andretti family of race car drivers.
Andretti began racing in the IndyCar Series in 2006.
His best season was 2013 at 5th place.
he has had 2 wins.
Wallace de Souza (June 26, 1987 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian volleyball player.
He plays for Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei and the Brazilian national team.
Souza competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, where he won the silver medal with Brazil.
The Russian team took home the gold medals.
The FIVB Volleyball World League is an international men's volleyball competition held annually.
It was created in 1990.
It is the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).
There are millions in prize money and worldwide TV coverage.
The 2015 event is the 26th edition with a record 32 teams competing.
Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB)
FIVB World League 2015
The Asian Volleyball Championship is a sport competition for national volleyball teams.
It is organized by the Asian Volleyball Confederation and  the Asian volleyball federation.
The first edition for both men and women was held in 1975.
Asian Volleyball Championship (AVC)
The Man with the iron mask was a prisoner of Louis XIV whose identity is not known.
The man was imprisoned from 1669 until his death in 1703.
The man was forced to wear a black cloth over his face most of the time; no one saw his face.
The prisoner always had the same guardian.
Most of the facts that are known are from correspondence, mostly of his guardian with his superiors.
When he was first imprisoned, the identity of the man was given as Eustache Dauger.
He is buried in the graveyard of the church Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis in Paris.
His tombstone says his name was Marchiali.
Other sources also give the names Marchioly, or Marchialy.
The first time this man is mentioned is in a letter Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine wrote to Sophia of Hanover in 1711.
She tells that he had to wear a mask, all the time, but knows nothing about his identity.
In a letter of 1698, one of the guardians of the Bastille mentions that an elderly prisoner was being brought to the Bastille, and that this prisoner had to wear a mask.
The guardian of the prisoner is Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars.
This person had written many letters to François Michel Le Tellier de Louvois, the minister of war at the time.
There was heavy censorship at the time; about 90% of the letters were lost.
On  24th August 1669, a man was imprisoned in Pinerolo.
Pinerolo was called Pignerol and was part of France at the time.
On 19th August, Louvois announced that this prisoner from Dunkerque was a very important person, but that he had not yet been arrested.
The prisoner's name was given as Eustache Dauger.
In Pinerolo, he met other important prisoners, such as Nicolas Fouquet or Antoine Nompar de Caumont.
Dauger was allowed to talk to Fouquet.
At times, Daguer acted as a servant to Fouquet, when Fouquet's servant was ill.
In 1678, Fouquet asked for more freedom, and this wish was granted.
At Fouquet's death in 1680, a hole was discovered between his cell and that of Caumont.
From then onwards, both Fouquet's servant and Dauger were separated from Caumont.
Both the man with the iron mask, and the servant of Fouquet were transferred to Exilles, which is only  away.
In 1682, the two were separated.
Fouquet's servant died in 1687.
As Exilles was threatened by war, the man with the iron mask was transferred to the island of Sainte-Marguerite, next to Cannes.
At that time, only one other person was imprisoned in Sainte-Marguerite.
In September 1698, Dauger was transferred to the Bastille in Paris, where he died in 1703.
Each time, the unknown prisoner was transferred this also applied to Saint-Mars, who rose in position.
The transfer also applied to the few other prisoners Saint-Mars had to guard.
When he was in public, or with strangers, Dauger had to wear a mask.
He also could not contact anyone.
When he was transferred, people saw that no one could see his face, hear his voice, or speak to him.
Despite this, people always looked that he felt relatively at ease.
He received new washed clothes twice a week, and could ask for any book he wanted.
He was allowed to play the lute, and could see a doctor when there was the need to do so.
Saint-Mars was given 12 livres a day, for food and drink of this prisoner.
The cell that he occupied in Sainte Marguerite cost 5.000 livres to build.
In Pinerolo, a special cell was built that had to be entered through three doors.
This cell was soundproof, nothing could be heard outside the cell.
Saint-Mars was personally responsible for the well-being of the man in the iron mask.
There are testimonials that officers had to take off their hat in his presence, and that they were only allowed to put it back on when told to do so.
There are accounts that at the time of his death, the prisoner was about 60 years old.
When he was transferred to Exilles in 1687, the prisoner had gray hair.
The man with the iron mask did not wear a mask all the time.
It is likely, that he only wore it when he was transferred, so that people could not recognize him.
If he had worn the mask all the time, this would have led to infections.
In addition, as the prisoner was male, the hair growing in his face needed cutting from time to time.
The need for wearing a mask is mentioned only twice: In the document which ordered his transfer to the Bastille, and for the transfer to the island near Cannes.
Voltaire's invention?
Voltaire was imprisoned in the Bastille, in 1717.
According to him, this prisoner was an older brother of the King.
In 1751, he published his work A century of Louis XIV, where he spends a section detailing the story of the man with the iron mask.
According to Voltaire, the man was imprisoned in 1661, after the death of Cardinal Mazarin.
It is possible that most of what is known today was an invention of Voltaire, who used this man to give an example of how bad an absolute ruler could be.
The real Eustache Dauger
When he announced the arrival of the prisoner in the very first letter,  Louvois gave his name as "Eustache Dauger".
Historians have found out that there was a man by that name, who was alive at that time.
The full name of this man was Eustache Dauger de Cavoye.
According to the records, Eustache was born on 30 August 1637 and was the son of François Dauger, a guard in the service of Cardinal Richelieu.
They also found out, that Eustache seems to have been involved in what became known as Affair of the Poisons.
This "affair" lasted from 1675 to about 1680.
Many noblemen were poisoned, or executed for witchcraft.
Eustache fell into disgrace when it became known that he had participated in lavish parties that included black masses, and possibly homosexual sex.
In the 1930s, it was revealed that the real Eustache Dauger died in the Prison Saint-Lazaire in Paris.
In the 17th century, the prison was an asylum for mentally ill people, run by monks.
Many noble families used it to get rid of the "black sheep" of the family.
Records show that the man really named Dauger was kept in Saint-Lazaire in Paris at about the same time the false Dauger was kept in Pignerolo.
According to Louis-Henri de Loménie de Brienne who was also imprisoned in Saint-Lazaire at the time, the real Eustache Dauger de Cavoye died as a result of heavy drinking in the late 1680s.
Historians consider all this proof enough that he was not involved in any way with the man in the mask.
Theories about the identity
There are several theories, who this prisoner could have been.
Some of the more likely ones are given below
Brother of Louis XIV
Voltaire thought that this man was a twin brother of Louis XIV.
According to Voltaire, this man had grown up in a different place than Louis XIV.
He said that the man was imprisoned in 1661, a few months after the death of Jules Mazarin.
Marcel Pagnol also has this hypothesis.
Illegitimate child of the Queen
Another hypothesis is that the prisoner was a illegitimate child of the Queen, Anne of Austria.
The father would either be Cardinal Mazarin, or George Villiers, 1.
Duke of Buckingham or one of the musketeers.
Cardinal Richelieu would have arranged this meeting.
This theory is less likely, however, because the child would have had no right to the throne, and imprisoning him would therefore have been no use.
Father of Louis XIV
The prisoner might have been the father of Louis XIV.
Richelieu would have had a liaison with queen Anne, and both Louis XIV and Louis XIII would have been there to prevent Gaston de Bourbon, duc d’Orléans from becoming king.
Someone knowing about Louis' origins
The autopsy of Louis XIII found that Louis XIII was unable to father children.
Anyone knowing this would know about the origins of Louis XIV, and would be potentially dangerous to him.
This theory is that the prisoner was in fact the doctor who had performed the autopsy.
Today, there is no convincing theory that could explain who this man really was.
The last person to have known the identity of this prisoner was probably Michel Chamillart, one of the ministers of the government of Louis XIV.
Chamillart died in 1723.
Relative of the king
Those theories that see the prisoner as part of the family of Louis XIV neglect that there was a lot of social control back then.
The birth of a child in the court of the king, or even among nobles was a public event.
Several hundred people were present at the birth of Louis XIV.
The "secret birth" of a twin brother of Louis is highly unlikely.
The amount of social control made it almost impossible that Anne of Austria had an affair.
Anne was pregnant several times, which means that her husband, Louis XIII was able to father children.
Another fact that speaks against the theory that the prisoner was a relative of the king is that the prisoner had the post of a servant, at times.
At the times of Louis XIV, people of noble birth would not become servants.
The theories that see the prisoner as a servant also have their weaknesses: Even though he was imprisoned, he had a comfortable life.
A simple servant would have been killed, and no one would have cared about his comfort.
Despite this, Louis XIV, the king himself took interest in the well-being of the prisoner.
There are several books and movies about this man.
The best known of these are probably the story by Alexandre Dumas called "The Vicomte de Bragelonne" (which is the third volume of his work  The Three Musketeers), the story The Twins, by Victor Hugo and The Iron Mask by Marcel Pagnol.
Dumas also gives a summary of the theories about the prisoner, which were common at his time.
Marcus Belgrave (June 12, 1936 – May 24, 2015) was an American jazz trumpet player.
He was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, but raised in Detroit, Michigan.
He recorded with a variety of famous musicians, bandleaders, and record labels since the 1950s.
John Michael Murphy (August 3, 1926 – May 25, 2015) was an American politician.
He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York serving from 1963 through 1981.
Leslie Royston "Les" Johnson AM (2 November 1924 - 26 May 2015) was a former Australian  politician and minister.
He served as a member of the Australian Parliament representing Hughes serving from 1955 through 1966 and again from 1969 through 1983.
Vicente Aranda Ezquerra (; 9 November 1926 - 26 May 2015), was a Spanish movie director, screenwriter and producer.
He was known for directing the 1990 movie Amantes.
Mallory Hagan (born December 23, 1988) is an American beauty queen.
She was crowned Miss America 2013.
Since 1989, each contestant has to choose an issue she cares deeply about to promote.
Hagan chose increasing awareness and prevention of child sexual abuse.
Along with the crown she won a $50,000 college scholarship.
Hagen is originally from Opelika, Alabama.
She came to New York from Alabama when she was 18 years old.
She had been competing in beauty contests since age 13.
Hagen entered the Miss New York contest in 2010 and 2011.
She won in 2012.
The last Miss America from New York was Vanessa Williams in 1984.
Hagen is the first Miss America from Brooklyn.
Tuğrul Tower is a 12th-century tower in the city of Rey, Iran.
The 20 meters tall brick tower is the tomb of Seljuk ruler Tuğrul Beg, who died in Rey in 1063.
The tower is kept by Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization.
Toqrol Tower, Ray   irantouronline.com
Cheshmeh-Ali (meaning:Ali's spring) is a natural and swimming spring in Rey in Iran.
The spring is located in south of Tehran.
Cheshmeh-Ali is run from a big rock and flown to south-east.
Cheshmeh-Ali dates back 8000 years ago and is placed under Rey Castle.
Inscription of Fath Ali Shah is between Rey Castle and Cheshmeh-Ali from top to down.
ČAŠMA(-YE) ʿALĪ iranicaonline.org
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of eight viruses in the herpes family.
It is one of the most common viruses in humans.
EBV is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever).
It is also associated with some forms of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
EBV may be associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases.
Some 200,000 cancer cases per year may be caused by (or associated with) EBV.
Most people become infected with EBV and gain adaptive immunity.
In the United States, about half of all five-year-old children and about 90 percent of adults have evidence of previous infection.
Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody protection disappears.
Many children become infected with EBV, and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are just mild, brief illnesses of childhood.
In the United States and other developed countries, many people are not infected with EBV in their childhood years.
When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence, it causes glandular fever 35 to 50 percent of the time.
EBV infects B cells of the immune system and epithelial cells.
Once EBV's initial infection is brought under control, non-active EBV stays in the person's B cells for the rest of their life.
Populism is a name for a kind of political movement.
Populists usually try to make a difference between common people and "elites" (meaning usually, top classes of people) .
Populists may think of wealthy people or well-educated people as belonging to the class of elites.
Populists may also call those who have been working in government for a long time "establishment" and count them as elites too.
A theme of populism is that the common people lack certain privileges that the elites have, or that commoners cannot do certain things the elites can do.
The populists see themselves on the side of the common people.
They want to help the common people get some of the rights and privileges of the elites.
They see immigration as good for the elite and bad for the people.
They are against globalization and foreign ideas.
They are against what other parties believe: In Europe, they often think, that European values are based on Christian ones, and that Islam, or its values are bad.
Left-wing populism
They believe in social justice
Often, they are against capitalism, globalization, and social injustice
Unlike right-wing populists who want to exclude certain foreigners, they focus on including unprivileged social groups.
Ochlocracy
For the videogame, see Minesweeper (video game)
A minesweeper is a small naval warship designed to sweep the water clear of mines.
Minesweepers keep waterways clear for shipping.
They are quieter and less magnetic than other ships, so the mines won't explode when being swept.
In Great Britain, naval leaders knew before World War I that sea mines were a threat to the nation's shipping.
The real threat was not invasion, but blockade aided by mines.
Fishing nets pulled behind boats gave an idea on how to clear mines.
The Royal Navy used fishermen and their fishing trawlers to keep the English Channel clear of mines.
They were supplied with mine gear, rifles, uniforms and pay as the first minesweepers.
Minesweeping made big advances during World War 2.
Fighting nations quickly adapted ships to the task of minesweeping.
Underwater mines remained a problem even after the war ended, and minesweepers were still in use after Japan surrendered to the United States.
After World War 2, allied countries worked on new types of minesweepers.
The United States Navy used special landing craft (shallow-water boats) to clear shallow harbors in and around North Korea. ,
the U.S. Navy had four minesweepers in the Persian Gulf.
An Asian Championship is a top level international sports competition between Asian athletes or sports teams representing their respective countries or professional sports clubs.
Asian Games, a multi-sport event between competitors from all nations in Asia
Benjamin Bishop III (born November 21, 1986) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender.
He has also played for the St. Louis Blues, Los Angeles Kings, Tampa Bay Lightning, and the Ottawa Senators.
He is nicknamed "Big Ben" because of his height at 6' 7".
Before playing in the NHL, Bishop played parts of 1 season with the Texas Tornado of the North American Hockey League (NAHL) and 3 years of college hockey with the University of Maine Black Bears.
With the Tornado, Bishop led them to their second National Championship and Gold Cup and he was named to the first team of the NAHL All-Rookie Team.
With the Black Bears, Bishop was named the Rookie of the Month in the months of October 2005 and February 2006.
He was also named the Goaltender of the Month by the NCAA's Hockey East conference.
He led Maine to the Frozen Four twice.
In 2006, they lost in the semi-finals to the University of Wisconsin–Madison and in 2007, they lost to Michigan State University in the semi-finals.
He was drafted 85th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.
On March 11, 2008, Bishop signed a two-year entry-level contract with the Bruins.
He began playing for their AHL-affiliate, the Peoria Rivermen.
The Blues called Bishop up on October 19, 2008.
On October 24, 2008, Bishop played in his first NHL game, coming off the bench to replace an injured Manny Legace to start the second period.
He gave up two goals in a 4–0 loss to the Los Angeles Kings.