the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Lanterman-Petris-Short conservatorship starts off being temporary.
This one is renewed every year if necessary.
A probate conservatorship does not have a temporary period.
It does not automatically expire.
Spears is in the latter (the probate form of conservatorship).
Spears has wanted the conservatorship to be dissolved because, she says, her father uses it to abuse and exploit her.
Chink or ching chong ( or 清衝 (qīng chōng), is a racial slur for a Chinese person.
It is primarily used in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malaysia.
Sometimes, it can be used to refer to anyone of Asian heritage or appearance.
Anti-Chinese sentiment
Chinese diaspora
Chinese Brits
Chinese Malaysians
Chinese New Zealanders
Paki is a British English racial slur targeted at Pakistanis.
It is mostly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India.
Bloody hell is a common British swearing phrase used as a milder form of fucking hell and a vulgar version of what the hell, bugger, crap or damn it.
It is used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Fiji and Sri Lanka.
Texaco (or The Texas Company; originally called The Texas Fuel Company) is an American petroleum and gasoline company.
It was founded in 1902 in Beaumont, Texas.
The Chevron Corporation  bought the Texaco company in late 2000.
In 1931, Texaco bought the Indian Oil Company.
The Indian Oil Company was in Illinois.
This expanded the company's refining and marketing base across the midwestern United States.
It also gave Texaco rights to Indian's Havoline motor oil (which became a Texaco product).
In 1994, the System3 gasolines by Texaco were replaced with new CleanSystem3 gasoline for improved engine performance.
Texaco gasoline contains Techron, an additive developed by Chevron in 2005.
It replaces the previous CleanSystem3.
This Texaco brand is strong in Latin America, the United States and West Africa.
It is also in Europe.
In the United Kingdom, there are about 850 Texaco-branded gas stations.
In 2010, Texaco ended business operations across the Mid-Atlantic States.
Texaco removed its brand from 450 stations in Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky and Washington, D.C..
Texaco once did business in and around the Quad Cities of southeastern Iowa and northwestern Illinois.
In the 2000s decade, however, the stores were closed.
They were then replaced with Kwik Shop stores in Iowa and with Gas Land stores in Illinois.
This is a dynamic list of slang words for the penis.
Man parts
Peen
The Haunted Mansion is a 1999 American horror comedy film based on the attraction of the same name at Disney theme parks.
Directed by Paul Weiland, the film is written by Zak Penn and Kerry Ehrin and stars Alec Baldwin, Terence Stamp, Nathaniel Parker, Marsha Thomason in a dual role, Jennifer Tilly, and Dina Spybey.
Michael Keaton, Brendan Fraser, Jim Carrey, Mel Gibson, Steve Martin, Bill Murray, Tim Allen, Tom Hanks and Mike Myers were also considered for the role of Jim Evers.
The film was theatrically released in the United States on December 10, 1999 and is Disney's second film based on an attraction following the television film Tower of Terror.
The film grossed $182.3 million worldwide on a $90 million budget and was panned by critics.
Principal photography began on December 18, 1998, and wrapped on April 21, 1999.
Balinese () is a language spoken on the island of Bali in Indonesia.
It is written in both Balinese script and Latin script.
Intonation is about the variation in pitch of speech which may change meaning.
How something is said may change its meaning.
All spoken languages use this tactic.
"He found it on the street?"
It is a question when street in emphasised (technically, rising pitch).
"Yes, he found it on the street". (
street not emphasised, not rising pitch)
The study of intonations is part of prosody.
A simple example which shows how important prosody is.
A parent says to a child "well done".
Without some annotation, one can't decide whether the child has indeed done well, or whether it has {say} knocked a glass of milk over.
Puppet theatre or puppetry is a form of theatre where the puppeteer manipulates the puppets.
The puppeteer is usually hidden from the audience.
The action of puppet show take place on the small self-made stage.
The puppets can be marionette, finger puppets, sock puppets or glove puppets.
The War of the Roses is a 1989 American black comedy film based upon the 1981 novel of the same name by Warren Adler.
The film follows a wealthy couple with a seemingly perfect marriage.
When their marriage begins to fall apart, material possessions become the center of an outrageous and bitter divorce battle.
The film co-stars Alec Baldwin, Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito.
DeVito directed the film, which also had producer James L. Brooks working on a project outside of The Simpsons.
The opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass and Elaine Makatura Bass.
In both the novel and the film, the married couple's family name is Rose, and the title is an allusion to the battles between the warring Houses of York and Lancaster who were contending for the English throne during the late Middle Ages.
In Germany, the film was such a huge success that its German title Der Rosenkrieg became synonymous with high-conflict divorce and is now regularly used in the media.
Frankenstein 90 is a 1984 French comedy movie directed by Alain Jessua and starring Jean Rochefort and Eddy Mitchell.
Savage Steve Holland (born April 29, 1958) is an American writer, cartoonist, producer, voice actor, animator, and film director who wrote and directed the films Better Off Dead (1985) and One Crazy Summer (1986), starring John Cusack.
He also directed the film How I Got into College (1989), and animated the "Whammy" on the game show Press Your Luck.
the Cat and The Terrible Thunderlizards for Fox Kids.
He now manages his own studio, Savage Studios Ltd., and directs shows for Cartoon Network, Disney Channel and Nickelodeon.
He studied animation at the California Institute of the Arts, where one of his student projects Going Nowhere Fast (1980), was exhibited at the Museum of Cat Food show Tomorrowland: CalArts in Moving Pictures.
Better Off Dead (1985)
One Crazy Summer (1986)
How I Got into College (1989)
The Last Halloween (1991)
The Incredible Crash Dummies (1993) (writer only)
Safety Patrol (1998) (TV film)
Stuck in the Suburbs (2004) (TV film)
The Days in the Lives of Beau: Grow Up, Beau! (
2006) (TV film)
Shredderman Rules (2007) (TV film)
Legally Blondes (2009)
Ratko: The Dictator's Son (2009)
A Fairly Odd Movie: Grow Up, Timmy Turner! (
2011) (TV film)
Big Time Movie (2011)
A Fairly Odd Christmas (2012) (TV film)
A Fairly Odd Summer (2014) (TV film)
Santa Hunters (2014)
Rufus (2016)
Rufus 2 (2017)
Selected television series credits
Press Your Luck (1983–1986) (designer and animator of the "Whammy", all episodes)
Saturday Night Live (1988–1990) (assistant director for two seasons)
The New Adventures of Beans Baxter (1987–1988) (wrote and directed most episodes)
Encyclopedia Brown (1989–1990) (director)
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990–1991) (writer)
the Cat (1992–1998) (co-creator, executive producer, and wrote most of the episodes)
The Puzzle Place (1994–1998) (director)
V.I.P. (1998–2002) (directed many episodes)
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show (1997–1998) (directed 3 episodes)
Kenan & Kel (1997–1999) (wrote 6 episodes)
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide (1999–2002) (directed 8 episodes)
Sabrina: The Animated Series (1999–2000) (creator, casting director, voice director and executive producer)
Even Stevens (2000-2002) (directed 3 episodes)
Lizzie McGuire (2001–2003) (directed 9 episodes)
Phil of the Future (2004) (directed 4 episodes)
Unfabulous (2005–2007) (directed 7 episodes)
Zoey 101 (2005–2007) (directed 5 episodes)
Zeke and Luther (2009–2011) (directed 11 episodes)
Big Time Rush (2009–2013) (directed 14 episodes, 5 of them being 2-part specials)
Bizaardvark (2016) (directed 3 episodes)
Malibu Rescue (2019) (creator)
Savage Steve Holland was lampooned in the episode "What Big Rewrite Notes You Have" of the cartoon Ned's Newt, as over-the-top director "Sausage Steve Finland"
Beach volleyball is a team sport, a kind of volleyball.
The players have two teams (2 per side) and play on a sand court divided by a net.
Alexander "Alex" Williams (born October 18, 1967 in London, England) is an English television and film animator and cartoonist.
He is the son of animator Richard Williams.
He has worked on many animated television series, and is the author of the Queens Counsel cartoon strip in The Times, for which he was awarded the Cartoon Art Trust Award for Strip Cartooning in October 2017.
In June 1987 Williams was 19 years old and in his first year of studies at the University of Oxford when he started work as an in-betweener on Who Framed Roger Rabbit, working under animator Simon Wells and later as an assistant animator to Marc Gordon-Bates.
Williams initially worked unpaid as an intern, and was later invited by producer Patsy de Lord to work on the film full-time.
The university agreed to his taking a suspension of studies for a year.
The following year, in 1988, he joined the Disney-MGM Studio in Orlando, Florida, working on the short film RollerCoaster Rabbit.
His work as an animator includes Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), The Princess and the Cobbler (1993), The Lion King (1994), Quest for Camelot (1998), The Iron Giant (1999), The Road to El Dorado (2000), Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002), Piglet's Big Movie, Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (2003), Robots (2005) and Open Season (2006).
Honey Bunny In Crazy Crazy Chase is a 2019 Indian animated action-comedy film, based on Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal.
The film is inspired by Home Alone.
It is also the first and only film of the Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal film series to be distributed by PVR Cinemas as well as Sony Pictures Networks.
Honey and Bunny are on their way to Kanyakumari but mistakenly end up in Goa while following Miss Katkar's lookalike.
There, their paths cross with two burglars who may end up ruining their vacation.
Google Docs Editors is a web-based productivity office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service.
The suite includes Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites, and Google Keep.
It used to also include Google Fusion Tables until it was discontinued in 2019.
The Google Docs Editors suite is available freely for users with personal Google accounts: through a web application, a set of mobile apps for Android and iOS, and a desktop application for Google's Chrome OS.
André Miguel Valente da Silva (born 6 November 1995) is a Portuguese football player.
He plays as a striker for RB Leipzig and the Portugal national team.
Indian Trail is a town in Union County, North Carolina, United States.
As of the 2010 census, 33,518 people live in Indian Trail.
Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a large genre of rock music.
It started in the late 1970s when musicians got tired of the how simple regular punk rock was.
Post-punk artists added avant-garde ideas and other ideas from outside rock music.
They kept punk rock's energy and DIY ethic but added styles like funk, electronic music, jazz, and dance music; the production techniques of dub and disco; and ideas from art and politics, including critical theory, modernist art, cinema and literature.
These communities produced independent record labels, visual art, multimedia performances and fanzines.
Au Pairs
Cabaret Voltaire
Pere Ubu
the Pop Group
the Slits
Maile Flanagan (born May 19, 1965) is an American voice actress, comedian, clown, jester, mime, magician, dancer, tap dance, professional wrestler, amateur wrestling and tomboy.
She is best known for her role as Naruto Uzumaki in the English dub of Naruto who she has voiced in all properties and media since 2005.
Hikimayu was a Japanese tradtiion of removing the eyebrows and painting two smudges on the forehead from Nara period to 19th century.
Hikimayu is found in The Tale of Genji and The Pillow Book.
Japanese movie director Akira Kurosawa showed this tradition in his films Rashomon, Ugetsu.
Bunraku, also known as Ningyō jōruri, is a Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the 17th century.
It was mainly related to kabuki from Genroku period.
Bunraku developed in Edo period combining puppet art with joruri.
Bunraku has the narrator with puppets and the action is accompained by a game on the shamisen.
The most famous Japanese bunraku playwright is Chikamatsu Mozaemon.
His most famous work is The Love Suicides at Sonezaki.
Originally the term bunraku referred to theatre founded in Osaka in 1805.
In Edo period, male pupeteers were hidden from the audience by the curtain while they held pupepts.
The narrator and musician were also hidden.
In 1703, pupeteers apperead in full view of the audience.
In 1728, the narrator and musician  were given their own stage.
Midland is a town in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, United States.
As of the 2010 census, 3,073 people live in Midland.
Masour Ousmane Dembélé (born 15 May 1997) is a French football player.
He plays as a forward for Barcelona and the France national team.
Vernon is a commune.
Vernon is twinned with:
Bad Kissingen, Germany
Massa, Italy
Alonsotegi is a municipality of 2,890 people (2020).
"iParty with Victorious" was an episode of the television shows iCarly and Victorious.
It aired on June 11, 2011.
Special Guest Stars: Victoria Justice as Tori Vega:
Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine:
Danielle Monet as Trina Vega:
Matt Bennet as Robbie Shapiro:
Avan Jogia as Beck Oliver:
Elizabeth Gilles as Jade West:
Leon Thomas III as Andre Harris:
Drew Massey is an American voice actor, actor, puppeteer and director for Nickelodeon and The Jim Henson Company.
He has worked with the Muppets and has performed in many movies, television series and commercials.
He also lent his voice to many commercials and video games.
Bernardo Mota Veiga de Carvalho e Silva (born 10 August 1994), known as Bernardo Silva or simply Bernardo, is a Portuguese football player.
He plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Manchester City and the Portugal national team.
Matthew James Munn (born 1980) is an American voice actor and animator for various studios.
He was the voice of Boog and Doug in Open Season 3; he replaced Mike Epps as the voice of Boog in Open Season 2 (who replaced Martin Lawrence from the first film), but was replaced by Donny Lucas in Open Season: Scared Silly.
Political corruption is using powers of government officials or their network contacts for inappropriate private gain.
The forms of corruption are very different between one another.
Examples of political corruption are lobbying, bribery, extortion (which refers when to someone commits blackmail or bribery against or threatens other people through putting a feeling of fear by telling certain people something will happen if the victim does not comply), nepotism (the unfair use of power for receiving job employments or benefits by family or friends), patronage (improperly using state money/goods to reward families, certain groups or races in exchange for voting for certain political party members) and embezzlement.
Corruption is often linked to human trafficking, money laundering and drug trafficking.
But political corruptions are not limited to these illegal acts.
Misuse of government power for certain other purposes, an example of which is police brutality is also classified as political corruption.
Political corruption hurts democracy by going against the formal process.
Corruption in elections and in legislature reduces responsibility and falsely represents the related creations of policies.
Economies having a high level of political corruption tend to not be as financially successful as one that has low level corruption.
Political corruption not only threatens justice and ethical values.
Recalls of loans by international banks, along with massive selling of emerging market stocks from international mutual funds, is associated with (and can actually cause) crises in economics and currency problems in certain countries.
Examples of these problems are in Asia, Africa and Central America.
Oviraptorians lived between 83.6 and 66 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous.
Presnel Kimpembe (born 13 August 1995) is a French football player.
He plays as a centre-back for Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team.
Beaumont-sur-Oise is a commune.
Mating system is a term form biology, to describe the sexual behaviour of a group of animals.
It basically describes which males and females in a group mate.
Monogamy: One male mates with one female.
There is the case, that this lasts for one season only, or the case that the pair bond (as it is called) lasts for life:
Polygyny: One male has a sexual relationship with two or more females.
In vertebrates, this seems to be the most common type
Polyandry: One female has a relationship with more than one male
Promiscuity: A member of one sex mates with any other member of the same group, of the opposite sex
The central Asian red deer or Tarim red deer (Cervus hanglu) is an elk that lives in Central Asia.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says the central Asian red deer is a "least concern" species, but many subspecies of central Asian red deer have become locally extinct.
This means that places that once had many deer now have none.
One subspecies of central Asian red deer, the Kashmir stag (Cervus hanglu hanglu), is the only species of deer that lives in India.
Arenysaur lived between 68 and 66 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous.
Arenysaur includes Arenysaurus and Ajnabia.
Ajnabia lived between 68 and 66 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous.
Akainacephalus was a herbivorous Dinosaur that lived 76 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period.
Akainacephalus was first discovered by Scott Richardson, a BLM employee who also discovered Lythronax and Kosmoceratops, all in the same region of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument.
The dinosaur was medium-sized, standing at 3 feet 6 inches tall and stretching about 15 feet long.
It inhabited present-day southern Utah, which during the Late Cretaceous Period was part of the southern portion of Laramidia, an island continent that stretched from the Arctic Circle to the Gulf of Mexico.
Though ankylosaurids originated in Asia between 125 - 100 million years ago, they do not appear in the western North American fossil record until about 77 million years ago.
The new species Akainacephalus offers the most complete skeleton of an ankylosaurid dinosaur found in the southwestern United States.
It includes a skull, much of the vertebral column, including a complete tail club, several fore and hind limbs elements, and bony body armour that includes two neck rings and spiked armour plates.
Guard mounting, changing the guard, or the changing of the guard, is an official ceremony in which guards that take place in duties at important places are swapped with different guards.
The ceremonies are usually planned very well.
They started during peaceful times and war fighting drills, with it becoming more popular from the 17th and 18th centuries as it helped make the army less tired and more useful.
The Plaza de Oriente is a plaza in the historic center of Madrid, Spain.
It has a shape like a rectangle and very big and noticeable.
It was designed in 1844 by Narciso Pascual y Colomer.
It was opened by King Joseph I after he said that the houses originally in the area should be destroyed.
It is located between some very well known and important places in Madrid.
To the west is the Royal Palace, the Teatro Real, to the east, and the Royal Monastery of the Incarnation to the north.
Kīlauea is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States.
As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,803.
Kīlauea shares the name of the active volcano Kīlauea on the island of Hawaii.
The name translates to "spewing" or "much spreading" in the Hawaiian language.
Kīlauea is on the northeastern shore of Kauai and is bordered to the west by Kalihiwai and to the north by the Pacific Ocean.
Hawaii Route 56 passes through the south side of the community, leading west  to Hanalei and east  to the Moloaa area which includes Moloaa Forest Reserve and overlooks Moloaa Bay.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Kilauea CDP has a total area of , of which  are land and , or 5.71%, are water.
Shipwrecking is an event that causes a shipwreck, such as a ship striking something that causes the ship to sink; the stranding of a ship on rocks, land or shoal; poor maintenance; or the destruction of a ship either intentionally or by violent weather.
Factors for the loss of a ship may include:
poor design or failure of the ship's equipment or hull - pressure hull
instability, due to poor design, improperly stowed cargo, cargo that shifts its position or the free surface effect
navigation errors and other human errors, leading to collisions (with another ship, rocks, an iceberg (), etc.)
or running aground (Costa Concordia)
bad weather and powerful or large waves or gale winds: This often leads to capsizing, also referred to as foundering
warfare, piracy, mutiny, or sabotage including: guns, torpedoes, depth charges, mines, bombs and missiles
biofouling, such as accumulation of polychaete and other tube worms on wood hulls
overloading - either cargo or icing, and displacement exceeding the plimsoll line
intentional sinking (scuttling)
to form an artificial reef
for wreck diving
use as a target ship for training or testing weapons
as a blockship to create an obstacle to close a harbour, river, etc.
against enemy ships
to prevent a ship from falling into an enemy's hands (e.g. Admiral Graf Spee)
to destroy a derelict ship that poses a menace to navigation
as part of an insurance scam
Design and equipment failure
The hallmark of a shipwreck due to poor design is the capsize of Swedish warship Wasa in Stockholm harbour 1628.
She was too narrow, had too little ballast and her lower cannon deck had too low free-board for good seaworthiness.
Poor design allowed the ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise to put to sea with open roll-on/roll-off bow doors, with tragic consequences.
Failure or leaking of the hull is a serious problem that can lead to the loss of buoyancy or the free surface effect and the subsequent sinking of the vessel.
Even the hulls of large modern ships have cracked in heavy storms.
Leaks between the hull planks of wooden vessels are a particular problem.
Equipment failure caused the shipwreck of cruiseferry Estonia in 1994.
The stress of stormy seas on hull and bow especially caused the bow visor to break off, in turn tearing the watertight bow door open and letting seawater flow onto the car deck.
She capsized with tragic consequences.
Failure of pumps can lead to the loss of a potentially salvageable ship with only a minor leak or fire.
Failure of the means of propulsion, such as engines, sails or rigging, can lead to the loss of a ship.
When the ship's movement is determined only by currents or the wind and particularly by storms, a common result is that the ship is unable to avoid natural hazards like rocks, shallow water or tidal races.
Loss of propulsion or steering can inhibit a ship's ability to safely position itself in a storm, even far from land.
Waves attacking a ship's side can overwhelm and sink it.
Instability and foundering
Instability is caused by the centre of mass of the ship rising above the metacenter resulting in the ship tipping on its side or capsizing.
To remain buoyant, the hull of a vessel must prevent water entering the large air spaces of the vessel (known as downflooding).
Clearly for the ship to float, the normally-submerged parts of the hull will be watertight, but the upper parts of the hull must have openings to allow ventilation to compartments, including the engine room, for crew access, and to load and unload cargo.
In a capsize, water can enter these openings if not watertight.
If a ship sinks after capsizing, or as a consequence of a leak in the hull or other water ingress, it is often described as having foundered or foundering.
Large ships are designed with compartments to help preserve the necessary buoyancy.
Bad weather
On 25 October 2012, the tall ship Bounty (a replica of the original HMS Bounty) sank in a hurricane.
The vessel left New London, Connecticut, heading for St. Petersburg, Florida, initially going on an easterly course to avoid Hurricane Sandy.
On 29 October 2012 at 03:54 EDT, the ship's owner called the United States Coast Guard for help during the hurricane after losing contact with the ship's master.
He reported she was taking on water off the coast of North Carolina, about  from the storm, and the crew were preparing to abandon ship.
There were sixteen people aboard, two of whom did not survive the sinking.
An inquiry into the sinking was held by the United States Coast Guard in Portsmouth, Virginia from 12 to 21 February 2013; at which it was concluded that Captain Walbridge's decision to sail the ship into the path of Hurricane Sandy was the cause, and the inquiry found this to have been a "reckless decision".
Poor weather can cause several problems:
low visibility
high waves
Wind causes waves which result in other difficulties.
Waves make navigation difficult and dangerous near shallow water.
Also, waves create buoyancy stresses on the structure of a hull.
The weight of breaking waves on the fabric of the ship force the crew to reduce speed or even travel in the same direction as the waves to prevent damage.
Also, wind stresses the rigging of sailing ships.
The force of the wind pushes ships in the direction of the wind.
Vessels with large windage suffer most.
Although powered ships are able to resist the force of the wind, sailing vessels have few defences against strong wind.
When strong winds are imminent, sailing vessels typically have several choices:
try to position themselves so that they cannot be blown into danger
shelter in a harbour
anchor, preferably on the leeward side of a landform
Many losses of sailing ships were caused by sailing, with a following wind, so far into a bay that the ship became trapped upwind of a lee shore, being unable to sail into the wind to leave the bay.
Low visibility caused by fog, mist and heavy rain increase the navigator's problems.
Cold can cause metal to become brittle and fail more easily.
A build-up of ice can cause instability by accumulating high on the ship, or in severe cases, crush the hull if the ship becomes trapped in a freezing sea.
According to one scientist who studies rogue waves, "two large ships sink every week on average, but the cause is never studied to the same detail as an air crash.
It simply gets put down to 'bad weather'."
Once considered mythical and lacking hard evidence for their existence, rogue waves are now proven to exist and known to be a natural ocean phenomenon.
Eyewitness accounts from mariners and damages inflicted on ships have long suggested they occurred; however, their scientific measurement was only positively confirmed following measurements of the "Draupner wave", a rogue wave at the Draupner platform in the North Sea on January 1, 1995, with a maximum wave height of  (peak elevation of ).
During that event, minor damage was also inflicted on the platform, far above sea level, confirming that the reading was valid.
Their existence has also since been confirmed by satellite imagery of the ocean surface.
Fire can cause the loss of ships in many ways.
The most obvious way would be the loss of a wooden ship which is burned until watertight integrity is compromised (e.g. Cospatrick).
The detonation of cargo or ammunition can cause the breach of a steel hull.
An extreme temperature may compromise the durability properties of steel, causing the hull to break on its own weight.
Often a large fire causes a ship to be abandoned and left to drift (e.g. MS Achille Lauro).
Should it run aground beyond economic salvage, it becomes a wreck.
In extreme cases, where the ship's cargo is either highly combustible (such as oil, natural gas or gasoline) or explosive (nitrates, fertilizers, ammunition) a fire onboard may result in a catastrophic conflagration or explosion.
Such disasters may have catastrophic results, especially if the disaster occurs in a harbour, such as the Halifax Explosion.
Navigation errors
Many shipwrecks have occurred when the crew of the ship allowed the ship to collide with rocks, reefs, icebergs, or other ships.
Collision has been one of the major causes of shipwreck.
Accurate navigation is made more difficult by poor visibility in bad weather.
Also, many losses happened before modern navigation aids such as GPS, radar and sonar were available.
Until the 20th century, the most sophisticated navigational tools and techniques available - dead reckoning using the magnetic compass, marine chronometer (to calculate longitude) and ships logbook (which recorded the vessel's heading and the speed measured by log) or celestial navigation using marine chronometer and sextant - were sufficiently accurate for journeys across oceans, but these techniques (and in many cases also the charts) lacked the precision to avoid reefs close to shore.
The Scilly naval disaster of 1707, which claimed nearly 2,000 lives and was one of the greatest maritime disasters in the history of the British Isles, is attributed to the mariner's inability to find their longitude.
This led to the Longitude Act to improve the aids available for navigation.
Marine chronometers were as revolutionary in the 19th century as GPS is today.
However the cost of these instruments could be prohibitive, sometimes resulting in tragic consequences for ships that were still unable to determine their longitude, as in the case of the Arniston.
Even today, when highly accurate navigational equipment is readily available and universally used, there is still scope for error.
Using the incorrect horizontal datum for the chart of an area may mislead the navigator, especially as many charts have not been updated to use modern data.
It is also important for the navigator to appreciate that charts may be significantly in error, especially on less frequented coasts.
For example, a recent revision of the map of South Georgia in the South Atlantic showed that previous maps were in some places in error by several kilometres.
Over the centuries, many technological and organizational developments have been used to reduce accidents at sea including:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
Pilotage aids including lighthouses and sea marks
Basic navigation tools such as the magnetic compass, nautical chart, marine chronometer, sextant, log and sounding line
Advanced navigation tools such as radio communication, radar navigation, gyrocompass, sonar, hyperbolic Radio navigation and satellite navigation
Inspection of shipbuilding quality and maintenance of seaworthiness of the ship such as "A1 at Lloyd's"
Intelligence and better defences to protect the ship from acts of violence, war and piracy
Use of fireproof/nonflammable materials to prevent fires from spreading rapidly, and modern fire-fighting agents such as gases and foams that do not compromise the buoyancy and stability of the vessel as quickly as water.
Built-in devices to delay flooding long enough for rescue ships to retrieve survivors and/or tow the ship to the nearest shipyard for repairs, such as watertight compartments and pumps.
Hans Blumenberg, Shipwreck with Spectator: Paradigm of a Metaphor for Existence (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1997)
Maritimequest Shipwreck Database (Downloadable Excel file)
NOAA Wrecks and Obstructions Database
Shipwrecks and Smuggling - a learning resource from the British Library archives
Shipwrecks UK, providing context, thematic information and detail for more than 45,000 shipwrecks in the seas surrounding Britain and Ireland, including revealing maps.
Milton Howery Jr. (born December 17, 1979), known professionally as Lil Rel Howery, is an American actor and comedian.
Howery is best known for his roles as Robert Carmichael in NBC's television comedy series The Carmichael Show (2015-2017) and as TSA officer Rod Williams in the horror film Get Out (2017).
He also starred in the TV series Rel (2018-2019), which he also created and co-produced lasting only one season.
comedians from Chicago
Michael Lawrence Yarmush (born June 19, 1982) is an American-Canadian actor.
His parents are Daniel and Diane Yarmush.
He was the original voice of Arthur Read on the PBS Kids animated television series Arthur from 1996 to 2000, when he left the voice cast.
Michael Caloz (born May 2, 1985), is a Canadian former actor and voice actor, who is best known for voicing D.W. Read on Arthur from 1996 to 1999, holding his role for the first three seasons (he also narrated the funding credits for season 1 when it first aired on PBS).
He won a Young Artist Award in 1999 for his role as D.W. Read.
Caloz was born in Montreal, Quebec.
He voiced Dora Winifred Read (D.W.) in Arthur from 1996 to 1999.
After season 3, he was replaced by Oliver Grainger.
He also voiced Annie on The Little Lulu Show.
He has performed in several movies, including Screamers, which was based on the Philip K. Dick story Second Variety.
He has also performed on several live-action television shows including an episode on Nickelodeon's Are You Afraid of the Dark?,
as a frozen child's ghost.
Rotten Ralph is a series of children's picture books written by Jack Gantos and illustrated by Nicole Rubel.
About twenty Rotten Ralph books have been published from 1976 to 2011.
Rotten Ralph is also the first book in the series, a 32-page picture book published by Houghton Mifflin of Boston in 1976.
It was the first published book for both Gantos and Rubel.
Alternatively, Rotten Ralph is the title character of the series, initially "a very very nasty cat" —a bright red domestic cat who enjoys playing mean, practical jokes on his human family.
There was a children's television series by  Cosgrove Hall Films, Tooncan Productions and Italtoons Corporation based on the books, first broadcast on BBC from 1998 to 2001.
It also went to air on Nickelodeon in the UK too, around 2000.
The show hasn't been aired in the UK since reruns ended in 2005.
The show aired in the United States on the Nickelodeon in 1999–2001.
The voice cast were recorded in Los Angeles and the animation was done in Manchester.
Red Sorghum is a 1987 Chinese romantic drama movie directed by Zhang Yimou and was based on the 1986 novel by Mo Yan.
It stars Gong Li, Jiang Wen, Ji Chunhua, Teng Rujun.
Movies directed by Zhang Yimou
Sagging means when someone wears their trousers or jeans just below the waist.
Sagging is mainly a male fashion.
Women and girls' wearing low-rise pants in a manner that shows the females' G-string underwear or panties is not usually described as sagging.
People who wear sagging trousers or pants are sometimes called "saggers".
The origin
The style was made popular by skaters and hip-hop musicians in the 1990s, although sagging may have gotten started as early as the late 1980s.
It was later declared a symbol of freedom and being aware of fashion culture with many teenagers and young adults.
It was also the symbol for rejection of the values in the mainstream society.
It is often said the style got started with the United States' prison system.
In that system, belts are sometimes not allowed.
There may also be situations wherein there is not enough clothing of the appropriate size.
Lahmacun, also spelled Lahmajoon, is a Middle Eastern dish.
The name Lahmacun comes from Arabic (لحم بعجين "lahma bi'ajeen") meaning meat and dough.
Lahmacun is often described as Turkish Pizza or Armenian Pizza but it is not a pizza because it doesn’t have cheese on it.
Lahmacun is topped with minced meat with herbs and spices and cooked in a clay oven.
It can be wrapped around like a burrito with salad inside or eaten as a flat bread.
Zōri are Japanese sandals made of rice straw, leather, rubber and lacquered wood.
In English-speaking countries, flip-flops (renamed zōri) are popular.
Okobo
Roxanne Ducharme (born July 16, 1964) is an American animator and layout artist.
She was born of French-Canadian descent.
BA, Studio Arts, emphasis animation & Graphic design at the Loyola Marymount University (1981-1985).
Lamezia Terme is an Italian city in Calabria.
It has about 70,000 inhabitants.
Legnano is an Italian city in Lombardy.
It has about 60,200 inhabitants.
Cerignola is an Italian city in Apulia.
It is about  southeast of Foggia and has about 58,500 inhabitants.
Molfetta is a city in southern Italy.
Molfetta is in the Apulia Region.
It has about 59,000 inhabitants.
Velletri is an Italian city in Lazio.
is a 1929 Japanese comedy movie directed by Yasujirō Ozu and starring Ichirō Yūki, Tatsuo Saitō, Junko Matsui, Chōko Iida, Eiko Takamatsu, Shōichi Kofujita, Ichirō Ōkuni.
La Traviata is a 1983 Italian Dutch musical movie directed by Franco Zeffirelli and was based on the 1853 opera of the same name by Giuseppe Verdi and Francesco Maria Piave.
It stars Teresa Stratas, Plácido Domingo, Cornell MacNeill, Allan Monk, Pina Cei and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ().
The first case in Andorra was confirmed on 2 March 2020, when  a 20-year-old man returned from Milan, Italy.
Bucharest Non Stop () is a 2015 Romanian comedy-drama movie directed by Dan Chișu and starring Gheorghe Ifrim, Ion Besoiu, Adrian Titieni, Dorina Lazăr, Dorian Boguță, Olimpia Melinte.
Movies directed by Dan Chișu
Pak Watan (Urdu:پاک وطن) is a National personification and a term of endearment for Pakistan, usually the Snow Leopard as Ali Faisal is depicted as the National mascot for Pakistani Personification respectively.
The Word Watan refers to this sacred homeland, heimat, country, or nation.
Hajji () (sometimes spelled Hadji, Haji, Alhaji,  Al hage, Al-hajj or El-Hajj) is an honor title which is given to a Muslim who has successfully completed the Hajj to Mecca.
It is also often used to call an elder, since it can take years to get enough the wealth to fund the travel and in many Muslim societies to a respected man as an honorific title.
The Prime Minister of the Republic of South Ossetia, officially known as the Chairman of the Government () is the de facto head of government of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia.
Rulers of South Ossetia
Rulers.org: South Ossetia
Osinform: Thirteen South Ossetian PMs (2 November 2008)
Gennady Borisovich Bekoyev (; born 1981) is a South Ossetian politician.
He is the acting Prime Minister of South Ossetia.
Bekoyev was appointed to the position following the dismissal of Erik Pukhayev by President Anatoly Bibilov.
Bekoyev is an independent.
Aleksandr Apollonovich Shavlokhov (, born in 1939) is a South Ossetian politician.
He was the Prime Minister, from 1996 until August 1998.
Boris Eliozovich Chochiev (Russian: Борис Елиозович Чочиев; ; 1 November 1957 – 22 July 2021) was a South Ossetian politician.
He was the acting Prime Minister of South Ossetia in 2008.
He became Prime Minister on 18 August 2008, after South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity had fired the former government.
Chochiev died on 22 July 2021 in Vladikavkaz, Russia from COVID-19 at the age of 63.
Hamzanama (Urdu: داستان امیر حمزه) A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation; not necessarily a nation-state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with aspirations to independence or autonomy.
The Pakistani author Maqbool Jahangir wrote Dastan-e-Amir Hamza for children in the Urdu language.
His version contains 10 volumes and was published by Ferozsons (also Ferozsons Publishers).
The Hamza romance spread gradually, usually in its briefer and less elaborate forms, into a number of the modern languages of Southern Asia.
Pashto and Sindhi were particularly hospitable to the Hamza story, and at least in Pashto it continues to flourish today, with printed pamphlet versions being produced.
It therefore considered as the “National Epic of Pakistan” respectively.
The president of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia.
Chairmen of the Supreme Council (1992–1994, Chairman of the State Nyhas)
PlanetRulers.com: President of South Ossetia
Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty (; born 31 October 1964) is the former President of the partially recognized state South Ossetia.
His term in office lasted just under ten years, beginning December 2001 and ending December 2011.
Vadim Vladimirovich Brovtsev (, Brovtsête Vlâdimire fert Vâdim; , , Vadim Brovcevi; born 26 July 1969) is a Russian businessman who was Prime Minister of the Republic of South Ossetia from 5 August 2009 to 26 April 2012, as well as Acting President from December 11, 2011 to April 19, 2012.
Leonid Tibilov (; ; ; born 28 March 1951) is a South Ossetian politician.
He was the President of South Ossetia from 2012 to 2017.
Yi Yi () is a 2000 Taiwanese Japanese drama movie directed by Edward Yang and starring Wu Nien-jen, Elaine Jin, Kelly Lee, Jonathan Chang, Issey Ogata.
Anatoly Ilyich Bibilov (, ; born February 6, 1970) is a Russian and South Ossetian military officer.
He is the 4th and current President of South Ossetia since April 21, 2017.
John Cornell (2 March 1941 – 23 July 2021) was an Australian movie producer, writer, actor, and businessman.
He was best known for his role as "Strop" on The Paul Hogan Show and for writing the Crocodile Dundee movies.
He also helped create the World Series Cricket in 1977.
He started as a journalist.
Cornell became an editor of The Daily News at 26 years of age.
In 1971, he was working as a producer of A Current Affair.
He produced and co-wrote the screenplay for Hogan's 1986 film Crocodile Dundee, produced and directed theCrocodile Dundee II sequel in 1988.
Cornell died on 23 July 2021 at his home at Byron Bay, New South Wales from Parkinson's disease-related problems, aged 80.
Alfred Biolek (born Alfred Franz Maria Biolek; 10 July 1934 – 23 July 2021) was a German entertainer and television producer.
Biolek was an honorary professor at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne.
Biolek was born in Freistadt, Czechoslovakia.
He helped produce some television specials for Monty Python.
Biolek died on 23 July 2021 in Cologne, aged 87.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ().
The first case in Samoa was confirmed on 18 November 2020.
As of 1 June 2021, there were three COVID-19 cases in Samoa.
Michael John Smith (1937 – July 2021) was an English football manager.
He managed the Wales  and Egypt national teams and Hull City.
His managing career lasted from 1974 until 1995.
His death was announced on 22 July 2021, aged 84.
Caril Ann Fugate (born July 30, 1943, Nebraska) is the youngest female in the United States to have been tried and convicted of first-degree murder.
She was the teenage girlfriend of Charles Starkweather, a serial killer.
Fugate was age fourteen when Starkweather's happened.
She was convicted as his accomplice and given life imprisonment.
She was paroled in 1976.
Background to the crime spree
Fugate lived in Lincoln, Nebraska with her mother Velma Bartlett and her stepfather Marion Bartlett.
In 1956, at age 13, Fugate got romantically involved to Charles Raymond Starkweather.
The man had dropped out of high school.
He was born almost five years before Fugate was.
They bet by way of Caril's sister Barbara.
The latter was dating Starkweather's friend Bob von Busch.
Starkweather was a truck unloader for the Western Union newspaper warehouse.
On Sunday, December 1, 1957, Starkweather committed his first murder when attendant Robert "Bobby" Calvert, working for a gas station near Lincoln, Nebraska, refused to let Starkweather buy a present for Fugate on credit.
Starkweather then killed Calvert and robbed the gas station.
On January 21, 1958, Starkweather shot and killed Velda and Marion Bartlett.
The killer then hit Fugate's baby half-sister, Betty Jean.
That caused blunt-force trauma.
Starkweather then stabbed her in the neck.
The cross-state crime spree
Starkweather and Fugate left Nebraska.
They drove into Wyoming.
They were involved in six more murders.
Starkweather and Fugate were later arrested near Douglas, Wyoming.
The sentencing
Starkweather was sentenced to death and executed in Nebraska's electric chair on Thursday, June 25, 1959.
He insisted although he killed most of the victims, Fugate also killed several.
Fugate maintained her innocence.
However, she was tried and convicted for her role in the murder spree.
While being tried, Fugate testified she was Starkweather's hostage.
The jury, however, found Fugate's testimony as not credible.
Release from prison
While in prison, Fugate was called a model prisoner.
After release, she lived in the Lansing, Michigan area for a long time.
The Nebraska Parole Board did not grant a pardon for Fugate.
The decision was made in February 2020.
The reason for the decision was because the role of a pardon is to restore rights to felons, not to set people free of their crimes.
The media portrayal
Movies/television
The Starkweather–Fugate case was the inspiration for several movies.
Those include Kalifornia (1993), Natural Born Killers (1994) and Starkweather (2004).
The television movie, Murder in the Heartland (1993) was a biographical depiction of Fugate and Starkweather.
The earlier is played by Fairuza Balk.
The latter is played by Tim Roth
The Bruce Springsteen song "Nebraska" is the first-person narrative based on the Starkweather and Fugate murders.
The Nicole Dollanganger song "Nebraska" is a lyrical story about the murders.
Starkweather is never named in the song.
Fugate is mentioned during a line which states [he] showed his Caril Ann how to use a knife/picked it up slowly/killed with it twice".
The murders are mentioned during Billy Joel's 1989 song "We Didn't Start the Fire" with the line "Starkweather homicide".
212 Warrior (also known as Wiro Sableng 212 and Wiro Sableng Pendekar Kapak Maut Naga Geni 212) is a 2018 Indonesian action fantasy comedy movie directed by Angga Dwimas Sasongko and was based on the Wiro Sableng series by Bastian Tito.
It stars Vino G. Bastian, Sherina Munaf, Marsha Timothy, Happy Salma, Dwi Sasono, Yayan Ruhian and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Gregory Fishbeck Knapp (March 5, 1963 – July 22, 2021) was an American football coach.
He was an assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL) for 25 seasons with the New York Jets, Atlanta Falcons, Denver Broncos, Oakland Raiders, Houston Texans, Seattle Seahawks and San Francisco 49ers.
Knapp was hit by a car while riding his bike in San Ramon, California on July 17, 2021.
He died from his injuries five days later on July 22, aged 58.
Jean-Pierre Jaussaud (3 June 1937 – 21 July 2021) was a French racing driver.
He was known for winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1978 and 1980.
Jaussaud was born in Caen, France.
He raced with Formula Three cars.
Jaussaud died on 21 July 2021 in Caen of a heart attack, aged 84.
The Los Bracitos tree frog or Hispaniolan green tree frog (Boana heilprini) is a frog that lives in Hispaniola, which is the island that has Haiti and the Dominican Republic on it.
Scientists have seen it as high as 1823 meters above sea level.
Rahul Gupta (born 1970 or 1971) is an American physician.
He was born in India and raised in Washington, D.C.. He is the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy since 2021 during the Joe Biden administration.
Gupta was in charge of the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department from 2009 to 2014.
He became the director of the West Virginia Bureau of Public Health in 2015, and focused on reducing overdose deaths from the opioid epidemic.
In July 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Gupta to serve as director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 28, 2021.
Summerville is a town in the U.S. state of South Carolina, mostly in Dorchester County with small parts in Berkeley and Charleston counties.