the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Aurelius Ambrosius, bishop of Milan (approximate date)
He Fani, empress of the Jin Dynasty (d. 404)
Shi Shi, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao (d. 349)
Abaye, Babylonian amora
Eusebius of Caesarea, bishop and first church historian (approximate date)
Shemon Bar Sabbae, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Wang Dao, statesman of the Jin Dynasty (b. 276)
The Opéra de Monte-Carlo (Salle Garnier) is an opera house in Monaco.
It was built in the 1870s by Prince Charles III of Monaco and the Société des bains de mer de Monaco.
Building was directed by the architect Charles Garnier, who also designed the Palais Garnier in Paris.
The Monaco Opera House is an exact miniature of the Paris Opera House.
It seats 524 people.
It is in Belle Epoque style.
It was opened on 25 January 1879.
The house was renovated between 2004 and 2005.
Year 238 (CCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Maximinus Thrax battles against the Carpians on the Danube in Moesia (Balkans).
March 7 – Romans in Africa go against Maximinus and elect Marcus Antonius Gordianus (Africanus) as emperor.
April 12 – Battle of Carthage: Numidian forces loyal to Maximinus invade Africa.
Gordian II is killed.
Gordian I commits suicide.
April 22 – Year of the Six Emperors: The Senate outlaws Maximinus.
Pupienus and Balbinus go to the throne.
Maximinus gets to the town Aquileia in northern Italy.
His army has famine and disease.
July 29 – The Praetorian Guard kill Pupienus and Balbinus.
On the same day Gordian III, age 13, is made new emperor.
Future Roman Emperor Valerian becomes princeps senatus.
The Colosseum is restored after being damaged.
The Goths, coming from Ukraine, cross the Danube and ruin the Roman Empire up to the border with Anatolia.
The Cao Wei general Sima Yi destroys the northeastern Chinese warlord Gongsun Yuan.
Empress Yang Yan, first wife of Emperor Wu (d. 274)
Wen Yang, general of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 291)
April 12 – Roman emperors Gordian I (suicide) and Gordian II (killed in battle)
June 24 – Maximinus Thrax, Roman Emperor
Maximinus the Younger, Roman Emperor
July 29 – Pupienus and Balbinus, Roman Emperors
Gongsun Yuan, warlord of Liaodong
Lun Zhi, general of Liaodong
Jia Fan, advisor Liaodong
Chosroes I, King of Armenia (assassinated)
Publius Septimius Geta gets the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, emperor Septimius Severus.
Severus plans to take the land north of Scotland.
The Roman army reaches Aberdeen.
The Scottish tribes begin guerrilla warfare against the Romans.
In India, beginning of the reign of Chandashri, Satavahana king of the Andhra.
Guan Lu (d. 256)
Sun Deng, eldest son of Sun Quan (d. 241)
Xiahou Xuan, minister of  Wei, son of Xiahou Shang (d. 254)
Chen Lan, general under Yuan Shu
Jin Xuan
Liu Qi, son of Liu Biao
Saint Alban (possible death date)
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman Consuls.
Hadrian's Wall is fixed.
Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, praetorian prefect and father-in-law of Caracalla, is killed.
Aemilius Papinianus becomes praetorian prefect.
Cao Cao defeats and kills Yuan Tan, the eldest son of his rival Yuan Shao, in the Battle of Nanpi
Cao Rui, second emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 239)
Sima Wang, general of Wei and the Jin Dynasty (d. 271)
Shan Tao, Chinese taoist (d. 283)
Plotinus (according to his student Porphyry) (d. 270)
Xin Xianying, daughter of Xin Pi (d. 284)
Guo Tu, advisor under Yuan Shao
Yuan Tan, eldest son of Yuan Shao
Year 197 (CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Decimus Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon).
Septimius Severus returns to Rome.
He has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate killed.
Septimius Severus forms new naval units.
The Roman army goes east to stop a Parthian invasion of Mesopotamia.
They loot the royal palace at Ctesiphon and take many people as slaves.
Galen's major work on medicines, Pharmacologia, is published.
A Christian council is held in Edessa.
Deng Ai, Wei general (d. 264)
February 19 – Clodius Albinus, rival for Roman Emperor (b. 150)
Cao Ang, first son of Cao Cao (b. 175)
Cao Anmin, nephew of Cao Cao
Dian Wei, bodyguard to warlord Cao Cao
Guo Si, general under Dong Zhuo  (b. 146)
Huche'er, general under Zhang Xiu
Li Jue, general under Dong Zhuo
Liang Gang, general under Yuan Shu
Qiao Rui, general during the Han Dynasty
Yue Jiu, general during the Han Dynasty
Year 218 (CCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
May 16 – Elagabalus, age 14, is made emperor of Rome.
June 8 – Battle of Antioch: Elagabalus defeats the forces of Macrinus.
Diadumenianus, son of Macrinus, escapes to the Parthian court.
He is captured at Zeugma and also put to death.
Gallienus, later Roman emperor (d. 268)
Macrinus, Roman emperor (b. 165)
Diadumenian, son of Macrinus
Gan Ning (approximate date) (b. 175)
Han Hao, general under Cao Cao
Jin Yi, minister of Han Dynasty
Lei Tong
Yue Jin, commander under Cao Cao
210s
Year 239 (CCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
In the Chinese Kingdom of Wei, Wei Qi Wang succeeds Cao Rui (Wei Ming Di).
Chinese discover the island of Taiwan.
Origen publishes the Old Testament in five languages.
January 22 – Cao Rui (Wei Ming Di), emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 205)
Pan Jun, official of Wu
230s
May 5 – Emperor Galerius says there is religious freedom .
He issues his Edict of Toleration, ending persecution of Christians in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
He dies at age 51.
Maximinus II divides the Eastern Empire.
He starts to persecute Christians again.
Maxentius, Roman usurper, takes the African provinces from Domitius Alexander.
Maxentius builds the Circus of Maxentius near the Via Appia.
December 3 – Diocletianus dies in Split, Croatia.
Jin Huaidi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty, is captured at Luoyang.
The capital city is looted by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Huns).
July 2 – Pope Miltiades succeeds Pope Eusebius as the 32nd pope.
The Donatist split occurs in the African church.
Domitius Alexander, Roman usurper (approximate date)
December 3 – Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Roman Emperor
May 5 – Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Roman emperor
November 25 – Saint Peter, Patriarch of Alexandria (martyred)
Sima Yue, prince and regent of the Jin Dynasty
Year 241 (CCXLI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Winter – Emperor Gordian III reaches Antioch.
He gets his army ready to fight against the Persians.
Timesitheus becomes Praetorian Prefect
Shapur I succeeds his father Ardashir I as king of Persia.
The ancient city of Bagram (Afghanistan) is abandoned.
Shapur I adds parts of the Kushan Empire.
November 1 – The Battle of Samhain is fought in Ireland.
Cao Mao, emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (possible date) (d. 260)
Ardashir I, first ruler of the Sassanid dynasty
Zhuge Jin, minister of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu, older brother of Zhuge Liang (b. 174)
Sun Deng, eldest son of Sun Quan (b. 209)
Year 243 (CCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Battle of Resaena: A Roman army under Timesitheus defeats the Persians at Resaena (Syria).
King Shapur I must run away to the Euphrates.
Timesitheus becomes ill and dies under suspicious circumstances.
Shapur I goes back to Persia.
Emperor Gordian III picks Philip the Arab as his new praetorian prefect.
Sun Liang, emperor of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu (d. 260)
Gu Yong, minister of Wu (b. 168)
Kan Ze, advisor of Wu
Timesitheus, advisor and praetorian prefect (b. 190)
February 3 – Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius give religious freedom for all.
They end the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
Emperor Maximinus II fights at Bosphorus.
April 30 – Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus II.
He becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Maximinus runs away to Nicomedia and commits suicide.
March 14 – Emperor Jin Huidi is killed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao).
Crown prince Jin Mindi, age 13, becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova), Rome, is finished.
Constantine I and Licinius accept Christianity.
October 2 – Lateran Synod: Donatism is made a heresy.
Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.
Didymus the Blind, Alexandrian theologian (approximate date)
Shi Hong, emperor of the Chinese Jie state (d. 334)
Achillas, Patriarch of Alexandria
Dowager Zhang, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
March 14 – Jin Huidi, Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 284)
Maximinus II, Roman Emperor (b. 270)
Zhang Huiguang, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
310s
April 8 – Caracalla is killed by his legionaries near Edessa.
Marcus Opellius Macrinus head of the Praetorian Guard, calls himself Roman emperor.
Summer – Battle of Nisibis: The Roman army is defeated in a three days battle by the Parthians at Nisibis (southern Turkey).
King Artabanus IV signs a peace treaty with Rome.
Macrinus, of Mauritania, becomes the first equestrian Roman emperor.
Empress Julia kills herself.
The Colosseum is badly damaged by fire.
It destroys the wooden upper levels of the amphitheater.
December 20 – The papacy of Zephyrinus ends.
Callixtus I is elected as the sixteenth pope.
Hippolytus says he should not be Pope.
Hippolytus begins his "pontificate" as antipope.
Ciriacus succeeds Philadelphus as Patriarch of Constantinople.
Fu Xuan, Chinese poet (d. 278)
Hua He, minister under the Kingdom of Wu (d. 279)
Jia Chong, general of the Jin Dynasty (d. 282)
Empress Dowager Wang Yuanji, wife of Sima Zhao (d. 268)
April 8 – Caracalla, Roman Emperor (assassinated) (b. 188)
Julia Domna, Roman Empress (suicide) (b. 170)
December 20 – Pope Zephyrinus
Chen Lin, minister of Han Dynasty
Lu Su, advisor to Sun Quan, sympathetic to Liu Bei (b. 172)
Wang Can, Chinese poet, scholar, and statesman of Cao Wei (b. 177)
Sima Lang, official of Han Dynasty (b. 171)
Pausanias hides in the Temple of Athena of the Brazen House to escape arrest.
The Spartans wall in the sanctuary and starve Pausanias to death.
The construction of the Temple of Zeus, begins at Olympia, Greece.
The Charioteer, in the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi, is created.
It was for a victory in the Pythian Games of 478 or 474 BC (approximate date).
It is now kept at the Delphi Archaeological Museum.
Pan Painter makes a "bell krater" (an earthenware piece that is used to mix water and wine) which has a red-figure decoration of Artemis slaying Actaeon.
It is now kept at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (approximate date).
Aspasia of Miletus, mistress of Pericles of Athens (d. c. 400 BC)
Mozi, Chinese philosopher (d. c. 390 BC)
Pausanias, Spartan commander during the Greco-Persian Wars
470s BC
The democracy of Athens is overthrown.
A "Council of Four Hundred" is set up. *
Phrynichus, the leader of the extremists, is killed.
The traditional constitution is put back.
The Athenian navy under Thrasybulus calls Alcibiades back from Sardis.
Euripides' play Iphigeneia in Tauris is performed.
Aristophanes' plays Lysistrata and Women Celebrating the Thesmophoria are performed.
Timoleon, Greek statesman and general (approximate date) (d. 337 BC)
Antiphon, Athenian politician and orator (b. 480 BC)
Phrynicus, Athenian general (assassinated)
The Athenian fleet follows the Spartan admiral, Lysander, to the Hellespont.
The Athenian fleet is destroyed in the Battle of Aegospotami.
The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens.
Lysander's fleet blockades Piraeus.
This starves Athens.
Theramenes tries to negotiate with Lysander.
He is away for three months.
Dionysius the Elder rises to power as the tyrant of Syracuse.
He makes peace with the Carthaginian general.
Carthage is in control of most of Sicily.
Dionysius the Elder expands his power.
He builds a wall around Syracuse.
The Greek citizens of Naxos, Catana, and Leontini are removed from their cities.
Many of them are made slaves.
Aristophanes' play The Frogs is performed.
Euripides' The Bacchae and Iphigeneia at Aulis are performed at the Dionysia and win first prize.
The Erechtheum, which includes The Porch of Maidens (Caryatid Porch), is completed in the Ionian style on the Acropolis in Athens after 16 years of building.
Philolaus, Greek mathematician and philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 480 BC)
579 BC—Servius Tullius succeeds Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome.
575 BC—Ishtar Gate and throne room wall, from Babylon (Iraq) is made.
It is now at Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Vorderasiatisches Museum.
575 BC—Battle of Yanling in China, the army of the State of Jin defeats the forces of the State of Chu in ancient Henan province.
575 BC–550 BC—Temples and public buildings begin to be in Rome.
Main temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is built.
573 BC—Nemean Games founded at Nemea.
572 BC—Death of Zhou jian wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
571 BC-On 25 November Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
571 BC—Zhou ling wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
570 BC—Amasis II succeeds Apries as king of Egypt.
c. 570 BC—François Vase, black figure decoration on a volute krater, is made by potter—Ergotimos and painter—Kleitias.
It is now at Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence, Italy.
570 BC–560 BC—Berlin Kore, from a cemetery at Keratea, near Athens, is made.
It is now at Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung.
c. 570 BC-Death of Sappho.
576 BC—Birth of Cyrus the Great, later King of Anshan, and architect of the Persian Empire.
570 BC—Birth of Xenophanes
c.570 BC—Birth of Pythagoras on the island of Samos, mathematician (d. c. 475 BC)
Ergotimos—potter
Kleitias—painter
The State of Wu is added by the State of Yue.
The Hikawa Shrine is formed in Saitama, Saitama.
King Fuchai of Wu, the last king of Wu in Zhou Dynasty China
January 18 – Emperor Constans I is very unliked.
Magnus Magnentius is made emperor at Autun (Gaul).
January – Constans I runs away to Spain.
He is killed.
Magnentius rules the Western Roman Empire.
He is nicer to Christians and Pagans.
March 1 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina to make himself Caesar.
Constantius accepts the new emperor.
June 3 – Iulius Nepotianus, Roman usurper, calls himself "emperor".
He enters Rome with a group of gladiators.
June 30 – Nepotianus is defeated and killed by Marcellinus.
December 25 – Vetranio meets Constantius II at Naissus (Serbia).
He is forced to give up his title.
About this time the Huns begin to invade the Sassanid Empire.
The city of Anbar (Iraq) is founded by king Shapur II.
The Wei-Jie war breaks out in North China.
The church of Santa Constanza in Rome is finished.
Honoratus, archbishop of Arles (approximate date)
Hypatia of Alexandria, female Neoplatonist philosopher (approximate date)
Murong Wei, emperor of the Xianbei state Former Yan (d. 385)
Plutarch of Athens, Greek philosopher (approximate date)
Theodore of Mopsuestia, bishop and theologian (approximate date)
Zhang Xuanjing, ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang (d. 363)
Constans I, Roman Emperor
Eutropia, mother of Nepotianus
June 30 – Nepotianus, Roman usurper
Shi Jian, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao
Emperor Valentinian I is against the Alamanni, Quadi and  Sarmatians.
His subordinates are dealing with Firmus,  Roman usurper, in Africa and the Picts in Britain.
The Huns attack the Tervingi on the Dniester.
Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Feidi is dethroned as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
He is replaced by Jin Jianwendi.
September 12 – Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father Jin Jianwendi.
Empress Chu Suanzi serves as regent.
The first diplomatic ties are made between the Korean kingdom of Baekje and the Chinese court of the Jin Dynasty.
The national academy of Chinese learning, called Taehak, is made in the kingdom of Goguryeo (Korea).
Gregory of Nyssa becomes bishop.
Buddhism is the official religion of Gorguryeo.
Saint Augustine adopts Manichaeism.
Valentinian I bans Manichaean meetings.
Pei Songzhi, Chinese historian (d. 451)
Jin Jianwendi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 320)
Maximus of Ephesus, Greek Neoplatonist philosopher
Sabbas the Goth, Christian reader and saint (b. 334)
370s
Gothic War: Emperor Valens lets the Visigothic chieftain Fritigern and his people cross the Danube from Thrace.
They can live in Lower Moesia if they provide soldiers to the legions.
The Greuthungi, led by Alatheus and Saphrax, ask for help from the Roman Empire.
They are refused.
The Romans fail to disarm the Visigoths.
The Goths break out of their containment area along the Danube.
They go south towards the region near Marcianople (Bulgaria).
Lupicinus, Comes (Count) of Thrace, tries to bring the Visigoths back under control.
He invites Fritigern and the Gothic leaders to a banquet.
During the feast Lupicinus tries to kill the Gothics.
Fritigern escapes.
Lupicinus attacks the Visigoths.
His force (5,000 men) is defeated.
The Goths get Roman armour and weapons.
Fritigern marches south towards Adrianople (Turkey).
Winter – Fritigern tries to siege Adrianople.
Zhang Tianxi, ruler of Former Liang, submits to Fu Jiān of Former Qin, thus ending the state of Former Liang.
Zhang is made "Marquess of Guiyi".
China is divided between the Former Qin in the north and the Eastern Jin in the south.
Cyril of Alexandria, patrairch and theologian (d. 444)
Ermanaric, king of the Gothic Greuthungi
Theodosius the Elder, Roman general
Tuoba Shiyijian, prince of the Tuoba Dai (b. 320)
Yuan Hong, historian and politician of the Jin Dynasty (b. 328)
Year 294 (CCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Galerius, Roman Caesar in the Balkan, fights the Goths, Marcomanni, Sarmatians, and Carpi.
Emperor Diocletian goes with the young Constantine I the Great to Egypt.
He besieges Alexandria.
They take down "emperor" Achilleus.
Tuoba Luguan succeeds his nepnew Tuoba Fu as chieftain of the Tuoba clan.
Sima Bao, prince of the Jin Dynasty (d. 320)
Tuoba Fu, chieftain of the Chinese Tuoba clan
Flavius Dalmatius stops a revolt in Cyprus led by Calocaerus.
Calocaerus is brought to Tarsus (Cilicia) and killed.
The Goths protect the Danube against the Vandals.
Emperor Constantine the Great again starts gladiatorial combat.
The barbarian king Che Hou rules in China.
His sons try to kill him.
They are caught and killed.
Huiyuan, Chinese Buddhist teacher and founder of the Donglin Temple (d. 416)
Sabbas the Goth, Christian reader and saint (d. 372)
Virius Nicomachus Flavianus, Roman historian and politician (d. 394)
Calocaerus, Roman usurper
Empress Dowager Cheng
Li Ban, emperor of Chang Han (b. 288)
Li Xiong, first emperor of Cheng Han (b. 274)
Shi Hong, emperor of the Chinese Jie state (b. 313)
Tao Kan, general of the Jin Dynasty (b. 259)
Wei Huacun, founder of the Shangqing sect of Daoism (b. 252)
330s
Flavius Dalmatius and Domitius Zenofilus become consuls.
Calocaerus goes against Constantine I and calls himself Emperor.
December 25 – Constantine I gives his youngest son Constans the rank of Caesar at Constantinople.
Shi Hong succeeds his father Shi Le as Emperor of the Later Zhao Empire, in the Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms.
Saint Monica, Algerian Christian saint and mother of Augustine of Hippo (approximate date)
Empress Liu
Murong Hui, Xianbei chief and Duke Xiang of Liaodong (b. 269)
Shi Le, founder and emperor of the Chinese Jie state (b. 274)
231 (CCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Alexander Severus fights against the Persians.
Zhuge Liang starts the fourth of his Northern Expeditions against the state of Cao Wei.
Origen, disciple of Ammonius Saccas, founder of Neoplatonism, is sent away to Caesarea.
Cao Fang, Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 274)
Sun Chen, regent of the Kingdom of Wu (d. 258)
Cao Zhen, general of Kingdom of Wei (b. 185)
Hua Xin, adviser of Kingdom of Wei (b. 157)
Li Hui, minister of Kingdom of Shu
Zhang He, military leader under Cao Cao (b. 167)
Year 226 (CCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
June 29 – Cao Pi dies.
His son Cao Rui becomes emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
King Ardashir I defeats Artabanus IV.
He is crowned "King of Kings" of the Persian Empire.
This begins the 400 year-reign of the Sassanid Empire.
The Empire of Parthia falls.
Wang Bi, Chinese philosopher (d. 249)
Lu Kang, son of Lu Xun (b. 274)
June 29 – Cao Pi, Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (China) (b. 187)
Shi Xie, ruler of Jiaozhi (b. 137)
Shi Hui, son of Shi Xie
Shi Zhi,  eldest son of Shi Xie
Artabanus IV, last ruler of the Parthian Empire
Year 266 (CCLXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
King Odaenathus of Palmyra invades Persia.
He takes the capital Ctesiphon.
He gives himself with the title "king of kings".
The rule of High King Cormac mac Airt ends (approximate date).
Wang Dun, general of the Jin Dynasty (d. 324)
Year 277 (CCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Probus travels with his army west across the Sea of Marmara (Turkey).
He defeats the Goths along the lower Danube.
Probus enters Rome to get his title of Emperor approved by the Senate.
Tuoba Xilu succeeds his father Tuoba Liwei as chieftain of the Tuoba clan.
Sima Ai, prince of the Jin Dynasty (d. 304)
Zhang Mao, ruler of Former Liang (d. 324)
Tuoba Liwei, chieftain of the Tuoba clan (China)
Emperor Shi Zun dies.
His son Shi Jian succeeds him as emperor of the Jie state.
The Mou-jong (proto-Mongols) take control of North China.
John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople (approximate date)
Empress Liu, wife of emperor Shi Hu (b. 318)
Shi Hu, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao (b. 295)
Shi Shi, emperor and brother of Shi Zun (b. 339)
Shi Zun, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao
Wei Shuo, calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty (b. 272)
Empress Zhang, wife of emperor Shi Zun
Empress Zheng Yingtao, mother of emperor Shi Zun
Year 291 (CCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Diocletian signs peace treaties with the kingdoms of Aksum and Nubia.
War of the Eight Princes: After the death of Emperor Sima Yan a civil war starts among the princes and dukes of the Jin Dynasty.
Li Xiu, female general during the Jin Dynasty
Saint Agnes, Christian martyress (d. c. 304)
Saint Hilarion, anchorite and saint (d. 371)
Saint Philomena, Christian martyress (d. c. 304)
Sima Liang, regent during the rule of Sima Yan
Sima Wei, prince during the Jin Dynasty (b. 271)
Wei Guan, general of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 220)
Wen Yang, general of the Kingdom of Wei  (b. 238)
Yang Jun, official during the rule of Sima Yan
Year 254 (CCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus and Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus become Roman Consuls.
May 12 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I as the 23rd pope.
Xiahou Xuan, minister of Wei and son of Xiahou Shang (b. 209)
Year 271 (CCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Aurelian pushes the Vandals back from Pannonia.
Battle of Placentia: The Alamanni invade Italy.
They take the city of Piacenza.
Battle of Fano: The Alamanni move toward Rome.
Aurelian defeats the Germanic tribes on the Metauro River.
Battle of Pavia: The Roman army chase after the Alamanni in Lombardy.
Felicissimus leads an uprising against Aurelian.
He is defeated and killed on the Caelian Hill.
Aurelian begins to build a new defensive wall to protect Rome.
Victorinus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire, is killed by Attitianus.
Domitianus is Emperor for a few days before being replaced by Tetricus I.
Zenobia makes herself to be Empress.
She breaks all relations with the Roman Empire.
Zenobia gives her son Vaballathus the title of Augustus.
King Shapur I builds the Academy of Gundishapur (Iran).
A magnetic compass is first used in China.
Sima Wei, prince during the Jin Dynasty (d. 291)
Ding Feng, general of the Kingdom of Wu
Domitianus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire
Felicissimus, Roman financial minister (rationalis)
Liu Shan, last Emperor of the Kingdom of Shu (b. 207)
Pei Xiu, minister and cartographer of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 224)
Sima Wang, general of the Jin Dynasty (b. 205)
Victorinus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire
Year 283 (CCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Carus travels through Thrace and Asia Minor.
He invades Syria and Mesopotamia.
Carus gets the title of Persicus Maximus.
Carus dies.
During a violent dust storm he is killed by a stroke of lightning.
Marcus Aurelius Carinus succeeds his father Carus.
December – Numerian is made Emperor by his soldiers.
December 17 – Pope Caius succeeds Pope Eutychian as the 28th pope.
Eusebius of Vercelli, bishop and saint (approximate date)
Ge Hong, Chinese taoist and government official (d. 343)
December 7 – Pope Eutychian
Marcus Aurelius Carus, Roman emperor (b. 224)
Shan Tao, Chinese taoist (b. 205)
Year 270 (CCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Emperor Claudius II Gothicus dies.
He is succeeded by his brother Quintillus.
Quintillus commits suicide.
He is succeeded by Lucius Domitius Aurelianus.
Aurelianus pushes the Goths back across the Danube and recovers Roman land.
The Romans leave Utrecht because the Germanic tribes keep fighting.
Crisis of the Third Century: An economic crisis starts in the Roman empire.
The Chinese invent gunpowder.
At first, it appears to be used only for fireworks.
November 20 – Maximinus II, Roman Emperor
Nicholas of Myra (Santa Claus) (d. 343)
Rabbah bar Nahmani, Babylonian 'amora
Saint Spyridon, bishop of Trimythous (d. 348)
St. Valentine (executed by Claudius II) (Possible year)
Claudius II, Roman Emperor (b. 213)
Quintillus, Roman emperor
Plotinus, father of Neo-Platonism (b. c. 205) (approximate date)
Jingu of Japan, possibly legendary empress of Japan
Luo Xian, general of the Kingdom of Shu
Qiao Zhou, minister of the Kingdom of Shu (b. 201)
Jiang Wei tries to restore the Kingdom of Shu.
He wants Zhong Hui to have a rebellion against Sima Zhao, ruler of Cao Wei.
Sun Hao succeeds Sun Xiu as ruler of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu.
Deng Ai, general of the Cao Wei
Deng Zhong, general of Wei, son of famed general Deng Ai (b. 230)
Jiang Wei, general of Shu Han, grand commander and strategist, and foster son of Zhuge Liang (b. 202)
Liao Hua, general of Shu
Sima Zhao, general of Wei, son of Sima Yi (b. 211)
Sun Xiu, Emperor of Eastern Wu (b. 235)
Zhang Bu, general of Wu
Zhang Yi, general of Shu
Zhong Hui, general of Wei (b. 225)
The Roman town Forum Hadriani gets the title of "the town of the Cananefates".
The town is allowed to have markets.
The Germans of the east move south, into the Carpathians and Black Sea area.
The Albani appear in the Roman province of Macedon.
First and only year of Heping of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
The Middle Culture period of Mayan civilization ends (approximate date).
The Great Pyramid of the Sun is built in Teotihuacan.
It is the tallest pre-Columbian building in the Americas.
Marcion of Sinope makes his bible canon.
It has versions of the Gospel of Luke and ten Pauline letters (approximate date).
The earliest atlas (Ptolemy's Geography) is made (approximate date).
Completion of Ptolemy's monumental work Almagest.
The geocentric cosmology is followed for 1,400 years.
Antoninus Liberalis writes a work on mythology (approximate date).
Paper, made in China, arrives in Transoxiana.
Monoimus, Arab gnostic (approximate date)
Nagarjuna, founder of Mahayana "Great Vehicle" (approximate date)
Zhang Zhongjing, Chinese physician (d. 219)
Yufuluo (d. 196)
Aśvaghoṣa, Indian poet (approximate date)
Empress Liang Na, wife of Emperor Shun of Han (b. 116)
Year 165 (CLXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Avidius Cassius is successful against Parthia.
They take Artaxata, Seleucia on the Tigris, and Ctesiphon.
The Parthians ask for peace.
A pandemic known as the Antonine Plague breaks out in Rome.
Dura-Europos is taken by the Romans.
The Romans make a garrison at Doura Europos on the Euphrates.
Avidius Cassius takes Nisibis.
He conquers the north of Mesopotamia.
Marcus Aurelius creates four legal districts in Italy.
The philosopher Justin of Nablus is executed in Rome as a Christian.
Discourse to the Greek (Oratio ad Graecos), by the Syrian Tatian, is the first treatise on the evils of paganism in Christian literature.
Macrinus, Roman emperor (approximate date)
Justin Martyr, early apologist for Christianity
Claudius Ptolemaeus, Greek astronomer (approximate date)
Empress Deng Mengnu, wife of Emperor Huan of Han
Elpinice (daughter of Herodes Atticus)
Google Play is a platform by Google.
It is a online store for music, books, movies and a few million Android applications.
Google formed it in March 2012 by merging four different stores:
Android Market, the oldest, was started in October 2008
Google Movies.
Ragged Island is a small island and district in the southern Bahamas.
The island was badly damaged by Hurricane Donna.
In 2000 there were just 72 people.
The Open Door Tour is the second worldwide tour by American alternative metal band Evanescence.
Supporting the bands' second album, The Open Door, the tour began October 5, 2006, in Toronto, Canada and lasted for a little over a year.
During the tour, the band performed at several popular music festivals, including Download and PinkPop festivals and Z100's Jingle Ball.
The setlist included songs from The Open Door and the bands debut album, Fallen.
For the first leg of the tour, the band toured locations in North America in October and traveled to Europe in November to play a number of shows before returning to the U.S. in December to perform in large arenas.
The band later continued this leg of the tour in January 2007 in Montreal, Canada, playing in locations in Canada before heading to Japan and Australia.
The second leg of the tour began on March 16, kicking off in Fresno, California.
The tour ran through the U.S., South America, South Africa and Europe, closing their European tour with a sell-out concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana, Israel, on June 26, 2007.
On May 4, 2007, guitarist John LeCompt was fired and drummer Rocky Grey quit.
They were replaced by Troy McLawhorn and Will Hunt from the band Dark New Day.
Evanescence later co-headlined The Family Values Tour alongside Korn from July 27 until September 2, 2007.
Afterwards, the band left on their Winter tour on October 23, playing shows in the U.S. and Mexico, before concluding the album's tour on December 8, 2007 in Kingston, Rhode Island.
It was initially stated that McLawhorn and Hunt would tour with Evanescence till the end of the Family Values Tour in September, but continued to play with the band through The Open Door tour.
Opening Acts
First Leg
Revelation Theory (United States, Europe)
Stone Sour (Canada)
The Black Maria (Canada)
Shihad (Australia)
Second Leg
Chevelle (United States)
Finger Eleven (United States)
Third Leg
Shiny Toy Guns (Special Appearance)
Setlists
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| header = First Leg
| content =North America
"Weight of the World"
"The Only One"
"Going Under"
"Good Enough"
"Haunted"
"Imaginary"
"Call Me When You're Sober"
"Lacrymosa"
"All That I'm Living For"
Lacrymosa
All That I'm Living For
en:The Open Door#Tour
The name Chelsea is a given name used for females.
It is pronounced CHELL-see.
There are many famous people named Chelsea, including Chelsea Clinton (the daughter of former President Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton).
The name was used most in 1992, when it was at #15 in the United States on the USA Social Security Administration baby naming chart.
People named Chelsea
Chelsea Brown, actress
Chelsea Brummet, actress
Chelsea Field, actress
Chelsea Handler, comedian
Chelsee Healey, actress
Chelsea Hobbs, actress
Chelsea Kane, actress and singer
Chelsea Newton, basketball player
Chelsea Noble, actress
Chelsea Quealey, jazz trumpeter
Chelsea, Victoria, Australia
Chelsea, Nova Scotia, Canada
Chelsea, Quebec, Canada
Chelsea, London, United Kingdom
A stairlift or stair lift is a special type of chair.
The user sits in the chair and it moves him or her up the stairs.
Stairlifts are often used by people who are handicapped or cannot walk up the stairs.
Stairlifts travel on rails that are bolted to the staircase, not the wall.
Most stairlifts have a battery-powered motor.
The battery allows the user to ride the lift even if the power goes out.
Types of stairlifts
Straight Rail Stair Lifts - A straight rail stair lift is the most common type of stair lift on the market because it’s designed for the types of stairs most common in homes.
With a straight rail stair lift, the rail is attached to the treads of the stairs by legs and are spaced approximately a foot apart.
Platform Stair Lifts - Wheelchair or platform stair lifts take the standard seat-style stair lift but add enough room for a wheelchair to be carried up stairs.
These stair lifts can necessitate more power than traditional curved or straight rail stair lifts as well, and are therefore most common in commercial buildings, hospitals, or assisted living facilities and nursing homes.
Operas had been performed in various buildings in Turin during the 17th century but it was not until 1713 that a proper opera house was planned.
It was not built and finished until 1740.
It was a beautiful opera house with 1,500 seats and with 139 boxes.
In 1792 it was closed and became a warehouse.
With the French occupation of Turin during the Napoleonic War the theatre was renamed the Teatro Nazionale and finally, after Napoleon became emperor, renamed again as the Teatro Imperiale.
When Napoleon's lost power in 1814 it got its original name back: the Regio.
Other theatres were built and gave seasons of opera in Turin.
Among them was the restored Teatro Carignano in 1824.
It was taken over by the municipality in 1932 and, after the destruction by fire of the Teatro Regio in 1936, the Carignano was the main opera house in the city until the Regio reopened in 1973.
The Regio was rebuilt in 1905 but the theatre closed during the First World War and re-opened in 1919.
Until February 1936, seasons of opera were presented until fire then destroyed everything except the front of the building.
It remained closed for thirty-seven years.
Arturo Toscanini was the conductor of the Turin Opera from 1895 to 1898, during which time several production of works of Wagner were given their first Italian performances.
The opera house was rebuilt an opened in 10 April 1973 with a production of Verdi's I Vespri Siciliani directed by Maria Callas and Giuseppe Di Stefano.
The new house, which uses the original frontage, seats 1,750 and is elliptical in shape with a large orchestra level and 37 boxes.
Many operas are performed there, including modern operas.
Lynn, Karyl Charna, Italian Opera Houses and Festivals, Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2005.
Plantamura, Carol, The Opera Lover's Guide to Europe, New York: Citadel Press, 1996.
Teatro Regio Torino website (both English and Italian)
Opera houses in Italy
1740 establishments
Al-Ahsa (disambiguation), the Saudi Arabian oasis region (also spelled al-Hasa and Hassa)
the American Horse Shows Association
the American Hunters and Shooters Association
, the Gothic letter a, see Gothic alphabet, Ansuz rune
Al-Ahsa or Al-Hasa - an oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia
Al-Ahsa Governorate - the administrative unit that includes the Al-Ahsa oasis
Al-Bahrain (historical region), which includes most of Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province
Al-Ahsa Eyalet, a subdivision of the Ottoman Empire
Al-Ahsa, sometimes Al-Hasa, El Hasa, or Hadjar is a traditional oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia.
The oasis is about 60 km inland from the Persian Gulf.
Al-Ahsa is part of the region known historically as Al-Bahrayn.
It includes the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula down to the borders of Oman.
It also includes the island of Awal (modern-day Bahrain).
With an area of around , Al-Ahsa Oasis is the largest oasis in the world.
There are more than 2.5 million palm trees including date palms in the oasis, which is fed from a huge underground aquifer and irrigated by the flow of more than 280 artesian springs, which allows agriculture all year round in a region that is otherwise sand desert.
Main cities and villages
Al Hofuf: capital city and has lots of traditional markets.
Al Mubarraz: large city with many big markets.
Al-Omran: has more than 15 villages and well known for the many farms.
Shaybah: oil town in the Empty Quarter.
More than 50 Villages.
Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
It goes from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south.
It is from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west.
Qatif is one of the oldest towns in the eastern side of the Arabian peninsula.
Its history goes back to 3500 BC.
Qatifi people used to work as merchants, farmers, and fishers.
Now most of Qatifi's people are working in oil, industry, public services, education and health care sectors.
The Al Khalifa family is the ruling royal family of Bahrain.
The Al Khalifa are Sunni Islam.
They belong to the Anizah tribe that came from Najd to Kuwait in the early 18th century.
They are also from the Utub tribe.
The current head of the family is Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.
He became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and made himself King of Bahrain in 2002.
As of 2010, about half of the cabinet ministers of Bahrain are from the Al Khalifa royal family.
The country's Prime Minister, Khalifah bin Salman al-Khalifah, is also from the Al Khalifa family and is the uncle of the current King.
List of monarchs of Bahrain of the Al Khalifa family
In public office
Other notable members
Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, crown prince and chief of the Bahrain Defence Force.
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, prime minister of Bahrain (11 November 2020 -Present ),
Shaikh Rashid bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, prominent Bahraini artist and patron of the arts.
Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa, brother of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (Hakim, 1961–1971; Emir, 1971–1999) and Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (prime minister since 1971).
Mai Al Khalifa, culture minister.
The National Consultative Assembly of Iran, also called The Iranian Parliament or People's House, is the national legislative body of Iran.
The Parliament has 290 representatives.
There were 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
The election took place on 2 March 2012.
The new parliament will be opened on 27 May 2012.
The first national assembly
The first national assembly, the "Majlis", was formed in 1906, after the 1905-1906 revolution.
The Majlis wrote a constitution for the Persian empire.
The first Majlis had 156 delegates.
Tehran had 60 of the 156 seats.
Major provinces like Azerbaijan had 12 delegates.
Smaller provinces like Gilan and Tavala had 6 delegates each.
In 1941, Britain and Russia invaded Persia to put the Germans out.
This happened during the 13th Majlis.
Mohamed Reza Shah was the constitutional monarch from 1941-1953.
From 1953 until the revolution of 1979, Shah was the absolute ruler.
Elections for the 14th Majlis were in 1943.
In 1950, a special assembly met to create a new upper house, or senate, with half of the members appointed by Shah.
The assembly also gave Shah the power to dissolve the national assembly.
The 21st Majlis was elected in September 1963.
The 1979 revolution
Elections after the revolution
1st Majlis 1979-83
2nd Majlis 1983-87
3rd Majlis 1987-91
4th majlis 1991-96
5th Majlis 1996-00
6th Majlis 2000-04
Charles Dalrymple Belgrave (1894–1969) was a British citizen.
He was an advisor to the rulers of Bahrain from 1926 until 1957.
He first was under Shaikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa.
The he was under Shaikh Salman ibn Hamad Al-Khalifa.
During the war he was with the Imperial Camel Corps.
He spent two years in Siwa Oasis.
He got better at his Arabic at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.
He came to Bahrain in March 1926.
He stayed there until 1957.
Personal Diary of Charles Belgrave (1926–1957)
Historic photos of Charles Belgrave
Sheikh Abdul Amir al-Jamri (1937-December 18, 2006) was the 'spiritual leader' of Bahrain's Twelver Shi'a population and the 1990s Intifada.
He is the father of Mansoor Al-Jamri, editor-in-chief of the Al Wasat daily newspaper.
Al-Jamri was born in the village of Bani Jamra, Bahrain, in 1937.
In 1962 he went to school at the Najaf Religious Institute in Iraq.
In 1973 al-Jamri became a member of Bahrain's parliament, the National Assembly of Bahrain.
Beginning in 1977, al-Jamri was a judge at the High Religious Court of Bahrain.
In 1992, al-Jamri joined with Islamists, liberals and leftists to ask the ruler of Bahrain to make a new parliament.
In 1994, he asked again.
On April 1, 1995, al-Jamri was placed under house arrest for two weeks.
He then went to jail.
He was let go on September 25, 1995.
On January 21, 1996 he went to jail again.
On July 7, 1999 al-Jamri was given 10 years imprisonment and fined $15 million.
He was let go a day later and placed under house arrest until January 23, 2001.
Less than one month later he called on the people to support the reforms of the King of Bahrain, Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah.
In June 2002, al-Jamri suffered a stroke.
He died at home on December 18, 2006.
Sheikh —  also spelled Sheik or Shaikh or Shekh — is an honorific in the Arabic language.
It means "elder" and often means "leader and/or governor".
It is commonly used for the front man of a tribe.
He can be an Islamic scholar who got this title after graduating from a basic Islamic school.
Sheikha is the female term.
These are uncommon in the Arabic world.
A sheikh who is wise is called ḥakīm and can rule.
In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, "Sheikh" is a common surname among Muslims.
It generally means there is Arab ancestry.
Abdulhadi Abdulla Hubail Alkhawaja is a Bahraini-Danish human rights activists.
He is now in prison in Bahrain after the Bahraini uprising.
He is former president and co-founder of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights (BCHR).
This is a nonprofit non-governmental group which works to promote human rights in Bahrain.
On 9 April 2011, Alkhawaja was arrested.
Alkhawaja was given life imprisonment on 22 June 2011.
On 8 February 2012, he started a hunger strike until "freedom or death".
Hasan Mushaima is an opposition leader in Bahrain.
He is the secretary-general of the Haq Movement.
He wants more democratic rights in Bahrain.
He was a starting member of Al Wefaq.
He was in the 1994 uprising in Bahrain.
Mushaima said he was going to return to Bahrain during the protests in February 2011.
He was kept in Lebanon.
Mushaima finally did return to Bahrain on Saturday, February 26, 2011.
Front Line: Ongoing harassment of Bahraini human rights defenders
Clashes erupt after two opposition figures are held in Bahrain
A governorate is an administrative division of a country.
It is headed by a governor.
English-speaking nations call regions who have governors either states, provinces, or colonies.
Arab countries
Governorates of Iraq (official translation, sometimes also translated as province)
Governorates of Kuwait
Governorates of Lebanon
Governorates of Oman
Governorates of Palestine
Governorates of Syria
Governorates of Tunisia (wilayah)
Jordan is divided into 12 governorates.
In 1994, four new governorates were created: Jerash, Ajloun, Madaba and Aqaba.
The governorates of Jordan are in one of three regions: the North Region, Central Region and the South Region.
The regions are mainly distributed by the distance between the cities.
Jordan Governorates: Empowering the Regions
The Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip were divided into three areas and 16 governorates.
They are under the Palestinian National Authority.
Geography of Palestine
Governorates are the second level of regional administration within Saudi Arabia.
Each of Saudi Arabia's 13 emirates is divided into governorates.
Governorates are then divided into sub-governorates.
Governorates in Saudi Arabia can be either "Category A" or "Category B", depending on how many people live there.
The number of Governorates in Saudi Arabia is 118.
119 if you include the special municipality of Al-Udayd.
list of the governorates
The Capital Governorate is one of the five governorates of Bahrain.
It includes parts of the municipalities of Al Manamah, Ras Roman and Jidd Haffs.
The Central Governorate was one of the five governorates of Bahrain until 23 September 2014.
It includes parts of the former municipalities of Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Madinat 'Isa, Sitrah and A'ali.
The Northern Governorate is one of the five governorates of Bahrain.
It includes parts of the former municipalities of Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah al Shamaliyah, Jidd Haffs and Madinat Hamad.
Northern Governorate website
The Southern Governorate  is the largest of the five governorates of Bahrain.
It includes parts of Bahrain's old municipalities - Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, and Juzur Hawar (the Hawar Islands).
It has the least number of people of the regions on Bahrain.
It is the least economically productive.
Persian Gulf, a body of water sometimes controversially called the Arabian Gulf or The Gulf by some Arab countries
Red Sea, in geographical works from ancient times to the 19th century
Khalij el-Arab, near Alexandria, Egypt, translates to English as the "Arab Gulf", or "The Arabs' Gulf"
Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union
Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf
National Democratic Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf
The Arabian Sea, to the west of India
The Mountain of Smoke is a hill in the Southern Governorate of Bahrain.
At  above mean sea level, it is the country's highest point.
The Mountain of Smoke is named because of the haze which often surrounds it on humid days.
A number of caves are around the mountain.
Territorial waters, or a territorial sea is a belt of coastal waters that go at most  from the edge of a coastal state.
The territorial sea is land of the state.
Ships are let to sail on it.
Ownership also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.
The term "territorial waters" is also sometimes used to mean any area of water a state has jurisdiction.
This includes  internal waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and potentially the continental shelf.
The contiguous zone is a band of water that goes from the outer edge of the territorial sea to up to  from the baseline.
Tanker (ship), a ship to carry bulk liquids
Chemical tanker, a type of tanker to transport chemicals in bulk
Oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker
LNG carrier, a ship for transporting liquefied natural gas
Tank car, a railroad freight car for carrying bulk liquids
Tank truck, a heavy road vehicle for carrying bulk liquids
Water tender, a firefighting vehicle used to carry large amounts of water to a fire
Tanker (aircraft), an aircraft for in-flight refuelling
Tanker 910, a specific aircraft used to drop water or retardant on fires in California
André Tanker (1941–2003), Trinidadian musician and composer
Tanker (album), a 1988 album by Bailter Space
Types of refineries
oil refinery, which changes crude oil into high-octane motor fuel (gasoline/petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), jet aircraft fuel, kerosene, heating fuel oils, lubricating oils, asphalt and petroleum coke;
sugar refinery, which changes sugar cane and sugar beets into crystallized sugar and sugar syrups;
natural gas processing plant, which purifies and changes raw natural gas into residential, commercial and industrial fuel gas, and also recovers natural gas liquids (NGL) such as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes;
salt refinery, which cleans common salt (NaCl), made by the solar evaporation of sea water, followed by washing and re-crystallization;
metal refineries refining metals such as alumina, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, uranium, zinc, magnesium and cobalt;
vegetable oil refinery
Master of Business Administration (often shortened to MBA) is a postgraduate academic degree.
People who study for an MBA already have a degree in another field of study and study management.
Very often, a master's degree is required, but sometimes bachelor's degree-holders with work experience are also accepted.
Unlike other areas of study, MBA courses are often targeted at people who work, and can be done in a part-time fashion, including distance learning.