the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
mixedCase for lower CamelCase in Python
nerdCaps or headlessCamelCase
Pascal case for upper CamelCase
WikiWord or WikiCase (especially in older wikis)
wimpyCaps
Chemical formulae
The first use of medial capitals was the notation for chemical formulae invented by the Swedish chemist Berzelius in 1813.
He did this to replace the large amount of naming and symbol systems used by chemists at that time.
He suggested to show each chemical element by a symbol of one or two letters, the first one being capitalized.
The capitalization allowed formulae like 'NaCl' to be written without spaces and still be read without confusion.
This system is still in use today.
Early use in trademarks
DryIce Corporation (1925)
CinemaScope and VistaVision, rival widescreen movie formats (1953)
ShopKo (1962)
MisterRogers, the Canadian version of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1962)
AstroTurf (1967)
ConAgra
Spread to mainstream usage
Despite its unclear origins inside the computing world, the practice spread in the 1980s and 1990s, when the personal computer became popular and exposed hacker culture to the world.
CamelCase then became popular for business names.
By 1990, it was very common to see CamelCase used in this way:
(1962) PolyGram, formerly one of the major labels of the music industry.
(1971) AeroVironment
(1976) InterCity 125
(1977) CompuServe, UnitedHealthCare (now UnitedHealthcare).
(1978) WordStar
(1979) MasterCard, SportsCenter, VisiCalc
(1980) EchoStar
(1982) MicroProse, WordPerfect
(1983) NetWare
(1984) BellSouth, LaserJet, MacWorks, iDEN
(1985) PageMaker, EastEnders
(1986) SpaceCamp
(1987) ClarisWorks, HyperCard, PowerPoint
(1990) HarperCollins, SeaTac, iconic WorldWideWeb
During the late 1990s when the internet became far more popular and easily available, the lowercase prefixes "e" (for "electronic") and "i" (for "Internet", "information", "interactive", "intelligent", etc.)
became quite common, and we began to see names like Apple's iMac and the eBox computer program.
History of the name "CamelCase"
The original name of the practice, used in media studies, grammars and the Oxford English Dictionary, was "medial capitals".
The fancier names such as "InterCaps", "CamelCase" and other variations are pretty recent and seem more common in computer-related communities.
The earliest known occurrence of the term "InterCaps" on Usenet is in an April 1990 post to the group alt.folklore.computers by Avi Rappoport, with "BiCapitalization" appearing slightly later in a 1991 post by Eric S. Raymond to the same group.
The earliest use of the name "CamelCase" occurs in 1995, in a post by Newton Love. "
With the advent of programming languages having these sorts of constructs, the humpiness of the style made me call it HumpyCase at first, before I settled on CamelCase.
I had been calling it CamelCase for years," said Love, "The citation above was just the first time I had used the name on USENET."
Current usage in computing
Programming and coding
The use of medial caps for identifiers is recommended by many organizations and software projects.
For some languages (such as Mesa, Pascal, Modula, Java and Microsoft's .NET) CamelCase is recommended by the language developers or by important manuals and has therefore become part of the language's "culture".
Style guidelines often distinguish between upper and lower CamelCase.
They usually specify which one should be used for certain kinds of things: variables, record fields, methods, procedures, types, etc.
This is sometimes supported by static analysis tools that check source code to make sure it is following these guidelines.
Wiki link markup
CamelCase is used in some wiki markup languages for terms that should be automatically linked to other wiki pages.
This convention was originally used in Ward Cunningham's original wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, and can be activated in most other wikis.
Some wiki engines such as TiddlyWiki, Trac and PMWiki use it in the default settings.
They also usually provide an option or plugin to disable it.
Wikipedia used to use CamelCase linking.
However, they have switched to explicit link markup using square brackets and many other wiki sites have done the same.
Some wikis that do not use CamelCase linking may still use the CamelCase as a naming convention, such as AboutUs.
Most popular command-line interfaces and scripting languages usually can't handle file names that contain embedded spaces.
Because of this, users of those systems often use to CamelCase (or underscores, hyphens and other "safe" characters) for compound file names like MyJobResume.pdf.
Microblogging and social networking sites that limit the number of characters in a message (most famously Twitter, where the 140-character limit can be quite restrictive in languages that rely on alphabets, including English) are usually outlets for medial capitals.
Using CamelCase between words reduces the number of spaces, and thus the number of characters in a given message.
This allows more content to fit into the limited space.
Current usage in natural languages
CamelCase has been used in languages other than English for several purposes.
Orthographic markings
CamelCase is sometimes used in the writing or translation of certain scripts as a way to tell the difference between ceratin letters or markings.
An example is the rendering of Tibetan proper names like rLobsang: the "r" here stands for a prefix glyph in the original script that functions as tone marker rather than a normal letter.
Another example is tsIurku, a Latin transcription of the Chechen term for the capping stone of the characteristic Medieval defensive towers of Chechenia and Ingushetia; the capital letter "I" here showing a phoneme different from the one transcribed as "i".
Inflection prefixes
CamelCase may also be used when writing proper names in languages that add prefixes to words.
In some of those languages, the custom is to leave the prefix in lower case and capitalize the root.
This convention is used in Irish orthography e.g.,  ("in Galway"), from  ("Galway");  ("to Ireland"), from  ("Ireland).
Similarly, when translating the Hebrew language, haIvri means "the Hebrew person" and biYerushalayim means "in Jerusalem".
This convention is also used by several Bantu languages (e.g., kiSwahili = "Swahili language", isiZulu  = "Zulu language") and several indigenous languages of Mexico (e.g. Nahuatl, Totonacan, Mixe–Zoque and some Oto-Manguean languages).
In abbreviations and acronyms
In Chinese pinyin, CamelCase is sometimes used for place names so that it is easier for readers to pick out the different parts of the word.
For example, places like Beijing (北京) and Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛) and Daxing'anling (大兴安岭) can be written as BeiJing, QinHuangDao, and DaXingAnLing, with the number of capital letters being the same as the number of Chinese characters for each word.
Writing word compounds only by the initial letter of each character is also acceptable in some cases, so Beijing can be written as BJ, Qinghuangdao as QHD, and Daxing'anling as DXAL.
Honorifics within compound words
In several languages, including English, pronouns and possessives may be capitalized to show respect.
For example: when referring to the reader of a formal letter or to God.
In some of those languages, the capitalization is retained even when those words occur within compound words or suffixed to a verb.
For example, in Italian one would write  ("offering to You respectful salutations") or  ("adore Him").
In German nouns carry a grammatical gender—which, for roles or job titles, is felt usually as masculine.
Since the feminist movement of the 1980s, some writers and publishers have been using the feminine title suffixes -in (singular) and -innen (plural) to help boost the inclusion of women; but written with a capital 'I', to indicate that males are not excluded.
Example:  ("co-workers, male or female") instead of  ("co-workers", masculine grammatical gender) or  ("female co-workers").
This use is analogous to the use of parentheses in English, for example in the phrase "congress(wo)man."
In German, the names to statutes are shortened using embedded capitals.
An example would be: StGB (Strafgesetzbuch) for criminal code, PatG (Patentgesetz) for Patent Act or the very common GmbH (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) for Company with Limited Liability.
Examples and history of CamelCase, also WordsSmashedTogetherLikeSo
.NET Framework General Reference Capitalization Styles
What's in a nAME(cq)?,
by Bill Walsh, at The Slot
The Science of Word Recognition, by Kevin Larson, Advanced Reading Technology, Microsoft Corporation
OASIS Cover Pages: CamelCase for Naming XML-Related Components
Convert text to CamelCase, Title Case, Uppercase and lowercase
Ibrahim Lodi (d. 21 April 1526) was the last sultan of Delhi.
He was an ethnic Pashtun.
He became sultan in 1517 after Sikandar Lodi died.
Sikandar was his father and Ibrahim was soon challenged by his younger brother, Jalal Kahn.
Ibrahim had military skills.
But unlike his father he lacked tact.
He faced a number of rebellions.
The Mewar ruler Rana Sangram Singh extended his empire right up to western Uttar Pradesh and threatened to attack Agra.
There was rebellion in the East also.
Ibrahim Lodi also displeased the nobility when he replaced old and senior commanders by younger ones who were loyal to him.
He further alienated them by throwing some of the older noblemen in prison.
His Afghan nobility eventually invited Babur to invade India.
In 1526, the Mughal forces of Babur, the king of Kabulistan, defeated Ibrahim's much larger army in the 1st Battle of Panipat.
It is estimated that Babur's forces numbered around 12,000 men.
His army had between 20 to 24 pieces of field artillery.
Ibrahim Lodi had around 30,000-40,000 men along with at least 100 war elephants.
After Ibrahim Lodi was overthrown, the mughals invaded India.
Saint Nicholas Day is the feast day of Saint Nicholas.
It is on December 6 (December 19 in most Orthodox countries).
It is a festival for children in many countries around Europe related to surviving legends of Saint Nicholas.
The American Santa Claus, as well as the British Father Christmas, are based on these legends. "
Santa Claus" is based in part from the Dutch Sinterklaas.
Saint Nicholas in different countries travels with different people.
He may travel with Angels, Krampus, and others.
Julio Velasco (born February 9, 1952 in La Plata, Argentina) is a professional volleyball coach from Argentina.
He guided the Italian national men's team to several successes in the 1990s.
After the 1996 Summer Olympics, where the Italians won silver, he switched to the Italian women's team (1996–1997).
In 2011, Velasco was signed as the head coach of the Iran men's national team.
He became coach of the Argentina men's national team before his contract expired with the Iranian national team on 1 March 2014.
The President of Argentina asked him to take this job.
The change was approved by the Iranian volleyball confederation.
Coach profile
Volleyball coaches
Marina Nikolayevna Oswald Porter (July 17, 1941) is the widow of Lee Harvey Oswald.
According to the Warren Commission he was the sole assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
She was born in Severodvinsk (formerly named Molotovsk), Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia on 17 July 1941.
She met Lee Harvey Oswald at a dance in March 1961 in Russia.
They were married on April 30 1961.
Their daughter, June Lee, was born on February 15, 1962.
Later that year the Oswalds moved from Russia to the United States.
In Dallas, Marina gave birth to a second daughter, Audrey Marina Rachel Oswald.
After the assassination of President Kennedy in 1963, Oswald was arrested.
Two days later Oswald was shot and killed by nightclub owner Jack Ruby while still in police custody.
Porter was under Secret Service protection until she finished giving testimony before the Warren Commission.
She told the commission she believed husband was guilty of shooting President Kennedy on Nov. 22, 1963.
In 1965, she married Kenneth Jess Porter.
In 1989, Porter became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
Aftermath of the shooting
Porter has said that she now believes that Lee Harvey Oswald was completely innocent regarding the assassination of Kennedy.
In 1980 she was convinced by conspiracy buffs that the man in Harvey's grave was a Russian spy and not her husband.
She still lives with her second husband but in private and is afraid to go out in public.
She believes her phones are tapped by the Secret Service.
Porter also believes the Secret Service want to kill her.
She also expressed her belief that Oswald was the "prayer man", a man seen standing on the Depository front steps in films during the assassination.
Testimony of Maria Oswald Porter before Congress
Growing Up As Lee Harvey Oswald's Daughters
Sumbatzade graduated from the Department of Oriental Studies of Azerbaijan State University in 1929.
In 1963 he became director of the Institute of the Peoples of the Near and Middle East of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR.
Sumbatzade's main works are on the socioeconomic history of Azerbaijan in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Balayev was born on November 19, 1956 in Baku, capital of Azerbaijan.
In 1980, he graduated from the Department of History of the Azerbaijan State University and in 1982 he started working at the Archeology and Ethnography Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
In 1983-1985, Balayev was a researcher at the Ethnography Department of Moscow State University.
From 1985 he continued his doctoral studies at the Ethnography Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, graduating with a PhD in History in 1988.
Balayev has additionally published many articles on the history of Azerbaijani independence movement in the 1980s-1990s, Karabakh conflict, in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, Denmark and Russia.
In total, Balayev has written72 books, 16 of which were published abroad, and 6 monographs.
The Azerbaijani National Movement: From Müsavat to the National Front (Baku, 1992)
Azerbaijani Independence Movement in 1917-1918 (Baku, 1998)
Ethnolinguistic processes in the 19th-20th centuries (Baku, 2005)
February Revolution and National Achievements (Moscow, 2008)
March 1918: A Defining Moment For Azerbaijan (Tbilisi, 2009)
Mammad Emin Rasulzade (1884-1955) (Moscow, 2009)
Azerbaijani Turks: National Awareness Processes (Baku, 2010)
History of Azerbaijan.
From Ancient Times to the Beginning of the 20th Century (Baku, 1993)
Azerbaijanis.
Historical ethnographic overview (Baku, 1998)
Azeris (Baku, 2005)
Don Laws (May 30, 1929 – December 2, 2014) was an American figure skater and coach.
Laws competed in single skating and ice dancing.
With his ice dancing partner, Mary Firth, he won the U.S. junior title in 1948.
Laws was born in Washington, D. C..
In men's singles, he won the 1950 U.S. junior title and placed seventh at the 1951 World Championships in Milan, Italy.
He was coached by Osborne Colson.
Joseph Jean Arthur Béliveau, (August 31, 1931 – December 2, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player.
He played parts of 20 seasons with the National Hockey League's (NHL) Montreal Canadiens from 1950 to 1971.
He was nicknamed "Le Gros Bill".
Béliveau ranks among the ten greatest NHL players.
Béliveau first played professionally in the Quebec Major Hockey League (QMHL).
He made his NHL debut with the Canadiens in 1950, but chose to remain in the QMHL full-time until 1953.
By his second season in the NHL, Béliveau was among the top three scorers.
He was the fourth player to score 500 goals and the second to score 1,000 points.
Béliveau won two Hart Memorial Trophies (1956, 1964) and one Art Ross Memorial Trophy (1956), as well as the inaugural Conn Smythe Trophy (1965).
As a player, he won the Stanley Cup 10 times, and as an executive he was part of another seven championship teams, the most Stanley Cup victories by an individual to date.
He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972.
Jean Béliveau, History by the Minute
Luc Oursel, (7 September 1959 – 3 December 2014), was a French businessman.
He was the former chairman of the board of the nuclear company Areva and member of its Executive Committee.
He resigned on October 20, 2014 for health reasons.
Until June 2013, he was the President of the French Nuclear Energy Corporation.
Lynne Janice Kosky (2 September 1958 – 4 December 2014) was a former Australian politician and senior minister in the Parliament of Victoria.
She represented the electoral district of Altona in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Australian Labor Party from 1996 to 2010
Kosky, Lynne Janice , Re-member Parliamentary Profile
Jacques Barrot (February 3, 1937 – December 3, 2014) was a French politician.
He served as European Commissioner for Justice between 2008 and 2010, after having spent four years serving as Commissioner for Transport (2004–2008) and Commissioner for Regional Policy for eight months (2004).
Ian Patrick 'Mac' McLagan ; (12 May 1945 – 3 December 2014) was an English keyboard instrumentalist.
He was best known as a member of the English Rock bands Small Faces and Faces.
He also worked with The Rolling Stones and led his own band from the late 1970s.
Ianmclagan.com official site
macspages.com  official site
Herman Badillo (August 21, 1929 – December 3, 2014) was an American politician.
He was a borough president, United States Representative and candidate for Mayor of New York City.
He was the first Puerto Rican to have been elected to these posts and been a mayoral candidate in the continental United States.
Hispanic Americans in Congress--Badillo
Puerto Rico Herald: Puerto Rico Profile: Herman Badillo
New York City Campaign Finance Board: The 2001 Voter Guides
Badillo for Mayor  Endorsement by the New York Press.
Manhattan Institute Scholar Herman Badillo
Badillo Lashes Latinos
Badillo Is Said to Be Switching to the Republicans
The best candidate won't win this time by George Will
Stalled in America (Why one Hispanic immigrant is being trashed for his blueprint for success)
Bronx borough presidents
Walter Reyno (13 February 1935 – 3 December 2014) was a Uruguayan actor and theater director.
He was known for his roles in 25 Watts, El ojo en la nuca, and in El aura.
Reyno was born in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Ed Wynn (November 9, 1886 – June 19, 1966) was a popular American comedian and actor.
He was known for his role as the Mad Hatter in the 1951 animated movie Alice in Wonderland.
His son, Keenan Wynn, was also an actor.
The Ed Wynn Show at Classic TV Info.
Four Star Revue/All Star Revue at Classic TV Info.
Biography of Ed Wynn  at Ed-Wynn.info
Richard Bernard Eheart (professionally known as Red Skelton) (July 18, 1913 – September 17, 1997) was an American entertainer.
He was best known for his national radio and television acts between 1937 and 1971 and as host of the television program The Red Skelton Show.
The Mechanic is a 1972 American thriller movie directed by Michael Winner.
It stars Charles Bronson, Jan-Michael Vincent, Keenan Wynn, Frank de Kova, Celeste Yarnall and Jill Ireland.
It was released to mostly positive reviews on November 17, 1972.
1972 thriller movies
Movies directed by Michael Winner
Keenan Wynn (July 27, 1916 – October 14, 1986) was an American character actor.
He was known for his role in the 1972 thriller movie The Mechanic.
Frank de Kova (March 17, 1910 – October 15, 1981) was an Italian-American character actor.
de Kova was born in New York City.
He was known for his role as "The Man" in the 1972 thriller movie The Mechanic.
Frank Dekova at findagave
Realpolitik is a system of politics or principles based on practical, rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Realpolitik is the idea that the world is ruthless and you have to act realistically, even if it causes other things to happen that are bad, or decisions have to be made that upset your people.
Ludwig von Rochau was a 19th century writer and politician.
He describes it as follows:
Linda Christian (November 13, 1923 – July 22, 2011) was a Mexican actress.
She appeared in Mexican and Hollywood movies.
She worked mostly in the 1940s and 1950s.
She was the first Bond girl, appearing in the 1954 movie Casino Royale.
Christian was born Blanca Rose Welter in Tampico, Mexico.
She died in Palm Desert, California at age eighty-seven.
Regression toward the mean simply means that, following an extreme random event, the next random event is likely to be less extreme.
Regression toward the mean was first described by Francis Galton.
He found that offspring of tall parents tended to be shorter.
Also, offspring of shorter parents tended to be taller.
Galton stated that processes that did not follow regression towards the mean would quickly go out of control.
In 1886, Galton published a paper  called Regression towards mediocrity in hereditary stature.
In the paper, he observed that extreme characteristics (e.g., height) in parents are not passed on completely to their offspring.
Rather, the characteristics in the offspring regress towards a mediocre point.
Today, this point is called  the mean.
By measuring the heights of hundreds of people, he was able to quantify regression to the mean, and estimate the size of the effect.
Galton wrote that, “the average regression of the offspring is a constant fraction of their respective mid-parental deviations”.
This means that the difference between a child and its parents for some characteristic is proportional to its parents' deviation from typical people in the population.
If its parents are each two inches taller than the averages for men and women, on average, the child will be shorter than its parents by some factor times two inches.
Today, this factor has been calculated to be  one minus the regression coefficient.
For height, Galton estimated this coefficient to be about two thirds: the height of an individual will measure around a midpoint that is two thirds of the parents’ deviation from the population average.
Galton used the term regression to describe an observable fact in the inheritance of multi-factorial quantitative genetic traits: namely that the offspring of parents who lie at the tails of the distribution will tend to lie closer to the centre, the mean, of the distribution.
He quantified this trend, and in doing so invented linear regression analysis.
This is the starting point for much of modern statistical modelling.
Since then, the term "regression" has taken on different meanings, and it may be used by modern statisticians to describe phenomena of sampling bias which have little to do with Galton's original observations in the field of genetics.
Galton's explanation for the regression phenomenon he observed is now known to be incorrect.
He stated: “A child inherits partly from his parents, partly from his ancestors.
Speaking generally, the further his genealogy goes back, the more numerous and varied will his ancestry become, until they cease to differ from any equally numerous sample taken at haphazard from the race at large.”
This is incorrect, since a child receives its genetic makeup exclusively from its parents.
There is no generation-skipping in genetic material: any genetic material from earlier ancestors than the parents must have passed through the parents.
The phenomenon is better understood if we assume that the inherited trait (e.g., height) is controlled by a large number of recessive genes.
Exceptionally tall individuals must be homozygous for increased height mutations on a large proportion of these loci.
But the loci which carry these mutations are not necessarily shared between two tall individuals, and if these individuals mate, their offspring will be on average homozygous for "tall" mutations on fewer loci than either of their parents.
In addition, height is not entirely genetically determined, but also subject to environmental influences during development, which make offspring of exceptional parents even more likely to be closer to the average than their parents.
Regression Toward the Mean
Promised Land is a 2012 drama movie.
It stars Matt Damon, John Krasinski, Frances McDormand, Hal Holbrook and Rosemarie DeWitt.
The screenplay is written by Damon and Krasinski based on a story by Dave Eggers.
The movie is about two corporate salespeople.
They visit a rural town trying to buy drilling rights from local residents.
This movie had a limited release in the United States on December 28, 2012.
It was released nationwide on January 4, 2013.
Comrade is the name given to someone who belongs to the same social group, party or company.
It literally means friend, colleague, but it also means ally.
The term can refer to someone who has the same beliefs or values.
That way, in Communism, people who belong to the Communist Party address each other as comrade.
Giulio Questi (18 March 1924 – 3 December 2014) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter.
He was known for his roles in La morte ha fatto l'uovo and Django Kill! (
If You Live Shoot!).
Questi was born in Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Sjefke Janssen (October 28, 1919 – December 3, 2014) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer.
He was known for his bronze medal in the Elite race of the 1947 UCI Road World Championships.
Janssen was a professional cyclist from 1946 through 1954.
After retiring, he became a cycling team-manager and owned a bicycle shop in Elsloo.
He was born and died in Elsloo.
At the time of his death, Janssen was the oldest living Dutch Tour de France racer.
Independent Road Race Champion
1946 - Bloc Centauro
1947 - Magneet
Dutch National Road Race Championship
World Road Race Championship
32nd, Tour de France
1948 - Magneet, Garin-Wolber
36th, Tour de France
1949 - Magneet
5th, Tour de Luxembourg
1950 - RIH, Terrot, Magneet
1st, Stage 2, Saarland Rundfahrt
3rd, National Road Race Championship
1951 - Ceylon, Prisma
1952 - Express, Venz
1953 - Locomotief
8th, Züri-Metzgete
1954 - Locomotief
Official Tour de France results for Sjefke Janssen
Vaidyanathapura Rama Krishna Iyer (15 November 1914 – 4 December 2014), popularly known as V. R. Krishna Iyer, was an Indian judge in the Supreme Court of India.
He was born at Vaidyanathapuram near Palakkad, in Malabar region of Kerala.
He served in the Supreme Court from 1973 until his death in 2014.
Claudia Emerson (January 13, 1957 – December 4, 2014) was an American poet.
She won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection Late Wife.
She was named the Poet Laureate of Virginia by Governor Tim Kaine in 2008.
Emerson was born in Chatham, Virginia.
Claudia Emerson Papers at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia
Pulitzer Prize website, Emerson profile
Library of Congress reading (mp3 format file) Interview and poems
Kooser, Ted, [http://www.americanlifeinpoetry.org/columns/026.html  American Life in Poetry: Column 26--Claudia Emerson's poem "Stable']  Emerson's poems "Migrane, Aura and Aftermath" and "What They Want" in Visions International'' (issue #67)
Williams, Susan Settlemyre, "Review | Pinion: An Elegy, by Claudia Emerson", Blackbird: An Online Journal of Literature and the Arts, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Volume 1, No.
2 December 16, 2002
Gershon Kingsley (born Götz Gustav Ksinski; October 28, 1922 – December 10, 2019) was a German-American composer.
His music genre included electronic music and the Moog synthesizer.
He was the founder of the First Moog Quartet, as a partner in the electronic music duo Perrey and Kingsley, and writer of rock-inspired compositions for Jewish religious ceremonies.
Because of his Jewish background (his father was Jewish),  he moved to Mandatory Palestine in 1938.
After the war he moved to the United States.
Gershon Kingsley's homepage
Death Wish is a 1974 American crime-action movie directed by Michael Winner.
It is based on the book Death Wish.
It stars Charles Bronson.
It was released on July 24, 1974 to positive reviews.
It is the first movie in the Death Wish movie series.
A remake was released in March 2018.
1974 thriller movies
1970s American action movies
Death Wish II is a 1982 American crime-action movie directed by Michael Winner.
It stars Charles Bronson and Jill Ireland.
It was released on February 20, 1982.
1982 action movies
Death Wish 3 is a 1985 American crime-action movie directed by Michael Winner.
It stars Charles Bronson, Deborah Raffin, Ed Lauter, and Martin Balsam.
It was released to mixed reviews on November 1, 1985.
Death Wish 4: The Crackdown is a 1987 Americans crime-action movie directed by J. Lee Thompson.
It is the first Death Wish movie that wasn't directed by Michael Winner.
It received mixed reviews on November 6, 1987.
Death Wish V: The Face of Death is a 1994 American crime-action movie directed by Allan A. Goldstein.
It was the last movie in the Death Wish movie series.
It was released to mixed reviews on January 14, 1994.
Minnie (1923 – October 31, 1976) and Clara Bagelman (October 17, 1920 – November 22, 2014), also known as by the stage names Merna and Claire Barry, or The Barry Sisters, were popular American jazz entertainers.
They worked from the 1940s to the 1970s.
Minnie and Clara were born in Bronx, New York.
Merna Barry died from a brain tumor, age 54.
Clara died at age 94.
The Barry Sisters – I Love You Much Too Much on youtube.com
Pleurisy (also known as pleuritis) is an inflammation of the pleura, the lining surrounding the lungs.
There are many possible causes of pleurisy but viral infections spreading from the lungs to pleural cavity are the most common.
Pleurisy can cause sharp pain when breathing, also called pleuritic chest pain.
Rita Reys (21 December 1924 – 28 July 2013) was a jazz singer from the Netherlands.
In 1960, she was given the title "Europe's first lady of jazz".
She sang jazz and bossa nova.
Reys was born in Rotterdam.
She died in Breukelen at age eighty-eight.
Rita Reys at All About Jazz
Jazz Miscellaneous and More... - page on Rita Reys
Infinity is the fourth studio album by Journey.
Evolution is the fifth studio album by Journey.
The album was released on April 5, 1979.
Regina Resnik (August 30, 1922 – August 8, 2013) was an American mezzo-soprano opera singer.
She sang on many stages in the United States.
She was known for performing in Il trovatore, La Gioconda, and in Aida.
She was born in The Bronx, New York.
She died at age ninety.
Interview with Regina Resnik by Bruce Duffie, March 16, 1987
Stiff Upper Lip is the fourteenth studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC.
The album was released on February 28, 2000.
It was the group's first studio album of new material in 5 years.
Their Satanic Majesties Request is the eighth American studio album and first Worldwide studio album by The Rolling Stones.
The album was released on December 8, 1967.
Steel served as the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1976 until its merger with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats.
He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1965 to 1997 and as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) from 1999 to 2003.
Mathieu Kérékou, (2 September 1933 – 14 October 2015) was a Beninese politician.
He was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006.
After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years.
He was defeated in the 1991 presidential election, but was returned to the presidency in the 1996 election and controversially re-elected in 2001.
Hull Fair is one of Europe's largest traveling fairs.
In 1993 the fair celebrated its 700th anniversary.
It comes to Hull, England for one week.
The fair opens on the Friday closest to 11 October each year.
During this time the fair is open every day except Sunday.
Unlike small local fairs, Hull Fair attracts rides, attractions and travellers from a wide variety of different regions from around the country.
the fair is opened by the Lord Mayor of Hull on the opening evening, normally at 5 pm.
It first opened from 9 to 23 March 1278.
In 1752 when the calendar changed in Great Britain, 11 days were lost.
Wednesday, 2 September 1752 was followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752.
The people of Hull believed this took away their fair.
Angry mobs shouted “Give us back our eleven days”.
The outraged citizens were given their wish.
Even since then, October 11th, or the Friday closest to it, became the fair's starting date.
Events in the United Kingdom
Escape is the seventh studio album by the American rock band Journey.
The album was released on July 31, 1981.
It was the group's fourth studio album with vocalist Steve Perry.
Stone in Love
Keep On Runnin'
Still They Ride
Mother, Father
Emir Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG (17 September 1932 – 23 October 2016; Arabic خليفة بن حمد آل ثاني) was the Emir of Qatar from 27 February 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa on 27 June 1995.
Jackie Healy-Rae (9 March 1931 – 5 December 2014) was an Irish politician.
He served as an Independent Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kerry South constituency from 1997 to 2011.
Healy-Rae was born in County Kerry, Irish Free State.
He died on 5 December 2014 at Kerry General Hospital in Tralee, County Kerry after a long illness, aged 83.
Manuel De Sica (24 February 1949 – 5 December 2014) was an Italian composer.
In 1993, De Sica won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Score for Carlo Verdone's Al lupo, al lupo.
In 1996 he won the David di Donatello for Best Score for Carlo Lizzani's Celluloide.
In 2005 he was honored with the title of Commendatore of the Italian Republic.
Queen Fabiola of Belgium (born Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón; 11 June 1928 – 5 December 2014) was the widow of King Baudouin.
She was queen consort for 33 years, between her wedding in 1960 and her husband's death in 1993.
When he died, the crown passed to her his younger brother, King Albert II.
Queen Fabiola – Official website of The Belgian Monarchy
Queen Fabiola: The Woman Behind The Hairdo – Website The Royal Universe
Molossia, also known as the self-proclaimed Republic of Molossia, is a micronation, founded by Kevin Baugh and headquartered in his home near Dayton, Nevada.
Baugh has also been the president since 3 September 1999.
Before holding this office Baugh was prime minister of Vuldstein, Edelstein, and Zaria from 1977 to 1999.
He changed Molossia from a monarchy to a republic.
Molossia is made up of Baugh's house (known as the Government House), about  in size, as well as  of surrounding property, enclaved by Nevada.
It formerly claimed a property in Pennsylvania as well.
According to author John Ryan, Molossia is "a hobby that has been pushed to the nth degree."
Originally established as a childhood project in 1977, Molossia subsequently evolved into a territorial entity in the late 1990s.
The name Molossia is derived from the Spanish word morro which means "small rocky hill".
Baugh has stated that the ancient Greek tribe of Molossians is unrelated.
The Republic of Molossia official website
Kevin Baugh, (born 1962) is a Molossian politician and popular micronationalist.
Baugh has been serving as President of the Republic of Molossia since 3 September 1999.
His Presidential term started on the 3 September 1999, which is the official date of foundation of Molossia.
However, his involvement in micronationalism goes way back to the end of the 1970s, when he formed, with James Spielman, the Grand Republic of Vuldstein.
Titles, honours and arms
His Excellency President Grand Admiral Colonel Doctor Kevin Baugh, Stranger Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Gadus, Stranger Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the Baustralian Empire, Lord of the Royal Order of Saint Christopher, Knight of the Order of the Heart, President and Raïs of Molossia, Protector of the Nation and Guardian of the People
President Baugh is almost certainly the single most decorated figure in micronational culture.
Below is a partial list of honors and awards from micronations.
2000present: Sovereign of the Order of the Desert Star (1st and 2nd classes)
2000present: Sovereign Recipient of the Order of the Miner
2000present: Sovereign Recipient of the Order of the Palm
2017present: Member or the Grand Order of the Pink Flamingo
Angador
Before or in 2012present: Lord of the Royal Order of Saint Christopher (defunct)
4 February 2009 present: Knight Commander of the Austenasian Order
8 October 2016present:  Knight of the Order of the White Star (defunct)
1 January 2020 present:  Stranger Knight of the Order of the Gadus
4 December 2019present: Officer of the Order of the Baustralian Empire
20 July 2019present: Knight of Cycoldia
2 January 2019present:  Knight of the Order of the Heart
United Royal Republics of Jockromasa  19 September 2019 - present: Knight of The Order of Holy Eagle
6 January 2016present: Commander of the Order of the Black Cross (defunct)
15 June 2019present:  Knight of the Order of the Amphisbaena Potato
2013present: Member of the Order of King Henry the Lion
Republic of Scoria
2 September 2020present:  Scorian Medal of Friendship
2012present: Knight of the Order of the Dragon (defunct)
2009present: Member of the Great Order of Vikesland (defunct)
2019present: Stranger Knight in the Illustrious Antarctic Order of the Orca
2015present: Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Snowflake
30 May 2011present: Knight Commander of the Order of the Desert Heart
2005present: Knight in the Noble Order of the Sword
2005present: Knight in the Noble Order of Westarctica
Royal Order of Saint Christopher
Molossia
The Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands was a micronation created as a symbolic political protest by a group of gay rights activists based in southeast Queensland, Australia.
Declared in 2004 in response to the Australian government's refusal to recognise same-sex marriages.
It is near the islets on the Great Barrier Reef.
Dick Wilson, born Riccardo Di Guglielmo (30 July 1916 – 19 November 2007), was a British-Canadian character actor.
He was known for playing grocery store manager Mr. (George) Whipple in over 500 Charmin toilet paper television commercials (1965–1989, 1999-2000).
Wilson was raised in Hamilton, Ontario.
He died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, aged 91.
An interview with Dick Wilson
Obituary in the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin
Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes (8 May  1856 – 21 July 1952) was a Mexican politician.
He served as the 38th President of Mexico.
He served as president for less than one hour on February 19, 1913.
It is the shortest presidency in the history of the world.
He had earlier served as Mexico's foreign minister for two terms and was the director of a small law school in Mexico City for sixteen years.
Before becoming president, Lascuráin was mayor of Mexico City.
On 19 February 1913, General Victoriano Huerta overthrew President Madero.
Lascuráin was one of the people who convinced Madero to resign the presidency while he was being held prisoner in the National Palace.
He claimed that his life was in danger if he refused.
Under the Constitution of Mexico, the vice-president, the attorney general, the foreign minister and then the interior minister stood next in line to the presidency.
As well as Madero, Huerta had overthrown Vice-President José María Pino Suárez and Attorney General Adolfo Valles Baca.
Lascuráin, as foreign minister, assumed the presidency.
Lascuráin was president for less than an hour; sources quote figures ranging from 15 to 56 minutes.
To date, Lascuráin's presidency is the shortest in history, even briefer than that of Venezuelan politician Diosdado Cabello in 2002.
La decena trágica  by Alejandro Rosas
La decena trágica
Brief biography at Encarta
A little more biographical information
Alma Cogan (19 May 1932 – 26 October 1966) was an English singer of traditional pop in the 1950s and early 1960s.
She was called "the girl with the giggle in her voice".
One of her hit songs was "Sugartime".
It was released in 1958 alongside The McGuire Sisters' version.
Cogan was born in the East End of London, England.
She died after ovarian cancer at age thirty-four.
Alma Cogan, Sugartime, YouTube
Typhoon Hagupit (called Typhoon Ruby in the Philippines) was a strong tropical cyclone in the western Pacific Ocean.
The storm headed towards the Philippines.
Hagupit became a tropical storm on December 1, 2014.
It became a typhoon the next day.
.NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a product of Microsoft.
It is a programming framework used by Software applications in order to run.
It has two major parts: the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the .Net Framework Class Library.
The CLR is an execution engine used to handle running programs.
The class library provides a library of reusable code that applications can use.
These are designed to greatly simplify the development of larger applications.
.Net Framework supports Object-oriented programming (OOP).
Everything in .Net is contained in an object.
It also greatly simplifies Windows programming.
Often, a program will ask for a particular version of .Net Framework to be installed (see below).
It is usually recommended to install the latest version your operating system (OS) will support.
This is because of backward compatibility; the newer version will also support older versions.
Visual Studio is the major development tool for .net Framework.
Visual Studio 2013 Community Edition is the first full-featured edition for personal development.
It also has compilers for computer programming languages such as C++ and others.
In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE) is a processor feature to enable 32-bit IA-32 central processing units (CPUs) to access physical address space larger than 4 gigabytes by extending the paging schema .
It allows up to 64 gigabytes of system memory to be addressed by a 32-bit processor.
PAE was first introduced with the Intel 32-bit processor Pentium Pro.
Since then it has been a feature on all Intel processors except some Pentium M mobile processors.
Athlon or K7 is the first processor from AMD supported PAE.
Now all AMD processors support PAE.
In addition to processor support, PAE requires the operating system (OS) to support it.
Windows 2000 was the first OS to support PAE.
Desktop Processors
In Computer Platform Virtulisatin, Nested Paging is used to unburden the Hypervisor from heavy work with Guest OS memory translation.
Before, Hypervisor needs to employ a second page table keeping track of guest page table, and force the guest OS use it to access system physical memory.
For doing this, Hypervisor needs to monitor the paging activities of guest OS and intercept it with necessarily inserting, deleting or modifying entries in this second page table.
This consumes processor's time and system physical memory space.
Nested Paging provides a Second Level Address Translation.
With help of it, Hypervisor does not need to maintain that second page table with intercepting activities on guest paging.
It simply maintains the nested page table for translating the guest physical address into the system physical address.
After nested page table created, the paging hardware does the translation job automatically.
Each guest physical access would incur nested paging, for a 48-bit address paging in 4KiB, a guest physical address translation would need 25 accesses of system physical memory.
So larger TLB and page size would decrease the system physical memory accesses.
Jasper County is the ninth studio album by Trisha Yearwood.
The album was released on September 13, 2005.
It was her first studio album in 4 years.
The album was also the return of producer Garth Fundis who produced her Greatest hits album.
It was ninth and final studio album of label MCA Nashville Records.
Land transport or Land transportation is the movement of people, animals, and goods from one location to another on land.
Today this is usually by rail or road transport.
Early civilizations utilized human power to move goods.
The ancient Greeks preferred to travel and move goods by sea.
But they did have a respectable road system to move heavy loads by cart.
The Romans built all-weather roads throughout the Roman Empire.
They were an improvement over Etruscan roads.
They were to allow the rapid movement of troops and military supplies.
It was also important for trade and the transport of goods.
Roman roads were well drained, relatively smooth and straight wherever possible.
The Romans built bridges to cross water and causeways to cross marshes.
They were well built but needed constant maintenance.
By the 16th century roads were used by coaches (public transport) and heavy wagons.
Wagon building became an important business.
Special horses were bred to pull the heavy loads.
For longer distances, teams of horses were changed several times as they became tired.
Inns sprang up in countries like England to take care of travelers.
But the heavy traffic of large wagons and coaches were making roads difficult to maintain.
In the 20th century motor cars and trucks became the main traffic of roads.
A new kind of Controlled-access highway was invented for them.
Rail systems
The early 18th century saw the use of plateways, trams and horse drawn rail cars.
In the 19th century the steam engine in locomotives moved entire trains of rail cars.
Rail transport  across countries and continents became relatively cheap.
Lisa Kristina Ajax, born 13 August 1998 in Järfälla, Sweden, is a Swedish female singer.
She participated at Idol 2014 contest.
She won the entire contest.
On 28 November 2014, she made it to the Idol finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena.
Her recording of the song "Love Run Free" has reached the 48th position at Itunes during its first week at chart.
Calendars are commonly based on the rotation of celestial bodies, such as the sun or the moon.
These calendars periodically add a certain time unit, to make the calendar follow the rotation more closely, which is known as intercalation.
As an example, the solar year is about 365,25 days long.
The Gregorian calendar says that the year has 365 days, but that roughly every four years, an extra day is added.
Another example is the Jewish calendar, which is a lunisolar calendar.
In addition to the 365,25 days of the solar year, there are the 29.5 days in a lunar month.
This gives the problem that the year does not have twelve months, but about 12.4 months.
The calendar solves this problem by adding an extra month in certain cases.
Introduced in Tekken
Armor King I
King I
Kuma I
Introduced in Tekken 2
Devil Kazuya
Lei Wulong/Feng Wei
Roger (Jr.)/Alex
Introduced in Tekken 3
Boskonovitch
Eddy Gordo/Tiger Jackson
Ling Xiaoyu/Miharu Hirano
Panda I
Mokujin/Tetsujin
(True) Ogre
Introduced in Tekken 4
Christie Montiero
Introduced in Tekken 5
Introduced in Tekken 5 (Dark Resurrection)
Emilie "Lili" de Rochefort
Armor King II
Introduced in Tekken 6
NANCY-MI847J
Robert Bob Richards/Slim Bob
Introduced in Tekken Tag Tournament 2
Introduced in Tekken 7
Lily de Rochefort
Lucky Chloe
A Numbers station is a kind of shortwave radio station with unusual broadcasts: very often, these broadcasts consist of numbers that are read by computer-generated voices.
Several of these stations exist, numbers are read in different languages.
Some stations have operated for a period of more than ten years, using the same frequency.
The purpose of the stations is unknown, along with who operates them.
One supposition is that governments use them to communicate with secret agents or spies.
As receiving the messages is relatively simple, the agent only needs a world radio receiver.
Dale Crover (born October 23, 1967) is an American musician.
He is best known as the drummer for the band, Melvins.
Crover has also played the bands Men of Porn, Shrinebuilder, and Nirvana.
He is the current vocalist and guitarist for the band Altamont.
After Mike Dillard left Melvins, the band brought Crover in to drum for them.
He was recruited out of an Iron Maiden cover band.
In late 1985, Crover formed the band Fecal Matter with Kurt Cobain and Greg Hokanson.
Hokanson would later leave the band.
After he left, Cobain and Crover decided to record Illiteracy Will Prevail on a 4-track in December 1985 at Cobain's aunt's home in Seattle, Washington.
The band would break up in 1986.
Crover would end up drumming on Nirvana's ten-song demo that was recorded on January 23, 1988 at Reciprocal Recording Studios in Seattle.
He played a 14-song show with Nirvana in Tacoma, Washington, the night of the demo session.
Three of the cuts from the show "Downer", "Floyd the Barber" and "Raunchola/Moby Dick" would appear on the 2004 box set, With the Lights Out.
Crover would relocate to San Francisco, California along with Melvins' bandmate Buzz Osborne later in 1988.
During Nirvana's west coast tour with Sonic Youth in August 1990, he rejoined the band.