the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
"Dr. Todorcevic has been a brilliantly creative and productive mathematician for almost forty years, and is now clearly a world leader in set theory and its applications to pure mathematics."
Advisory work
One of his Ph.D. students, Ilijas Farah, won the 1997 Sacks Prize for his Ph.D. dissertation.
The Ph.D. was received on June, 1997, at the University of Toronto.
Farah, now a York University professor, was an invited speaker on the ICM, Seoul 2014, Logic session where he presented his work related to the Logic and operator algebras.
Another Todorčević's Ph.D. student, Justin Tatch Moore, won the "Young Scholar's Competition" award in 2006, in Vienna, Austria.
The Competition was a part of the "Horizons of Truth" celebrating the Gödel Centenary 2006.
Moore, now a Cornell University professor, was an invited speaker on the ICM, Hyderabad 2010, Logic session where he presented his work related to the Proper forcing axiom .
Todorčević is the winner of
the first prize of the Balkan Mathematical Society for 1980 and 1982,
the 2012 CRM-Fields-PIMS prize in mathematical sciences,
the Shoenfield prize for 2013, and
the twenty-seventh annual Gödel lecturer (2016) of the Association for Symbolic Logic.
[Gabbay, Kanamori and Woods, 2012] Sets and Extensions in the Twentieth Century by Dov M. Gabbay, Akihiro Kanamori, and John Woods (editors), Elsevier, 2012
CRM-Fileds-PIM Prize Lecture: Stevo Todorcevic on Walks on Ordinals and Their Characteristics by Assaf Rinot
CRM Fields PIMS Prize Lecture: Prof. Stevo Todorcevic (photo album)
CRM-Fields-PIMS Prize Lecture: Stevo Todorcevic (University of Toronto)
CRM–Fields–PIMS Prize 2012 Awarded to Stevo Todorcevic
Papers by Stevo Todorcevic
Stevo Todorcevic at Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu - Paris Rive Gauche
Todorčević najcenjeniji (Todorčević most respected)
Stevo Todorcevic on Set theory axiomatic systems in Dispute over Infinity Divides Mathematicians by Natalie Wolchover, Quanta Magazine,  November 26, 2013
Stevo Todorcevic at the Institute for Advanced Study
Prof. Todorčević Interview (in Serbian)
Basis problems in set theory by Stevo Todorcevic, Leeds, August 3, 2016
Ergisch (Walliser German: Ärgisch) is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Burlington County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Its county seat is Mount Holly.
As of the 2018 Census Bureau estimate, the county's population was 445,384, making it the 11th-largest of the state's 21 counties.
Judea was a small third-class province in the Roman Empire.
It occupied the same area as modern Israel and Palestine.
For centuries Judea had been under the rule of the Seleucid Empire.
As that empire broke down, Rome gradually took control of the eastern parts of the Mediterranean.
By 64 BC, after nearly two centuries of independent rule, those struggling for the Judean crown asked Emperor Pompey the Great to decide.
Pompey stepped in and made Judea a client state.
It briefly became a procuratorship between 41 and 44 AD under King Herod Agrippa.
After his death it was returned to a province again.
It was the scene of several wars called the Jewish–Roman wars.
In 70 AD it was the scene of the Great Jewish Revolt resulting in the institution of the Fiscus Judaicus.
After Bar Kokhba's revolt (132–135), the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina.
The name Jerusalem was changed to Aelia Capitolina.
Mut was an ancient Egyptian goddess.
Mut meant mother in the ancient Egyptian language.
Her name can also be spelled Maut or Mout.
She is associated with the waters from which everything was born.
Some of Mut's many titles included World-Mother, Eye of Ra, Queen of the Goddesses, Lady of Heaven, Mother of the Gods, and She Who Gives Birth, But Was Herself Not Born of Any.
In art, Mut was pictured as a woman with the wings of a vulture.
She holds an ankh and wears the united crown of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Her dress is bright red or blue.
There is a feather of the goddess Ma'at at her feet.
In Egyptain mythology Sopdet was the goddess of the star Sothis.
Sothis is thought to be the star Sirius.
The name Sopdet means sharp in Egyptain.
This is a reference to the brightest star in the night sky.
In art she is shown as a woman with a five-pointed star upon her head.
Monthu is a god of war in Egyptian mythology.
He is usually shown as a falcon-headed man with two long feathers and a sun disk.
Qetesh was a fertility goddess of sacred ecstasy and sexual pleasure.
She was adopted from Canaan in what is now Syria.
There are 3 arrondissements in the Var department.
Arrondissement of Draguignan, (subprefecture: Draguignan), with 58 communes.
Arrondissement of Toulon, (prefecture: Toulon), with 34 communes.
Arrondissement of Brignoles, (subprefecture: Brignoles), with 61 communes.
1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Toulon, Grasse, Hyères, Draguignan, Brignoles, Saint-Maximin, Fréjus, Saint-Paul-lès-Vence and Barjols; the capital was Toulon but it was moved, in 1793, from Toulon to Grasse and, in 1795, from Grasse to Brignoles.
1800 : creation of four arrondissements: Brignoles, Draguignan, Grasse and Toulon.
1860 : the arrondissement of Grasse passed to the new department of Alpes-Maritimes.
1926 : the arrondissement of Brignoles was eliminated.
1974 : Brignoles was made again an arrondissement and the capital was moved from Draguignan to Toulon.
Wosret is an Egyptian goddess with a cult centre at Thebes in Upper Egypt.
She is initially a localised guardian diety whose cult rose widely to prominence during the stable 12th dynasty when three pharaohs were named as her son; for example, Senwosret the man of Wosret.
In late Egyptian Mythology Wepwawet (also rendered Upuaut) was originally a war deity whose cult centre was Asyut in Upper Egypt.
His name means opener of the ways and he is often depicted as a wolf standing at the prow of a solar boat.
Some interpret that Wepwawet is seen as a scout going out to clear routes for the army to proceed forward.
One inscription from the Sinai states that Wepwawet "opens the way" to king Sekhemkhet's victory.
East Africa Time or EAT is a time zone used in Eastern Africa.
It is often named as UTC+3.
There is no daylight saving time since it is so near the equator.
Countries using EAT
Moscow Time, an equivalent time zone covering Belarus and most of European Russia, also at UTC+03:00
Arabia Standard Time, an equivalent time zone covering Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, also at UTC+03:00
Eastern European Summer Time, an equivalent time zone covering European and Middle Eastern countries during daylight savings, also at UTC+03:00
The arrondissement of Draguignan is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
Its capital is the city of Draguignan.
When the Var department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Draguignan was part of that original department.
The arrondissement of Draguignan is the most eastern of the arrondissements of the Var department.
It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Toulon arrondissement and to the west by the Brignoles arrondissement.
The arrondissement of Draguignan is the largest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the second in population (321,569 inhabitants).
There are 9 cantons in the arrondissement of Draguignan and 3 of them do not have all their communes in the arrondissement:
La Crau (8302) (partly)
Flayosc (8304) (partly)
Le Luc (8309) (partly)
The arrondissement of Draguignan has 54 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel (83001)
Ampus (83003)
Les ArcsLes Arcs (83004)
Bagnols-en-Forêt (83008)
Bargème (83010)
Bargemon (83011)
La Bastide (83013)
Le Bourguet (83020)
Brenon (83022)
Callas (83028)
Callian (83029)
Cavalaire-sur-Mer (83036)
Châteaudouble (83038)
Châteauvieux (83040)
Claviers (83041)
Cogolin (83042)
Comps-sur-Artuby (83044)
La Croix-Valmer (83048)
Draguignan (83050)
Fayence (83055)
Figanières (83056)
Flayosc (83058)
Fréjus (83061)
La Garde-Freinet (83063)
Gassin (83065)
Grimaud (83068)
Lorgues (83072)
La Martre (83074)
La Môle (83079)
Mons (83080)
Montauroux (83081)
Montferrat (83082)
La Motte (83085)
Le Muy (83086)
Le Plan-de-la-Tour (83094)
Puget-sur-Argens (83099)
Ramatuelle (83101)
Roquebrune-sur-Argens (83107)
La Roque-Esclapon (83109)
Sainte-Maxime (83115)
Saint-Paul-en-Forêt (83117)
Saint-Raphaël (83118)
Saint-Tropez (83119)
Salernes (83121)
Seillans (83124)
Sillans-la-Cascade (83128)
Tanneron (83133)
Taradeau (83134)
Tourrettes (83138)
Trans-en-Provence (83141)
Trigance (83142)
Vidauban (83148)
Rayol-Canadel-sur-Mer (83152)
Saint-Antonin-du-Var (83154)
Tatenen is the god of primordial mound in the ancient Egyptian religion.
His name mean risen land or exalted earth, as well as referring to the silt of the Nile.
As a primeval chthonic deity, Tatenen is identified with creation.
He is an androgynous protector of nature from the Memphis area the ancient capital of the Aneb-Hetch nome in Lower Egypt.
Heka was the deification of magic in ancient Egypt.
The name is the Egyptian word for "magic" .
According to Egyptain writing Heka existed "before duaity had yet come into being".
The term "Heka" was also used to refer to the practice of magical rituals.
The arrondissement of Brignoles is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
Its capital is the city of Brignoles.
When the Var department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Brignoles was part of that original department.
The arrondissement was eliminated in 1926 but it was made again an arrondissement in 1974.
The arrondissement of Brignoles is in the northwest of the Var department.
It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Draguignan arrondissement, to the south by the Toulon arrondissement and to the west by the Bouches-du-Rhône department.
The arrondissement of Brignoles is the second largest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the one with fewest people living in it (150,974 inhabitants).
In the arrondissement of Brignoles there are 6 cantons but only 2 of them have all their communes in the arrondissement:
Garéoult (8307) (partly)
Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (8312) (partly)
The arrondissement of Brignoles has 67 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Aiguines (83002)
Artignosc-sur-Verdon (83005)
Artigues (83006)
Aups (83007)
Barjols (83012)
Baudinard-sur-Verdon (83014)
Bauduen (83015)
Besse-sur-Issole (83018)
Bras (83021)
Brignoles (83023)
Brue-Auriac (83025)
Cabasse (83026)
Camps-la-Source (83030)
Le Cannet-des-Maures (83031)
Carcès (83032)
Carnoules (83033)
La Celle (83037)
Châteauvert (83039)
Correns (83045)
Cotignac (83046)
Entrecasteaux (83051)
Esparron (83052)
Flassans-sur-Issole (83057)
Forcalqueiret (83059)
Fox-Amphoux (83060)
Garéoult (83064)
Ginasservis (83066)
Gonfaron (83067)
Le Luc (83073)
Les Mayons (83075)
Mazaugues (83076)
Méounes-lès-Montrieux (83077)
Moissac-Bellevue (83078)
Montfort-sur-Argens (83083)
Montmeyan (83084)
Nans-les-Pins (83087)
Néoules (83088)
Ollières (83089)
Pignans (83092)
Plan-d'Aups-Sainte-Baume (83093)
Pontevès (83095)
Pourcieux (83096)
Pourrières (83097)
Puget-Ville (83100)
Régusse (83102)
Rians (83104)
Rocbaron (83106)
La Roquebrussanne (83108)
Rougiers (83110)
Sainte-Anastasie-sur-Issole (83111)
Saint-Julien (83113)
Saint-Martin-de-Pallières (83114)
Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume (83116)
Saint-Zacharie (83120)
Les Salles-sur-Verdon (83122)
Seillons-Source-d'Argens (83125)
Tavernes (83135)
Le Thoronet (83136)
Tourtour (83139)
Tourves (83140)
Le Val (83143)
Varages (83145)
La Verdière (83146)
Vérignon (83147)
Villecroze (83149)
Vinon-sur-Verdon (83150)
Vins-sur-Caramy (83151)
Cree  (also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is an Algonquian language spoken by about 117,000 people across Canada from the Northwest Territories and Alberta to Labrador.
This makes it the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada.
Despite having a large number of speakers within this wide-ranging area, the only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories.
This is along with eight other official aboriginal languages.
The arrondissement of Toulon is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
Its capital is the city of Toulon.
When the Var department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Toulon was part of that original department.
The arrondissement of Toulon is in the southern part of the Var department.
It is bordered to the north by the Brignoles arrondissement, to the east by the Draguignan arrondissement, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Bouches-du-Rhône department.
The arrondissement of Toulon is the smallest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the one with more people living in it (565,669 inhabitants).
There are 14 cantons in the arrondissement of Toulon and 4 of them do not have all their communes in the arrondissement
The arrondissement of Toulon has 32 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Bandol (83009)
Le Beausset (83016)
Belgentier (83017)
Bormes-les-Mimosas (83019)
La Cadière-d'Azur (83027)
Carqueiranne (83034)
Le Castellet (83035)
Collobrières (83043)
La Crau (83047)
Cuers (83049)
Évenos (83053)
La Farlède (83054)
La Garde (83062)
Hyères (83069)
Le Lavandou (83070)
La Londe-les-Maures (83071)
Ollioules (83090)
Pierrefeu-du-Var (83091)
Le Pradet (83098)
Le Revest-les-Eaux (83103)
Riboux (83105)
Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (83112)
Sanary-sur-Mer (83123)
La Seyne-sur-Mer (83126)
Signes (83127)
Six-Fours-les-Plages (83129)
Solliès-Pont (83130)
Solliès-Toucas (83131)
Solliès-Ville (83132)
Toulon (83137)
La Valette-du-Var (83144)
Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer (83153)
The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization that does activism against animal cruelty.
It was founded in 1954.
They do this by organizing campaigns to get laws passed and by investigating companies.
HSUS works with another organization, the Fund for Animals, to operate animal sanctuaries in five states.
However, it does not operate animal shelters itself.
HSUS also trains rescue groups and shelters.
In 1954, there were disagreements in the American Humane Association (AHA), another animal rights organization.
The AHA thought that animals could be used in experiments, but some members disagreed.
Many of the staff were fired, including Larry Andrews, Marcia Glaser, Helen Jones, and Fred Myers.
These people set up HSUS in Washington, DC.
At first, it was called the "National Humane Society".
This organization focused on national policy.
Their first goal was to get laws about humane slaughter passed.
Humane slaughter legislation
In 1958, the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act passed.
This law required slaughterhouses to use humane slaughter methods.
Exposure of cruelty in the dog trade
In 1961, HSUS employee Frank McMahon began an investigation of dog dealers around the United States.
In February 1966, Life magazine published an article about some of the poor conditions he found.
Tens of thousands of Americans read the article and wrote letters to Congress members, asking them to protect animals more.
Later that year, the U.S. Congress approved the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act.
Animal Protection Litigation section
In 2005, HSUS started an Animal Protection Litigation Section.
This is a part of the organization that works with attorneys around the country to participate in legal cases.
This group had won approximately three dozen cases by 2015.
In 2010, the section estimated that it had filed more than 50 legal actions in 25 states, and won 80% of its cases.
Hurricane Katrina animal rescue
In September 2005, thousands of animals were left behind as people evacuated during Hurricane Katrina.
HSUS and other organizations rescued approximately ten thousand animals.
Political and legislative initiatives
The HSUS has a department that focuses on pets.
It also wants to end dog-fighting.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)
HSUS Blog authored by CEO Wayne Pacelle
The blockade runners of the American Civil War were specially outfitted Confederate ships designed to slip through the blockade of Southern by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.
On April 19, 1861, one week after Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the blockade.
In response, the Confederacy used small fast ships known as blockade runners.
During the first two years of the Civil War, the blockade had very limited success.
As many as two out of every three ships entering or leaving Southern ports were successful.
The Union Navy had to patrol nearly 3,500 miles of seashore along the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines.
But as the Union built more ships, the blockade became more effective.
As few as 25% of blockade runners were successful later in the war.
The blockade was part of General Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan to put economic pressure on the Confederacy until it returned to the Union.
It was the most ambitious blockade ever attempted in world history.
In 1861, the Confederate states had little manufacturing compared to the North.
They did not have the capacity to make the weapons and ammunition they needed to wage a war.
What they did have was cotton, which was highly profitable because they used slave labor.
At the time, the South supplied cotton to both England and France for use in their textile mills.
The South needed to export cotton to Europe and import arms and food for its army in return.
A successful blockade could severely damage the Confederate government's ability to continue fighting.
Proclamations
President Lincoln issued two proclamations regarding the blockade.
On April 19, he declared a blockade of the Southern ports from South Carolina to Texas.
On April 27, he issued a second proclamation, extending the blockade to include Virginia and North Carolina.
The proclamation raised an immediate question of whether the action by the seceding states was a rebellion or a war.
Legally, based on the United States Constitution it was an armed insurrection "levying war against the United States" which made them guilty of treason.
But, in dealing with foreign governments, the U.S. always treated the Confederates as rebels and not belligerents at war with the United States.
Lincoln knew very well the importance of semantics.
He treated the act of secession as an act of rebellion against the democratic self-government of a state.
In his view a minority of people had taken over the governments in the South because they did not like the way the 1860 presidential election had turned out.
This act defied a main principle of democracy, which is a freely elected government.
Lincoln stated "It is now for [us] to demonstrate to the world, that those who can fairly carry an election, can also suppress a rebellion."
Union blockade
When Lincoln ordered the blockade, the United States Navy had fewer than 9,000 men.
By the end of 1861 it had increased to 24,000 men.
The blockade was made up of squadrons of ships set up at different points along the Southern coast line.
Each group was responsible to monitor a particular area.
Two early victories aided the blockade.
In April 1862, Union forces captured Fort Pulaski and Savannah, Georgia.
A few weeks later New Orleans was captured.
In August of 1865, Mobile, Alabama, the last Confederate port in the Gulf of Mexico fell to Union forces.
Confederate efforts
At first, blockade running was done by ships of all sizes.
The most successful were the steamboats that were put out of work when the war broke out.
They could hug the coast and haul their cargoes of cotton to Cuba or The Bahamas and bring back items of lesser value.
This collection of mostly small boats worked well at first when the Union Navy could not effectively guard all areas of the coast.
So they did not need to be fast or stealthy and the work was fairly easy.
The captains knew the coast very well which allowed them to avoid the Union warships.
Cotton is gathered in September and shipped during the winter and spring.
When the blockade went into effect in April 1961, most of that year's cotton had already been shipped.
Only about one-seventh remained for the smaller ships to haul.
The 1860 cotton crop had been huge and there was no shortage of cotton either in the Northern states or in England.
So there were no great profits to be made or money available to buy war supplies.
This worked in favor of the Union even though the blockade was not that effective yet.
Still, the blockade runners could make some profit, but not nearly as much as later in the war.
As the war progressed and more Union warships became available for the blockade and the number of available ports became fewer and fewer.
But blockade running became more specialized.
In 1863, 199 blockade runners arrived in Confederate ports.
In 1864 the number grew to 244.
In 1865, by the end of the war another 30 had successfully carried their cargoes to Southern ports.
More and more this depended on a very special type of ship.
They were steamers, built for speed, they had large cargo capacities and had a very low silhouette making them harder to see at a distance.
The work was dangerous but a successful trip could gain enormous profits for the crews.
They became the South's main outlet for trade with Europe.
Without them the Confederacy could not have lasted as long as they did.
Risking war with the United States, England secretly built several blockade runners for the South.
Blockade Runners in the American Civil War
Franklin Township is a township in New Jersey.
In 2010, about 62,300 people lived in Franklin.
Valles Marineris is a canyon system on Mars.
Beatboxing is making percussive noises with the mouth, lips, tongue and voice.
Performers try an imitate the sounds of a drum machine.
It is used a lot in hip-hop music.
Golaghmuli Valley is a high mountainous valley in Upper Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan.
This valley is  east of Chitral and north of Swat.
Golaghmuli Valley is separated from the Chitral and Swat by high mountain passes.
To reach Golaghmuli Valley, a person must take the Gilgit-Chitral road west from Gilgit, and then continue straight by Gupis.
After Gupis, one continues northwest to reach the Yasin Valley and the straight road goes to Golaghmuli Valley.
Golaghmuli Valley has a spectacular natural beauty.
Golaghmuli
Golaghtori
Herkush
Handarap
Teru
Barset
Terich
Ali Abad
The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place near the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England.
On the 25th of September 1066, an English army under King Harold Godwinson fought an invading Norwegian army led by King Harald Hardrada.
The English king's brother Tostig Godwinson, joined Hardrada's forces.
After a bloody and brutal battle, both Hardrada and Tostig along with a large number of the Norwegians were killed.
Godwinson's achieved a complete victory.
This battle marks the end of the Viking Age in England.
Less than three weeks later, Godwinson's English army was defeated by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings.
King Edward the Confessor of England died in January 1066 without leaving an heir.
This caused a struggle over who would be king after him.
A number of claimants from across northwestern Europe each thought they should be the next king.
These included the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada.
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle the Norwegians assembled a fleet of 300 ships to invade England.
The Norwegian army numbered about 11,000 men.
Arriving off the English coast in September, Hardrada was joined by forces recruited in Flanders and Scotland by Tostig Godwinson.
Tostig was angry with his older brother Harold (who had been elected king by the Witan on the death of Edward).
He lost his position as Earl of Northumbria and was exiled in 1065.
Tostig had mounted a series of attacks on the Sussex coast England in the spring of 1066.
The king believed Tostig's raid on the coast was a sign that William, the Duke of Normandy, was about to invade England.
In the late summer of 1066, the Norwegian-led invaders sailed up the Humber River, then the Ouse before advancing on York.
When they landed at Riccall, this was when Godwinson first learned of their invasion.
her On 20 September they defeated a northern English army led by Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and his brother Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, at the Battle of Fulford.
Following this victory they received the surrender of York.
They briefly occupied the city and took hostages and supplies from the city.
Then they returned to their ships at Riccall.
Hardrada offered peace to the Northumbrians in exchange for their support for his bid for the throne.
Then he demanded more hostages from all of Yorkshire.
At this time Godwinson was in Southern England.
He was waiting for an invasion from France by the Duke of Normandy.
Duke William was another contender for the English throne.
Learning of the Norwegian invasion, Godwinson headed north at great speed with his houscarls and as many thegns as he could gather.
He made the journey from London to Yorkshire, a distance of about 190 miles, in only four days.
Godwinson learned that the Northumbrians had been ordered to send the additional hostages and supplies to the Norwegians at Stamford Bridge.
Godwinson hurried on through York to attack them at this place on 25 September.
Until the English army came into view, the invaders did not even know there was an English army anywhere in the vicinity.
No one is certain of the exact location of the battle.
There is no abbey, wikt:marker or cross to mark the place.
However, an area southwest of the town called "battle flats" may be the actual location of the battle.
The Vikings were taken completely by surprise.
They were resting in the heat of the day.
Hardrada was confident enough that he left one-third of the Viking forces, along with much of the army's armor, at their camp at Riccall.
As the English army attacked downhill many of the Vikings were completely unprepared.
The main part of the Viking army was on the other side of the bridge.
A small Viking force held the approach to the bridge but they were quickly swept aside.
According to legend, a single Viking warrior held the narrow bridge against the English for a time.
He killed about 40 English warriors before he was killed.
In the fierce fighting that followed, both Hardrada and Tostig were killed.
Most of the Vikings at the bridge were killed.
Out of the original fleet of 300 ships, there were only enough men left to man 24 ships on the return to Norway.
It has been said that before fighting started, Godwinson offered to return his brother's earldom if he would change sides.
But Tostig flatly refused.
Aftereffects
Stamford Bridge was a major victory for Godwinson.
It showed he was a very capable commander.
It also demonstrated how well trained his Housecarls were.
But Stamford Bridge will always be overshadowed by the Battle of Hastings which took place just under three weeks later.
The battle at Stamford Bridge left Godwinson's army very tired and in need of rest.
He had lost the forces of his two Earls from the earlier battle.
But he received news that Duke William had landed.
He quickly marched his tired army down to London, stopping at Waltham Abbey long enough to pray for another victory.
On October 12 he was in London trying to find more soldiers to add to his army before facing William at Hastings.
On October 14, Godwinson formed his army on the ridge looking down on the battlefield.
This started the Battle of Hastings and the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in England.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066 - End of the Viking Age: YouTube
20th September 1066: Harald Hardrada wins Battle of Fulford: YouTube
Not to be confused with the French politician François Fillon
François Villon was a French poet.
Villon was born in Paris in 1431, he died after 1463.
His real name was likely François de Montcorbier or François des Loges.
Today, he is considered the most important poet of the late  Middle Ages in France.
His parents were poor and died when he was still young; Guillaume de Villon was responsible for his upbringing.
In 1455, he changed his name to Villon.
1460s deaths
David Gentleman (born 11 March 1930) is an English artist.
He studied at the Royal College of Art and was taught by Edward Bawden and John Nash.
He works in watercolour, lithography and wood engraving.
Some of his work is very large, such as the platform-length murals for Charing Cross underground station in London.
Some of his work is very small, including postage stamps and logos.
His themes include landscape and environmental posters, drawings of street life, and protest placards.
He has written and illustrated many books, mostly about countries and cities.
A weather vane is a device with a freely rotating pointer used to indicate the direction of the wind.
Weather vanes served as simple devices for showing the direction of the wind and its speed for centuries.
They were a critical tool for agriculture, travel and shipping.
They serve a largely decorative function today.
They have been replaced by specialized weather instruments.
To work correctly a weather vane should be at the highest point of a building.
It needs to be as far away as possible from other things that might interrupt the wind.
The simplest form is a horizontal arrow or other form freely rotating on a vertical rod.
When the wind blows, the arrow shows the direction and speed.
The earliest known weather was made by the astronomer Andronicus in 48 BC.
It sat on top of the Tower of the Winds in Athens.
It was between  and  long and was the shape of a head and torso of a man with the tail of a fish.
The word 'vane' comes from the Old English fana banner.
This is related to the Old High German fano (cloth); from the Latin pannus (cloth or rag).
Windsock
Apparent wind indicator
List of weather instruments
Old Father Time, a famous weather  vane at Lord's Cricket Ground, London
Weather vanes - making all kinds - BBC - 27th March 2016; YouTube
Tatar Wikipedia is the Tatar language edition of Wikipedia.
There are an estimated 5.2 million speakers of Kazan Tatar.
Many live in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet republics.
Most are concentrated in Tatarstan and in Bashkortostan.
There are also Tatar speakers in the cities of Moscow, St.Petersburg and elsewhere in Russia.
Tatar is the largest of the minority languages spoken in Russia.
The total number of articles written in this wikipedia edition is 69,865.
The number of administrators in this wikipedia is 3.
There are about 54 active users of this wikipedia out of a total number of 21,495 users.
Leukerbad (, Walliser German: Leiggerbad) is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Leukerbad Tourism
Oberems is a municipality of the district  Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
The Var () is a river in southeastern France.
It gave its name to the French department of Var.
It is a unique case in France of a river not flowing in the department named after it (see Var)
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Nice (Pont Napoléon III) in the Alpes-Maritimes department.
The source of the Var is in the small town of Estenc, in the commune of Entraunes, at an altitude of about , to the south of the Col de la Cayolle, a mountain pass  high, in the Alpes-Maritimes department.
From here, the Var flows, in general, to the southeast.
The Var river flows through 1 region (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur),  2 departments and 31 communes.
Alpes-Maritimes: Guillaumes
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: Entrevaux
Alpes-Maritimes: Puget-Théniers, Carros, Saint-Laurent-du-Var
Cians - 25 km
Tinée - 75 km
Vésubie - 48 km
Coulomp - 20 km
Estéron - 66.7 km
Beverly Tyler (July 5, 1927 – November 23, 2005) was a US-American singer and actress in American film and television from the 1940s into the 1960s.
Born Beverly Jean Saul in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a secretary, she was just a teenage girl when she had her singing debut on the local radio.
A short time later she moved with her mother to Hollywood and gave her film debut in the 1943 premiere comedy comedy The Youngest Profession.
Until 1947 she worked in six feature film s and afterwards only 1950 again a film role.
Her last role in a feature film was in the 1958 premiere thriller Hong Kong Confidential.
Between 1956 and 1961 she also co-operated in various television series; Including the episode  When Mr. Twilight Died (original title: Vengeance) of the Western series Bonanza.
Her last appearance in front of the camera was in a Thanksgiving themed episode of the TV series Hazel''.
Filmography (selection)
1946: The Green Years
1950: Rolling Fever
1952: The Cimarron Kid
1952: The Battle of Apache Pass
1957: Voodoo Island
1957: Chicago Confidential
1958: The Toughest Gun in Tombstone
Adinath Temple, Maheshkhali in Bangladesh
Adinatha temple, Khajuraho in India
Adinath Lokeshwar, a temple in Nepal
Sharon Lafaye Jones (May 4, 1956 – November 18, 2016) was an American soul and funk singer.
She was the lead singer of Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, a soul and funk band based in Brooklyn, New York.
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCL GCC (; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat.
He became the Secretary-General of the United Nations in 2017.
Guterres was Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002, as leader of the Socialist Party.
He also served as President of the Socialist International from 1999 to 2005.
He was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from June 2005 to December 2015, and in October 2016 the United Nations General Assembly elected him by acclamation to become the next United Nations secretary-general.
He replaced Ban Ki-moon.
Guterres was born and raised in Lisbon, Portugal.
He studied Physics and Electrical Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico in Lisbon.
He graduated in 1971.
Guterres' political career began in 1974.
He became a member of the Socialist Party.
He served as the Head of Office of the Secretary of State of Industry (1974 and 1975), Deputy for Castelo Branco in the Portuguese National Parliament (1976–1995) and Leader of the parliamentary bench of the Socialist Party, succeeding Jorge Sampaio (1988).
The Socialist Party won the 1995 parliamentary election.
President Mario Soares appointed Guterres as prime minister and his Cabinet took the oath of office on 28 October that year.
Guterres was a popular prime minister in the first years of his office.
Portugal had a strong economic expansion which allowed the Socialists to reduce budget deficits while increasing welfare spending and creating new conditional cash transfer programs.
Guterres was against homosexuality during his term as Prime Minister.
He supported United Nations intervention in East Timor in 1999.
After the 1999 parliamentary election, Guterres was re-appointed for the office and from January to July 2000.
This second term in government was not as successful.
The Hintze Ribeiro Bridge disaster damaged his authority and popularity.
In October 2000, the Parliament approved the decriminalization of drug use (effective from 1 July 2001) and in March 2001, same-sex marriage were legalized.
President of Socialist International
Guterres was elected President of Socialist International in November 1999.
He remained President of the Socialist International until June 2005.
In early 2015, the General Assembly voted to extend Guterres' mandate by 6½ months to 31 December, on recommendation of United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
Guterres left office on 31 December 2015.
During his first year, Guterres made world peace a first priority.
In June 2017, he criticized the Trump administration and said the United States would be replaced from the United Nations if they do not take action on any international issues.
Guterres criticized the intervention of Yemen and said a war from this would be "stupid".
In 2018, he called Syria a "living hell" in response to the Bashar al-Assad regime.
He praised Trump and Kim Jong-un's summit and called it a "crucial milestone" for nuclear disarmament.
In August 2018, Guterres wanted an independent investigation into a Saudi Arabian air strike in Yemen that killed 51 people.
In 1972, Guterres married Luísa Amélia Guimarães e Melo.
They had had two children.
She died at a London hospital from cancer in 1998.
Official website of Antonio Guterres - UN Secretary-General
Official website of António Guterres in Gov.pt
Christos Sartzetakis (; 6 April 1929 – 3 February 2022) was a Greek jurist and former supreme justice of the Court of Cassation.
He was the President of the Third Hellenic Republic from 1985 to 1990.
Sartzetakis died at an Athens hospital on 3 February 2022 from acute respiratory failure, aged 92.
Official website (In Greek)
Michael Thomas "Mike" Flynn (born December 1958) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general.
On January 20, 2017, Flynn became the 25th United States National Security Advisor.
He resigned on February 13, 2017.
He last served as the 18th Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, from July 22, 2012 to August 7, 2014.
The Wall Street Journal reported on January 22, 2017, that Flynn was under investigation by U.S. counterintelligence agents for his communications with Russian officials.
On February 13, 2017, Flynn resigned the position of National Security Advisor.
On November 25, 2020, Flynn was issued a presidential pardon by President Trump.
Since being pardoned, Flynn has expressed his support for suspending the United States constitution and the imposition of martial law under President Donald Trump.
He became chief executive officer of the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump in August 2016.
He was later hired as his chief strategist and Senior Counselor.
President Trump signed an executive order giving Bannon a seat on the United States National Security Council.
He was removed from the National Security Council on April 5, 2017.
Bannon resigned on August 4, 2017, but his resignation became in effect on August 18, 2017 during the aftermath of the Unite the Right rally.
In November 2020, Bannon's Twitter account was permanently suspended after he said that Anthony Fauci and FBI Director Christopher Wray should be beheaded.
Bannon was held in contempt of Congress in October 2021 after ignoring a subpoena by the House of Representatives committee investigating the 2021 United States Capitol attack.
He was indicted by a federal grand jury on November 12, 2021.
He turned himself in to the FBI later that month.
Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy III (born October 4, 1980) is an American lawyer, politician, and a member of the Kennedy family.
He was the U.S. Representative for  from 2013 to 2021.
He is a Democrat whose district stretches from the western suburbs of Boston to the state's South Coast.
He is the son of former U.S. Representative Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy.
He worked as a Peace Corps volunteer and as an assistant district attorney in the Cape and Islands and Middlesex offices before his election to Congress.
On September 21, 2019, Kennedy announced his plans to run against Ed Markey in the 2020 Massachusetts  United States Senate race.
He lost the primary to Markey on September 1, 2020, making him the first Kennedy family member to lose an election in Massachusetts.
Adam Charles Kokesh (born February 1, 1982 in San Francisco, California) is an American political activist.
He is a decorated veteran of the War in Iraq, Kokesh came to disparage war and advocate nonviolent resistance to power.
He is a member of the Libertarian Party.
He has called for a "new American revolution" for the "orderly dissolution of the federal government."
He now lives in Arizona.
Adam Kokesh.com (Kokesh 2020 announcement as of November 2016)
Adam Kokesh on Amazon
The Freedom Line website
Politicians from Santa Fe, New Mexico
In Brazil, Black Awareness Day or Black Consciousness Day () is held every year on November 20.
It is a day "to celebrate a regained awareness by the black community about their great worth and things they have done for the country".
The date is an official public holiday in five Brazilian states.
Black Awareness Day has been celebrated since the 1960s.
It has become bigger in the last few years.
First, it was celebrated on May 13 (the date of abolition of slavery in Brazil).
It was later moved to November 20 to honour Zumbi's death, and is sometimes called Zumbi Day.
Members of the organization "Black Movement" (the largest of its kind in Brazil) organize educational and fun events involving mainly children of African parents.
These events wants to get rid of the fact that many people see Afro-Americans as less important.
Other "hot topics" in the Black community during the Day of Black Awareness are the working together of African-Brazilian workers with Caucasian-Brazilian and other workers, ethnic identity, and black pride.
Similar days celebrating racial groups in Brazil
The "Day of the Caboclo" (Dia do Caboclo) is held on June 24.
It celebrates the contributions and identity of the original caboclos and their children.
This date is an official public holiday in the State of Amazonas.
"Mixed Race Day" (Dia do Mestiço) is held on June 27, three days after the Day of the Caboclo.
It celebrates all mixed-race Brazilians, including the caboclos.
The date is an official public holiday in three Brazilian states.
"Indian Day" (Dia do Índio) is held on April 19.
It recognizes and honours the indigenous peoples of Brazil.
Afro-Colombian Day, Colombia
The Pukhrayan train derailment was an accident that happened on 20 November 2016 in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The Indore-Rajendra Nagar express derailed in the place of Pukhrayan, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
It has resulted in 140 deaths and 200+ injuries.
The Indore-Rajendra Nagar Express is a passenger train between the Indore Junction and Rajendra Nagar Terminal.
On 20 November 2016 at the time 3:00 the train derailed in the place of Pukhrayan, a town in Uttar Pradesh.
After the derailment about 142 passengers travelled in the train were reported dead and 200+ passengers were injured.
It has been reported as one of the deadliest derailments after the 2010 Jnaneshwari Express derailment.
PM Narendra Modi declared ₹200,000 compensation for each death in the accident and ₹50,000 for each seriously injured person.
Indian Railways declared compensation of ₹3.5lakhs to the family of each dead people and ₹50,000 for each seriously injured.
Uttar Pradesh CM Akhilesh Yadav announced ₹5 lakh compensation for dead people's family, ₹50,000 for seriously injured and promised ₹25,000 for minorly injured.
Madhya Pradesh CM Shivraj Singh Chohan announced ₹2lakh to the family of each dead people and ₹50,000 for each seriously injured.
Mount Selinda is a village and mission station in the province of Manicaland in the eastern mountains of Zimbabwe.
Its altitude is 1,100 meters.
Mount Selinda is on the very edge of the Chirinda Forest Botanical Reserve – the southernmost tropical rainforest in Africa.
It is at the southern end of the Eastern Highlands mountain range which separates Zimbabwe from neighboring Mozambique.
The Indian Ocean is about 400 kilometers away.
The Mount Selinda area is home to a variety of indigenous African flora, fungi, birds, butterflies, insects and reptiles.
This is mainly due to being near the Chirinda Forest Botanical Reserve, which is protected by law.
Among the hundreds of indigenous trees found in Mount Selinda are: Red mahogany, Brown mahogany, Natal mahogany, Albizia, White stinkwood, Chirinda stinkwood, Ironwood and colossal specimens of strangling figs.
The largest Red Mahogany tree in southern Africa stands at Mount Selinda.
Other smaller flora include thousands of specimens of the yucca-like Dracaena fragrans, numerous ferns, creepers, vines, epiphytes, montbretia, orchids and flame lilies.
The reptile population includes pythons, cobras, vipers, mambas, adders, chameleons, geckos, skinks and lizards.
The endemic Marshall's pygmy chameleon, Rhampholeon marshalli, is found within the forest and at the forest margin.
Avocadoes, tea, bananas, sweet potatoes, taro, citrus, pineapples, sugarcane, coffee, macadamia nuts are grown in the area.
There are also commercial timbers such as eucalyptus, wattle and pine.
Dairy farming is also a part of the agriculture.
Afrocarpus falcatus is a tree in the family Podocarpaceae.
Common terms include common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, outeniqua yellowwood, African fern pine, and weeping yew.
The tree is native to the montane forests of southern Africa.
It can be found in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland.
The tree is widespread in some areas and not considered threatened.
In South Africa it is a protected tree in South Africa.
This is an evergreen conifer.
It often grows up to about 45 meters tall, but is known to reach 60 m. The trunk can be 2 to 3 m wide, and is gray-brown to reddish.
The leaves are arranged in spirals on the branches.
They are small and narrow, up to 4.5 cm long by about 6 mm wide.
Female trees bear their fruit only every few years.
The main agents of seed dispersal are fruit bats.
They eat the fleshy covering but discard the hard, woody seed.
Many birds feed on the fruits, such as hornbills, Cape parrot, purple-crested turaco, Knysna turaco, Ross's turaco, African olive pigeon, African green pigeon, and eastern bronze-naped pigeon.
Colobus monkeys, bushpigs and rodents also feed on the fruits.
Latin rock is a term to describe a music subgenre.
It has traditional sounds and elements of Latin American and Caribbean folk music merged with with rock music.
However, it is widely used in the English-language media to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish or Portuguese vocals.
The archaetypal latin rock band was led by Carlos Santana.
His band Santana was far and away the most popular latin rock fusion  of the late 1960s to the early 2000s.
Santana has sold more than 90 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling groups of all time.
In 1969, after the release of the debut album by Santana, Latin rock appeared in the US and other parts of the world.
The band's musical style is a fusion of Latin American and Caribbean rhythms, soul, jazz, funk, blues, psychedelia and rhythm and blues based on rock music.
Equally important to their success was the use of English lyrics.
In the United States of fifty years ago, to sing in Spanish was to limit the audience to Puerto Rican, Mexican and Cuban immigrants.
To sing in English was to open up the chance of really wide popularity.
New York City Hall is located at the center of City Hall Park in the Civic Center area of Lower Manhattan.
The building is the oldest city hall in the United States that still houses its original governmental functions.
It has the office of the Mayor of New York City and the chambers of the New York City Council.
While the Mayor's Office is in the building, the staff of thirteen municipal agencies under mayoral control are located in the nearby Manhattan Municipal Building.
It was built from 1810 to 1812.
The New York City Hall is a National Historic Landmark.
Both the outside (1966) and the inside of the building (1976) are designated New York City landmarks.
Gateway drug theory is the idea that once a person uses one illegal drug, they are more likely to use other drugs.
It is also called stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis.
Using the first drug changed their brain
They have similar attitudes about using different drugs
The gateway theory helps shape education and lawmaking about drugs.
Scientific study of the possible causes of the gateway theory is important for health policy.
Kavaratti is a town and is the capital of Lakshadweep in India.
It is also the name for the atoll on which the town stands.
It is well known for its sandy beaches and calm lagoons.
This makes it a popular tourist destination.
The Jnaneshwari Express derailed on 28 May 2010 in West Midnapore district, West Bengal.
It is believed that the track was bombed or sabotaged, damaging it.
At that time The Communist Party of India (Maoist) arranged a four-day bandh in that area.
State police said that the track of length about 46 cm was removed by the Maoist-Naxalites.
At 1:30pm Jnaneshwari Super Deluxe Express train with 13 carriages which was travelling from Howrah to Mumbai derailed.
At least 148 people were killed and over 200 others were injured.