the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In 1914, Bernhard Berliner conducted the first study on what effect sports and exercise had on the mind and psychology.
In his study, he looked at children who exercised and played sports while at a camp.
His study found that children who played sports and exercised were able to concentrate better.
The first sports psychology laboratory was opened in 1920 in Berlin, Germany by Carl Diem.
That same year, a psychological lab was opened by Robert Werner Schulte at the Deutsche Hochschue fur Leibesubungen near Berlin.
This was a college for physical education.
The lab was used to study the natural ability that people had for doing good in sports.
Schulte also included sports psychology in his talks to students who took physical education.
Then in 1921, he published his first book.
This book was named Body and Mind in Sport.
He then continued to go on to write many books about the topic of sport psychology.
One of these books was called Aptitude and Performance Testing in Sport.
The next development, in 1926, was the first psychoanalysis of what motivated people to want to play sports.
This was done by Helene Deutsch.
She found that playing in sports could help people with depression, anxiety and overcoming fears.
There were also major developments to the field of sports psychology that took place in Russia.
In 1925, Russian sports psychologist Petr Antonovic Rudik did research on the development of skills and on reaction times.
A reaction time is how quickly someone responds to something.
In 1926, Alexander Netchayev did research on how perception, memory, imagination, and attention are influenced by sports and physical activities.
North American history
Sports psychology in North America began in the 1890s.
E. W. Scripture began to study the reaction times of runners in his Yale lab.
He also watched how athletes could be helped by experimental psychology.
Experimental psychology uses experiments and science to study the brain and the mind.
He also wrote papers about how sports affected who a person was.
In his papers he argued that prisoners who participated in sports while in jail got a better attitude.
George Wells Fitz was also active in sports psychology at this time.
Fitz created the first known physical education lab in North America.
In 1895, Fitz ran an experiment.
This experiment focused on studying the reaction times of people.
He found one thing in his results: people who had quicker and more accurate reaction times would be better at sports.
Fitz was the first to run experiments on reaction times in North America.
The next major event in sports psychology was an idea known as transfer of training.
Transfer of training happens when you exercise one arm or one side of the body to make it stronger and the other side also becomes stronger without having any exercise.
This area was first studied by Walter Wells Davis in the late 1800s.
Davis ran an experiment that involved having people lift weights with one arm and not the other.
His results proved the theory of transfer of training.
William G. Anderson also studied this concept.
In his experiments he found that people who squeezed an object on one side of the body also got stronger on the opposite side of the body.
The next developments came from Norman Tripplett.
Norman Tripplett worked at the University of Indiana as a psychologist.
He conducted an experiment that focused on competition.
This experiment started to connect sports and psychology.
His experiment also began to combine them into one field.
In 1897, Tripplett started his study.
He focused on how the performance of one person is influenced by other people being around.
In 1898, he wrote about his results in his article, “The Dynamogenic Factors Involved in Pace-making and Competition”.
His beliefs and findings were that cyclists were more likely to cycle faster when in the presence of a pacemaker or a competitor.
People were more likely to cycle faster because the presence of another person caused them to put in more effort and use energy that they were not before.
In 1898, Tripplett tried to confirm his predictions and beliefs he came up with during the cycling study by running an experiment in laboratory.
This experiment consisted of people winding fishing line as fast as they could in order to move a flag around a course.
The results of this experiment confirmed the results and predictions that were found in the cycling study.
In 1903, G.T.W Patrick studied the psychology of American football and why people loved the game so much.
Next in 1912, Howard wanted to discover why people became so emotional while watching sports.
Then in 1915, Karl S. Lashley and John B. Watson started a study that focused on the learning curve of people in sports.
A learning curve is how people learn the skills they need to in order to succeed in sports.
The sport that they focused their study on was archery.
The results of their study lead them to argue that when people were participating in harder tasks, like archery, they were more likely to work harder to complete the task.
Sportswriter Hugh S. Fullerton is involved in the next development in the history of sports psychology.
Fullerton brought New York Yankees player Babe Ruth to a psychology laboratory at Columbia University.
Fullerton brought Ruth there to participate in a study run by Albert Johanson and Joseph Holmes.
He wanted Ruth to participate in the study because he wanted to find a reason for why Ruth hit so many home runs.
He also wanted to prove to other baseball scouts whether or not other players like Ruth existed.
The study that Ruth participated in was used to study sensory-motor performance.
Sensory-motor performance is how things that we perceive with our senses influence our movements.
The study involved measuring the power of Ruth’s swing, his reaction time, his attention, his memory, and his motor skills.
The results of this study offered a reason for why Ruth hit so many home runs.
His skill for hitting home runs could be because on the tests his motor skills and reflexes scored above average.
The next development that came regarded football.
At Stanford University, B.C. Graves, a psychology graduate student, Walter Miles, a professor, and Glenn “Pop” Warner, a college football coach started an experiment.
Their experiment studied reaction time.
They ran their ran experiment so they could find the fastest way to get the offense to move together when the center hiked the ball.
This led to the use of psychology as a way to gain an advantage over your opponent in a competition.
Coleman Griffith
Even though there were many developments to this field prior to this point, the most important did not come until the time of Coleman Griffith.
Griffith was a professor at the University of Illinois.
He is considered to be the father of sports psychology in North America.
Griffith's first contribution was that he started a section in his introductory to psychology class that only athletes could take.
Then in 1921, he gave the first public talk about psychology and athletics.
In 1923, he started a special course focusing on psychology and sports.
It was called Psychology and Athletics.
The textbook that was used for this class was Griffith’s third book, called Psychology of Coaching.
Later in 1924, Griffith began meeting with Knute Rockne, who was a football coach at Notre Dame.
He met with Rockne to explore how coaching was affected by psychology.
The next major contribution that Griffith made was in 1925, when he opened the first sports psychology lab in North America.
This lab was only able to stay open for six years.
After the closure of the laboratory, Griffith was contacted in 1937 by Philip Wrigley.
Wrigley was the owner of the Major League Baseball team the Chicago Cubs.
He contacted Griffith to offer him a job.
Griffith accepted the job.
He called the project Experimental Laboratories of the Chicago National League Ball Club.
While with the Cubs, Griffith studied how psychological factors influenced performance.
Based on the results of his research Griffith made recommendations to Wrigley.
These recommendations included psychological clinics for the players, holding fielding practice, and having achievement tests to measure the athletes’ basic skills.
However, Wrigley did not follow these recommendations but was still impressed by Griffith’s work.
Wrigley offered Griffith a full-time position as a sports psychologist in 1939.
Griffith refused the job to stay with his family.
After this Griffith did not conduct anymore major research in the area of sports psychology.
Griffith was an important part of sport psychology's history.
He was an important part because not only was he the first sports psychologist but he also opened the first laboratory in America that studied the relationship between sports and psychology.
Sports Psychology after Griffith: The 20th century
In the 1920s and 1930s, psychology was beginning to be taught at coaching schools.
Some coaches used what they were learning about sports psychology while coaching their teams.
Paul Brown was head coach of the Cincinnati Bengals.
He began using psychological testing with his players.
His tests eventually became known as the beginning of the National Football League’s tests that are still used today.
During the 1940s, psychology was starting to be used as a way for athletes to improve their performance.
Psychology professor Dorothy Hazeltine Yates helped a boxer try to improve his skills through psychology; the boxer then went on to have the best fights of his career.
Also during the 1940s, hypnosis was starting to be used to help athletes to relax.
During the 1950s, David F. Tracy began using psychological methods to help players on the St. Louis Browns, a major league baseball team, now known as the Baltimore Orioles.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, sports were becoming more important to people.
So, psychology of sports was more accepted because it helped athletes.
Four things were important to expand the field of sports psychology.
These were textbooks, graduate programs, associations, and journals.
One of the main areas that was being studied during this time period was the affect stress had on athletes and their performance.
In 1960, Warren R. Johnson continued the research he started in 1949.
This research was about the effect stress had on an athlete.
He continued this research by creating the first textbook on the topic.
In 1961, Maxwell Howell started the first graduate school program in physical education.
He did this at the University of Alberta in Canada.
The creation of associations and journals was the next development of this time period.
In 1967, the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity or (NASPSPA)was created.
It was created by a group of sport psychologists led by Warren Johnson.
One of the first things that this organization did was to start publishing the "Sport Psychology Bulletin".
The "Sport Psychology Bulletin" included research reports and the writings of the members of the NASPSPA.
Then in 1970, the "International Journal of Sport Psychology" was started.
During the 1970s and 1980s, there were many associations and journals that were started.
These were the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, the American Psychological Association's Division 47 of Exercise and Sport Psychology, the Sport Psychology Academy of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, the "Journal of Sports Psychology", the "Journal of Sport Science", the "Sport Psychologist", and the "Journal of Applied Sport Psychology".
The next major developments involved the United States Olympic Committee.
In 1978, they started a Sports Medicine Council that included sports psychologists.
In 1985, they created the first registry or list of sports psychologists.
Modern sports psychology
Now there are two types of sports psychology, academic and applied.
Academic sports psychology does the research.
Applied sports psychology uses that research to teach coaches and trainers.
There are three main areas of need in applied sports psychology.
They are what kinds of certification, education, or licenses are necessary to practice applied sports psychology, the need to provide proper training for people who are studying applied sports psychology, and developing new ways to help athletes.
Today the number of sports psychologists that are being used by athletes is increasing.
In fact, so many athletes are being helped by sports psychologists, that some organizations are starting to limit how many coaches can be on the field during a game.
Many athletes are now using sports psychology as part of their everyday lives and training for games.
Alexa Ellesse PenaVega (born August 27, 1988) is an American singer, musician and actress.
She starred in lots of movies and TV series, among which are Ghost Whisperer, Evening Shade, Twister, The Glimmer Man, Nine Months and the Spy Kids movie series.
Vega was born in Miami.
She voices Carlota in The Casagrandes.
The NXT Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling championship in the WWE.
The title was introduced by special guest Shawn Michaels on the January 23, 2013 edition of NXT.
He announced that there would be a tournament held to crown the inaugural champions.
A team called the British Ambition (whose members were Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey) beat a team called The Wyatt Family (Luke Harper and Erick Rowan) to become the first champions on January 31, 2013 (but it could not be watched on TV until February 13).
In their first match for the title, Neville and Bo Dallas fought the Wyatt Family because Grey was hurt badly and could not fight.
Neville and Dallas lost.
Neville and Corey Graves beat the Wyatt family for the titles on June 20 (televised on July 17) and Neville became the first wrestler to win the title twice.
At NXT TakeOver: The End in June 2016, the Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) became the first team to win the title twice by beating American Alpha (Chad Gable and Jason Jordan).
Right now, the champions are War Raiders whose members are Hanson and Rowe and they are in their first reign.
They won the titles by beating The Undisputed Era whose members are Kyle O'Reilly and Roderick Strong.
Alfred John Plastino (December 15, 1921 – November 25, 2013) was an American comic book artist.
He was best known as one of the most important Superman artists of the 1950s, along with his DC Comics colleague Wayne Boring.
Plastino also worked as a comics writer, editor, letterer and colorist.
Plastino lived for many years in Shirley, New York, on Long Island.
At the time of his death on November 25, 2013, after suffering from prostate cancer, aged 91.
Cadigan, Glen.
The Legion Companion (TwoMorrows Publishing, 2003)
William Atherton (born William Atherton Knight; July 30, 1947) is an American movie, stage and television actor.
He is known for his roles as Richard "Dick" Thornburg in Die Hard and in Die Hard 2 and as Walter Peck in Ghostbusters.
Atherton was born on July 30, 1947 in Orange, Connecticut.
He studied acting at the Drama School at Carnegie Tech and graduated from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1969.
A troubadour was someone who composed and performed Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages.
Troubadour songs were mainly about chivalry and courtly love.
Many were humorous or vulgar satires.
A Troubadour was considered a profession with great honor.
Pope Dionysius (???
− 26 December 268) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 22 July 259 until he died on 26 December 268.
268 deaths
A food group is a collection of foods that have nutritional properties or biological classifications that are almost the same.
People have written nutrition guides to put different foods into food groups and recommend daily servings of each group for a healthy diet.
Common food groups
Dairy, also called milk products and sometimes grouped together with milk alternatives or meat.
This is usually a smaller category in nutrition guides.
Some examples of dairy products ae milk, butter, yogurt and cheese, and most nutrition guides put them in a different place from other food groups.
Some groups, such as the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) have said that dairy products should not be a food group.
The HSPH says that "research has shown little benefit, and considerable potential for harm, of such high dairy intakes.
Moderate consumption of milk or other dairy products—one to two servings a day—is fine, and likely has some benefits for children.
But it’s not essential for adults, for a host of reasons."
Fruits, sometimes grouped together with vegetables, include apples, oranges, bananas, berries and lemons.
Fruits are carbohydrates, like sugar, dairy, grains, and starches.
Grains, also called cereals and sometimes include potatoes and other starches, is many times the largest group in nutrition guides.
Wheat, rice, oats, barley, bread and pasta are grains.
Meat, sometimes called protein.
This group can sometimes include legumes, eggs, meat analogues and/or dairy.
In most nutrition guides, this group is usually a medium- to smaller-sized category.
Some examples of meat are chicken, fish, turkey, pork and beef.
Sweets, also called sugary foods and sometimes this group includes fats and oils.
Sweets is many times a very small group in nutrition guides, and sometimes this group is not included or is put apart from other food groups.
Some examples are candy, soft drinks, cake, pie and ice cream.
Vegetables, sometimes grouped with fruit and occasionally with legumes.
This is usually a large group.
Most times, only grains, are a larger group than vegetables in nutrition guides.
Some vegetables are spinach, carrots, onions, peppers, and broccoli.
Water is treated in very different ways by different nutrition guides.
Some nutrition guides do not include water, while others include it, and yet others make it the most important part or basic part of the guide.
Water is sometimes grouped with tea, fruit juice, vegetable juice and even soup, and is recommended to be drunk in large amounts.
Uncommon food groups
The number of "common" food groups can change depending on who is defining them.
Canada's Food Guide, which has been printed every year since 1942 and is the second most requested government document (after the income tax form) in Canada, recognizes only four official food groups, with all other foods called "another."
Some of these "others" include:
Alcohol is put away from other food groups and recommended only for certain people in moderation by Harvard's Healthy Eating Pyramid and the University of Michigan's Healing Foods Pyramid, while Italy's food pyramid includes a half-serving of wine and beer.
Anne Morrow Lindbergh (née Anne Spencer Morrow; June 22, 1906February 7, 2001) was an American writer and aviator.
She was married to Charles Lindbergh.
She wrote poetry and non-fiction.
She wrote about many different things.
Lindbergh's Gift from the Sea was an important feminist book.
Anne Spencer Morrow was born on June 22, 1906 in Englewood, New Jersey.
Her father was Dwight W. Morrow, a partner in J.P. Morgan & Co.. He became United States Ambassador to Mexico and United States Senator from New Jersey.
Her mother, Elizabeth Reeve Cutter Morrow, was a poet, teacher, and acting president of Smith College.
Lindbergh attended Smith College.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1928.
She received the Elizabeth Montagu Prize for her essay on women of the 18th century and Madame d'Houdetot.
She received the Mary Augusta Jordan Literary Prize for her piece of fiction called "Lida Was Beautiful".
Anne and Charles Lindbergh met on December 21, 1927, in Mexico City.
Her father was Lindbergh's financial adviser at J. P. Morgan and Co.. He invited Lindbergh to Mexico in order to help create good relations between that country and the United States.
Anne later wrote in her diary:
Anne Morrow and Charles Lindbergh married on May 27, 1929.
The ceremony was a private one at her parents' home in Englewood, New Jersey.
That year, Anne flew a plane by herself for the first time.
In 1930, she became the first American woman to earn a first-class glider pilot license.
In the 1930s, Anne and Charles explored and charted air routes between continents.
The Lindberghs were the first to fly from Africa to South America.
They explored polar air routes from North America to Asia and Europe.
The Lindbergh's first child, Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., was born on June 22, 1930.
On March 1, 1932, he was kidnapped from their home in East Amwell, New Jersey.
The following May 12, a baby's body was found  from the Lindberghs' home.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann was tried, convicted, and executed for the murder of the Lindberghs' son.
Because of the kidnapping of their son and other things, a lot of attention was paid to the Lindberghs.
That made them decide to move.
First they went to England.
Later they went France.
While in Europe, the Lindberghs started to believe that the United States should not be involved with other countries.
Many people disliked them because of that.
Lindbergh thought the United States should not be involved in war in Europe.
In 1940, Anne wrote a booklet called The Wave of the Future in support of her husband.
The booklet became one of the most hated writings of the time.
Anne also wrote about Hitler, saying that he was "a very great man, like an inspired religious leader—and as such rather fanatical—but not scheming, not selfish, not greedy for power."
In 1938, the Lindberghs moved back to the United States.
They later had five more children: sons Jon, Land and Scott, and daughters Anne and Reeve.
After the war, Anne and Charles wrote books that made people think better of them again.
Anne's 1955 book Gift from the Sea earned Anne's place as "one of the leading advocates of the nascent environmental movement".
It became a national best seller.
During their 45-year marriage, Charles and Anne lived in New Jersey, New York, England, France, Maine, Michigan, Connecticut, Switzerland, and Hawaii.
In the early 1950s, Anne had a three-year affair with her doctor.
Charles died on Maui in 1974.
In the early 1990s, Anne had a series of strokes which left her confused and disabled.
After that, she continued to live in her home in Connecticut with round-the-clock caregivers.
In 1999, she came down with pneumonia, after which she went to live in a small home built on her daughter Reeve's Vermont farm.
In 2001, at the age of 94, Anne died there from another stroke.
Reeve Lindbergh's book, No More Words, tells the story of her mother's last years.
In 1933, Lindbergh received the U.S. Flag Association Cross of Honor for surveying transatlantic air routes.
The following year, she received the Hubbard Medal from the National Geographic Society for  of exploratory flying with her husband.
In 1993, Women in Aerospace gave her an Aerospace Explorer Award for her achievements and contributions in aerospace.
Lindbergh's first book, North to the Orient (1935) won a National Book Award for the Most Distinguished General Nonfiction of 1935.
Her second book, Listen!
The Wind (1938), won the same award.
She received the Christopher Award for War Within and Without, the last book of her published diaries.
Lindbergh received honorary degrees from her alma mater Smith College.
She also received honorary degrees from Amherst College, the University of Rochester, Middlebury College, and Gustavus Adolphus College.
Books by Anne Morrow Lindbergh
North to the Orient.
Orlando, Florida: Mariner Books, 1996, First edition 1935. .
The Wind.
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1990, First edition 1938.
The Wave of the Future: A Confession of Faith.
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940.
The Steep Ascent.
New York: Dell, 1956, First edition, 1944.
Gift from the Sea New York: Pantheon, 1991, First edition 1955. .
The Unicorn and other Poems 1935–1955.
New York: Pantheon, 1993, First edition 1956. .
Dearly Beloved Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2003, First edition 1962. .
Earth Shine.
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1969.
Bring Me a Unicorn: Diaries and Letters of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1922–1928.
Orlando, Florida: Mariner Books, 1973, First edition 1971. .
Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead: Diaries And Letters Of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1929–1932.
Orlando, Florida: Mariner Books, 1993, First edition 1973. .
Locked Rooms and Open Doors: Diaries And Letters Of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1933–1935.
Orlando, Florida: Mariner Books, 1993, First edition 1974. .
The Flower and the Nettle: Diaries And Letters Of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1936–1939.
Orlando, Florida: Mariner Books, 1994, First edition 1976. .
War Without and Within: Diaries And Letters Of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1939–1944.
Orlando, Florida: Mariner Books, 1995, First edition 1980. .
Berg, A. Scott.
Lindbergh.
New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1998. .
Hertog, Susan Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life.
New York: Anchor, 2000. .
Jennings, Peter and Todd Brewster.
The Century.
New York: Doubleday, 1998. .
No More Words: A Journal of My Mother, Anne Morrow Lindbergh.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002. .
Milton, Joyce.
Loss of Eden: A Biography of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh.
New York: Harper Collins, 1993. .
Mersky, Peter B. U.S. Marine Corps Aviation – 1912 to the Present.
Annapolis, Maryland: Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1983. .
Mosley, Leonard.
Lindbergh: A Biography.
New York: Doubleday and Company, 1976. .
Winters, Kathleen.
Anne Morrow Lindbergh: First Lady of the Air.
Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. .
The Taipei Grand Mosque () is a mosque in Taipei, Taiwan.
It is the first and largest mosque in Taiwan.
The original building of the mosque was built in 1947.
After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China (ROC) in 1945, the Chinese Muslim Association (CMA) in ROC capital, Nanking, established the preparatory committee to create the Taiwan branch of the CMA in 1947.
Since there was no place for Chinese Muslim to pray in Taiwan at that time, they raised money to build the very first mosque in Taiwan which was located at Lishui Street in Taipei City.
After they have finished constructing the mosque, Muslims started to pray there in August 1948.
After the Chinese Civil War in 1949, there were many Chinese Muslims fled Mainland China to Taiwan with the Nationalist (Kuomintang) government army.
The first mosque was not enough to accommodate all of them, therefore they had to find a new place to rebuild the mosque.
The new mosque was proposed by CMA Director-General Bai Chongxi and ROC Minister of Foreign Affairs George Yeh.
The mosque was finally built at the Xinsheng South Street in Taipei.
The mosque was inaugurated on 13 April 1960 by ROC Vice President Chen Cheng.
The mosque was designed by Taiwanese famous architect Yang Cho-cheng, the same architect who had designed the Taipei Grand Hotel, Chang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, National Theater and Concert Hall and many other buildings in Taiwan.
The mosque was registered as a historic landmark by the Taipei City Government on 29 June 1999.
The mosque houses the Chinese Muslim Association, the largest Islamic organization in Taiwan.
It houses also the headquarter for the Chinese Islamic Cultural and Educational Foundation.
Mosques in Taiwan
The Kaohsiung Mosque () is a mosque in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
It is the second mosque to be built in Taiwan.
The original building of the mosque was built in 1949 by the Nationalist Muslims whom mostly came with the Nationalist Army who fled from Mainland China after their defeat in the Chinese Civil War by the Communist Army.
This wave of migration is considered to be the second wave of Muslim migration to Taiwan in the 1950s.
The construction of the mosque was initially suggested by the Muslim public officers working for the Nationalist government.
The first mosque building was built at Wufu 4th Road in Kaohsiung City.
After two years, they moved the mosque to a new bigger place at Linsen 1st Road in 1951 to accommodate larger crowds.
In 1990, they moved the mosque again to its current location at the Jianjun Road.
The mosque was opened on April 1992.
The Taipei Cultural Mosque () is a mosque in Taipei, Taiwan.
It is the third mosque in Taiwan.
The mosque was originally built in 1950 at Roosevelt Road in Taipei.
Because of the expansion of roads a few year later, the mosque was moved to Xinhai Road.
It was reopened in 1983.
The mosque was inaugurated by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to the ROC, Assad Abdul Aziz Al-Zuhair.
The mosque was renovated on April 2010 with help from the Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei.
The mosque is a building with five floors.
It has Islamic traditional culture and modern architecture.
The mosque serves as the headquarters of the Chinese Muslim Youth League.
It also houses the office of the Taiwan Halal Integrity Development Association, a group that issues Halal certification to food products produced in Taiwan for Muslims to eat.
The mosque also has dormitories for Muslim travelers and foreign missionaries to stay.
It is not like Taipei Grand Mosque, which is heavily supported by the ROC government and Kuomintang.
Taipei Cultural Mosque depends heavily on private donations.
This makes it a purely civilian mosque concentrating on religious affairs.
The Taichung Mosque () is a mosque in Taichung, Taiwan.
It is the fourth mosque in Taiwan.
The original building of the mosque was built in 1951.
After fleeing Mainland China at the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949, some of the Nationalist Muslim army resided in Changhua.
Most of them did their prayers in some residential houses.
To accommodate the growing number of Muslims in Taiwan, a mosque was planned to be built in 1951.
The first location of the mosque was at Zhongxiao Road in Taichung City.
When the number of Muslims grew, the new Taichung Mosque was constructed and reopened in 1990 at Dadun South Road.
Taichung Mosque is a building with three floors.
It has shop, restaurant, dormitories and classroom.
The Longgang Mosque or Lungkang Mosque () is a mosque in Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
It is the fifth mosque in Taiwan.
The original building of the mosque was built in 1967.
Fritz Victor Hasselblad (8 March 1906 in Gothenburg – 5 August 1978 in Gothenburg) was a Swedish camera designer and photographer.
He was the founder and CEO of Victor Hasselblad AB, and the creator of the Hasselblad camera 1948.
The U.S. space agency NASA chose the Hasselblad camera to be its official "place camera" and it was later used by astronauts on the moon.
"Feeling Good" (or "Feelin' Good") is a jazz ballad.
It was first performed, written and released in 1964.
It was first done by Nina Simone.
The ballad was then performed again and covered by Michael Bublé and Muse, along with others throughout the years.
The song has been also sampled in other recording artists' music.
1964 songs
"God Bless the Child" is a popular jazz ballad.
It was first written in 1939 though not released until 1942.
Billie Holiday sang the first version.
Lisa Simpson (voiced by Yeardley Smith), made this ballad more popular in 1990-1991.
The Simpsons Sing the Blues is an album of songs sung by the characters from The Simpsons.
The songs are not on the television series, except for "Moaning Lisa Blues".
The album was released in early December 1990.
It included many songs, including "Do the Bartman" and "Deep Deep Trouble".
The most notable, however, was Lisa Simpson's version of "God Bless the Child" (originally by Billie Holiday).
That song was a major hit during early 1991.
George Joshua Richard Monbiot (born 27 January 1963) is an English writer and activist.
He writes for The Guardian every week about environment issues.
Seven of his books have been published.
In 1995, Nelson Mandela gave him a United Nations Global 500 Award.
In January 2010 he started a website called ArrestBlair.org.
The website offers money to people who are trying to have Tony Blair arrested for crimes against peace.
Monbiot was born in Kensington, London.
Both his parents worked in politics.
He grew up in a house in Henley-on-Thames.
He went to Stowe School.
He then won a scholarship to study at Brasenose College, Oxford.
He did a Master's degree in zoology there.
After he got his degree, Monbiot made radio programmes about natural history for the BBC Natural History Unit.
Then he left and joined the BBC's World Service.
He left to write his first book, Poisoned Arrows.
Monbiot was in the 2009 movie The Age of Stupid.
In 2013, Monbiot's book Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding was published.
In July 2013, he gave a TED talk about Feral.
Natasha Khan (born 25 October 1979) is a British singer-songwriter better known as Bat For Lashes.
She is the daughter of Pakistani squash player Rehmat Khan.
Her first album, Fur and Gold, was released by The Echo Label on 11 September 2006 in the United Kingdom.
It was nominated for the 2007 Mercury Prize.
In 2008 Khan performed at some of the shows in Radiohead's tour.
She did a cover of The Cure's song "A Forest".
It was put on Perfect as Cats: A Tribute to the Cure.
On 3 April 2009 her second album Two Suns was released.
It went straight to No.5 in the UK Albums Chart.
Like Fur and Gold it was nominated for the Mercury Prize but didn't win.
The first single from the album, "Daniel", is her best-selling single so far.
It has sold over 46,000 copies around the world.
It won Best Contemporary Song at the 2010 Ivor Novello Awards.
Khan sang a song with Beck called "Let's Get Lost" for the soundtrack to the 2010 movie The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
Bat For Lashes' third album, The Haunted Man, was released on 11 October 2012.
Pitchfork gave it 8.4 out of 10.
In 2013 Khan wrote and sung a song with Jon Hopkins called "Garden's Heart".
It is on the soundtrack to the film How I Live Now.
Khan directed the music video.
Orekunrin was raised by foster parents in Lowestoft.
She started studying Medicine at the University of York in England when she was fifteen.
Orekunrin became a doctor when she was twenty one.
This made her one of the United Kingdom's youngest doctors.
She started a charity called Flying Doctors Nigeria Lt in Lagos in 2007.
It is West Africa's first air ambulance service.
In 2008 she was given the MEXT Japanese Government Scholarship.
In 2012 she gave a talk at TEDxSendai and TEDxVictoriaIsland.
She was on the cover of Ladybrille magazine.
In 2013 the World Economic Forum put her on their list of Young Global Leaders.
Julianna Barwick is an American singer.
She was born in Louisiana.
In 2006 Barwick released Sanguine.
Her first album The Magic Place was released by Asthmatic Kitty Records on February 21, 2011.
Pitchfork gave it 8.5 out of 10.
On June 14 2011, FRKWYS Vol.
6 was released.
It is an album that Barwick made with Ikue Mori.
On August 20, 2013, Nepenthe was released by Dead Oceans Records.
Amiina play string instruments in it.
There is also a choir of teenage girls in it.
Pitchfork said that it 'sounds like nobody else'.
They gave it 8.5 out of 10.
Barwick is currently doing a tour for the album.
Dolmabahçe Palace is a palace in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey.
It was the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1922.
Construction of the palace started in 1843.
Dolmabahce Palace history, photos, opening hours and opinions
Dolmabahçe Palace  official site
National Palaces in Turkey  official site
Mirza Muhammad Siraj ud-Daulah, more commonly known as Siraj ud-Daulah (1733 – July 2, 1757), was the last independent Nawab of Bengal.
The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company's rule over Bengal and later almost all of South Asia.
•Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah was the last independent Nawab of Bengal.
•Siraj succeeded his maternal grandfather, Alivardi Khan as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 at the age of 23.
Betrayed by Mir Jafar, the commander of Nawab's army, Siraj lost the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757.
The forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive invaded and the administration of Bengal fell into the hands of the company.
•The end of his reign marked the start of the rule of the East India Company over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent.
Reign as Nawab
Siraj ud-Daulah received the title of Mansur-ul-Mulk, Seraj-ud-Daulla, Ghaseti Begum"(Victory of the Country, Light of the State, Horror in War).
He was to succeed as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 AD at the age of twenty seven.
Siraj ud-Daulah's nomination to the nawabship caused jealousy and enmity of Mehar-un-nisa Begum or Ghaseti Begum(eldest sister of Siraj's Mother Amina Begum), Raja Rajballabh, Mir Jafar Ali Khan and Shaukat Jang(Siraj's Cousin).
Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was the source of her influence and strength.
On Perceiving serious opposition from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized her wealth from Moti Jheel Palace and placed her in confinement.
The nawab'' also made certain changes in high government positions giving them to his own favorites.
Exeter College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
The full name of the college is "The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College at the University of Oxford".
It was founded in 1314, making it the fourth oldest college at Oxford.
The college was founded by the Bishop of Exeter, Walter de Stapledon.
Exeter first allowed women to enroll in 1979.
In 1993, it became the first Oxford college to elect a female Rector, Marilyn Butler.
1314 establishments
1310s establishments in Europe
Green Templeton College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
It was founded in 2008, when Green College and Templeton College merged.
It is the newest college at Oxford.
The former Templeton College was originally formed in 1965 as the Oxford Center for Management Studies.
It was renamed Templeton College in 1983 after John Templeton donated a large endowment.
In 1995, Templeton College was granted a charter as a graduate college of the University.
Green Templeton College is a graduate college only.
It does not have any undergraduate students.
The college is located at the former Green College campus in North Oxford.
Its most notable building is the Radcliffe Observatory at the center of the campus.
Harris Manchester College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
Its formal name is "Manchester Academy and Harris College".
It was founded in 1786 as the Manchester Academy in Manchester.
The college moved from Manchester to York in 1803.
It moved back to Manchester in 1840 and began an association with the University of London.
The college moved to London in 1853.
In 1889, the college moved to Oxford, and a new campus, designed by Thomas Worthington was completed in 1893.
The college became a full college of the University in 1996.
At that time, it changed its name to Harris Manchester College.
Hank Green (born May 5, 1980) is an American YouTuber, author, and musician.
He is the younger brother of John Green.
He lives with his wife Katherine Green, in Missoula, Montana.
He was born in Alabama.
Hank and John have a YouTube channel called VlogBrothers.
The brothers began the channel on January 1, 2007, when Hank made the channel's first video blog.
Since then, Hank and John have been active on the channel, making videos back and forth.
In the beginning of their channel's history, the videos were being made as a way to talk to each other without having to text.
The two brothers made their goal to do this for a year, as a way to grow close to each other again, and called the project "Brotherhood 2.0."
Once 2007 ended, the brother said that the Brotherhood 2.0 project would end, but that they would continue making video blogs on the channel.
Since then, the amount of fans of the channel, or as Hank and John call them, "Nerdfighters," have grown.
In 2007, Hank and John started "Project 4 Awesome," a charity fundraiser that takes place every year through the internet.
Hank and John also started VidCon, a conference and convention held every year, beginning 2010.
In 2011, YouTube gave the Greens funds to start two educational channels, Crash Course, and SciShow.
Hank hosts SciShow, which has videos on different science topics.
On Crash Course, Hank teaches viewers science subjects, and started with biology.
In 2012, Hank made The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, a present-day adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, with producer Bernie Su.
The show put up its episodes on YouTube, in a vlog diary style.
Hank was an executive producer and a writer on the show.
In 2013, the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award in the "Interactive Media" category.
Kellogg College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
It was founded in 1990 as "Rewley House".
It was renamed as Kellogg College in 1994 to honor large financial donations from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Kellogg College only admits graduate students.
It was the first college at the University to allow part-time students.
The Palace of Fine Arts () is the most important cultural center in Mexico.
It is located in the historic center of Mexico City.
The building has several murals by Diego Rivera, Siqueiros and others.
Exhibitions and theatrical performances take place here, including performances of the Ballet Folklorico de Mexico.
Palacio de Bellas Artes website
Palacio de Bellas Artes - Insight
Museums in North America
The Operation Restore Hope was an operation of the United States and many of its allied countries in Somalia.
The operation was protected by the United Nations.
The United States was the leader of this operation.
Somalia was in civil war and many people were dying from hunger in this country.
The goal of this operation was creating suitable conditions and calming down the situation in Somalia for helping the Somali people who needed food in the southern part of this country.
After the killing of several Pakistani peacekeepers, the Security Council ordered the allied forces by the Resolution 837, that they can do anything for sending the humanitarian aid to the Somali people in accordance to Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.
This operation was successful.
On December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 read from the Book of Genesis on a television broadcast of their mission as they orbited the moon.
Bill Anders, Jim Lovell, and Frank Borman read verses 1 through 10, using the Authorized King James Version text.
This was the most watched television broadcast at the time of its broadcast.
Bill Anders  "We are now approaching lunar sunrise, and for all the people back on Earth, the crew of Apollo 8 has a message that we would like to send to you. '
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.'"
Jim Lovell  "And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night.
And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
And the evening and the morning were the second day."
Frank Borman  "'And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
'And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas – and God bless all of you, all of you on the good Earth."
Electric power distribution is the delivery system of electricity to places that use it, such as homes and other buildings.
It is done mainly by power lines, transformers, substations and meters.
The electricity comes from the power station at high voltage and is delivered at medium to low voltage levels.
In early days, electricity was distributed as direct current (DC).
Alternating current (AC) was later introduced during the War of Currents.
DC distribution disappeared because transformers can easily convert AC to high voltage for electric power transmission and low voltage to use at home.
Radial network
Loop network
An electricity meter (or energy meter) is a device that measures the amount of electricity used by a house or business.
Measurements are usually taken in kilowatt hours (kWh).
Electricity meters became popular when more and more houses were connected to electricity in the 1880s.
Instead of charging the homes based on how many electricity loads they had, charging on how much electricity they used became more accurate and fair.
Types of electricity meter
Electromechanical meters
This type electricity meter uses the force generated by current when passing through magnetic field to rotate a spinning disk inside the meter.
The disk is then turn the number to indicate how much electricity has been used which is recorded by the meter.
Electronic meters
Electricity meters can easily be tampered with.
This may allow the customers to use electricity for free.
Tampering with electricity meters is illegal and can carry fines or legal actions.
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a transmission system which uses direct electric current (DC) to transmit electricity.
It is more efficient over long distances than the usual high-voltage alternating current (HVAC).
HVDC was first demonstrated in 1882 in Germany.
The technology was further developed during the 1930s in Sweden and Nazi Germany.
Early commercial uses were in the Soviet Union and Sweden in 1951.
The converter in HVDC system converts AC electricity to DC electricity or vice versa.
Converting AC to DC, it acts as a rectifier.
Converting DC to AC, it acts as an inverter.
Line-commutated converters (LCC)
Voltage-source converters (VSC)
Converter transformer
The transformer at the converter station ensures that the station is isolated from the AC system connected to the HVDC system.
It also provides the correct voltage level which will be converted to DC voltage.
Harmonic filter
Because harmonics are always produced in electronic equipment, harmonic filters are used at the AC terminal of the converter.
The DC harmonic filters can also be used at the DC line after the AC/DC conversion.
Monopole
In HVDC monopole configuration, one of the terminals of the rectifier is connected to earth ground.
The other terminal is connected to the transmission line.
The earthed terminal may be connected to the corresponding connection at the inverting station by means of a second conductor.
In HVDC bipolar configuration, a pair of conductors are used, each at a high potential with respect to ground in opposite polarity.
The DC current flows via the positive pole and returns via the negative pole.
The connection point between the positive and negative poles is grounded to the earth.
In this configuration, virtually no earth or neutral current is flowing.
When one pole is broken, half of its transfer capability is still available.
Back-to-Back
HVDC is more economical than HVAC to transmit large amounts of power over long distances
HVDC lines need fewer conductors than HVAC lines
HVDC lines use thinner conductors for the same amount of power transmitted in HVAC lines because HVDC lines don't have skin effects
HVDC systems can transfer power between different AC frequency systems
HVDC underground or submarine lines have no line capacitance like HVAC, hence need no load coils
HVDC systems have lower availability than HVAC systems
The required converter stations for HVDC are expensive and have limited overload capacity
At shorter transmission line distances, HVDC converter stations will have more loss than HVAC systems of equivalent distances
HVDC circuit breakers are harder to build than HVAC circuit breakers
HVDC system operations require more spare parts to be kept than HVAC systems
HVDC technology changes faster and is less standardized than HVAC technology
HVDC installations
: Mainland Australia-Tasmania
: New England-Quebec
: Shanghai-Xiangjiaba
: Moscow-Kashira
: Mainland Sweden-Gotland
She used to be the UFC Female Bantamweight Champion until November 2015 when she got defeated by American Holly Holm.
It was her first ever loss.
In December 2016 she tried to win the championship back but she got defeated by TOTAL KNOCKOUT (TKO) just 48 seconds into the first round, this time by Brazilian Amanda Nunes.
She now has a career in the WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc).
Well known as ( Rowdy Ronda Rousey )
She is expected to also act in movies beginning in summer 2014.
She will act in the movies of Expendables 3 and Fast & Furious 7.
Alicia Vikander (born October 3, 1988) is a Swedish actress.
She will play Alice Deane in Seventh Son.