the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Robert Morrow, Chairman of the Republican Party in Travis County, Texas
Geoff Neale, former National Chairman of The Libertarian Party
Bill Redpath, former Nationa Chairman of The Libertarian Party
Steve Kerbel, businessman, entrepreneur and former 2016 Libertarian presidential candidate
Robert Sarvis, attorney, businessman, politician and software developer
Chris J. Rufer, Founder & CEO of The Morning Star Company
Actors and comedians
Drew Carey, comedian
Doug Stanhope, comedian, actor, 2008 presidential candidate
Randy Wayne, actor
Josh Wolf, comedian, television host
Penn Jillette, of Penn & Teller
Teller, of Penn & Teller
Tom Felton, British actor
Athletes and sports figures
Rudy Carpenter, football quarterback
Hal Gill, retired professional ice hockey player
Sean Waltman, professional wrestler
Musicians and artists
Krist Novoselić, musician, bassist and co-founder of Nirvana
Commentators, writers and columnists
Josh Guckert, writer for The Libertarian Republic
Matt Welch, editor-in-chief of Reason magazine
Kmele Foster, co-host of The Independents, political pundit
Arnold Kling, former writer for EconLog, economist
Todd Seavey, writer for Splice Today and author
Montel Williams talk show host
John Stossel, media pundit
Adam Kokesh, talk show host, activist
Radio hosts
Adrian Wyllie, activist, radio show host, 2014 Libertarian candidate for Governor of Florida and former chairman of Libertarian Party of Florida
Keith Larson, radio host and political commentator
Social and political activists
Ed Lopez, Republican activist and Former National Vice Chairman of the Republican Liberty Caucus
Scott Boman, Libertarian Party of Michigan activist and candidate
Richard Winger, publisher and editor of Ballot Access News, political activist and analyst
Alan Gura, litigator, constitutional lawyer
Michael Munger, economist
Marijuana Policy Project
Johnson, Gary
Otis Clay (February 11, 1942 – January 8, 2016) was an American R&B and soul singer, who started in gospel music.
He was known for his songs "Tryin' to Live My Life Without You" and "The Only Way Is Up".
He was born in Bolivar County, Mississippi, but raised in Muncie, Indiana.
An interview in May 2013 at Soul Express
An Interview in June 2015 at Soul Express
People from Muncie, Indiana
Maria Teresa de Filippis (11 November 1926 – 9 January 2016) was an Italian racing driver.
She was known as being the first woman to race in Formula One.
She was born in Naples.
She participated in five World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 May 1958, but scored no championship points.
Ed "Stewpot" Stewart (23 April 1941 – 9 January 2016)  was a British broadcaster.
He was known for his work as a DJ on BBC Radio 1 (particularly the Saturday morning Junior Choice) and BBC Radio 2 and as a presenter for Top of the Pops and Crackerjack on BBC Television.
Archive Ed Stewart images, bio and audio from Radio Rewind website
Theodor Gilbert Morell (22 July 1886 – 26 May 1948) was Adolf Hitler's personal doctor.
For years, Morell treated Hitler with many different drugs.
He helped Hitler with almost everything Hitler did.
Morell escaped from Hitler's bunker just a few hours before Hitler killed himself there.
Life before Hitler
Morell was born in a small village called Trais-Münzenberg, in Upper Hesse, Germany.
His family was half Jewish.
Morell studied medicine in France.
Then he trained in obstetrics and gynecology in Munich, Germany.
He became a doctor on 23 May 1913.
Morell worked as a ship's doctor for a year.
Then, in 1914, when Germany was fighting World War I, he volunteered to be a doctor for the German army.
He worked as a doctor in a German army battalion until 1917.
By 1918, Morell had opened his own doctor's office in Berlin.
He became popular for treating his patients' illnesses in unusual ways.
Both the Shah of Persia and the King of Romania asked Morell to be their personal doctors, but Morell refused.
Being Hitler's doctor
Morell joined the Nazi Party when Hitler became the Chancellor (leader) of Germany in 1933.
In 1935, Morell treated Hitler's personal photographer, Heinrich Hoffmann.
Hoffmann told Hitler that Morell had saved his life.
In 1936, Hitler met Morell for the first time.
Hitler was having very bad stomach pain, and also had a rash on his leg.
Morell was able to cure both problems with medicines.
After this, Hitler asked Morell to be his personal doctor.
Soon, Hitler decided Morell was a medical genius.
Morell became one of Hitler's closest friends.
Morell began to treat Hitler with a drug he called "Vitamultin" when Hitler felt tired in the morning.
Right after he got a shot of Vitamultin, Hitler would feel awake and have a lot of energy.
Ernst-Günther Schenck, a doctor in the SS, had some Vitamultin tested.
It had methamphetamine in it.
In 1938, Hitler demanded control of part of Czechoslovakia.
While Hitler was meeting with the Czechoslovak president, Emil Hacha, Hitler began yelling at Hacha.
Hacha became so scared of Hitler that he fainted.
Morell injected stimulant drugs into Hacha to wake him up.
Morell said these drugs were only vitamins, but they may have included methamphetamine.
Soon after Morell gave him the drugs, Hacha agreed to do what Hitler wanted.
Treating Hitler with drugs
Morell began treating Hitler with more and more drugs.
Most were medicines sold in stores, but some were Morell's own mixes.
Many of the things Morell gave Hitler are toxic (poisonous).
Because of this, some historians think Morell accidentally made Hitler's bad health even worse.
Morell kept a medical diary of the drugs, vitamins and other chemicals he gave Hitler.
The diary lists 74 different drugs, in 28 different mixtures.
These drugs include psychoactive drugs like heroin, and things sold as poisons.
Some of the other drugs Morell gave Hitler were:
Drugs that are now illegal in Germany
Amphetamines (called "Pervitin" and "Vitamultin")
Cocaine (in eyedrops)
Opioid painkillers
Oxycodone (called "Eukodol" or "Eukodal")
Belladonna mixed with strychnine (called "Koster's Antigaspills")
E. coli (a bacteria that Morell would take from human feces)
A barbiturate called Brom-Nervacit (almost every night, starting in August 1941)
Sulfonamide, an antibiotic
Many of Hitler's other close friends did not like Morell.
For example, Herman Göring, the Vice-Chancellor of Germany, called Morell Der Reichsspritzenmeister ("Injection Master of the German Reich") and "The Master of the Imperial Needle."
Both nicknames meant the same thing: that Morell used injections (shots of medicine) to fix every problem.
Morell often argued with Dr. Karl Brandt, who had been Hitler's personal doctor since 1933.
Eva Braun, Hitler's girlfriend, called Morell's office a "pig sty" and refused to see him.
Prison and death
On 20 April 1945, during the Battle of Berlin, Hitler was hiding in his bunker in Berlin with Morell and some of his other personal workers.
Hitler told Morell and some other workers to fly from Berlin to the Obersalzberg (Hitler's home in the mountains).
Morell flew out of Berlin on 23 April.
Morell was soon caught by the Americans.
He was interrogated on 18 May 1945.
He was kept in jail in an American prison camp, in the same place that the Nazi concentration camp called Buchenwald used to be.
However, he was never charged with a crime.
Morell died on 26 May 1948, in a hospital in Bavaria, Germany.
He was very obese and had many health problems when he died.
The Triple Nine Society (or just TNS) is a large and famous group for people with a high intelligence quotient.
They must score at the 99.9th percentile or higher on a standard intelligence test.
In many cases, people need an IQ of 146 or higher to join.
There are now over 1,600 members in 50 countries.
TNS publishes a journal named Vidya.
Members write articles and poetry.
Vidya also has other official business of the society.
TNS members communicate with one another online through email lists, a Facebook group two Yahoo!
Groups, a LinkedIn group and a scheduled weekly IRC chat.
European members have established a group in XING and a French language Members-only Yahoo!
TNS has meetings in the US every Fall ("ggg999") and meetings in Europe every Spring ("egg999").
The Triple Nine Society started in 1978.
It has democratic principles.
TNS wants members to freely speak about their views in keeping with the Society's commitment to friendship and intellectual growth.
Lyudvig Alekseyevich Chibirov (Cybyrty Aleksejy fyrt Ljudvig, , ; born November 19, 1932) is a Ossetian politician.
He was born in Tskhinvali.
He was the first elected-President of South Ossetia serving from 1993 through 2001.
Merab Ilyich Chigoev (; 15 February 1950 – 9 January 2016) was a South Ossetian politician.
He was the former Prime Minister serving from August 1998 until June 2001.
He was also Minister of Justice in Yury Morozov's cabinet.
He was born in Leningor district, South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union.
Prime Ministers of South Ossetia
Robert Ian "Bob" Oatley  (11 June 1928 – 10 January 2016) was an Australian businessman, winemaker and yachtsman.
He was perhaps best known for owning the Sydney to Hobart-winning yacht Wild Oats XI.
He bought Hamilton Island, Queensland in 2003 for $200 million.
He was also responsible for the Rosemount winery, which he founded in 1969.
Oatley was born in Mosman, Sydney, New South Wales.
His granddaughter is equestrian Lyndal Oatley.
Lawrence Rory Guy (August 19, 1926 – January 9, 2016), better known as Angus Scrimm, was an American actor and writer.
He best known for playing the Tall Man in the horror movie Phantasm (1979) and its sequels, Phantasm II (1988), Phantasm III: Lord of the Dead (1994), Phantasm IV: Oblivion (1998), and his final movie Phantasm: Ravager (2016).
He also appeared in the television series Alias.
He wrote liner notes for musician such as Frank Sinatra to The Beatles.
He won a Grammy Award for his liner notes.
Scrimm was born in Kansas City, Kansas.
He studied at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California.
James "Jim" Ross (May 20, 1926 – January 1, 2016) was a Scottish-Canadian professional ice hockey player.
He played as a defenceman from 1944 until 1955.
He played 62 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers.
Ross was born in Edinburgh.
His wife, Margaret, died in 2008.
José María Rivas (12 May 1958 – 9 January 2016) was a Salvadoran footballer.
He played for Independiente, Atlético Marte, San Pedro, Huracán and Cojutepeque.
He played for his national team 22 times.
{{Infobox University
|name = École de l'Air
|image_name=
|established = 1933
|type = Public, military school
|students=500
|city = Salon-de-Provence
| campus = Base aérienne 701
|country = France
|coor =
|affiliations=Conférence des Grandes Écoles, PEGASUS
|website = http://new.ecole-air.fr
The École de l'air et de l'Espace is a military school and grande école training line officers in the French Air Force.
Ingénieur École de l'air (École de l'air Graduate engineer Masters level program) ;
Mastères Spécialisés (In partnership with the French Civil Aviation University and the Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace''.
Massive Online Open Course in air defense.
Caroline Aigle, French fighter pilot.
Michel Tognini, French test pilot, astronaut, educator, writer and administrator.
Peter Trevor Powell (c. 1932 – 3 January 2016) was an English kite maker.
He developed a steerable kite in 1972, using dual lines.
Powell's kites had spars made of Gonystylus which were later replaced with aluminium tubing and, later still, by glass fibre spars.
Powell's kites came with a long, hollow polyethylene tail that was inflated by the wind.
The tail added stability as well as looking good when performing stunts.
He was born in Gloucester, Gloucestershire.
Royal Pollokoff (April 8, 1929 – January 8, 2016), better known by the stage name Royal Parker, was an American television personality.
He began his career in the 1940s and would last until his retirement during the 1990s.
He appeared in many roles on television, becoming a staple on television screens.
Parker was born in Baltimore, Maryland He studied at Baltimore City College.
Parker began his career in radio.
During his career he announced Dwight D. Eisenhower's victory in the U.S. presidential election, 1952, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon's resignation, the Iran hostage crisis and the near assassination of Ronald Reagan.
The Royal Parker Photo Album
Dermot Mulroney (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, musician and director.
He has been acting since 1986.
He is known for his roles in the movies Young Guns, Where the Day Takes You, My Best Friend's Wedding, The Last Outlaw, About Schmidt, and August: Osage County.
Mulroney played the main villain of NBC's Crisis, Francis Gibson.
Sam Rockwell (born November 5, 1968) is an American actor.
He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2018.
He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs (1997), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), Matchstick Men (2003), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Choke (2008), Moon (2009) and Seven Psychopaths (2012), as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile (1999), Galaxy Quest (1999), The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007),  Frost/Nixon (2008), Conviction (2010), Iron Man 2 (2010), Cowboys & Aliens (2011), The Way, Way Back (2013) and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017).
Sam Rockwell Interview
Ka-Bar (trademarked as KA-BAR, capitalized) is a combat knife first obtained by the United States Marine Corps in November 1942.
It was then designated as the 1219C2 combat knife.
Later it was called the USMC Mark 2 combat knife.
When the United States Navy obtained the knife they called it the U.S. Navy utility knife, Mark 2.
KA-BAR is the trademark and namesake of a related knife manufacturing company, KA-BAR Knives.,
Inc. (formerly Union Cutlery Co.) of Olean, New York.
KA-BAR Knives is a subsidiary of the Cutco Corporation.
At the start of World War II, the US Marine Corps was still using the World War I issue Trench knife.
Called the knuckle knife, it was a dagger with a studded steel hand guard.
The trench knife was suited for trench warfare but it did not meet the needs of the Marines in the Pacific war.
The Marine Corps purchased different designs from different knife manufacturers.
The Ka-Bar, however, quickly became the marine's favorite.
They were made by the Union Cutlery Company (later changed to KA-BAR Cutlery Inc.).
Soon other companies were under contract to produce the Ka-Bar.
The main use for the Ka-Bar combat knife was hand-to-hand combat with an enemy.
However, the number of enemy soldiers killed with a Ka-Bar is thought to be very small.
The knife, weighing just over , had a solid pommel (the butt end of the knife) which could be used as a hammer.
The knife was used to open food cans in c-rations or k-rations.
It was used for cutting wires, opening crates of ammunition and other non-combat uses.
Modern Ka-Bars
Although KA-BAR Knives, Inc. currently makes a wide variety of knives and cutlery, it is best known for the Ka-Bar Fighting/Utility knife.
It has traditionally used a 7 inch (178 mm) long blade.
It is made of 1095 carbon steel with a clip point blade and a stacked leather-washer handle.
Other, more modern versions of this knife feature single or dual-edge blades.
Many have synthetic handles made of Kraton (a non-slip rubber substitute).
For modern outdoor survival use the Ka-Bar knives are still a proven design.
All About KA-BAR Knives
KA-BAR Knife History
KA-BAR Fighting Knife Review
Things to Know About Ka-Bar Becker Fixed Blade Survival Knife
Jeanne Cordova (July 18, 1948 – January 10, 2016) was an American lesbian and gay rights activist and writer.
She was a founder of the West Coast LGBTQ movement.
She was a columnist for Lesbian Tide, Los Angeles Free Press and The Advocate.
Her memoir, When We Were Outlaws: a Memoir of Love and Revolution, won a Lammy.
Cordova was born in Bremerhaven, Germany.
She grew up in California.
She was of Irish and Mexican ancestry.
Ralph Hauenstein (March 20, 1912 – January 10, 2016) was an American philanthropist and businessman.
His leadership has made the Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State University, the Hauenstein Parkinson's and Neuroscience Centers at Saint Mary's Hospital and the Grace Hauenstein Library at Aquinas College.
He was also a colonel in the U.S. Army.
Hauenstein was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
He fought for his country during World War II.
He turned 100 in March 2012.
His wife of 75 years, Grace Byrnes, died in 2007.
Hauenstein died from natural causes on January 10, 2016 in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
He was 103.
Businesspeople from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Hernán Gamboa (18 June 1946 – 10 January 2016) was a Venezuelan musician, composer and singer.
He began his career in 1956.
He was a member of Serenata Guayanesa from 1971 to 1984.
He was born in San Tomé, Anzoátegui.
Gamboa died from cancer on 10 January 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Donn Alan "D. A." Pennebaker (/ˈpɛnibeɪkə/, July 15, 1925 – August 1, 2019) was an American documentary filmmaker.
He was one of the pioneers of Direct Cinema.
Performing arts and politics are his subjects.
His subjects cover events of the 1960s.
María Lorenza Barreneche Iriarte (3 July 1926 – 5 January 2015) was an Argentine public figure.
She was the wife of the late President Raúl Alfonsín from 1949 until his death in 2009.
She was First Lady of Argentina from 1983 to 1989.
Barreneche was born in Chascomús, Buenos Aires.
She was of Basque ancestry.
She had six children with Alfonsín.
Barreneche died after years of poor health on 5 January 2016 in Buenos Aires.
Daniel Patrick "Pat" Harrington, Sr. (
February 6, 1901 – September 2, 1965) was a Canadian actor.
His Broadway credits include Panama Hattie (1940), Star and Garter (1942), The Front Page (1946), Call Me Madam (1950) and Sunday in New York (1961).
He also appeared in the early television series A Couple of Joes (1949) and The Wonderful John Acton (1953).
Harrington was born in Montreal, Quebec.
He was the father of American actor Pat Harrington, Jr. (1929–2016).
Demmus Hentze (4 December 1923 – 3 January 2016) was a Faroese politician and lawyer.
He served as Finance Minister from 1975 to 1981.
He was born in Sandur, Sandoy.
He graduated from the University of Copenhagen.
He is known for his roles in The Good Shepherd (2006), Savage Grace (2007), Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007), My Week with Marilyn (2011), Les Misérables (2012), The Theory of Everything (2014), Jupiter Ascending (2015), The Danish Girl (2015), Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure (2015), and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016).
Redmayne received many awards for his role as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor, the BAFTA Award, the Golden Globe Award, and the Screen Actors Guild Award.
He has continued to perform in theatre, most notably in the play Red (2010), on Broadway, for which he won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play.
Eddie Redmayne at Yahoo!
Teofil Codreanu (1 February 1941 – 10 January 2016) was a Romanian footballer.
He played as an attacking midfielder.
He played for Rapid Bucureşti and the Romania national football team.
Woman on top (also called cowgirl or riding position) is a group of sex positions in which the man lies back or sits.
The woman straddles him facing either forward or backward.
The man then inserts his erect penis into the woman's vagina or anus.
The cowgirl name comes from the image of the receiving partner "riding" the other partner the same way a cowboy rides a bucking horse.
The position is often cited as one of the more popular sex positions, mostly by women.
The movie stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Ben Kingsley, Charlotte Le Bon, James Badge Dale, Ben Schwartz, and Steve Valentine.
The movie was released by TriStar Pictures on September 30, 2015, in the United States in IMAX 3D, and on October 9 in regular 2D and 3D. The film was dedicated to the victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001.
He was known for playing character roles and his ability to speak in numerous accents.
Libertini was known for his roles in Catch-22 (1970), The In-Laws (1979), Popeye (1980), All of Me (1984), Fletch (1985), Fletch Lives (1989), Awakenings (1990), Lethal Weapon 4 (1998), and Dolphin Tale (2011).
Richard Libertini at NNDB.com
Nikolas "Nik" Wallenda (born January 24, 1979) is an American acrobat, aerialist, daredevil, high wire artist, and author.
He is known for his high-wire performances without a safety net.
He holds nine Guinness World Records for various acrobatic feats, but is best known as the first person to walk a tightrope stretched directly over Niagara Falls.
He walked across a tightrope from Leo Burnett Building to both Marina City towers in Chicago in December 2014.
Nik Wallenda: Beyond Niagara TV program official website
"SkyWire Live" (Grand Canyon walk) official website
"Skyscraper walk live" (Chicago walk) official website
Philippe Petit (; born 13 August 1949) is a French high-wire artist.
He became famous for his high-wire walk between the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974.
The 2015 movie The Walk is based on his high-wire walk in New York.
MSA - The Man Who Walked Between The Towers.
Co-produced by Michael Sporn Animation and Weston Woods Studios
Philippe Petit Signature visible in the 1980s
photos of Philippe Petit crossing the Twin Towers along with others
Philippe Petit: The journey across the high wire, TED2012, Filmed Mar 2012, Posted May 2012.
George Jonas  (June 15, 1935 – January 10, 2016) was a Hungarian-born Canadian writer, poet, and journalist.
He wrote 16 books.
His best known book was international bestseller Vengeance (1984), the story of an Israeli operation to kill the terrorists behind the 1972 Munich massacre.
This was made into the movie Munich (2005), directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Eric Bana.
He was born in Budapest to a Jewish family.
George Jonas  at The Canadian Encyclopedia
Villa Paul Poiret in Mézy-sur-Seine, Yvelines, France, is an important example of modernist architecture.
It was Cubism-inspired, and built in the early 1920s.
Later Art Deco features were added.
It was a private house originally designed by architect Robert Mallet-Stevens.
The house is in  of parkland to the west of Paris, overlooking the Seine Valley.
It is made of reinforced concrete to a geometric style.
The villa was commissioned by fashion designer Paul Poiret in 1921.
It was completed in 1925.
The house fell into disrepair, and was sold by Poiret in 1930 to actress Elvira Popescu, who lived there from 1938 to 1985.
Popescu hired the architect Paul Boyer in 1932 to alter the original design to the contemporary Art Deco  "ocean liner" style, converting windows to portholes, and rounding-off terrace corners.
The house was listed as an historic landmark in 1984.
By 1999 the house had once more become dilapidated.
It was bought by Laurent Brun.
Under the direction of the two French committees responsible for listed buildings, both the outside and inside have been restored.
Villa Paul Poiret is part of the Journées de Patrimoine, (Heritage Days) scheme:  public and private buildings of historic importance are open to the public on the third weekend in September.
Mohamed Yehia Emam (‎; 28 November 1943 – 9 January 2016), better known as Hamada Ema (), was an Egyptian footballer.
He played as a centre forward.
He played for Zamalek SC in the Egyptian Premier League.
Emam was born in Cairo.
His father was goalkeeper Yehia Emam.
His son Hazem Emam (born 1975) also played football.
Fernando Barrachina Plo (24 February 1947 – 4 January 2016) was a Spanish professional footballer.
He played for Granada, Valencia and Cádiz.
He also played one game for the Spain national football team.
Zelimkhan Yaqub (; 21 January 1950 – 9 January 2016) was an Azerbaijani poet.
He served as a deputy of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan from 1995 to 2005.
He was also named the national poet of Azerbaijan in 2005.
He was born in Bolnisi Municipality, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union.
Ulrich Hahnen (10 May 1952 in Krefeld – 10 January 2016) was a German politician.
He was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
He served as a deputy of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2010 until his death.
In 1994, he became a member of the City Council of Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia.
The kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) is a large tyrant flycatcher.
This bird breeds from southern Arizona and the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States through Central America, South America as far as south as central Argentina and western Peru, and on Trinidad and Tobago.
Birds from the northernmost and southern breeding areas migrate to warmer parts of the range after breeding.
An adult tropical kingbird is  long and weighs .
The head is pale gray, with a darker eye mask (area around its eyes), an orange crown stripe, and a heavy gray bill.
The throat is pale gray, becoming olive-colored on the breast, with the rest of the underparts being yellow.
Both male and female are similar, but young birds have pale buff edges on the wing coverts.
The call is a high-pitched twittering trill, tree-e-e-e-e-e-e, with a more complex version sung by the male at dawn.
Tropical kingbirds like to view their surroundings from an open perch, usually high in a tree.
They take long flights to catch insects in mid-air, which is called hawking.
They sometimes hover to pick food off of plants, which is called gleaning.
They also eat some fruit.
The eggs are cream-colored with reddish-brown marks.
The female incubates the typical clutch of two or three eggs for 16 days.
After they hatch, it is about 18–19 more days until fledging.
The tropical kingbird is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.
This is because this bird is very common and they adapt well to changes in their environment.
Nesting Tyrannus melancholicus
Kingbird, Tropical
Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds (10 November 1942 – 4 January 2016) was a Latvian computer scientist and mathematician.
He was a member of Latvian Academy of Sciences from 1992.
He discovered Freivalds' algorithm.
He also taught at the University of Latvia with students including Daina Taimina and Andris Ambainis.
He was born in Cesvaine and studied at Moscow State University (MSU).
Latvian educators
Juan Sebastián Elcano (1476 – 4 August 1526) was a Spanish explorer of Basque origin.
He completed the first circumnavigation of the world started by Ferdinand Magellan.
After Magellan's death in the Philippines, Elcano took command of the expedition and completed the voyage to Spain.
The voyage proved that the Earth was round.
When he returned to Spain the king gave Elcano his own Coat of arms.
He also received a pension of 500 ducats.
Elcano was born in 1476 in Getaria, Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country of northern Spain.
His parents were Domingo Sebastián de el Cano and Catalina de el Puerto.
From his childhood he was a sailor and fisherman.
He later smuggled contraband into French ports.
He was part of an expedition against Algeria in 1509.
In 1519 he was in Seville when Charles V of Spain was sending a major expedition to find a shortcut to the Indies.
Magellan's voyage
Charles V had selected the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan to lead an expedition made up of five ships and 239 men.
Their mission was to find a shortcut to the Far East by going around the tip of South America.
When the expedition wintered on the coast of Brazil the crews joined in a mutiny because they did not want to go any further.
By this time Magellan and  Elcano no longer trusted each other.
Magellan blamed Elcano for the mutiny and placed him in chains.
One of Magellan's ships was wrecked in Brazil.
By the time they reached the passage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, afterwards named the Strait of Magellan, one more ship had turned back.
Magellan started through the strait in October 1520 taking a month to get through.
The three ships reached Guam in March 1521.
Later in the month they reached Homonhon Island in the Philippines.
By this time they had only 150 men.
Magellan formed a friendship with the island's king and soon joined in a war between the king and a rival.
On April 27, 1521 Magellan was killed in a battle.
The remaining men and ships quickly escaped the Philippines arrived at the Spice Islands in November 1521.
By this time Elcano commanded the last ship in the expedition.
They left the Spice Islands in December.
On September 8, 1522 Elcano and his crew reached Spain completing Magellan's expedition.
Elcano was surprised to learn they had lost a day in circumnavigating the globe.
He spent about three years at Valladolid.
He fell in love with María Vidaurreta.
Together they had a daughter.
He joined the expedition of Garcia Jofre de Loaísa to colonize the Spice Islands.
They left with seven ships and 450 men.
the expedition was scattered by bad weather near Cape Horn.
The expedition lost six of its seven ships.
The remaining ship continued to the Spice Islands.
On July 30, 1526 Loaísa died of scurvy.
Elcano took command but he died of the disease himself on August 4, 1526.
The Sailing ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano is named for the explorer.
It is a four-masted, topsail schooner, one of the largest in the world.
It had sailed around the earth six times by 1986.
The ship has participated in three Operation Sail events in New York harbor.
It has probably been sailed more than any other major tall ship.
Her home port is Cadiz, Spain.
The ship is owned by the Spanish Navy.
The word contraband (Old French contrebande "a smuggling") means any item which is illegal to be possessed or sold.
The term is used for goods such as:
smuggled goods
stolen goods – knowingly dealing in stolen goods is an offense in itself, called fencing
the fruits of fraud, forgery etc.
Law of armed conflict
In international law, contraband means goods sent to territories under the control of the enemy that can be used in armed conflict.
Absolute contraband includes arms, munitions, and various materials.
These can include chemicals and certain types of machinery that may be used to wage war.
Conditional contraband includes food and livestock feed.
Cargo of this kind, while presumably innocent in character, can be seized if the supplies are destined for the armed forces of the enemy.
Under conditions of modern warfare almost everything can be called absolute contraband.
During the American Civil War, slaves who sought refuge in Union army military camps or who lived in territories that fell under Union control were declared contraband.
This policy was first used by General Benjamin F. Butler in 1861, in what came to be known as the "Fort Monroe Doctrine," established in Hampton, Virginia.
By war's end, the Union had set up 100 contraband camps in the Southern United States.
The Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony (1863–1867) was developed to be a colony.
Many adult former slaves worked for wages for the Army at such camps.
Contraband refers to goods which are illegal to possess or trade.
Contraband may also refer to:
Contraband (1980 movie), an Italian crime drama directed by Lucio Fulci
Contraband (2012 movie), an American film
Contraband (coal mine), items which for safety reasons are not allowed to be taken underground in a coal mine
Contraband (American Civil War), a status for fugitive slaves behind Union lines in Rebel territory during the American Civil War
Contraband Bayou, a large bayou in Louisiana, United States
Mystery shopping (or mystery customer) is a management tool used to find out how customers are being treated.
Retail companies use it to get an idea about how their branches are being managed and operated.
Also franchise chains use it to make sure franchisees are keeping to the agreements made with the parent company.
The idea is to get information which is otherwise  hard to obtain.
Quality of service, or compliance with regulations and/or agreements are what is often investigated.
A company hires a person to be a customer.
The company being evaluated does not know who the mystery shopper is.
Mystery shoppers perform specific tasks such as buying a product, asking questions, registering complaints or behaving in a certain way.
Afterwards, they provide detailed reports or feedback about their experiences.
The Dogue de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Mastiff, French Mastiff is a dog breed that originated in France.
The dogs are large, and usually grow to a shoulder height of between  and .
They weight between  and , but the official standard does not specify a weight.
The Bordeaux is a very powerful dog, with a very muscular body.
The breed has been put to work in many different capacities, from pulling carts and hauling heavy objects, to guarding flocks and, historically, the castles of the European elite.
The Australian Kelpie, or simply Kelpie, is an Australian sheepdog.
The word 'Kelpie' is Gaelic and means "water sprite".
They are very successful at herding and driving livestock with little or no guidance.
The Kelpie is a medium-sized dog.
They come in both the tan markings and solid colors.
The Kelpie has been exported throughout the world and is used mainly to herd sheep, cattle and goats.
The Kelpie can do the work of several men.
They are tireless workers and can work all day in the hottest climates.
Kelpies are able to travel more than  in a single day.
Like the Border Collie the Kelpie is an intimidator.
It locks eyes with an animal to get it to move.
Unlike the Border Collie, the Kelpie also nips at the heels of herd animals to get and keep them moving.
A typical Kelpie weighs from 25 to 45 pounds.
They have a life expectancy of from 10 to 14 years on average.
Kelpies have natural oils in their skin that keeps their coat weather resistant.
For that reason they should be bathed only when absolutely necessary to avoid drying out their skin.
An occasional rubdown with a towel keeps them clean.
The breed has been separated into two distinct varieties: the Show (or Bench) Kelpie and the Working Kelpie.
The Show Kelpie is seen at conformation dog shows in some countries and is selected for appearance rather than working instinct, while the Working Kelpie is bred for working ability rather than appearance.
Tajdid () is an Arabic word that means "renewal".
It is usually put together with din to mean "renewal of the religion."
A similar but less common expression is ihya' al-din (), which may be translated as "revival of the religion."
The purpose of the tajdid (renewal or revival) is to implement this ideal model in Muslims' lives, wherever and whenever Muslim society exists.
This purpose implies that tajdid is a continuous effort by Muslims always to explain Islam and make it applicable in continually changing situations without violating its principles.
The notion of tajdid in the Islamic tradition can be traced back to the Prophet Muhammad, who said that "At the start of each century there will arise in this ummah (the Muslim community) those who will call for a religious renewal".
Such people (mujaddids, or renewers of Islam), are believed to always come in the time when Muslim community departs from the true path defined by the Qur'an and sunnah (example of the Prophet).
The task of the mujaddid, therefore, is to return Muslims to their basic sources (the Qur'an and sunnah), to clean Islam from all un-Godly elements, to present Islam and make it flourish more or less in its original pure form and spirit.
The tradition of a renewal of the faith went back to Islam's first century, with the caliph Umar II ('Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz), who came to power in the Muslim year 99 and was particularly revered for his piety, in contrast to his predecessors.
He was viewed as a renewer of the faith in an age of increasingly profane rule, and later mujaddids and their movements in various parts of the Islamic world followed his precedent.
A Quest For True Islam: A Study of the Islamic Resurgence Movement among the Youth in Bandung, Indonesia by Rifki Rosyad.
Thomas Alexander Hickman (October 19, 1925 – January 11, 2016) was a Canadian lawyer, politician and judge.
He was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland.
From 1966 to 1979, he was a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly.
He held many cabinet positions including Minister of Justice and Attorney General, Minister of Health, Minister Responsible for Intergovernmental Affairs, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Education.
Canadian judges
Oscar Fritschi (25 February 1939 – 8 January 2016) was a Swiss politician.
He was a member of the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland.
He was born in Winterthur, Switzerland.
From 1986 to 1992 Fritschi was president of the FDP of the Canton of Zurich.
From 1991 to 1992 he was a member of the Cantonal Council of the Canton of Zurich.
On November 25, 1991, he was elected in the National Assembly.
He resigned in 1999 after he no longer had support.
John Harvard (June 4, 1938 – January 9, 2016) was a Canadian journalist and politician in Manitoba.
He served as a federal Member of Parliament from 1988 to 2004, and was appointed the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba just before Canada's federal election in 2004.
Abbas Bahri (1 January 1955 – 10 January 2016) was a Tunisian mathematician.
He was the winner of the Fermat Prize and the Langevin Prize in mathematics.
He was a professor of mathematics at Rutgers University.
He mainly studied the calculus of variations, partial differential equations, and differential geometry.
He introduced the method of the critical points at infinity, which is a fundamental step in the calculus of variations.
Official Rutgers website
Tunisian academics
Ann Zeilinger Caracristi (February 1, 1921 – January 10, 2016) was an American cryptanalyst.
She was the former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency, where she served at many positions over a 40-year career.
She served as a member of the Secretary of Defense Joint Security Commission and President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.
She became the first woman at NSA to be promoted to GS-18 rank, in 1975.
She was born in Bronxville, New York.
In 2002, her name was given to a Naval Intelligence Professionals' award.
Caracristi died January 10, 2016, in Washington, D.C. from complications of dementia at the age of 94.
Veijo Väinö Valvo Meri (31 December 1928 – 21 June 2015) was a Finnish writer.
His work was mainly about World War II and the Cold War.
The work is anti-war and has dark humor.
He was born in Viipuri, Finland.
He wrote novels, short stories, poetry, and essays.
He was known for his works; Manila rope: A novel, Private Jokinen’s marriage leave and Beneath the Polar Star: Glimpses of Finnish History.
He won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1973.
Wim Bleijenberg (5 November 1930 – 10 January 2016) was a Dutch footballer.
He played for Wageningen, Rigtersbleek, Ajax, Blauw-Wit Amsterdam, Go Ahead Eagles, Apeldoorn and the national team.
He was born in Veenendaal, Utrecht.
António Reginaldo Matias de Araújo (2 October 1977 – 11 January 2016) was a Brazilian footballer.
He played for Coritiba, São Paulo, Santos, Flamengo, Santa Cruz and Criciúma.
He was born in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo.
Araújo died from a heart attack on 11 January 2016 in Cornélio Procópio, Paraná.
He was 38.
Gunnel Vallquist (19 June 1918 – 11 January 2016) was a Swedish writer and translator.
She became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1982.
She wrote over twenty books.
She also translated In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust from French into Swedish.
She was born in Stockholm.
Brian James Johnson (26 June 1956 – 11 January 2016) was an Australian professional rugby league player and coach.
He played as a fullback.
He played in Sydney for the St George Dragons and Eastern Suburbs.
He later played in England for Warrington.
He was born in Dapto, New South Wales.
Darryl Cherney (born 1950s) is an American musician and environmental activist.
He is a member of the Earth First!
environmental movement.
He was born in New York City, New York, but raised in Eureka, California.
Cherney ran for congress in the 1988 Democratic primary, but lost.
On May 24, 1990, Cherney and his friend, fellow activist Judi Bari, were injured when a pipe bomb exploded in his car.
Both were severely injured by the explosion.
The case was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which accused Cherney of bombing themselves.
He later sued the FBI and was later awarded $4.4 million.
Bari died from her injuries.
In 2012, Cherney's documentary movie Who Bombed Judi Bari?
Cherney announced in 2015 that he was running for President of the United States for the Green Party nomination in the 2016 United States presidential election.
He is running against Jill Stein for the nomination.
Darryl Cherney's home page
March 2012 interview with Cherney about his documentary Who Bombed Judy Bari?
Interview with Cherney  on Independent Eye's public radio series Hitchhiking off the Map.
Infamous Troubadour: The Life, Times and Future of Darryl Cherney, North Coast Journal February 17, 2005.
Interview with Darryl Cherney  in Modern Pagans, RE/Search publications.
Cherney's documentary Who Bombed Judy Bari?
Activist songs by Darryl Cherney covering the bombing
Los Angeles Times review accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
Jill Stein, a physician from Massachusetts, is seeking the nomination of the Green Party of the United States for President in 2016.
In 2012, Stein was the Green Party's nominee and received 469,501 votes for President of the United States in the 2012 general election.
On February 6, 2015, Stein announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential campaign for  the Green Party's presidential nomination in the 2016.
She officially declared she was running for president for a second time during an appearance on Democracy Now!
on June 22, 2015.
Medea Benjamin,  co-founder of Code Pink and Global Exchange
Marsha Coleman-Adebayo, former senior policy analyst for the United States Environmental Protection Agency and racial justice advocate
Immortal Technique, rapper and activist
International Socialist Organization, a socialist organization in the United States
Richard D. Wolff, professor emeritus of economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Cornel West, philosopher and activist
Stein, Jill
The Prohibition Party (PRO) is a political party in the United States.
The party is known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages.
It is the oldest existing third party in the United States.
The party was an important part of the temperance movement.
While never one of the leading parties in the United States, it was once an important force in the Third Party System during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
This was also the case in mid century Europe.
It declined dramatically after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933.
The party earned only 519 votes in the 2012 presidential election with Jack Fellure as the candidate.
James Hedges was the candidate in the 2016 presidential election winning 5,617 votes.
(Party)
(People)
In sport, doping is the use of a drug that athletes or competitors are not allowed to use.
Certain drugs, such as steroids, are not allowed (or banned) in professional sports.
This is because they can help a competitor's performance, by making them stronger or faster.
This gives them an unfair advantage over other competitors.
The drugs may be legal, but competitors will not be allowed to use them.
Many sports make competitors take a drug test to prove that they are not using any drugs.
List of doping cases in athletics
List of doping cases in sport
Gloria Estela La Riva (born August 13, 1954, in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is an American politician.
She works with the Party for Socialism and Liberation and in California with the Peace and Freedom Party, and previously with the Workers World Party.
She was the PSL's 2008 presidential candidate, and was also vying for the nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party in California, but lost the bid to Ralph Nader.
La Riva ran as the PSL's presidential candidate in the 2016 race, with Eugene Puryear as her running mate.
2016 campaign website
"Standing for Castro at the US election", a brief report on Gloria La Riva by France 24, October 29, 2008
"Meet Gloria" , profile on Votepsl.org
The Governor of the State of New Mexico is the chief executive of the state of New Mexico.
The governor is the head of the executive branch of New Mexico's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
They also make annual State of the State addresses to the New Mexico State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.
The current governor is Michelle Lujan Grisham, a Democrat.
Grisham won the November 2018 gubernatorial election and was sworn in as the 32nd Governor of the state of New Mexico on January 1, 2019.
Living former governors of New Mexico
, there were six former governors of New Mexico living, the oldest being Jerry Apodaca (1975–1979, born 1934).
The most recent governor of New Mexico to die was David Cargo (1967–1971), who died on July 5, 2013.
The most recently serving governor of New Mexico to die was Bruce King (1971–1975, 1979–1983, 1991–1995), who died on November 13, 2009.
Official site of Governor's office
In electronics, doping is the process of adding certain chemical elements to a semiconductor in order to change its electric conductivity.
These elements are tiny impurities.
This is done to create diodes that make electricity go in one direction, or to make transistors and semiconductor switches.
When the element boron is added to silicon, the boron "dopant" is called an "acceptor" because it likes accepting electrons.
When the element phosphorous is added to silicon, the phosphorous is called a "donor" because it does not like electrons.
(1) n–type doping: In this, element with five valence electrons are added as impurity(pentavalent impurity or donor impurity) in the semiconductor.
Semiconductor has four valence electrons, when it is doped with pentavalent impurity the four valence electron makes covalent bond and the remaining one is now free to move, this is how n-type doping increases conductivity of the semiconductor.
Due to excess of electron (e-) in the n-type semiconductor it generates an overall negative charge and thus the name n-type semiconductor.
(2) p-type doping: In this, element with three valence electron are added as impurity (trivalent impurity or acceptor impurity) in the semiconductor.
The three electron in the semiconductor bonds with the three electrons of the dopant.
The one electron could not make bond and thus the vacant space where electron should be there is created.
This vacant space is know as holes.
Electron from another atom jumps in these hole to fill it and a hole is created there, and then the same thing continues.
Thus, by this way conductivity is  increased in p-type doping.
The impurities are added to the silicon through multiple processes, including "Spin Coating".
A thin layer of phosphorus or boron, usually mixed with a liquid to help it spread out, is spun at high speeds on the silicon.
The mixture spreads out the phosphorous or boron, and then is baked.
A slang word for cocaine, marijuana, opium, heroin, methamphetamine, and other illegal drugs
Dopant, an chemical added to a substance to change it
Marc Allan Feldman (October 10, 1959 - June 22, 2016) was an American physician, political commentator, and activist.
Feldman was also a practicing physician.
He had been employed at the Cleveland Clinic since August 1998.
He was also the owner of a small business called Openivo, Inc. Feldman had also served as the president of the Ophthalmic Anesthesia Society.
On January 13, 2015 Feldman announced that he was running for President of the United States in the 2016 election as a Libertarian.
His main goal in running was to address how much money influences the political system.
He had called his campaign "Votes Not For Sale" and wouldn't take any donations over $5.
On May 26, 2016, Feldman participated in a political debate at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention, alongside Gary Johnson, Austin Petersen, John McAfee, and Darryl W. Perry.
Feldman would place fifth on the second nominating ballot, losing to Gary Johnson.
On June 22, 2016, Dr. Feldman was found unresponsive at the America's Best Value Inn in Brook Park, Ohio.
He was pronounced dead at the scene a short time later.
The cause of death was atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.