the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
6 November: Parliament is dissolved as a general election is announced to take place on 12 December.
12 December: A general election is held in the UK.
The pro-Brexit Conservative party remains the largest party and gains a majority of 80 seats.
Labour suffers their worst election since 1935.
20 December: The withdrawal agreement is passed meaning the UK will leave the EU on 31 January.
31 January: The UK membership with the EU comes to an end.
The UK will now enter the transition period for 11 months.
This means that the UK will still be guaranteed customs union and single market (free trade) until 31 December.
1 July: The deadline for the UK to extend the transition period, which did not get extended.
24 December: A deal is made between the UK and the EU, post-Brexit.
31 December: The date the UK is set to leave the EU.
The transition period was not extended.
2010s in the United Kingdom
2020s in the United Kingdom
Françoise de Rochechouart, Marquise of Montespan (5 October 1640 – 27 May 1707) was better known as Madame de Montespan.
She was the most celebrated mistress of King Louis XIV of France.
She had seven children with him.
She had spent several years in fashonable Parisians salons.
There she was quickly seen as an intelligent, witty and very attractive woman.
She eventually gave herself the nickname Athénaïs in honour of the ancient Greek goddess Athena.
As a result of this, she is also referred to as "Athénaïs de Montespan".
She lived at the same time as Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, the mistress of Charles II of England.
Several of her decendants married, which makes her an ancestress of several royal houses in Europe, including those of Spain, Italy, Bulgaria and Portugal.
She was also responsible for the creation of the now destroyed "Trianon de Porcelaine" as well as the larger and grander Château de Clagny.
The latter building has often been likened to the Palace of Versailles, just on a smaller scale.
She was also called "the real queen of France" in her lifetime due to her strong influence over the king and royal court.
The second daughter of Gabriel de Rochechouart, Duke of Mortemart and Diane de Grandseigne, she was a member of the House of Rochechouart, itself one of the most well regarded noble families in France.
Her mother was a lady-in-waiting to Anne of Austria and as a young girl, she often travelled with her mother between the family estates and the court at the Louvre in Paris.
At the age of twelve, she began her formal education at the Convent of St Mary at Saintes, From a young age she was styled as Mademoiselle de Tonnay-Charente or Mademoiselle de Mortemart.
Despite being in love with Louis de La Trémoille, on 28 January 1663, Françoise married Louis Henri de Pardaillan, Marquis of Montespan, who was one year younger than her.
Also, from a prominent noble family, the marriage was considered a good social match.
Marie Christine de Pardaillan (17 November 1663 - 1675)  died unmarried and childless.
Louis Antoine de Pardaillan, Marquis of Antin (5 September 1664 – 2 November 1736); later Duke of Antin, married Julie Françoise de Crussol and had children.
Relationship with Louis XIV
At the age of twenty, Athénaïs became a maid-of-honour to the king's sister-in-law, Princess Henrietta of England, who was known at court by the traditional honorific of Madame.
Later, because of the relationship between her mother and the queen dowager, Anne of Austria, Athénaïs was appointed to be a lady-in-waiting to the king's wife, Queen Marie Thérèse.
By 1666 Athénaïs  was trying to gain the favour of Louise de La Vallière, the mistress of king Louis.
Eventually it became common knowledge that Louis and Athénaïs were having a sexual relationship.
Their first illegitimate  child was a daughter who was named after the couple ; Louise Françoise de Bourbon (1669-1672) but who died young.
As the children born to the couple increased, a house in Paris was bought on the Rue Vaugirard where the children could be bought up by their nanny Madame Scarron (future Madame de Maintenon) and secret wife of Louis).
Thanks to the constant requests of Athénaïs in 1673, the couple's three living illegitimate children were legitimated by Louis XIV and given the royal surname of de Bourbon.
Their mother's name, however, was not mentioned.
Despite having successfully seen her children with Louis legitimised, the arguments between Louis and Athénaïs became more and more frequent as well as ferocious, but the couple would invariably work things out.
However, The "Affaire des Poisons"  (Affair of the poisons), which erupted in September 1677.
This was a national scandal, and it was thought that Athénaïs had been using certain poisons on Louis to ensure her influence on him would remain strong.
Throughout her time as mistress of Louis, her influence on female fashion at court also remained considerable.
Children with Louis XIV
The last years of Madame de Montespan's life were given up to a very severe penance.
Real sorrow over her death was felt by her three youngest children.
She died on 27 May 1707 at the age of sixty-five while taking the waters at Bourbon-l'Archambault in order to try to heal an illness.
The king refused to let her children to wear mourning for her.
Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas.
It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters.
These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians".
After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous with the people of Kansas.
Today a Jayhawk is typically a student, fan, or alumnus of the University of Kansas. "
Jayhawk" is also the name of their mascot, a mythical bird with a history based on the Bleeding Kansas era term.
The term was adopted as a nickname by a group of emigrants traveling to California in 1849.
The origin of the term may go back as far as the Revolutionary War, when it was reportedly used to describe a group associated with American patriot John Jay.
About 1858 the slang term "jayhawking" became widely used as a synonym for stealing.
It was also used at the same time during the Kansas territorial period.
The term came to be used to describe militant bands nominally associated with the free-state cause.
Another historian of the time described the jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery.
They fought "Border Ruffians" raiding into Kansas.
In Missouri, "Jayhawker" was a derogatory term for Kansans who raided into Missouri, murdered slave owners, burned and looted their property in the name of freeing slaves.
Notorious Jayhawkers
James Henry Lane , moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1855.
Despite being a Democrat he became affiliated with the Free-Staters.
He soon became one of the leaders of the Jayhawkers.
Later a Union General and U.S. Senator, he led the 3rd and 4th Kansas Volunteer Infantry and 5th Kansas Cavalry on raids into Missouri.
They burned most of the town of Osceola, Missouri, stole everything they could and freed the slaves in the town.
Charles R. Jennison was the leader of the "Independent Mounted Kansas Jayhawkers", also known as the 7th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, was another who led raids into Missouri.
The regiment was officially termed the 7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, but was popularly known as Jennison's Jayhawkers.
In 1890, the football team of the University of Kansas called themselves the "Jayhawkers".
Later it was shortened to "Jayhawk".
They became synonymous with their mascot, a mythical bird called the Jayhawk.
Their connections to the Jayhawkers of the Bleeding Kansas era and Civil War are a part of their history.
In ancient times it was known as Pisaurus, as it flows into the Adriatic Sea at Pisaurum (modern Pesaro), the last important trading centre along the river.
It was also known as the Isaurus; word that is kept in the name of the comune Belforte all'Isauro.
The Foglia river has a length of about .
Its first  are in Tuscany.
The sources of the Foglia is are in the province of Arezzo (Tuscany), near Sasso Aguzzo, a hill between the  comuni of Sestino and Badia Tedalda, at an altitude of about .
Then it flows east trough the comuni Sestino,  Piandimeleto, Lunano, Sassocorvaro (where a dam forms an artificial lake called Lake of Mercatale), Auditore, Montecalvo in Foglia, Vallefoglia, Montelabbate and, near the mouth, Pesaro.
Two comuni have, in their names, the name of the riverː Montecalvo in Foglia and Vallefoglia.
Hermiswil was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the municipality of Seeberg.
Altbüron is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Entlebuch is a municipality of the Swiss canton of Lucerne.
It is the capital of the district Entlebuch.
Doppleschwand is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the Swiss canton of Lucerne.
Former municipalities of Lucerne
Elle King (born July 3, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and actress.
Her musical style is country, rock and soul.
In 2012, she released her first EP, The Elle King EP.
On February 17, 2015, she released her first album, Love Stuff.
The album produced the top 10 song "Ex's & Oh's".
Serravalle is a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
It was created on 1 April 2012 when the former municipalities of Malvaglia, Semione and Ludiano merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.
2012 establishments in Switzerland
Flühli is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Official website of Flühli
Official website of Herzogenbuchsee
Official website of Hilterfingen
The 2015–16 Superleague Greece was the 80th season of top division football in Greece.
The season started on 22 August 2015 and ended in May 2016.
Olympiacos won their sixth consecutive title and 43rd overall.
UEFA play-offs
* Source
He served one term in the United States House of Representatives for Illinois' .
He served from January 2011 through January 2013, after defeating three-term incumbent Democratic Representative Melissa Bean by a margin of 291 votes in a surprising upset.
Walsh was defeated by retired U.S. Army Lt.
Colonel Tammy Duckworth in the general election on November 6, 2012.
He now hosts a conservative radio show on WIND-AM 560.
On August 25, 2019, Walsh announced his candidacy for President of the United States against President Donald Trump for the Republican nomination in 2020.
He stated that Trump's behavior in office motivated him to declare his candidacy.
He ended his campaign on February 9, 2020.
The Joe Walsh Show official site
Joe Walsh for U.S. Congress
Fotbal Club Rapid București is a Romanian association football club from Bucharest, Romania.
It was founded in 1923 by a group of workers.
Rapid won the Romanian championship three times (1967, 1999 and 2003) and the Romanian Cup 13 times.
In the 2015–16 season, they were promoted to Liga I.
Winners (3): 1966–67, 1998–99, 2002–03
Runners-up (14): 1936–37, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1950, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1997–98, 1999–00, 2005–06
Winners (6): 1952, 1955, 1974–75, 1982–83, 1989–90, 2015–16
Runners-up (3): 1979–80, 1981–82, 2013–14
Winners (1): 1942
Winners (13): 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1941–42, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2006–07
Runners-up (6): 1960–61, 1961–62, 1967–68, 1994–95, 1998–99, 2011–12
Winners (4): 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007
Runners-up (2): 1998, 2006
Official website of the club
Fotbal Club Dinamo București (Usually just called Dinamo) is a Romanian association football club from Bucharest, Romania.
The team is one of the most successful clubs in Romania, having won 18 Romanian Liga I titles, 13 Romanian Cups and 2 Supercupa României.
They reached the semi-finals of the 1983–84 European Cup, only to be defeated by Liverpool 3–1.
The club was founded in 1948, and is one of the few to stay in the Liga I for it's entire history.
The team's traditional home colours are white and red.
Also, the club's biggest rival is Steaua Bucuresti.
Romanian League Championship: (18)
Winners: 1955, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1999–00, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2006–07
Runners-up (20): 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2004–05
Romanian Cup: (13)
Winners: 1958–59, 1963–64, 1967–68, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2011–12
Runners-up (10): 1954, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2015–16
Romanian Super Cup: (2)
Winners: 2005, 2012
Runners-up (4): 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007
Online Tickets
FCD.ro
Fan Club Dinamo Bucuresti
FCDinamo.net
Dinamo Mania
Ultras Tei
The history of Dinamo Bucharest
Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj ('CFR' stands for Căile Ferate Române, meaning Romanian Railways) is a Romanian association football club from Cluj-Napoca in Transylvania, Romania.
The club spent most of its history in the lower divisions.
Great financial gains in 2002 led them to reach the Liga I in 2004.
The following season, the CFR Cluj took part in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and finished as runners-up.
For the first time in their history, the club won the Liga I in 2008.
That season, they took the title away from the teams of Bucharest for the first time in 17 years.
Since 2004, they have won the Liga I 3 times, the Romanian Cup 3 times and the Romanian Supercup twice.
Winners (3): 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12
Winners (2): 1968–69, 2003–04
Runners-up (1): 1977–78
Winners (7): 1946–47, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1995–96, 2001–02
Runners-up (3): 1936–37, 1958–59, 1987–88
Winners (4): 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10,  2015–16
Winners (2): 2009, 2010
Runners-up (1): 2012
The 2016–17 Liga I was the 99th season of Liga I, which is the top division football league in Romania.
The season began on 23 July 2016 and ended in May 2017.
Viitorul Constanța won the tournament.
* Rapid București, CFR Cluj and Târgu Mureș were all subtracted points for failing to comply with licensing requirements.
Championship round
Relegation round
2017 in sports
The Cupa României (English: Romanian Cup) is an association football club tournament for Romanian teams.
It has been held annually since 1933–34, except during World War II.
All teams connected to the Romanian Football Federation can perform in the tournament.
The winner of the cup is granted a place in the play-off round of the UEFA Europa League.
The county phase begins the tournament and is organized by the county football associations.
Forty-two teams (one from each county) advance to the next phase.
First round – 140 teams (42 teams qualified from the county phase and 98 Liga III teams)
Second round – 80 teams (70 winners from the first round and the remaining 10 Liga III teams)
Third round – 40 teams (winners from the second round)
Fourth round – 56 teams (20 winners from the third round and all 36 Liga II teams)
Round of 32 – (14 winners from the fifth round and all 18 Liga I teams)
Round of 16 (winners from the Round of 32)
The Romanian Cup on the FRF's official site
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Studențesc Iași (previously called CSMS Iași) is a professional association football club from Iaşi, Romania.
The club was founded in 2010 and currently plays in the Liga I. The team's colours are blue and white.
On August 2010, Tricolorul Breaza merged with Navoby Iași and formed ACSMU Politehnica Iași.
Ionuț Popa was appointed manager and Grigore Sichitiu as executive president.
In the summer of 2011 the club was renamed to Clubul Sportiv Municipal Studenţesc Iași.
Winners (2): 2011–12, 2013–14
CS Municipal Studenţesc Iaşi official website
CS Municipal Studenţesc Iaşi at Soccerway.com
Hasle is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Habschwanden
Heiligkreuz
Fotbal Club Astra Giurgiu (Usually called Astra Giurgiu or just Astra) is a professional association football club from Giurgiu, Romania.
They currently play in the Liga I.
The club was formed in 1921 in Ploiești (a city about 116 km north of Giurgiu), as Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română.
In 1990, the club was taken over by businessman Ioan Niculae and has since improved.
In September 2012, the team was moved from Ploiești to Giurgiu.
The team won their first Liga I title in 2015–16.
They also won 1 Cupa României and 1 Supercupa României.
The colours of the club are white and black, which is why their nickname Dracii Negri (The Black Devils).
The club has also had many names.
These include: Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română (1921–1934), Astra Română Câmpina (1934–1937), Astra Română Ploiești (1937–1938), Colombia Ploiești (1938–1945), Astra Română Ploiești (1945–1959), Rafinorul Ploiești (1959–1990), CS Astra Ploiești (1990–1996), AS Danubiana Ploiești (1996–1998), SC FC Astra Ploiești (1998–2005), CSM Ploiești (2005–2007), FC Ploiești (2007–2009) and FC Astra Ploiești (2009–2012).
Runners-up (1): 2008–09
Winners (1): 2007–08
Winners (1): 2013–14
Winners (1): 2014
Official Facebook profile
Club profile on UEFA's official website
Club profile on LPF's official website
Club profile on RomanianSoccer website
Club profile on Liga1 website
Official website of Escholzmatt-Marbach
Liga II (previously called Divizia B) is the second tier division association football league in Romania.
The winners of the league get promoted to the Liga I. The current champions are Rapid București and Gaz Metan Mediaș.
Liga II is made up of two regional leagues called Seria I and Seria II, each with 14 teams.
In order to avoid long and expensive travels,t he clubs are divided based on where they are in Romania.
Seria I usually has teams from the east, while Seria II has teams from the east.
Teams in the center of Romania can choose which regional league they want to play in.
Until the 2012–13 season Liga II had 2 groups of 16 teams each.
At the end of the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons the last five teams were relegated.
Fotbal Club Botoșani (usually just called FC Botoșani or Botoșani) is a professional Romanian association football club from Botoşani, Romania.
Since the 2016–17 season, they play in the Liga I. It is the first club from Botoşani County to be promoted to the top league.
The club was formed in 2001 as Fotbal Club Botoșani.
They started in the  started in Divizia C, Serie I. They quickly made it to the Liga I after finishing 1st in the 2012–13 Liga II season.
The club plays at the Stadionul Municipal, which has a capacity of around 12,000 people.
Supporter groups include the "Dark Hooligans", "Renegatii" and "BT Pride".
They have a historical rivalry with Rapid CFR Suceava, but have recently grown to be rivals with Municipal Studențesc Iași as well.
The club's colours are red, white and blue.
The home kit is usually white, while the away kit is generally blue.
Winners (1): 2003–04
FC Botoșani at Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal
The Stadionul Municipal is a multi-use stadium in Botoşani, Romania.
It is usually used for football matches with FC Botoșani (since 2001).
The stadium holds 12,000 people.
It was renovated in 2008, 2009 and 2013.
StadiumDB profile
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262 was adopted on March 27, 2014 by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea and entitled "Territorial integrity of Ukraine".
The non-binding resolution, which was supported by 100 United Nations member states, affirmed the General Assembly's commitment to the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders and underscored the invalidity of the 2014 Crimean referendum.
Eleven (11) nations voted against the resolution, while 58 abstained, and a further 24 states were absent when the vote took place.
The resolution was introduced by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine.
The adoption of the resolution was preceded by the unsuccessful attempts of the United Nations Security Council, that convened seven sessions to address the Crimean crisis, only to face Russian veto.
Complete text of the Resolution 68/262
Two teams were founded in Craiova in the year 1921: Craiovan Craiova and Rovine Griviţa Craiova.
These two clubs merged to form the very successful team, FC Craiova.
The team dissolved in 1949.
Finally in 1948, Universitatea Craiova was formed by a group of students and professors.
Since it's founding, the club has won 4 Liga I titles, 6 Cupa României titles, 2 Liga II titles and 1 Liga III title.
They also reached the quarter-finals of the 1981–82 UEFA Champions League tournament.
Winners (4): 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1990–91
Runners-up (4): 1972–73, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1993–94
Winners (7): 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1990–91, 1992–93, 2017–18
Runners-up (3): 1974–75, 1984–85, 1993–94
Winners (2):  1963–64, 2013–14
Runners-up (1): 1960–61
Winners (1): 1957–58
Villages in Lucerne
Azzedine Alaïa (; , ; 26 February 1935 – 18 November 2017) was a Tunisian haute couture fashion designer based in Paris.
Sandy Springs is a city in Fulton County, Georgia.
It is north of Atlanta.
Its population was estimated to be 109,452 in 2019.
In the history of the United States of America, a slave state was a U.S. state in which the practice of slavery was legal at a particular point in time.
A free state was one in which slavery was prohibited.
Slavery was an issue that divided the country.
It was one of the primary causes of the American Civil War.
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in every state and territory of the United States.
After that time the terms became more or less obsolete because all states were free of slavery.
Slavery was legal and practiced in each of the Thirteen Colonies.
Organized political and social movements to end slavery began in the mid-18th century.
The desire for freedom from Britain, expressed in the American Revolutionary War, caused many black Americans to join the revolution in hopes they would be freed also.
Others joined the British Army, encouraged by British promises of freedom in exchange for military service.
After the British lost the war, thousands were taken to Nova Scotia.
In the 1770s, blacks throughout New England began sending petitions to northern legislatures demanding freedom.
At the Constitutional Convention many slavery issues were debated and for a time slavery was a major obstacle to passage of the new constitution.
As a compromise the institution of slavery was acknowledged although never mentioned directly in the constitution.
An example is the Fugitive Slave Clause.
By 1789, five of the Northern states had policies that started to gradually abolish slavery: Pennsylvania (1780), New Hampshire and Massachusetts (1783), Connecticut and Rhode Island (1784).
Vermont abolished slavery in 1777, while it was still independent.
When it joined the United States as the 14th state in 1791, it was the first state to join that had no slavery.
By 1804 all of the northern states had abolished slavery or had plans in place to gradually reduce it.
There was 11 free states and 11 slave states.
Later came the civil war.
In the South, Kentucky was created as a slave state from a part of Virginia (1792).
Tennessee was created a slave state out of a part of North Carolina (1796).
By 1803, after Ohio had been admitted to the United States, there were nine free states and eight slave states.
The geographic divide between northern free states and southern slave states became the Mason–Dixon line.
In 1820, the Missouri Compromise extended the Mason–Dixon line westward as the official dividing line between free and slave states east of the Ohio River.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, passed just before the U.S. Constitution was ratified, prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
The southern boundary of the territory was the Ohio River.
This was regarded as a westward extension of the Mason–Dixon line.
The territory was generally settled by New Englanders and American Revolutionary War veterans who were granted land there.
The states created from the territory – Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Iowa (1846), Wisconsin (1848), and Minnesota (1858) – were all free states.
During the War of 1812, the British accepted all slaves who came into their hands as free.
This was without any conditions as to military service such as had been made in the Revolutionary War.
By the end of the War of 1812, the momentum for antislavery reform, state by state, appeared to lose momentum.
Half the states had already abolished Slavery, had prohibited it from the start or were in the process of eliminating slavery.
The other half were committed to preserving slavery within their borders.
At the federal level politicians were concerned over the balance of power in the United States.
Each state had two senators so if there were an equal number of states on both sides of the issue, nothing could be done on the federal level.
With an equal number of slave states and free states, the Senate was equally divided on issues important to the South.
Both the North and South were concerned over the western territories and whether new states would be admitted as free states or slave states.
Controversy over whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave state, resulted in the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
This specified that Louisiana Purchase territory north of latitude 36° 30', which described most of Missouri's southern boundary, would be organized as free states.
Territory south of that line would be reserved for organization as slave states.
As part of the compromise, the admission of Maine (1820) as a free state was secured to balance Missouri's admission as a slave state (1820).
The growing population in the industrialized North resulted in the House of Representatives having more free state votes than slavery votes.
To overcome this imbalance, in 1836 the House instituted a "gag rule" forbidding the House from considering any anti-slavery petitions.
It was repealed on December 3, 1844.
Texas and the Mexican Cession
The admission of Texas (1845) and the U.S. obtaining the vast new Mexican Cession territories (1848) after the Mexican–American War created further North-South conflict.
Although the settled portion of Texas was an area rich in cotton plantations and dependent on slavery, the territory acquired in the Mountain West did not seem hospitable to cotton or slavery.
As part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state (1850), without a slave state pair.
To avoid creating a free state majority in the Senate, California agreed to send one pro-slavery and one anti-slavery senator to Congress.
Last battles
The difficulty of identifying territory that could be organized into additional slave states stalled the process of opening the western territories to settlement.
Slave state politicians sought a solution, with efforts being made to acquire Cuba (see Ostend Manifesto, 1852) and to annex Nicaragua (see Walker affair, 1856–57).
Both were to be slave states.
In 1854, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was superseded by the Kansas–Nebraska Act.
This allowed white male settlers in the new territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory.
The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down.
This led to the conflict known as Bleeding Kansas.
An effort was attempted to organize Kansas for admission as a slave state.
It was to be paired with Minnesota as a free state.
But the admission of Kansas as a slave state was blocked because of questions over the legitimacy of its slave state constitution.
Anti-slavery settlers in Kansas in the 1850s were called Free-Soilers, because they fought (successfully) to include Kansas in the Union as a free state in 1861.
When the admission of Minnesota proceeded unimpeded in 1858, the balance in the Senate was lost.
Oregon was admitted in 1859 as a free state.
End of slavery
At the start of the Civil War, there were 34 states in the United States, 15 of which were slave states.
Of these, 11 slave states declared their secession from the United States to form the Confederacy.
The slave states that stayed in the Union were Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and Kentucky, and were referred to as the border states.
By the time the Emancipation Proclamation was made in 1863 Tennessee was already in Union control.
So the Proclamation applied only to the 10 remaining Confederate states.
Abolition of slavery also became a condition of the return of local rule in those states that had declared their secession.
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery throughout the United States on December 18, 1865, ending the distinction between slave and free states.
Romoos is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Official website of Hindelbank
The Province of Fermo () is a province in the Marche region of Italy.
Its capital is the city of Fermo.
Fermo has an area of , the smallest province of the Marche region.
The province is surrounded, by land, by two provinces of Marcheː the province of Macerata in the north and west and the province of Ascoli Piceno in the south; to the east is the Adriatic Sea on the east.
Chienti - 91 km long; its mouth is near Civitanova Marche.
Tenna - 70 km long; its mouth is near Porto Sant'Elpidio.
Ete Morto - 40 km long; it is a tributary of the Chienti river.
Ete Vivo 35 km long; its mouth is near Porto San Giorgio.
Aso - 63 km long; its mouth is near Pedaso.
The highest mountain in the province is Monte Priora,() in the Apennines; it is  high.
There are 174,849 persons living in the province (1 January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².
There are 40 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Altidona
Amandola
Belmonte Piceno
Campofilone
Falerone
Francavilla d'Ete
Grottazzolina
Lapedona
Magliano di Tenna
Massa Fermana
Monsampietro Morico
Montappone
Monte Giberto
Monte Rinaldo
Monte San Pietrangeli
Monte Urano
Monte Vidon Combatte
Monte Vidon Corrado
Montefalcone Appennino
Montefortino
Montegiorgio
Montegranaro
Monteleone di Fermo
Montelparo
Montottone
Moresco
Ortezzano
Pedaso
Petritoli
Ponzano di Fermo
Porto San Giorgio
Porto Sant'Elpidio
Rapagnano
Sant'Elpidio a Mare
Santa Vittoria in Matenano
Servigliano
Smerillo
Torre San Patrizio
The largest comune is Fermo, with  and the smallest is Pedaso, with .
The comune with fewest people living in it is Smerillo with 366 inhabitants.
The following is a list of the 40 comuni of the Province of Fermo, Marche, in Italy.
Bonaduz () is a municipality of the district Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
Jennifer Louise "Jenni" Williams is an activist from Zimbabwe.
She started the organization WOZA (Women of Zimbabwe Arise) to protest the Zimbabwe government.
In 2007 she received an International Women of Courage Award.
Willimas has an Irish grandfather and a Matabele grandmother.
When she was sixteen years old, she left school to take care of her brothers and sisters.
In 2003 Williams started WOZA to work for women's rights and government reform.
By 2009, she had been in prison more than 50 times.
International Women of Courage Award (2007)
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (2009)
Ginetta Sagan award (2012)
If Only I Could (Chinese: 十年…你还好吗？)
is a Singaporean drama television series.
It began its run from 31 May 2016.
It stars Rui En, Paige Chua, Andie Chen and Elvin Ng as the main characters.
Zhenhao is later diagnosed with breast cancer, and together with her former schoolmate and rival, Xiwen, who’s also seen her share of misfortune, the pair travel back in time to start their lives over and avoid all the mistakes they’ve made.
But the two long-suffering wives realise they’re worse off than before.
Rui En as Chen Zhenhao
Paige Chua as Huo Xiwen
Andie Chen as He Daxian
Elvin Ng as Huang Degang
Tracy Lee as Liu Kaiqin
Hong Huifang as Li Xiumei
Li Wenhai as Huo Zhiyong
Lin Meijiao as Ceng Wanjie
Rynn Lim as Lin Sen
Hayley Woo as He Xiaoqi
Youyi as Hui Ling
Sun Yi En as younger Wen Fang
Elvin Ng's first role as an antagonist.
Tracy Lee's first drama after her change to a per-project contract.
Clubul Sportiv Gaz Metan Mediaș is a professional association football club from Mediaș, Sibiu County, Romania.
They were founded in 1945 and currently play in the Liga I.
Their best performance in the Liga I was at 7th place in the 2010–11 Liga I. They have never won the Romanian cup, but got 2nd place in 1951.
They have won the Liga II 2 times and the Liga III 3 times.
The club has had many names: Karres Mediaș, CSM Mediaș, Zorile Rosii Mediaș, Gaz Metan Mediaș, Partizanul (1950–51), Flacara (1951–56), Energia (1956–58), Gaz Metan (1958–60), and CSM Mediaș (1960–1963).
Winners (2): 1999–00, 2015–16
Runners-up (5): 1946–47, 1952, 1954, 2004–05, 2007–08
Winners (3): 1972–73, 1976–77, 1992–93
Supporter website
lupiinegri.ro
Fan page Facebook
Fotbal Club Viitorul Constanța is a professional association football club from Ovidiu, Constanța County, Romania.
The club was founded in the summer of 2009 and began to play in the Liga III.
It was founded by famous Romanian footballer Gheorghe Hagi.
The club currently possesses the top youth facilities of any club in the country.
They won the Liga III in the 2009-10 season.
Also, their team colours are blue, white and black.
Winners (1): 2009-10
Schüpfheim is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
The Mason–Dixon line, also called Mason's and Dixon's line, originally determining the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania, was surveyed and marked between 1763 and 1767.
Two English surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, were hired by the Penn and Calvert families to settle a border dispute.
In 1760 the British crown, tired of the violence between the two colonies, demanded the dispute over the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania be settled according to an agreement made in 1732.
The line the two surveyors came up with was so accurate it is still considered a marvel.
GPS measurements show the line to be off by an inch (2.54 cm) or less in places and no more than  in others.
England's Secretary of State under James I of England was George Calvert.
When he decided to publicly announce he was a Catholic in 1625, English law required him to resign his position.
The king made him an Irish baronet with the title of "Lord Baltimore".
Calvert was one of the investors in the Virginia Company but was not allowed to go to the Virginia Colony because of his religion.
Now retired and with time on his hands, Calvert turned his attention to overseas plantations.
A wealthy man, Calvert started his own "Avalon" colony in Newfoundland.
But by 1629 Calvert lost interest.
He then convinced Charles I of England, James's successor, to give him a land grant to start the colony of Maryland.
The king gave Calvert and his son everything north of the Potomac River to the 40th parallel and everything from the Atlantic Ocean to the source of the Potomac.
The first Lord Calvert died in 1632.
His sons went on to found the Maryland colony.
On May 27th, 1634, Leonard Calvert with about 300 settlers arrived at St. Mary's City, Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay.
William Penn, a leading member of the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers, was one of those who was granted the colonial province of West New Jersey in 1677.
While colonists settled there, Penn remained in England.
Charles II of England owed Penn's father a large loan which at the elder Penn's death the king settled by granting Penn a large area of land "Sylvania" (Latin for woods) west and south of New Jersey.
Charles renamed it Pennsylvania in honor of Penn's father.
Perhaps Charles II was glad to have a place to send political outsiders like Penn that was far away from England.
Issued on March 4, 1681, the boundaries of Pennsylvania were:
The dispute
In 1682, an error in surveying placed Philadelphia inside the lands granted to Maryland.
The two charters had overlapped.
The Calvert family in Maryland demanded Philadelphia become a part of Maryland.
The Penn family defended the error and in 1729 established Lancaster County, Pennsylvania partly in defense of the error.
Maryland hired a ruffian named Thomas Cresap to force the issue.
He and his armed followers moved up the Susquehanna River from Havre de Grace, Maryland to the 40th parallel settling on the west bank of the river.
From there they began harassing their Pennsylvania neighbors.
They killed livestock and tore down fences.
In 1732 the hostilities quieted down when the two colonies reached an agreement.
But Lord Baltimore went back on the agreement two years later.
Cresap and his men resumed raiding farms and telling Pennsylvania Quakers that if they wanted it stopped they would pay the taxes they owed Maryland.
The closest the dispute ever came to being a "war" was on November 23, 1736.
A group of Scots-Irish men led by the Sheriff of Lancaster attacked Cresap's men.
The Maryland ruffians were defeated with one being killed.
Cresap was arrested and taken to Philadelphia.
He remained in prison until August 1737 when the King ordered his release.
He also ordered the two colonies to settle their dispute in the courts and not by fighting.
An English high court ruled in 1750, in favor of Pennsylvania.
The court stated that Maryland forfeited its charter rights when it agreed to the compromise in 1732.
The new border was now at 39 degrees, 43 minutes, 26.3 seconds, north latitude based on the survey by Mason and Dixon.
Slavery and the Mason-Dixon line
In 1781, Pennsylvania abolished slavery.
The original line became the rough dividing line between Southern slave states and Northern free states.
The exception was Deleware which remained a slave state up to the American Civil War.
Fifty years later the Missouri Compromise of 1820 established a line extending the Mason–Dixon line westward to the Ohio River.
Then following the border of Ohio to the mouth of the river at the Mississippi River, then westward along 36 degrees 30 minutes North.
The line began as a way to end a border dispute and became best known as the line separating slave and free states.
historical markers Mason-Dixon line; Google
Crownstone 40 stone dedication
Official website of the city of Huttwil
Son Heung-min (Hangul: 손흥민 [sʰon hɯŋmin]; born 8 July 1992) is a South Korean soccer player.
He is now in the English Premier League at Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. Son is a forward who plays both as a winger and a striker.
He played in the Bundesliga for Hamburger SV and Bayer Leverkusen.
Son is also a key player on the South Korean national team.
He played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Son was born on July 8th 1992 in Chuncheon, South Korea.
He was taught by his father, who was a football player.
He graduated Chuncheon Buan Elementary School.
Then he entered Chuncheon Hupyeong Middle School, butl he transferred to and graduated from Wonju Yukmingwan Middle School.
He entered Dongbuk High School, but quit to join Hamburger SV.
In 2008, Son joined the youth academy of Hamburger SV in the Bundesliga at the age of 16.
He signed a professional contract before the 2010-2011 season.
Son's first international competition was the 2011 AFC Asian Cup.
Later, he played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
A ring diacritic may appear above or below letters.
It may be used with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets.
Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents
Werthenstein is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Wolhusen is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the Lucerne canton of Switzerland.
Harpers Ferry Armory, more formally known as the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, was the second federal armory commissioned by the United States government.
It was located in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (then part of Virginia).
It was also called the "mother arsenal", a term coined in 1797 by the first Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert.
The first federal armory was the Springfield Armory located in Springfield, Massachusetts.
In many books the town is called “Harper’s Ferry” with an apostrophe.
The national armory has been associated with many historical events throughout the history of the United States.
In 1751, Robert Harper purchased  of land at "The Hole", a name at the time for the place where the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers meet.
He set up a ferry service for travelers who needed to cross the Shenandoah River.
In 1763, the Virginia General Assembly established the town of "Shenandoah Falls" at "Mr. Harper's Ferry."
Soon it just became known as Harpers Ferry.
The town grew and became a transportation hub as more new businesses came here.
The national armory
In 1794, the United States Congress passed a bill calling "for the erecting and repairing of Arsenals and Magazines".
President George Washington, given wide latitude in carrying out this order, selected Harpers Ferry, then a part of Virginia, for the location of the Harpers Ferry National Armory.
In 1796, the United States government purchased a  parcel of land from the heirs of Robert Harper.
In 1799, construction began on the national armory.
Three years later, mass production of military arms started.
When it opened, the armory's size seemed to be too small for its workforce.
It consisted of only one room.
There were 25 workers.
Nevertheless, the armory produced many muskets, rifles, and later pistols for the United States.
By 1810 the armory was producing about ten thousand weapons per year.
The building relied on river power to drive the armory's machinery.
Most of the guns for the 1804 Lewis and Clark Expedition were made at Harpers Ferry.
In 1811 the M1819 Hall rifle was designed by Captain John Hall.
In 1819 it was adopted by the U.S. Army and produced at Harpers Ferry.
Expansion and upgrades
The 1830s and 1840s saw a number of changes in the design of the basic musket produced at the armory.
More powerful gunpowder was developed and weapons changed from flintlock to percussion cap operation.
By 1855 the armory was producing rifled muskets by the thousands with ‘‘HARPERS FERRY’’ stamped on them.
The upgrades of the arsenal began in 1845-1854 with the construction of seven brand new workshops and the installation of 121 new machines.
The new workshops had a brick superstructure with iron framing and sheet metal roofing.
These reconstructed arsenal buildings became collectively known as the "U.S. Musket Factory".
The armory canal was enlarged so that more water could get to the armory, which meant it would receive more power.
In addition, more people were employed to work at the armory than before: the labor force increased from 25 in 1802 to about 400 workers in 1859.
The working conditions improved, but only slightly.
John Brown's Raid
In 1859, the armory became the site of the famous raid by abolitionist John Brown.
While unsuccessful in inciting a slave revolt, it did raise Southern fears and increased the tension between North and South prior to the American Civil War.
During the Civil War
On April 17, 1861, Virginia seceded from the Union.
At this point the arsenal became a prime military target.
the governor of Virginia planned to take the valuable armory for the South.
He knew that no Southern arsenal could match the quality of the arms being produced at Harpers Ferry.
He sent his militia to take the arsenal before the Union Army could send enough troops to hold it.
When the Virginia militia was four miles away, army Lieutenant Roger Jones sent an urgent message to Washington, DC explaining the danger they were in and to send them thousands of troops to defend Harpers Ferry.
When he received no reply he decided he had to act.
On the night of April 18, 1861, Jones ordered his men to set fire to the arsenal and the over 15,000 muskets and all the ammunition stored there.
Then they quickly retreated across the bridge to Maryland.
But the approaching Virginia militia put out the flames.
They were able to save 4,000 muskets and all the machinery.
The Confederates held the armory for the next three months.
During this time they transported the machinery to the Confederate armory at Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Then the Confederates set fire to the buildings when they retreated in July.
The armory was destroyed and never rebuilt.
The armory's location
In spite of the armory's strategic importance, it was nearly impossible to defend.
The town and arsenal were surrounded on sides by thousand-foot high cliffs.
To defend Harpers Ferry required the placement of artillery on all high points over the city.
Soldiers stationed at Harpers Ferry during the war described it as a “godforsaken, stinking hole”.
The location of Harpers Ferry proved to be a poor choice militarily.
After the Civil War, John Brown's Fort was the only building to survive the destruction by both the Confederates and the Union.
The building was named after John Brown for his notorious raid on the Harpers Ferry Armory in 1859.
The building was the armory's fire engine and guardhouse.
Harpers Ferry Armory Guns
Armory Quarters B, Harpers Ferry Vacation Rentals
Entlebuch is a district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
The capital is the municipality of Schüpfheim.
Hasle
Marbach
The sixth form is the final stage in British secondary schools.
This term is used in England, Northern Ireland, Wales and some other Commonwealth countries.
The sixth form (or 'Key Stage 5') is the final two years of secondary education (U.S. 'high school').
Students (typically between 16 and 18 years of age) prepare for their A-level (or equivalent) examinations.
The term sixth form college is used by schools which only take 16 to 19 year old for advanced school-level qualifications.
They may offer courses for the International Baccalaureate Diploma as well as Advanced level exams.
In Scotland, the final year of school is known as sixth year or S6.
Independent schools in Scotland often use the term "sixth form".
Official website of Innertkirchen
Gaultheria is a flowering plant genus in the  family Ericaceae.
Gaultheria has 135 species including the Salal, Gaultheria shallon.
Gaultheria are shrubs that are related to the blueberry.
Gaultheria is commonly called wintergreen.
The genus was described by Pehr Kalm.
Interlaken is a town and municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
It is an important and well-known tourist destination in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss Alps, and the main transport gateway to the mountains and lakes of that region.
In 2018, 5,610 people lived there.
Official Website of the municipality
Activities and webcams in the surrounding area
Léopold, Duke of Lorraine] (11 September 1679 – 27 March 1729) nicknamed the Good was the ruling Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1690 to his death.
He was named in honour of his uncle Holy Roman Emperor Leopold  I. He was also responsible for the creation of the Château de Lunéville which was used as the ducal residence during his lifetime.
Life as duke
He was in exile and Lorraine was occupied by France until 30 October 1697, when it was returned to Leopold; it was again occupied by France from 1702 to 1714, although the duke remained in place.
Following Leopold's death his wife would act as regenbt for their son Francis till he gained his majority.
Leopold married Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, a niece of Louis XIV of France.
The match was designed to improve relations between Lorraine and its larger and more powerful neighbour. (
Lorraine having been for many years in the possession of France)
Leopold and Élisabeth Charlotte was finally married on 13 October 1698 at the Palace of Fontainebleau, Élisabeth Charlotte was given a large dowry.
To everyones surprise, what had been expected to be an unhappy union turned out to be a marriage of love and happiness and the couple eventually had 13 children in total even though Leopold would often see his mistress the wife of Marc de Beauvau known as the "Princess of Craon".
In March 1729, Leopold caught a fever while walking at the Château at Ménil near Lunéville.
He returned to Lunéville where he died on 27 March, aged 49.
The following is a list of the 40 comuni of the Province of Macerata, Marche, in Italy.