the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
When a state uses taxes and government spending to influence the economy, this is known as fiscal policy in economics and political science.
Idea from John Maynard Keynes.
The state can influence the following parameters:
Aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
How resources are allocated
How wealth is distributed
There are two basic kinds of taxes: those on revenue, and those on economic activity, usually called excise taxes.
Lowering the excise taxation will lead to increased economic activity, for example.
Changes in welfare also have an impact on economic activity.
Certain schools of thought think that fiscal policy should not be used to influence the economy.
This is the case for Monetarism, which demands that keeping money at its value is the most important goal.
Intensity of preference, also known as intensity preference, is a term used to identify and describe what happens in a process which leads to consensus agreement or consensus ranking.
The phrase recognizes that decisions and decision-making involve intensity of feeling about a choice and the choice preference itself.
The concept of preference intensity has been criticized over the past sixty years because of the problems in measuring it.
The term is used in economics, politics, marketing and other areas.
Intensity of preference is a factor in an analysis of how individual choices develop into social choices.
Standard election procedures notoriously ignore differences in intensity of preferences.
For example, the intensity of preference is a one of many factors which are important in voting.
The term is a measure of an individual voter's (or group of voters') willingness to do something.
Intensity of preference focuses on the inconveniences involved in the act of officially registering a choice at a specific time and place, not the vote itself.
For example, the lines for voting in South Africa's 1994 election were very long.
The "intensity of preference" and the inconvenience of voting were factors in the election of Nelson Mandela.
Intensity Measures of Consumer Preferences
Bedchamber crisis is the name given to a number of events that happened in 1839, when the Whigs lost the election, and only had a minority rule.
As a consequence of the defeat, Lord Melbourne stepped down, and Robert Peel was given the task to form a new government.
The Bedchamber crisis relates to the behaviour of Queen Victoria, who was twenty years old, at the time.
The queen had a close relationship with the prime minister, and also listened to him, when it came to choosing Ladies-in-waiting.
As a result, most ladies in waiting were the wives or relatives of leading Whig politicians.
Peel, who was a Tory, asked the queen to re-elect the ladies, so that their allegiance to parties would be more neutral.
This would have meant that some of the ladies would have to be replaced.
Victoria saw the ladies as friends, and therefore refused.
In addition, the queen had little sympathy for Peel.
Given the circumstances, Peel refused the task to form a new government.
Lord Ashley, who was to become  Lord Shaftsbury was offered the post of prime minister, but he also refused.
As a result, the Whigs and Lord Melbourne stayed in power.
The refusal of the queen to replace some of the ladies in waiting was met with criticism.
Lauri Kristian Relander (May 1883 - February 1942) was the second president of Finland, from 1925 to 1931.
He travelled to other countries a lot compared to other presidents.
Relander's education was Doctor of Philosophy and agronomist.
Relander was born in Kurkijoki.
His wife was Signe Östermanin (1886–1962).
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (28 January 1865 – 22 September 1952) was Finland's first president, from 1919 to 1925.
He was born in Suomussalmi and was third from five children in the family.
His first wife was Hedvig Wåhlberg.
In 1920 he married Ester Elfving.
President Juho Kusti Paasikivi gave great value to Ståhlberg.
He said: "Ståhlberg was a man who never made mistakes".
Vicki Escarra is an American director of welfare organizations.
She was the CEO of Feeding America and is leading Opportunity International since 2012.
Escarra was born around 1955 in Decatur in Georgia.
She obtained a bachelor degree in psychology at Georgia State University.
Furthermore, she completed the Executive Management Program at Columbia University and the Executive Leadership Program at Harvard University.
Since 1973 she worked for Delta Air Lines.
Here her career rose, and finally she became the director of the customer service.
At that moment she directed over 52,000 employees.
In 2002 she was honored with the YWCA Women of Achievement Award.
Since 2003 she was a member of the board of the banking firm A. G. Edwards, and also of several other boards like for the Association of Professional Women and the Committee of 200.
From 2004 to 2006 she worked as a chairman of the Atlanta Convention & Visitors Bureau.
From 2006 to 2012 she was director of Feeding America, an organization behind two hundred food banks in the United States and Puerto Rico with programs like soup kitchens and shelters.
The organization feeds tens of millions of Americans that do not have enough food to buy themselves.
For her work for Feeding America she was honored in 2009 with a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from want.
The Wingate Institute () is a sports training academy in Israel.
It was established in 1957.
The institute is named after Orde Wingate, who was a British general in the Mandate of Palestine.
The Wingate Campus includes schools and local organizations of sport.
The Wingate Institute is located in Netanya and has a supplementary compound in Tel Aviv, the National Sport Center, that includes many headquarters of Israeli sport organizations.
The Finnish markka, also known as the Suomen markka, or simply markka, was the currency in Finland before Finland started to use Euro.
Markka's abbreviation was mk and internationally FIM.
There were 100 pennies,  (penni, p), to each markka.
There were also coupons.
The National Sport Center is a complex of sports venues and sport administration buildings in Tel Aviv, Israel.
It includes the Olympic Committee of Israel building.
The center is located in the Western edge of the Yarkon Park near to the Ramat Gan Stadium.
It is a supplementary compound to the Wingate Institute in Netanya.
The National Sport Center was established in 1978 when a several tennis courts were built close to Yarkon Park.
In 1980, the building of the Olympic Committee of Israel and the national athletics stadium were built nearby.
National Sport Center – Tel Aviv (Hebrew)
the Olympic Committee of Israel
1978 establishments in Asia
Närpes () is a town in western Finland.
There were 9,399 people living there on 31 August 2012.
It is next to the municipalities of Kaskinen, Korsnäs, Kristinestad, Kurikka, Malax and Teuva.
About 85% of the people speak Swedish.
Lappeenranta is a town in eastern Finland.
There were 72,289 people living there on 31 August 2012.
It is next to the municipalities of Imatra, Lemi, Luumäki, Miehikkälä, Ruokolahti and Taipalsaari.
The former municipality of Joutseno was merged with Lappeenranta in 2009.
The former municipality of Ylämaa was merged with Lappeenranta in 2010.
Lappeenrannan kaupunki
Shinyei Nakamine (January 21, 1920-June 2, 1944) was a United States Army soldier.
Nakamine was born in Hawaii to Japanese immigrant parents.
Nakamine volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.
For his actions in June 1944, Nakamine  was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).
Nakamine's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Nakamine's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in central Italy in 1944.
Without help from others, he destroyed a machine gun nest and led attacks on two other machine gun nests.
Private Shinyei Nakamine distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944, near La Torreto, Italy.
During an attack, Private Nakamine’s platoon became pinned down by intense machine gun crossfire from a small knoll 200 yards to the front.
On his own initiative, Private Nakamine crawled toward one of the hostile weapons.
Reaching a point 25 yards from the enemy, he charged the machine gun nest, firing his submachine gun, and killed three enemy soldiers and captured two.
Later that afternoon, Private Nakamine discovered an enemy soldier on the right flank of his platoon’s position.
Crawling 25 yards from his position, Private Nakamine opened fire and killed the soldier.
Then, seeing a machine gun nest to his front approximately 75 yards away, he returned to his platoon and led an automatic rifle team toward the enemy.
Under covering fire from his team, Private Nakamine crawled to a point 25 yards from the nest and threw hand grenades at the enemy soldiers, wounding one and capturing four.
Spotting another machine gun nest 100 yards to his right flank, he led the automatic rifle team toward the hostile position but was killed by a burst of machine gun fire.
Private Nakamine’s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
The National Building Museum is a museum in Washington D.C. dedicated to architecture, landscaping, urban design, urban planning, industrial design, and the history of buildings in the United States.
The museum host exhibitions of architectural styles and organizes tours for visitors and activities for children and families.
The museum was established in 1969 by architect Beverly Willis and moved to an old building that was the Interior of the Pension Office in 1980.
National Park Service - National Historic Landmarks Program - Pension Building listing
General Services Administration page on the Pension Building (National Building Museum)
Gonville and Caius College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It is often called Caius (said keys) by the students.
It was created in 1348 by Edmund Gonville who gave money to build it.
In 1557 John Caius, a doctor, left some more money after studying at the college.
The modern name comes from these two people.
It now has about 700 students.
Being old, the college has kept many traditions.
For example, there is a formal dinner every night.
Also, when students go home for holiday they need to get an official permission from a Fellow (teacher) to leave.
Some very famous people have studied at this College.
Twelve of them have won a Nobel Prize:
1932 Sir Charles Sherrington – neurophysiologist (student and fellow)
1935 Sir James Chadwick – physicist, discovery of the neutron (student, fellow, and master)
1945 Sir Howard Florey – co-discovery of penicillin (fellow)
1954 Max Born – physicist
1962 Francis Crick – discovery of the structure of DNA (PhD student and honorary fellow)
1972 Sir John Hicks – economist (fellow)
1974 Antony Hewish – astronomer (student and fellow)
1976 Milton Friedman – economist (visiting fellow)
1977 Sir Nevill Mott – theoretical physicist (fellow and Master)
1984 Sir Richard Stone – economist
2001 Joseph Stiglitz – economist (fellow)
2008 Roger Tsien – chemist (fellow)
Imatra is a town in southeast Finland.
There were 28,363 people living there on 31 August 2012.
It is next to the municipalities of Lappeenranta and Ruokolahti.
Imatra's website
Iisalmi is a town in southeast Finland.
There were 22,153 people living there on 31 August 2012.
It is next to the municipalities of Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Maaninka, Pielavesi, Sonkajärvi and Vieremä.
Tauno Räisänen: Iisalmen kauppalan ja kaupungin historia 1860–1930, Kuopio 1959.
Anja Tsokkinen: Iisalmen kaupungin historia 1930–1969, 1996, .
Matti Klinge: Iisalmen ruhtinaskunta, 2006, .
Homerton College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
Its name comes from the area of Homerton in London.
It was first formed there in 1850 from a group of students who wanted to change the way pedagogy (how people teach) was studied.
They moved to Cambridge in 1894, but the college only became part of the University in 1976.
Only in 2010 it was given the full status.
Homerton College is the biggest in Cambridge: it has 1200 students.
Many of them study Education because the department is there.
The college is not in the city centre of Cambridge but on Hills Road.
Hughes Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It only takes students who are more than 21 years old (mature students).
They can be undergraduates or postgraduates.
It opened in 1885 and was only for women at the start.
The first men came in 1973.
It takes its name from the first Principal (head of the college), Elizabeth Phillips Hughes.
Today, Hughes Hall has about 400 students.
It has the tradition of trying to mix students and Fellows (teachers) at social events, such as dinners where there is no separate table for Fellows.
The population of Charlottetown was 34,562 in 2011.
The mayor of Charlottetown is Clifford J. Lee.
The French were the first European settlers in the area and they founded a settlement in 1720 named Port La Joye.
British forces built Fort Amherst near the site of the abandoned Port La Joye settlement after they took control of the settlement and the rest of the island during the height of the French and Indian War.
The town is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of the United Kingdom.
Cities in Prince Edward Island
Pepsi Music 2004: Britney Exclusive (also known as: Pepsi Music 2004 or Pepsi: Dare for More Music 2004) is an EP .
The CD included a special version of "We Will Rock You", which has been used in Pepsi TV advert.
This version was performed by Britney Spears, P!nk and Beyoncé.
Enrique Iglesias played a part an evil emperor.
Front coverBack cover Cd
The population of Summerside was 14,751 in 2011.
The mayor of Summerside is Basil Stewart.
Summerside was incorporated as a town on April 1, 1877, and as a city on April 1, 1995.
The largest employer in the city is the Canada Revenue Agency.
The city was home to CFB Summerside, an air force base located in the city, but that has since closed.
The city is the only municipality in North America that owns its own electric utility and provides its residents with 46% of their energy consumption through green wind energy.
The city is home to the Summerside Storm which play in the National Basketball League of Canada.
The former post office that is located on Summer Street is a National Historic Site of Canada.
Peter Travers is an American movie critic.
He works for Rolling Stone and People.
He is known for listing movies or directors in the "Top Ten List" which includes Martin Scorsese, David Lynch, Paul Thomas Anderson, Clint Eastwood, Christopher Nolan, Joel and Ethan Coen, and Ang Lee.
The Travers Take  at Rolling Stone
Movie Reviews  at Rolling Stone
Peter Travers  at Rotten Tomatoes
Popcorn with Peter Travers on ABC News
Anthony Oliver Scott (born July 10, 1966) is an American journalist and movie critic.
He is the manager of all movie critics for The New York Times.
His great-uncle is American actor Eli Wallach.
Scott was born on July 10, 1966 in Northampton, Massachusetts.
Scott studied at the Classical High School, at Johns Hopkins University, and at Harvard University.
He now lives in Brooklyn, New York.
A. O. Scott: New York Times articles
A. O. Scott: New York Times movie reviews
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, usually known as P. E. Svinhufvud, (1861 - 1944) was Finland's third president.
He married Ellen Timgren and they had six children.
His nickname was Ukko-Pekka.
That's why name Pekka became more popular.
Karachi South District () is in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.
The 11th century BC started the first day of 1100 BC and ended the last day of 1001 BC.
The events below may have happened in this century.
1089 BC: Melanthus, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 37 years.
1069 BC: Ramses XI dies, ending the Twentieth Dynasty.
1068 BC: Codrus, legendary King of Athens, dies in battle against Dorian invaders.
1050 BC: Philistines capture the Ark of the Covenant from Israel in battle. (
Approximate date)
1048 BC: Medon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years.
1046 BC: King Wu of Zhou becomes first king of the Zhou Dynasty.
1042 BC: King Cheng of Zhou succeeds King Wu as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in China,
1039 BC: Neferkare Amenemnisu, king of Egypt, dies.
c. 1020 BC: Destruction of Troy VIIb2.
1026 BC: Saul becomes the first king of the Israelites.
1020 BC: King Kang of Zhou succeeds King Cheng as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in China.
1012 BC: Acastus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 36 years.
1003 BC: David succeeds Saul.
1000s BC: Earliest evidence of farming in the Kenya highlands.
c. 1000 BC: Latins come to Italy from the Danube region.
1000s BC: Phoenician alphabet invented.
The first half of the millennium saw a lot of activity by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and Babylonia.
The alphabet develops.
Indo-Iranian migration onto the Iranian plateau and onto the Indian subcontinent saw the creation and use of the chariot.
Chariot warfare and population movements lead to violent changes at the center of the millennium.
New order emerges with Greek control of the Aegean and the rise of the Hittite Empire.
The end of the millennium sees the start of the Iron Age.
World population begins to rise steadily.
By 1000 BC, the population of the world reached nearly 50 million.
This was a period of time in which the desire to conquer was common.
Expansion occurred throughout the Middle East and throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European expansion to Anatolia, Europe and Central Asia.
World population is estimated to have doubled in the course of the millennium to 30 million people.
Highland dancing is a traditional dance which comes from Scotland.
Highland dancers need a lot of stamina and strength as they need a good sense of aesthetics.
They execute the traditional dance in solo to the sound of the great highland bagpipe.
The highland dances are very precise and need a lot of coordination.
There are many competitions for highland dancing organized around the world, mainly in Scotland, United States, Canada and Australia.
Competition judging
Timing: First, dancers have to follow the rhythm of the music.
Technique: Secondly, they have to execute the step correctly; the position of the feet, arms and head have to be done precisely.
Posture: Finally, they are evaluating on their interpretation of the dance.
They have to get a good appearance and have to smile like the dance is very easy and natural.
Highland dances
The Highland fling is traditionally a four or six steps dance performed after a victory in a battle.
The sword dance is performed around a crossed sword on the bagpipes song Ghillie Calum.
It starts with two or more slow steps and ends with one or two quick steps.
The aim of the dance is not to displace the sword.
The Sean Triubhas is a dance that represents a person who lost his pants.
In fact, at one time, Scottish could not wear the kilt and was only allowed to wear pants.
In 1747, the British law abolished this old law and gave back to Scottish the right to wear their kilt.
So in the first part, the dancers mimic a Scottish trying to put on his pants and in the last part, they mimic one who is getting back his right to wear the kilt and his customs.
The Irish jig is a parody of Irish dancing and is performed with red, black or green hard shoes.
An angry house wife, because her husband has taken some money to go to the pub, is waiting him at the halt.
Woman wear a kilt, a kilt jacket (with or without sleeves), a blouse, ghilies and kilt socks.
Men wear a kilt with a sporran, a white shirt with a thin tie, a dark jacket, green or black hose and ghilies shoes.
These are only for certain dances (fling, sean triubhas, barracks johnnies, tulloch/half tulloch and highland laddie) There is seperate costumes for other dances, for the flora, scotch measure, lilt and a few others the outfit is called and aboyne.
The hornpipe and jig have separate outfits too.
Paulina Porizkova (born 9 April 1965 in the Czech Republic) is a Czech-American model and actress.
At age eighteen, became the first female from Central Europe to be shown on the cover of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue.
She was the second female (following Christie Brinkley) to be shown on the cover of the Sports Illustrated multiple times.
She has acted in movies and in television shows, including Desperate Housewives.
"Rich Girl" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love.
Produced by Dr. Dre, the track features American rapper Eve.
It is the second time that both Stefani and Eve had done a song together, "Rich Girl" also samples both "Rich Girl" reggae girl group Louchie Lou & Michie One and "If I Were a Rich Man" a song from Fiddler on the Roof.
"Rich Girl" (album version featuring Eve) – 3:56
"What You Waiting For?" (
live) – 3:52
UK and European CD maxi single
"Harajuku Girls" (live) – 4:36
"Rich Girl" (video) – 4:03
US 12" single
A1. "
Rich Girl" (Get Rich Mix) – 4:07
Rich Girl" (Get Rich Instrumental) – 4:07
B1. "
Rich Girl" (Get Rich Quick Mix) – 3:47
B2. "
Rich Girl" (Get Rich Quick Instrumental) – 4:07
B3. "
Rich Girl" (Acappella) – 3:57
Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
Mark Batson – keyboard bass, keyboards, songwriting
Greg Collins – recording
Kara DioGuardi – songwriting
Dr. Dre – mixing, production, songwriting
Mike Elizondo – guitar, keyboards, songwriting
Eve – rap, songwriting
Francis Forde – assistant engineering
Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
Mauricio "Veto" Iragorri – recording
Rouble Kapoor – assistant engineering
Chantal Kreviazuk – songwriting
Jaime Sickora – assistant engineering
Brad Winslow – assistant engineering
The Jerry Springer Show is an Americans tabloid talk show.
It is hosted by Jerry Springer.
It is broadcasted around the world.
It is taped in Stamford, Connecticut.
The show focuses on family dysfunction, secrecy and infidelity.
It began September 30, 1991.
It has been controversial for certain subjects.
Merostomata is a name given to the now extinct sea scorpions (Eurypterida) and the horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura).
There are four known species of horsehoe crabs still alive.
James Dwight Dana introduced the name to refer to the horseshoe crabs only.
Henry Woodward later extended it to refer to both taxa.
A jack is a tool that is used to lift part of a car off the ground.
It is used when changing a wheel or tyre.
Pielinen in art
Syysmaisema Pielisjärveltä (1899) is one of Eero Järnefelt's best known paintings, and was also used on a postage stamp.
Karachi East District () is in the Karachi Division of Sindh province of Pakistan.
Lake Inari ( or Inari) is the third largest lake in Finland's Lapland.
The deepest point is .
There are over 3,000 islands in the lake.
The biggest islands are Kaamassaari, Mahlatti, Viimassaari and Roiro.
Oulujärvi ("Kainuun meri") is the fifth biggest lake in Finland.
Its biggest island is Manamansalo.
Other islands are Hevossaari, Iso-Kaattari, Honkinen, Kaarresalo, Karhusaari, Koljolansaari, Kuostonsaari, Käkisaari (toiseksi suurin), Manamansalo, Mulkkusaaret, Reimiluoto, Tevä, Toukka, Uupunut, and Ykspisto ja Ärjä.
Kemijoki is the longest river in Finland.
It flows to the Gulf of Bothnia.
Rivers of Finland
Kymijoki is a river in Finland.
It flows through the regions Päijänne Tavastia, Kymenlaakso and Uusimaa.
There are many hydroelectric power plants on the river.
In the past, the river was an important way to transport wood.
Siikajoki (river) is a river in Finland.
It flows to Bothnian Bay.
Päijänne is the second largest lake in Finland.
It is between the regions of Central Finland and Päijänne Tavastia.
Päijänne flows into the Gulf of Finland through the river Kymijoki.
The quality of the water is good.
It improves south of Jämsä.
In the southern part of Päijänne is Päijänne National Park.
This was established in 1993.
The park covers about 50 islands.
The park is next to the municipalities of Padasjoki, Asikkala and Sysmä.
It covers Kelvenne island, which is 8 km long and 50-800 meters wide.
The bays in the national park are popular places for boating.
Päijänne National Park page, Finnish
Näsijärvi is a lake in Finland.
Near Näsijärvi are Tampere, Ylöjärvi and Kuru.
Höytiäinen is a lake in Finland.
The biggest island is Teerisaari.
In 1950, there were 118 people living at the lake.
Near Näsijärvi are Juuka, Kontiolahti and Polvijärvi.
Kallavesi is a lake in Finland.
The average depth is .
Kallavesi is close to the city of Kuopio.
Lake Keitele is a lake in Finland.
It covers almost .
The quality of the water is very good.
Lake Keitele is close to Äänekoski, Viitasaari and municipalities Konnevesi and Vesanto.
Jääsjärvi is a large lake in Finland.
It has many islands.
The largest ones are Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, Kotisalo, Ohrasaari, Urrionsaari and Nautsalo.
Municipalities near Jääsjärvi are Joutsa and Hartola.
Jääsjärvi flows from the southwestern part via Tainionvirta and into several smaller lakes to Päijänne.
Keiko (c. 1976 – December 12, 2003) was a killer whale who played "Willy" in the movie Free Willy in 1993.
He was a world-famous whale.
He died of pneumonia in 2003.
A Karelian pasty, also called a Karelian pie or Karelian pirog, known in Finnish as karjalanpiirakka, is a traditional Finnish cookie, where inside a thin rye layer is rice pudding, pearl barley pudding, or mashed potatoes.
It is often served with a spread made of butter and hard boiled eggs.
There are annual baking competitions such as the one at Rääkkylä's Kihaus.
Juttuverkko-lehti: Karjalanpiirakka - suomalainen herkku (mm.
historiaa ja resepti)  (history and receipe Finnish)
Finnish food
Pasquale J. "Pat" D'Amuro is an American television analyst  and former intelligence agent.
He is an expert on terrorism.
D'Amuro is a former Director of FBI in New York.
He worked for the FBI for 26 years.
After the FBI, he went to work for Giuliani Security & Safety, a New York security consulting company.
D'Amuro grew up in upstate New York.
He earned his Bachelor's degree in Business at the Niagara University.
He bagan working for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in May 1979.
While working for the FBI, D'Amuro learn much about bank robberies, fraud, organized crime, drug trafficing and similar crimes.
After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, he focused his research on terrorist attacks.
After this,  he was involved with the research of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya, the 2000 USS Cole bombing in Aden, Yemen, and the attacks on September 11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon.
Over time, he became a leading expert on al-Qaeda.
After the attacks of September 11, D'Amuro became the assistant director of the counterterrorism division of the FBI.
He made changes  that led to better exchange of information between the FBI, CIA, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense.
He is also responsible for the creation of the Terrorism Watch List.
It is a combination of the information of many different agencies.
In August 2003, he became director of the FBI office in New York.
It is the largest FBI office.
At this time, he held the third highest position in the FBI.
At this time, he began giving public lectures often on the changes that had been made at the FBI since September 11.
In March 2005, he left the FBI after a service of 26 years.
After leaving the FBI, he became director of Nine Thirty Capital Management and chairman of the board of Giuliani Security & Safety.
In March 2006 he became a commissary of Mercy College.
In April 2008, he became the director of American Defense Systems.
D'Amuro has been given several awards.
These include the Presidential Rank Award of the FBI.
In 2004, he was given an honorary doctorate in law from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York.
In 2009, D'Amuro got a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from fear.
Bloomberg Businessweek (November 17, 2012) biography
Government Executive (April 15, 2003) biography
Karachi Central District () is in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Karachi West District () is in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.
The Goa liberation movement was a political struggle for the independence of Goa during the 20th century.
The city had been under the colonial rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years.
In 1960, India invaded and annexed the territory.
Sunamganj (, ) is a district in north-eastern Bangladesh.
It is part of the Sylhet Division.
Moulvibazar (, Moulvibazar Zila) is a district of the Sylhet Division in Bangladesh.
Habiganj ( ) is a district in northeastern Bangladesh.
William Kenzo Nakamura (January 21, 1922-July 4, 1944)  was a United States Army soldier.
Nakamura was born in Seattle to Japanese immigrant parents.
Nakamura volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team.
For his actions in July 1944, Nakamura  was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).
Nakamura's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Nakamura's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in central Italy in 1944.
He silenced a machine gun nest and he stayed behind to provide covering fire as his unit withdrew.
Private First Class William K. Nakamura distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 4 July 1944, near Castellina, Italy.
During a fierce firefight, Private First Class Nakamura's platoon became pinned down by enemy machine gun fire from a concealed position.
On his own initiative, Private First Class Nakamura crawled 20 yards toward the hostile nest with fire from the enemy machine gun barely missing him.
Reaching a point 15 yards from the position, he quickly raised himself to a kneeling position and threw four hand grenades, killing or wounding at least three of the enemy soldiers.
The enemy weapon silenced, Private First Class Nakamura crawled back to his platoon, which was able to continue its advance as a result of his courageous action.
Later, his company was ordered to withdraw from the crest of a hill so that a mortar barrage could be placed on the ridge.
On his own initiative, Private First Class Nakamura remained in position to cover his comrades' withdrawal.
While moving toward the safety of a wooded draw, his platoon became pinned down by deadly machine gun fire.
Crawling to a point from which he could fire on the enemy position, Private First Class Nakamura quickly and accurately fired his weapon to pin down the enemy machine gunners.
His platoon was then able to withdraw to safety without further casualties.
Private First Class Nakamura was killed during this heroic stand.
Private First Class Nakamura's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
Nakesake
People from Seattle, Washington
Rotuma is a volcanic island about  south of Fiji.
It has been a part of Fiji since 1881.
While the Fijian Islands are Melanesian, Rotuma is isolated far to the north.
Its people and culture are more closely related to Polynesia.
Provinces of Fiji
Virmajärvi is a small lake in eastern Finland's Ilomantsi region and Russia.
An island on lake is the most eastern tectonic part of Finland and the European Union.
The nearest village is Hattuvaara.
is a variety of Japanese citrus.
Its name comes from its "golden" or bright yellow color.
The color is inherited from its mother tree, a variety called Ōgonkan or "Golden Orange," which is also bright yellow but smaller.
It was hybridized with a variety of Satsuma mandarin orange to obtain an improved variety which was larger (about 77 grams or 2.
7 ounces on average) and easier to peel.
The variety was developed at the agricultural experiment station run by Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan.
http://www.agri-kanagawa.jp/nosoken/bulletin/nosoken/145/145-6.pdf
Luirojärvi is a lake in Finland's Lapland.
Luirojoki (a river) flows first to Lokan tekojärvi (reservoir) and continues from that to Kemijoki.
At the east side of lake is Sokosti mountain, which is over 700 meters high.
Luirojärvi belongs to Urho Kekkonen National Park.
Lake Ruovesi is a lake in Finland.
It collects water from Keuruun reitti, Pihlajaveden reitti and Ähtärin reitti.
Lake Ruovesi flows to Palovesi.
Lake Lappajärvi is a lake in Finland.
It is in an impact crater.
The biggest island is Kärnänsaari.
Adrian D. Smith (born August 19, 1944) is an American architect.
He has designed skyscrapers including the Burj Khalifa, the Jin Mao Tower, the AT&T Corporate Center, and the Trump International Hotel and Tower, Chicago.
He is now building the world's tallest building that is planned to be taller than the Burj Khalifa, the Jeddah Tower.
Smith was born on August 19, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois.
Smith studied at the University of Illinois at Chicago and at the Texas A&M University.
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture - official website
Burj Dubai website
Chicago Tribune Article 'Sweet new start for architect Adrian Smith' Feb 24, 2008
Luc Paul Maurice Besson (born 18 March 1955) is a French movie director, screenwriter, and producer who is known for his movies such as Léon: The Professional, The Fifth Element, Taken, The Lady, and the entire Arthur and the Invisibles trilogy.
He has won an BAFTA Award.
Besson was born on 18 March 1955 in Paris, France.
He was married to Anne Parillaud until they divorced.
Then he was married to Maïwenn Le Besco from 1992 until they divorced in 1997.
Then he was married to Milla Jovovich from 1997 until they divorced in 1999.
He has been married to Virginie Silla since 2004.
Luc Besson Official Homepage  at Luc-Besson.com
Luc Besson Interview, Angel-A
JewReview.net video interview with Luc Besson and Rie Rasmussen about Angel-A
In-depth interview with Luc Besson
Blushing is involuntary reddening of the human face.
This happens if a person feels embarrassed, uncomfortable in certain situations, or lovestruck.
The affected area feels very hot when blushing takes place.
Patricia Wettig (born December 4, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an television performer and playwright.
She starred in the series Thirtysomething.
She was also in a few movies.
San Bernardino County is a very large county in southeastern California, with a population of over 2 million.
Places within the county include the city of San Bernardino, California.
In area it is larger than the state of Maryland.
The Heroes of Olympus is a series of five adventure and fantasy novels written by Rick Riordan, an American author.
It follows the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series and is followed by The Trials of Apollo series and the new up coming Daughter of the Deep.
The stories are based around Greek and Roman mythology, it describes the efforts of seven demigod heroes to prevent the earth goddess Gaea from waking up with their ship called Argo ll.
The first book in the series was released on October 12, 2012 and the last one was released on October 7, 2014.
The series begins with The Lost Hero, and ends with The Blood of Olympus.
Some characters from the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series return, including Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Clarisse, Chiron, Camp Half-Blood campers, and several others.
There are also some new characters.
Some are Leo Valdez, son of Hephaestus, Jason Grace, son of Jupiter (Zeus as a Roman) and Piper McLean daughter of Aphrodite and movie star Tristan McLean who is kidnapped in The Lost Hero.
Riordan based some of his series on The Golden Fleece and The Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles by Padraic Colum.
In addition to these books, Rick Riordan has also written a supplementary book named The Demigod Diaries which was released on August 14, 2012.
Percy Jackson: A seventeen-year-old Greek demigod and a son of Poseidon.
Annabeth Chase: A seventeen-year-old Greek demigod and a daughter of Athena.
Piper McLean: A fifteen-year-old Greek demigod and a daughter of Aphrodite.
She has the power to charmspeak, which means she can talk people into doing things but it does not always work.
Leo Valdez: A fifteen-year-old Greek demigod and a son of Hephaestus.
He has the power to manipulate and produce fire.
Jason Grace: A sixteen-year-old Roman demigod and a son of Jupiter.
It is revealed in The Lost Hero that he is the brother of Thalia Grace, a Greek demigod.
Frank Zhang: A-sixteen-year-old Roman demigod and a son of Mars.
He is also related to Poseidon on his mother's side.
He has the ability to change his form.
Hazel Levesque: A thirteen-year-old Roman demigod and a daughter of Pluto.
She has the ability to manipulate precious metals and stones.
Gleeson Hedge: A satyr from Camp Half-Blood who is tasked to accompany the seven demigods on their quest.
2010s books
Saint John of the Cross (original name of Juan de Yepes y Álvarez)(1542-1591) was a Spanish Catholic mystic.
He belonged to the Carmelite order.
He is one of the Doctors of the Church.
And He is a patron saint of mystics and contemplatives and of Spanish poets.
Link to St John quotes
The Exmoor pony is a breed of horse.
It is native to the British Isles.
The fur is brown, from beige and brown to dark brown and black.
The Exmoor pony eats grass and hay.
It can be up to  tall and weigh .
The breeding time is 336 days.
They can become 25 years old.
The Cairo spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is a species of mouse that lives in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.
It eats seeds, fruits and invertebrate animals.
The mouse grows to  long and weighs up to .
It lives for about four years.
The gestation period is about 38 days.
The speed of the spiny mouse is up to .
Harz red mountain cattle is a breed of cattle.
They come from Harz, in Germany.
They can live up to 20 years old.
They have fair colored cornets, are beefier built, and have plain fur.
The females are up to  and the males .
They are between  high.
At birth, they weigh from .
Their main food is grass.
They produce milk and are used for meat.
The Harz red mountain cattle is from the oldest race of cows.
They were bred in the middle of the 19th century.
Today, it is an endangered species.
Consequentialism is a theory in the field of ethics.
It says that the moral value of an action can be judged by looking at the consequences it has.
One of the big consequentialist theories is called utilitarianism.
The word "play" has more than one meaning.
Play (theatre), an acting performance done at a theatre
Play (activity), what children and the young of other mammals do to have fun
Play is a word used in psychology and ethology to describe voluntary activities associated with recreational pleasure and enjoyment, and with early learning in mammals.
Although everyone understands what the word means, it is extremely difficult to define.
Play is usually connected with children and their juvenile-level activities, but it can also be a useful adult activity, and occurs among other higher-functioning animals as well.
Many of the most prominent researchers in the field of psychology (including William James, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky) have viewed play as endemic to the human species.
Play may be frivolous; but it may be serious.
A player can be intently focused on his or her objective (in the zone), particularly when play is structured and goal-oriented, as in a game.
Accordingly, play can range from relaxed, free-spirited and spontaneous through frivolous to planned or even compulsive.
Function of play
There have been two major reviews of research into animal play, and both have said it is extremely difficult to define.
Play is almost universal in very young mammals, and also in some groups of birds such as parrots and ravens.
Therefore, it must have a function, but what is that function?
It is definitely not immediate survival.
In fact, the young animals of many species may risk their lives playing.preface Yet, since it survives in so many species, it must have survival value.
That, as Fagan says, is a paradox.
"The problem of defining play is one of the greatest challenges facing neurology, behavioral biology, psychology, education and the social sciences generally".
Burghardt.preface
The main idea is that play is basically useful, and so it can be explained by the normal process of evolution by natural selection.
This was proposed by Karl Groos over a century ago, and it is still the majority explanation.
Identifying play
Researchers know the difficulty of deciding when a behaviour is play, and when it is not.
Konrad Lorenz developed a criterion.
To be called "play", the behaviour should be really distinct from the response in the normal situation.
Thus, play-fighting of young pups is quite different from serious dog-fights, not just a lesser degree of the same thing.
"The main difference is... the maintenance of all social inhibitions in play, even in the most boisterous and passionate types of play.
Above all, the inhibition against genuine biting is maintained, whereas in serious fights, even in the slightest disputes, this inhibition is at once lifted".
Children's play
Play can take the form of improvisation or pretend, performance, mimicry, games, sports.
Play can be structured, with goals and rules; when this is the case, the play is a "game".
Other play is unstructured, without rules.
The gurus of children's games were Iona and Peter Opie, who collected them in England in the post-World War II period.
Often sports with specific rules will take place within designated play spaces, such as sports fields.
Other play spaces may be playgrounds with equipment and structures to promote active and social play.
Some play spaces may be indoors, as with museums, or family entertainment centres.
Attunement play, which makes a connection, such as between newborn and mother.
Body play, in which an infant explores the ways in which his or her body works and interacts with the world.
Examples: making funny sounds or discovering what happens in a fall.
Object play, such as playing with toys, banging pots and pans, handling physical things in ways that use curiosity.
Social play, play which involves others in activities.
Examples: tumbling, making faces, and making connections with other children.
Imaginative play (also called "pretend" or "fantasy").
The child invents scenarios from their imagination.
They act in their dream world, for example, as a kind of princess or pirate play.
Storytelling play (or narrative), the play of learning and language that develops intellect.
They may play a parent reading aloud to a child, or a child retelling the story in his or her own words.
Creative play.
This means play with imagination to create a higher mental state.
For example, an adult might experiment to find a new way to use a musical instrument; or, as Einstein was known to do, a person might wonder about things which are not yet known and play with unproven ideas as a bridge to discover new knowledge.
games of mastery: e.g. building, copying, designing
games with rules: e.g. marbles, war games, hide-and-seek games
games of make-believe and fantasy
North Karachi () is a suburb of Karachi, in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Dravida Nadu () was the name of a proposed sovereign state for the speakers of the Dravidian languages in South Asia.
It was also known as Dravidistan or Dravidadesa.
An electric bicycle is a bicycle that uses electricity as its power.
These bikes do not pollute the air.
Usually a biker can control how much the motor helps.
For example, it can be 50% of the force needed.
These kinds of bikes have become more popular.
In some cases it is possible to convert a traditional bike to electric using a conversion kit.
Kokemäki is a town in south-west Finland.
The city has a population of 7,653 (30 June 2015) and an area of 531,27 km².
Through Kokemäki flows the Kokemäenjoki river which is 121 km long.
Kokemäki website
Laihia is a municipality in Finland.
About 8,000 people lived there as of 31 August 2013.
It covers 508.38 km².
Near Laihia is municipalities: Ilmajoki, Isokyrö, Kurikka, Maalahti, Mustasaari and Vähäkyrö.
The metric
In units where the speed of light, , is one, then the metric in matrix form is
Rautalampi is a municipality in Finland.
The city has 3,451 people (as of 31 August 2012).
It covers 761,97 km².
Near Laihia are the municipalities Hankasalmi, Konnevesi, Pieksämäki, Suonenjoki, Tervo and Vesanto.
History starts from 1561 when Sweden's king Gustav I of Sweden gave order to establish so called "hallintopitäjä" Rautalampi, (Rautalammen hallintopitäjä).
Vaasa () is a city in Ostrobothnia, Finland.
The city has a population of 60 622 (31.8.2012) and the area 191,68 km².
Vaasa is different compared to the nearest municipalities because so many people there speak Finnish.
From Helsinki, it is 419 km to Vaasa.
The Kamakura shogunate (Japanese: 鎌倉幕, Kamakura bakufu) was a feudal Japanese feudal military government.
The first three were members of the Minamoto clan.
The next two were members of the Fujiwara clan.
The last six were minor Imperial princes.
These years are known as the Kamakura period.
The period takes its name from the city where the Minamoto shoguns lived.
After 1203, the Hōjō clan held the office of Shikken.
In effect, the shikken governed in the name of the shoguns.
In 1192, Minamoto no Yoritomo and the Minamoto clan established a military government in  Kamakura.
The shogunate functioned within the framework of the Heian system of Imperial rule.
The Mongols under Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan.
On 19 November 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month), Kublai Khan's army landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū.
This was called Bun'ei War (Bunei no eki).
There was a second invasion attempt by Mongol forces in 1281 (Kōan 4).
This was called the Kōan War (Kōan no eki).
The shogunate prepared to defend against a third invasion, but it did not come.
The costs of defense a weakened the shogunate.
In the  in 1333 (Genkō 3), forces led by Nitta Yoshisada destroyed the Kamakura shogunate
List of Kamakura shoguns
Minamoto no Yoritomo, r. 1192-1199
Minamoto no Yoriie, r. 1202-1203
Minamoto no Sanetomo, r. 1203-1219
Kujō Yoritsune, r. 1226-1244
Kujō Yoritsugu, r. 1244-1252
Prince Munetaka, r. 1252-1266
Prince Koreyasu, r. 1266-1289
Prince Hisaakira, r. 1289-1308
Prince Morikuni, r. 1308-1333
Prince Morinaga, r.1333-1334
Prince Norinaga, r. 1334-1338
List of Kamakura shikken
Hōjō Tokimasa, r. 1203-1205
Hōjō Yoshitoki, r. 1205-1224
Hōjō Yasutoki, r. 1224-1242
Hōjō Tsunetoki, r. 1242-1246
Hōjō Tokiyori, r. 1246-1256
Hōjō Tokimune, r. 1268-1284
Hōjō Sadatoki, r. 1284-1301
Hōjō Morotoki, r. 1301-1311
Hōjō Takatoki, r. 1316-1326
The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a school shooting which happened in Connecticut, United States on December 14, 2012.
Twenty-eight people were killed in the shooting, including many children and teachers and the perpetrator's mother at home.
The shooter was Adam Lanza.
He shot and killed his mother.
He then went to Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed twenty children and six staff members as well as injuring two other staff members.
He committed suicide before he could be arrested by the FBI.
2010s in Connecticut
Sysmä is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland.
As of 31 August 2012, 4,232 people lived there.
Its population triples during summer.
This has made lot of summer happenings.
Official Sysmä website
Lee Archer was an American pilot for the United States Air Force.
He flew from 1941 during World War II until the year of 1970.
He rose until the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
He studied at the New York University.
After his study he joined the army having the hope to become a pilot.
In that era he had to discover that it was not possible for him as an African-American, due to the Jim Crow laws.
As a result, he was sent of to Georgia for a communication job.
After the army changed its policy, he was accepted to the trainings program for African-American on Tuskegee Army Airfield in Alabama.
During World War II Archer flew on 169 combat missions for the 302nd Fighter Squadron above Europe, and brought down several hostile planes.
During a mission in August 1944 he destroyed six German planes on the ground.
On October 12, 1944, he 'landed' in a series of air combats above Hungary, which was occupied territory then by Nazi Germany.
Flying a P-51 Mustang he brought down three German fighters.
When he came back in 1945 he discovered that nothing had changed in the American society.
When he stepped out of his plane, the first sign he saw demanded ′Colored Troops to the Right, White Troops to the Left′. Archer stayed in the army until 1970.