the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
A standard atomic weight is the mean value of relative atomic masses of a number of normal samples of the element.
Standard atomic weight values are published at regular intervals by the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The standard atomic weight for each element is on the periodic table.
Often, the term relative atomic mass is used to mean standard atomic weight.
This is not quite correct, because relative atomic mass is a less specific term that refers to individual samples.
Individual samples of an element could have a relative atomic mass different to the standard atomic weight for the element.
For example, a sample from another planet could have a relative atomic mass very different to the standard Earth-based value.
mass number (symbol: A), which is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic number (symbol: Z), which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Roderigo López (1525 – June 7, 1594) was a physician of Portuguese background.
He was tried and executed for trying to poison Elizabeth I. He is believed to be the inspiration for Shakespeare's character Shylock in The Merchant of Venice.
López was born into a family of Jewish origin in Portugal.
He graduated from university with a degree in medicine.
He went to England where he was appointed chief physician to Elizabeth I in 1586.
He knew powerful men at court, and grew rich and respected.
He was involved in various court intrigues until convicted of plotting to poison the Queen.
Several contemporaries make reference to the trial and execution.
Christopher Marlowe mentions it in Doctor Faustus as do Thomas Dekker in Whore of Babylon and Thomas Middleton in A Game at Chess.
It is possible that Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice was inspired by López.
my dads bald
Queen Elizabeth I’s physician, Roderigo Lopez, was tried and executed for allegedly plotting to kill the queen in 1594.
As a Portuguese double agent, ‘Doctor Lopez a Jew’ was said to have conspired with the Spanish, England’s enemies at that time.
He was accused of attempting to kill the Portuguese King Antonio and ‘take away Queene Elizabeths life by poyson’, in return for ‘fifty thousand Crowns’
Arletty (15 May 1898 – 24 July 1992) was a French actress, singer, and model.
She played Garance in the French movie Les Enfants du Paradis.
Les Enfants du Paradis (Children of Paradise) is a French romantic drama movie.
It was directed by Marcel Carné and released in 1945.
It stars Arletty as French courtesan Garance.
She is loved by four men: a street mime, an actor, a criminal, and an aristocrat.
The story is set among the lower class theatres of Paris between 1820 and 1840.
Garance is courted by four men but leaves them all because they will not allow her to love in her own way.
The three hour film has been described as France's Gone with the Wind.
1940s historical movies
Movies directed by Marcel Carné
David Murray Dryden (born September 5, 1941 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.
Dryden was known for the distinction of creating (as well as being the first goaltender to employ) the modern day goaltending mask consisting of a fiberglass mask with a cage.
In the NHL, he played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks, Buffalo Sabres and Edmonton Oilers.
Dryden faced his brother Ken in a game between his Sabres and the Montreal Canadiens.
It was the only time in the history of the NHL that brothers opposed each other as goalies.
Dryden was the goalie against whom Wayne Gretzky scored his first professional goal.
During his time in the WHA, he played for the Chicago Cougars and Edmonton Oilers.
He won the Ben Hatskin Trophy as the WHA's top goaltender, and the Gordie Howe Trophy as league MVP.
Michel Joseph Dumas (born July 8, 1949) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender.
He currently works as a chief amateur scout for the Chicago Blackhawks.
Before playing in the NHL, Dumas played 2 games with the Oklahoma City Blazers and 3 seasons with the Dallas Black Hawks of the CHL.
He also played 2 seasons in the IHL with the Dayton Gems.
He was called up to play for the Chicago Black Hawks for 3 games and went back down to the play 1 season for the Dallas Black Hawks again.
He was called up again by the Black Hawks but he only played 5 games as his career was cut short due to an eye injury he suffered in a game against the Colorado Rockies in 1976.
{{Infobox information appliance
| name         = iPad Air
| logo         = IPad Logo (2017).svg
| image        = IPad 2017 tablet.jpg
| caption      =
| releasedate  = November 1, 2013
| discontinued = March 21, 2016
| developer    = Apple Inc.
| manufacturer = Foxconn
| family       = iPad
| type         = Tablet computer
| lifespan     =
| price        =
| unitssold    =
| unitsshipped =
| media        =
| os =  Original: iOS 7.0.3 Current: iOS 12.5.1
| power        = Built-in rechargeable Li-Po battery
| soc          = Apple A9 with 64-bit architecture and Apple M9 motion co-processor
| cpu          =
| storage      = 16, 32, 64 or 128 GB flash memory
| memory       = 2 GB RAM
| display      =  2,048 × 1,536 px color IPS LCD display at (264 ppi) with a 4:3 aspect ratio, oleophobic coating
| graphics     =
| sound        =
| input        = Multi-touch screen, headset controls, M7 motion co-processor, proximity and ambient light sensors, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, digital compass, dual microphone
| controllers  =
| camera       = Front: 1.2 MP, 720p HD Rear: 5.0 MP AF, iSight with Five Element Lens, Hybrid IR filter, video stabilisation, face detection, HDR, ƒ/2.4 aperture
| touchpad     =
| service      =  App Store, iTunes Store, iBookstore, iCloud, Game Center
| dimensions   =  (h) (w) (d)
| weight       = Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi + Cellular:
| topgame      =
| compatibility =
| predecessor  = iPad (4th generation)
| successor    = iPad Air 2
| related      =
The iPad Air''' is the fifth type of iPad made by Apple Inc. It was announced at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on October 22, 2013.
It first came with iOS 7 installed on it and was upgraded to other versions later.
The iPad Air contains the 64-bit Apple A7 processor and another M7 coprocessor.
Apple released the iPad Air on November 1, 2013.
Sadly, it can’t support iPadOS.
The iPad Air is 7.5 millimeters thick, which is thinner than both the iPad 2 and the iPad Mini.
It has a smaller screen bezel which looks like the one on the iPad Mini.
However, it still uses the same 9.7-inch Retina Display as the previous iPad model.
The iPad Air can run iOS 12.
It can act as a mobile hotspot, sharing its internet connection over Wifi, USB, or Bluetooth.
It can have access to the App Store, where users can buy and download mobile applications onto their device.
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks.
It is based on the GSM standard and is part of the International Telecommunications Union IMT-2000 standard set.
UMTS is developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project).
It uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology so that users can transfer information faster.
Marination is the process of soaking foods in a liquid before cooking.
The idea is to add flavour, and to tenderize tougher cuts of meat.
The liquid in question, the 'marinade', may be acidic (made with ingredients such as vinegar, lemon juice, or wine) or enzymatic (made with ingredients such as pineapple, papaya or kiwifruit).
In addition to these ingredients, a marinade often contains oils, herbs, and spices to further flavour the food.
The process may last seconds or days.
Different marinades are used in different cuisines.
For example, in Indian cuisine the marinade is usually prepared with a mixture of blends.
The Hôtel Ritz is a grand hotel in the heart of Paris in the Place Vendôme.
The hotel is ranked highly among the most prestigious and luxurious hotels in the world and is a member of "The Leading Hotels of the World".
The hotel has 159 rooms.
It was founded by the Swiss hotelier, César Ritz, in collaboration with the chef Auguste Escoffier in 1898.
The new hotel was constructed behind the façade of a Town house from the 18th-century.
It overlooks one of the central squares in Paris.
It was one of the first hotels in Europe to provide a bathroom en suite, a telephone and electricity for each room.
It established a reputation for luxury.
The clients have included royalty, politicians, writers, film stars and singers.
Several of its suites are named in honour of famous guests of the hotel, for example Coco Chanel and Ernest Hemingway who lived at the hotel for years.
One of the bars of the hotel, Bar Hemingway, is devoted to Hemingway.
The Ritz has the reputation of being the most expensive hotel in Paris.
The rooms as of May 2011 started at €850 a night.
Suites start at €3,600 and cost up to €13,900 a night for the most expensive ones (the Suite Impériale is the most expensive).
The Ritz employs more than 600 people.
L'Espadon is a world-renowned restaurant.
It attracts aspiring chefs from all over the world who come to learn at the nearby Ritz-Escoffier School.
The cuisine is run by the award-winning chef Michel Roth, the ninth head chef of the hotel.
The restaurant was awarded a second star by the 2009 edition of the influential Michelin Red Guide.
During the Second World War, the German Luftwaffe used the hotel as local headquarters in Paris.
The son of César Ritz, Charles, died in 1976.
The last members of the Ritz family who owned the hotel sold it to the Egyptian businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed in 1979.
In August 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales and Al-Fayed's son, Dodi, dined in the hotel's Imperial Suite before their fatal car crash.
The hotel is being entirely renovated.
It has been closed since 1 August 2012 and will open its doors in March 2016, after a delay of nearly two years.
Because of its status as a symbol of high society and luxury, the hotel has featured in many novels (for example F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender Is The Night and Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises),
a play (Noël Coward's Semi-Monde), and films (such as Billy Wilder's 1957 comedy Love in the Afternoon and William Wyler's 1966 comedy How to Steal a Million).
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (19 April 1795 – 27 June 1876) was a German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist.
He was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time.
Microscopic organisms
Ehrenberg was appointed professor of medicine at Berlin University in 1827.
In 1829 he accompanied Alexander von Humboldt through eastern Russia to the Chinese frontier.
After his return he began to concentrate his studies on microscopic organisms, which then were not much studied.
For nearly 30 years Ehrenberg examined samples of water, soil, sediment, blowing dust and rock and described thousands of new species, among them well-known flagellates such as Euglena, ciliates such as Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum, and many fossils, in nearly 400 scientific publications.
He was particularly interested in a unicellular group of protists called diatoms, but he also studied, and named, many species of radiolaria, foraminifera and dinoflagellates.
These researches built up our knowledge of the microorganisms of certain geological formations, especially of the chalk, and of the marine and freshwater accumulations.
Until Ehrenberg took up the study it was not known that considerable masses of rock were composed of minute forms of animals or plants.
He also demonstrated that the phosphorescence of the sea was due to organisms.
He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1836 and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London from 1837.
In 1839, he won the Wollaston Medal, the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London.
He continued until late in life to investigate the microscopic organisms of the deep sea and of various geological formations.
He died in Berlin on 27 June 1876.
After his death in 1876, his collections of microscopic organisms were deposited in the Humboldt Museum at the University of Berlin.
The "Ehrenberg Collection" includes 40,000 microscope preparations, 5,000 raw samples, 3,000 pencil and ink drawings, and nearly 1,000 letters of correspondence.
His collection of scorpions, and other arachnids from the Middle East, is also held in the Berlin Museum.
Afro-Haitians or Black Haitians, are Haitian people whose ancestors were Africans.
Most Afro-Haitians are descended from West African slaves.
The slaves were brought over to work in plantations, mainly for sugar canes.
The vast majority (about 90%) of Haitians are of African descent.
Of them, about 25-30% are of mixed race or mulatto.
Haiti, just like in any region in the Americas, received slaves from all over West and Central Africa.
Although Haitian slaves were from all over Africa, the most common were Kongos from the Congo region, and Ewe and Fon tribes of current-day Benin or Togo.
There was also a lot of Igbo people from Nigeria.
The African influence can also be seen in the language Haitians use to speak; Haitian Creole is a French-based language with strong African influence in the phonetics, vocabulary, syntax, grammar, pronunciations.
There are many words of African origin used in every day speech.
Haitian food is mostly of African origin, including the names of the food.
The music of Haiti is filled with African rhythms and instruments, the use of call and response as well as vocal African songs.
He was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings with the 27th overall pick in the 1987 NHL Entry draft.
He played 17 games with the Kings and on February 22, 1989 he was traded along with Wayne McBean to the New York Islanders in exchange for Kelly Hrudey.
He played 2 seasons with the Islanders.
During his time with them, Fitzpatrick contracted Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome, which is a potentially fatal neurological disease and it cost him almost all of the 1990-91 NHL season.
He was able to recover and he returned to the ice in February 1992.
He won the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his efforts in returning to the league after the illness in 1992.
On June 20, 1993, during the expansion draft for the Florida Panthers and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, he was traded to the Quebec Nordiques for Ron Hextall and a swap of first-round picks.
After only four days, he was claimed in the expansion draft by the Panthers.
He played 5 seasons with the Panthers where he played as a backup goaltender to John Vanbiesbrouck.
On January 16, 1998, he was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning with Jody Hull for Dino Ciccarelli and Jeff Norton.
During his time in Tampa, he only managed record 7 wins in 34 games for the struggling Lightning who finished the season with the worst record in the NHL.
He was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for Michal Sykora where he spent the season as a backup capacity to Jocelyn Thibault.
He moved to Carolina Hurricanes for the 1999–2000 NHL season but spent most of the year playing in the International Hockey League for the Cincinnati Cyclones.
He only played 3 games for the Carolina Hurricanes and spent another season in the IHL for the Detroit Vipers before he retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2001.
Emile Percival Francis (September 13, 1926 – February 19, 2022), nicknamed "The Cat", was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, coach and general manager.
He was born in North Battleford, Saskatchewan.
In the NHL, Francis played 2 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks and 22 games for the New York Rangers.
He served as a back-up goaltender during his time with the Rangers.
He was also the first goaltender to use a first baseman’s glove with a cuff added to protect his hand and wrist while previous goaltenders would were the same padded gloves as their teammates.
He mainly played in the AHL and WHL which he played for a number of different teams including the Vancouver Canucks, Saskatoon Quakers and Seattle Americans.
He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1960.
After he retired, he became the head coach of the OHA's Guelph Royals and then became the head coach of the New York Rangers from 1965 to 1975.
He then became the head coach of the St. Louis Blues 1976 to 77 and in 1982.
After coaching, Francis became the General Manager of the New York Rangers from 1964 to 1976, the General Manager of the St. Louis Blues from 1976 to 1983 and the General Manager of the Hartford Whalers from 1983 to 1989.
He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1982 as a builder.
His son Bobby Francis also played in the NHL for the Detroit Red Wings.
He also coached the Phoenix Coyotes from 1999 to 2004.
Francis died on February 19, 2022, at the age of 95.
Peggy Stewart (born Margaret O'Rourke; June 5, 1923 – May 29, 2019) was an American movie actress.
She starred mostly in B-movies during the 1930s and 1940s.
Her sister, Patricia O'Rourke, was an Olympic swimmer and was married to World War II hero and B-movie actor Wayne Morris.
Stewart was born on June 5, 1923 in West Palm Beach, Florida.
She was married to Don Barry from 1940 until they divorced in 1944.
Then she was married to Buck Young from 1953 until his death 2000.
Stewart died on May 29, 2019 at the age of 95.
Stewart appeared in the 2012 Adam Sandler movie That's My Boy.
Stewart played Pam Beesly's grandmother, Mee-Maw, in a 2009 episode of The Office and reprised the role in a 2010 episode.
B-western ladies, Peggy Stewart
The Last Station is an American 2009 biographical-drama movie about last months of Leo Tolstoy's life.
It was directed by Michael Hoffman.
It stars Christopher Plummer, Helen Mirren, and Paul Giamatti.
It was released to positive reviews on December 23, 2009.
Movies directed by Michael Hoffman
Beginners is a 2010 American romantic-comedy-drama movie directed by Mike Mills.
It is about the story of Oliver, a man remembering the life and death from cancer of his widowed gay father, Hal, while trying to work a new romantic relationship with a Frenchwoman, Anna.
It stars Christopher Plummer and Ewan McGregor.
It was released to positive reviews on June 3, 2011.
This movie lead to Plummer's first Academy Award win.
9 is a 2009 adult animated science fiction movie directed by Shane Acker and produced by Tim Burton.
It stars Elijah Wood, John C. Reilly, Jennifer Connelly, Christopher Plummer, Crispin Glover, and Martin Landau.
It was released on September 9, 2009 to mixed reviews.
Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist and ethnologist.
He worked for the South Australian Museum for almost 50 years.
He is best known for his work mapping the various cultural groupings of Indigenous Australians.
He was born in Perth, Western Australia.
His family moved to Tokyo in 1907, when he was a young boy.
Norman was educated at the American School in Japan.
The family returned to Perth in 1915, and then moved to Adelaide in 1917.
Tindale got a job at the Adelaide Public Library.
In January 1919, he got a job at the South Australian Museum as entomologist's assistant to Arthur Mills Lea.
He had already published thirty-one papers on entomological, ornithological and anthropological subjects before receiving his Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Adelaide in March 1933.
Tindale began mapping the cultural groupings of Indigenous Australians early in his career.
His interest in this began during a research trip to Groote Eylandt in 1921–1922.
On the island, an Anindilyakwa man gave Tindale detailed descriptions of which land belonged to his family and which land did not.
This led Tindale to question the widely held belief among European Australians at the time, which was that Aboriginal people were nomadic and had no connection to any specific area.
Tindale's maps have been superseded by more accurate ones.
After his retirement from the South Australian Museum, Tindale began teaching at the University of Colorado.
He lived in the United States until his death, aged 93, in Palo Alto, California.
1956: Verco Medal of the Royal Society of South Australia
1967: Honorary doctorate from the University of Colorado
1968: Australian Natural History Society Medallion
1980: John Lewis Medal of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia
1980: Honorary doctorate from the Australian National University.
Norman Tindale website at Australian National University
Norman Tindale  at the South Australia Museum
Tribal Boundaries in Aboriginal Australia , the map of Aboriginal language-group boundaries by Norman Tindale
Tindale Genealogical Collection  at the State Library of Queensland
The Savoy Hotel is a luxury hotel on the Strand in central London.
It was built by impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte with profits from his Gilbert and Sullivan operas, and opened in 1889.
It was the first in the Savoy group of hotels and restaurants, which were owned by his family for over a century.
The Savoy was the first luxury hotel in Britain.
It had electric lights throughout the building, electric lifts, bathrooms in most of the lavishly furnished rooms, constant hot and cold running water, and many other innovations.
D'Oyly Carte hired manager César Ritz and French chef Auguste Escoffier, who established the highest quality in service, entertainment and dining.
The hotel attracted royalty and other rich guests and diners.
Winston Churchill frequently took his cabinet to lunch at the hotel.
The hotel became Carte's most successful venture.
Its bands, Savoy Orpheans and the Savoy Havana Band, became famous, and other entertainers (who were also often guests) included George Gershwin, Frank Sinatra, Lena Horne and Noël Coward.
Famous guests have included Edward VII, Enrico Caruso, Charlie Chaplin, Otto Hahn, Harry Truman, Joan Crawford, Judy Garland, Babe Ruth, Laurence Olivier, Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne, Humphrey Bogart, Elizabeth Taylor, Barbra Streisand, Bob Dylan, The Beatles and numerous others.
The hotel is now managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.
It has been called "London's most famous hotel".
It is still one of London's most prestigious and opulent hotels, with 268 rooms and panoramic views of the River Thames across Savoy Place and the Thames Embankment.
The hotel closed in December 2007 for extensive renovations and reopened in October 2010.
Dorothy published her first books anonymously.
She then published under the pseudonyms M. P. and Mary Pelham.
This was common practice among female authors in that period.
Dorothy's most famous book was The Life and Perambulation of a Mouse.
This was published in 1784.
Some other books of hers are Anecdotes of a Boarding School, or an antidote to the vices of those Establishments (1790), Little Stories for Little Folks (about 1785), and The Village School (1795).
Most of her stories had moral lessons.
Dorothy was probably born in Woodford, which was part of Essex at the time.
Her father was Thomas Kilner (1719–1804), a public servant and landowner.
Her mother was Frances Kilner (née Ayscough; 1718–1768).
Dorothy was the youngest of five children.
The family lived in Maryland Point.
Dorothy was inspired to write through her friendship with Mary Ann Maze (Mary Ann Kilner, 1753–1831).
The two became friends when they were children.
They wrote many letters to each other on religious and personal matters.
The letters were usually written in verse.
Maze later married Dorothy's brother, Thomas Kilner (1750–1812) in 1774.
Dorothy moved into their house in Spitalfields, and helped to raise their five children.
Both Dorothy and Mary Ann became writers, and wrote many books for children.
Their books were published by John Marshall.
Copies of their books were found long after their deaths in a trunk in their home in Maryland Point.
Several titles continued to be reprinted for many years.
Life and Perambulation of a Mouse
Complete text of The Life and Perambulation of a Mouse
Jessica Barth is an American writer and actress.
Jessica Barth studied acting and creative writing at the West Chester University.
Jessica Barth started working at three different restaurants in Los Angeles, California.
She began her acting career with theater plays.
She later began a professional acting career with her appearances in films and television series.
Jessica Barth earned worldwide recognition with her first bigger appearance in Ted as Tami-Lynn, the main character's love interest.
Neo Ned (2005)
Next (2007)
Mr. Blue Sky (2007)
The Waterhole (2009)
Ted (2012)
The Catch (2005)
Family Guy (Voice)
Jessica Barth on Instagram
Antonino Giovanni Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American actor.
He began acting on television shows, guest-starring in Friends.
He starred in many movies, including Saving Private Ryan, Avatar and Ted.
Lawrence Kohlberg (25 October 1927 – 19 January 1987) was an American psychologist.
Today, he is mostly known for his theory, that the development of a sense of what is morally right or wrong occurs in different stages.
There are three main stages, which are subdivided:
(Pre-Conventional)
Avoiding punishment
Self-interest orientation
(Conventional)
Interpersonal accord and conformity  / Social norms
Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(Post-Conventional)
Social contract orientation
Universal ethical principles
Ventriloquism is a form of stage theater in which a person changes his or her voice so that it sounds like the voice is coming from somewhere else (usually a puppet or a dummy).
A ventriloquist is one who performs this art.
Originally, it was practiced in religion.
Now, it is used in comedy.
History of modern-day ventriloquism
Notable ventriloquists
A blobfish  (Psychrolutes marcidus) is three species of a fish of the family Psychrolutidae.
They live in deep waters off the coasts of Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.
Blobfish are typically shorter than 30 cm.
They live at depths between  where the pressure is several dozen times higher than at sea level.
Blobfish are often caught accidentally in bottom trawling nets.
Scientists now fear the blobfish could become an endangered species because of deep-ocean trawling.
As often happens with common names, there is another fish which may also be called "blobfish".
It is Macquarie blobfish, a species of Ebinania.
Chac (also spelled Chaac) is the rain god of the Maya.
He has a lightning axe.
He uses it to hit the clouds and make thunder and rain.
Shelby Dade Foote, Jr. (November 17, 1916 – June 27, 2005) was an American historian and writer.
He was an important person for Civil War documentaries.
He wrote many books about the war and Abraham Lincoln.
His most famous book about the war was The Civil War: A Narrative.
Foote was born on in Greenville, Mississippi and died in Memphis, Tennessee.
Shelby Dade Foote, Jr. studied at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Foote is of Jewish descent, but he was raised as an Episcopalian.
Foote began writing a three volume, 3000-page history, together called The Civil War: A Narrative.
The separate volumes are Fort Sumter to Perryville (1958), Fredericksburg to Meridian (1963), and Red River to Appomattox (1974).
When The Civil War by Ken Burns was first broadcast, his telephone number was publicly listed.
and He received many phone calls from people who had seen him on television.
Foote never unlisted his number, and the volume of calls increased each time the series re-aired.
He was married to Tess Lavery from 1944 until they divorced in 1946.
Then he was married to Marguerite "Peggy" Desommes from 1948 until they divorced in 1952.
Then he was married to Gwyn Rainer from 1956 until his death in 2005.
Foote died on June 27, 2005 at a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee from heart failure caused by a heart attack and pulmonary embolism.
Foote is buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee.
Shelby Foote Grave
Shelby Foote Papers Inventory, in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
Write TV Public Television Interview with Shelby Foote
PBS Civil War
American Enterprise interview with Bill Kauffman
"Shelby Foote's War Story: How a Memphis novelist’s history of the Civil War made history itself" from Garden & Gun
Kenneth Lauren "Ken" Burns (born July 29, 1953) is an American director and producer of documentary movies.
He is known for his style of using archival footage and photographs.
Burns is also a historian and writer.
His most widely known documentaries are The Civil War (1990), Baseball (1994), Jazz (2001), The War (2007), The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009), Prohibition (2011) and The Central Park Five (2012).
His movies have been nominated for two Academy Awards, and have won Emmy Awards, among other honors.
Burns was born on July 29, 1953 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York  His ancestors owned slaves, and one was a Confederate soldier.
He studied at Hampshire College.
Burns was married to Amy Stechler from 1982 until they divorced in 1993.
He married Julie Deborah Brown in 2003, and  in 2017 they were still marrie..
Florentine Films—Ken Burns's production company
Ken Burns on PBS
Ken Burns bibliography
Ken Burns at Library of Congress Authorities — with 54 catalog records
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is cutting off part or all of the female genitals that are outside of the body.
FGM is also called female genital cutting and female circumcision.
It is done for traditional reasons, as part of a ritual, not for medical reasons.
FGM is most common in 27 African countries, as well as Yemen and Iraqi Kurdistan.
However, it also happens in other countries in Asia, the Middle East and around the world.
Usually, FGM is not done by a doctor or in a hospital.
It is often done with a razor blade or other sharp instruments, in many cases without anesthesia.
Different ethnic groups do different kinds of FGM.
They also do FGM at different ages.
Some groups do FGM when infants are only a few days old.
Others do it when girls reach puberty, or are older.
In about half the countries where FGM happens, most girls have FGM before they are five years old.
FGM can cause serious health problems, like infections, chronic pain, trouble getting pregnant and giving birth, bleeding so bad that it can kill.
FGM does not make a person's health better in any way.
FGM is illegal in most of the countries where it happens.
However, these laws are often ignored.
Since the 1970s, many countries have tried to stop FGM.
In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly said that FGM is a human rights problem, and voted to try harder to stop it.
The World Health Organization and the "Maputo Protocol" to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights also say that FGM must be stopped.
Types of female genital mutilation
There are many different types of female genital mutilation.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has created four basic categories of FGM, called Types 1-IV.
In Type I FGM, part or all of the clitoris is cut off.
The clitoris is the female organ that makes sex feel good for women.
Without it, a woman usually cannot have an orgasm.
There are a few forms of Type II FGM.
All of them involve cutting off part or all of the inner labia, the two flaps of skin on the sides of the opening to the vagina.
The forms of Type II FGM are:
Type IIa: The inner labia are cut off.
Type IIb: The inner labia and part of the clitoris are cut off.
Type IIc: The inner labia and part of the clitoris are cut off.
So is the outer labia, the folds of skin that protect the genitals.
Type III FGM is usually called infibulation.
It is the most severe form of FGM.
The genitals outside a woman's body are cut off and the wound is sewn shut with thread and thorns.
The different types of infibulation are:
Type IIIa: The inner labia are cut off and sewn closed.
Type IIIb: The outer labia are cut away and sewn closed.
When the labia are sewn shut, one small hole is left open so the girl can urinate and menstruate.
The hole is kept open by putting something like a twig into the wound.
To help the wound close, the girl's legs are tied together, often from hip to ankle, for up to six weeks.
After the woman gets married, her vagina is cut open so she can have sex.
A midwife might cut open the vagina with a knife, or the woman's husband might tear it open with his penis.
If the woman gets pregnant, the vagina is opened more for childbirth, and then often sewn back up afterward (this is called re-infibulation).
Type IV FGM is anything else that is done to hurt the genitals, like scraping, burning, scarring, or cutting the genitals without cutting them off.
This procedure will be heartbreaking for women, when they get to know about this in later life.
In many countries where FGM is common, almost every woman and girl in the country has had FGM.
In other countries, millions of women and girls have had FGM over many years.
In 25 countries in Africa and the Middle East, over 125 million women and girls have had FGM.
27.2 million girls and women in Egypt
23.8 million in Ethiopia
19.9 milllion in Nigeria
12.1 million in Sudan
9.3 million in Kenya and Burkina Faso; and
Millions of other girls and women in other countries.
In some of these same 25 countries, FGM is very common.
It is most common in these countries:
Somalia: 98% of girls and women in the country have had FGM
Guinea: 96%
Djibouti: 93%
Egypt: 91%
Eritrea: 89%
Mali: 89%
Sierra Leone: 88%
Sudan: 88%
However, in other countries, FGM is not as common.
For example, of the 25 countries where FGM happens most often, it is least common in these countries:
Uganda: 1% of girls and women in the country have had FGM
Cameroon: 1%
Niger: 2%
Togo: 4%
Ghana: 4%
Iraq: 8%
The type of FGM
Whether the FGM was done by someone with medical training
Whether antibiotic medicines were used
Whether sterile(clean and safe) tools were used
Short-term complications
"Short-term complications" are health problems caused by FGM soon after the FGM happened.
Common short-term complications include:
Swelling
Dangerous bleeding
Trouble urinating normally
Infection and trouble healing
More serious short-term complications can cause symptoms that can kill a woman.
Necrotizing fasciitis ("flesh-eating disease")
Bleeding to death
Late complications
Late complications happen later on after FGM is done.
Scars, which can block urine and blood from getting out of the body
Cysts, which can become infected
Damage to the bladder and urethra
Infibulated girls can have trouble or pain when urinating.
They can also have infections and pain during sex.
Painful periods are common because it is very difficult for the monthly menstrual blood to get out of the tiny hole left by infibulation.
Blood can fill the vagina and uterus, and stay there without moving.
If the vagina gets completely blocked, the vagina and uterus can fill up completely with menstrual blood.
Because women with this problem do not menstruate, and blood builds up in their abdomen (making it swell), it can be confused with pregnancy.
FGM may increase a woman's risk of having problems during pregnancy and childbirth.
For example, women who had infibulations are more likely to:
Have third-degree lacerations (very bad skin tears around the vagina) when they try to give birth
Have damage to their anal sphincters from giving birth, affecting bowel control; and
Need emergency caesarean sections
FGM also raises the risk that a woman's baby will die soon after it is born.
In 2008, the WHO estimated that 10–20 babies out of every 1,000 die because their mothers had FGM.
All types of FGM were found to raise babies' risk of death, which was:
15 percent higher for Type I FGM;
32 percent higher for Type II; and
55 percent for Type III.
Effects on mental health & sexual function
There is not much information about the effects of FGM on women's and girls' mental health.
However, a few small studies have found that women with FGM often have anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Studies on how FGM affects women's ability to have sex have also been small.
In total, in 2013, there had been 15 studies involving 12,671 women from seven countries.
When all the information from these studies was put together, researchers found that:
Women with FGM were twice as likely than other women to say they never felt like having sex
Women with FGM were 52% more likely than other women to have dyspareunia (pain during sex)
One-third of women with FGM had less sexual feelings than before their FGM.
A lightning strike (or a lighting bolt) is a line of electric energy that is made during thunderstorms.
It is very powerful and can kill anyone that it touches.
It usually strikes tall objects such as skyscrapers, trees and mountains.
A few people have survived lightning strikes.
http://science1.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/essd18jun99_1/
Bruce Hubbard (1952–1991) was an American operatic baritone singer.
He is known for appearing in several productions of Show Boat and Porgy and Bess.
Tadeusz Mazowiecki (18 April 1927 – 28 October 2013) was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician.
Mazowiecki was the first Prime Minister of Poland.
His term began in 1989 and ended in 1991.
Mazowiecki was born on 18 April 1927 in Płock, Second Republic of Poland.
He was married two times (became a widower twice).
He had three children, Wojciech, Adam, and Michal.
He was formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement.
Mazowiecki was the first non-communist prime minister in the Eastern Bloc after World War II.
He became Prime Minister on 24 August 1989.
His term lasted for nearly 2 years when he left office on 12 January 1991.
Mazowiecki received numerous awards.
An honorary degree from the universities in: Leuven, Genoa, Giessen, Poitiers, Exeter, Warsaw University and University of Economics in Katowice.
He also received the Order of White Eagle (1995), Golden Order of Bosnia (1996), Légion d'honneur (1997), Srebrnica Award (2005), the Giant award (1995) awarded by Gazeta Wyborcza (Election Gazette) in Poznań and Jan Nowak-Jezioranski Award (2004).
Mazowiecki died on 28 October 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from complications from a fever caused by pneumonia.
Periodic Reports on the situation in Bosnia
Polish philanthropists
Heat lightning is the name for lightning from thunderstorms that are far away that is not followed by thunder.
This happens because the lightning is far away and the sound of the thunder stops before it reaches the person watching the thunderstorm.
Although it is named heat lightning, it does not have anything to do with the heat of the lightning itself.
At night, lightning can be seen from up to 100 miles away, but the thunder doesn't go that far.
Heat lightning is often seen during the summer months.
In Florida, heat lightning can often been seen over the water at night from thunderstorms that formed during the day.
The Weather Doctor: Weather Whys
Heat Lightning Facts
Stansfield M. Turner (December 1, 1923 – January 18, 2018) was a United States Navy admiral and former Director of Central Intelligence and President of the Naval War College.
He was a senior research scholar at the University of Maryland, College Park School of Public Policy.
Turner was born on December 1, 1923 in Highland Park, Illinois.
He studied at Amherst College, at the United States Naval Academy, and at Exeter College, Oxford.
He was a Christian Scientist.
Turner died in Seattle, Washington on January 18, 2018 at the age of 94.
Prepared Statement before Congress on MKULTRA
Testimony before Congress on MKULTRA, Part 1
Testimony before Congress on MKULTRA, Part 2
Interview on the Iranian Arms Scandal from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
Professor Bronisław Geremek (Benjamin Lewertow; March 6, 1932 - July 13, 2008) was a Polish social historian and politician.
Geremek served as Poland's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1997 through 2000.
Geremek was born on March 6, 1932 in Warsaw, Poland.
He studied at Warsaw University.
Geremek was married to Hanna Geremek until his death in 2008.
Geremek died on July 13, 2008 after a car crash in Lubień, Poland.
The cause of the crash was because Geremek fell asleep behind the wheel.
A state funeral was granted for Geremek.
On the Side of Geremek Adam Michnik eulogizes Geremek in The New York Review of Books
Bronislaw Geremek's opinion editorial commentaries for Project Syndicate
Philip Baker Hall (born September 10, 1931) is an American actor.
He starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's movies, Hard Eight, Boogie Nights and Magnolia.
Other movies included Air Force One, The Truman Show, Bruce Almighty, Rush Hour and The Amityville Horror.
Hall was born in Toledo, Ohio.
He studied at the University of Toledo.
He was married twice, both ended in divorce.
Hall had two children.
A dry thunderstorm is a type of thunderstorm where there is lightning and thunder, but most or all of the precipitation does not reach the ground.
They usually happen in deserts or areas with low water vapor.
Because dry air usually absorbs liquid water, the rain is absorbed before it reaches the ground.
They happen a lot during the summer months in western North America.
Dry thunderstorms are dangerous because they can cause dust storms and wildfires.
Dust storms can happen because the dry soil and sand are picked up by strong winds.
Wildfires can happen because the lightning can hit trees and there is no rain to put out the fires.
fr:Orage sec
César Ritz (23 February 1850 – 24 October 1918) was a Swiss hotelier and founder of several hotels.
He gave his name to the Hôtel Ritz Paris and The Ritz Hotel in London.
His motto was "king of hoteliers, and hotelier to kings".
His name is the origin of the word ritzy.
At fifteen Ritz was apprenticed as a somelier (wine waiter) at a hotel in Brig.
Dismissed after a year as an unsuitable candidate for the hotel trade, he went to Paris at the time of the 1867 Universal Exhibition.
Ritz's formative five years in Paris, including the siege of 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, gave him sufficient polish and confidence to transform himself from a waiter and general factotum into a maître d'hôtel, manager, and eventually hotelier.
In 1872, Ritz became floor waiter of the Hôtel Splendide in Paris, meeting many rich, self-made Americans as guests.
In 1873 he was a waiter in Vienna at the time of the International Exhibition.
In the winter of that year his astonishing career in hotel management began when he undertook the direction of the restaurant at the Grand Hôtel in Nice.
Regular moves then followed.
He followed the migration of the international tourist set from the hotels of Nice or San Remo in winter to Swiss mountain resorts such as Rigi-Kulm and Lucerne in summer.
In 1878, he became the manager of the Grand Hôtel National in Lucerne and held the same position, in parallel, at the Grand Hôtel in Monaco until 1888.
A pioneer in the development of luxury hoteliering, he knew how to entice wealthy customers and got a reputation for good taste and elegance.
He was the first to say that "the customer is never wrong".
His code was "See all without looking; hear all without listening; be attentive without being servile; anticipate without being presumptuous.
If a diner complains about a dish or the wine, immediately remove it and replace it, no questions asked".
In 1888, he opened a restaurant with Auguste Escoffier in Baden-Baden, and the two were then invited to London by Richard D'Oyly Carte to become the first manager and chef of the Savoy Hotel, positions they held from 1889 until 1897.
Ritz put together what he described as "a little army of hotel men for the conquest of London".
The Savoy under Ritz was an immediate success, attracting a distinguished and moneyed clientele, headed by the Prince of Wales.
Aristocratic women, hitherto unaccustomed to dine in public, were now "seen in full regalia in the Savoy dining and supper rooms".
In 1898, Ritz and Escoffier were both dismissed from the Savoy.
Ritz was implicated in the disappearance of over £3,400 of wine and spirits, as well as kickbacks from suppliers.
The following report is from the London Daily Telegraph:
"They were accused of nicking “£3,400 of wine and spirits in the first six months of 1897” and “wine and spirits consumed in the same period by the Managers, staff and employees amounting to £3,000” – more than half-a-million pounds in today’s money.
"Escoffier, moreover, confessed to taking “commission”, gifts or kickbacks from the Savoy’s suppliers (a regular 5 per cent in the case of Messrs Hudson Brothers, grocers on the Strand) amounting to a whopping £1.4 million in today’s values.
The board first became suspicious in 1895 when, although overall receipts increased greatly, the profits from the kitchens fell.
In 1897, the kitchen actually showed a loss...
"The board of the Savoy, led by Richard D’Oyly Carte, decided to deal with the matter privately".
Independent entrepreneur
Later in 1898, he opened the celebrated Hôtel Ritz in the  Place Vendôme, Paris.
He went on to open The Ritz Hotel in London in 1906, which became one of the most popular meeting places of the era, for the rich and famous.
The Hotel Ritz Madrid in Madrid, opened in 1910, inspired by King Alfonso XIII's desire to build a luxury hotel to rival the Ritz in Paris.
Ritz enjoyed a long partnership with Auguste Escoffier, the famous French chef and father of modern French cooking.
The partnership lasted until Ritz had to retire in 1907 because of deteriorating health.
By 1912, according to Marie-Louise Ritz, to all intents and purposes his life had finished.
In 1913 he was placed in a private hospital at Lausanne, and the following year he was moved to another on Lake Küssnacht in Canton Schwyz.
He died at Küssnacht on 26 October 1918.
Although from a humble Swiss background, César Ritz and his luxurious hotels became legendary, and his name entered the English language as an epitome of high-class cuisine and accommodation.
Ritz, une histoire plus belle que la légende. -
Claude Roulet - Editions Quai Voltaire - 1998
Ritz, The King of Hoteliers and Host of Kings, Film by Frank Garbely, r-film Zurich 2007, ISAN 0000-0000-62E8-0000-U-0000-0000-L
Site dedicated to the life of César Ritz
Hotel school in Switzerland
Swiss businesspeople
A menu is a list of dishes to be served at a meal.
Menus have been around in Europe since the 18th century.
There is a special need for them in Chinese cuisine because of the wide range of dishes on offer.
Menus have been discovered from the Song Dynasty in China.
In the larger cities of the time, the variety of cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list for their patrons.
In restaurants, the modern menu, with dishes in a set order of courses, was invented by the great French chef Escoffier.
Usually there are two types of menu at a good restaurant:
table d'hôte: a set menu at a fixed price (prix fixée).
à la carte: a wider choice of items, each with its own price.
Lesser establishments might offer a chalkboard, with the advantage that items can be rubbed out or added on at short notice.
Fish restaurants in particular depend on daily catches being supplied or bought in the early morning.
They usually list fish freshly bought (as opposed to frozen).
Cinderella Castle (or Cinderella Palace) is the fairy tale castle at the center of two Disney theme parks: the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort.
Both castles are recognized all over the world.
They are the main attraction for each of the theme parks.
Aiken was born and raised in Raleigh, North Carolina.
He was a contestant on the second season of American Idol in 2003.
In 2014, Aiken announced his intentions to run for congress in North Carolina's 2nd congressional district against Republican incumbent Renee Ellmers.
He officially filed to run on February 27, 2014.
Measure of a Man (2003)
Merry Christmas with Love (2004)
A Thousand Different Ways (2006)
On My Way Here  (2008)
Tried and True (2010)
Steadfast (2012)
is a theme park at the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, near Tokyo.
It is  large.
Tokyo Disney Resort is one of five Disney Resorts in the world.
It is one of the most famous theme parks in Japan.
Maihama Station is the nearest station.
There are many kinds of tickets for visitors to choose from.
The "After 6 passport" for admission after 6 p.m. is popular with high-school students and couples.
World Bazaar
Westernland
They are called the "FAB 5".
They always appear on stages and parades.
They are mostly found at Toontown.
Other characters at Toontown are Chip 'n Dale and Daisy Duck.