the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is similar to castration.
People get an oophorectomy for many reasons.
This may be to treat cancer or the menstrual cycle.
It has also been proposed as a way of treating female sexual predators, female hebephiles and female pedophiles by stopping their libido.
Arriva Southern Counties is a bus company.
It is a division of Arriva, which operates services in East Sussex, Essex, Kent, Surrey and West Sussex.
Arriva Guildford & West Surrey
Arriva Guildford & West Surrey operate in parts of West Sussex and Surrey.
Buses go to Redhill, Weybridge, Horsham and Camberley.
Arriva Kent Thameside
Arriva Kent Thameside operate in parts of Kent.
Buses go to Bluewater shopping centre, Dartford, Orpington, Greenhithe, Gravesend.
Fastrack
Arriva Kent Thameside also operate two Fastrack services, The buses serve Route A from Dartford and to Bluewater Shopping Centre, and Route B from Temple Hill to Gravesend.
The buses used are Wright StreetLites.
The buses are painted light purple and dark purple.
Arriva Medway Towns
Arriva Medway Towns operate in the Medway Towns and parts of Kent.
Buses go to the Medway Towns, Bluewater shopping centre and Gravesend.
Arriva Southend
Arriva Soundend operate in Essex.
Buses go to Southend-On-Sea, Rochford and Hadleigh.
Arriva Sapphire
The buses serve route 101 from Gillingham to Maidstone  and routes 480 and 490 from Valley Drive to Dartford.
The buses used are Alexander Dennis Enviro400 and Wright StreetLite.
The buses are painted light blue and dark blue.
Arriva website
Leoš Šimánek (born 19 April 1946) is a Czech traveler, photographer and mountaineer.
He wrote more than 20 books about his travels.
Šimánek studied civil engineering.
He left communist Czechoslovakia in 1968.
He settled in Germany where he gained citizenship and lived at different times of his life.
He worked as an architect in Passau.
He also lived in Canada where he built his own cabin.
He first wrote his books in German language but later also in his native Czech.
Apart of travel books, he also wrote a novel called V zajetí polární zimy.
As a mountaineer, he made first ascent at Mount Queen Bess in British Columbia.
Ewald Schurer (15 April 1954 – 2 December 2017) was a German politician.
He was born in Ebersberg, Germany.
Website from Ewald Schurer
The iPhone X is a smartphone designed by Apple Inc. It was revealed on September 12, 2017, at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park, at the same time as they released the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus.
The iPhone X was released in several countries on November 3, 2017.
This iPhone marks the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, with "X" representing the symbol "ten" in Roman numerals.
The iPhone X has an OLED display which measures 5.8 inches diagonally.
Apple calls this a "Super Retina Display".
It has a contrast ratio (the difference between the brightest a screen can be, and the darkest) of 1,000,000:1.
It is also very sharp, with a resolution of 2436-by-1125.
It is also able to change its color temperature using True Tone.
According to Greg Joswiak, Apple's vice president of product marketing, the screens Apple used in the iPhone X were made to avoid the "oversaturation" of colors that are displayed on most OLED panels by adjusting color so that it doesn't look too saturated or very intense.
It is available in two colors, Silver and Space Grey.
It has a glass casing which Apple claims is "the most durable ever in a smartphone", and the entire body is made from stainless steel.
Instead of Touch ID, a fingerprint scanner, it uses Face ID, which can recognize your face, even in total darkness or in direct sunlight.
It can't be fooled by photos and simple masks, because unlike other solutions, it uses infrared cameras and dot projectors to scan your face, which Apple calls the "TrueDepth camera system".
It can also scan through most eyeglasses and sunglasses, and it can still recognize you even if you change your hairstyle or grow a beard.
You can use Face ID for unlocking your phone or for Apple Pay.
The iPhone X has two cameras on the back.
The first one is a wide 12 MP camera.
It can record video at 1080p HD or 4K and slow-mo at 720p or 1080p.
The second camera is a zoom camera at also 12 MP.
Using the second camera, you can zoom optically, so the picture does not lose quality.
Together, the two cameras can be used for Portrait mode, which blurs the background and keeps the object or person in focus, and Portrait Lighting, which also does the same thing as Portrait Mode, but you can actually choose how the lighting looks.
In the front is a 7 MP camera.
Using the TrueDepth cameras, it can also do Portrait mode and Portrait Lighting, but also Animojis, which are animated emojis that copy your facial expressions.
There is no home button on the iPhone X.  The front and back are made of glass, and it allows for wireless charging with a Qi charger or with Apple's own wireless charging pad, AirPower.
Because the screen, which is very different from iPhones before, apps needed to be updated so that it fills the entire screen.
There are changes such as rounded corners, sensor "notch" at the top of the screen, and a sign for going to the home screen.
Apple published a "Human Interface Guidelines" document for explaining and discouraged app makers from attempting to hide the changes.
Mobile phones released in 2017
Mobile phones with multiple rear cameras
Kjell Olav Opseth (2 January 1936 – 3 December 2017) was a Norwegian politician.
He was Minister of Transport and Communications from 1990 to 1996.
He was also Minister of Local Government Affairs from 1996 to 1997.
He was born in Førde, Sunnfjord, Vestland.
Kjell Opseth at Storting.no
On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Vella, Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn and Vrin merged  into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
Vrin is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.
It is found of the district Surselva.
On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Vrin, Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn and Vella merged into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
In 1998, Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.
It was first mentioned in 1208 as Varin.
San Martín de Trevejo (Fala: Sa Martín de Trevellu) is a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.
Naudiha pranpur is a small village in Gaya district, Bihar (India).
It is 40 kilometers from Jharkhand state border, 150 kilometers southeast from capital of Bihar, Patna, and 50 kilometers from Gaya town in southeast direction.
This village is idle village of Fatehpur block and Naudiha sultanpur panchayatiraj.
Village - Naudiha pranpur
P.O-        Dharampur
P.S-         Fatehpur
Distt-       Gaya
Constituency- Bodhgaya
State-              Bihar
Country-          India
Continent -       Asia
PIN -                805128
Naudiha pranpur  is an agrigarian village.
Agriculture is the main and only one source of income.
Here, agriculture depend on monsoon and if monsoon fails, then drought condition happens.
List of crops are grown here
Arhar
Masoor
Fruits found in Naudiha Pranpur
Khazoor (date)
Plum (bair)
Ulli Lommel (21 December 1944 – 2 December 2017) was a German actor and director.
He was known for his works with Rainer Werner Fassbinder and his association with the New German Cinema movement.
Lommel was well known for the time which he spent at The Factory and as a creative associate of Andy Warhol.
From 1977 until his death, he lived and worked in the United States, where he wrote, directed and starred in over 50 movies.
His best known work was The Boogeyman (1980).
Fucking Liberty!
review by Bill Krohn
review (German)
Nava Semel (; born Nava Artzi; 15 September 1954 – 2 December 2017) was an Israeli author, playwright, screenwriter and translator.
Her short story collection Kova Zekhukhit  (Hat of Glass) was the first work of fiction published in Israel.
It addressed the topic of the "Second Generation" - children of Holocaust survivors.
Nava Semel Official website
Nava Semel at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature (ITHL)
"Nava Semel talks about the Jewish tragedy and the act of remembering", Interview with Bookaholic Romania, 23 March 2015
Thomas Aloysius Finlay (17 September 1922 – 3 December 2017) was an Irish judge and politician.
Finlay served as Chief Justice of Ireland from 1985 to 1994, Justice of the Supreme Court from 1985 to 1994, President of the High Court from 1974 to 1985 and Judge of the High Court from 1971 to 1985.
He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-Central constituency from 1954 to 1957.
Buangkok MRT Station (NE15) is a MRT station in Sengkang, Singapore.
It opened on 15 January 2006.
It opened after the public wanted it to be opened.
It is part of the North East MRT Line.
When the North East Line opened, it was one of the 2 completed MRT stations of North East Line that was not open, the other being Woodleigh which opened on 20 June 2011.
This station was originally planned to be opened with 15 other stations on the North East Line.
However, a few days before the opening, the operator SBS Transit decided not to open the station as the area around the station was undeveloped and the company claimed that the number of passengers would be too low to cover operating costs.
The opening date of the station was 15 January 2006.
The station was well maintained like any other station throughout the time before it was opened.
To prepare for the station's opening, the programming had to be updated to include Buangkok.
Residents had said they would be willing to walk 400 metres to the station every day.
The station opened on 15 January 2006.
SBS Transit expected around 3,500 passengers to use the station daily, which would be the lowest among all the stations along the line, resulting in the station making a loss.
However, the actual numbers was much lower than expected during its first week of operation.
Only an average of 1,386 passengers used the station each day.
For comparison, Clarke Quay station, which is the second most unused station, already had more than 6,000 passenger trips each day.
However, Clarke Quay was located in the Central Business District with considerable development in the area.
This was because the station was located over 400 metres from most residents' homes.
There is an artwork in the station.
It was made by Vincent Leow.
It is called Water, Nature and the Contemporary (current).
Hermann Schwörer (1 May 1922 – 24 November 2017) was a German politician.
He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.
Schwörer served in the Bundestag between 1958 and 1994.
From 1970 to 1979, Schwörer was a member of the European Parliament.
Anne Buydens (born Hannelore Marx, 23 April 1919 – 29 April 2021) was a German-born Belgian-American actress, philanthropist, and producer.
She was a member of the International Best Dressed List, beginning in 1970.
Buydens married actor Kirk Douglas in 1954.
Both Kirk Douglas and Buydens were behind the establishment of "Harry's Haven", an Alzheimer's disease unit at the Motion Picture & Television Fund Home in Woodland Hills.
It is named after Kirk Douglas's father.
The couple was known for their effort to rebuild playgrounds in the Los Angeles Unified School District.
All the Money in the World is a 2017 British-American historical crime drama movie directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Scarpa.
It is based on John Pearson's 1995 book Painfully Rich: The Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty.
It stars Michelle Williams, Christopher Plummer, Mark Wahlberg, Romain Duris, Charlie Plummer, Stacy Martin, Andrew Buchan, and Timothy Hutton.
The movie tells the story of how J. Paul Getty refused to cooperate with the group of kidnappers, from the organized crime Mafia group 'Ndrangheta, who kidnapped his grandson John Paul Getty III in the 1970s.
Kevin Spacey originally portrayed Getty Sr.
However, after multiple sexual assault allegations were revealed against Spacey, his scenes were cut and re-shot with Christopher Plummer.
Though re-shoots began on November 20, 2017, TriStar Pictures has the movie's United States release scheduled for December 22, 2017, but moved the date to December 25.
David Reece Bowen (born October 21, 1932) is an American politician.
He was born in Houston, Mississippi.
Bowen was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi.
He served for 2nd congressional district.
He served from January 3, 1973 through January 3, 1983.
Emily Jean Spencer Ashbrook (née Spencer; September 21, 1934) is an American politician.
She is the widow of Congressman John M. Ashbrook, Republican of Ohio.
She is also a former member of the United States House of Representatives herself, having completed her late husband's final term of office, also as a Republican from June 29, 1982 through January 3, 1983.
Edward Ford "Ed" Weber (born July 26, 1931) is an American politician.
He served one term in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from January 3, 1981 through January 3, 1983.
He won his district in 1980 due to Ronald Reagan's success in Ohio in the 1980 presidential election.
In 1982, however, he lost his re-election bid to Marcy Kaptur.
Willis David "Bill" Gradison Jr. (born December 28, 1928) is an American politician from Ohio.
He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.
Ronald Milton Mottl (born February 6, 1934) is an American politician.
He had been a member of the state House of Representatives of Ohio from 1987 to 1997.
He lost the Democratic primary to Ed Feighan in 1982, thereby losing his seat.
Thomas Andrew Luken (July 9, 1925 – January 10, 2018) was an American politician.
He was born born in Cincinnati, Ohio.
He also was the mayor of Cincinnati from 1971 to 1972.
In 1974, Luken won a special election in the Cincinnati-based 1st congressional district to fill out the term of William J. Keating, a Republican who resigned his seat.
However, Luken was defeated later that year in his bid for a full term by Republican Bill Gradison.
William John Keating (March 30, 1927 – May 20, 2020) was an American businessman and politician of the Republican Party.
From 1967-70, he served on the Cincinnati City Council.
Keating served in the United States House of Representatives from 1971-74, representing Ohio's 1st congressional district.
Keating resigned from Congress to become President and CEO of The Cincinnati Enquirer.
Jeannette Marie Schmidt (born November 29, 1951) is a former U.S. Representative for , serving from 2005 to 2013.
Jean Schmidt for Congress official campaign site
Profile on the Ohio Ladies' Gallery website
Brad Robert Wenstrup  (born June 17, 1958) is an American politician, Army Reserve officer, and Doctor of Podiatric Medicine, who has been the U.S. Representative for  since 2013.
Wenstrup is a member of the Republican Party.
He defeated U.S. Representative Jean Schmidt in the 2012 Republican primary election and Democrat William R. Smith in the 2012 general election.
Graham McTavish (born 4 January 1961) is a Scottish movie, television and voice actor.
McTavish appeared in the 2011 movie The Wicker Tree, Robin Hardy's sequel to his 1973 movie, The Wicker Man and played Dwalin in Peter Jackson's The Hobbit trilogy.
Andhra University is a Government run University located in Visakhapatnam.
It has an area of 171 hectares (422 acres).
Faculties and departments
Andhra University College of Arts and Commerce (established 1931)
Andhra University College of Engineering (established 1955)
Andhra University College of Engineering for Women (established 2010)
Andhra University College of Law (established 1945)
Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (established 1951)
Andhra University College of Science and Technology (established 1931)
Andhra University School of Distance Education (established 1972)
Katrín Jakobsdóttir (pronounced ; born 1 February 1976) is an Icelandic politician.
She is the 28th and current Prime Minister of Iceland since 30 November 2017.
She has been a member of the Althing (Iceland's parliament) for the Reykjavík North constituency since 2007.
She became deputy chairperson of the Left-Green Movement in 2003 and has been their chairperson since 2013.
Katrín was Iceland's Minister of Education, Science and Culture and of Nordic Co-operation from 2 February 2009 to 23 May 2013.
Nordic Labour Journal: Katrín Jakobsdóttir - party leader during times of change
The biology behind Reinforcement learning can be found at Operant conditioning, and Reward
Reinforcement learning (RL) is teaching a software agent how to behave in an environment by telling it how good it's doing.
It is an area of machine learning inspired by behaviorist psychology.
Reinforcement learning is different from supervised learning because the correct inputs and outputs are never shown.
Also, reinforcement learning usually learns as it goes (online learning) unlike supervised learning.
This means an agent has to choose between exploring and sticking with what it knows best.
A reinforcement learning system is made of a policy (), a reward function (), a value function (), and an optional model of the environment.
A policy tells the agent what to do in a certain situation.
It can be a simple table of rules, or a complicated search for the correct action.
Policies can even be stochastic, which means instead of rules the policy assigns probabilities to each action.
A policy by itself can make an agent do things, but it can't learn on its own.
A reward function defines the goal for an agent.
It takes in a state (or a state and the action taken at that state) and gives back a number called the reward, which tells the agent how good it is to be in that state.
The agent's job is to get the biggest amount of reward it possibly can in the long run.
If an action yields a low reward, the agent will probably take a better action in the future.
Biology uses reward signals like pleasure or pain to make sure organisms stay alive to reproduce.
Reward signals can also be stochastic, like a slot machine at a casino, where sometimes they pay and sometimes they don't.
A value function tells an agent how much reward it will get following a policy  starting from state .
It represents how desirable it is to be in a certain state.
Since the value function isn't given to the agent directly, it needs to come up with a good guess or estimate based on the reward it's gotten so far.
Value function estimation is the most important part of most reinforcement learning algorithms.
A model is the agent's mental copy of the environment.
It's used to plan future actions.
Knowing this, we can talk about the main loop for a reinforcement learning episode.
The agent interacts with the environment in discrete time steps.
Think of it like the "tick-tock" of a clock.
With discrete time, things only happen during the "ticks" and the "tocks", and not in between.
At each time , the agent observes the environment's state  and picks an action  based on a policy .
The next time step, the agent receives a reward signal  and a new observation .
The value function  is updated using the reward.
This continues until a terminal state  is reached.
Sylvester Emeka Igbonu (usually known as Sylvester Igboun; born 8 September 1990) is a Nigerian professional association football player.
He currently plays for FC Ufa in Russia.
His last name is Igbonu, but was misspelled when registering for a passport.
He has also played for the Danish club, FC Midtjylland.
FC Midtjylland profile
Career statistics  at Danmarks Radio
Luka Đorđević (Cyrillic: Лукa Ђорђевић; born 9 July 1994) is a Montenegrin professional association football player.
He is currently on loan with FC Arsenal Tula.
He played for FK Mogren in the 2011/2012 season.
He played 24 league matches with the club, and made one appearance in a UEFA Champions League qualification match against PFC Litex Lovech.
He played his first international match for Montenegro on 27 August 2012 against San Marino.
He also scored his first international goal in that match.
Luka Đorđević at Soccerway
Edwin Orlando Mosquera Roa (26 July 1985 – 2 December 2017) was a Colombian weightlifter.
He competed in the 69 kg weight division.
He won a silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games.
He also won two gold medals (2008 and 2010) and a silver medal (2016) at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships.
He was at the 2008 and 2016 Summer Olympics.
He was born in El Carmen de Atrato.
Mosquera died after being shot twice on 2 December 2017 in Palmira, Valle del Cauca.
Edwin Mosquera  at Sports-Reference.com
Rizvan Rashitovich Utsiyev (Russian: Ризван Рашитович Уциев; born 7 February 1988) is a Russian professional association football player of Chechen descent.
He is currently the captain of Akhmat Grozny.
Profile by Russian Premier League website
Player profile on FC Terek website
Yevgeni Stanislavovich Markov (Russian: Евгений Станиславович Марков; born 7 July 1994) is a Russian professional association football player.
He currently plays for FC Tosno.
He played his first match with Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg on 15 July 2013 in a game against FC Tosno.
He played his first match in the Russian Football National League on 7 September 2014 for Yenisey Krasnoyarsk against Volga Nizhny Novgorod.
Profile by Russian Football National League
Yevgeni Markov at Soccerway
Moscow "Southern Gate" Central Bus Terminal is the main bus station of Moscow, located in the south side of the city and opened in 2015.
The station is replacing the Old Moscow Central Bus Terminal that opened in 1971.
Moscow "Southern Gate" Central Bus Terminal - official site
Victor Vinícius Coelho dos Santos (also known as Vitinho; born 9 October 1993) is a Brazilian professional association football player.
He currently plays for Flamengo.
He has played for the Brazilian club, Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas.
In the 2013 season, he scored 4 goals in 16 Série A games.
Vitinho signed a 5-year contract with PFC CSKA Moscow on 2 September 2013.
He was usually just used as a substitute.
Botafogo was interested in loaning Vitinho back to the club.
On 16 January 2015, Vitinho joined Sport Club Internacional on a one-year loan deal.
The loan was extended to the end of 2016.
He also extended his contract with CSKA Moscow to 2020.
He returned to CSKA Moscow in January 2017.
Campeonato Carioca (1): 2013
CSKA
Russian Premier League (1): 2013–14
Russian Super Cup (1): 2014
Campeonato Gaúcho (2): 2015, 2016
Vitinho at Soccerway
The Old Moscow Central Bus Terminal was the main bus station of Moscow from 1971 until 2015.
The station was closed in 2015 when the new Moscow "Southern Gate" Central Bus Terminal was open.
The station was located in the eastern side of the city and demolished.
Old Moscow Central Bus Terminal - official site (Russian)
The PSL Research University (PSL) is a public university in Paris, France.
PSL has ten members.
The university also has six research departments.
PSL students, graduates, and faculty members are famous for being given many awards.
The university has been started in 2010.
PSL, official web site
Marek Antoni Frąckowiak (16 August 1950 – 6 November 2017) was a Polish actor.
He had roles in Niespotykanie spokojny człowiek, Ekipa, Ballada o Januszku and The Last Wish.
He also voiced many popular movies, television shows and video games from outside of Poland into Polish.
Frąckowiak was born in Łódź.
He was married to Ewa Złotowska.
Frąckowiak died of spinal cancer on 6 November 2017 in Łódź.
Sir James Marriott (29 October 1730 – 21 March 1803) was a famous British judge, politician and scholar.
He is famous for being in the highest court in Britain.
He judged a lot of legal trials involving boats and the British Navy, he most helped lawyers by writing a book about American law.
James Marriott was born on 29 October 1730.
In June 1746 he was sent to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and graduated in 1751.
Although he had wanted a job in the church, he decided to switch to law in 1755, maybe because his stepfather, a very good lawyer, told him to.
He spent three years as librarian to the Duke of Newcastle.
He joined the College of Advocates and began his legal job in which he wrote two books on law.
While he served the Duke of Newcastle, he began to flatter others with nice words, which gave him the job of Receiver of Land Tax for Suffolk, but did not do much else until King George III was made king in 1760, when he left Newcastle for the new king.
In 1767 he was made king's advocate, mostly because there was no one else to do it.
In 1767 he served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge for a year and in 1768.
For the next ten years he kept trying to get a better job, making Lord Grafton very angry in the process.
In 1778 he was knighted and made the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, responsible for cases involving boats and the Navy.
His work as king's advocate was not impressive, because of his lack of good choice-making and bad courtroom behaviors, as well as his aggressive speeches against his own co-workers.
In 1781 he was elected to Parliament for Sudbury.
Marriott worked for Lord Shelburne, who strongly opposed war.
The French Revolutionary Wars in 1793 caused the Navy to be used more and more, which made Marriott judge on more cases than he normally would, even though he was able to make some important decisions.
He was also re-elected for his Parliament job in 1796.
he had supported someone else, but then changed his mind and ran for election himself.
Marriott remained in Parliament until 1802, shortly before he died.
Marriott quit his job in 1798.
He returned to Twinstead Hall and stayed there until he died on 21 March 1803, having rebuilt the local church.
The year before he died he wrote his most important book, Formulare instrumentarum, a book about his job with Naval law that caused Naval law in the United States to change.
He also made a lot of poems and legal books that were not important.
He never married, his one try in 1760 causing both the girl and her father to say "no."
Instead he took care of his mother until her death.
James Marriott at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
CS1 errors: external links
Swiss Federal Railways (short: SBB, , , , ) is the national railway company of Switzerland.
It is also called SBB CFF FFS.
The company was founded in 1902.
The SBB website
The SBB cargo website
The CityNightLine website
Davos Wiesen () is a village in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.
It is part of the municipality of Davos.
Official website of Davos Wiesen
Official website of Davos
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, (, Mozaffar Ŝāh-e Qājār, Muẓaffari’d-Dīn Shāh Qājār; 23 March 1853 – 3 January 1907) was the fifth Qajar dynasty king of Persia.
He reigned between the years 1896 and 1907.
Iranian Cinema: Before the Revolution
Carles Santos () (1 July 1940 – 4 December 2017) was a Spanish artist.
He began his career as a pianist and later worked in many other creative areas, including musical composition, filmmaking, screenwriting, acting, scenic musical shows, graphics, montage, sculpture, photography,  poetry, and prose.
He was born in Vinaròs, Valencian Community (Spain).
Un dit és un dit (a finger is a finger).
36 minutes piece for Cave Canis number 9.
Arif Dirlik (1940 – December 1, 2017) was a Turkish-American historian.
He has published many works on historiography and political ideology in modern China, as well as issues in modernity, globalization, and post-colonial criticism.
Dirlik received a BSc in Electrical Engineering at Robert College, Istanbul in 1964 and a PhD in History at the University of Rochester in 1973.
http://www.pwias.ubc.ca/information/ar-05-06.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20051113023514/http://www.anthropology.emory.edu/FACULTY/ANTBK/PDFs/AAA_02_Dirlik.PDF
https://web.archive.org/web/20040507055510/http://sociology.snu.ac.kr/isdpr/publication/journal/28-2/1Arif.pdf
Dimensions of Chinese Anarchism: An Interview with Arif Dirlik
Manuel Marín González (21 October 1949 – 4 December 2017) was a Spanish politician.
He was a former President of the Congress of Deputies.
He was a long-time member of the European Commission, and acting President during the Santer Commission following the resignation of the Jacques Santer.
Presidents of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
James Hood (16 May 1948 – 4 December 2017) was a Scottish Labour Party politician.
He was the Member of Parliament (MP) from 1987 until 2015.
He represented the Clydesdale constituency until 2005, and the Lanark and Hamilton East thereafter.
constituency website in use while Hood was an MP
Ian Robert Twitchin (22 January 1952 – 3 December 2017) was an English footballer.
He played as a right back and midfielder.
He spent his entire professional career with Torquay United, making 401 appearances in The Football League.
He later played for Minehead and Newton Abbot Spurs (where he was player-manager).
He was born in Teignmouth, Devon.
Paul James "Mackenzie" Crook (born 29 September 1971) is a British actor, writer, director and comedian.
He is best known for playing Gareth Keenan in The Office, Ragetti in the Pirates of the Caribbean movies and Orell in the HBO series Game of Thrones.
He is also the creator and star of the BBC Four sitcom Detectorists.
The series earnt him a BAFTA Award in 2015.
Crook was born in Maidstone, Kent, England.
He grew up in Dartford, Kent.
He has been married to Lindsay since April 2001.
The couple have two children, a son and a daughter.
The Office is a British mockumentary sitcom.
It was shown on BBC Two.
It began on 9 July 2001 and ended on 27 December 2003.
The series was created, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant.
The series starred Gervais, Martin Freeman, Mackenzie Crook, Lucy Davis, Oliver Chris, Patrick Baladi, Stacey Roca, Ralph Ineson, Stirling Gallacher, Joel Beckett and Ewen MacIntosh.
The Office is about David Brent (Gervais), an office manager in Slough, and his employees dealing with his cringe personality.
Bocconi University () is a private university in Milan, Italy.
It  provides undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate education.
The university's main subjects are economics, business management, finance, law, political science and public administration.
Bocconi University was founded in 1902 by Ferdinando Bocconi, an Italian politician and business man.
He named the university after his son Luigi.
Luigi was a soldier in the Italian army.
He was killed in 1896 in a war between Italy and Ethiopia.
The center of the present campus of Bocconi University is on Via Sarfatti.
Since then several new buildings have been added.
In 2017 the university had a total of 14,396 students.
About 1600 students come from outside Italy.
The president of the university is Mario Monti.
Men's rights movement is a movement where men try to improve the lives of men.
They focus on many topics such as adoption, male suicide and male homelessness.
These movements started showing up in the 1970s.
Some of these movements approve of feminism, other movements are against it.
Elmar Faber (1 April 1934 – 3 December 2017) was a German book publisher.
He was the head publisher of Aufbau-Verlag from 1983 to 1992.
In 1990, he co-founded publisher Faber & Faber with his son Michael.
He was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2007.
His autobiography was published in 2014.
He was born in Deesbach, Thuringia.
Elmar Faber at Perlentaucher.de
Dylan William Moran (born 3 November 1971) is an Irish comedian, writer, actor and filmmaker.
He is best known for his roles in the British sitcom Black Books (2000–2004), which he also co-created, and the movies Shaun of the Dead (2004), Run, Fatboy, Run (2007) and A Film with Me in It (2008).
He has won two BAFTA Awards for Black Books.
Moran was born in Navan, County Meath.
He is marred to Elaine.
They live in Edinburgh, with their two children.
Henning Jenson (17 August 1949 – 4 December 2017) was a Danish footballer.
He played for German club Borussia Mönchengladbach, Spanish club Real Madrid, Dutch club Ajax and Danish club AGF Aarhus.
He won seven trophies in his club career, including four league titles.
He also played for the Denmark national team from 1972 to 1980, scoring nine goals in 21 games.
He was born in Nørresundby.
Henning Jensen at dbu.dk
Jáchym Topol (born 4 August 1962) is a Czech writer and journalist.
He is a son of playwright Josef Topol and older brother of singer Filip Topol.
In the 1980s, he was one of founders of Revolver Revue magazine which was published in samizdat.
He is known for his debut novel City Sister Silver (Sestra in Czech) which was published in 1994.
It was adaoted into the movie of the same name in 2008.
He received Tom Stoppard Prize in 1988 and Jaroslav Seifert Prize in 2010.
Tiefencastel () was a municipality in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
It was the capital of the Albula district.
It is next to the Albula and Julier passes.
In 2013, 254 people lived there.
Manspach is a commune.
It is in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.
Rudolf "Rudi" Gramlich (6 June 1908 – 14 March 1988) was a German football player.
Ahmed Osman (Arabic: أحمد عصمان; born January 3, 1930) is a Moroccan politician.
He was the Prime Minister of Morocco between November 2, 1972, and March 22, 1979.
Osman was married to Princess Lalla Nuzha of Morocco since 1964 to 1977, a sister of King Hassan II.
He is also founder of the National Rally of Independents.
Profumo affair
At the height of the Cold War, she became sexually involved with a married government minister, John Profumo, as well as a Soviet diplomat.
A shooting incident between two of her other lovers caused the press to investigate her, revealing that her affairs could be threatening national security.
In the House of Commons, Profumo denied any improper conduct but later admitted that he had lied.
This incident discredited the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan in 1963 in what became known as the Profumo affair.
On 5 December 2017, Keeler died at the Princess Royal University Hospital in Farnborough, London from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Christine Keeler (1942–), model: Sitter in 10 portraits
Christine Keeler's private photo album
The Lateran Treaty was established between Benito Mussolini and the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church in the year 1929.
It made Vatican City an actual country and gave it independence from the affairs of Italy.
Vatican City is one of the smallest countries in the world.
Ali Amini (12 September 1905 – 12 December 1992) was an Iranian politician and writer.
He was the Prime Minister of Iran from 6 May 1961 to 19 July 1962.
Amini was born on 12 September 1905 in Tehran.
He was a grandson of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar  through his mother, Fakhr ol dowleh .
In 1979, Amini moved to Paris,  France.
There he headed the Front for the Liberation of Iran, a monarchist opposition group .
He complained about internal struggle among the exiled Iranian monachists.
He said "We're not even back in Tehran [and] they quarrel over the name of the country's future Prime Minister".
Amini died in Paris on 12 December 1992, aged 87.
His body was buried in Passy Cemetery .
Transcript of Amini interview as part of Harvard Iranian Oral History Project directed by Habib Ladjevardi
A Christmas card is a greeting card, given around Christmas.
The first Christmas card was given in 1843 by Sir Henry Cole who gave the card to his friend who gave him the idea to make the card.
Christmas cards usually have designs based around Christmas.
Jean-Philippe Léo Smet (15 June 1943 – 6 December 2017), better known by his stage name Johnny Hallyday, was a French rock and roll singer and actor.
He has completed 181 tours, had 18 platinum albums and sold more than 110 million records worldwide in his lifetime.
Some of his best known hits include "Retiens la nuit", "Souvenirs, souvenirs", "Le pénitencier", "Que je t'aime", "Requiem pour un fou", "Marie", "Allumer le feu", "Laura", "Je te promets", "Sang pour sang".
He was sometimes called the "French Elvis Presley" though he wouldn't stick to only sing as Presley did.
Johnny Hallyday appeared in the movies The Specialist (1969), Détective (1985) and Crime Spree (2003).
He was not very well known outside the French-speaking world.
Halliday was born in Paris.
His father was from Belgium and his mother was French.
He had five marriages and had four children.
Hallyday had surgery for colorectal cancer in 2009.
He revealed he had lung cancer in 2017.
He died on 6 December 2017 in Marnes-la-Coquette, Paris, at the age of 74.
Sheila Cameron Hancock  (born 22 February 1933) is a British actress and author.
She works mostly on stage.
She won a Laurence Olivier Award for Cabaret.
For her role in Entertaining Mr Sloane (1966) she was nominated for a Tony Award.
She also had roles in Sweeney Todd (1980), The Winter's Tale (1982), Prin (1989) and Sister Act (2010).
She appeared in the movie The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008).
Hancock was born in Blackgang on the Isle of Wight, England.
Her first husband, Alec Ross, died from oesophageal cancer in 1971.
She later married actor John Thaw in 1973.
He also died from oesophageal cancer in 2002.
Rudolph G. Wilson (June 17, 1935 – December 4, 2017) was an American professor, writer, storyteller and public speaker.
He was known by his students as "Papa Rudy".
He was the first African American member of the Edwardsville School Board.
He later became the first elected black president of the school board.
In 1965, he became the first African American to teach in an all-white school
He was married to Sandrah Lavernn Wilson.
IC 418 is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Lepus.
It is about 1,100 light-years away from Earth.
The Sculptor galaxy, also called the  silver coin galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor.
It is about 11 million light-years away from Earth.
NGC 6861 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Telescopium, discovered by James Dunlop in 1826.
Pavement lights are usually put into sidewalks or floors to let sunlight into a room below it.
They are sometimes called vault lights or sidewalk prisms.
They were much used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when electric lighting was very expensive.
Some cities are removing these lights, but others are keeping and restoring them.
Pavement lights give sunlight into the basements below it during the day, and the basement gives light to the sidewalk from below during the night.
These lights are meant to make basements more useful in cities and places where space is scarce.
In places with high rent, these lights may make an area look better, which helps landlords make more money.
People with these lights can also save on electricity during the day, because the lights are clear like a window, where sunlight can go through.
Many years ago, pavement lights were advertised as a way of saving on electricity costs and making places look better.
Today's science has proven that they were right.
Pavement lights are also used in floors with glass roofs.
They could be put in a floor below another floor with more pavement lights, letting sunlight go through more than one floor.
Manhole covers were also made with pavement lights.
Most old cities have pavement lights, or at least, they have had them in the past.
These lights are about 100 years old.
However, some new pavement lights are being made, even today.
OBI GmbH & Co. Deutschland KG is a German multinational home improvement supplies retailing company.
The company was founded in 1970.
It is the largest DIY retailer in Europe, and the third-largest in the world, after The Home Depot and Lowe's.
It is headquartered in Wermelskirchen, Germany.
OBI website
August Ames (born Mercedes Grabowski; August 23, 1994 – December 5, 2017) was a Canadian-American pornographic actress and model.
She was born in Antigonish, Nova Scotia.
She appeared in almost 290 movies.
She won two AVN Awards in 2015 and in 2017, and is nominated for one in 2018.
Ames was born in Antigonish, Nova Scotia.
She was raised in Colorado Springs, Colorado during her teenage years.
In her early years, she worked as a nanny, animal-assisted aid and horseback trainer.
Some of her best known works were Safe Landings, 8Oil Overload, Don't Tell Hubby, 10 Missing, Spandex Loads, Dirty Talk, Big Wet Breasts, Naturally Delicious, Flesh Hunter, Raw Talent 3 and Titty Attack 8.
On December 3, 2017, Ames sent out a tweet saying that she would never work with a man who had been in gay pornography.
Ames, herself a bisexual, was criticized by people accusing her of homophobia.
On December 5, 2017, Ames was found dead at her home in Camarillo, California after hanging herself at the age of 23.
Her husband confirmed her death.
She suffered from depression during her final years.
The phrase, long used in this sense by social activist Tarana Burke, was popularized by actress Alyssa Milano, who encouraged women to tweet it to publish their experience to reject the widespread nature of misogynistic behavior.
In the manosphere, some people described the Me Too movement as misandric.
Me too Movement  movement website
The 1958 Atlantic hurricane season included every tropical cyclone either affecting or threatening land.
Parisa Damandan, or Parīsā Damandān Nafīsī̄ (born  1967, Esfahān, Iran) is an Iranian  photographer and art  historian.
She is the author of Portrait photographs from Isfahan: Faces in transition, 1920-1950, a book illustrating the history of Isfahan in the early 20th century with portrait photographs, which she collected over a period of ten years; the photographs were hard to find because many photo archives in Isfahan had been burned after the enactment of a 1979 law forbidding depictions of unveiled women.
Book description and author biography for "Portrait photographs from Isfahan
"Saving what can be saved - the story of Parisa Damandan".
Rozaneh Magazine.
Shirin Tabibzadeh.
VI (36).
Parisā (, pronounced pə-REE-sa) is a Persian given name for girls.
It means 'like a fairy'.
"Pari" can be used as a diminutive of Parisa.
Pari () (pronounced pər-REE) means "fairy" and is used as a name of its own right as well.[2] Pari does not mean angel. "
Fereshteh" () is a feminine given name which actually happens to mean angel.
The Pari (or Peri) in Persian mythology are described to be a race of beautiful and benevolent supernatural fairy beings, earlier regarded as malevolent.
Risa (given name) can be used as a nickname also.
Parysatis, the wife of Darius I of Persia II, king of the Persian Empire
Parysatis II, the youngest daughter of Artaxerxes III of Persia, who was the wife of Alexander the Great.
Parisa Damandan, Iranian art historian
Parisa (born Fātemeh Vā'ezi), Iranian singer of Persian classical music
Princess  Disc jockey  Parisa,  a niece of Mohsen Movaghar, Majid Movaghar and a grand daughter of Hossein Movaghar .
http://www.behindthename.com/name/parisa
http://www.behindthename.com/name/pari
Wakaleo schouteni is an extinct marsupial that once lived in Australia.
It is closely related to the marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, which lived until 30,000 years ago.
Wakaleo schouteni is estimated to have become extinct about 19 million years ago.. It was the size of a small dog, and would have weighed about 23 kg.
Scientists have estimated it is one of the oldest known members of the marsupial lion family.
The small marsupial lion has been named after wildlife artist, Peter Schouten.
He has worked with paleontologists from the University of New South Wales, studying the fossils at the Riversleigh site in Queensland.
They found the fossilized skull, teeth and humerus bone of the marsupial lion.
At the time it lived the area would have been rainforest and it would have eaten small birds, possums and lizards.
Anusvara (Sanskrit:  )is the diacritic used to mark a type of nasal sound used in a number of Indic scripts.
Bengali: may written as Onushshar, Onushshor, Anusbar, Onusbar, Onuswar
অনুস্বার onushshar in Bengali is written as a circle above a slanted line (ং), and represents /ŋ/. It is used in the name of the Bengali language বাংলা [baŋla].
It has merged in pronunciation with the letter ঙ ungô in Bengali.
Although the onushshar is a consonant in Bengali phonology, it is nevertheless treated in the written system as a diacritic in that it is always directly adjacent to the preceding consonant, even when consonants are spaced, apart in titles or banners: বাং-লা-দে-শ bang-la-de-sh, not বা-ং-লা-দে-শ ba-ng-la-de-sh for বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh It is never pronounced with the inherent vowel "ô", and it cannot take a vowel sign (instead, the consonant ঙ ungô is used pre-vocalically).
William Howard Gass (July 30, 1924 – December 6, 2017) was an American novelist, critic and philosophy professor.
He wrote three books, Omensetter's Luck (1966), The Tunnel (1995) and Middle C (2013).
He also wrote three collections of short stories, a collection of novellas and seven volumes of essays.
Gass was born in Fargo, North Dakota.
He grew up in Warren, Ohio.
He was married to architect Mary Henderson.
They had twin daughters.
Ivan Feodosiyovych Korsak (; 15 September 1946 – 7 December 2017) was a Ukrainian writer and journalist.
He was best known as chief editor of the newspaper Simya i Dim.
He was also worked at newspapers such as Radyans'ke Polissya, Narodna trybuna and Literary Ukraine.
He was born in Zabolottya, Volyn Oblast.
Philippe M.P.J. Maystadt (14 March 1948 – 7 December 2017) was a Belgian politician.
He served as Belgium's Minister of Finance from 1988 to 1998.
He was also President of the European Investment Bank from 2000 to 2011.
He also served as a federal and regional (Walloon) parliamentarian.
Besides his political activities he was a professor at the Université catholique de Louvain.
Stephen Wiltshire  (born 24 April 1974) is a British architectural artist.
He is known for being able to draw from memory a landscape after seeing it just once.
His work has gained worldwide popularity.
In 2006, he was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to art.
He opened a gallery on the Royal Opera Arcade in London in 2007.
Wiltshire was born in London, England.
His father was from Barbados.
His mother is from Saint Lucia.
He has autism.
Mirza ( or ; ) is a name of Persian origin.
It is used as a surname or prefix to identify patriarchal lineage.
It is derived from a historical  Title role of Persian origin (Mīrzā), denoting the rank of a royal  prince , high nobleman , or a military commander equivalent to a nobleman.
It is usually defined in English as Prince of the blood.
Specifically, it was used as a title by and today signifies patriarchal lineage to the various  Persian Empire , Turkish  Ottoman Empire , the  Shirvanshahs  and Circassians of the Caucasus, Mughals / Moguls or Muslim Rajputs of the Indian Subcontinent.[2] It was also a title bestowed upon members of the highest aristocracies in Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan.
The word Mīrzā is derived from the Persian term ‘Amīrzāde which literally means "child of the ‘Amīr" or "child of the ruler".[3] ‘Amīrzād in turn consists of the Arabic title ‘Amīr (english: Emir), meaning "commander" and "Prince", and the Persian suffix -zād, meaning "birth" or "lineage".
Due to vowel harmony in Turkic languages, the alternative pronunciation Mortar (weapon) (plural morzalar; derived from the Persian word) is also used.
The word Mirza means royalty in almost every old version of Persian, Arab, Caucasian, Turkish and Indian languages.
Royal title
The titles themselves were given by the King, Sultan and Emperor (equivalent to the western Fount of honour) to their sons and grandsons, or even distant kins.
Noblemen loyal to the kings also received this Title.
The title itself is derived from the title Emir.
Emir, meaning "commander" or "Prince", is derived from the Semitic root "Amr", meaning "command".
Originally it simply meant "commander" or "leader", usually in reference to a group of people.
It came to be used as a title of governors or rulers, typically in smaller states, and usually renders the English word "Prince."
The word entered English in 1595, from the French émir
"Mirza Definition".
Collins Dictionary.
n.d
mirza.
CollinsDictionary.com.
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition.
An Advent calendar is a special calendar that counts the days to Christmas through the month of December.
Most of them start on the first day of December, but sometimes they include the last few days of November because of the Christian advent.
The advent calendar was used first by German Lutherans from 1800 to 1900, but now many Christians use them.
Looks and use