the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In January 1827 Blaxland was elected by a public meeting with two others to ask Governor Darling for "Trial by jury" and "Taxation by Representation" for the colony.
He died by his own hand in 1 January 1853 in New South Wales.
He is buried in All Saints Cemetery in Parramatta.
The township of Blaxland in the Blue Mountains is named after him.
So is the Division of Blaxland.
A watchdog timer is a component of an electronic system that makes sure the system is operating properly.
These components can either be done as a piece of hardware or as software.
Depending on the intended use, they either signal that a system is not working properly, or they make a system work properly again.
A watchdog timer may cause a system to reset itself to its initial state.
William Lawson (banker) (1772–1848), businessman, office holder, justice of the peace and politician born in Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
William Lawson (co-operator) (1836-1916) co-operator and agriculturalist
William Lawson (explorer) (1774–1850), explorer of New South Wales, Australia
William Lawson (speedway rider)
B.J. Lawson, William "B.J." Lawson (born 1974), 2008 Republican Party nominee in North Carolina
William Lawson (writer) (1875–1957), Australian poet
William Lawson (2 June 1774 – 16 June 1850) was an explorer of New South Wales, Australia.
He helped discover a passage inland through the Blue Mountains from Sydney.
Lawson was born in Finchley, Middlesex, England.
He is the son of Scottish parents.
Lawson came to Sydney as an ensign with the New South Wales Corps in November 1800.
He was soon posted to Norfolk Island.
After 1808, Lawson was appointed aide-de-camp to George Johnston.
He was given 500 acres (2 km²) at Prospect.
He built a 40-room mansion there.
They left on 11 May 1813 with four servants, five dogs and four horses.
The route they travelled is still the one used by travellers today.
On 31 May 1813 they reached Mount Blaxland and could see the plains to the west.
Lawson was rewarded with a grant of 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land.
He ended up one of the largest land-holders in Australia.
He was made a magistrate and was appointed commandant at Newcastle.
In 1819 Governor Lachlan Macquarie made a new settlement, Bathurst.
He made Lawson commander of the Bathurst settlement.
Lawson had this job until 1823.
From Bathurst, Lawson explored as far north as Mudgee.
After leaving the army, Lawson was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1843 to 1848.
He died at Veteran Hall on 16 June 1850.
The town of Lawson in the Blue Mountains is named for him.
William Charles Wentworth (13 August 1790 – 20 March 1872) was an Australian poet, explorer, journalist and politician.
He was one of the leading figures of early colonial New South Wales.
He was the first native-born Australian to get a reputation overseas.
He wanted self-government for the Australian colonies.
In 1796 Wentworth arrived in Sydney.
It was then a poor prison settlement.
The family lived at Parramatta.
His father became a prosperous landowner.
In 1802 he was sent to England.
He went to a school in London.
He returned to Sydney in 1810.
He was appointed acting Provost-Marshall by Governor Lachlan Macquarie.
He was given a land grant of  on the Nepean River.
Crossing the Blue Mountains
In 1813 Wentworth, along with Gregory Blaxland and William Lawson, led the trip which found a route across the Blue Mountains.
The town of Wentworth Falls in the Blue Mountains is named for him.
As a reward he was given another .
Studying in England
Wentworth  returned to England in 1816.
There he was admitted to the bar, travelled in Europe, and studied at Cambridge University.
In 1819 Wentworth published the first book written by an Australian: A Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of the Colony of New South Wales and Its Dependent Settlements in Van Diemen's Land, With a Particular Enumeration of the Advantages Which These Colonies Offer for Emigration and Their Superiority in Many Respects Over Those Possessed by the United States of America.
He said there should be an elected assembly for New South Wales, trial by jury and settlement of Australia by free emigrants rather than convicts.
Wentworth successfully completed his legal studies by 1822 and was called to the bar.
In 1823 he was admitted to Peterhouse, Cambridge.
That year he also published an epic poem Australasia, which contains lines now famous in Australia:
And, O Britannia!...
may this — thy last-born infant — then arise,To glad thy heart, and greet thy parent eyes;
And Australasia float, with flag unfurl’d,A new Britannia in another world!
Wentworth returned to Sydney in 1824.
He was joined by Robert Wardell.
His father died in 1827 and William inherited his property.
This made him one of the wealthiest men in the colony.
Wentworth became Vice-President of the Australian Patriotic Association and founded a newspaper, The Australian.
It was the colony's first privately owned paper.
He was elected to the Council in 1843 and soon became the leader of the conservative party.
He was against the liberals led by Charles Cowper.
In 1853 Wentworth chaired the committee to draft a new constitution for New South Wales.
In 1856 Wentworth retired from the Council and settled in England.
In 1963 he was honoured, together with Blaxland and Lawson, on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post showing the Blue Mountains crossing.
Another stamp was issued again in 1974 on the anniversary of the first newspaper publication.
A Statistical Account of the British Settlements in Australasia (1819)
Journal of an expedition, across the Blue Mountains, 11 May-6 June 1813, 1813
Australasia: a poem written for the Chancellor's Medal at the Cambridge commencement, July 1823, London: G. and W.B. Whittaker, 1823
A battleship is a kind of large warship.
It has metal armour and has large (heavy caliber) guns.
Battleships are larger, better armed and armored than cruisers and destroyers.
Battleships were mainly around from about 1880 to the 1940s, though some were still used as late as the Gulf War in 1991.
For most of this time, battleships were the most powerful and most expensive kind of warship.
Today some battleships are still around but these are museums.
In the 19th century, different countries tried to build bigger and better warships.
One of the first ships with iron armor was called Gloire, from 1859.
This ship had both sails and a steam engine which drove a propellor, as well as guns the fired explosive shells.
This was a kind of ship called an ironclad.
A few years later, ironclads were used in the American Civil War.
Britain and France kept trying to build warships that were better than each other.
Later in the 19th century other countries like Germany, Russia, Japan, Italy and the United States also built many battleships.
Different countries used new inventions to make their ships more powerful, with things like steel armour, rifled guns, and better kinds of steam engine.
By around 1890 people started to call their best ships 'battleships' instead of 'ironclads'.
Many people, including many Admirals and politicians, thought battleships were very important.
If there was a war, the country with the best battleships would win, by sinking the other side's navy and stopping them bringing food and goods into their country (called a blockade).
But battleships were also very expensive, and other people thought it was better to spend the money on a better army, or things like pensions for old people.
In 1906, Britain made a new kind of battleship called HMS Dreadnought.
Though this ship was not much bigger, it had steam turbine engines which made it faster.
All of its guns were also very large, which meant it could damage other battleships more from further away.
People claimed one ship like Dreadnought could beat two earlier battleships, even battleships made just a few years before.
Soon many countries were building ships like this, and calling them 'Dreadnoughts'.
Many battleships were used in the First World War.
However, battleships were so important and expensive that neither side wanted to take a chance of losing a battle with them.
There were several battles with battleships.
The biggest one was the Battle of Jutland which involved dozens of battleships and hundreds of smaller ships.
But none of the battles made much difference.
Submarines made a bigger difference to the war, even though less people had expected them to.
At the end of the War, Germany was made to hand over all their battleships to Britain.
However, the German navy sank ("scuttled") their own battleships rather than give them to the British.
In 1922, most countries which had big navies signed a treaty called the Washington Naval Treaty which meant no-one would build new battleships for at least 10 years.
Battleships were also important at the start of World War II.
But by the middle of World War II, battleships had become less important than aircraft carriers.
Aircraft carriers had dozens of airplanes which could drop bombs or torpedos.
Even though battleships had thicker armour than ever, several hits from bombs or torpedos would still sink a battleship.
The planes could fly much further than a battleship's guns could shoot.
There were some important battles between battleships in World War II, but more often battleships were less important than aircraft carriers.
At battles like the Battle of Taranto and the Battle of Pearl Harbour many battleships were sunk by planes.
After World War II there was not much point to a battleship.
Aircraft carriers had become even better, because of jet aircraft and missiles.
Also, even a heavily armored battleship could be sunk by a nuclear bomb.
Even so the United States Navy kept a few battleships during the Cold War.
The very big guns on a battleship were still useful to shoot at shore targets if there was an invasion from the sea.
American battleships were also given new weapons like guided missiles to make them more useful if there was a war with Russia.
However, only the United States could afford to keep battleships like this.
No-one else did.
Some American battleships shot at Iraq in the Gulf War.
This was the last time when any battleships fought.
The United States kept battleships until 2004, when the last ones were made into museums.
Jōgen (Heian period) (貞元), Japanese era from 976 to 978
Jōgen (Kamakura period) (承元), Japanese era from 1207 to 1211
William Ray Guy (born December 22, 1949) is a retired American football punter for the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders.
Coming from the University of Southern Mississippi, he was the only pure punter ever to be selected in the first round of the NFL Draft when the Oakland Raiders selected him in 1973.
He won three Super Bowls with the Oakland Raiders also.
In some rules of football, a punt is a play in which a player drops the ball and kicks it before it touches the ground.
A punt is in contrast to a drop kick, in which the ball touches the ground before being kicked.
A drop kick is a type of kick in various rules of football.
It involves a player dropping the ball and then kicking it when it bounces off the ground.
It contrasts to a punt, wherein the player kicks the ball without letting it hit the ground first.
A single is when the batter safely reaches first base by hitting a fair ball and getting to first base before a fielder puts him out.
As an exception, a batter-runner reaching first base safely is not credited with a single when an infielder attempts to put out another runner on the first play; this is one type of a fielder's choice.
Also, a batter-runner reaching first base on a play due to a fielder's error trying to put him out at first base or another runner out (as a fielder's choice) is not credited with a single.
Singles leaders, Major League Baseball
Pete Rose - 3215
Ty Cobb - 3053
Eddie Collins - 2643
Cap Anson - 2598
Willie Keeler - 2513
Honus Wagner - 2422
Rod Carew - 2404
Tris Speaker - 2383
Tony Gwynn - 2378
Paul Molitor - 2366
Ichiro Suzuki () - 225
Willie Keeler (1898) - 206
Ichiro Suzuki () - 203
Lloyd Waner () - 198
Willie Keeler (1897) - 193
In baseball, a fair ball is a batted ball that gives the batter to attempt to reach first base.
In order for a batted ball to be fair, it must be hit in such a way that it:
settles on fair ground between home and first base, or between home and third base; or
is on or over fair territory when bounding past first or third base; or
touches first, second, or third base, which are all in fair territory; or
touches the body of an umpire or player while the ball is on or over fair territory (unless it touches the batter in the batter's box, or bounces off the ground and immediately hits the bat); or
passes out of the playing field in flight while over fair territory, or touches any part of the foul pole, including any attached screen, while in flight; or
strikes any object for which the ballpark specifies that a batted ball which strikes it is a fair ball (e.g., a roof if present)
An error does not count as a hit but still counts as an at bat for the batter unless, in the scorer's judgment, the batter would have reached first base safely but one or more of the additional base(s) reached was the result of the fielder's mistake.
In that case, the play will be scored both as a hit (for the number of bases the fielders should have limited the batter to) and an error.
However, if a batter is judged to have reached base solely because of a fielder's mistake, it is scored as a "hit on error," and treated the same as if a batter was put out, which would lower his batting average.
Similarly, a batter does not receive credit for an RBI when runs score on an error, unless the scorer rules that a run would have scored even if the fielder had not made a mistake.
For example, if a batter hits a ball to the outfield for what should be a sacrifice fly and the outfielder drops the ball for an error, the batter will still receive credit for the sacrifice fly and the run batted in.
In the game of baseball, the official scorer is a person appointed by the league to record the events on the field, and to send the official scoring record of the game back to the league offices.
In addition to recording the events on the field such as the outcome of each plate appearance and the circumstances of any baserunner's advance around the bases, the official scorer is also charged with making judgment calls that do not affect the progress or outcome of the game.
Judgment calls are primarily made about errors, unearned runs, fielder's choice, the value of hits in certain situations, and wild pitches, all of which are included in the record compiled.
A box score is a summary of the official scorer's game record.
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo is an American ballet company of males who dance in drag.
The company makes fun of romantic and classical ballet.
Peter Anastos, Natch Taylor, and Antony Bassae co-founded the "Trocks" in 1974 in New York City.
The company danced in small shows late at night in places on off-off Broadway.
Their first show was on September 9, 1974.
The artistic director in 2011 is Tory Dobrin.
The public's attention was directed to the company when Arlene Croce reviewed the "Trocks" in The New Yorker.
The "Trocks" have danced in many large cities worldwide.
In 2008 the company danced for Prince Charles at the Royal Variety Performance.
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo, official site
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo  at IMG Artists
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo  on glbtq.com
Archive film of Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo performing Le Lac des Cygnes (Swan Lake, Act II) in 2010 at Jacob's Pillow
The New South Wales Legislative Council is the upper house of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia.
The lower house is the Legislative Assembly.
The Council has 42 members.
Each member serves an eight-year term.
Half of the members are elected every four years.
Busby Berkeley (29 November 1895 – 14 March 1976) was a Hollywood movie director and movie musical choreographer.
He was famous for musical production numbers involving complex geometric patterns and armies of chorus girls and boys.
His famous movies include several Mickey Rooney / Judy Garland "let's put on a show" musicals and the Great Depression musicals 42nd Street, Footlight Parade, Gold Diggers of 1933, and Fashions of 1934.
Hooray for Hollywood: Busby Berkeley
Busby Berkeley at Classic Movie Favorites Tribute site: galleries, bio, filmography and more.
bio & pics on Busby Berkeley
The Parliament of South Australia is the legislature of the Australian state of South Australia.
It has the Legislative Council and the House of Assembly.
The House of Assembly (lower house) has 47 members.
The Legislative Council (upper house) has 22 councillors (MLCs).
Anzac Day is a day that happens once a year in Australia and New Zealand.
It is celebrated by both countries on 25th April every year.
It was to commemorate (honour) the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Now though, it celebrates all "who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served."
Anzac Day is also observed in the Cook Islands, Niue, Pitcairn, and Tonga.
In the past, it was a national holiday in Papua New Guinea or Samoa.
Thomas William "Tom" Roberts (9 March 1856 – 14 September 1931) was an Anglo-Australian artist.
He was an important member of the Heidelberg School.
Roberts parents were newspaper editors.
The family moved to Australia in 1869.
They lived in Collingwood.
He worked as a photographer's assistant through the 1870s.
He studied art at night under Louis Buvelot.
He became friends with Frederick McCubbin.
He returned to England for three years of full-time art study at the Royal Academy Schools from 1881 to 1884.
Through the 1880s and 1890s he worked in Victoria.
He married 35 year old Elizabeth (Lillie) Williamson in 1896.
They had a son, Caleb.
He spent World War I in England helping at a hospital.
This was a happy period in Roberts' life.
Elizabeth died in January 1928.
Tom remarried, to Jean Boyes, in August 1928.
He died in 1931 of cancer in Kallista near Melbourne.
He is buried near near Longford, Tasmania.
Roberts painted a lot of fine oil landscapes and portraits.
His most famous works, in his time, were two large works, Shearing the Rams and The Big Picture.
Roberts had a theme of showing country people working.
Many examples of Roberts' work can be seen at the National Gallery of Australia.
The Big Picture is at Parliament House, Canberra.
The Snowy Mountains scheme is a hydroelectricity and irrigation system in south-east Australia.
It has sixteen major dams; seven power stations; a pumping station; and 225 kilometres of tunnels, pipelines and aqueducts.
It was built between 1949 and 1974.
The Chief engineer was Sir William Hudson.
It is the largest engineering project in Australia.
Cinema of Australia means the system of production, distribution, and showing of movies in Australia.
Making movies in Australia started in 1906.
The Story of the Kelly Gang was the earliest feature movie ever made.
Since then, many movies have been made in Australia.
Many have got international praise.
Many actors and moviemakers started their careers in Australian movies.
Commercially successful Australian movies have included Paul Hogan's Crocodile Dundee,  Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!
and Chris Noonan's Babe.
Other award winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine and Ten Canoes.
Famous Australian trained actors include Errol Flynn, Peter Finch, Rod Taylor, Mel Gibson, Nicole Kidman, Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett and Heath Ledger.
The Australian movie history has been called 'boom and bust'.
This is because at times there are very few movies made and other times many movies are made.
List of highest-grossing Australian movies
Holly Hunter (born 20 March 1958) is an American actress.
She was born in Conyers, Georgia.
Hunter starred in The Piano for which she won the Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award.
Hunter was also nominated for Oscars for her roles in Broadcast News, The Firm, and Thirteen.
She has won two Emmy Awards.
Hunter has acted in many other movies.
They include Copycat, Living Out Loud, O Brother, Where Art Thou?,
Home for the Holidays, The Incredibles, Thirteen, and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.
Hunter's most outstanding television series was for the drama series Saving Grace (TV series), for which she won the Grace Allen Award, and was nominated for seven other awards.
The music of Australia is the music made in the area of, on the subject of, or by the people of modern Australia.
This includes its earlier Indigenous and colonial societies.
Indigenous Australian music is a part of a 40–60,000 year history which made the didgeridoo.
Combinations of Indigenous and Western styles show Australian additions to world music.
Some people who do this are Yothu Yindi, Christine Anu and Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu.
During its early western history, Australia was made of many British colonies.
Australian folk music and bush ballads such as Waltzing Matilda were influenced by Anglo-Celtic culture.
Classical forms came from those of Europe.
Current Australian music covers many trends.
They are often similar to those of the US, the UK, and similar nations.
There are oftem similarities in the Australian rock and Australian country music genres.
Notable Australian musicians include: the opera singers Dame Nellie Melba and Dame Joan Sutherland; country music stars Slim Dusty (Australia's biggest selling domestic artist) and John Williamson; solo artists John Farnham and Olivia Newton-John, folk-rocker Paul Kelly; Dance group The Avalanches; jazz guitarist Tommy Emmanuel; pioneer rocker Johnny O'Keefe, global folk-rock band The Seekers, global rock and pop bands Men At Work, The EasyBeats, Bee Gees, Air Supply, Crowded House, AC/DC, INXS, Little River Band, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Midnight Oil, Dragon, Silverchair, Youth Group, You Am I and Powderfinger; the "pop princess" Kylie Minogue, Pendulum, Pop Rock duo Savage Garden  and alternative music stars the John Butler Trio and Xavier Rudd.
Other popular artists and groups include The Choirboys, Chantoozies, Cheetah, Sharon O'Neill, Marc Williams, Peter Andre, Goanna, Australian Crawl, Rose Tattoo, Colleen Hewett, Keith Urban, The Angels, Ted Mullry Gang, Hush, The Mixtures, Helen Reddy, and Diana Trask.
Australian literature is the written or literary work made in the area or by the people of Australia and its preceding colonies.
During its early western history, Australia was many British colonies.
Therefore, its literary tradition is linked with English literature.
Since 1788, the character of a new continent came into the literature.
Themes included Aboriginality, mateship, egalitarianism, democracy, migrant and national identity, distance from other Western nations and proximity to Asia, the complexities of urban living and the "beauty and the terror" of life in the Australian bush.
Illus, Byzantine general (magister officiorum), and Verina (widow of the late emperor Leo I) try to overthrow emperor Zeno.
They try to place another general named Leontius on the throne.
The Ostrogoths are given status as foederati.
They control a large part of Macedonia and Thrace (Balkans).
March 10 – Pope Simplicius dies at Rome after a 15-year reign.
He is succeeded by Felix III as the 48th pope.
Xiao Baojuan, emperor of Southern Qi (d. 501)
Xuan Wu Di, emperor of Northern Wei (d. 515)
Yuan Xun, crown prince of Northern Wei (d. 497)
Zhu Yi, high official of Southern Liang (d. 549)
Crimthann mac Énnai, king of Leinster (Ireland)
March 10 – Pope Simplicius
Ingólfur Arnarson arrives as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland.
He settles in Reykjavík (probable date).
The Danes invade Mercia.
The territory of the Vistulans is conquered by King Svatopluk I of Great Moravia.
November – Frost begins in Scotland and lasts until April 875.
The rebellion of Huang Chao in China begins, weakening the strength of the already declining Tang Dynasty.
March 13 – The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Apostles, Constantinople.
Meng Zhixiang
January 1 – Hasan al-Askari, 11th Shia Imam
Qi He Di succeeds Qi Dong Hun Hou as ruler of the Chinese Southern Qi Dynasty.
Muryeong becomes king of Baekje.
Ahkal Mo' Naab' I comes to power in the Maya city of Palenque.
Pope Symmachus, who people said committed crimes.
He said non-religious law did not apply to him.
A synod held in 502 agreed with him.
Empress Dowager Lou Zhaojun
Xiao Tong
Icel, great-grandfather of Creoda of Mercia
Ravina II, rabbi
Su Xiaoxiao, Chinese poetess and courtesan
King Dongseong of Baekje, king of the Baekje Kingdom of Korea
Xiao Baojuan, emperor of Southern Qi Dynasty, commonly known as Marquess of Donghun
Consort Pan Yunu, Xiao Baojuan's favorite concubine
The Revolt of Vitalian is put down by forces loyal to Byzantine emperor Anastasius I
Hulü Guang
Yuwen Hu
Gao Zhao
Xuan Wu Di, ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty
Euphemius, deposed Patriarch of Constantinople
510s
Eastern Roman Empire
Isaurian War: the Isaurian rebels are defeated.
The Alemanni are defeated by the Franks under Clovis I near Bonn.
The Shaolin Temple is founded.
For alternate founding date, see 477).
Aryabhata, an Indian astronomer and mathematician, calculates pi (π) as ≈ 62832/20000 = 3.1416, correct to four rounded-off decimal places.
Abdul Mutallib, son of Hashim
Chloderic, son of Clovis I
Hashim, great-grandfather of Muhammad, (possibly in Gaza)
Yuan Xun
The Ostrogoths under Totila recapture Rome.
Last Circus Maximus chariot races in Rome.
c. 549–564 – Transfiguration of Christ, mosaic in the apse, Church of the Virgin, Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, Egypt, is made.
Agila succeeds Theudigisel as king of the Visigoths.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory (which still exists) is founded in Ireland.
Archbishop Maximianus of Ravenna consecrates the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe.
Emperor Jinwen succeeds Emperor Wu as ruler of the Liang Dynasty in China.
Jizang, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 623)
Theudigisel, king of the Visigoths
Tuathal Maelgarb, King of Tara
Gao Cheng
Emperor Wu of Liang
Xiao Zhengde
Princess Xu Zhaopei
Zhu Yi
Chen Daoten father of Emperor Xuan of Chen (in either 548 or 549)
Clotaire II, king of the Franks, makes his son Dagobert I king of Austrasia.
Samo, reputedly a Frankish merchant, is elected King of the Slavs in Moravia, Slovakia and Lower Austria.
Tori Busshi makes "Shaka Triad", in the kon-dō, Horyu-ji.
Asuka period (approximate date).
Jizang, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 549)
Liu Heita
Princess Pingyang
Xu Yuanlang
Battle of the Fields of Cato - Byzantines under John Troglita crush Moorish revolt
Xiao Zhuang
June 28 – Theodora, Byzantine empress
Carcasan, king of the Ifuraces
Theudis king of the Visigoths
Theodebert I, king of Austrasia (or 547)
Chen Daoten father of Emperor_Xuan_of_Chen (in either 548 or 549
Battle of Marta - Tripolitanian Moors under Carcasan defeat Byzantines under John Troglita
Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia at Bamburgh (traditional date).
Theodebald becomes king of Austrasia (or 548).
Emperor Justinian and His Attendants, mosaic on north wall of the apse, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, is made (approximate date).
Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, mosaic on south wall of the apse, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, is made (approximate date).
The Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna is dedicated by Archbishop of Ravenna Maximianus of Ravenna.
Pei Ju
Empress Zhu Manyue
Theodebert I, king of Austrasia (or 548)
Tribonian, Byzantine lawyer and writer of the Codex Justinianus.
Maelgwn Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)
Gao Huan
December 29 – Charles the Bald, king of West Francia, is crowned emperor.
The Danes capture Lindisfarne and arrive in Cambridge.
Harald Fairhair subdues the rovers on Orkney and Shetland and adds them to his kingdom.
In Champa, in the central region of what is now Vietnam, King Indravarman II founds a new dynasty at Indrapura (Quang Nam).
He starts a building program featuring the Dong Duong Style of Cham art.
The construction of Mosque of Uqba, Kairouan, Tunisia, is ended.
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Nishapuri Islamic writer
August 12 – Louis II, Western Emperor
Amram Gaon, Jewish liturgist
Abu Muslim, Persian hadith compiler
Disease and famine in North Africa.
December – The Samanid dynasty ends in Bokhara.
The Liao Dynasty starts a battle against the Song Dynasty.
They meet near Shanyang, north of the Song capital of Kaifeng.
Battle of Shanzhou: The Liao Dynasty general Xiao Talin is killed by a Song Chinese crossbow sniper.
May 14 – Henry II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Pavia.
A fight between his German companions and the Pavese becomes a full-scale battle.
Henry II starts war against Boleslav of Poland.
It lasts until 1018.
Boleslaus I of Poland loses Bohemia.
He had become duke the previous year.
He is succeeded as duke of Bohemia by Jaromir.
Sancho III becomes king of Navarre, Aragon and Castille.
Sweyn I of Denmark destroys Norwich.
Aberdeen becomes a bishopric.
Arabs sack Pisa.
The troops of the vizir Al-Mansur sack the Catalan city of Manresa.
Pope John XVIII (1004–1009).
Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas (approximate date) (d. 1060)
Goda of England (d. 1055)
November 13 – Abbon of Fleury
Adelaide of Aquitaine, wife of Hugh Capet
Erik the Red (or 1003) (b. 950)
Li Jiqian, Tangut jiedushi who ruled the new Western Xia Dynasty in northwestern China (b. 963)
May – The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto.
October – The Byzantine army defeats the Normans and enters Taranto.
December 6 – Béla I the Champion is crowned king of Hungary.
The New Book of Tang is completed under a team of scholars led by Ouyang Xiu.
Chinese poet, calligrapher, and official Cai Xiang publishes his Cha Lu (Record of Tea).
Spanish Jew Benjamin of Tudela reports that Constantinople has merchant communities from Babylon, Canaan, Egypt, Hungary, Persia, Russia, Sennar, and Spain as well as 2,000 Jews (approximate date).
Philip I of France begins his reign.
Upon the death of Emund the Old, he is succeeded by his son-in-law Stenkil as King of Sweden.
August 4 – King Henry I of France (b. 1008)
November 14 – Count Geoffrey II of Anjou
King Andrew I of Hungary (b. 1015)
Emund the Old, king of Sweden since 1050
Mei Yaochen, Chinese poet
The Almoravids conquer Aoudaghost (present-day Mauritania).
December 18 – The Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad.
Al-Malik al-Rahim is taken prisoner.
January 11 – Theodora becomes reigning empress of the Byzantine Empire.
October 24 – Ralph the Timid is defeated by the Welsh.
Beginning of the campaign of Ferdinand I of Castile against al-Andalus.
The king conquers Seia from the Christian allies of the Muslim taifas.
Construction on the Liaodi Pagoda in Hebei is complete.
It is the tallest pagoda in Chinese history standing at a height of 84 m (275 ft) tall.
April 13 – Pope Victor II succeeds Pope Leo IX as the 153rd pope.
An abbey was set up at Tihany, Hungary by András (Andrew) I. The written agreement is the earliest record in the Hungarian language.
January 11 – Constantine IX Monomachos, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
May 26 – Margrave Adalbert of Austria
Princess Goda of England
Prague Castle is founded.
The Great Summer Army invades England.
It is led by Bagsecg.
They conquers East Anglia.
August 8 – Treaty of Meerssen: Charles the Bald and Louis the German divide Lotharingia among themselves.
December 31 – The Danes are defeated by a Saxon army at Englefield, Berkshire.
It is the first of a series of battles between Wessex and the Danes.
Malta is conquered by Arabs from Sicily.
Borivoj becomes duke of Bohemia.
Charles the Bald marries Richilde.
Michael II succeeds Michael I as Patriarch of Alexandria.
The Autonomous Bulgarian Archbishopric is made.
February 28 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople ends.
Al-Farabi, Persian philosopher and scientist
Zwentibold, King of Lotharingia
November 20 – King Edmund of East Anglia
al-Bukhari, Persian hadith compiler
Al-Kindi, philosopher
June 11  the Byzantine army takes Bari from the rebellious Lombard lord Melus.
Danes capture Canterbury, taking Alphege, the Archbishop of Canterbury as a prisoner.
Byrhtferth of Ramsey writes his Manual, on the subject of time.
The German king Henry II gives Adalbero, Duke of Carinthia the Carinthian duchy, including the rule over the March of Verona (or in 1012).
Ermengol II succeeds Ermengol I as Count of Urgell
Albert II, Count of Namur succeeds Albert I
Baghdad Manifesto: Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah's fall from Ali ibn Abi Talib is disputed.
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), a famous Persian scientist working in Egypt, pretends to be crazy.
He is kept under house arrest until 1021.
During this time he begins writing his influential Book of Optics.
In Georgia, Bagrat III takes away Sumbat III of Klarjeti power.
The Chinese Guangyun rime dictionary is compiled under Emperor Zhenzong of Song.
Emperor Sanjō gets the throne of Japan.
Eleanor of Normandy, a Norman noblewoman and the daughter of Richard II of Normandy (possible date; d. after 1071)
Ralph the Staller, earl of East Anglia (d. 1068)
Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1076)
Shao Yong, Song Dynasty philosopher, cosmologist, poet and historian (d. 1077)
February 23  Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz and a statesman of the Holy Roman Empire (b. c. 940)
November 21  Emperor Reizei of Japan (b. 950)
December 12 or December 15  Conrad I, Duke of Carinthia (b. c. 975)
Emperor Ichijō of Japan (b. 980)
Albert I, Count of Namur (b. c. 950)
Armentarius, Galician bishop (b. 983)
Sumbat III of Klarjeti, Georgian prince of the Bagratid dynasty of Tao-Klarjeti and the last sovereign of Klarjeti
Yohannan V, Patriarch of the Church of the East
Maggie Grace (born Margaret Grace Denig; September 21, 1983) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Shannon Rutherford on the ABC television series Lost and Kim Mills in the Taken trilogy.
She has also appeared on The Twilight Saga as "Irina".
Originally from Worthington, Ohio, she went on to earn a Young Artist Award nomination in 2002 with her portrayal of 15-year-old murder victim Martha Moxley in the television movie Murder in Greenwich.
In 2004, Grace was cast as Shannon Rutherford in the television series Lost, on which she was a main cast member for the first two seasons, winning a Screen Actors Guild Award shared with the ensemble cast.
Leaving the series, Grace was keen to work more prominently in film, she appeared in The Jane Austen Book Club (both 2007), and opposite Liam Neeson as Kim Mills in Taken in 2008.
She reprised the role in Taken 2 (2012) and Taken 3 (2015).
She also played the lead role, Alice, in Malice in Wonderland, a modern take on Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Grace reprised the role of Shannon in two more episodes of Lost, including the series finale.
In 2013, she appears in the sixth season of Californication.
She portrays Faith, a groupie and a muse to the stars, who captures the eye of Hank Moody played by David Duchovny.
was a  after Ten'en and before Tengen.
This period started in July 976 and ended in November 978.
11 June 976 (Jōgen 1, 11th day of the 5th month): The Imperial Palace was destroyed by a great fire.
20 December 977 (Jōgen 2, 8th day of the 11th month): Fujiwara no Kanemichi dies at the age of 51.
was a  after Jōgen and before Eikan.
This period started in November 978 and ended in April 983.
Events of the Tengen era
978 (Tengen 1, 8th month): The emperor allowed the daughter of Fujiwara no Kaneie to be introduced into his household; and a son was born soon after.
978 (Tengen 1, 10th month): Fujiwara no Yoritada was given the court office of Prime Minister (daijō-daijin).
Minamoto no Masanobu was made Minister of the Left (sadaijin).
Fujiwara no Kaneie was made Minister of the Right (udaijin).
was a  after Tengen and before Kanna.
This period started in April 983  and ended in April 985.
The reigning emperors were  and  .
Events of the Eikan era
6 October, 983 (Eikan 1, 27th day of the 8th month): In the 15th year of Emperor En'yu's reign, he abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a nephew.
Soon after, Emperor Kazan's new role as emperor was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
983 (Eikan 1, 8th month): Chōnen, the Buddhist monk of the Tendai school embarked on a voyage to China accompanied by 5 or 6 desciples.
was a  after Eikan and before Eien.
This period spanned the years from April 985 through April 987.
Events of the Kanna era
986 (Kanna 2, 6th month): Kazan abdicated, and then he took up residence at Kazan-ji where he became a Buddhist monk.
The succession (senso) was received by the Crown Prince.
Soon after, Emperor Ichijō's new role as emperor was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
Referenctes
Serge Ibaka (born 18 September 1989) is a NBA player born in Republic of the Congo and a naturalized citizen of Spain.
Ibaka plays for the Toronto Raptors.
Before that he  played for the Oklahoma City Thunder, where he made around $3,500,000 in salary.
He plays at the forward position.
Serge Ibaka at Basketball-Reference
African sportspeople
Predrag Stojaković (, ; born 9 June 1977), known by his nickname Peja, is a Serbian retired professional basketball player.
He played a career total of 13 years in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
He played for the Sacramento Kings, Indiana Pacers, New Orleans Hornets, Toronto Raptors, and Dallas Mavericks.
He has also played for the Red Star Belgrade of the YUBA Liga and with PAOK of the Greek Basket League (GBL).
On 19 December 2011, Stojaković announced that he was retiring from playing professional basketball.
He said that ongoing back and neck problems had affected his play later in his career.
Peja Stojakovic on Basketball-Reference
was a  after Kanna and before Eiso.
This period started in April 987 and ended in August 988.
Events of Eian era
987 (Eien 1, 10th month): The emperor visited the home of Fujiwara no Kaneie.
987 (Eien 1, 11th month): The emperor visited Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū.
987 (Eien 1, 12th month): The emperor visited the Kamo Shrine.
988 (Eien 2, 11th month): The emperor visited the home of Kaneie on his 60th birthday.
Vanna White (born  Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957)  is an American actress from North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.
She co-hosts the television game show Wheel of Fortune with Pat Sajak.
White married restaurant owner George San Pietro in December 1990.
They divorced in November 2002.
White has two children, a son born in 1994 and a daughter born in 1997.
People from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
was a  after Eien and before Shōryaku.
This period spanned the years from August 988 through  November 990.
Events of Eiso era
989 (Eiso 1, 1st month): Emperor Ichijō made a personal visit to the home of his father, the retired Emperor En'yū.
989 (Eiso 1, 5th month): Fujiwara no Kaneie retired; and his son, Fujiwara no Michitaka, was chosen as regent (Kampaku) in his place.
26 July 989 (Eiso 2, 2nd day of the 7th month): Fujiwara no Kaneie died at age 62, and his home was converted into a Buddhist temple.
Peter Carey (Australian rules footballer), Australian rules player for Glenelg
Peter Carey (English footballer) (born 1933), English footballer
Peter Carey (historian), British historian of south-east Asia
Peter Carey (novelist), Australian novelist
Peter Carey (umpire), Australian rules umpire
"Black Peter" Carey, a fictional character in The Adventure of Black Peter, a Sherlock Holmes story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Colleen Margaretta McCullough  (; married name Robinson, previously Ion-Robinson; 1 June 193729 January 2015) was an Australian author.
She was famous world-wide.
McCullough was born in 1937.
Her parents were James and Laurie McCullough.
Her mother was a New Zealander of part-Māori descent.
During her childhood, her family moved many times.
She read a lot.
She attended Holy Cross College.
McCullough earned a living as a teacher, librarian, and journalist.
In her first year of medical studies at the University of Sydney she suffered dermatitis.
She was told not to be a medical doctor.
Instead, she switched to neuroscience and worked in Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney.
In 1963, McCullough moved to the United Kingdom for four years.
At Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, she met the chairman of the neurology department at Yale University.
He offered her a research associate job at Yale.
McCullough spent ten years from April 1967 to 1976 researching and teaching in the Department of Neurology at the Yale Medical School in New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
It was while at Yale that she wrote her first two books.
Because these books were successful, McCullough stopped being a doctor.
In the late 1970s, she lived in London and Connecticut, USA.
She finally picked Norfolk Island in the Pacific.
There she met her husband, Ric Robinson (then 33 years old).
They married on 13 April 1983 (she was 46 years old).
In 1984 a portrait of McCullough, painted by Wesley Walters, was a finalist in the Archibald Prize.
The prize is for the "best portrait painting preferentially of some man or woman distinguished in Art, Letters, Science or Politics".
McCullough did a lot of historical research for the novels on ancient Rome.
This led to her getting a Doctor of Letters degree by Macquarie University in 1993.
McCullough was a member of the New York Academy of Sciences.
She was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
She now lives in Sydney.
Some people did not like McCullough's 2008 novel The Independence of Miss Mary Bennett.
She changed some of the characters in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.
Tim (1974).
Made into a film in 1979
The Thorn Birds (1977)
An Indecent Obsession (1981)
A Creed for the Third Millennium (1985)
The Ladies of Missalonghi (1987)
The Song of Troy (1998)
Morgan's Run (2000)
The Touch (2003)
Angel Puss (2004)
On, Off (2006)
The Independence of Miss Mary Bennet (2008)
"Too Many Murders" (2010)
The Courage and the Will: The Life of Roden Cutler VC (1999)
Masters of Rome Series
The First Man in Rome (1990)
The Grass Crown (1991)
Fortune's Favorites (1993)
Caesar's Women (1996)
Caesar (1997)
The October Horse (2002)
Antony and Cleopatra (2007)
Carmine Delmonico series
Too Many Murders (December 2009)
Naked Cruelty (2010)
Screen adaptations
Tim - made into a movie in 1979 starring Mel Gibson and Piper Laurie
The Thorn Birds - made into a TV miniseries in 1983 starring Richard Chamberlain
An Indecent Obsession -  made into a movie in 1985 starring Gary Sweet
The Thorn Birds: The Missing Years - made into a TV miniseries in 1996 starring Richard Chamberlain.
Mary & Tim - a 1996 adaptation of the novel Tim
Mary Jean DeMarr: Colleen McCullough: A Critical Companion.
Greenwood Publishing Group 1996,   ()
Disease-related deaths in Australia
was a  after Eiso and before Chōtoku.
This period started in November 990  and ended in February 995.
Events of the Shōryaku era
1 March 991 (Shōryaku 2, on the 12th day of the 2nd month):  The former Emperor En'yū died at age 33.
992 (Shōryaku 3): Kujō Kanetoshi built a new temple complex named Shoryaku-ji.
Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 – 30 September 1990), was an Australian author.
He is an important English-language novelist of the 20th century.
From 1935 until his death, he published 12 novels, two short-story collections and eight plays.
White's fiction uses humour, ornate prose, shifting narrative vantage points and a stream of consciousness technique.
In 1973, he got the Nobel Prize in Literature.
He was the only Australian citizen with the prize until the South African-born J. M. Coetzee became an Australian citizen in 2006.
His novel The Vivisector was close to winning the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010.
Happy Valley (1939)
The Living and the Dead (1941)
The Aunt's Story (1948)
The Tree of Man (1955)
Voss (1957)
Riders in the Chariot (1961)
The Solid Mandala (1966)
The Vivisector (1970)
The Eye of the Storm (1973)
A Fringe of Leaves (1976)
The Twyborn Affair (1979)
Memoirs of Many in One (1986)
The Hanging Garden (2012) (Unfinished, posthumous)
The Burnt Ones (1964)
The Cockatoos (1974)
Three Uneasy Pieces (1987)
Bread and Butter Women (1935) Unpublished.
The School for Friends (1935) Unpublished.
Return to Abyssinia (1948) Unpublished.
The Ham Funeral (1947) prem.
Union Theatre, Adelaide, 1961.
The Season at Sarsaparilla (1962)
A Cheery Soul (1963)
Night on Bald Mountain (1964)
Big Toys (1977)
Signal Driver: a Morality Play for the Times (1982)
Netherwood (1983)
Shepherd on the Rocks (1987)
The Night the Prowler (1978)
Flaws in the Glass (1981)
Australian playwrights
David Gordon "Slim Dusty " Kirkpatrick AO, MBE (13 June 1927 – 19 September 2003) was an Australian country music singer-songwriter and producer.
He performed for nearly 70 years.
Australian poets Henry Lawson and Banjo Patterson influenced his songs.
Many of his songs were about Australian bush life or trucking.
Dusty was the first Australian to have a number one hit song.
The song was "Pub With No Beer", written by Gordon Parsons.
He has 37 Golden Guitar and two ARIA awards.
He is in the ARIA Hall of Fame and the Country Music Roll of Renown.
At the time of his death at the age of 76, Dusty was working on his 106th album for EMI Records.
In 2007 he sold more than seven million recordings in Australia.
Honours and milestones
Slim Dusty was Australia's most successful and prolific musical artist.
He had more Gold and Platinum albums than any other Australian artist.
Slim Dusty was also:
The first Australian to receive a Gold Record.
The first Australian to have an international record hit (Pub with No Beer).
He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire and an Officer of the Order of Australia for services to entertainment.
The first artist broadcast from space.
Astronauts played his recording of Waltzing Matilda from Space Shuttle Columbia as it passed over Australia on its maiden flight in 1981.
The winner of a 36 Golden Guitar awards from 72 nominations at the Tamworth Country Music Festival.
One of the earliest members of Australia's country music Roll of Renown.
More Gold Record and Platinum Record Awards than any other Australian artist.
In the ARIA Hall of Fame and the ARIA Special Achievement Award.
Awarded Senior Australian of the Year 1999.
was a  after Eiso and before Chōhō.
This period started in February 995 and ended in January 999.
Events of the Chōtoku era
995 (Chōtoku 1): Fujiwara no Michinaga was given the office of Minister of the Right (udaijin).
996 (Chōtoku 2, 7th month): Michinaga became Minister of the Left (sadaijin); and Fujiwara no Akimitsu was named udaijin.
Australian indigenous music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.
They are all called Indigenous Australians.
It includes a variety of distinctive traditional music styles practiced by Indigenous Australian people.
It also has a range of contemporary musical styles of and fusion with European traditions.
Music has formed an strong part of the social, cultural and ceremonial observances of these peoples.
This is true both in the far past and the present day.
There are performance and musical instrumentation which are unique to particular regions or Indigenous Australian groups.
There are some musical traditions which are common through much of the Australian continent, and even beyond.
The culture of the Torres Strait Islanders is part of New Guinea.
In addition to these traditions, there has been an influence from the 18th century European colonisation.
Likewise non-indigenous artists and performers have used and sampled indigenous Australian styles and instruments in their works.
Contemporary musical styles such as rock and roll, country, rap and reggae have all featured a variety of notable Indigenous Australian performers.
Traditional instruments
A didgeridoo is a type of musical instrument.
It has a long tube, without finger holes, through which the player blows.
Didgeridoos are usually made of eucalyptus, but new materials such as PVC piping can be used.
Clapsticks
A clapstick is a type of musical instrument that is in the category of percussion.
Unlike drumsticks, which are generally used to strike a drum, clapsticks are for striking one stick on another.
Traditional forms
Bunggul
Bunggul is a style of music that came into being around the Mann River.
It is known for its intense lyrics.
They are often stories of epic journeys.
They continue, or repeat, unaccompanied after the music has stopped.
Clan songs and songlines
A particular clan in Aboriginal culture may share songs.