the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Some of these artifacts are displayed at the museum Boucher-de-Perthes.
A more refined form from a later period of handaxe production was found in the Abbeville/Somme River district.
The more refined handaxe became known as the Acheulean industry, named after Saint-Acheul, today a suburb of Amiens.
It retained some importance into the Bronze Age.
Abbeville during the ninth century was part of the diocese of Saint-Riquier.
It was also an important fortress responsible for the defense of the Somme.
Abbeville had a charter granted to it in 1184.
Afterwards it was governed by the Counts of Ponthieu.
Together with that county, it came into the possession of the Alençon and other French families.
Afterwards it came into the possession of the House of Castile.
By marriage it passed in 1272 to King Edward I of England.
In 1435, by the treaty of Arras, it was ceded to the Duke of Burgundy.
In 1477 it was taken control of by King Louis XI of France,.
Later it was held by two illegitimate branches of the royal family in the 16th and 17th centuries, being in 1696 returned to the crown.
In 1514, the town was the place where the marriage of Louis XII of France to Mary Tudor took place.
She was the daughter of Henry VII of England.
In 1685, it suffered a serious economic when the Edict of Nantes was repealed.
The Protestants who were the majority of the skilled labor, left town.
The town never fully recovered from the loss of their talents.
Abbeville was fairly important in the 18th century.
Van Robais Royal Manufacture (one of the first major factories in France) brought great prosperity to the town.
Voltaire, among others, wrote about it.
Abbeville was the birthplace of Rear Admiral Amédée Courbet (1827–85).
His victories on land and at sea made him a national hero during the Sino-French War (August 1884 to April 1885).
Courbet died in June 1885 in the Pescadores Islands.
His body was brought back to France and buried in Abbeville on 1 September 1885 after a state funeral.
Abbeville's old Haymarket Square (Place du Marché-au-Blé) was renamed Place de l'Amiral Courbet in July 1885.
This was shortly after the news of Courbet's death reached France.
A statue of Courbet was erected in the middle of the square at the end of the nineteenth century.
The statue was damaged in a bombing raid during World War II.
On 12 September 1939 in Abbeville a conference took place.
There France and the United Kingdom decided it was  too late to send troops to help Poland in its fight against Germany.
By this time Poland was already on the verge of defeat.
After five years—in September 1944—Abbeville was liberated by the Polish First Armoured Division under General Maczek.
The Blitzkrieg
In 1940, the Germans with the bulk of their armoured force in Panzer Group von Kleist achieved a breakthrough at Sedan with air support.
The Panzer group raced to the coast of the English Channel at Abbeville.
This isolated (20 May 1940) the British Expeditionary Force, Belgian Army, and some divisions of the French Army in northern France.
The Battle of France was lost by the Allies.
Charles de Gaulle (17–18 May 1940), as a Colonel in this period, launched a counterattack in the region of Laon (see the map).
He had 80 tanks to  destroy the communication of the German armoured troops.
His newly formed 4e Division cuirassée reached Montcornet, resulting in the Battle of Montcornet.
But, without support,  the 4th DCR was forced  to retreat.
There was another counterattack with the Battle of Abbeville.
After Laon (24 May), de Gaulle was promoted to temporary general: "On 28 May (...) the 4th DCR attacked twice to destroy a pocket captured by the enemy south of the Somme near Abbeville.
The operation was successful, with over 400 prisoners taken and the entire pocket mopped up except for Abbeville (...) but in the second attack the 4th DCR failed to gain control of the city in the face of superior enemy numbers."
WWII was not kind to the buildings of the town as the  famous 17th century Gothic Cathedral of St. Vulfran was nearly destroyed.
Abbeville manufactures textiles; in particular, linens and tablecloths.
It also has cordage|cordage factories and spinning mills.
Finally, it also makes locks and produces sugar.
Historical population
1901: 18,519
1906: 18,971
1990: 23,787
2006: 24,829
The city was very picturesque until the early days of the World War II.
It was bombed mostly to rubble in one night by the Germans.
The town overall is now mostly modern and rebuilt.
Several of the town's attractions remain, including:
St. Vulfran's church, erected in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.
The original design was not completed.
The nave has only two bays and the choir is insignificant.
The façade is an outstanding example of the flamboyant Gothic style, flanked by two Gothic towers.
The Boucher de Perthes Museum, in the now unused bell tower.
It is a tribute to Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes who also has a French public secondary school named after him.
The museum features art work and other artefacts from the 16th century onwards, and other exhibitions that change every few months.
A monument aux morts (to the dead) with sculptural work by Louis-Henri Leclabart.
A montage of photographs of this monument is shown below.
Abbeville is served by trains on the line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Amiens.
Abbeville was the southern terminus of the Réseau des Bains de Mer, the line to Dompierre-sur-Authie opened on 19 June 1892 and closed on 10 March 1947.
The AM-39 Exocet is an anti-ship missile.
It is designed and built in France by Aérospatiale.
It can be used from a fighter aircraft, a warship or a submarine.
It was used by Argentina against the Royal Navy's HMS Sheffield.
The Véhicule Blindé Léger or VBL (light armoured vehicle) is a four-wheel drive reconnaissance light military vehicle.
It has been used by the French army since 1990.
More than 25 foreign countries used it, including Gabon, Qatar, and Serbia.
The US Army used it as M11 for hazardous material reconnaissance.
Russia bought 500 of them in November 2012.
Military transport
Subway Surfers is a game where the player makes their character run until they lose.
The game theme has been based on a world tour since the year 2013.
The game is available on the iOS, Android and Windows phone operating systems.
Subway Surfers claims to be the fourth most downloaded game of all time.
Subway Surfers Hack New Version Download Apkpure - Hack New Mod 2.24.2
Subway Surfers official site
Subway Surfers official game developers' studio
The Geographical Names Board of New South Wales is the official organization that records details of  places and geographical names in  New South Wales, Australia.
It was set up in 1966.
The Board has nine members.
Members of the Board
the Surveyor General of New South Wales who is also Chairman of the Board,
the Director General of the Department of Planning and Infrastructure,
the State Librarian, and
an officer of the Land and Property Information division, selected by the Director General of the  Department of Finance and Services
the Local Government and Shires Association of New South Wales,
the Royal Australian Historical Society,
the Geographical Society of New South Wales,
the New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council, and
the Chairperson of the Community Relations Commission.
The Geographical Names Act, 1966, gives the Board the right to name places, and to find out and decide on the form, spelling, meaning, pronunciation, origin and history of any geographical name.
It also decides where and how the name can be used.
A place is any geographical or topographical feature or any district, division, locality, region, city, town, village, settlement or railway station or any other place within the territories and waters of the State of New South Wales.
It does not include roads, any local government areas, urban areas, counties or districts under the Local Government Act, electoral districts, subdivisions, or schools.
The Board has the power to keep and promote Aboriginal languages and acknowledge Aboriginal culture through place naming in NSW.
The Board does this by using traditional Aboriginal place names or names with Aboriginal origin wherever it can.
The Board can give traditional Aboriginal names to features that have been given introduced names through its dual naming policy.
The Board's policy is the same as the U.S. Board of Geographical Names, which removes possessive names from all place names in NSW.
The Board's website
Search for a place name
Candy Crush Saga is a video game that was developed by King in April 2012.
As of March 2013, Candy Crush Saga is the most popular game on Facebook.
It has 45.6 million average monthly users.
The aim of the game is to make matches of three or more candies vertically or horizontally.
Depending on the type of level, the player must earn as much points as they can, or they must clear all the jelly, or they must allow ingredients to come to the bottom of the screen.
If the player loses a level, they will lose lives.
If they lose all their lives, the lives will need to recharge by time.
However, some people who hate this game think that it reduces the productivity of society.
They are also worried that Candy Crush Saga makes children get addicted very easily.
Metacritic rated Candy Crush Saga as 76 out of 100.
In real life
This game appeared in Psy's music video Gentleman.
In Hong Kong, a minibus driver played Candy Crush Saga while he was in a traffic jam.
In Taiwan, a bakery provides cakes whose theme is Candy Crush Saga.
Candy Crush Saga in Facebook
Candy Crush Saga in Google Play Store
Rare is a video game developer whose headquarter is in England.
In 2002, Microsoft bought Rare with a price of 3.75 billion.
Emperor Takakura (20 September 1161 – 30 January 1181) was the 80th Emperor of Japan.
He was the emperor before Emperor Antoku.
Towards the end of his reign, he summoned a champion.
A ruling clan, the Taira clan, showed their power by announcing their one year old son as Emperor.
He was then renamed Emperor Antoku.
He was not the only emperor at the time for Emperor Takakura was still Emperor.
However he was given all the same privileges and power.
He was there in case Emperor Takakura died, then there would straight away be another emperor in his place.
1161 births
Lagan  is a river in the historical province of Halland in southern Sweden.
Rivers of Sweden
Nissan  is a river in the historical province of Halland in southern Sweden.
Viskan  is a river in the historical province of Halland in southern Sweden.
Atran
Vaggeryd is a locality in Vaggeryd Municipality in Jönköping County, Sweden.
Together with Skillingaryd, it is the seat of the municipality.
Malung is a locality, and the seat of Malung-Sälen Municipality, in Dalarna County, Sweden.
Gislaved is a locality, and the seat of Gislaved Municipality, in Jönköping County, Sweden.
Bad Piggies is a puzzle video game.
It is developed by Rovio Entertainment.
Players have to help the green pigs to steal the egg of the Angry Birds, a game that's also developed by Rovio.
Being a spin-off of Angry Birds, the players control the pigs instead of the birds.
It was last updated on the Play Store on August 24, 2018.
The App Store version was last updated on February 1, 2020.
Each level has a different mission.
Players have to build a transport for the Freckled Pig.
Like Angry Birds, you can achieve 3 stars but unlike the original game, there is no score.
You achieve stars by doing a mission or at least one for getting the piggy to the finish line
Official website of Rovio
Official website of Bad Piggies
The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (), or MKAD (МКАД), is a famous road around Moscow, Russia.
The road was opened in 1961 as the third ring road around Moscow.
The MKAD on Google Maps.
A view of the MKAD from a pedestrian bridge.
A view of the MKAD from a helicopter.
Roads in Russia
Trans-Siberian Highway is a highway system in Russia.
It goes from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok.
National Geographic story about the Trans-Siberian Highway
Saint Petersburg Ring Road  () is a ring road around Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Galvanic isolation means separating two electrical structure from each other.
One way to do it is to use relay, another way to do it is to use opto-isolator.
Also transformer makes galvanic isolation.
Opto-isolator is an electronic component that can be used for galvanic isolation.
It uses light for separating two circuits from each other.
Värnamo is a locality, and the seat of Värnamo Municipality, in Jönköping County, Sweden.
An electrical insulator is a material that does not easily allow flow of electricity through an electric current.
Materials typically used to insulate include rubber, plastic and glass.
In transformers and electric motors, varnish is used.
Insulating gases such as Sulfur hexafluoride are used in some switches.
Wires that carry electric currents are usually insulated so the electricity goes to the right place.
Insulator can mean not only the material but things that are made of that material.
They are made of various materials such as: glass, silicone, rubber, plastic, oil, wood, dry cotton, quartz, ceramic, etc.
The type of insulator will depend on the uses.
Insulators have high electrical resistivity and low conductivity.
The insulators prevent the loss of current and make the current more efficient by concentrating the flow.
Insulator devices
The pin insulator  is the earliest developed insulator.
Pin type insulators can have up to three parts, depending on the amount of voltage.
The suspension insulator is for voltages above 33KV.
Multiple insulators are connected in series.
The strain insulator is the same as a suspension insulator but it is used horizontally, whereas the suspension insulator is used vertically.
The strain insulator is used to relieve the line of excessive tension, which happens when there is dead end of the line or sharp curve.
Sung Jae-ki (; 成在基, 11 September 1967 – 26 July 2013) was a South Korean human- and civil-rights activists, Liberalism thinkers.
From 2008 to 2013, he was the first leader of 'Man of Korea' (), a men's rights and men's liberalism civic group.
he was abolition activity of ministry of woman.
He was early leaders of South Korean Men's liberation movements, In 1999 to 2013, he actively participated in liberalism movement, gender liberation movement, anti-feminist movement until his death.
he was devoted to male liberation and male right advocacy.
also he was Men's shelter and Crime victims male rescue activities.
In 2013, himself off under Mapo Bridge.
because his debt for $200 million.
nickname was Shimheon(심헌 審軒) and Shimheon(심헌 心軒), penname was Bluewolf(푸른 늑대 靑狼), Tongbalbass(똥발바쓰), Tongball(똥발).
Sung was born in Daegu.
he was studying Daegu high school and Yeungnam University.
In his early years, he was a business man.
after 2000 to November 2006, he was Operate Thomas MacFly consulting & headhunting company(토마스 맥플라이 컨설팅 & 헤드헌팅), in Daegu and Busan, Seoul.
In 1999 to 2013, he was activity of anti-feminism movement.
In 2001, he joined the human- and civil-rights movements.
On 26 December 2006 he joined the anti-feminism men's liberation club.
In 2008, he joined a men's rights movement club.
In 2001 to 2013 Sung Jae-ki was abolition activity of ministry of woman.
he was a leader of Men's Association, a human right group, 2008 to 2013.
He argued for the abolition of the Ministry of Woman (Ministry of Gender Equality).
He also argued for men's rights, sexual liberal, mens liberations.
but that during his debt for $200 million.
He was his life was devoted entirely to the movement of liberation movements liberalism Gender and Korean, and made it possible to introduce improvements on all male rights,  offer of male shelter and Protective Facility.
but criticism and prejudice Along with debt, in marked the biggest setback.
In 2011 - 2013 he was given protection of Crime Victims Male, Youth Runaway and street children.
also accept of Homeless, gay, transgender.
his life was devoted entirely to sexual Liberation Movement and liberalism Movement of Korean.
he was support to possible improvements in Male human rights and offer of shelter and refuge of male.
in 2013, he was in debt collectors.
July 26, he was jumping suicide of bridge railing for han river.
that he was the last said, "Male is a human!(남자도 사람이다.)"
Han Seung-oh
Han Chi-hwan
Kim Yong-suk: The Ddanji December, 2012.
The ddanji group, 2012
Activist's 'suicide' causes huge stir Koreatimes 2013.07.26
[Opinion] Now Showing Suicidal Performance!
WHAT?! -
.humanrights moniter Southkorea
MHRA Sung Jae-gi dead A-Voice of Man
남성연대
Sung Jae-ki twitter
여성부 디도스 공격 10대 알고 보니 남성연대 前 회원 주간동아
'이기적 여성들'에 일침…성재기, 대체 누굴까?
'성매매 안하면 현금준다?'
캠페인 논란
그는 왜 여성부 폐지에 '목숨'을 걸었나?
머니투데이 2012.01.04
Suicide performance and journalist ethics News Dongah
Grabación de un suicidio en Corea del Sur abre el debate sobre la ética de los medios de comunicación
Activista Sung Jae-ki se suicidó frente a las cámaras de televisión
The Yakovlev Yak-38 is a Soviet military single-turbojet aircraft.
It was designed and built as a fighter aircraft.
It was also used as attack aircraft.
The Soviet Navy was the only operator.
The aircraft is a vertical take-off & landing aircraft.
It was retired from service in 1993.
NATO called it Forger.
BAe Harrier
A dipole speaker is a type of a loudspeaker.
The sound typically only comes out of the front and back.
Dipole spekers do not usually produce very low frequencies because the structure loses audiodynamics the lower the frequency is.
With audio crossover is possible to correct frequency response, but there are still limits.
This problem can be solved by using a subwoofer.
Sommarkrysset is a Swedish television program.
It is broadcast live from the Gröna Lund amusement park in Stockholm during summer.
It was first shown on 3 June 2005.
Askola is a municipality in southern Finland.
Almost 5,000 people lived there 2013.
There are famous giant's kettles in Askola, called Askolan Hiidenkirnut.
Askola's neighbouring municipalities are Myrskylä, Mäntsälä, Pornainen, Porvoo and Pukkila.
Bingolotto is a Swedish game show.
It was established in 1988 as a lottery.
It was originally broadcasted over local Gothenburg TV on 16 January 1989.
It aired on TV4 for first time on 19 October 1991.
The popularity peaked in the 1990s.
Nordman is a Swedish ethnopop group.
They were especially popular in the 1990s.
1994 – Nordman
1995 – Ingenmansland
1997 – Här och nu
2001 – Nordmans bästa – I vandrarens spår
2004 – Bästa
2005 – Anno 2005
2008 – Pärlor '
2008 – Djävul eller Gud
2010 – Korsväg
1994 – Förlist
1994 – Vandraren
1994 – Laglöst land
1995 – Ännu glöder solen
1995 – Be mig
1996 – På mossen
1996 – Det sista du ser
1996 – Live-singel
1997 – Se dig själv
1998 – Hjälp mig att leva
2005 – Ödet var min väg
2005 – Allt eller ingenting
2007 – Livet som en värsting (Rastegar feat.
Nordman)
2007 – Du behöver
2008 – I lågornas sken
2008 – Hon är redan här (radio single)
2009 – Om Gud var jag
Official Website in Swedish
Charles III (17 September 879 – 7 October 929), called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the Latin Carolus Simplex), was the King of the Franks from 898 until 922 and the King of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–23.
Charles was the third and posthumous son of Louis the Stammerer by his second wife, Adelaide of Paris.
As a child, Charles was not allowed to become king in 884 when his half-brother Carloman died.
The Frankish nobles instead asked his cousin, Charles the Fat, to rule over them.
King Charles the Fat was not a good king so he was removed (deposed) in November 887.
He died soon after in January 888.
The nobility elected Odo, the hero of the Siege of Paris as their king.
Charles Simplex was put under the protection of Ranulf II of Aquitaine who used the royal title himself until making peace with Odo.
King of Western Francia
In 893 Charles was finally crowned by part of the nobility who were opposed to Odo.
He was crowned at Reims Cathedral but was not fully accepted as king until Odo died in 898.
In 911, a group of Vikings lead by Rollo besieged Paris and Chartres.
After a victory near Chartres on 26 August, Charles decided to negotiate with Rollo.
The talks were led by Hervé, the Archbishop of Reims.
This resulted in the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, which granted Rollo and his soldiers all the land between the river Epte and the sea.
It also granted him Brittany, "for his livelihood".
At the time, Brittany was an independent land which France had not been able to conquer.
In exchange, Rollo promised the king his loyalty and military assistance when needed.
Also Rollo also agreed to be baptised and to marry Gisela, the king's daughter.
The territory given Rollo is about the same as Upper Normandy.
This would grow to become Normandy under Rollo's descendants.
Also in 911, Louis the Child, the King of Germany, died.
The nobles of Lotharingia made Charles their new king even though some had elected Conrad of Franconia king.
Charles had tried to win their support for years.
In April 907 he married a Lotharingian noblewoman named Frederuna.
He also defended Lotharingia twice against attacks by Conrad, King of the Germans.
Queen Frederuna died on 10 February 917 leaving six daughters and no sons.
so Charles did not have an heir.
On 7 October 919 Charles married again to Eadgifu of Wessex (England).
She was the daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England.
She bore him his only son, the future King Louis IV of France.
Charles' had a favorite at court, a man named Hagano.
This turned his nobles against Charles.
He gave Hagano several monasteries that already belonged to other barons which angered them.
Charles also turned the new duke, Gilbert against him.
He turned his support to the German king Henry the Fowler in 919.
Not everyone in Lotharingia was against Charles; he kept the support of Wigeric.
Revolt of the nobles
Finally the nobles seized Charles in 920.
They were tired of Charles' policies and his favoritism of count Hagano.
In 922 the Frankish nobles revolted again led by Robert of Neustria.
Robert was Odo's brother and was elected king by the rebels.
Charles had to flee to Lotharingia.
On 2 July 922, Charles lost his most faithful supporter, Herveus of Reims.
Charles returned with a Norman army in 923 but was defeated on 15 June near Soissons by Robert, who died in the battle.
Charles was captured and imprisoned in a castle at Péronne under the guard of Herbert II of Vermandois.
Charles' English wife Eadgifu and their son Louis fled to England.
Robert's son-in-law Rudolph of Burgundy was elected to succeed him.
In 925 the Lotharingia became part of the Kingdom of Germany.
Charles died in prison on 7 October 929 and was buried at the nearby abbey of Saint-Fursy.
His only son by Eadgifu would later be crowned in 936 as Louis IV of France.
Charles married first, in May 907, Frederuna, daughter of Dietrich, Count in the Hamaland.
Together they had six daughters:
Ermentrude
Frederuna
Gisela, wife of Rollo of Normandy
Rotrude
In 919 Charles married secondly Eadgifu of Wessex.
Louis IV of France (10 September 920–10 September 954), who eventually succeeded to the throne of West Francia in 936
Arnulf
Drogo
Rorice († 976), Bishop of Laon
Alpais, who married Erlebold, count of Lommegau
Jill Johnson (born 24 May 1973, Ängelholm, Sweden) is a country singer from Sweden.
She participated for Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1998 with the song "Kärleken är", finishing 10th.
She had a major hit in Sweden in 2003 with the Melodifestivalen song "Crazy in Love".
1996 - Sugartree
1998 - När hela världen ser på
2000 - Daughter of Eve
2001 - Good Girl
2003 - Discography 1996-2003
2004 - Roots and Wings
2005 - Being who you are
2005 - The Christmas In You
2007 - Music Row
2008 - Baby Blue Paper
2009 - Music Row II
2010 - The Well-Known And Some Other Favourite Stories
2010 - Baby Blue Paper Live
2011 - Flirting With Disaster
2011 - Välkommen jul
2012 - A Woman Can Change Her Mind
2013 - Duetterna
2014 - Livemusiken från Jills veranda
Cheung Chau is an island of Hong Kong.
It is a famous scenic spot of Hong Kong.
Each year, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival is held there.
Freda' (Swedish for Friday) is a pop group from Gnosjö in Sweden.
It was first active from 1983–1993.
Singer and songwriter Uno Svenningsson had a solo career before the band was re-united in 2009.
The group is named for "Friday" (the day of the week) because they won a rock band competition on a Friday.
The group broke through in 1986 with the song "Vindarna".
They received a Grammis award in 1988 and again in 1990.
Charting at Sverigetopplistan
Others singles (Svensktoppen and Sverige Tracks)
1988: "I en annan del av världen"
1991: "Det saknas lite värme"
1993: "Så länge jag lever"
Other singles (non-charting)
1984: "Livsviktigt"
1984: "En människa"
1986: "Doktorn"
1986: "Ingen kan förklara"
1988: "Jag kan se dig"
1991: "Erika"
1993: "Alla behöver"
2009: "Bäste vän"
2010: "Gå aldrig ensam"
2010: "Det måste gå - 2010"
Cantonese Wikipedia is the Cantonese version of Wikipedia.
It was created in 2006.
The Cantonese Wikipedia has over  articles.
The Yakovlev Yak-3 is a Soviet single-engine fighter aircraft.
It was one of the main military aircraft used in USSR for World War II.
The first flight was in 1941.
It started being used in 1943.
Some were used by French pilots of the Groupe Normandie-Niemen.
After the war, some were used in Poland and Yugoslavia.
More than 4,800 were built.
Robert Curthose (–1134), sometimes styled Robert II or Robert III, was the Duke of Normandy from 1087 until 1106.
He was also Count of Maine.
His reign as Duke is noted for the conflicts he had with his brothers in England.
This led to the dukedom of Normandy being reunited with crown of England.
Robert was the eldest son of William the Conqueror, the first Norman king of England, and Matilda of Flanders.
Robert was born .
As a child he was betrothed to Margaret, the heiress of Maine.
But she died before they could be wed. Robert didn't marry until he was in his late forties.
Robert was brought up among William's men-at-arms.
As a result, he became a skilled warrior.
But unlike his father he expected to live a life of pleasure and luxury.
In 1063, his father made him the count of Maine when he was contracted to marry Margaret.
But Robert had no authority.
The county was actually run by his father until 1069 when the county revolted and reverted to Hugh V of Maine.
Still, he had been made his father's heir.
Twice the barons had taken an oath of fealty to him as their future leader.
In 1077 Robert got into an argument with his father.
He demanded to rule Normandy which he had on at least on occasion while William was in England.
William was not able to reason with his son and Robert left angry.
The next day Robert and his followers attempted to seize Rouen.
The siege failed.
After rebelling against his father all he could do was go into exile.
Robert first went to Chateauneuf-en-Thymerais.
He then fled to Flanders to the court of his uncle Robert I, Count of Flanders.
In the spring of 1080 Robert was back on good terms with his father.
He again made Robert his heir for Normandy in the presences of his barons.
Later that summer or early fall Robert went with his father to England.
William placed Robert in charge of a large army to march north and deal with King Malcolm III of Scotland.
Malcolm had been raiding the north of England while William was occupied in Normandy.
When the two armies drew near each other, Malcolm did not want to fight.
He again swore fealty to king William and gave hostages.
Robert remained in England with his father until the end of 1081.
Events in Maine caused William and Robert to return to Normandy.
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou had been attacking in Maine again trying to get control away from Normandy.
William and Robert led a great army into Maine to confront the Angevin count.
Before the fighting could start, a cardinal and several monks stopped the battle.
They called for a truce and after much negotiation one was agreed to.
The count of Anjou was to let Normandy have Maine, but Robert, as count of Maine, had to recognize Fulk IV as his overlord for Maine.
When Queen Matilda died in 1083 Robert seemed to abandon his father.
He and his mother had been very close.
In 1087, the Conqueror died of wounds suffered from a riding accident during a siege of Mantes.
At his death he reportedly wanted to disinherit his eldest son but was persuaded to divide the Norman dominions between his two eldest sons.
To Robert he granted the Duchy of Normandy and to William Rufus he granted the Kingdom of England.
The youngest son Henry was given money to buy land.
Of the two elder sons Robert was considered to be much the weaker and was generally preferred by the nobles who held lands on both sides of the English Channel since they could more easily circumvent his authority.
At the time of their father's death the two brothers made an agreement to be each other's heir.
However this peace lasted less than a year when barons joined with Robert to displace Rufus in the Rebellion of 1088.
It was not a success, in part because Robert never showed up to support the English rebels.
Robert took as his close adviser Ranulf Flambard, who had been previously a close adviser to his father.
Flambard later became an astute but much-disliked financial adviser to William Rufus until the latter's death in 1100.
In 1096, Robert left for the Holy Land on the First Crusade.
At the time of his departure he was reportedly so poor that he often had to stay in bed for lack of clothes.
In order to raise money for the crusade he mortgaged his duchy to his brother William for the sum of 10,000 marks.
When William II died on 2 August 1100, Robert was on his return journey from the Crusade and was about to marry a wealthy young bride to raise funds to buy back his duchy.
As a result, his brother Henry was able to seize the crown of England for himself.
Upon his return, Robert – urged by Flambard and several Anglo-Norman barons – claimed the English crown on the basis of the short-lived agreement of 1087.
In 1101, he led an invasion to oust his brother Henry; he landed at Portsmouth with his army but his lack of popular support among the English as well as Robert's own mishandling of the invasion tactics enabled Henry to resist the invasion.
Robert was forced by diplomacy to renounce his claim to the English throne in the Treaty of Alton.
It is said that Robert was a brilliant field commander but a terrible general in the First Crusade.
His government (or misgovernment) of Normandy as well as his failed invasion of England suggests that his military skills were little better than his political skills.
In 1105, however, Robert's continual stirring of discord with his brother in England as well as civil disorder in Normandy itself prompted Henry to invade Normandy.
Orderic reports on an incident at Easter 1105 when Robert was supposed to hear a sermon by the venerable Serlo, Bishop of Sées.
Robert spent the night before sporting with harlots and jesters and while he lay in bed sleeping off his drunkenness his unworthy friends stole his clothes.
He awoke to find himself naked and had to remain in bed and missed the sermon.
In 1106, Henry defeated Robert's army decisively at the Battle of Tinchebray and claimed Normandy as a possession of the English crown, a situation that endured for almost a century.
Captured after the battle, Robert was imprisoned in Devizes Castle for twenty years before being moved to Cardiff.
In 1134, Robert died in Cardiff Castle in his early eighties.
Robert Curthose, sometime Duke of Normandy, eldest son of the Conqueror, was buried in the abbey church of St. Peter in Gloucester.
The exact place of his burial is difficult to establish – legend states that he requested to be buried before the High Altar.
His effigy carved in bog oak, however, lies on a mortuary chest decorated with the attributed arms of the Nine Worthies (missing one – Joshua, and replaced with the arms of Edward the Confessor).
The effigy dates from about 100 years after his death and the mortuary chest much later.
William Clito (1102—1128); he had no children.
Richard, who died hunting in the New Forest in May 1100.
An unnamed daughter who married Helias of Saint-Saens.
1050s births
1134 deaths
A push-pull aircraft is a type of aircraft whose principle is a twin engine.
The first engine is propulsion.
The second is tractive.
The first push and the second pull.
On the outside, these aircraft are noticeable by their two propellers: one in front and one in back.
October is the second album by Irish rock band U2, from the year 1981.
The album is about spirituality.
It got mixed reviews and it was not played much by radio stations.
After touring for Boy, U2 began to write new songs.
The band started recording in the studio in July 1981.
Then Bono lost his notebook with the lyrics after a show in Portland, Oregon.
He had to make up the words to songs as he was singing on the microphone.
His lost notebook was returned many years later, in 2004.
Bono said its return was "an act of grace".
When it was released, October got more mixed reviews than their first album, Boy.
Dave McCullough of Sounds magazine praised the album.
He said: "A kind of zenith pop then, no half measures.
It all breathes fire... 'Gloria' being possibly Their Finest Moment and 'Tomorrow', low and muted, gently oozing emotion".
McCullough also said, "This October will last forever".
Adam Sweeting of Melody Maker also gave a good review.
He said: "Their whole musical sensibility is shaped by a strong emotional bond to their homeland and its traditions.
It gives them a completely different frame of reference from most groups...
But, NME gave a negative review.
Barney Hoskyns talked about the "excessive plaintiveness of Bono's voice and the forced power of U2's sound".
He also said: "Obviously rock doesn't expire just because groups run out of ways to change it... U2, I guess, will continue to 'move' in live performance, but they will only move on the lightest surface.
Their music does 'soar'... But then 'God' knows, there are other religions".
Gloria - 4:14
I Fall Down - 3:39
I Threw a Brick Through a Window - 4:54
Rejoice - 3:37
Fire - 3:51
Tomorrow - 4:39
October - 2:21
With a Shout (Jerusalem) - 4:02
Stranger in a Strange Land - 3:56
Scarlet - 2:53
Is That All? -
2:59
Bono – lead vocals
The Edge – guitar, piano, backing vocals
Adam Clayton – bass
Larry Mullen Jr. – drums
Pornainen is a municipality in southern Finland.
About 5,162 people lived there in 2013.
Nearby municipalities are Askola, Mäntsälä, Porvoo and Sipoo.
Municipality of Pornainen – Official website
Alavus is a city in Finland.
As of 31 May 2013, 12,349 people lived there.
Nearby municipalities are Alajärvi, Kuortane, Seinäjoki, Virrat and Ähtäri.
Virrat is a city in Finland.
As of 31 May 2013, 7,344 people lived there.
Nearby municipalities are Alavus, Keuruu, Kihniö, Mänttä-Vilppula, Ruovesi, Seinäjoki, Ylöjärvi and Ähtäri.
Härkönen (Virrat)
Jäähdyspohja
Ikkala (Virrat)
Killinkoski
Lahdenkylä (Virrat)
Liedenpohja
Rantakunta
Vaskuu
Vaskivesi
Äijänneva
The Southeast Division is one of three divisions in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Atlantic Division and the Central Division.
The five teams in this division are the Atlanta Hawks, Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, and the Washington Wizards.
The Piaggio P.180 Avanti is an Italian twin-turboprop civilian aircraft.
It can carry between seven and nine passengers.
It is used for executive transport.
The Battle of Shiloh was a battle in the American Civil War.
It was fought on April 6 and April 7, 1862, in Tennessee.
It was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War.
The Union Army of the Tennessee was commanded by Ulysses S. Grant.
Grant had captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in western Tennessee during the early months of 1862.
This forced the Confederate Army to leave Kentucky, western Tennessee, and central Tennessee.
Grant wanted to capture the city of Corinth, Mississippi, next.
But his superior, Henry W. Halleck, didn't want Grant to go any further south until other Union soldiers joined him.
So Grant moved his army to a place called Pittsburg Landing, which was on the Tennessee River.
There was a church near the landing called Shiloh Church.
His army stayed there for several weeks.
General Albert Sidney Johnston commanded the Confederates.
Johnston's second-in-command was P. G. T. Beauregard.
Beauregard came up with a plan to recapture western Tennessee.
Confederate soldiers from all over the Western theater gathered in Corinth.
Then, starting on April 3rd, they marched north toward Grant's army.
The Confederate Army was ready to attack on the morning of the 6th.
The battle started around dawn on April 6th.
The Confederates surprised the Union Army.
After fighting all day, Grant's army retreated back to Pittsburg Landing.
Johnston was killed during the battle, and Beauregard took over the Confederate Army.
More Union soldiers arrived at the battlefield during the night.
They were part of the Army of the Ohio, commanded by Don Carlos Buell.
Grant attacked the Confederates the next morning.
The two armies fought all morning and during the afternoon.
By 4 p.m., Beauregard decided to retreat back to Corinth.
The Confederates lost 10,698 casualties during the battle.
Union soldiers buried the Confederate dead on the battlefield.
The Union Army lost about 14,500 casualties during the battle.
Shiloh, Battle of
19th century in Tennessee
The Panavia Tornado is a twin-turbojet attack and electronic warfare aircraft.
It was built by three European countries: Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom.
Its first flight was in 1974.
Its introduction was in 1979.
The Royal Air Force used it in the Gulf War, war in Afghanistan, and war in Libya.
Saudi Arabia also uses this aircraft.
Electronic warfare is all military techniques for aerial reconnaissance, spying, and radar jamming.
In electronic warfare, missiles like AGM-45 Shrike or AGM-88 Harm can be used to destroy radar or communication systems.
Examples include deciphering encrypted messages, such as the messages decoded due to the British reverse engineering of the German Enigma.
Anglican Church in Japan
A hearse is a car used to transport a coffin.
It is usually used to go to a cemetery.
Hearses are usually black or gray.
They are driven by a mortician.
Shfela (, Shephelah, also called , Shfelat Yehuda, "Judean foothills") is a region in Israel.
It is between the Judaean Mountains and the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
Soils of the Coastal Plain and the Shefela
Brunel University is a university in west London.
It is named after Isambard Kingdom Brunel.
The Sharon plain ( HaSharon) is a region in Israel.
It is on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea between Tel Aviv and Haifa.
It starts at the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv and ends at Mount Carmel.
Hassan Ahmed Ademov (), (born 24 January 1953), is a Bulgarian politician of Turkish origin.
Sarah Alice (Addams) Haldeman (June 5, 1853 – March 19, 1915) was a United States craftswoman, banker and philanthropist.
She was the sister of social activist Jane Addams.
Haldeman died from pneumonia.
She outlived her husband and managed his bank after his death.
Charles Brenton Huggins (September 22, 1901 – January 12, 1997) was a Canadian-born American physician, physiologist, and cancer researcher at the University of Chicago specializing in prostate cancer.
He was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that hormones could be used to control the spread of some cancers.
Huggins was born on September 22, 1901 in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
He studied at Acadia University and at Harvard University.
Huggins died on January 22, 1997 in Chicago, Illinois from natural causes, aged 95.
Ben May Department for Cancer Research
He starred in Vice Versa, Anna Karenina, The Winslow Boy, The Fan, Scrooge, The House Across the Lake, and in The Ghost Train.
The Great Well (1924)
Lord Babs (1932)
Music Hath Charms (1935)
Marigold (1938)
Three Silent Men (1940)
Hugh Dempster at the Internet Movie Database
Hugh Dempster at the Internet Broadway Database
Bradwell was born April 16, 1828, at Loughborough, England to American parents.
He was raised in Utica, New York and in Jacksonville, Illinois.
In 1852, he married Myra Colby.
Bradwell died on November 30, 1907 in Chicago, Illinois from pneumonia, aged 79.
Biography on rootsweb
Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1908, pp.
329-330.
He studied in Germany and England, and arrived to Colombia in 1847.
In Bogotá he was contracted to build the Colombian National Capitol by the president Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera.
He also designed the Panopticon prison which was adapted in 1975 for the Colombian National Museum.
Biography of Thomas Reed , Banco de la República.
Glenn E. Plummer (born August 18, 1961) is an American actor.
He was born in Richmond, California.
He has acted in many movies and TV series.
He married DeMonica Santiago-Plummer in 2001.
Santiago-Plummer filed for divorce in February 2013.
Weaver played in many movies, TV productions and theater performances since the 1970s.
In 1971, she got an Australian Film Institute Award for her performance in the movie Stork as Anna.
She got an award in the category supporting role for her performance in Caddie in 1976.
In 2010, she was best known for her role as "Janine Cody" in Animal Kingdom.
She got many prizes for it, including the Australian Film Institute, the National Board of Review Award, the LAFCA-Award and the Satellite Award in the category supporting actress.
In 2012, she played in the movie Silver Linings Playbook.
For this performance, she got an Academy Award nomination in the category supporting actress.
Jacki Weaver at the National Film and Sound Archive
Glasnost () was a policy that called for increased openness in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union.
It was introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of the 1980s.
Glasnost is often paired with Perestroika (restructuring), another reform instituted by Gorbachev at the same time.
The word "glasnost" has been used in Russian at least since the end of the 18th century.
The word was often used by Gorbachev for policies he believed might reduce corruption at the top, and moderate the abuse of power by the Central Committee.
Russian human rights activist and dissident Lyudmila Alexeyeva explained glasnost as a word that "had been in the Russian language for centuries.
It was in the dictionaries and lawbooks as long as there had been dictionaries and lawbooks.
It was an ordinary, hardworking, nondescript word that was used to refer to a process, any process of justice of governance, being conducted in the open".
The nerve cord is a bundle of nerve fibres which run the length of an animal's body.
In invertebrates it runs along the ventral side under the gut.
In chordates it runs along the dorsal side above the gut.
Ion Creangă (1 March 1837, Humulești, Romania – 31 December 1889, Iași) was a Romanian writer.
He wrote all kinds of stories including his autobiography  (English: Childhood memories).
Vasile Alecsandri (21 June 1821, Bacău – 22 August 1890, Mircești) was a Romanian poet, politician, minister, and diplomat.
He founded the Romanian Academy and Romanian Theatre.
Tower of Saviors is a video game which is developed in Hong Kong.
Since July 2013, this game has been downloaded over 5,000,000 times.
Seventy-five percent of players are Taiwanese.
Copying issue
The gameplay and characters are similar to Puzzle & Dragons, a Japanese game.
The person in charge said that the game has referenced other games, such as Puzzle & Dragons.
Official website of Tower of Saviors
An outboard motor is traditionally an engine that is used with boats.
With those is no need for oars.
An outboard motor can be an electric motor, which doesn't pollute at all.
An interest rate is how much interest is paid by borrowers for the money that they borrow.
It is usually a percentage of the sum borrowed.
So, a simple 10% interest means that if one borrows $100, one pays back $110.
Interest rates in a  country are usually guided by a base rate set by its central bank.
The interest rate to businesses and citizens is always above the base rate .
Pirkka-Pekka Petelius (born 31 May 1953, Tornio) is a Finnish actor and singer.
He started in the 1970s.
He was born in Tornio.
In 1975, he moved to Helsinki.
He has released six albums.
Finnish movie actors
John Preston Amis (17 June 1922 – 1 August 2013 ) was a British broadcaster, classical music critic, music administrator, radio and television personality, and writer.
He was a writer for The Guardian and to BBC radio and television music programming.
Amis was born on 17 June 1922 in Dulwich, London, England.
He studied at Dulwich College.
Amis was the cousin of Kingsley Amis.
In 1949, he married the violinist Olive Zorian.
The marriage was dissolved in 1955 and Zorian died in 1965.
Amis died on 1 August 2013 from natural causes, aged 91.
John Amis' official blog
"Invaders Must Die" is a song by the British electronic band The Prodigy.
It was released on the band's website on 26 November 2008.
It was the first single from the album Invaders Must Die.
The Junkers Ju 88 is a twin-engine military aircraft.
It was built in Nazi Germany.
It was used as a bomber, fighter, and reconnaissance in World War II.
Its first flight was in 1936.
It was first used in 1939.
At least 15,000 were built.
It was one of the major Luftwaffe aircraft.
It was used for the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain.
The Grumman X-29 was an experimental United States aircraft.
It aimed to test the technology of forward-swept wing and other technologies.
It first flew in 1984.
Tests were stopped in 1991.
It was a single-turbojet aircraft.
It was used by NASA.
The General Atomics MQ-1 Predator is an American unmanned aerial vehicle.
It is used by the US Air Force and the CIA for reconnaissance and as light attack aircraft.
It was used in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Its main weapon is the AGM-114 Hellfire light missile.
The Avro 504 is a British training aircraft.
It was used for World War I. It is one of the first British military aircraft.
It is a twin-seat and single-engine biplane.
Some were used in Belgium, France, Portugal, and USA.
Pica d'Estats (Catalan and Spanish: Pica d'Estats, French: Pic d'Estats) is a 3,143-m-high mountain in the Montcalm Massif, Pyrenees.
on the Spanish–French border.
In France, it is the highest point in the Department of Ariège.
In Spain, it is the highest point of the autonomous community of Catalonia and of the province of Lleida.
The summit of this mountain is on the border of the Regional Natural Park of the Pyrenees of Ariége ().
The Pica d'Estats is in a group of mountains that forms the Massif du Montcalm, and is the highest of the mountains in the East-Central Pyrennes.
Central peak, or Pica d'Estats, ( 3,143 m)
Western peak, or Pic de Verdaguer, (3,131 m)
Eastern peak, or Punta Gabarró, (3,115 m); here there is a triangulation station.
The first ascent of this peak was made by Corabœuf & Jean-Jacques Testu in 1827.
Henry Russell climbed this peak in June 1864.
Altituderando: Pic du Montcalm - Pic d'Estats - Pic Verdaguer
Camptocamp.org
The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was signed in the autumn of 911.
It was a treaty between Charles the Simple and Rollo, one of the leaders of the Vikings living in Neustria.
It was to protect Charles' kingdom from any new invasion by the "Northmen.
After a victory near Chartres on 26 August, Charles decided to try to reach an agreement with Rollo.
The result was the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte.
The treaty granted Rollo all land between the river Epte and the sea in exchange for his fealty.
In addition, the treaty granted Rollo Brittany "for his livelihood".
At the time, Brittany was an independent region which France had not been able to control.
In exchange, Rollo promised the king his loyalty, which involved military assistance for the protection of the kingdom.
As a token of his good will, Rollo also agreed to be baptised and marry Gisela a daughter of king Charles.
The territory covered by the treaty is nearly the same as today’s Upper Normandy down to the Seine river.
It would later extend west beyond the Seine to form the Duchy of Normandy, named for the northmen who ruled it.
The treaty was entered into after the death of Alan I, King of Brittany and at the time another group of Vikings occupied Brittany.
Around 937 Alan I's son, Alan II returned from England to expel those Vikings from Brittany.
This happened in 939.
The Epte is a river in Seine-Maritime and Eure, in Normandy, France.
It is a tributary of the river Seine.