the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Vagina Monologues at Random House
V-Day official site
Official UK Page
The Vagina Monologues at HBO.com
The Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) is a leopard subspecies.
It is sometimes called the far eastern leopard.
The leopard lives in the Primorye region of southeastern Russia and in the Jilin Province of northeast China.
It is critically endangered (IUCN).
Only 14–20 adults and 5–6 cubs were counted in 2007.
Only 19–26 Amur leopards live in the wild.
The Amur leopards are endangered because they have been hunted for their fur.
Also because their food sources are running out due to them being hunted for their fur.
Amur leopards can be recognized from the patterns in their fur.
They live in temperate, broadleaf and mixed forests.
The Amur Leopard almost extinct by human hunting.
It's called human hunting since the humans tear down the forest so no tree and bushes so the leopard cannot hide.
At that time, they hunt them and sell to get money.
The number of Amur cats is decreasing due to the human activity, invasion of domestic cats, and infectious disease.
Because these cats play a huge role and the ecosystem cannot afford to lose such species, researchers found a way to regenerate the endangered animal.
This can be done from culture cell with somatic cloning technique.
They breed in spring and early summer.
Most of them are in captive breeding programs.
They give birth to one to four cubs.
Inbreeding is common in the wild.
Their diet consists of roe deer, sika deer, badgers and hares.
Der Freischütz is an opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber with a libretto by Friedrich Kind.
It premiered on 18 June 1821 at the Schauspielhaus Berlin.
The title is usually translated as The Marksman, or The Freeshooter.
The plot is based on the German folk legend of the Freischütz and many of its tunes were inspired by German folk music.
Its unearthly portrayal of the supernatural in the famous Wolf's Glen scene has been described as "the most expressive rendering of the gruesome that is to be found in a musical score".
Compositions by Carl Maria von Weber
Jeremy Renner (born January 7, 1971) is an American actor, singer and film producer.
He is famous for his role in the movie The Avengers.
In the Avengers he plays Hawkeye, a.k.a.
Clint Barton.
Jeremy Lee Renner is an American actor.
He appeared largely in independent films, such as Dahmer and Neo Ned.
Renner appeared in supporting roles in bigger films, such as S.W.A.T. and 28 Weeks Later.
Business & Federations
Institutional
Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry
Minister of Social Affairs
The Avengers is a 2012 American superhero action movie based on Marvel Comics characters.
It was distributed under Disney and premiered on April 11, 2012.
The movie was written and directed by Joss Whedon.
It stars Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Tom Hiddleston, and Samuel L. Jackson, with Stellan Skarsgård, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Paul Bettany in supporting roles.
It was positively welcomed from audiences, fans, and film critics alike.
Avengers movies
, also romanized as Shōhei, was a  after Enchō and before Tengyō.
This period started in April 931 and ended in May 938.
Events of the Jōhei era
3 September 931 (Jōhei 1, 19th day of the 7th month): The former-Emperor Uda died at the age of 65.
932 (Jōhei 2, 8th month): Fujiwara no Sadakata died at the age of 65.
933 (Jōhei 3, 8th month): Fujiwara no Nakahira is named Minister of the Right (udaijin).
933 (Jōhei 3, 12th month): Ten of the chief dignitaries of the empire went falcon-hunting together in Owari province.
Each of them was magnificent in his formal hunting attire.
935 (Jōhei 5): The Great Fundamental Central Hall (kompon chūdō) on Mt. Hiei burned down.
7 September 936 (Jōhei 6, 19th day of the 8th month): Fujiwara Tadahira was named Prime Ministger (daijō-daijin).
Fujiwara Nakahira was named Minister of the Left (sadaijin), and Fujiwara Tsunesuke was named udaijin.
937 (Jōhei 7, 12th month): The former-Emperor Yōzei celebrated his 70th birthday.
931 establishments
938 disestablishments
Geraldine Page (22 November 1924 – 13 June 1987) was an American theater and movie actress.
She was nominated for eight Academy Awards during her career.
Page was born around Kirksville, Missouri.
Joanne is a female based name.
It was popular as recently as around 1975 in Northern Ireland and United Kingdom.
In Hebrew, Joanne means God is Gracious.
There are many celebrities who have the name, like Joanne Dru, Joanne Missingham, Joanne Woodward and Joanne Whalley.
Gethsemane is a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives.
It is most famous for being the place where Jesus and his disciples are said to have prayed the night before Jesus' crucifixion.
The Ildegizids, Eldiguzids (, ) or Ildenizids, also known as Atabegs of Azerbaijan ( Atabakan-e Āzarbayjan, ) A historical state that ruled Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq, Iran and Jibali in 1136-1225.
The foundation of the dynasty is connected with Shamsaddin Eldaniz of Kipchak origin.
Thus, Eldaniz, who took Arran as an iqta by Sultan Masud, soon spread his power throughout Azerbaijan.
After his son Arslanshah also ruled in 1160, Eldaniz effectively seized power in the Seljuk sultanate of Iraq.
During the reign of Shamsaddin Eldaniz, the lands of the Azerbaijani ancestors covered the lands of Arran, Azerbaijan, Shirvan, Cibal, Hamadan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Isfahan, Rey, Mosul, Kirman, Persia, Khuzistan, Akhlat, Erzurum and Maragha.ere a Turkic dynasty of Kipchak origin.
They controlled most of northwestern Persia, eastern Transcaucasia, including Arran, most of Azerbaijan, and Djibal.
At their biggest, the land they had was about most of north-western and upper-central modern Iran, most of the regions of modern Azerbaijan and smaller portions in modern Armenia, Turkey and Iraq.
The strengthening of the dynasty is connected with the period of Mohammad Jahan Pahlava.
After the death of Sultan Arslanshah in 1175, Jahan Pahlavan, who brought his 7-year-old son Togrul III to power, declared himself his ancestor and, like Shamsaddin Eldaniz, took de facto power.
Atabey Jahan Pahlavan suppressed revolts against the central government and established friendly relations with the ruling dynasties in the neighborhood.
Since the period of Jahan Pahlava was a period of stability, cultural spheres developed in the lands under the rule of the Eldenizs.
During the reign of the mentioned Atabey, the capital of the Eldenizs was moved from Nakhchivan to Hamadan.
Atabeg means "father lord" in Turkic languages.
It was the title given to the Turkic officers of Seljuq dynasty.
Atabegs were not only vice-regents, but also de-facto rulers.
List of Eldiguzids (Atabegs of Azerbaijan)
Shams al-Din Ildeniz or Eldigüz (ca.1135 or 1136-1174 or 1175)
Mohammed Jahan Pahlavan (1174 or 1175–1186)
Qizil Arslan (1186–1191)
Abu Bakr (1191–1210)
Uzbek (1210–1225)
He went to Las Piñas Elementary School in his elementary education and to the University of Manila in his secondary education.
He obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines in 1952 and passed the Bar examination the same year.
He started his career as a professorial lecturer at the College of Law of the University of the Philippines and at the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern University.
Afterwards, he became an Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila and then as Judge to the Court of First Instance.
Justice Cuevas died on February 9, 2014 from liver cancer.
The Constitution of Azerbaijan was started on 12 November 1995 by popular referendum.
It was changed on 24 August 2002.
It is the "highest legal force" in Azerbaijan.
protection of national sovereignty and territorial integrity
a constitutional democracy
make a civil society
a secular state based upon the rule of law
a "worthy life level" for citizens and "just" economic and social order
observance of "universal human values", peace and international cooperation
The Constitution of Azerbaijan at the Presidential website
The Manat is the national money used in Azerbaijan.
It is divided into 100 qəpik.
The word manat comes from the Russian word "moneta" which means coin.
Manat was also the name of the Soviet ruble in both the Azerbaijani and Turkmen languages.
The Azerbaijani manat symbol, , is not easily typed on computers, so "m" or "man."
can be used instead.
Azerbaijani manat is also written as AZN.
In Azerbaijan people can only use manats.
Azebaijani manats are more valuable than the United States dollar and almost as valuable as the Euro.
Qəpik
Der Standard article on the redenomination
Azerbaijan International.
Azerbaijan's New Manats: Design and Transition to a New Currency
Catalog of Azeri coins and banknotes
Azerbaijan Time, or AZT, is a time zone used in Azerbaijan.
The standard time zone is four hours ahead of UTC (UTC+4).
The driving side of a road is the side where vehicles must drive.
Each country says whether vehicles will drive on the right-hand or left-hand side of the road.
This is sometimes called the rule of the road.
This basic rule makes traffic move more easily.
It also lowers the risk of head-on collisions.
Today about 66.1% of the world's people live in countries that drive on the right-hand side; 33.9% live in countries that  drive on the left-hand side.
The side driven on is usually the inverse of the side on which a vehicle's steering wheel and instrument panel are located.
That is, right-hand drive (RHD) vehicles are normal when driving on the left-hand side of the road, and left-hand drive (LHD) vehicles are used when driving on the right-hand side of the road.
Most countries that drive on the left-hand side are former British colonies.
However, some other countries still chose the left-hand side of the road.
These countries include: Japan, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Mozambique, Suriname, East Timor, and Indonesia.
Today, only four European countries drive on the left-hand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, and Cyprus, all of which are islands.
There are several countries where their territories that exist outside the mainland drive on a different side from the mainland.
One well-known example is that all of China drives on the right-hand except for its Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, which drive on the left-hand.
Historically, before the creation of the automobile, people mostly rode on the left-hand side, since most people were right-handed and would whip their horses with their left hands.
Warriors in battle could also use their right hand to hold and control their weapon.
However, during the 1700s, many farmers began to pull their vehicles using teams of horses rather than just one.
This was so that the driver could easily whip all the horses and so that the driver could see how close their wheels were to colliding to another wagon.
In 1794, France passed the first right-hand driving laws, and this law would spread with Napolean's conquests.
The territories and regions of the former Austro-Hungarian and Portuguese Empires refused to change the direction of driving at first, but most eventually chose to drive on the right-side.
Only Mozambique, East Timor, and Macau (all former Portuguese colonies) still drive on the left-side.
Canada, Myanmar, Gibraltar, British Indian Ocean Territory, and a few countries in West Africa like Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia all switched to driving on the right hand side of the road.
In France, the Répertoire national des certifications professionnelles (RNCP) has been created by article L. 335-6 of the Code de l'éducation (Education Code).
The répertoire national des certifications professionnelles has for purpose to make available to individuals and businesses constantly update information on educational degrees and certificates on the lists established by the commissions paritaires nationales de l'emploi des branches professionnelles (national commissions).
It helps to facilitate access to employment, human resources management and mobility.
Under the authority of the Minister for Vocational Training, the Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle establishes and updates the répertoire national des certifications professionnelles.
It ensures the renewal and adaptation of diplomas.
Degrees are classified in the répertoire national des certifications professionnelles by field of activity and level.
For this criterion, until the adoption of the new classification referred to in article 8 of decree of 26 April 2002 referred to above, diplomas are classified according to the nomenclature des niveaux de formation (levels of training) approved by decision of the permanent group of vocational training and social advancement.
Répertoire national des certifications professionnelles Official website
In 2007, Radwańska became the first Polish player to win a WTA singles title.
In 2012 she lost the final of the Wimbledon Championships to Serena Williams.
She won WTA Finals in Singapour in 2015.
A caller from outside Azerbaijan would dial the international access number, usually 00.
They then dial the country code which is 994 for Azerbaijan.
Then they dial the two-digit area code, and then the seven-digit local number.
Area codes in Azerbaijan
On 1 August 2011, Azerbaijan reorganized its national numbering plan for area codes.
Only the area codes of Baku, Sumqayit, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (area codes 12, 18 and 36) stayed the same as before.
The following tables list both the old and new area codes.
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is in the United Nations System.
The UNHRC took the place of the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (CHR).
It was established by the United Nations General Assembly.
The General Assembly made the UNHRC on 15 March 2006.
This was to replace the previous CHR.
People did not like the CHR because they allowed countries with poor human rights records to be members.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon and former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson have not liked that the council acts for politics instead of human rights.
Several people have said the council focuses too much on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
The United States did not take part in the Council when George W. Bush was president.
They changed when Barack Obama became President.
On 18 June 2007, the UNHRC made a plan for future work.
They will assess the human rights in all 192 UN Member States.
They will also allow people and organizations to bring complaints about human rights violations to the attention of the Council.
Mr. Luis Alfonso de Alba (Mexico) 19 June 2006 to 18 June 2007.
Mr. Doru Romulus Costea (Romania) 19 June 2007 to 18 June 2008.
Mr. Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi (Nigeria) 19 June 2008 to 18 June 2009.
Mr. Alex Van Meeuwen (Belgium) 19 June 2009 to 18 June 2010.
Mr. Sihasak Phuangketkeow (Thailand) 19 June 2010 to 18 June 2011.
Laura Dupuy Lasserre (Uruguay)19 June 2011 to current.
The Georgians are a Caucasian ethnic group that come from Georgia.
Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.
The majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christian.
They mostly go by the national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church, which started in the 4th century.
There are also Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities in Tbilisi and Adjara.
Located in Caucasus at the edge of Europe, the Georgian people have tried to keep their Christian identity.
There is a lot of pressure from the neighboring Muslim empires.
Atropates (c. 370 BC – after 321 BC) was a Persian nobleman who served Darius III and then Alexander III of Macedon.
He made an independent kingdom.
A dynasty was named after him.
Diodorus Siculus calls him 'Atrapes'.
Quintus Curtius wrongly names him 'Arsaces'.
At the end of the Achaemenid Empire, Atropates was governor (satrap) of the Achaemenid province of Media.
In the Battle of Gaugamela (October 331 BCE) between Darius and Alexander, Atropates was in charge of the Achaemenid troops of Media.
When Darius lost he went to the Median capital of Ecbatana.
Atropates helped him.
Darius tried to get a new army but could not.
He left Ecbatana in June 330 BCE.
After Darius' death a month later at the hands of Bessus, Atropates surrendered to Alexander.
Alexander first chose Oxydates as satrap of Media.
In 328-327 BCE Alexander did not trust in Oxydates' loyalty.
Atropates was made satrap again.
In 325-324, Atropates gave Baryaxes (a rebel of the area) to Alexander.
Alexander thought highly of Atropates.
Alexander died on June 10, 323 BCE.
Atropates' new son-in-law Perdiccas was named regent of Alexander's half-brother Philip III.
After the "Partition of Babylon" in 323 BCE, Media was divided into two parts.
The greater portion in the south-east was governed by Peithon, a general of Perdiccas.
The smaller portion in the north west was given to Atropates.
At some point, Atropates made his part of Media an independent kingdom.
His son-in-law Perdiccas was murdered by Peithon in the summer of 320 BCE.
The dynasty Atropates made would rule the kingdom for several centuries.
They became vassals of the Seleucids, then as vassals of the Arsacids.
The area of Atropates' kingdom was known to the Greeks as "Media Atropatene" after Atropates.
Then as simply "Atropatene".
The Arsacids called it 'Aturpatakan' in Parthian, as did also the Sassanids.
Eventually Middle Iranian 'Aturpatakan' became 'Azerbaijan'.
This is where the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Iranian province of Azerbaijan get their name.
The Spartans under King Agesilaus II invade Arcadia.
After asking the Athenians for help, Arcadia turns to the Thebans.
Epaminondas of Thebes comes with an army, finds the Spartan have left and follows them.
With the support of Thebes, the Arcadian capital city of Megalopolis is completed.
The tagus of Thessaly, Jason of Pherae, dies.
The sculptor Praxiteles begins his active career in Athens (approximate date).
Eudoxus of Cnidus develops the method of exhaustion for mathematically determining the area under a curve.
Marcus Valerius Corvus, Roman hero
Theophrastus, Greek philosopher, a native of Eressos in Lesbos, the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school (d. c. 285 BC)
Agesipolis II, Agiad king of Sparta
Democritus of Abdera, Greek philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 460 BC)
Hippocrates of Cos, Greek physician (b. c. 460 BC)
Jason of Pherae, ruler of Thessaly
370s BC
June 26 – Egypt's Ptolemy I Soter quits ruling.
He is succeeded by his youngest son by his wife Berenice, Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
He was co-regent for three years.
A 110 metre tall lighthouse on the island of Pharos in Alexandria's harbour is completed.
It is a landmark for ships in the eastern Mediterranean.
Built by Sostratus of Cnidus for Ptolemy II of Egypt, it is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
It is a technological triumph and is the archetype of all lighthouses since.
A broad spiral ramp leads to the top, where a fire burns at night.
Demetrius Poliorcetes is left by his troops and surrenders to Seleucus at Cilicia, where Seleucus keeps him a prisoner.
Dicaearchus, Greek philosopher, cartographer, geographer, mathematician and author (b. c. 350 BC)
280s BC
Sidon, the centre of the revolt against Persia, asks for help from its sister city of Tyre and from Egypt but gets very little.
Idrieus, the second son of Hecatomnus, succeeds to the throne of Caria on the death of Artemisia II, the widow of his elder brother Mausolus.
Shortly after he becomes ruler, at the request of the Persian king, Artaxerxes III, Idrieus equips a fleet of 40 triremes and an army of 8,000 mercenary troops and despatches them against Cyprus, under the command of the Athenian general Phocion.
Alexander I becomes king of Epirus after his brother-in-law Philip II of Macedon dethrones Alexander's cousin Arymbas.
Philip II has Abdera in Thrace sacked.
The Gauls, once more threatening Rome, are beaten by an army of Rome and its allies.
The Maya civilization in Mesoamerica begins (approximate date).
Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations.
Also he discusses logical reasoning in Organon.
Plato proposes a geocentric model of the universe with the stars rotating on a fixed celestial sphere.
Praxiteles makes the Aphrodite of Knidos (approximate date).
A composite of two similar Roman copies after the original marble is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Gabinetto delle Maschere in Rome.
The building of the Mausoleum in Halikarnassos (modern Bodrum in Turkey) is completed (approximate date).
It is the grave of the Persian satrap and Carian ruler Mausolos and is built under the direction of his wife Artemisia.
The mausoleum, which is said to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is today partly kept at the British Museum in London.
The Corinthian capital is made in the tholos at Epidaurus.
It is now kept at the Archaeological Museum in Epidaurus, Greece (approximate date).
Dicaearchus, Greek philosopher, cartographer, geographer, mathematician and polygraph (d. c. 285 BC)
Cassander, king of Macedonia and founder of Antipatrid dynasty (approximate date) (d. c. 297 BC)
Shen Dao, Chinese philosopher known for his blend of Legalism and Taoism (approximate date) (d. c. 275 BC)
Artemisia, Queen of Caria and sister and wife of King Mausolus of Caria
The Museum of Alexandria is founded by the Egyptian King Ptolemy II.
When Pyrrhus returns from Sicily, he finds himself greatly outnumbered by the Roman army under the command of consul Manius Curius Dentatus.
After the Battle of Beneventum, Roman commander and statesman, Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, gets a peace with Pyrrhus.
Then Pyrrhus decides to end his battles in Italy and return to Epirus.
After Pyrrhus leaves Sicily, the Syracusan army and the city's citizens make Hiero II as the commander of their troops.
Antiochus's alliance with Antigonus II is made stronger by Antigonus' marriage to Phila, Antiochus' half sister.
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Roman dictator, politician and soldier (approximate date) (d. 203 BC)
Shen Dao, Chinese philosopher from Zhao who also served at the Jixia academy in Qi.
He is known for his blend of Legalism and Taoism (approximate date) (b. c. 350 BC)
270s BC
The Roman general, Publius Cornelius Scipio makes a surprise attack on the Carthaginians camp and destroys it.
He defeats the army in the Battle of the Great Plains.
The Numidian king, Syphax, and the Carthaginian leader, Hasdrubal Gisco, both escape.
The Roman general, Gaius Laelius, and Rome's Numidian ally, Masinissa, follow Syphax towards Cirta, the Numidian capital.
Syphax is captured and later dies in the Italian town of Alba Fucens.
Masinissa becomes king of both the Massyli and the Massaesyli tribes in Numidia.
He remains a loyal ally to the Romans.
Hasdrubal Gisco gets the Carthaginians to form a new army and to send for Hannibal to return home from Italy.
Hannibal finally leaves Italy and returns to Carthage.
The Carthaginian general, Mago Barca, is defeated and wounded by the Romans in a battle in Cisalpine Gaul.
He dies of his wounds on the return voyage to Carthage.
An agreement between Carthage and Rome is made.
The Carthaginian armies accept Scipio's severe terms.
But Hannibal gets the army ready for battle.
Mago Barca, Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War against Rome who has accompanied his brother Hannibal on the invasion of Italy (b. 243 BC)
Fabius Maximus Cunctator, Roman general and statesman (b. c. 275 BC)
Syphax, Numidian king allied with the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War against Rome
Together with fellow Illyrian, Scerdilaidas, Demetrius of Pharos attacks Illyrian cities under Roman protection and leads a piratical squadron into Greek waters.
They unsuccessfully attack Pylos, an Achaean town on the Messenian coast, in the Peloponnesus of Greece.
Scerdilaidas and the Aetolians invade Achaea.
With the help of Cynaethan traitors, they attack, take and burn Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia.
Rome strikes again against the Illyrian pirates starting the Second Illyrian War.
Demetrius seeks refuge with Philip V of Macedon, who is very resentful of the Roman interference.
Rome occupies Demetrius' chief fortresses, Pharos and Dimillos.
Aratus of Sicyon goes against Aetolian aggression by getting help from the Hellenic League now under the leadership of Philip V of Macedon.
In the Social War, the Hellenic League of Greek states is made in Corinth.
The Gortynians occupy Matala, on the island of Crete.
With Molon in most of the Seleucid kingdom and taking the title of king, Antiochus III stops a fight to conquer southern Syria from Egypt.
Antiochus III instead marches against Molon, defeating and killing him and his brother Alexander on the far bank of the Tigris.
Antiochus goes on conquer Atropatene, the north-western part of Media.
Meanwhile, the birth of a son to Antiochus III and Laodice leads Hermeias to think about getting rid of the king.
This is to rule under the name of the infant son.
Antiochus finds the plan and has Hermeias killed.
Antiochus III's commander in Anatolia, Achaeus, got back all the districts from Attalus of Pergamum.
Hermeias said Antiochus III wanted to revolt.
Achaeus takes the title of king and rules over the Anatolian parts of the Seleucid kingdom.
Arsinoe III marries her brother, King Ptolemy IV of Egypt.
During his censorship, the Roman political leader, Gaius Flaminius, builds the Circus Flaminius on the Campus Martius.
He also builds the Via Flaminia from Rome to Ariminum (Rimini).
Qin Shi Huang begins a system of tree-lined roads to connect all parts of China.
He begins to join regional walls to form the beginnings of the Great Wall (Wan li chang cheng).
A bronze statue called Gallic Chieftain killing his wife and himself is made (approximate date).
A Roman copy after the original statue is today kept at Museo Nazionale Romano in Rome.
A bronze statue called Dying Gallic trumpeter is made (possibly by Epigonos) (230-220 BC).
A marble Roman copy after the original statue is today kept at Museo Capitolino in Rome.
Conon of Samos, Greek mathematician and astronomer whose work on conic sections (curves of the intersections of a right circular cone with a plane) serves as the basis for the fourth book of the Conics of Apollonius of Perga (b. c. 280 BC)
Molon, general of the Seleucid king Antiochus III who has rebelled against his rule
Hermeias, the favourite and chief minister of the Seleucid king Seleucus III and, for a short time, chief minister to Antiochus III
The city of Pergamum is attacked by the Galatians (Celts who have settled in central Anatolia) because the leader of Pergamum, Attalus I Soter, has refused to pay them the customary tribute.
Attalus defeats his enemy in a battle outside the walls of his city.
To mark the success he takes the title of king and the name Soter.
King Agron of Illyria dies.
Pinnes, the son of Agron and Agron's first wife Triteuta, succeeds his father as king.
The kingdom is really ruled by Agron's second wife, Queen Teuta (Tefta).
She removes the Greeks from the Illyrian coast.
She then puts Illyrian pirate ships into the Ionian Sea, against the Roman shipping.
She keeps her husband's way of attacking cities on the west coast of Greece.
With Roman merchants being killed by the Illyrian pirates, ships are sent by Rome to Illyria.
The Roman ambassador lucius Coruncanius and the Issaean ambassador Cleemporus are murdered at sea.
Then Romans take the island of Corcyra.
The Temple of Horus is built by King Ptolemy III.
The state of Han is conquered by the state of Qin.
King Kubera rules Bhattiprolu in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
Ad Herbal, admiral of the Carthaginian fleet who has battled for domination of the Mediterranean Sea for Carthage in the First Punic War against Rome
Aristarchus of Samos, Greek astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 310 BC)
Antigonus tells Nicanor, one of his generals, to attack Babylonia from the east and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes to attack it from the west.
Nicanor gets a large force but it is surprised and defeated by Seleucus at the river Tigris.
Similarly, Demetrius Poliorcetes does not succeed.
Ptolemy attacks Cilicia.
The cities of Antigonia Troas (later known as Alexandria Troas) and Antigoneia (later known as Nicaea) are formed by Antigonus I Monophthalmus.
The tyrant of Syracuse Agathocles escapes from the siege of the city by the Carthaginians.
He takes the war back to their land.
Rome has more trouble from the Etruscans.
They are persuaded by the Samnites to stop their alliance with the Romans.
In the Battle of Lake Vadimo, the Romans under Fabius Maximus Rullianus defeat the Etruscans.
The Autariatae disappear due to Celtic migrations.
Aristarchus of Samos, Greek astronomer and mathematician (approximate date) (d. c. 230 BC)
Xun Zi, Chinese philosopher (approximate date)
Pytheas, Greek merchant, geographer and explorer from the Greek colony Massilia (today Marseille) (b. c. 380 BC)
310s BC
Persia makes the Athenians remove their general Chabrias from Egypt.
Chabrias has been helping the Egyptian Pharaohs keep their independence from the Persian Empire.
The Egyptian Pharaoh Hakor dies.
He is succeeded by his son Nepherites II, but he is overthrown by Nectanebo I within the year.
This ends the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt.
Nectanabo (or more properly Nekhtnebef) becomes the first Pharaoh of the Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt.
Cleombrotus I succeeds his brother Agesipolis I as king of Sparta.
What some historians call the Rich style in Greece comes to an end.
King Darius III of Persia (d. 330 BC) (approximate date)
Pytheas, Greek explorer, who will explore northwestern Europe, including the British Isles (d. c. 310 BC) (approximate date)
Agesipolis I, king of Sparta
Philoxenus of Cythera, Greek dithyrambic poet (b. 435 BC)
Hakor, king of the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt
Nefaarud II, son of Hakor and last king of the Twenty-ninth dynasty
380s BC
The Avengers is a spy-fi television series of the 1960s.
The show was aired from 7 January 1961 to 21 May 1969.
The main characters of this show included Doctor David Keel, his partner John Steed.
The female characters were Emma Peel (Diana Rigg) and Cathy Gale (played by Honor Blackman).
The show began airing in the United Kingdom.
In the U.S., though, it was not aired until 10pm or afterward.
This was due to violence and adult themes.
There were novels, radio programs and movies involving this series.
Uma Thurman played Emma Peel in the movie of 1998.
Fernando Grostein Andrade, or Fernando Andrade (born January 30, 1981 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter and director of photography.
He is known for the documentaries Wandering Heart, with Caetano Veloso, and Breaking the Taboo, featuring Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter that discusses alternatives to the failed war on drugs.
Fernando is also known for his prolific work in advertisement and video clips.
In 2009, Fernando founded the production house Spray Filmes.
Located in the Jardins neighborhood in São Paulo, Spray Filmes acts in the realm of film, advertisement and internet production.
Fernando is the son of the PhD urbanist Marta Dora Grostein and the journalist Mario Escobar de Andrade, director of Playboy magazine in Brazil, who died in 1991.
He is the brother, on his mother's side, of the TV host Luciano Huck.
Fernando got a degree in Business Administration at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas, in São Paulo.
He studied film at CINUSP, USC and UCLA.
Fernando began his career in communications at 15 years of age at the advertisement agency DM9 and the radio station Jovem Pan 2.
He also wrote articles for Trip magazine's website and for Playboy magazine.
In 2001, he made his first short film Strawberry, the first shot in HD at 24 frames per second in Brazil.
It introduced the actor Guilherme Berenguer in addition to the talent of other actors such as Fernanda Rodrigues and Daniel Dantas.
The short film opened the International Brasília Festival, the 27th São Paulo International Film Festival, the Paulista Audio Visual Festival, as well as the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films.
The short tells the tale of a boy whose girlfriend's sexual fantasy is to have sex in a bathtub filled with strawberry jam.
Frightened, the boy is advised by his psychiatrist to play along with the girl's fantasies, but at their first family dinner together, he discovers that the shrink is her father.
In 2003, Fernando Andrade went on a journey with Caetano Veloso to São Paulo, New York and Japan.
For 42 days, he documented the artist's discomfort with the recent success of his English language album internationally, revealing a new side of the Brazilian music master.
With participations from Michelangelo Antonioni, Pedro Almodóvar and David Byrne, the documentary Wandering Heart premiered on the 24th of July in the Brazilian Circuit by way of Paramount.
Wandering Heart, directed, photographed and edited by Fernando, was screened at the "It's All True" Festival in 2008  and the Rome Festival of the same year, where it was well received by the audience: according to Eric J Lyman, Hollywood Reporter, it was "one of the highlights of the weekend."
The screening took place at the Conciliacione auditorium, Blasco Giurato (Director of Photography of Cinema Paradiso) was there.
The film has one of the last registries of the filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni, right before he died in 2007.
The film critic and founder of the "It's All True" festival Amir Labaki, considered the documentary "The most revealing portrait of Caetano.
A figure that is here to stay."
The critic from O Globo newspaper, Marcelo Janot, considered it "The best film from the recent batch of documentaries of Brazilian musicians."
In 2010, Fernando directed the documentary short Newspaper of the Future.
The film documents changes within the newspaper Folha de São Paulo during the integration with its on-line counterpart, Folha.com.
It also showcased the new graphic design template being implemented and presented to the newspapers employees.
Filmed during 15 days at the newspapers headquarters and printing press in Tamboré, the production interviewed personalities such as Otavio Frias Filho, managing editor of Folha and the columnists: Clóvis Rossi, Juca Kfouri, José Simão and Barbara Gancia, amongst others.
In 2011, he released the documentary Breaking the Taboo, which discusses alternative policies for the failed war on drugs and has the Ex-President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, as its anchor.
The film features statements from Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter, Paulo Coelho, Dráuzio Varella, Gael Garcia Bernal and 4 other former heads of state from countries such as Colombia, Switzerland, Norway and Mexico.
The film caused ample repercussions in Brazil, promoting the debate in the media, schools and even in the Brazilian congress, with a speech by senator Eduardo Suplicy.
Veja Magazine published a 9-page article on the film calling it "a meticulously crafted report made over two years with 168 interviews from personalities, some of them of the same caliber as mentioned above, and others less known, but no less credible."
The television show Fantástico of Rede Globo, Brazil's largest TV network, aired an 8-minute report on the film and later polled the viewers on the subject, 57% voted in favor of legalization.
Trip magazine published a cover story on the film.
Filmed in 18 cities around the world, the interviewed subjects include premiers, policemen, inmates and rehabilitated addicts who help compose a board that debates and consolidates the films argument.
The Result of an ample research process, which includes 168 interviewed subjects, Breaking the Taboo was filmed in 18 cities around the World with the scenery varying from FARC poppy plantations in the Colombian Jungle to Amsterdam Coffeeshops and the American Capital.
The Newspaper Folha de São Paulo considered that the film had "A consistent argumentative route, not necessarily aligned with common sense".
The film also had repercussions in the English newspaper The Guardian: "The documentary highlights the perils of debating an issue so clouded by ideology and calls for an end to the stigmatization of the debate.
It boasts the support of several former world leaders including Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter."
The documentary is currently being adapted for the American and European market in partnership with the production house Current Sponge, led by Sam Branson, son of the entrepreneur Richard Branson.
In 2012, Fernando participated in the "Colors for Love" project of the Italian magazine Colors by directing and as serving as DP, on the short film "Cine Rincão" which tells the story of Paulo Eduardo, who was suddenly shot in the chest then went on to study film at the Criar Institute (an NGO which teaches film related skills to low income teens) and build the community movie theatre Cine Rincão.
The soundtrack is by Lucas Lima and Caetano Veloso.
Fernando directs advertisements for Spray Filmes.
In 2009 he filmed for ALmap BBDO the Open Cage campaign for the launch of the EOS convertible, an interactive film mixing 3d techniques with helicopter shots which received Gold at the FIAP and Wave Festival awards.
In 2010 Fernando directed the Nestlé 90 year anniversary campaign.
In 2010 he filmed the Grafiteiros campaign for the launch of Sprites new Can art, the campaign was re-edited in the next year for the X films.
For Mitsubishi and Africa Advertisement Agency he filmed the "Make New Friends" campaign.
For Arezzo and the art director Giovani Biano, Fernando filmed the "Love and Color" campaign.
Brazilian movie directors
Brazilian screenwriters
Brazilian movie producers
Falling Down is a 1993 American crime drama movie directed by Joel Schumacher.
It stars Michael Douglas as divorced defense engineer who was laid off the previous month.
Foster has a mental breakdown and walks out of his car whilst in a traffic jam.
He crosses Los Angeles, California on foot to go to his daughter's birthday party.
He uses violence against many people he encounters.
He is pursued by LAPD detective Prendergast, played by Robert Duvall.
The Karabakh horse , also known as Karabakh, is a mountain-steppe racing and riding horse.
It is named after the geographic area where the horse was first developed, Karabakh in the Southern Caucasus.
It is an area that is  part of Azerbaijan.
The highland part is currently under occupation by Armenia.
The breed is noted for its good temper and speed.
For example, in 2004 a Karabakh horse named Kishmish from the Agdam stud in Azerbaijan set a speed record by running 1000 metres in 1 minute 9 seconds, and 1600 metres in 1 minute, 52 seconds.
The breed is thought to be a cross-breeding of Akhal-Teke, Persian, Kabarda, Turkoman, and Arabian horse.
Right now, the Karabakh is bred mainly in Azerbaijan's Shaki area.
Currently the breed numbers are below 1,000.
It is threatened with extinction.
Breed characteristics
The horse is not large.
It is 14-15 hands high or 145–150 cm.
They have small, clean-cut heads, a straight profile with broad foreheads, and nostrils that can dilate.
The neck is set high, average in length, muscular and elegant.
They have compact bodies with well defined and developed muscles.
The horses have a deep chest, a sloping croup, and long, fine, but very strong legs, although the joints are small.
The horses are narrow, not very deep through the girth, due to the Akhal-Teke influence.
Their skin is thin and soft with shiny hair.
The main colors of the breed are chestnut and bay, with characteristic golden tint of the breed.
They can also be gray.
White markings are allowed.
They are fast and agile.
The Karabakh horse is said to have a good endurance and loyalty to master.
It is the official symbol of the Agdam and Shaki regions.
This horse is very important in Azerbaijan culture.
They appear in literature and are on items such as postage stamps.
Alim Qasimov (born 1957) is an Azerbaijani musician.
He is one of the foremost mugam singers in Azerbaijan.
He was awarded the International Music Council-UNESCO Music Prize in 1999.
It is one of the highest international honors for music.
His music is characterised by his vocal improvisation.
It is a move away from the traditional style of mugham.
Qasimov has recorded nine albums, three of which are mugham albums with his daughter, Ferghana Qasimova.
Influence and legacy
In 21 November 2009, he was included in a 500 most influential Muslims of world book.
The Icelandic singer Björk complimented Qasimov, by naming him as her "favourite singer alive today".
In 2010, Alim Qasimov was nominated for the United States National Public Radio's "50 great voices in recorded history" award.
Classical Mugham (3 January 1996)
The Art of Mugham: Azerbaidjan (Live) (1 December 1997)
The Mugham of Azerbaidjan (1 October 1999)
Love's Deep Ocean (11 October 1999) with Ferghana Qasimova
The Legendary Art of Mugham (15 October 1997) with Alim Qasimov Ensemble
Central Asian Series, Vol.
6: Spiritual Music of Azerbaijan (25 September 2007) with Ferghana Qasimova
"Intimate dialogue" - Live at Morgenland Festival Osnabrück 2009 with Ferghana Qasimova
They are dances at social functions by people with little or no professional training.
They are often to traditional music or music based on traditional music.
They are not made for public performance or the stage.
Traditional folkdances may be later arranged and set for stage performances.
The way they are done is strongly about inherited tradition rather than making changes.
Although like all folk traditions they do change over time.
New dancers often learn informally by watching others and/or getting help from others.
Polonez (Polish),
clogging,
English country dance,
international folk dance,
Irish dance,
Maypole dance,
Morris dance,
Turkish dance,
Welsh Morris Dance,
Nordic polska dance,
Ball de bastons,
square dance, and
sword dance.
Sword dances include Longsword dances and rapier dancing.
Some choreographed dances such as contra dance, Scottish country dance, and modern Western square dance, are called folk dances, though this is not true in the strictest sense.
Most country dances and ballroom dances are from folk dances, with small changes over the years.
Middle East & South Asia
Attan - The national dance of Afghanistan
Azerbaijani dances
Kurdish dance
Assyrian folk dance
Georgian Folk Dances
Bhangra a Punjabi harvest dance and music style that has become popular worldwide.
Ghoomar a traditional Bhil tribe women's folk dance of Rajasthan, India.
Ghumura Dance: War Dance from Kingdom of Kalahandi, Orissa, India
Kalbelia is one of the most sensuous dance forms of Rajasthan, performed by the kalbelia tribe.
Israeli folk dance
Baile Folklorico (Mexico and Central America)
Celebrations are a chocolate collection made by Mars, Incorporated.
They were started in 1997.
They are miniature versions of Mars-produced chocolate bars.
With the tagline "Share the joy", Celebrations were the first mixed box of chocolates to bring together confectionery which had been already released in one box or tin.
This was different than having new, especially-created candy.
Celebrations are most popular around holidays, such as Christmas, Halloween and Easter.
Dove / Galaxy
Dove Caramel / Galaxy Caramel
Maltesers Teaser
Galaxy Truffle
Party, a social gathering or celebration
Festival, a community gathering to celebrate something in particular
The observance of a feast day or holiday
The celebration of the Eucharist
A Southeast Alaska Native cultural event
"Celebration" (Kool & the Gang song), a song by Kool & The Gang, notably covered by Kylie Minogue
"Celebration" (Voices With Soul song), the debut single from girl band, Voices With Soul
"Celebration", a song by Krokus from Hardware
"Celebration", a song by Hafdis Huld from "Dirty Paper Cup"
Celebration (Simple Minds album), a 1982 album by Simple Minds
Celebration (Julian Lloyd Webber album), a 2001 album by Julian Lloyd Webber
Celebration (Madonna album), a 2009 greatest hits album by Madonna
Celebration (Madonna song), same-titled single by Madonna
"Celebration", a piece by Paul McCartney from Standing Stone
Celebration (Uriah Heep album), a 2009 album by Uriah Heep
Celebration (band), a Baltimore-based band
Celebration (Celebration album), a 2006 album by Celebration
Celebration (musical), a 1969 avante-garde musical theater work by Harvey Schmidt and Tom Jones
Celebration, alternate title for the 1971 concert film Celebration at Big Sur
"Celebration Day", a 1970 song from the album Led Zeppelin III
"A Celebration", a 1982 single by U2
Celebration (Smokie album), an album by Smokie
Celebration (Tyga song), a 2012 song by Tyga featuring T-Pain
The Fullerton College Jazz Festival 25th Anniversary, a 1997 album by the Fullerton College Jazz Bands and Jazz Singers
Celebration (play), by Harold Pinter
Celebration (painting), by Tyeb Mehta
Celebration, Florida, a community in the United States, originally developed by The Walt Disney Company.
Celebrations, a chocolate collection made by Mars, Inc.
Star Wars Celebration, an official Star Wars convention
Celebration (ship), a Holiday Class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Lines
The Celebration, 1998 Danish film
The Celebration Theatre, a gay and lesbian theatre company in Los Angeles, CA
The term used in the Bop It game instructions to notify that the player has reached the maximum score.
History and revival of chokha
It has been in wide use among Caucasians from the 9th century until 1920s.
Nowadays, chokha is no longer in use but continues to still be worn for ceremonial and festive occasions.
Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili made high-ranking Georgian officials working abroad to wear the national costume at official meetings.
So, in the very center of Europe, in the 21st century, among the elegant ladies and gentlemen classic suits, you will find men in their Chokhas, and daggers around the waist.
Types of chokha
There are Four types of Chokha worn among the Georgians:
Kartl-Kakheti chokha (Kartli and Kakheti are eastern Georgian provinces)
Khevsur Chokha (mainly in Mtskheta-mtianeti province of Georgia)
Adjarian chokha (mainly found in western Georgia provinces such as Adjara and Guria and also used to be used in Lazona that is now part of republic of Turkey)
General Caucasian chokha which is like a Kartl-Kakheti chokha but is little longer
In Georgia, the Black chokha was reserved to the "Order of Chokhosani".
They represent the elite society of the citizens.
These were people with special dedications such as: Great generals, heroes or some of the famous poets and the people who had done some big service to the country.
Not even all of Lords were allowed in "Chokhosani Orden" and those who did proudly represented this rank in their clothing.
Chokha is sewn of thick fabric and is tight on the waist and wide on the bottom.
In some parts of the Caucasus there are also female chokhas.
Generally, the chokha outfit includes a khanjali (the sword), the akhalukhi also know as the arkhalig (a shirt worn underneath the chokha), the gazyrs (the bullets), and the bashlyk (a hood, separate from the robe) or  papakha (a tall fur hat).
The term Eastern world means very broadly the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems of Eastern Asia or geographically the Eastern Culture.
This includes the Indian subcontinent (which is Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Nepal and sometimes Afghanistan), the Far East (which is China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Philippines,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea), Australasia (Australia, New Zealand).
The Middle East/Near East and Central Asia are, as their names imply, often considered 'east' in terms of Europe
The division between "East" and "West" is from European cultural history.
There is a difference between European Christendom and the alien cultures beyond it to the East.
With the European colonization of the Americas the East/West distinction became global.
The idea of an Eastern, "Indian" (Indies) or "Oriental" sphere was made stronger by ideas of racial as well as religious and cultural differences.
Such differences were shown by Westerners in the scholarly tradition known as Orientalism and Indology.
People from the East are known by certain regions in the West as "Oriental".
During the Cold War, the term "Eastern world" was sometimes used to mean the Eastern Bloc, which was the Soviet Union, China and their communist allies.
The term "Western world" often meant the United States and its NATO allies such as the United Kingdom.