the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
They did not capture the soldiers living in it though.
They had escaped through tunnels and caves underneath.
The Blarney Stone
The Blarney Stone is a slab of limestone.
The size of the stone is about 4 feet long and 1 foot wide.
It is built into the castle's battlements 83 feet up from the ground.
There are lots of myths about where the stone came from.
Some say it came from the prophet Jeremiah.
Some say it came from Stonehenge.
It is supposed to have been given to Dermot MacCarthy by Robert the Bruce.
The gift was for help fighting against the English at the 1314 battle of Bannockburn.
In 2014 scientists in Scotland examined a piece of the stone.
They found that it was a piece of limestone from close to the castle.
The stone is about 330 million years old.
The Blarney stone is one of Ireland's biggest tourist attractions.
Hundreds of tourists visit Blarney Castle every day.
The visitors go to kiss the Blarney Stone.
People think that kissing the stone will give them the "gift of the gab" (make them good at talking).
There is usually a long queue of people waiting to kiss it.
To kiss the stone people have to lie on their backs and let their heads hang back over a ledge.
Devon Werkheiser (born March 8, 1986 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American actor, voice actor, singer-songwriter and musician.
He is best known for his role as Ned Bigby in the Cartoon Network sitcom Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, he is also known for his role as main character Nolan Byrd in the TV movie Shredderman Rules.
Werkheiser was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and raised in Johns Creek, Georgia.
The Order of Leopold (, ) is one of the three (current) Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.
It is the highest order of Belgium.
It is named in honour of King Leopold I. It consists of a military, a maritime and a civilian division.
The maritime division is only awarded to personnel of the merchant navy, and the military division to military personnel.
The decoration was established on 11 July 1832.
It is awarded for extreme bravery in combat or for meritorious service of immense benefit to the Belgian nation.
The Order of Leopold is awarded by Royal Decree.
During the Second World War, the Order of Leopold was awarded to officers of foreign militaries who had helped to liberate Belgium from the occupation of German forces.
Famous recipients include Brand Whitlock, George S. Patton, Bernard Montgomery, Dwight Eisenhower, and Wesley Clark.
Medal of Honor recepient Sergeant Francis S. Currey was awarded the Order of Leopold for his actions at Malmedy, Belgium in late 1944.
The medal was also granted to Karel Bossart in 1962, and Josip Broz Tito in 1970.
Jack Albert Kinzler (January 9, 1920 – March 4, 2014) was an American NASA engineer.
He was the chief of the Technical Services Center at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
He was known within the agency as Mr. Fix It.
He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal for creating the solar shield that saved Skylab.
Kinzler died from natural causes on March 4, 2014 in Taylor Lake Village, Texas.
Engineers from Pennsylvania
The prickly pear is Opuntia: a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae.
There are about 190 different species of Opuntia.
The genus is named after the Ancient Greek city of Opus.
There, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew which could be propagated by rooting its leaves.
Prickly pears (mostly Opuntia stricta) were originally imported into Australia in the 18th century for gardens.
They were later used as a natural agricultural fencing.
They quickly became a widespread invasive weed.
They changed  of farming land into an impenetrable green jungle of prickly pear, in places  high.
In 1919, the Australian federal government established the Commonwealth Prickly Pear Board to coordinate efforts with state governments to eradicate the weed.
Early attempts at mechanical removal and poisonous chemicals failed, so in a last resort, biological control was attempted.
There is a moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, from South America, whose larvae eat prickly pear.
It was introduced in 1925 and rapidly reduced the cactus population.
A memorial hall in Chinchilla (Queensland) commemorates the moth.
This is one of the earliest known examples of the biological control of pests.
The idea of lines of force was invented by Michael Faraday.
His theory is that all of reality is made up of force itself.
His theory predicts that electricity, light, and gravity have finite propagation delays.
Einstein's theory agrees with this.
One can make magnetic field lines show as if they were physical phenomena.
For example, iron filings placed in a magnetic field line up to form lines that correspond to 'field lines'.
If there are a lot of lines through a magnet and not a great space between them, the magnet is strong.
If the lines between a magnet are far apart and there aren't many lines, the magnet is weak.
A way of determining the strength of a magnet is to do an experiment with iron filings.
The iron filings will get attracted to the magnet and move into the shape of the flux lines.
You then look at the shape of the iron filings and see the gap between the flux lines.
This gives you an idea of the strength of the magnet.
The use of iron filings to display a field alters the magnetic field so that it is much larger along the "lines" of iron.
This caused by the large permeability of iron relative to air.
Magnetic fields' "lines" are also visually displayed in polar auroras, when particles cause visible streaks of light that line up with the local direction of Earth's magnetic field.
Magnetic field lines are like the contour lines (constant altitude) on a topographic map in that they represent something continuous, and a different mapping scale would show more or fewer lines.
There is an advantage to using magnetic field lines as a representation.
Many laws of magnetism (and electromagnetism) can be stated completely and concisely using simple concepts such as the 'number' of field lines through a surface.
The actual magnetic field itself does not have "lines" in it; the "lines" are solely the iron filings becoming polarized themselves, reacting to each other and the field, lining up N and S with respect to each other in the field.
If you could see the actual fields of force, it would be shaded and gradient, with a heavier, thicker shade near the stronger part of the magnet, fading the further you get from the source.
And in all 3 dimensions, which iron filing demonstrations cannot reproduce.
Ferrofluids will react in all 3 dimensions and can more accurately reproduce a field, except for gravity creating a weight restriction.
Holding a strong magnet in front of a CRT-type monitor with a white screen can also give a representation of the fields, without any "lines of force" visible.
The issue with using ferro/magnetic materials to view a field is, the materials themselves become magnetized and change the original field to include their own influence.
The thorny devil (Moloch horrid us) is also called the thorny dragon, Moloch, or mountain devil.
It is an Australian lizard, that lives in desert regions of central Australia.
The thorny devil grows up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long and can live for 15 to 20 years.
The females are larger than the males.
Most of these lizards are colored in camouflaging shades of desert browns and tans.
These colors change from pale colors during warm weather and to darker colors during cold weather.
These animals are covered entirely with conical spines that are mostly uncalcified (not bony).
Female thorny devils lay ten eggs during the September-December season (or Spring-Summer).
They put the eggs in a burrow about 30 cm deep.
These eggs hatch after about three or four months, but not all babies will survive, because of predators like wild birds and goannas.
The thorny devil is found in the arid regions of central Australia.
It lives in sand, spinifex grasslands and scrub.
They only eat ants, and may eat thousands of ants in a day.
The thorny devil's mouth is so specialized that it can only use it to eat ants, for example it cannot lick up water, and has developed other ways to drink.
Ideally adapted to its harsh, desert habitat, it uses narrow channels between the scales on its stomach and legs to collect morning dew and water from damp or wet sand.
The water travels up these channels to the lizard’s mouth.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network layer protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address (called a DLC address), such as an Ethernet address.
A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP/IP network.
The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address.
There is also Reverse ARP (RARP) which can be used by a host to discover its IP address.
In this case, the host broadcasts its physical address and a RARP server replies with the host's IP address.
Markus Brüderlin (1958 – 16 March 2014) was a Swiss art historian, curator and writer.
From 2006 to his death, he was the director of the Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg.
Brüderlin died unexpectedly on 16 March 2014 at his home in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.
He was 55 years old.
Markus Brüderlin  at the Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg website
Swiss artists
Swiss historians
People from Basel
Summerhill School is an independent British boarding school which was founded in 1921 by A.S. Neill (Alexander Sutherland Neill).
He believed the school should fit the child, not than the other way around.
Summerhill is run as a democratic community.
Decisions are made in school meetings, which anyone, staff or pupil, may attend, and at which everyone has an equal vote.
These meetings serve as both a legislative and judicial body.
Summerhill is the oldest "children's democracy" in the world.
It is probably the most famous alternative or 'free' school.
Members of the community are free to do as they please, so long as their actions do not cause any harm to others, according to Neill's principle "Freedom, not Licence".
This extends to the freedom for pupils to choose which lessons, if any, they attend.
The school is not large.
It varies 6080 boys and girls with ages ranging from 5 to 17.
The school is now owned by Zoë Readhead, the daughter of A.S. Neill.
The most recent OFSTED inspection of the school reported:
"Evaluation of the school:
Summerhill School provides a good quality of education.
It meets all the regulatory requirements for independent schools, which is an improvement from the last inspection.
All the points for development outlined in the previous report have been addressed.
The school meets its aims very successfully.
Strengths of the school include outstanding pupils’ spiritual, moral, social and cultural development and outstanding promotion of pupils’ welfare health and safety, including effective safeguarding procedures.
Pupils’ behaviour is outstanding and they make good progress.
The curriculum and teaching and assessment are good.
The national minimum standards for boarding schools are met and overall effectiveness for the boarding experience is outstanding".
OFSTED: Summerhill School, 2011.
"In March 2000, after a damning report from an OfSTED (Office for Standards in Education) inspection in March 1999, which demanded changes to the Summerhill philosophy, the school won an historic legal battle against the DfEE (Department for Education and Employment) when it defended the rights and voices of its children at an Independent Schools Tribunal". (
School website)
Day pupils £3,735–£8,931
Boarders £8,568–£14,889
Books about Summerhill
Books by A.S. Neill
A Dominie's Log.
Herbert Jenkins, 1916; Hart, 1975
A Dominie in Doubt.
Herbert Jenkins, 1921; Hart, 1975
A Dominie Abroad.
Herbert Jenkins, 1923
The Problem Child.
Herbert Jenkins, 1926; McBride, 1928
The Problem Parent.
Herbert Jenkins, 1932
That Dreadful School.
Herbert Jenkins, 1937
Hearts not Heads in the School.
Herbert Jenkins, 1945
The Problem Family.
Herbert Jenkins, 1949; Hermitage Press, 1949
The Free Child.
Herbert Jenkins, 1953
Summerhill.
Gollancz, 1962; Penguin, 1968; Hart 1960
Freedon not License!
Hart 1966
Talking of Summerhill.
Gollancz, 1967
Neill!
Orange Peel!
A personal view of ninety years.
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973; Quartet, 1977.
New York: Hart.
ISBN 978-0-671-81300-0
Other authors
Summerhill, a loving World.
Photographs by Herb Snitzer, Macmillan, 1964
Neill & Summerhill, a man and his work.
A pictorial study by John Walmsley, Penguin Education, 1969
Inside Summerhill.
Photographs by Joshua Popenoe, Hart, 1969
Summerhill: For and Against: assessments of A.S. Neill.
Harold Hart (ed).
Hart, 1970; Angus & Robertson, 1973 (includes essays by Bruno Bettleheim, John Holt, Sylvia Ashton- Warner, Paul Goodman, Fred Hechinger, Erich Fromm).
Summerhill Diary.
Bjarne Segefjord, Gollancz, 1971
Fifty Years of Freedom: A.S. Neill and the evolution of the Summerhill idea.
Ray Hemmings, Allen & Unwin 1972
Record of a Friendship: the correspondence of Wilhelm Reich and A.S. Neill.
Beverley R. Placzek (ed) Gollancz, 1981.
All the best, Neill, letters from Summerhill.
Jonathan Croall (ed) Andre Deutsch 1983.
Neill of Summerhill, the permanent rebel.
Jonathan Croall, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983.
The new Summerhill.
Albert Lamb (ed) Penguin Education, 1992.
Real Education, Varieties of Freedom.
David Gribble, Lib Ed, 1998.
Summerhill and A.S.Neill.
Mark Vaughan (ed) Open University Press 2006.
Contributions from Zoë Readhead and Ian Stronach.
Introduction by Tim Brighouse.
After Summerhill: what happened to the pupils of Britain's most radical school?
Hussein Lucas 2011  Herbert Adler
is a computer communication technology that proposes to substitute specialized network hardware with software running on regular computers or cloud.
Frightwig are an American punk rock band that was founded in 1982.
All of the members are women.
Deanna Ashley and Mia Levin started the band in San Francisco.
In 1984 they released their first album Cat Farm Faboo.
In 1986 their second album was released.
In 1993 they released an extended play called Phone Sexy.
In 1994 the band broke up.
The band got back together in 2012.
Carrickfergus Castle is a Norman castle in Carrickfergus, County Antrim in Northern Ireland.
It was built in 1177 by John de Courcy.
1177 establishments
Dunluce Castle is a medieval castle on the north coast of County Antrim in Northern Ireland.
It is east of Portrush.
Rachel Donelson Jackson (June 15, 1767 – December 22, 1828) was the wife of Andrew Jackson, the seventh president.
She died before her husband's inauguration.
She was never First Lady.
Young Rachel was very pretty, with dark brown hair and beautiful eyes.
Her family moved from Virginia to Nashville, Tennessee.
The Robards family was quite wealthy and important in Nashville.
Rachel was married to Captain Lewis Robards in Kentucky.
She met Andrew Jackson while living with her mother.
Andrew was staying at her mother's house.
One time, she sent a letter home asking one of her brothers to come to Kentucky.
She wanted to go home again.
Jackson went to Kentucky instead of her brother.
Remarriage
Rachel Donelson Robards and Andrew Jackson wanted to get married.
They could not because Rachel was already married to Lewis Robards.
She tried to get a divorce in 1790.
She and Andrew thought that her husband would get a divorce.
They got married in 1791 in the town of Natchez, Mississippi.
Their marriage was unlawful (against the law).
She and Andrew tried to get a real divorce until 1794.
They married again in 1794 when her marriage with Lewis Robards ended.
No one knows if she knew that she broke the law.
Rachel moved to the Hermitage outside Nashville with Andrew.
They were quite wealthy.
They owned many slaves on their plantation.
Rachel managed the household.
She ran the plantation while Andrew was away.
Rachel died in 1828.
This was the year her husband Andrew became president.
He thought she died because other people said mean things about her.
They talked about her marriage.
Many people said she broke the law to marry Andrew on purpose.
This made her very sad.
She was buried in a corner of the Hermitage garden.
What people remember
People thought Rachel and Andrew were very different.
Andrew was tall, important, and neat.
Rachel was short, quiet, and common.
One girl who visited their house would not have guessed that they were married.
She thought they were too different.
The visitor said that Rachel was kind and motherly, not elegant or graceful.
Rachel had lived in the frontier (newly-lived in areas) her whole life.
She had no reason to become elegant.
Rachel loved Andrew very much.
She was sad every time he went away.
Once, she travelled to meet him, which was not common for women to do.
She was very worried when he was in danger.
She became quite sick from stress.
Her marriage was very important to her.
A visitor once said that their love was very great.
Andrew Jackson always treated Rachel like she was the best thing in his life.
Rachel was always devoted to Andrew.
Mareike Carrière (26 July 1954 – 17 March 2014) was a German actress, spokesperson and translator.
She was best known for having television show appearances.
She was born in Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany.
Carrière died from cancer on 17 March 2014 in Hamburg, Germany.
She was 59 years old.
She was outlived by her husband and by her brother, Mathieu.
German translators
Cocteau Twins were a Scottish rock band.
Robin Guthrie and Will Heggie started the band in 1979 in Grangemouth.
The band was named after the song "The Cocteau Twins" by Johnny and the Self-Abusers.
The band's first album Garlands was released by 4AD records in 1982.
In 1996 the band released their last album Milk and Kisses.
Doku (Dokka) Khamatovich Umarov (; ; also called by the Arabized name of "Dokka Abu Usman") (13 April 1964 – reported March 18, 2014) was a Chechen Islamist militant in Russia.
Umarov claimed responsibly for some attacks on Russian civilians.
This earned himself a media nickname of "Russia's Bin Laden".
Profile: Doku Umarov, BBC News
Franco Zeffirelli, KBE (12 February 1923 – 15 June 2019) was an Italian director and producer of movies and television.
He was also an opera director and a designer of Italian operas.
He was a former senator of Catania (1994–2001).
His political party was the Forza Italia party.
Zeffirelli was born Gianfranco Zeffirelli on 12 February 1923 in Florence, Italy.
In 2007 and 2018, he was accused of sexually harassing an actor and a movie director.
Zeffirelli died after a long illness on 15 June 2019 in Rome at the age of 96.
Italian theatre directors
Fouad Mebazaa ( ; born 15 June 1933) is a Tunisian politician.
He was the President of Tunisia from 15 January 2011 to 13 December 2011.
Speakers of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People
Moncef Marzouki (, al-Munṣif al-Marzūqī, born 7 July 1945) is a Tunisian politician.
On 12 December 2011, he was elected President of Tunisia.
He served as Interim President of Tunisia from 2011 to 2014.
In November 2021, Moncef Marzouki was the subject of an international arrest warrant for endangering state security.
Alexander Petrovich Pochinok (12 January 1958 – 16 March 2014 ) was a Russian economist and politician.
He was the Minister of Taxes and Levies from 1999 to 2000 and Minister of Labor and Social Development from 2000 to 2004.
Oswald Norman Morris OBE, DFC, AFC, BSC (22 November 191517 March 2014) was a British Academy Award-winning cinematographer.
He was known for his works in Fiddler on the Roof and in Goodbye, Mr. Chips.
Oswald Morris at the Internet Movie Database
Stephen K. Weeks (born June 30, 1958) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and current goaltending coach of the Chicago Blackhawks.
Weeks played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played with the New York Rangers, Hartford Whalers, Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, and Ottawa Senators.
He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1993.
After he retired, he became the goaltending consultant and also an assistant coach for the Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes organization.
After his time there was done, he became the goaltending coach for the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2008.
On August 12, 2013, he was hired by the Chicago Blackhawks as their Goaltending Coach.
(April 1, 1907 – July 27, 2014) was a Japanese and American Rōshi Rinzai Zen teacher.
He lived in the United States since 1962.
He started the Mount Baldy Zen Center, near Mount Baldy in California.
He was also its head abbot.
Kyozan Joshu Sasaki at the Mount Baldy Zen Center website
Angry Birds Epic is a role-playing video game developed by Chimera Entertainment and published by Rovio Entertainment.
The game was available on iOS in Australia, Canada and New Zealand on March 12, 2014 and was released worldwide on June 12, 2014.
Scott Niedermayer (born August 31, 1973) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman and current assistant coach of the Anaheim Ducks.
He played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played with the New Jersey Devils and Anaheim Ducks.
Before playing in the NHL, Niedermayer played 2 seasons with the Kamloops Blazers of the WHL.
He was drafted with the 3rd overall pick by the New Jersey Devils in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft.
He played 12 seasons with the New Jersey Devils and 5 seasons with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim/Anaheim Ducks.
During his time in New Jersey, he reached the Stanley Cup Finals four times and won three Stanley Cups with the team.
He was also able to win the James Norris Memorial Trophy in the 2003–04 NHL season after he finished second in league scoring among defencemen, recorded a plus-minus rating of +20 and lead the Devils to a modern NHL record low 164 goals against.
Niedermayer was an unrestricted free agent after the 2004–05 NHL lockout.
The Devils offered him a five-year contract worth $7.8 million per season (the maximum allowed under the new salary cap), but he decided to sign a four-year contract worth $6.75 million per season with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
He signed with the Mighty Ducks because he wanted to try to win a Stanley cup with his brother Rob.
Scott was named captain of the Ducks when he arrived in Anaheim.
When the Ducks won the Stanley Cup in 2007, Scott, as team captain, had the choice of who to hand the Stanley Cup to first.
He chose to hand the Cup off to his brother Rob first.
He later stated: "You don't really dream of passing it to your brother.
I never have.
To be able to do that is definitely a highlight of my career."
He was also able to win the Conn Smythe Trophy.
He retired from playing professional ice hockey on June 22, 2010.
After he retired he stayed with the Ducks as a consultant to general manager Bob Murray.
He took the role of assistant coach with the Ducks in the 2012–13 NHL season.
Niedermayer is the only player in hockey history to win every major North American and world title a Canadian can win: the Memorial Cup, World Junior championship, Stanley Cup, World Championship, World Cup and Olympic gold medal.
His jersey number #27 was retired by the New Jersey Devils in 2011 and the Kamloops Blazers of the WHL retired his jersey number #28 which he wore while playing with them.
He was inducted into both the BC Hockey Hall of Fame and Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.
He was also inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 11, 2013.
He has also competed in the Olympics with Canada.
His first Olympics were in 2002 where he helped Canada defeat the United States, 5–2 in the final as the country won its first Olympic gold medal in hockey in 50 years.
His last Olympics were in 2010.
He was named captain of Team Canada for the tournament that was held in his home province, in Vancouver.
He was able to lead Canada to the gold medal, after they defeated the United States 3–2 in overtime.
He was born in Edmonton, Alberta but lived in Cassiar, British Columbia for three years before settling in Cranbrook, British Columbia.
He has a father named Bob, who worked as a doctor in Cassiar as well as Cranbrook, and has a mother named Carol who worked as a teacher.
His younger brother Rob was also an NHL player.
He is married to his wife Lisa and they have four sons: Logan, Jackson, Joshua and Luke.
The family live in Newport Beach, California and often return to Cranbrook, where they spent the off-seasons when he was playing.
Niedermayer is an environmentalist and joined WWF-Canada to speak out in favour of efforts to maintain British Columbia's natural wilderness.
Kaiser Kalambo (6 July 1953 – 18 March 2014) was a Zambian association football player and coach.
He represented Zambia in three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.
He was named Zambian captain in 1980.
The same year in which he was voted Zambian footballer of the year.
Later, he coached several club sides in Zambia and Botswana.
He was born in Luanshya, Copperbelt.
Kalambo died from prostate cancer on the morning of 18 March 2014 at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka.
Kaiser Kalambo  at Sports Reference
Escolania de Montserrat is a boys' choir in the Benedictine abbey of Santa Maria de Montserrat.
The abbey is near Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain).
The boys are sopranos and altos.
Sometimes the Montserrat Chapel Choir sings with them, when needed for the music they are performing.
The Escolania of Montserrat belongs to the Monastery of Monserrat.
It is one of the oldest boys choirs in Europe.
Records show that the Escolania has been a religious and musical institution since the 14th century.
There are more than fifty boys in the choir, from ages nine to fourteen.
The boys are from various towns in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian community.
At the Escolania, they complete courses at the primary, and beginning of secondary levels.
They also study music.
The Escolania takes pride in providing high-level musical education.
Each student must study two instruments: the piano, and a second orchestral instrument of their choice.
They also study Musical Language, Orchestra, and participate in the choir (the distinguished focus of the school).
Musical activities of the choir
The school choir sings every day in the Basilica.
They often sing in front of large groups of pilgrims and visitors from around the world.
More people attend the midday singing of Salve Regina than any other performance.
They choir have released many albums.
They have toured in several countries, including Hungary, Switzerland, France, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Poland, and Russia.
They have performed in Russia three times (Moscow 2011 & 2013, and St. Petersburg 2011).
1025: The Benedictine Community of Montserrat was founded.
12th Century: Period of the Virgin of Montserrat.
Pilgrims started to climb the mountain to worship the Virgin.
1307: First documentation showing the existence of the Escolania, which is also the first reference to the choir robes worn today.
1479: The choir sang for the Catholic King Fernando during his visit to Barcelona.
1494: Abbot Garcia de Cisneros spoke of the importance of religious music in relation to the choristers of the Escolania, which was made up of about 20 boys at the time.
16th Century: Bartomeu Garriga, a chorister at the time, promised that when he was older, he would make a great temple for the Virgin.
In 1560, as Abbot of the Monastery, he started to construct the current Basilica.
17th-18th Century: Period of growth, with the first appearance of Masters of the Escolania.
This title was given to monks that directed the choir and cultivated a new repertoire of compositions.
1889-1909: Fr.
Manuel Guzman introduced a new style to the sound of the choir, and continued on to teach future directors of the Escolania.
1909-1911: Fr.
Ramir Escofet became director.
1911-1933: Fr.
Anselm Ferrer, of Italy, became the director and composer.
He created the first recordings of the Escolania and evolved the tone of the choir.
1933-1936: Blessed Fr.
Angel Rodamilan was director as well as a martyr during the Civil War.
1936-1939: The monks and students needed to abandon Montserrat during the Spanish Civil War.
1939-1953: Fr.
David Pujol was director.
1953-1997: Fr.
Ireneu Segarra, director and composer.
Under his leadership, the choir grew to fifty students, and released numerous records.
They also began to perform concerts outside of Montserrat for the first time in the 1960s, including international tours.
1997-2000: Fr.
Jordi-Agustí Piqué was the director.
2000-2007: Joaquim Piqué was the first lay director.
2007–Present: Bernat Vivancos is the current director.
Official website of the choir
The Escolania's official youtube channel
Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2014
choirs
Oliba (c. 971–1046) was the Count of Berga (998–1003) and Ripoll and later became Bishop of Vic (1018–1046) and Abbot of Sant Miquel de Cuixà.
Hewas one of the spiritual founders of Catalonia.
At that time, he may have been the most important churchman of his age in the Iberian Peninsula.
Oliba was also a writer.
He and his monks in the scriptorium at Ripoll wrote a lot of works about his world.
His most important writing may have been his translations of Arabic manuscripts into Latin.
We don't know exactly when Oliba was born but it was near 971.
He was born to a rich family.
He was the third son of a Catalan count, which is a type of nobleman.
He gave up his possessions to take up the Benedictine habit in the Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll.
As count
Oliba begin to perform his duties as a count, a type of medieval nobleman.
His brother Bernard inherited Besalú and Guifré Cerdanya, Oliva received Berga and Ripoll.
Between 988 and 1002, Oliva was Count of Berga and Ripoll.
He was associated with his brother Guifré.
Church life
Oliba promoted the idea of Peace and Truce of God (Catalan: Pau i Treva de Déu), until 1022.
In 1027, he signed an agreement with other bishops and noblemen in Toulouges (Roussillon).
In this treaty, they all agreed to decide on days when no one would fight battles with anyone else and fugitives could run to churches.
Oliba was very influential.
In 1023, King Sancho III of Navarre asked him for advice because he wanted his sister Urraca to her second cousin Alfonso V of León.
Obliba said not to do it, but Sancho ignored him.
His letters to the various contemporaneous kings of Spain indicate to us that Alfonso and his successor, Vermudo III, were regarded as imperatore.
And the king of Navarre was a mere rex.
Oliba started or reformed the monasteries of Montserrat (1025), Fluvià, and Canigó.
He consecrated or patronized many other churches, such as the Collegiate Basilica of Manresa.
He started the Assemblies of Peace and Truce, which later became Catalonia's corts, or parliament.
He improved the decoration of his own church at Ripoll and rededicated it on January 15, 1032.
He was a close advisor to Count Berengar Raymond I of Barcelona and he rebuilt the cathedral of Vic with help from Countess Ermesinda.
The new cathedral was rededicated to Peter and Paul on August 31, 1038.
He died at his monastery at Cuixà in 1046.
Monk and abbot
In 1008, after the death of Abbot Seniofré, Olive was elected abbot, or leader, of the monastery.
Months later he was also elected abbot of the Monastery of St. Miquel de Cuixà.
Oliba decided the monastaries should be more austere and disciplined.
By the next year, Oliba had become a little famous.
In 1009, he was also elected abbot of Sant Martí del Canigó.
Other monasteries liked his way of running things, such as the monasteries of Sant Feliu and Sant Sadurní Tavèrnoles.
Oliba spent his time and energy defend the property and rights of churches against attacks by his manor.
In 1011, he went to the Vatican to meet the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Sergius IV, and he won a number of bulls, which are papal rulings, for his monasteries.
These papal bulls had significant power: the Pope, whom medieval Catholics considered God's representative on earth, said that the monasteries and lands owned were under the protection of St. Peter and the attack on the monastery was an aggression against the authority of the Pope.
Santa Maria de Ripoll
In the late tenth century, Catalonia became an important place for culture and art.
The people there had access to Arabic science and the places where monks wrote and made copies of other pieces of writing, called scriptoria, became some of the best in Europe.
Ripoll was the most important scriptorum in Catalonia.
With help from things he learned at Ripoll, Pope Sylvester II introduced the Arabic numbers, the concept of zero, and the astrolabe to Europe.
During Oliba's time, the library at Ripoll gained three the number of pieces of writing, together with the Bobbio, it became one of the most important libraries in the Christian world during the middle ages.
Sant Miquel de Cuixà
Oliba made architectural modifications to this monastery.
Oliba had a walkway built around the sanctuary with three apses.
Then, he built a dome over the altar and the crypt.
He also erected Nativity, Chapel of the Trinity and the two towers Lombard, of which only one is still standing today.
Sant Martí del Canigó
The monastery of St. Martí del Canigó was founded by Oliba's brother, Count Gifré II of Cerdanya-Conflent.
Gifré took an old church at the foot of Canigó and became an important monastery.
In 1009, this church and its community was made up of monks from Cuixà.
It was ruled by Abbot Oliba through his community until 1014, when it had enough monks appoint an abbot of its own.
Fundació Abat Oliba
Abat Oliba CEU University
Oliba at Wikisource
1046 deaths
Yun Hyok-seok (, October 7, 1984 – April 26, 2003) was a South Korean activist, poet and writer.
He fought for human rights, civil rights, LGBT rights and peace.
His nickname was Yook Woo Dang (), which means "six friends".
He wrote using the names Sulheon (, ) and Midong (, , "Beauty Boy"), Donghwa (동화, 童花, Boy's flower), Roman Catholic baptismal name is Antonio.
Yun was born in Incheon.
His family is Catholic.
He later moved to Seoul.
While he was a student, he began writing and poetry.
In March 2000, he started going to Incheon Seil high school.
At high school, he came out as gay.
This made him isolated from his classmates.
By November 2002, he left high school.
He began living in a neighbourhood of Dongdaemun District of Seoul.
Yun's nickname, Yook Woo Dang, means "six friends".
It refers to alcohol, tobacco, sleeping pills, foundation make-up, green tea and rosary beads.
His penname Sulheon came from Heo Chohui's nickname Nanseolheon.
Heo Chohui was a female poet and painter during the Joseon dynasty in Korea.
In 2002 and 2003, Yun became an activist for human rights and peace.
In March 2003, he was a conscientious objector to South Korea's conscription military service.
But his opinions did not matter to some Koreans, because of his sexuality.
In early April 2003, some South Korean Christian organisations gave a statement against homosexuality.
Yun spoke out against this and wrote an article to some South Korean newspapers and the foreign press.
In April 26, 2003, Yun committed suicide, in Dongdaemun in Seoul.
He did it to protest discrimination against gay people in South Korea.
Let My Spirit Rain Down as Flower Petals (내 혼은 꽃비 되어)
Diary of Yook Woo Dang (육우당일기) (not published)
Memorial museum von Yukwudang
Protecting sexual minorities Koreatimes 2013-08-23
Queer Rights Activists in South Korea Step Up Efforts to Support LGBTQ Youth
윤씨의 죽음을 애도한다 오마이뉴스 2003.05.06
청소년유해매체물에 '동성애' 삭제키로 오마이뉴스 2003.04.29
육우당(六友堂), ‘성소수자 해방’을 위해 지다 참세상 2008.05.01
육우당은 여전히 희망이 존재한다고 말하고... 참세상 2006.04.18
"가식적인 기독교에 깨달음을"…어느 10대의 죽음 프레시안 2013.04.21
동성애자가 사탄?
너희는 파시스트 기독교인 경향신문 2012.01.25
“내 혼은 꽃비 되어” 참세상 2006.04.26
layoung shin
Kresten Bjerre (22 February 1946 – 19 February 2014), nicknamed Generalen ("The General"), was a Danish association footballer.
He played for Houston Stars in the United States and for the European clubs PSV Eindhoven and R.W.D. Molenbeek.
Bjerre died from cancer on 19 February 2014 in Odense.
Kresten Bjerre at the Danish Football Association website
Antti Raanta (born May 12, 1989) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender.
He currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the New York Rangers.
During his time with Ässät, he won the Lasse Oksanen trophy for the SM-liiga best player of regular season and the Jari Kurri trophy for the best player of the playoffs with .955 SV%.
He went 21-10-11 and recorded five shutouts in 45 games.
He finished with a 1.85 goals-against average and .943 save percentage.
On June 3, 2013, he signed a one-year entry-level contract with the Chicago Blackhawks.
He was assigned to their AHL-affiliate, the Rockford IceHogs.
On November 17, 2013, he was recalled by the Blackhawks from the Rockford IceHogs because backup goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin was injured in a loss versus the Nashville Predators the previous night.
On December 30, 2013, he was able to earn his first career shutout when the Blackhawks beat the Los Angeles Kings at home.
He was able to stop all 26 shots that he had faced, and improved to 10-1-3 on the season.
He was named the Rookie of the Month, along with Martin Jones, for December 2013, going 8-1-3 with one shutout.
Miquel Crusafont i Pairó (1910, Sabadell, Spain—1983) was a Catalan palaeontologist.
He specialised in mammal bones.
Crusafont obtained a Degree in Pharmacy from the University of Barcelona in 1933.
He got a degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Madrid in 1950.
In 1961, he was appointed Professor of Palaeontology at the University of Oviedo.
He later became Professor of Anthropology at the Societatis Iesu (Barcelona).
In 1969, Crusafont founded the Provincial Palaeontology Institute.
It has been known as the Miquel Crusafont Palaeontology Institute since 1983.
The prehistoric mammal Crusafontia was named for Crusafont.
(1943, with Josep Fernández de Villalta)
(1948, with Josep Fernández de Villalta)
(1955, with Josep Fernández de Villalta and Jaume Truyols)
(1957, with Jaume Truyols)
(1966, with Bermudo Meléndez and Emiliano Aguirre)
Information about the Miquel Crusafont Palaeontology Institute
A non-commissioned officer (sometimes spelled noncommissioned officer and shortened to NCO or non-com (US)), called a sub-officer in some countries, is a military officer who has not been given a commission.
Non-commissioned officers, in the English-speaking world, usually obtain their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks.
NCO's usually include all grades of corporal and sergeant; in some countries, warrant officers also do the same things as NCOs.
In the navy and depending on the country, some or all grades of petty officer may be counted as NCO's.
There are different classes of non-commissioned officer, including junior non-commissioned officers (JNCO) and senior (or staff) non-commissioned officers (SNCO).
A Short History of the NCO (United States)
Durrington Walls is the site of a large Neolithic settlement and later henge enclosure in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site.
It is 2 miles north-east of Stonehenge in the parish of Durrington, just north of Amesbury.
Excavations in 2013 by a team has revealed a huge settlement; 1,000 homes have been found, supporting a population of 4,000 people at one time.
The village was carbon dated to about 2600 B.C.
It is the "largest Neolithic settlement in the whole of northern Europe".
At 500m in diameter, the henge is the largest in Britain and recent evidence suggests that it was a complementary monument to Stonehenge.
What visibly remains of Durrington Walls today is the 'walls' of the henge monument.
This is now a ridge surrounding a central basin.
Originally the ditch was some 5.5m deep, 7m wide at its bottom and 18m wide at the top.
The bank was in some areas 30m wide.
There were two entrances through the bank and ditch – at the north western and south eastern ends.
The henge enclosed several timber circles and smaller enclosures – not all of which have been excavated.
Several Neolithic house floors have been found next to and under the eastern bank of the henge.
Their density suggests that there was a very large village on the sloping river bank on this side.
About three feet underneath  Durrington Walls, there are remains of about 90 standing stones, maybe from an earlier time.
The stones are in a "slightly curved row."
They were found in 2015, using special archaeological research tools and methods including  ground-penetrating radar.
Scientists do not know if this feature is the same age as  early Stonehenge or not.
Guillermo C. "Bill" Gramática (born July 10, 1978) is a retired American Football placekicker.
He played college football for the University of South Florida.
He played 34 games in the National Football League (NFL).
He played with the Arizona Cardinals and 1 game with the Miami Dolphins.
Gramática is probably best known for tearing the ACL in his right knee after jumping up to celebrate and tearing it on landing.
After he retired, Bill and his brother Martín run a company called Gramatica Group LLC which specializes in energy-efficient construction.
Sergey Valeryevich Aksyonov (, ; born 26 November 1972) is a Russian politician.
Aksyonov is the Prime Minister of Crimea.
He is the first Prime Minister of Crimea since it gained independence in March 2014.
Prime Ministers of Crimea
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990 for "discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease".
He shared the prize with E. Donnall Thomas.
He attended Harvard Medical School in 1974.
Brendan Thomas Byrne (April 1, 1924 – January 4, 2018) was an American politician.
Byrne served as the 47th Governor of New Jersey from January 15, 1974 to January 19, 1982.
New Jersey Governor Brendan Thomas Byrne , National Governors Association
Rutgers Program on the Governor, the Brendan Byrne Archive
George Emil Palade (November 19, 1912 – October 8, 2008) was a Romanian cell biologist.
He is best known for the innovations in electron microscopy and cell fractionation which helped lay the foundations of modern molecular cell biology.
Palade was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974.
He won the award "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell".
He shared it with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve.
Palade was described as "the most influential cell biologist ever"
Donald Thomas "Don" Regan (December 21, 1918 – June 10, 2003) was an American politician.
Regan was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Regan married Ann Buchanan in 1942.
Reagan administration
He was the 66th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1981 to 1985 under the Ronald Reagan administration.
He then served as Chief of Staff from 1985 to 1987 under Reagan as well.
Regan then quickly retired in his Virginia home.
He painted many paintings and was paid to have some of them displayed at museums.
Regan had four children with his wife Ann.
Regan died of cancer in a hospital near his home in Williamsburg, Virginia, aged 84.
He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
Biography as Secretary of the Treasury
| name               = Dilip Kumar
| honorific_suffix   =
| image              = DilipKumar2.jpg
| image_size         =
| caption            = Dilip Kumar at the Foundation Stone Laying Ceremony of CINTAA Tower in 2011.
| native_name        =
| birth_name         = Muhammad Yusuf Khan
| birth_place        = Peshawar, NWFP, British India
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| death_cause = Prostate cancer
| nationality        = Indian
| other_names        = Dilip Kumar, First Khan, Tragedy King
| citizenship        = Indian
| occupation         = Actor, producer, writer
| notable_works      = {{plainlist|
Jugnu (1947)
Andaz (1949)
Deedar (1951)
Aan (1952)
Devdas (1955)
Naya Daur (1957)
Madhumati (1958)
Paigham (1959)
Mughal-e-Azam (1960)
Gunga Jumna (1961)
Ram Aur Shyam (1967)
Kranti (1981)
Shakti (1982)
Vidhaata (1982)
Mashaal (1984)
Karma (1986)
Kanoon Apna Apna (1989)
Saudagar (1991)
| spouse             = Saira Banu (m. 1966)Asma Sahiba (1979–1982)
| relatives          = Nasir Khan (brother)Ayub Khan (nephew)
| awards             = 8 Filmfare Award for Best Actor
1 BFJA Award for Best Actor
| honours            =
| signature          = Dilip Kumar signature.svg
| signature_alt      = Dilip Kumar's signature
Dilip Kumar (born Muhammad Yusuf Khan; 11 December 1922 – 7 July 2021) was an Indian movie actor.
He was well known in the Indian cinema industry.
He worked in many movies along with fellow Indian actor Pran.
His career has lasted for almost 60 years.
He was known for his role as King Dilip Dilip in the Indian classic Tragedy King.
He held the Guinness World Record'' for winning the maximum number of awards by an Indian actor.
Kumar died on 7 July 2021 in Mumbai from prostate cancer at the age of 98.
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (30 April 1870 – 16 February 1944) was an Indian producer-director-screenwriter.
He is known as the father of Indian cinema.
The Dadasaheb Phalke Award, awarded to people who worked for a long time to the Indian cinema, was created in his honor by the Government of India in 1969.
Ashok Kumar () (13 October 1911–10 December 2001) or Dadamoni was an Indian movie actor.
The Government of India honored him with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1988 and the Padma Bhushan in 1998 for his work to the Indian cinema.
Kumar was born Kumudlal Ganguly in Bhagalpur, Bengal Presidency.
Kumar died at the age of 90 in Mumbai from heart failure at his home in Chembur.
He discovered a substance in endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels.
He called it endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).
He later worked out EDRF's nature and mechanism of action, and determined that EDRF was nitric oxide (NO), which is an important compound in many aspects of cardiovascular physiology.
The research that was done was important in explaining the action of Viagra, treatment of blue babies, and other medical as well as health-related issues.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system".
He shared the prize with Louis Ignarro and Ferid Murad.
He also won a Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1991 and a Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1996.
The movie Trouble with the Curve is a sports drama movie.
It is about sports related issues around Atlanta.
Clint Eastwood plays Gus, and Amy Adams plays his daughter Mickey.
The movie was released in September of 2012.
It underwent some controversy for troubles related to plagiarism.
The Acadie–Bathurst Titan are a Canadian ice hockey team.
The team began playing in 1969.
They play their home games in Bathurst, New Brunswick at the K. C. Irving Regional Centre.
The team was first created in 1969 and played in Rosemont National as the Rosemont, Quebec.
They moved to Laval to become the Laval National, and later the Laval Voisins.
In 1985, they were known as the Laval Titan, and in 1994, they became the Laval Titan Collège Français from a merger with the Verdun Collège Français.
In 1998, the moved to Bathurst and became the Acadie–Bathurst Titan
The Titan organization have won President's Cup five times.
In the 1999–2000 season, they had the first female to be drafted by a QMJHL team when they drafted Charline Labonté, a 17-year-old Quebec goaltender who spent parts of two seasons with the team.
Ben Scrivens (born September 11, 1986 in Spruce Grove, Alberta) is a Canadian professional goaltender for the Edmonton Oilers.
Scrivens was undrafted but signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 2010.
On January 29, 2014, Scrivens stopped all 59 shots that the Oilers defence allowed and set a new NHL record for most saves in a shutout.
He is also referred to as ScrVezina.
Uwe Timm (5 February 1932 – 7 March 2014) was a German writer, anarchist, and anti-militarist.
He was the co-editor of espero.
He was born in Hamburg, Nazi Germany.
Timm died on 7 March 2014 in Barcelona, Spain.
Uwe Timm at the German National Library
Writers from Hamburg
Andy Z. Lehrer (16 May 1930 – January or February 2014) was a Romanian entomologist.
From 1996 until his death, he worked as a research associate in the laboratory of Zoology at the University of Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel.
For several years, he studied flesh flies and blow flies all over the world.
Lehrer was born born in Iaşi, Iaşi County.
He died in early 2014, aged 83.
The Vancouver International Film Festival (VIFF) is an annual movie festival in Vancouver, British Columbia.
It is held for two weeks in late September and early October.