the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In the four schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and the two schools of Shi'a fiqh, the term zināʾ is a sin of sexual intercourse that is not allowed by Sharia (Islamic law) and classed as a hudud crime (class of Islamic punishments that are fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be "claims of God").
To prove an act of zina, a qadi (religious judge) in a sharia court relies on an unmarried woman's pregnancy, the confession in the name of Allah, or four witnesses to the actual act of penetration.
The last two types of prosecutions are uncommon.
Most cases of zina in the history of Islam have been pregnant unmarried women.
In some schools of Islamic law, a pregnant woman accused of zina who denies sex was consensual must prove she was raped with four eyewitnesses testifying before the court.
This has led to many cases where rape victims have been punished for zina.
Pressing charges of zina without required eyewitnesses is considered slander (Qadhf, القذف) in Islam, itself a hudud crime.
The above sense of zina is not to be confused with the woman's name Zina or Zeina (زينة).
The name has a different linguistic root (Greek xen-).
It also has a different meaning ("guest, stranger"), is pronounced differently (either Zīnah or Zaynah), and is usually spelled differently.
École Polytechnique (EP or "l'X") is the best-kown engineering school in France.
It is in a campus of Palaiseau (Northern France).
Ingénieur Polytechnicien (Polytechnique Graduate engineer Masters level program)
Massive Online Open Courses.
Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed  in French and English languages.
Students from a lot of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Polytechnique.
Notable Graduates
Caroline Aigle, French fighter jet pilot
Paul-Louis Arslanian, Former head of Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile
Michel Bernard, French public servant
Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematiker
Yves Carcelle, French businessman
Auguste Comte, French thinker
Philippe Crébassa, French public servant
Jacques Friedel, French physicist, educator and material scientist
Carlos Ghosn, French-Lebanese businessman
Patrick Ky, French Manager
Joseph-Louis Lagrange, mathematician and astronomer
Yves Lambert, French aerospace engineer
Edmond Malinvaud, French economist
Gérard Mestrallet, CEO of GDF Suez
Guy du Merle, French aerospace engineer, pilot and writer
Louis Pailhas, French politician and aerospace engineer
Yves Poilane, French manager
Siméon Denis Poisson,  French mathematician and physicist
Jean Robieux, French Physicist
Gérard Rozenknop, French aerospace engineer
Jean-Paul Troadec, French aerospace engineer
Jacques Villiers, French aerospace engineer and public servant
Michel Wachenheim, French ambassador
Farid Zizi, French aerospace engineer
Farmington, British Columbia
Farmington, Nova Scotia
Farmington, Gloucestershire
Farmington Institute for Christian Studies at Oxford
Farmington, California
Farmington, Delaware
Farmington, Kentucky
Hustonville, Kentucky, formerly known as Farmington
Kingsley, Kentucky, formerly known as Farmington
Farmington, Indiana
Farmington, Michigan
Farmington, Minnesota
Farmington, Missouri
Farmington, New Hampshire
Farmington, New York
Farmington, North Carolina, a township and unincorporated community in Davie County, North Carolina
Farmington, Oregon
Farmington, Pennsylvania (Fayette County)
Farmington Township, Pennsylvania
Farmington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
Farmington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania
Farmington (UTA station), Utah Transit Authority commuter rail station
Farmington, Virginia
Farmington (Albemarle County, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Albemarle County, Virginia
Farmington (St. Stephens Church, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in King and Queen County, Virginia
Farmington, Washington
Farmington, West Virginia
Farmington, Wisconsin
Farmington, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, La Crosse County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, Polk County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Ada County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho.
As of the 2010 Census, 392,365 people lived in the county.
That was more than any other county in Idaho.
The county seat and largest city is Boise.
Boise is also the state capital.
Hidden Spring is a census-designated place in Ada County, Idaho, United States.
Its population was 2,280 in the 2010 census.
He served as the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island from 1975 to 1984 and again from 1991 to 2002.
Cianci was the longest-serving mayor of Providence, and one of the longest-serving "big city" mayors in United States history, having held office for over 21 years.
WJAR's index of Plunder Dome–related articles
"Charges in 30-Count Indictment against Cianci and other Defendants"
Vice and Virtue—2002 special by Rhode Island's The Providence Journal.
"ABC6 News names Buddy chief political analyst"
The Buddy Cianci Show on 630 WPRO
Carlos Matute Loyzaga (August 29, 1930 – January 27, 2016) was a Filipino basketball player and coach.
He was born in Manila, Philippine Islands.
He was the most dominant basketball player of his era in the Philippines.
He was called the greatest Filipino basketball player of all time.
Loyzaga was a two-time Olympian (1952, 1956), as a member of the Philippines men's national basketball team.
Basketball-reference.com
Blogs.inquirer.net
Interaksyon.com
Sports.enquirer.com
Philstar.com
Journal.com.ph
Gameface.ph
PhinDeli Town Buford, originally known as Buford, is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.
In 2013, it had only 1 resident.
Community of Buford
2010 video interview from CNN
Harmony is an unincorporated community  in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.
It is located about  southwest of Laramie.
Harmony Elementary School is a part of Albany County School District #1.
Older students attend school in Laramie.
Paul Lorin Kantner (March 17, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American guitarist, vocalist, and political activist.
He was known for co-founding Jefferson Airplane, a psychedelic rock band of the 1960s and its more commercial spin-off band Jefferson Starship.
Kantner died from multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by a heart attack in San Francisco, California on January 28, 2016.
Official website for Jefferson Starship
Jefferson Airplane profile, NNDB.
Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov (; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist.
He was known for his works to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method.
He used to work at Lund University in Sweden.
Biography at the department of Quantum Theory and High Energy Physics at MSU
The Middle Passage was the part of the Atlantic slave trade where African slaves were brought to the Americas on slave ships.
Millions of African people were shipped to the Americas over the Middle Passage.
Enslaved people were treated so badly on the slave ships that about 15% of them died during the Middle Passage.
Even more were killed before they left Africa, when slave traders were trying to kidnap them and force them onto the slave ships.
Historians think that up to two million African people died during the Middle Passage.
However, somewhere between 9.4 million and 12 million African people survived the Middle Passage, and arrived in the Americas as slaves.
The triangular trade
The Transatlantic Trading of Enslaved Human Beings from African Heritage had three different parts.
Because of this, it was called "the triangular trade."
The Middle Passage got its name because it was the middle part of the triangular trade.
The three parts of the Atlantic slave trade were:
Ships brought weapons, gunpowder, cloth, rum, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa.
In Africa, these things were traded for African people who had been bought as slaves or kidnapped.
(2) Africa to the Americas (the Middle Passage)
Enslaved African people were brought to the Americas on slave ships.
There they were sold as slaves, or traded for raw materials like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which other enslaved people had made.
These raw materials would be sent to Europe, where they were used to make things.
Then the triangular trade would start all over again.
For example, cotton would be used to make cloth.
That cloth could then be sent to Africa to trade for more enslaved people.
The enslaved peoples' journey
After being kidnapped, enslaved African people were usually forcibly marched to forts along the coast of western Africa.
There they were sold to European and American human traffickers.
They might have to wait in these forts, which were like prisons, for months before slave ships arrived.
Enslaved people were then packed onto the slave ships.
Often, they were packed together as closely as possible.
(The famous drawing on the right shows how closely enslaved people were packed together on some slave ships.)
Enslaved men were often chained together at the ankles.
Sometimes, slaves were allowed to move around during the day, but many ships kept enslaved people chained up for the entire trip.
Sailing through the Middle Passage could take anywhere from one to six months, depending on the weather.
Over time, human trafficking ships got better at making the trip more quickly.
In the early 16th century, the average trip took a few months.
However, by the 19th century, many slave ships crossed the Middle Passage in fewer than six weeks.
Enslaved people were treated barbarically and wickedly during the Middle Passage.
Slaves were not seen as human.
They were thought of as "cargo" or "goods" - commodities rather than innocent people - to be bought and sold, and not respected and cared about.
Enslaved people were starved during the Middle Passage.
At "best", the enslavers fed enslaved people beans, corn, yams, rice, and palm oil.
However, enslaved African people were not always fed every day.
If there was not enough food for the sailors (human traffickers) and the slaves, the enslavers would eat first, and the enslaved might not get any food.
On some slave ships, slaves who looked sick were not given any food.
Many enslaved people died from starvation and dehydration (not having enough water) during the Middle Passage.
The enslaved peoples' living conditions on the slave ships were horrific.
Diseases spread very quickly because the enslaved people were so crowded together, and because there was no sanitation.
The most common diseases were dysentery, scurvy, smallpox, syphilis, and measles.
Many enslaved African people were killed by disease during the Middle Passage.
On longer trips, even more enslaved people died, because there was less food and water (this made dysentery and scurvy more common).
Also, many slaves became too depressed to eat.
Slaves were often tortured as punished  if they did not follow the human traffickers' orders or if they seemed disobedient in any way.
For example, enslaved people who were too depressed or sick to eat might be beaten or whipped.
The worst forms of torture were for enslaved people who tried to rebel (fight back).
For example, one slave ship captain punished an enslaved person who tried to rebel, by murdering him; then he forced two other slaves to eat his heart and liver.
World powers
The countries that controlled most of the slave trade were European and Asian countries that were very powerful at the time.
These countries included:
Brandenburg (now a state of Germany)
Different countries were more powerful in the slave trade at different times.
For example, for two hundred years, from 1440–1640, Portugal controlled most of the slave trade.
However, over time, the balance of power in Europe changed.
By the 18th century, the British Empire was much more powerful.
During the 18th century, when 6 million Africans were brought over the Middle Passage, British slavers carried almost 2.5 million of them.
Senegambia (now Senegal and Gambia);
Upper Guinea;
Windward Coast (now the Ivory Coast);
Gold Coast (now Ghana);
Bight of Benin;
Bight of Biafra, off the western coast of Africa;
West Central Africa and;
Southeastern Africa
Slave traders
The slave trade was very profitable for slave traders.
By the late 18th century, a strong male slave could be sold for about $600 to $1500 (which is about $9,000 to $15,000 in United States dollars today).
Because of this, kidnapping people in Africa and selling them into slavery became more and more popular.
Historians think that African warlords, kings, and private kidnappers - Europeans, Americans, and Africans alike - all participated in kidnapping people into slavery.
The Middle Passage  from DiscoveringBristol.org.uk (simple English)
Journals from people on slave ships  from DiscoveringBristol.org.uk (may not be simple English)
Pictures of slave ships and the slave trade from History.com
Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr. (born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk and rock guitarist.
He is best known for his work with Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna.
Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists.
Jorma Kaukonen website
Fur Peace Ranch website
Jorma searches for his Jewish Soul
List of Authorized links from Jormakaukonen.com
Got a Revolution: Jefferson Airplane biography by Jeff Tamarkin
John William "Jack" Casady (born April 13, 1944) is an American musician.
He is called one of the popular bass guitarists of the rock music era.
He is best known as a member of Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna.
He was born in Washington, D.C.. He became the bass player for Jefferson Airplane with lead guitarist Jorma Kaukonen and Paul Kantner.
Official Jack Casady website  requires Flash
Jack Cassady in SVT
Sciences Po or Institut d'études politiques de Paris is a special university in France.
The school is in Paris.
It was created in 1872.
Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
Marc Drillech, French sociologist and President of universities
Roland Dumas, French lawyer and Socialist politician
François Hollande, President of France
Adrienne Jablanczy, French economist, professor
Pierre Mauroy, French Socialist Party politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984
Jean Peyrelevade, French civil servant, politician and business leader
Peter Scholl-Latour, French-German professor, journalist and publicis
Dominique Strauss-Kahn, French politician, economist
Sciences Po Paris website
Richard Descoings, Sciences Po.
De la Courneuve à Shanghai, préface de René Rémond, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007 ()
"Work" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna.
It is from her eighth studio album, Anti.
The song features Canadian rapper Drake.
It was released on January 27, 2016.
It was the most heard song for its first day on the over 1,200 stations monitored by Nielsen music.
A few hours after its release, it was sent to digital outlets such as iTunes and Google Play Music.
Rihanna announced via Twitter that "Work" was the lead single for Anti.
In June 2017, the song was certified sextuple-Platinum in the US for sales and streams equal to six million copies.
The song reached number one on the iTunes charts of over 70 countries.
"Work" debuted at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100, which made her one of the artists with the fifth-most top-ten singles in Billboard history (with 27 top-ten songs), along with singer-songwriters Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, and Elton John.
In addition, the song also managed to enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number one.
"Work" reached number two in the UK, number five in Australia, and topped the charts in Canada.
The song became Rihanna's 14th and Drake's second number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100.
Rihanna became the artist with the third-most number-one songs in Hot 100 history and the second-most for a female artist.
She passed Michael Jackson's record of 13 number-ones and is behind Mariah Carey's 19 chart-toppers and The Beatles' 20 number-one songs.
"Work" was the third longest-running number-one song of 2016, with nine weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 (The Chainsmokers' "Closer" featuring Halsey has spent 12 weeks at number one, and Drake's "One Dance" has spent ten weeks at the top).
The song was later replaced at number one by rapper Desiigner's first single, "Panda".
About the song
"Work" is about a relationship that has turned bad and using work as a distraction from the relationship.
It is a reggae-pop and dancehall song.
The music video was released on February 22, 2016, two days after Rihanna's 28th birthday.
It first appeared on the streaming service Tidal and was later uploaded to YouTube/Vevo.
The first half of the video contains scenes of a club and shows Rihanna performing Caribbean dance moves with short hair.
The second half is a different version of the video, which contains a couch and neon signs, while Rihanna, wearing much longer hair, sings to Drake, and is wearing a sheer shirt.
Drake is present in both versions of the video.
2016 songs
Reggae pop songs
Cars and motorcycles
Rover (marque), British car brand in use from 1904–2005
Rover Company (1885–1967), a British car maker
Rover Group (1986–2000), a British car maker
MG Rover Group (2000–2005), a British car maker, formerly the Rover Group
Land Rover, a brand of 4-wheel drive cars by Jaguar Land Rover
Rover (motorcycles), a British bicycle and motorcycle maker
Space rovers
Rover (space exploration), a vehicle that explores the surface of an astronomical body
Lunar rover, a vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon
Mars rover, a vehicle designed to explore the surface of Mars
A.F.C. Kempston Rovers, a football club based in Kempston, Bedfordshire, England
Albion Rovers F.C., Coatbridge, Scotland
Albion Rovers F.C. (Newport), Wales
Blackburn Rovers F.C., England
Blackpool Wren Rovers F.C., Lancashire, England
Boston Rovers, a United States soccer team that competed in the United Soccer Association league in 1967
Bristol Rovers F.C., England
Doncaster Rovers F.C., England
Fall River Rovers, a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts
Forest Green Rovers F.C., Gloucestershire, England
Paulton Rovers F.C., near Bristol, England
Raith Rovers F.C., Kirkcaldy, Scotland
Rochedale Rovers Football Club, Queensland, Australia
Shamrock Rovers F.C., Dublin, Ireland
Sligo Rovers F.C., Sligo, Ireland
Tampines Rovers FC, Singapore
Taringa Rovers Soccer Football Club, Brisbane, Australia
Tranmere Rovers F.C., Birkenhead, England
River City Rovers, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially converted for the purpose of taking slaves, especially newly captured African slaves to the Americas.
Living conditions for slaves on these ships was inhuman.
Men, women and children were crowded into every possible space leaving no room to move or even breathe.
There was little food and the smell could not be described.
Between 1526 and 1867 about 12.5 million slaves were sent by slave ships from Africa to the Americas.
But only about 10.7 million slaves actually arrived.
Of all human migrations it was the most costly in terms of human lives lost.
The average time to sail across the Atlantic took from 60 to 90 days.
Sometimes the trips took up to four months.
Saleable slaves
Ship captains were under orders by slavers to deliver only saleable slaves.
Starving, sick or troublesome slaves were often thrown overboard into the ocean to drown.
Sometimes Africans were kept on deck chained together with long chains.
There were times when they would jump overboard, taking every other chained slave with them, to avoid their unknown fate.
Many ships kept extra crew members on deck to prevent this from happening.
At other times crew members would throw slaves overboard as a warning to other slaves.
If the ship was running out of food or water, all the slaves would be killed to save the crew from starving.
Zong massacre
Slave ships could at times get insurance on their cargos of slaves.
But insurance would not pay if the slavers starved the slaves or they got sick.
Insurance paid out if the slaves drowned, but not if they were severely starved to death.
In 1781 the slave ship Zong was hauling 470 slaves—more than the ship could handle.
Many began to get sick.
By the time the ship reached the Doldrums, a mid-Atlantic region that at times had no wind, several of the crew had died from the spreading diseases.
To save themselves, the remaining crew threw 132 dying and sick slaves into the ocean.
Another 10 slaves jumped with them.
When they tried to collect the insurance the Insurance underwriter denied the claim.
In 1782 in a court in Jamaica, ruled for the owners.
The insurance company appealed the decision.
This brought a good deal of public attention.
It began to be called the Zong massacre.
No member of the crew or the owners were ever charged with murder.
Slave ship takeovers
About 15% to 20% of the ships leaving Africa never arrived in the Americas.
In thousands of cases the crews were overtaken by captured slaves, some of them warriors.
Often the crew was killed and the Africans managed to sail back to Africa.
In other cases the ships were lost at sea.
The Little George ship revolt happened after the ship Little George left Guinea in June of 1730.
It was carrying 96 slaves to Rhode Island.
Several of the African men slipped out of their shackles and overpowered the crew.
They killed three of the crew who were on deck at the time.
The rest were taken prisoner.
The Africans sailed the ship back to the Sierra Leone River where they abandoned the ship and still imprisoned crew.
In 1732 a ship out of Portsmouth, New Hampshire captained by John Major had just loaded hundreds of slaves and was leaving when about 50 Africans took over the ship.
The crew was killed with guns, axes, swords and other weapons taken from the crew members.
In 1747 an American ship with a captain named Beers was taken over by hundreds of captive Africans in West Africa.
All but two of the crew were killed with their own weapons.
There was no record of how many Africans died during the short battle.
A 1764 ship incident.
An unnamed ship from New London, Connecticut had just taken on a load of slaves in Senegal.
That night, while the ship was still in port, the Africans freed themselves and, using clubs, killed the entire crew and captain.
The Africans then disappeared back into Senegal.
In 1839 the Spanish ship Amistad was sailing off the coast of Cuba in the process of smuggling slaves.
By this time slave trading was illegal except in Cuba.
Joseph Cinqué, who had been captured as a slave in Sierra Leone, led a revolt that had far reaching consequences.
The court case in Connecticut that followed was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States where it was upheld.
Cinqué and the surviving Africans returned to Sierra Leone in 1842.
The Creole Ship Uprising.
The ship Creole sailed from Richmond, Virginia on Oct. 27, 1841.
It was bound for New Orleans with a cargo of 135 slaves.
The slaves were able to kill some of the crew, the rest were taken captive.
The ship arrived at Nassau, Bahamas where the slaves were set free by the British.
Gooding County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho.
In the 2010 census, the population was 15,464.
It is named for Frank R. Gooding, an early 20th Century governor and United States Senator from Idaho.
Gooding
Lost River is a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States.
It had 68 residents at the 2010 census.
Lost River is located at  (43.721785, -113.544931).
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil.
He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945.
Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954.
Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President.
He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state.
He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism.
Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor".
He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist.
He shot himself dead after he was forced by the Brazilian military to resign from the Presidency.
Custer County is a county in U.S. state of Idaho.
In the 2010 census, the population was 4,368.
Goldburg
Bayhorse
Challis School District #181
Bosler is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States, along the Laramie River.
It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 30 and 287 north of Laramie.
Its elevation is 7,080 feet (2,158 m).
Although Bosler is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 82051.
Gordon Goody (11 March 1929 – 29 January 2016) was a British criminal and small businessman.
Goody was known for playing a role in the Great Train Robbery in 1963 that was lead by Bruce Reynolds.
Goody was sentenced to 30 years in jail, but was released in 1975.
A year after his release, he moved to Spain were he opened a small business as a bar owner.
Great Train Robber Gordon Goody Confesses 50 Years On
Great Train Robbers, Who Were They?
This page lists census-designated places (CDPs) in the U.S. state of Wyoming.
At the 2010 census, there were 104 census-designated places in Wyoming.
By name (alphabetically)
By county
Albany County (Albany, Centennial, Fox Park, Woods Landing-Jelm)
Big Horn County (Hyattville, Shell)
Campbell County (Antelope Valley-Crestview, Sleepy Hollow)
Carbon County (Arlington, Ryan Park)
Converse County (Esterbrook, Orin)
Crook County (Beulah)
Fremont County (Arapahoe, Atlantic City, Boulder Flats, Crowheart, Ethete, Fort Washakie, Jeffrey City, Johnstown)
Goshen County (Hawk Springs, Huntley, Veteran)
Hot Springs County (Lucerne, Owl Creek)
Lincoln County (Alpine Northeast, Alpine Northwest, Auburn, Bedford, Etna, Fairview, Fontenelle, Freedom, Grover, Nordic, Oakley, Osmond, Smoot, Taylor, Turnerville)
Laramie County (Carpenter, Fox Farm-College, Hillsdale, Ranchettes, South Greeley, Warren AFB)
Natrona County (Alcova, Antellope Hills, Brookhurst, Bessemer Bend, Casper Mountain, Hartrandt, Homa Hills, Meadow Acres, Mountain View, Powder River, Red Butte, Vista West)
Niobrara County (Lance Creek)
Park County (Garland, Mammoth, Ralston)
Platte County (Chugcreek, Lakeview North, Slater, Westview Circle, Whiting, Y-O Ranch)
Sheridan County (Arvada, Big Horn, Parkman, Story)
Sublette County (Bondurant, Boulder, Cora, Daniel)
Sweetwater County (Arrowhead Springs, Clearview Acres, Eden, Farson, James Town, Little America, McKinnon, North Rock Springs, Purple Sage, Reliance, Table Rock, Washam)
Teton County (Alta, Hoback, Kelly, Moose Wilson Road, Rafter J Ranch, South Park, Teton Village, Wilson)
Uinta County (Carter, Fort Bridger, Lonetree, Robertson, Urie)
Weston County (Hill View Heights, Osage)
Places with more than 1,000 people
Antelope Valley-Crestview
Fox Farm-College
Hoback
Moose Wilson Road
North Rock Springs
Rafter J Ranch
Ranchettes
South Greeley
Warren AFB
Places with 500 to 1,000 people
Clearview Acres
James Town
Nordic
Purple Sage
Places with 100 to 500 people
Alpine Northwest
Alpine Northeast
Chugcreek
Fort Bridger
Hill View Heights
Parkman
Teton Village
Turnerville
Urie
Y-O Ranch
Places with fewer than 100 people
Antellope Hills
Arrowhead Springs
Esterbrook
Hawk Springs
Hillsdale
Huntley
Lakeview North
Lonetree
McKinnon
Ryan Park
Washam
Westview Circle
Population Finder: US Census Bureau
Powell is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States.
The population was 6,314 at the 2010 census.
Albany is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.
Its population was 55 at the 2010 census.
Centennial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.
The population was 270 at the 2010 census.
Ellis is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Idaho, United States.
It is located on U.S. Route 93  northeast of Challis.
Ellis has a post office with ZIP code 83235.
Lander is a unincorporated community in Farmington Township in Warren County, Pennsylvania.
Farmington was laid out in 1818.
A former variant name of Farmington was Cope.
A post office called Cope was established in 1874, and operated until 1895.
Hershey is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.
Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.
The community is located  east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The population was 14,257 at the 2010 census.
Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point.
A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909.
The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.
Agnès Varda (30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019) was a French movie director and producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, artist, photographer.
She was also a professor at the European Graduate School.
Her movies, photographs, and artworks focused on realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style.
Movie historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave movie movement.
She was known for her works Cleo de 5 a 7, La Pointe Courte, and Vagabond.
Varda was born in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium to French parents.
She studied at École des Beaux-Arts.
Varda was married to Jacques Demy from 1962 until his death in 1990.
They had one daughter, Rosalie.
Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival for Vagabond/Without Roof or Rule
2002 - René Clair Award.
2009 - The Beaches of Agnès won the César Award for best documentary film
12 April 2009 - made Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur
May 2010 - Directors' Fortnight's 8th Carosse d'Or award for lifetime achievement at the Cannes Film Festival
14 May 2013 - promoted to Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of France
10 August 2014 -Leopard of Honour award at the 67th Locarno Film Festival
13 December 2014 - Lifetime Achievement Award from the European Film Academy
24 May 2015 - honorary Palme d'or
Agnès Varda  Faculty Page @ European Graduate School Biography, bibliography, films and quotes.
Watch 17 films of Agnes Varda at www.dafilms.com
Ciné-Tamaris
Jonathan Romney, The Beaches of Agnès (Sight & Sound 'Film of the Month')
"A Talk: Agnès Varda ," 2009, (Frieze Foundation Talks)
Agnès Varda  talks about cinema and her work
U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinions, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.
It was founded as a weekly news magazine in 1933.
Since 2010, it mainly publishes its content on the internet.
U.S. News is best known today for its influential rankings of colleges and hospitals.
It has expanded its content on education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.
The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington, D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content editor since April 2007.
The company is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman.
, which includes:
U.S.News & World Rankings – Rankings main website
America's Best High Schools
Reviews and Rankings for the Best Cars and Trucks
Richard Sugarman (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political advisor.
He is a Professor of Religion and Philosophy at the University of Vermont.
He has been called a "world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas."
He is a political advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign.
Sugarman is of Jewish descent.
He is an Orthodox Jew and also a Zionist.
Huck Gutman (born about 1944) is an American academic and political advisor.
He is a Professor of English at the University of Vermont.
He was the Chief of Staff to U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.
He co-wrote Sanders' political memoir, Outsider in the White House.
Outsider in the White House is a political memoir written by Huck Gutman and Bernie Sanders.
It was first published as Outsider in the House in 1997.
It was republished in 2015, when Sanders ran for President of the United States.
The book contains an afterword by journalist John Nichols.
The book talks about Sanders's support for the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution.
This law gives United States citizens the right to own guns.
Roper was elected Member of Parliament for Farnworth in 1970.
He sat as a Labour Co-operative MP from 1970 to 1981, and for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1981 to 1983, when he was also the party's Chief Whip.
His Farnworth seat was then abolished, and he contested the seat of Worsley at the 1983 general election.
He finished third in a three-way marginal election.
On 12 May 2000, he was created a life peer as Baron Roper, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster.
He was the Liberal Democrat Chief Whip in the House of Lords until 2005.
He was then appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.
In 2008, he was elected Principal Deputy Chairman of Committees.
He retired from the House of Lords on 23 May 2015.
Roper died on 29 January 2016 after a long illness.
Lord Roper  profile at the site of Liberal Democrats
Who's Who 2002 entry
Aleš Debeljak (25 December 1961 – 28 January 2016) was a Slovenian cultural critic, poet, and essayist.
He was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
From the mid-1980s onwards, Debeljak took an active part in civil society movements.
He was one of the co-editors of popular journal Nova revija.
Debeljak was killed in a car crash on 28 January 2016.
He was aged 54.
Personal Page (Faculty for Social Sciences, Ljubljana)
Biography and bibliography
Aleš Debeljak's "Without Anesthesia" in Blackbird: an online journal of literature and the arts
Augusto Giomo (3 February 1940 – 27 January 2016) was an Italian basketball player.
He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
He finished in fourth and fifth place.
His younger brother Giorgio played for Italy at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Treviso.
Giomo died in Treviso, from cancer, on 27 January 2016.
He was aged 75.
Paul Ichiro Terasaki (September 10, 1929 – January 25, 2016) was an American scientist.
He worked in the field of human organ transplant technology.
He was the Professor Emeritus of Surgery at UCLA School of Medicine.
Terasaki was born in Los Angeles, California.
In 1964, Terasaki developed the microcytotoxicity test.
This is a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients.
It required only 1 microliter of antisera used to identify human leukocyte antigens (HLA).
Terasaki died on January 25, 2016 after a long illness in Beverly Hills, California.
See also its links to oral history video clips.
Słopnice  is a village in southern Poland.
It is located in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Słopnice.
It is located about  west of Limanowa and  south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
Michel Legrand (24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist.
He was born Courbevoie, in present-day France.
Legrand was a well-known composer.
He has written over 200 movie and television scores, as well as many memorable songs.
He was best known for his movie music, such as The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Thomas Crown Affair (1968).
The Thomas Crown Affair featured the song "The Windmills of Your Mind".
Legrand won his first Academy Award for this song.
He would win another Academy Award in 1971 for Summer of '42.
Biography of Michel Legrand , from Radio France Internationale
non official website of Michel Legrand
A pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) is a nuclear reactor developed by Canada.
It commonly uses uranium as its fuel.
It uses heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as its coolant and neutron moderator.
The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure.
This allows it to be heated to higher temperatures without boiling.
While heavy water is a lot more expensive than ordinary water, it creates greatly enhanced neutron economy.
This allows the reactor to operate without fuel-enrichment facilities (offsetting the additional expense of the heavy water).
Myth Makers: Trixie in Toyland is a platforming video game for the computer, PlayStation 2, and most recently the Nintendo Wii.
The game was created by Data Design Interactive, a British company.
It is one of three parts of their Myth Makers series of video games.
The following is a list of presidents of the Marshall Islands, since the creation of that office in 1979.
List of presidents of the Marshall Islands
The Whirlpool galaxy, is also known as Messier 51a, M51a, or NGC 5194.
It is a large galaxy with well-defined spiral arms, with a smaller companion galaxy.
They have been through a collision, and are still interacting.
The Whirlpool was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy.
Different methods put its distance as between 15 to 35 million light-years.
Recently it was estimated to be 23 ± 4 million light-years from the Milky Way.
Messier 51 is one of the best known galaxies in the sky.
Its spiral arms are so impressive and well-defined that it is called a "grand design" spiral galaxy.
It has an active galactic nucleus, no doubt fuelled by a massive black hole.
The galaxy and its companion, NGC 5195, are easily seen by amateur astronomers, in the constellation Canes Venatici.
The two galaxies can be seen with binoculars.
The Whirlpool galaxy is also a popular target for professional astronomers.
They study its galaxy structure (particularly the spiral arms) and galaxy interactions.
The Museo del Prado is a museum established on 19 November 1819, located in Madrid.
It is one of the biggest and most important museums in the world.
Its collection includes works of European artists, from the 12th to the 19th century.
It was founded as a museum for paintings and sculptures, but also contains other types of works of art.
The collections include many works of Francisco de Goya, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Titian and Peter Paul Rubens and Hieronymus Bosch.
In 2012, about 2.8 million people visited the museum.
Some of the most famous paintings in the museum include: Las Meninas, The Garden of Earthly Delights, The Third of May 1808, and La Maja Desnuda.
The architects that constructed the museum are Rafael Moneo and Juan de Villanueva.
In many branches of science, including mathematics, mathematical optimization is a branch that is about finding right set of answers that give an best (optimal) solution to a problem, given some limitations, or criteria.
In the simplest case, this means that a function needs to be minimized or maximized.
For example, consider a baker with a set amount of flour, sugar, yeast, etc.
They also are given five hours to prepare.
Time and ingredients are the constraints, or criteria.
The baker is tasked with providing the largest volume of food to feed a hungry crowd.
Maximizing the number of servings is the optimization function.
Many problems are much harder, though, and solving them analytically is not feasible: in these cases, numerical methods are often used.
This often is a result of when the decisions that need to be made involve whole numbers.
A baker can usually make half of a recipe, but consider a rancher trying to determine how many cattle and sheep to graze.
Limitations may include amount of land available or money to purchase the animals.
The optimization function is to maximize profit.
If they could purchase a fraction of a cow or sheep, then the problem is pretty easy to solve.
However, since one can only buy whole sheep or cows, the problem becomes very difficult to solve perfectly, so the best one can do is sometimes to get a "best guess" using numerical methods with the help of a computer.
The first step is usually to take the derivative of the initial function.
From here maxima or minima can be found within a domain by simply finding the critical points.
These include domain (x) values where the differentiated function equals 0 or does not exist.
Simply finding critical points is not enough to determine maxima or minima.
The final step to determining a maximum, minimum, or neither can be one of two methods.
(1) X values lesser and lesser than the critical point must be substituted into the differentiated function to determine if the values change sign.
If they go from negative to positive, the critical point is a minimum.
If they go from positive to negative, the critical point is a maximum.
If neither occurs, the point is neither.
This is known as the first derivative test.
(2) The derivative of the differentiated function can be taken, creating a second-order derivative.
The critical point must be substituted into the second derivative.
If the output is positive, the critical point is a minimum.
If the output is negative, the critical point is a maximum.
This is known as the second derivative test.
The application of optimization span many fields.
A simple example is attempting to find the smallest possible difference in the distance of two objects in two-dimensional space (x and y).
In this context, the derivative of the function that gives the difference is taken in order to find the minimum.
A more complicated example is in Machine Learning, in which the optimization function attempts to find the global minimum of the loss function in order to minimize the difference or loss between the algorithm’s predictions and the actual values.
This example is more difficult as Machine learning algorithms often utilize multidimensional data usually in the form of tensors yielding more complicated functions.
Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in the Arab world.
It took place mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, Southeast Africa, the Horn of Africa.
It also included parts of Europe (such as Iberia and Sicily), beginning during the era of the Muslim conquests and continuing into the 20th century.
The Arab slave trade was conducted through slave markets in the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.
Most of the slaves were from Africa's interior.
Historians estimate that between 650 AD and the 1960s, 10 million to 18 million people were enslaved by Arab slave traders.
One of the oldest slave trades in history was the Arab trade of Zanj (Bantu) slaves in Southeast Africa.
This trade began 700 years before the European Atlantic slave trade.
Men taken as slaves were often used as servants, soldiers, or workers.
Women and children were mainly used as servants and concubines.
Most male slaves were castrated.
It is estimated that as many as 6 out of every 10 boys bled to death during this process.
Even so, castrating slaves was worthwhile because eunuchs sold for high prices.
Over time, the Arab slave trade shifted to concentrate more on women and young girls for sexual purposes.
This was different than the later Atlantic slave trade, which concentrated on enslaving men for labor.
Modern slavery in Africa
In Mauritania slavery was abolished legally in 1980.
But Muslim Berbers still own an estimated 90,000 African slaves.
This is despite the fact that African Mauritanians converted to Islam over a hundred years ago and the Qur’an does not allow Muslims to enslave other Muslims.
Slaves are used for farm labor, concubines and domestic servants.
The children remain the property of their masters.
They can be bought, sold, or exchanged for trucks, camels or guns.
Slavery in Sudan is active again with the Muslim north waging war against Animists and Christians in the south.
In these raids almost all slaves are taken from the tribes in the Nuba Mountains.
Government sponsored Arab militias often kill the men and enslave women and children.
Those taken slaves are forced to convert to Islam.
Those that refuse are put to death.
The trafficking in women and children in Western and Southern Africa violates the 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Two Views of The History of Islamic Slavery in Africa
The East African Slave Trade
Slavery still haunts Africa, where millions remain captive
John B. King Jr. (born January 5, 1975) is an American politician.
He was the  Secretary of Education at the  U.S. Department of Education from 2016 to 2017.
Before, he served as its Acting Deputy Secretary, and from 2011 to 2014 he was the  New York State Education Commissioner.
The former Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, was given the job of putting into effect the No Child Left Behind Act.
However, King is required to put into effect the law that replaces that law, the Every Student Succeeds Act.
In April 2021, King announced that he would be running for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Maryland in the 2022 election.
Sarah Margaret Roffey Jewell (born February 21, 1956) is a British-born American businesswoman.
She is the 51st United States Secretary of the Interior.
She served in the government of President Barack Obama from April 2013 to 2017.
She is the second woman to hold the position, after Gale Norton.
Businesspeople from Washington
The Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC 4039) are two colliding galaxies.
They are in the constellation Corvus.
The process takes hundreds of millions of years, maybe even a billion years.
The collision, with its clouds of gas, dust and magnetic fields, causes extremely rapid star formation.
This is their starburst phase, and might last a few hundred million years.
They were discovered by William Herschel in 1785.
They are in the NGC 4038 group with five other galaxies.
Before The Collision, NGC 4038 was a barred spiral galaxy and NGC 4039 was a spiral galaxy.
These two galaxies are known as the Antennae galaxies because they have two long tails of stars, gas and dust ejected from the galaxies as a result of tidal force in the collision that look like an insect’s antennae.
The nuclei of the two galaxies are joining to become one giant galaxy, sometime in the future to form an Elliptical galaxy.
Chaim Yisroel Belsky (August 22, 1938 – January 28, 2016) was an American rabbi and posek of Orthodox and Haredi Judaism.
He was one of the roshei yeshivas at Yeshiva Torah Vodaas, and rabbi of the summer camp network run by Agudath Israel of America.
Belsky was criticized by other rabbis for his repeated defense of sexual abusers.
Some have claimed that he intimidated victims of abuse.
Belsky has publicly stated that victims should not report their rape to the police.
Belsky was taken to hospital on January 22, 2016 in Brooklyn.
He had a "serious illness".
He died eight days later on January 30, at the age of 77.
Jean-Marie Doré (12 June 1938 – 29 January 2016) was a Guinean politician.
He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from January 2010 until December 2010.
Doré was the President of the Union for the Progress of Guinea (UPG).
He was opposition leader for years before being chosen to lead a transitional government that was in place during the preparation and conduct of the 2010 presidential election.
T. N. Gopakumar (1957 – 30 January 2016) was an Indian writer, movie director and journalist.
He was the news editor in chief of Asianet News.
Gopakumar was also the producer and anchorperson of the popular weekly programme Kannadi on Asianet.
Gopakumar died of cancer in a private hospital in Thiruvananthapuram on 30 January 2016.
Georgia Montgomery Davis Powers (October 19, 1923 – January 30, 2016) was an American politician and civil rights activist.
She served for 21 years as a member of the state Senate of Kentucky.
When elected in 1967, she became the first non-White person and the first woman elected to the Kentucky Senate.
She was born in Springfield, Kentucky.
Powers died of congestive heart failure in Louisville, Kentucky on January 30, 2016.
She was aged 92.
Karolína Kurková (born 28 February 1984), is a Czech model.
She is best known as a former Victoria's Secret Angel.
Kurková was discovered by Miuccia Prada in 1999.
She became the face of Louis Vuitton in 2001, Chanel in 2003.
In 2002, Kurková was the youngest model to be elected the Model of the Year at the VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards.
After walking for Victoria's Secret since 2001, she was an Angel from 2005 to 2009.
In 2002 and 2006, Kurková wore the Fantasy Bra, a multimillion dollar bra, during the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.
In 2008, E!
named her the sexiest woman of the year.
Czech models
Jean Paul Gaultier (; born 24 April 1952) is a French haute couture fashion designer.
He created his own ready-to-wear brand in 1976.
His first couture fashion show was in 1997.
From 1993 to 1997, Trademark co-hosted Eurotrash with Antoine de Caunes on Channel 4 (UK).
He was the creative director of Hermès from 2003 to 2010.