the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In almost all cases, an Air Force Instruction is a form of a general order; and violation of the AFI by an Airman subject to it can be punished under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Acanthostega (meaning 'spiny roof') was an extinct fishapod.
It was one of the first vertebrates to have recognizable limbs.
It appeared in the Upper Devonian about 365 million years ago, and was anatomically intermediate between lobe-finned fishes and the first tetrapods fully capable of coming onto land.
Acanthostega had eight digits on each hand linked by webbing, and six digits on the rear legs.
It had no wrists to support the animal's weight on land.
Acanthostega also  had a remarkably fish-like shoulder and forelimb.
The front foot of Acanthostega could not bend forward at the elbow, and so could not bear the full weight of the body.
It was suitable for paddling or for holding on to aquatic plants.
The animal had lungs, but its ribs were too short to give support to its chest cavity out of water.
It had gills which were internal and covered like those of fish, not external and naked like those of some modern aquatic amphibians.
"This animal, though clearly a tetrapod, was primarily an aquatic creature whose immediate forerunners were essentially fish that never left the water.
The discovery forced scholars to rethink the sequence in which key changes to the skeleton took place.
Rather than portraying a creature like Eusthenopteron crawling onto land and then gaining legs and feet, as Romer postulated, the new fossils indicated that tetrapods evolved these features while they were still aquatic and only later co-opted them for walking".
There are many changes that allowed the pelvic girdle of Acanthostega to become a weight-bearing structure.
In ancestral states the two sides of the girdle were not attached.
In Acanthostega there in contact between the two sides and fusion of the girdle with the sacral rib of the vertebral column.
These fusions would have made the pelvic region more powerful and equipped to counter the force of gravity when not supported by the buoyancy of water.
Therefore, paleontologists think it probably lived in shallow, weed-choked swamps, the legs adapted to some other function than walking on land.
Also, there is a change in the arrangement of teeth from previous types.
At that period, for the first time, deciduous plants were flourishing and annually shedding leaves into the water, attracting small prey into warm oxygen-poor shallows which were difficult for larger fish to swim in.
Both Ichthyostega and Acanthostega may heve breathed air by sticking their heads above the water in these shallows.
Clack remarks on how the lower jaw of Acanthostega shows a change from the jaws of fish.
It differs in having a small number of larger teeth in the outer row and smaller teeth in the inner row.
Research based on analysis of the skull suggests the species may have bitten directly on prey at or near the water's edge.
Markey and Marshall compared the skull with the skulls of fish, which use suction feeding as the main way to catch prey, and creatures known to have used the direct biting typical of terrestrial animals.
Their results indicate that Acanthostega was adapted for what they call terrestrial-style feeding.
This strongly supports the hypothesis that the terrestrial mode of feeding first emerged in aquatic animals.
If correct, this shows an animal specialized for hunting and living in shallow waters in the line between land and water.
Newer research also indicates that it is possible Acanthostega evolved from an ancestor that had more terrestrial adaptations than itself.
fragments of the skull had been discovered in 1933 by Gunnar Säve-Söderbergh and Erik Jarvik.
The famous fossil which showed the significance of this species was discovered by Jenny Clack in East Greenland, 1987.
Acanthostega is part of widespread evolutionary adaptive radiation in the late Devonian period.
It started with purely aquatic finned tetrapodomorphs.
Their successors did more air-breathing, had adaptions to the jaws and gills.
They had a more muscular neck allowing freer movement of the head than fish have, and used their fins to raise the body of the fish.
These features are seeen in the earlier Tiktaalik, which like the Ichthyostega and Acanthostega is thought to have been primarily aquatic.
Fishapod
Corporal is a military rank that is used by most militaries.
It is also used by some police forces or other uniformed organizations.
In the United States Army a Corporal is usually a fire team leader or second-in-command of a squad of soldiers.
In the United States Marine Corps, Corporal is the rank for a team leader of a squad, machine gun team or the equivalent.
Baramulla () is a sub-district of Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Punjabi, ; August 12, 1924 – August 17, 1988), was a Pakistani general officer and military dictator.
He was the sixth President of Pakistan.
He was president from 1978 until his death in 1988.
He was born in Jalandhar, Punjab.
He died in a plane crash in Bahawalpur Punjab.
Before he was president, he was chief martial law administrator from 1977, when martial law had been declared for the third time in the country's history.
His reign is regarded as one of the longest-serving regimes in Pakistan, as he ruled nine years.
It was a very cruel and bad time for most Pakistani people.
He also helped the United States in fighting against the Soviet Union during the Soviet war in Afghanistan and in the process, he ruined his own country also.
Zia died in a plane crash on 17 August 1988.
After witnessing a US M1 Abrams tank demonstration in Bahawalpur, Zia had left the small town in the Punjab province by C-130B Hercules aircraft.
Shortly after a smooth takeoff, the control tower lost contact with the aircraft.
Witnesses who saw the plane in the air afterward claim it was flying erratically, then nosedived and exploded on impact.
In addition to Zia, 31 others died in the plane crash, including chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Akhtar Abdur Rahman, close associate of Zia, Brigadier Siddique Salik, the American Ambassador to Pakistan Arnold Lewis Raphel and General Herbert M. Wassom, the head of the US Military aid mission to Pakistan.
Ghulam Ishaq Khan, the Senate chairman announced Zia's death on radio and TV.
Conditions surrounding his death have given rise to many conspiracy theories.
There is speculation that the United States, India, the Soviet Union (in retaliation for Pakistani support of the mujahideen in Afghanistan) or an alliance of them and internal groups within Zia's military were behind the incident.
A board of inquiry was set up to investigate the crash.
It concluded 'the most probable cause of the crash was a criminal act of sabotage perpetrated in the aircraft'.
It also suggested that poisonous gases were released which incapacitated the passengers and crew, which would explain why no Mayday signal was given.
A flight recorder (black box) was not located after the crash even though previous C-130 aircraft did have them installed.
Gen. (retd) Mahmud Ali Durrani, who was suspected by many circles within Pakistan and also by the then United States Ambassador to India, John Gunther Dean, for being "extraordinarily insistent" with President Zia to visit the demonstration, is considered to be the prime suspect in the incident.
He claimed later that reports of Israeli and Indian involvement in Zia's plane crash were only speculations and he rejected the statement that was given by former president Ghulam Ishaq Khan that the presidential plane was blown up in the air.
Durrani stated that Zia's plane was destroyed while landing.
General Hameed Gul, the head of Pakistan’s Inter Services Intelligence agency at the time, suggested that the United States might be responsible, even though the U.S. Ambassador and military attaché were also killed.
He told The Times that the Pakistani President was killed in a conspiracy involving a "foreign power".
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an armed conflict in India.
It is being fought between Maoist groups, known as Naxalites or Naxals, and the Indian government.
January 1 - Christopher Martin-Jenkins, 67, English sportscaster and cricket journalist, lymphoma.
January 1 - Lloyd Hartman Elliott, 94, American educator, natural causes.
January 1 - Slobodan Rakitić, 72, Serbian writer and politician, illness.
January 1 - Louis J. Nigro, Jr., 65, American diplomat, cancer.
January 1 - Roz Howard, 91, American racing driver, natural causes.
January 1 - Patsy May, 78, American actress, natural causes.
January 1 - Phyllis Wiener, 91, American artist, natural causes.
January 1 - Patti Page, 85, American singer, natural causes.
January 1 - Barbara Werle, 84, American actress, natural causes.
January 2 - Teresa Torańska, 69, Polish journalist and writer, illness.
January 2 - Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, 67, Uruguayan footballer, after short illness.
January 2 - Ned Wertimer, 89, American actor, fall.
January 3 - Sergiu Nicolaescu, 82, Romanian movie director, actor and politician, cardiac arrest.
January 3 - Burry Stander, 25, South African mountain biker, training accident.
January 4 - Tony Lip, 82, American movie and television actor.
January 5 - Reg Dean, 110, British supercentenarian, natural causes.
January 5 - Martha Greenhouse, 91, American actress, natural causes.
January 6 - Neil Adcock, 81, South African cricketer, bowel cancer.
January 7 - Huell Howser, 67, American television personality, actor and comedian, prostate cancer.
January 7 - David R. Ellis, 60, American stuntman and director.
January 7 - Jiřina Jirásková, 81, Czech actress, natural causes.
January 7 - Carl Berner, 110, German-American supercentenarian, natural causes.
January 9 - James M. Buchanan, 93, American economist, winner 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics, natural causes.
January 9 - Vivian Brown, 85, American media personality, Alzheimer's disease.
January 9 - Rex Trailer, 84, American actor, singer, producer and television personality, pneumonia.
January 11 - Nguyen Khanh, 85, Vietnamese general and military leader, illnesses related to renal failure.
January 11 - Aaron Swartz, 26, American computer programmer, author and internet activist, suicide.
January 11 - Mariangela Melato, 71, Italian actress, pancreatic cancer.
January 12 - Koto Okubo, 115, Japanese supercentenarian, natural causes.
January 13 - Bille Brown, 61, Australian actor and playwright, bowel cancer.
January 14 - Conrad Bain, 89, Canadian-born American actor (Diff'rent Strokes), complications from a stroke.
January 15 - Nagisa Oshima, 80, Japanese director and screenwriter, pneumonia.
January 16 - Yevdokiya Mekshilo, 81, Russian cross-country skier.
January 16 - Pauline Phillips, 94, American advice columnist, natural causes.
January 17 - Jakob Arjouni, 48, German writer, pancreatic cancer.
January 17 - Sophiya Haque, 41, British actress, pneumonia.
January 18 - Walmor Chagas, 81, Brazilian actor, suicide by firearm.
January 19 - Taihō Kōki, 72, Japanese sumo wrestler.
January 19 - Earl Weaver, 82, American baseball player, heart attack.
January 19 - Stan Musial, 92, American baseball player, natural causes.
January 21 - Michael Winner, 77, British movie director, producer and food critic, liver cancer.
January 21 - Alden W. Clausen, 89, American banking executive and former World Bank President, complications from pneumonia.
January 23 - Józef Glemp, 83, Polish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
January 23 - Janice Knickrehm, 87, American actress, natural causes.
January 24 - Patricia Lovell, 83, Australian television host and movie producer, liver cancer.
January 27 - Pham Duy, 91, Vietnamese composer, liver and heart disease.
January 27 - Sally Starr, 90, American television personality, natural causes.
January 28 - Lloyd Phillips, 63, American movie producer, heart attack.
January 29 - Bernard Horsfall, 82, British actor, fall.
January 30 - Patty Andrews, 94, American singer, natural causes.
January 31 - Hassan Habibi, 76, Iranian politician, 1st Vice president of Iran.
January 31 - Caleb Moore, 25, American snowmobile competitor, injuries from fall.
January 31 - Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, 89, Mexican poet and scholar, natural causes.
February 1 - Ed Koch, 88, American politician and 105th Mayor of New York City, heart failure.
February 1 - Barney, 12, American presidential pet dog of George W. Bush, lymphoma.
February 1 - Robin Sachs, 61, British actor, heart attack.
February 2 - John Kerr, 81, American actor, short illness.
February 3 - David Oates, 50, English sports commentator, short-illness.
February 3 - Peter Gilmore, 81, British actor.
February 4 - Essie Mae Washington-Williams, 87, American schoolteacher and daughter of Strom Thurmond, natural causes.
February 4 - Reg Presley, 71, British rock musician, lung cancer and stroke.
February 5 - Egil Hovland, 88, Norwegian composer.
February 5 - Stuart Freeborn, 98, British make-up artist, natural causes.
February 6 - Chokri Belaid, 48, Tunisian lawyer and politician, shot.
February 7 - Krsto Papić, 79, Croatian screenwriter and movie director, stomach cancer.
February 8 - Giovanni Cheli, 94, Italian cardinal, natural causes.
February 8 - Chris Brinker, 42, American movie producer, aortic aneurysm.
February 9 - Keiki Fukuda, 99, American martial artist, natural causes.
February 9 - Kåre Valebrokk, 72, Norwegian journalist, editor and television executive, natural causes.
February 9 - Afzal Guru, 43, Indian Islamist terrorist, hanged.
February 11 - D. Vinayachandran, 66, Indian Malayalam poet.
February 12 - Christopher Dorner, 33, American former police officer and spree killer, apparent gunshot suicide.
February 13 - Gerry Day, 91, American movie and television writer, natural causes.
February 14 - Reeva Steenkamp, 29, South African model, shot.
February 14 - Ronald Dworkin, 81, American philosopher, leukemia.
February 15 - Todor Kolev, 73, Bulgarian actor, comedian, singer, presenter, lung cancer.
February 16 - Tony Sheridan, 72, British musician and singer-songwriter, complications after heart failure.
February 17 - Richard Briers, 79, British actor, emphysema.
February 17 - Mindy McCready, 37, American country music singer, suicide by gunshot.
February 18 - Jerry Buss, 80, American businessman and owner of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, cancer and renal failure.
February 18 - Elspet Gray, 83, Scottish actress.
February 18 - Kevin Ayers, 68, English singer-songwriter.
February 18 - Otfried Preußler, 89, German children's author.
February 19 - Joaquín Cordero, 90, Mexican actor, pneumonia.
February 19 - John Brascia, 80, American dancer, Parkinson's disease.
February 19 - Armen Alchian, 98, American economist, natural causes.
February 19 - Donald Richie, 88, American writer, critic, journalist, and historian on Japanese history, natural causes.
February 19 - Robert Coleman Richardson, 75, American Nobel Prize-winning physicist, heart attack.
February 19 - Lou Myers, 77, American actor, pneumonia and heart failure.
February 20 - Antonio Roma, 80, Argentine footballer.
February 21 - Magic Slim, 75, American blues singer and guitarist, heart failure.
February 21 - Bob Godfrey, 91, British Academy Award-winning animator, natural causes.
February 21 - Raymond Cusick, 84, British TV designer, heart failure.
February 22 - Hasse Jeppson, 87, Swedish footballer, natural causes.
February 22 - Atje Keulen-Deelstra, 74, Dutch speed skater, pneumonia.
February 22 - George Ives, 87, American actor, natural causes.
February 22 - Wolfgang Sawallisch, 89, German conductor and pianist.
February 23 - Julien Ries, 92, Belgian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
February 24 - Dave Charlton, 76, South African racing driver.
February 25 - Ray O'Connor, 86, 22nd Premier of Western Australia, natural causes.
February 25 - Carmen Montejo, 87, Mexican actress, illness.
February 25 - C. Everett Koop, 96, American politician, Surgeon General of the United States and spokesperson, renal failure.
February 26 - Marie-Claire Alain, 86, French organist and teacher, natural causes.
February 26 - Stéphane Hessel, 95, German-born French diplomat, writer and Resistance activist, natural causes.
February 27 - Van Cliburn, 78, American pianist, bone cancer.
February 27 - Ramon Dekkers, 43, Dutch kickboxer.
February 27 - Dale Robertson, 89, American actor, pneumonia and lung cancer.
February 28 - Bruce Reynolds, 81, British criminal, heart attack.
February 28 - Donald A. Glaser, 86, American Nobel Prize-winning physicist and neurobiologist, natural causes.
March 1 - Bonnie Franklin, 69, American actress, pancreatic cancer.
March 1 - Chris Canavan, 84, British actor, heart attack.
March 1 - Jewel Akens, 79, American R&B singer, complications from back surgery.
March 1 - Janez Albreht, 87, Slovenian actor, natural causes.
March 1 - Campbell Armstrong, 69, Scottish author, heart attack.
March 2 - Hans Schnitger, 97, Dutch field hockey player, natural causes.
March 2 - Peter Harvey, 68, Australian television journalist (Nine Network), pancreatic cancer.
March 3 - Luis Cubilla, 72, Uruguayan footballer, stomach cancer.
March 3 - Bobby Rogers, 73, American soul singer and songwriter, long-illness.
March 4 - Seki Matsunaga, 84, Japanese footballer, natural causes.
March 4 - Fran Warren, 87, American actress and singer, natural causes.
March 4 - Harry Greene, 89, Welsh actor and television personality, natural causes.
March 5 - Hugo Chávez, 58, President of Venezuela, respiratory failure caused by cancer.
March 5 - Paul Bearer, 58, American professional wrestling manager, heart attack.
March 6 - Alvin Lee, 68, British guitarst, complications from surgery.
March 6 - Stompin' Tom Connors, 77, Canadian country-folk singer, kidney failure.
March 6 - Aydın Aybay, 83/84, Turkish professor, writer, and lawyer, respiratory failure.
March 7 - Peter Banks, 65, English guitarist, heart failure.
March 7 - Damiano Damiani, 90, Italian screenwriter, movie director and actor, respiratory failure.
March 7 - Frederick B. Karl, 88, American politician, heart disease.
March 7 - Sybil Christopher, 83, Welsh actress, heart failure.
March 8 - Ewald Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin, 90, German army officer and Resistance activist, natural causes.
March 9 - Merton Simpson, 84, American artist, complications from stroke, diabetes and dementia.
March 9 - Angelo J. Arculeo, 89, American politician, natural causes.
March 9 - Geoff Braybrooke, 77, British-born New Zealand politician, MP for Napier (19812002), heart attack.
March 9 - David Farmbrough, 83, British Anglican prelate, Bishop of Bedford (1981–1993), illness.
March 9 - Max Jakobson, 89, Finnish diplomat and journalist, natural causes.
March 9 - Larry Martin, 69, American paleontologist, heart attack.
March 10 - Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, 97, Welsh-born member of the Swedish royal family, stroke.
March 11 - Mitchell Melton, 69, American politician, prostate cancer.
March 12 - Clive Burr, 56, British drummer, multiple sclerosis.
March 13 - Malachi Throne, 84, American actor, lung cancer.
March 13 - Ducky Detweiler, 94, American baseball player, natural causes.
March 14 - Mirja Hietamies, 82, Finnish cross-country skier, natural causes.
March 14 - Ieng Sary, 87, Vietnamese-born Cambodian politician and co-founder of the Khmer Rouge, heart failure.
March 14 - Jack Greene, 83, American country music singer, Alzheimer's disease.
March 15 - Booth Gardner, 76, American politician and 19th Governor of Washington, Parkinson's disease.
March 16 - José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, 87, Argentine economist, natural causes.
March 16 - Marina Solodkin, 60, Russian-born Israeli politician, stroke.
March 16 - Frank Thornton, 92, British actor, natural causes.
March 17 - Mitchell Hooks, 89, American artist and illustrator, natural causes.
March 18 - Muhammad Mahmood Alam, 77, Pakistani general and flying ace, illness.
March 19 - Holger Juul Hansen, 88, Danish actor, natural causes.
March 19 - Irina Petrescu, 71, Romanian actress, cancer.
March 20 - Zillur Rahman, 84, President of Bangladesh since 2009, lung infection.
March 20 - James Herbert, 69, English writer of horror fiction, heart attack.
March 20 - George Lowe, 89, New Zealand mountaineer and last-surviving member of the 1953 Mount Everest expedition.
March 21 - Robert Nichols, 88, American character actor, heart failure.
March 21 - Elsie Thompson, 113, American supercentenarian, heart failure.
March 21 - Pietro Mennea, 60, Italian sprinter and politician, after long illness.
March 21 - Chinua Achebe, 82, Nigerian novelist, poet and academic, after short-illness.
March 22 - Bebo Valdés, 94, Cuban pianist, composer and bandleader, Alzheimer's disease.
March 22 - Vladimír Čech, 61, Czech actor, television presenter and politician, colon cancer and pneumonia.
March 22 - Derek Watkins, 68, British trumpeter, cancer.
March 23 - Boris Berezovsky, 67, Russian businessman and mathematician, suicide by hanging.
March 23 - Joe Weider, 93, American trainer, bodybuilder, and personality, heart failure.
March 23 - Virgil Trucks, 95, American baseball player, natural causes.
March 24 - Inge Lønning, 75, Norwegian theologian, educator, and politician, illness.
March 24 - Gury Marchuk, 87, Russian scientist, natural causes.
March 25 - Anthony Lewis, 85, American journalist, kidney and heart failure.
March 25 - Lou Sleater, 86, American baseball player, lung disease.
March 26 - Jerzy Nowak, 89, Polish actor, natural causes.
March 26 - Don Payne, 48, American television writer and screenwriter, bone cancer.
March 26 - Sukumari, 74, Indian actress, heart attack caused by burn injuries.
March 27 - Hjalmar Andersen, 90, Norwegian speed skater, complications from a fall.
March 28 - Manuel García Ferré, 83, Spanish-Argentine cartoonist, complications of heart surgery.
March 28 - Boris Strel, 53, Slovenian skier, suicide.
March 28 - Richard Griffiths, 65, British actor, complications from heart surgery.
March 29 - Ralph Klein, 70, Canadian politician, COPD and dementia.
March 29 - Brian Huggins, 81, British-Canadian journalist and actor, heart attack.
March 30 - Valeri Zolotukhin, 71, Russian actor, brain tumor.
March 30 - Phil Ramone, 79, South African-born American record producer, brain aneurism.
March 30 - Bob Turley, 82, American baseball player, liver cancer.
March 31 - Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, 95, Iranian political activist and politician, natural causes.
April 1 - Nicolae Martinescu, 73, Romanian wrestler, heart failure.
April 1 - William H. Ginsburg, 70, American lawyer, Monica Lewinsky's lawyer during Bill Clinton's lawsuit, cancer.
April 1 - Moses Blah, 65, Liberian politician and President of Liberia (2003), heart failure.
April 1 - Bob Smith, 82, American baseball player, heart attack.
April 2 - Jesús Franco, 82, Spanish movie maker, director, writer, cinematographer and actor, complications from a stroke.
April 2 - Milo O'Shea, 86, Irish actor, short-illness.
April 2 - Jane Henson, 78, American puppeteer and co-founder of The Muppets, cancer.
April 2 - Maria Redaelli, 113, Italian supercentenarian, natural causes.
April 3 - Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, 85, German-born novelist, short story writer and screenwriter, pulmonary failure.
April 3 - Mariví Bilbao, 83, Spanish actress, natural causes.
April 3 - Jean Sincere, 93, American actress, natural causes.
April 4 – Roger Ebert, 70, American movie critic and television host for At the Movies, thyroid cancer.
April 4 - Carmine Infantino, 87, American comic book artist and editor, natural causes.
April 4 - Basil Copper, 89, British writer, Alzheimer's disease.
April 5 - Regina Bianchi, 92, Italian stage actress, natural causes.
April 6 - Bigas Luna, 67, Spanish movie maker, cancer.
April 6 - Miguel Poblet, 85, Spanish racing cyclist, renal failure.
April 7 - Neil Smith, 59, Australian rock and roll musician, cancer.
April 7 - Lilly Pulitzer, 81, American fashion designer, natural causes.
April 7 - Les Blank, 77, American documentary movie maker, bladder cancer.
April 8 - Sara Montiel, 85, Spanish actress and singer.
April 8 - Richard Brooker, 58, British actor and stuntman.
April 8 - Annette Funicello, 70, American actress and singer, multiple sclerosis.
April 8 - Margaret Thatcher, 87, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990), stroke.
April 8 - Yasuhiro Yamada, 45, Japanese footballer.
April 8 - José Luis Sampedro, 96, Spanish writer, humorist, and economist, natural causes.
April 8 - William Royer, 92, American politician, natural causes.
April 9 - Zao Wou Ki, 93, Chinese-born French artist, natural causes.
April 9 - Paolo Soleri, 93, Italian architect, natural causes.
April 9 - David Hayes, 82, American sculptor, leukemia.
April 10 - Robert Edwards, 87, British Nobel Prize-winning physiologist and IVF pioneer, lung illness.
April 11 - Maria Tallchief, 88, American prima ballerina, complications from a fall.
April 11 - Grady Hatton, 90, American baseball player and manager, natural causes.
April 11 - Jonathan Winters, 87, American comedian and actor, natural causes.
April 12 - Ya'akov Yosef, 66, Israeli rabbi and politician, cancer.
April 13 - Frank Bank, 71, American actor.
April 13 - Chi Cheng, 42, American bassist (Deftones), complications of injuries sustained in a vehicle accident.
April 14 - P. B. Sreenivas, 82, Indian singer, heart attack.
April 14 - Rentarō Mikuni, 90, Japanese actor and movie director, heart failure.
April 14 - Colin Davis, 85, British conductor, short illness.
April 14 - Charlie Wilson, 70, American politician, stroke.
April 14 - Armando Villanueva, 97, former Prime Minister of Peru, natural causes.
April 15 - Richard Collins, 66, Canadian actor, heart attack.
April 15 - Richard LeParmentier, 66, British-American actor and scriptwriter, heart attack.
April 15 - Sal Castro, 79, American activist and teacher, thyroid cancer.
April 16 - Pat Summerall, 82, American football player, cardiac arrest.
April 16 - George Beverly Shea, 104, Canadian-American gospel singer, stroke.
April 16 - Jack Daniels, 85, American baseball player.
April 16 - Pentti Lund, 87, Finnish-Canadian ice hockey player, short-illness.
April 17 - T. K. Ramamoorthy, 91, Indian composer and violinist, short illness.
April 17 - Anne Firestone Ball, 79, American philanthropist, complications from burn injuries.
April 17 - Sir Steuart Pringle, 84, British army general.
April 18 - Storm Thorgerson, 69, British graphic designer, cancer.
April 18 - Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, Chechen-born American suspect in the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, shot.
April 19 - Francois Jacob, 92, French Nobel Prize-winning biologist.
April 19 - Mike Denness, 72, Scottish cricketer, cancer.
April 19 - Al Neuharth, 89, American businessman, columnist and author, founder of USA Today, complications from a fall.
April 19 - Allan Arbus, 95, American actor, heart failure.
April 20 - Patrick Garland, 78, English theatre producer and director, actor, and writer.
April 20 - Huang Wenyong, 60, Singaporean actor, lymphoma.
April 20 - Nosher Powell, 84, British actor, stuntman, and boxer, natural causes.
April 20 - Deanna Durbin, 91, Canadian singer and actress.
April 21 - Chrissy Amphlett, 53, Australian singer, breast cancer.
April 21 - Shakuntala Devi, 84, Indian mathematician and prodigy mental calculator, heart attack.
April 22 - Richie Havens, 72, American folk singer and guitarist, heart attack.
April 23 - Kathryn Wasserman Davis, 106, American philanthropist, natural causes.
April 23 - Robert W. Edgar, 69, American politician and executive, heart attack.
April 24 - Larry Felser, 80, American sports journalist and columnist.
April 25 - Johnny Lockwood, 92, British-Australian actor, natural causes.
April 25 - Anna Proclemer, 89, Italian actress, natural causes.
April 25 - Lembit Vahesaar, 77, Estonian chess player, heart failure.
April 26 - William L. Guy, 93, American politician, Governor of North Dakota (19611973), Alzheimer's disease.
April 26 - George Jones, 81, American country music singer, hypoxic respiratory failure.
April 27 - Mary Thom, 68, American magazine executive editor (Ms.), traffic collision.
April 27 - Mutula Kilonzo, 65, Kenyan senator and senior counsel.
April 27 - Aída Bortnik, 75, Argentine screenwriter.
April 28 - János Starker, 88, Hungarian-American cellist, natural causes.
April 29 - Richard Barry, 93, Irish politician, TD for Cork East (1953 – 1981).
April 30 - Roberto Chabet, 76, Filipino artist.
April 30 - Andrew J. Offutt, 78, American science fiction author, cirrhosis.
April 30 - Mike Gray, 77, American documentary movie maker, screenwriter and author.
May 1 - Chris Kelly, 34, American rapper (Kris Kross), drug-overdose.
May 2 - Ivan Turina, 32, Croatian footballer, suspected heart failure.
May 2 - Jeff Hanneman, 49, American guitarist (Slayer), liver failure.
May 3 - Brad Drewett, 54, Australian tennis player and executive chairman, motor neurone disease.
May 3 - Larry Shafer, 67, American Ohio National Guardsman acquitted over Kent State University shootings, complications from surgery.
May 3 - Joe Astroth, 90, American baseball player, natural causes.
May 4 - Otis R. Bowen, 95, American politician and 44th Governor of Indiana (1973-1981).
May 4 - Christian de Duve, 95, Belgian biochemist and Nobel Prize winner, assisted suicide.
May 4 - César Portillo de la Luz, 90, Cuban composer and interpreter.
May 4 - Mario Machado, 78, American news anchor, journalist and actor, pneumonia.
May 5 - Sarah Kirsch, 78, German poet and writer, after short illness.
May 5 - Ishaq Hajwane, 85, Indian convicted terrorist (1993 Bombay bombings), multiple organ failure.
May 6 - Giulio Andreotti, 94, former Prime Minister of Italy (1972–1973, 1976–1979, 1989–1992), respiratory complications.
May 7 - Ray Harryhausen, 92, American stop-motion animator, natural causes.
May 7 - Aubrey Woods, 85, British actor.
May 8 - Jeanne Cooper, 84, American actress, infection.
May 8 - Dallas Willard, 77, American author and philosopher, cancer.
May 8 - Bryan Forbes, 86, British actor, and movie director, long-illness.
May 9 - George M. Leader, 95, American politician and Governor of Pennsylvania (1955–1959), natural causes.
May 9 - Malcolm Shabazz, 28, American Islamist, grandson of Malcolm X, thrown off building following a robbery.
May 9 - Alfredo Landa, 80, Spanish actor.
May 10 - Barbara Callcott, Australian actress.
May 11 - Vincent Dowling, 83, Irish theatre director.
May 12 - Constantino Romero, 65, Spanish voice actor, television and radio host, neurodegenerative disease.
May 12 - Gerd Langguth, 66, German politician, writer, educator and political scientist.
May 13 - Joyce Brothers, 85, American psychologist, writer and actress, respiratory failure.
May 13 - Kenneth Waltz, 88, American political scientist.
May 14 - Chuck Muncie, 60, American football player, heart attack.
May 15 - Fred White, 76, American sports broadcaster, complications of melanoma.
May 15 - Henrique Rosa, 67, Guinea-Bissau politician, President (2003–2005), lung cancer.
May 16 - Heinrich Rohrer, 79, Swiss Nobel Prize-winning physicist.
May 16 - Paul Shane, 72, British actor and comedian, illness.
May 16 - Dick Trickle, 71, American race car driver (NASCAR), suicide by gunshot.
May 17 - Jorge Rafael Videla, 87, Argentine military leader and politician, President (1976–1981), complications from a fall.
May 17 - Peter Schulz, 83, German politician, Mayor of Hamburg (1971-1974).
May 17 - Philippe Gaumont, 40, French racing cyclist, heart attack.
May 17 - Alan O'Day, 72, American singer and songwriter, brain cancer.
May 18 - Steve Forrest, 87, American actor, natural causes.
May 18 - Jo Benkow, 88, Norwegian writer and politician, President of the Parliament (1985–1993), natural causes.
May 18 - Nam Duck-woo, 89, former Prime Minister of South Korea, testicular cancer.
May 19 - Bella Flores, 84, Filipino actress, complications from hip surgery.
May 20 - Ray Manzarek, 74, American musician and singer (The Doors), bile duct cancer.
May 21 - Trevor Bolder, 62, British musician, cancer.
May 21 - Mohammad Khaled Hossain, 34, Bangladeshi mountaineer, climbing accident.
May 21 - Dominique Venner, 78, French historian, journalist and essayist, suicide by gunshot.
May 22 - Richard Thorp, 81, English actor.
May 22 - Henri Dutilleux, 97, French composer, natural causes.
May 23 - Georges Moustaki, 79, French singer and composer, after long illness.
May 23 - James Sisnett, 113, Barbadian supercentenarian and second-oldest living man, natural causes.
May 24 - Pyotr Todorovsky, 87, Ukrainian-born Russian movie director, screenwriter, and cinematographer, heart attack.
May 24 - Ed Shaughnessy, 84, American drummer, heart attack.
May 24 - Elsa Bornemann, 61, Argentine children's writer.
May 24 - John "Mule" Miles, 90, American Negro League baseball player, natural causes.
May 24 - Haynes Johnson, 81, American journalist, winner of Pulitzer Prize (1996), heart attack.
May 25 - T. M. Soundararajan, 91, Indian playback singer, illness.
May 26 - Jack Vance, 96, American fantasy, mystery and science fiction writer, natural causes.
May 26 - Otto Muehl, 87, Austrian painter and activist, Parkinson's disease and heart disease.
May 27 - Bill Pertwee, 86, British radio and television actor (Dad's Army) and author, natural causes.
May 27 - Nazmiye Demirel, 86, Turkish first lady, wife of Süleyman Demirel, Alzheimer's disease.
May 28 - Viktor Kulikov, 91, Russian military officer, illness.
May 28 - Eddie Romero, 88, Filipino movie director, blood clot and prostate cancer.
May 29 - Henry Morgentaler, 90, Polish-Canadian physician, abortion advocate and Holocaust survivor, heart attack.
May 29 - Irénise Moulonguet, 112, French supercentenarian and oldest living person in France, natural causes.
May 29 - Mulgrew Miller, 57, American jazz pianist.
May 29 - Franca Rame, 84, Italian theatre actress, playwright and political activist, short illness.
May 29 - Andrew Greeley, 85, American priest and author, complications from brain injuries.
May 30 - Vina Mazumdar, 86, Indian academic and women's activist, lung tumour.
May 30 - Dean Brooks, 96, American physician and actor, natural causes.
May 31 - Abir Goswami, 37, Indian television actor, heart attack.
May 31 - Jean Stapleton, 90, American actress, natural causes.
June 1 - Sigbjørn Rafdal, 48, Norwegian cyclist, race collision.
June 1 - Ian P. Howard, 85, Canadian psychologist, cancer.
June 1 - Hanfried Lenz, 97, German mathematician, natural causes.
June 1 - James Kelleher, 82, Canadian politician, MP for Sault Ste.
Marie (19841988), member of Canadian Senate (19902005), heart failure.
June 2 - Virginia Waring, 97, American classical pianist, widow of Fred Waring.
June 2 - Chen Xitong, 84, Chinese politician, Mayor of Beijing (1983–1993).
June 3 - Frank Lautenberg, 89, American politician, United States Senator from New Jersey, viral pneumonia.
June 3 - Jiah Khan, 25, American-born British-Indian actress, suicide by hanging.
June 3 - Deacon Jones, 74, American Pro Football Hall of Fame football player (Los Angeles Rams), natural causes.
June 3 - Atul Chitnis, 51, German-born Indian IT specialist, open source advocate and editor, intestinal cancer.
June 4 - S. Shamsuddin, 84, Singaporean actor, long-illness.
June 5 - Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, 80, Irish republican politician, President of Sinn Féin (1970-1983), short-illness.
June 5 - Gloria O'Connor, 84, American actress, natural causes.
June 5 - Stanislaw Nagy, 91, Polish cardinal, natural causes.
June 6 - Tom Sharpe, 85, British author, complications from diabetes.
June 6 - Jerome Karle, 94, American physical chemist, liver cancer.
June 6 - Maxine Stuart, 94, American actress, natural causes.
June 6 - Esther Williams, 91, American swimmer, businesswoman, and actress, natural causes.
June 6 - Elaine Laron, 83, American songwriter and lyricist, pneumonia.
June 6 - Eugen Merzbacher, 92, German–born American physicist, natural causes.
June 6 - Malcolm Todd, 73, British historian and archaeologist, illness.
June 7 - Pierre Mauroy, 84, French politician, former Prime Minister of France, lung cancer.
June 7 - Richard Ramirez, 53, American serial killer ("Night Stalker"), liver failure.
June 8 - Willi Sitte, 92, German painter, natural causes.
June 8 - Paul Cellucci, 65, American politician, 69th Governor of Massachusetts and former Ambassador to Canada, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
June 8 - Yoram Kaniuk, 83, Israeli writer, painter, journalist and theatre critic, cancer.
June 8 - Taufiq Kiemas, 70, Indonesian politician, husband of former President of Indonesia Megawati Sukarnoputri, heart attack.
June 9 - Harry Lewis, 93, American actor (Key Largo) and restaurateur, natural causes.
June 9 - Iain Banks, 59, Scottish novelist, gallbladder cancer.
June 9 - Walter Jens, 90, German philologist, literature historian, professor and writer, dementia.
June 10 - Enrique Orizaola, 91, Spanish footballer.
June 10 - Barbara Vucanovich, 91, American politician, Member of the United States House of Representatives, natural causes.
June 11 - Evelyn Kozak, 113, American supercentenarian, 7th oldest verified person in the world, heart attack.
June 11 - Luo Meizhen, 127?,
Chinese oldest person unverified claimant, natural causes.
June 11 - Robert Fogel, 86, American economic historian, winner of Nobel Prize in Economics, short-illness.
June 11 - Henry Cecil, 70, British racehorse trainer, stomach cancer.
June 12 - Jiroemon Kimura, 116, Japanese supercentenarian, world's oldest man, natural causes.
June 13 - Kenji Utsumi, 75, Japanese voice actor, cancerous peritonitis.
June 13 - Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi, 41, Saudi footballer, cardiac arrest.
June 14 - Al Green, 57, American professional wrestler, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
June 14 - Gene Mako, 97, American tennis player, natural causes.
June 15 - José Froilán González, 90, Argentine racing driver, respiratory failure.
June 15 - Manivannan, 58, Indian actor and director, heart attack.
June 15 - Heinz Flohe, 65, German footballer, complications from a stroke.
June 15 - Stan Lopata, 87, American baseball player (Philadelphia Phillies), heart failure.
June 15 - Peride Celal, 97, Turkish author, natural causes.
June 15 - Kenneth G. Wilson, 77, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner, lymphoma.
June 16 - Ottmar Walter, 89, German footballer, complications from Alzheimer's disease.
June 16 - Josip Kuže, 60, Croatian footballer and manager.
June 16 - Bernard Sahlins, 90, American comedy writer and theater owner, founder of The Second City, natural causes.
June 17 - James Holshouser, 78, American politician, Governor of North Carolina (19731977), heart failure.
June 17 - Mitsue Nagasaki, 113, Japanese supercentenarian, 7th oldest person in the world, natural causes.
June 18 - Michael Hastings, 33, American journalist, traffic collision.
June 19 - Slim Whitman, 90, American country music singer-songwriter, heart failure.
June 19 - Gyula Horn, 80, Hungarian politician, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998).
June 19 - Vince Flynn, 47, American author, prostate cancer.
June 19 - Michael Baigent, 65, New Zealand author, brain haemorrhage.
June 19 - James Gandolfini, 51, American actor (The Sopranos), heart attack.
June 20 - Jean-Louis Scherrer, 78, French fashion designer.
June 20 - Jeffrey Smart, 91, Australian artist, renal failure.
June 20 - Ingvar Rydell, 91, Swedish footballer, natural causes.
June 21 - Dame Barbara Goodman, 80, New Zealand politician.
June 22 - Wendy Saddington, 64, Australian jazz and blues singer (Chain), esophageal cancer.
June 22 - Allan Simonsen, 34, Danish racing driver, racing accident during 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans.
June 22 - Henning Larsen, 87, Danish architect, natural causes.
June 22 - Robert O. Cox, 95, American politician, Mayor of Fort Lauderdale (19861991), natural causes.
June 22 - Beverly Fawell, 82, American politician, chronic heart failure.
June 22 - Gary David Goldberg, 68, American television screenwriter and producer, brain cancer.
June 23 - Frank Stranahan, 90, American golfer, natural causes.
June 23 - Peter Fraser, Baron Fraser of Carmyllie, 68, Scottish politician and advocate, heart attack.
June 23 - Frank Kelso, 79, American military officer, Chief of Naval Operations (19901994), complications from a fall.
June 23 - Bobby Bland, 83, American blues and soul singer, illness.
June 23 - Richard Matheson, 87, American author and screenwriter (I Am Legend), long illness.
June 24 - Jackie Fargo, 85, American professional wrestler, complications from pneumonia.
June 24 - Emilio Colombo, 93, Italian politician and former Prime Minister of Italy, natural causes.
June 24 - William Hathaway, 89, American politician, member of the US House (19651973) and US Senate for Maine (19731979), natural causes.
June 25 - Lau Kar-leung, 76, Chinese-Hong Kong martial artist, action choreographer and movie director, lymphatic cancer.
June 25 - Robert E. Gilka, 96, American photographer and news executive, Director of Photography for National Geographic, complications of pneumonia.
June 25 - Jim Hudson, 70, American football player (New York Jets), traumatic dementia encephalophathy.
June 25 - Harry Parker, 77, American Olympic rower (1960) and Olympic rowing coach (USRowing, Harvard University), myelodysplastic syndrome.
June 25 - Uma Shivakumar, 71, Indian actress, multiple organ failure.
June 26 - James Liu, 91, Chinese-born Australian community activist, natural causes.
June 26 - Marc Rich, 78, Belgian-born American tax evader, commodities trader and illegal oil broker (Iran Hostage Crisis), stroke.
June 26 - Kimberly McCarthy, 52, American criminal, execution by lethal injection.
June 26 - Bert Stern, 83, American photographer, heart attack.
June 27 - Stefano Borgonovo, 49, Italian footballer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
June 27 - Alain Mimoun, 92, French long-distance runner and Olympic champion.
June 28 - Peter Lehmann, 82, Australian vineyard owner and vintner, kidney disease.
June 28 - Yiye Ávila, 87, Puerto Rican-American televangelist, heart attack.
June 29 - Margherita Hack, 91, Italian astrophysicist and popular science writer, suspected heart failure.
June 29 - Jim Kelly, 67, American martial artist and actor, cancer.
June 30 - Andrea Mamé, 41, Italian race car driver and entrepreneur, race collision.
June 30 - Paul Mulcahy, Irish rally driver, race collision.
July 1 - Maureen Waaka, 70, New Zealand politician and pageant contestant, complications from a stroke.
July 1 - Charles Foley, 82, American toy and board game inventor (Twister), Alzheimer's disease.
July 1 - William H. Gray, 71, American politician, member of the U.S. House for Pennsylvania (19781991), natural causes.
July 2 - Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt, 91, Egyptian royal, Queen of Iran (19411948), natural causes.
July 2 - Paul Jenkins, 74, American television actor (The Waltons), short-illness.
July 2 - Douglas Engelbart, 88, American scientist, inventor of the computer mouse, kidney failure.
July 3 - Radu Vasile, 70, Romanian politician, historian and poet, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999) and Parliament of Romania (1992–2004), colon cancer.
July 4 - Jack Crompton, 91, English footballer, natural causes.
July 4 - Mahasundari Devi, 82, Indian artist, heart failure.
July 4 - Bernie Nolan, 52, Irish singer (The Nolans) and actress, breast cancer.
July 4 - Onllwyn Brace, 80, Welsh rugby union player, illness.
July 4 - Innocent Lotocky, 97, American bishop in the Ukrainian Catholic Church, natural causes.
July 5 - Hue Hollins, 70, American basketball referee for the National Basketball Association.
July 5 - Dave Cargo, 84, American politician, Governor of New Mexico (19671971) and House of Representatives (19631967), complications from a stroke.
July 5 - Jean Guy, 90, American spouse, First Lady of North Dakota (1961-1973), wife of William L. Guy, stroke.
July 5 - James McCoubrey, 111, Canadian-born American supercentenarian, was the oldest living man (June 2013-July 2013), pneumonia.
July 6 - David Johnson, 67, British horse owner (Comply or Die), cancer.
July 6 - Douglas Dayton, 88, American retail executive, founder of Target Corporation, cancer.
July 7 - Michael Mastromarino, 49, American illegal body parts harvester, bone cancer.
July 7 - Joe Conley, 85, American actor (The Waltons), complications from dementia.
July 7 - Anna Wing, 98, British actress (EastEnders), natural causes.
July 8 - Dick Gray, 81, American baseball player, heart failure.
July 8 - Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti, 66, Iraqi intelligence officer, half brother of Saddam Hussein, cancer.
July 8 - Nadezhda Popova, 91, Russian military pilot, presented Hero of the Soviet Union for service during World War II, natural causes.
July 8 - Edmund Morgan, 97, American historian and author, natural causes.
July 9 - Princess Marsi Paribatra, 81, Thai royal and artist, illness.
July 9 - Markus Büchel, 54, Liechtenstein politician, Prime Minister (1993), heart attack.
July 9 - Masao Yoshida, 58, Japanese nuclear engineer, esophageal cancer.
July 10 - Concha García Campoy, 54, Spanish radio and television journalist, liver failure caused by leukemia.
July 10 - Andrea Veneracion, 84, Filipina singer, stroke.
July 11 - Zeb Alley, 84, American politician, member of the North Carolina Senate (19711973), recipient of Bronze Star Medal, heart failure.
July 12 - Amar Bose, 83, American audio executive, founder of Bose Corporation, heart attack.
July 12 - Alan Whicker, 87, British broadcaster and journalist, bronchopneumonia.
July 12 - Pran, 93, Indian actor, pneumonia.
July 13 - Cory Monteith, 31, Canadian actor (Glee) and singer, apparent drug-overdose.
July 14 - Matt Batts, 91, American baseball player (Boston Red Sox), natural causes.
July 14 - Dennis Burkley, 67, American actor (King of the Hill), heart attack.
July 15 - Noël Lee, 88, Chinese-born American and French classical pianist and composer, complications from a fall.
July 16 - Talia Castellano, 13, American makeup artist, cancer.
July 16 - T-Model Ford, 93, American blues musician, respiratory failure.
July 17 - Said Ali al-Shihri, 39, Saudi Arabian militant, deputy leader of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, drone strike.
July 17 - Vincenzo Cerami, 72, Italian screenwriter, cancer.
July 18 - Nobuyuki Aihara, 78, Japanese gymnast, heart failure.
July 18 - Samar Mukherjee, 100, Indian politician, MP for Howrah (19711984), Senator (19861993), West Bengal MLA for Howrah (19571971), respiratory failure.
July 19 - Bert Trautmann, 89, German-born British footballer and manager (Manchester City), heart failure.
July 19 - Mel Smith, 60, British comedian, actor and director, heart attack.
July 19 - Simon Pimenta, 93, Indian cardinal, natural causes.
July 20 - Helen Thomas, 92, American journalist, natural causes.
July 21 - Denys de La Patellière, 92, French movie director and novelist, natural causes.
July 22 - Lawrie Reilly, 84, Scottish footballer, illness.
July 22 - Dennis Farina, 69, American actor (Law & Order, Saving Private Ryan), pulmonary embolism.
July 23 - Rona Anderson, 86, Scottish actress, natural causes.
July 23 - Jokichi Igarashi, 111, Japanese supercentenarian, oldest man in the world, natural causes.
July 23 - Emile Griffith, 75, US Virgin Islander boxer, middleweight and welterweight champion, complications from dementia.
July 23 - Djalma Santos, 84, Brazilian footballer, pneumonia.
July 24 - Derek Percy, 64, Australian murderer, longest-serving prisoner in Victoria, cancer.
July 24 - Fred Dretske, 80, American philosopher and epistemologist, heart failure.
July 25 - Virginia E. Johnson, 88, American sexologist (Masters & Johnson) and psychologist, natural causes.
July 25 - Mark Corwin, 65, American Emmy Award-winning game show director (Wheel of Fortune), cancer.
July 25 - Bernadette Lafont, 74, French actress, cardiac arrest.
July 25 - Mohamed Brahmi, 58, Tunisian politician and opposition leader, MP for Movement of the People (since 2011), shot.
July 25 - Walter De Maria, 77, American sculptor (The Lightning Field), stroke.
July 25 - Steve Berrios, 68, American Latin jazz drummer, heart attack.
July 26 - JJ Cale, 74, American Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter and musician, heart attack.
July 26 - George P. Mitchell, 94, American businessman, real estate developer, and pioneer of shale gas technology, natural causes.
July 27 - Lindy Boggs, 97, American politician, member of the US House for Louisiana (19731991), Ambassador to the Vatican (19972001), natural causes.
July 27 - Henryk Baranowski, 70, Polish actor, illness.
July 27 - Jon Leyne, 55, British journalist (BBC), brain tumour.
July 27 - Sékou Camara, 27, Malian footballer (Pelita Bandung Raya), heart attack.
July 28 - Ersilio Tonini, 99, Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, natural causes.
July 28 - Eileen Brennan, 80, American actress, bladder cancer.
July 28 - Mustafa Adrisi, 91, Ugandan military officer and politician, Vice President (19771978), natural causes.