the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Highways in Greece are the most significant roads of the country.
There are 10 most significant highways.
(PAThE Motorway): The highway that connects the capital Athens with the second biggest city Thessaloniki and the MK border at Evzoni.
(Egnatia Odos): The highway that connects the west gate, the port of Igoumenitsa with the east one, the Greek-Turkish Borders at Evros river.
(Central Greece Motorway): The highway that connects the major cities of Thessaly region, starting at Grevena and ending at Lamia.
The highway that connects the city of Larissa and the city of Trikala at Thessaly region
(Ionia Odos): The highway that traverses all the Western Greece, Starting at Ioaninna and ends at Kalamata at Pelloponnese.
(Attiki Odos): The metropolitan ring road of Athens
(Moreas Motoerway): The highway that connects the city of Corinth with the city of Kalamata, traversing all the Central Pelloponnese.
(Olympia Odos): The highway that connects the capital Athens with the third biggest city Patra.
(Olympia Odos): The highway that connects the city of Patra with the city of Pyrgos at Western Pelloponesse.
(BOAK Motorway): The highway that traverses all the island of Crete, connecting the cities of Chania, Rethimno, Hrakleion, Agios Nikolaos, ending at Siteia.
El Dorado is a neighborhood in northeast Houston, Texas, United States.
The site of a halfway house, El Dorado had the highest amount of convicted felons per resident of all of the Houston neighborhoods in 2007.
The Abilene Eagles were a West Texas League minor league baseball team.
They were based in Abilene, Texas, USA from 1920 to 1922,.
They won the league championship in both 1920 and 1921.
The team managers for those years were Bugs Young and Ed Kizziar (1920) and Grady White and Hub Northen (1921).
They finished in sixth place in 1922.
The league folded following the 1922 season, and the Eagles followed suit.
1920s disestablishments in the United States
Disestablishments in Texas
Fairchild was born in Granville, New York.
He moved to Hudson, Ohio and became a merchant.
Later he would move to Franklin Mills, Ohio for a short time.
While there he operated a tannery before moving to Cleveland around 1834.
He then moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1845 and then to Madison, Wisconsin.
Fairchild had a business working with cranberries and the lumber industry.
He was also president of a railroad.
From 1848 to 1852, Fairchild was the first State Treasurer of the State of Wisconsin.
In 1856 he was elected the first Mayor of the city of Madison, Wisconsin.
Two of his sons Cassius, and Lucius were also active in Wisconsin politics.
Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897  17 March 1956) was a French scientist.
She won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935 with her husband, Frédéric Joliot.
Curie was the daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie
Curie started her studies at the Faculty of Science in Paris.
During World War I, she served as a radiographer.
Curie became Doctor of Science in 1925.
She did her thesis on the alpha rays of polonium.
During World War I (1914-1918), she helped her mother using X-ray technology in military hospitals.
She helped train radiological workers.
Curie then graduated from the Sorbonne in Paris.
She earned a degree for work on radioactivity in polonium in 1925.
Curie did important work on radioactivity, transmutation of elements, and nuclear physics.
Curie and her husband won the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their creation of new radioactive elements.
This work was written about in their paper "Production artificielle d'éléments radioactifs.
Preuve chimique de la transmutation des éléments" (1934).
In 1938, she researched the action of neutrons on the heavy elements.
This was an important part of the discovery of the nuclear fission of uranium.
Curie became Professor in the Faculty of Science in Paris in 1937.
She became Director of the Radium Institute in 1946.
After six years as a Commissioner for Atomic Energy, Curie took part in the construction of the first French atomic pile in 1948.
Its construction was continued after her death by her husband.
Curie was born in Paris.
Marie and Pierre Curie were her parents.
In 1926, Curie married Frédéric Joliot-Curie, a French physical chemist.
He joined Curie’s Radium Institute in 1925.
In 1934, they discovered that they that could make stable elements radioactive.
Curie and Joliot had a son and a daughter.
Curie was also interested in social and intellectual advancement of women.
In 1936, she became the Undersecretary of State for Scientific Research.
Ringmaster (circus), the leader of a circus performance
Ringleader (comics), a fictional character from Marvel Comics
Ringleader of the Tormentors, an album by the singer Morrissey
Ringmaster (disambiguation)
Lucius Fox is a fictional Batman character who helps Batman with equipment and is the manager of Wayne Enterprises.
He gives Batman all of the equipment or his financing operations that he needs.
He is one of the few people to known Batman's secret identity.
He is played by Morgan Freeman in Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and in The Dark Knight Rises.
Brock Peters was his voice actor in Batman: The Animated Series.
Kevin Michael Richardson also makes his voice in some animated movies.
Commissioner James Gordon is a fictional Batman character who is the police commissioner of Gotham City and is a fellow ally of Batman who gives him all of his missions and criminals to capture or question.
In some cases, Gordon doesn't know Batman's identity, in other cases he does.
He is the father of Barbara Gordon, who is secretly Batgirl.
As the police commissioner of Gotham City, Gordon shares Batman's deep commitment to stop the city of crime.
The character is typically portrayed as having full trust in Batman and is even somewhat dependent on him.
In many modern stories, he is somewhat skeptical of Batman's vigilante methods, but nevertheless believes that Gotham needs him.
He was played by Lyle Talbot in Batman shows, Neil Hamilton in Batman, Bob Hastings made his voice in Batman: The Animated Series, he was played by Pat Hingle in four Batman movies; Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, and in Batman & Robin, and he was recently played by Gary Oldman in The Dark Knight Trilogy; Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and in The Dark Knight Rises.
He was voiced by Ray Wise in Batman: The Killing Joke and by Héctor Elizondo in The Lego Batman Movie.
He was played by J. K. Simmons in the 2017 movie Justice League and Batgirl.
He will be played by Jeffrey Wright in the 2022 movie The Batman.
Alfred Pennyworth is a fictional character.
He is Batman's loyal butler and assistant who helps him complete his missions.
He took care of Bruce Wayne when he was a child after his parents were killed.
Pennyworth gives Batman all the information he needs and the location where villains are held at.
He has a British accent.
He was played by Alan Napier and by Ian Abercrombie in television shows.
He was voiced by Clive Revill and by Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. in Batman: The Animated Series and was voiced by Ralph Fiennes in The Lego Batman Movie.
In 2016, he was voiced by Brian George in Batman: The Killing Joke.
In movies, he was played by Michael Gough, Sir Michael Caine, and Jeremy Irons, and will soon be played by Andy Serkis.
Bane is a fictional Batman character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.
Created by Chuck Dixon, Doug Moench, and Graham Nolan, he made his debut in Batman: Vengeance of Bane #1 (January 1993).
Bane is a supervillain who appears in the Batman comics.
He is physically strong and wears a Mexican wrestlers mask.
He has a tube that connects from his body to a chemical tank that is strapped to his suit that keeps him strong.
He is one of Batman's most physical and smarter villains credited to be the only character in comic books who has broken the bat, both physically and mentally.
He is played by Jeep Swanson in Batman & Robin and by Tom Hardy in The Dark Knight Rises.
In Batman & Robin, Bane appears like in the comics with a Mexican wrestling mask, but doesn't talk.
In The Dark Knight Rises, Bane has a mask that only covers the front of his mouth and nose, his eyes can be seen and he had a muffled voice with a Caribbean accent.
Catwoman or Selina Kyle is a fictional Batman character who appears in comic books by DC Comics.
She is sometimes a villain or Batman's assistant in fighting crime.
She is sometimes called "Batman's girlfriend" because of her love-hate with Batman.
Catwoman wears leather clothing and has a whip.
She is played by Lee Meriwether, Julie Newmar, Eartha Kitt, Michelle Pfeiffer, Halle Berry, Anne Hathaway in The Dark Knight Rises, Camren Bicondova in Gotham and will be played by Zoë Kravitz in The Batman.
Ra's al Ghul is a fictional character in the Batman franchise appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.
He is a supervillain, and he was Bruce Wayne's trainer.
He is the leader of the League of Shadows, which is an organization based on correcting the corruption in the world by ways of fear and hostility.
Bruce destroyed their temple after he is made aware of their true intention of destroying Gotham City.
Ghul is one of the smartest and most physically skilled villains in the Batman universe.
He also trained Bane.
Ghul is the father of one of Batman's love interests: Talia al Ghul.
He was played by Liam Neeson and by Ken Watanabe (decoy) in Batman Begins.
Neeson later had a small role as Ra's in The Dark Knight Rises , Talia appears in.
David Warner is his voice actor in Batman: The Animated Series.
Fictional characters introduced in 1971
In 1967, he was transferred back to Lahore, and it is at the Lahore TV studios that he produced his best work.
Khan's first major dramatic success came when he directed the immensely popular rural folk drama Jhok Siyaal (1973).
This was followed by Waris (1978–79) and then a host of hit serials such as Bandaar Jaati aur Mamta, Samandar, Nasheman, Dehleez, Sahil, Lazawaal and others, between the 1980s and 1990s.
Khan retired from active television service in 2004.
He died in Lahore, on 3rd November 2016, after a prolonged illness.
Grant Park is a large city park that is in Chicago, Illinois in the Chicago Loop.
The Park has some special tourist attractions such as Buckingham Fountain, Millennium Park, Cloude Gate, and the Museum Campus that holds many of Chicago's museums.
The Park was originally named Lake Park until it was renamed after the 18th President of the United States and Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant on October 9, 1901.
Lollapalooza Music Festival and Taste of Chicago are held in the Park.
Grant Park: The Night Obama Won  - image slideshow by Life magazine
Parks in Chicago
Buckingham Fountain is a landmark that is in the center of Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois.
The fountain was finished in 1927 and was one of the largest fountains in the world.
The fountain was also one of the first large fountains during that time.
The fountain is in the eastern part from Route 66.
Chicago Landmarks: Clarence Buckingham Memorial Fountain and Garden
Chicago Park District: Buckingham Fountain
Restore Buckingham Fountain
JPL Small-Body Database Browser on 10239 Hermann
Biblical inerrancy is the doctrine that the Bible in its original manuscripts, is accurate and totally free from error. "
Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact".
Some equate inerrancy with infallibility; others do not.
In 1978, 300 scholars and Protestant leaders met in Chicago and produced an agreed statement.
It states the Bible is ' of infallible divine authority in all matters upon which it touches...'.
Most Evangelical Christians agree with this view, but Liberal Christians do not.
There are over 5,600 Greek manuscripts containing all or part of the New Testament, as well as over 10,000 Latin manuscripts, and perhaps 500 other manuscripts in various other languages.
Additionally, there are the Patristic writings which contain copious quotes, across the early centuries, of the scriptures.
Inerrancy is only applied to the original autographs (the manuscripts written by the original authors), rather than the copies.
For instance, the Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy says, "We affirm that inspiration, strictly speaking, applies only to the autographic text of Scripture."
Full text of Chicago statement
Independent Catholic Churches is the name for a few Christian churches which say that they have the traditions of the Catholic Church, but who are not recognised by the Holy See.
Almost all of them say that their bishops have apostolic succession, that is that their legitimacy comes from an apostle.
The first of these churches was the Old Catholic Church, who did not agree that the pope was infallible, in religious matters.
This was agreed at the First Vatican Council in 1870.
Most of the independent Catholic churches split  from the Old Catholic church.
A notable exception is the Society of St. Pius X, a grouping of traditionalist priests, founded in the 1970s.
Communities such as the Eastern Orthodox, the Oriental Orthodox Church, or the Coptic Orthodox Church do not have the problem of recognition, as they are at least partially recognised by the Roman Catholic Church.
Most Independent Catholic Churches were created after 1870.
The Battle of Cambrai was an important battle in the First World War.
It took place near Cambrai, and lasted from 20th November to 7th December 1917.
This battle was the first in the war, where tanks were used on a large scale.
Cambrai was important because it was a railroad hub.
In total, about 95.000 people where killed or captured.
The battle did not result in a gain of territory of either side.
Cambrai lay on the Hindenburg Line.
That part of the Hindenburg line between Arras and Soissons was known as Siegfried Line
Indian Mujahideen is a terrorist group, which has carried out several attacks in India.
The group may be related to Students Islamic Movement of India.
The Student Islamic Movement of India may be involved in several terrorist organisations, and is therefore banned.
Indian Mujahideen said they carried out the Jaipur bombings of 2008.
The leader is Abdul Subhan Qureshi.
Bhopal State (pronounced ) was an independent state of 18th century India.
It was founded in 1723.
It was a princely state of the British Raj from 1818 to 1947.
It was an independent country from 1947 to 1949.
At first, the capital was Islamnagar.
Later the capital moved to the city of Bhopal.
Rule of the Begums
Bhopal was the second largest Muslim state in pre-independence India, after Hyderabad.
Between 1819 and 1926, it was ruled by four women – Begums – unique in the royalty of those days.
Qudsia Begum was the first woman ruler, who was succeeded by her only daughter Sikandar Begum, who in turn was succeeded by her only daughter, Shahjehan Begum.
Jahan Begum was the last woman ruler, who after 25 years of rule, abdicated in favour of her son, Nawab Sir Hamidullah Khan.
The rule of Begums gave the city its waterworks, railways, a postal system and a municipality constituted in 1907.
The peaceful rule of Begums led to the rise of a unique mixed culture in Bhopal.
The Hindus were given important administrative positions in the state.
Cassius Fairchild (December 16, 1829-October 24, 1868) was a Wisconsin businessman, politician, and military officer.
he was born in Franklin Mills, Ohio (now Kent, Ohio).
Fairchild was educated mostly in Ohio.
His father was Jairus C. Fairchild, who was the first Treasurer of Wisconsin and the first Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin.
His brother was Lucius Fairchild, Governor of Wisconsin.
He moved to Wisconsin and managed his family's cranberry and lumber businesses.
He also managed their rental properties.
Fairchild was elected to the Madison, Wisconsin Common Council where he served as president.
He also served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.
At the time of the American Civil War, Fairchild enlisted in the Union Army becoming a colonel in the 16th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment.
Fairchild was badly wounded in the Battle of Shiloh, and eventually died of his wounds.
Political Graveyard: Fairchild
Whiskey Tjukangku is an Australian Aboriginal artist from South Australia.
He paints for Iwantja Arts, the community co-operative at Indulkana on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands.
He is an elder of the Yankunytjatjara people, and a  (traditional healer).
One of his works was chosen as a finalist for the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2012.
His brother, Barney Wangin, is also an artist.
Tjukangku was born around 1939, in the bush near Umuwa in north-western South Australia.
The name "Whiskey" was given to him by one of his friends when he was a young boy.
It is said that Tjukangku took this name because he could not pronounce his own Aboriginal name.
Tjukangku grew up at the mission in Ernabella and at De Rose Hill, a cattle station located along the Stuart Highway.
He never went to school.
As a child, he was taught about working with horses and cattle at De Rose Hill.
By the time he was a teenager, Tjukangku began working for the station as a jackaroo, mustering cattle.
He worked as a stockman for many years, on several stations throughout central Australia.
He worked for a long time on the land of the Arrernte people (in the Northern Territory), which he depicts in many of his works.
When he was older, he moved back south, closer to his homeland (where he and his family were born).
He settled at Indulkana, and has lived there ever since.
Tjukangku was one of the first men to begin painting at Indulkana, and was one of the original members of Iwantja Arts.
In addition to painting, he also does printmaking using the intaglio method (cutting designs into wooden objects).
Beginning in his early 70s, Tjukangku is reported to suffer from dementia.
He still works as a full-time artist, however, and makes an average of one or two artworks per week.
His artworks depict personal reflections on his travels and experiences in the central Australian desert.
It is often just memories, about where he used to work or a place he fondly remembers.
This is different to most traditional Yankunytjatjara artists, who usually paint about their  (Dreaming).
A common motif featured in Tjukangku's artworks is puṉu (wood that is used for making traditional tools and objects).
This is often both his subject and his medium.
Objects in his artworks are often more figurative (realistic) than in most Western Desert art, but still contain elements and shapes that are very clearly abstract.
Tjukangku paints in natural earthy tones, using rich shades of red, browns, ochres and black.
He uses fields and lines of white dots to highlight shapes and movement.
Tjukangku's work has been featured in group shows at major galleries since 2010.
He held his first solo exhibition in April–May 2011, in Alice Springs.
He held a second solo show at the same venue the next year, in July–August 2012.
One of the works exhibited at his first solo show was bought by the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne.
Other works by Tjukangku are held in several of Australia's major private galleries.
Some of his earliest prints are displayed in the South Australian Museum.
is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America and South America to name the Japanese people who immigrated.
The emigrants or immigrants who were born in Japan are called Issei; and their children born in the new country are called Nisei (second generation).
The grandchildren of Issei are called Sansei (third generation).
The character and uniqueness of the Issei is recognized in its social history.
Imigration to Brazil began in 1908.
Today, the community established by the Issei has become the largest Japanese emigrant population outside of Japan, including approximately 1.5 million Brazilians.
Other Issei established themselves in the United States,  Canada,  and Peru.
In the 1930s, the term Issei came into common use.
The word replaced the term "immigrant" (ijusha).
This change in usage mirrored an evolution in the way the Issei looked at themselves.
The label Issei also included the idea of belonging to the new country.
Other terns like Nisei were modeled after this Issei pattern or template.
Cultural profile
The term Nikkei (日系) was created by sociologists in the late 20th century.
The Nikkei include all of the world's Japanese immigrants and their descendants.
The Issei were born in Japan, and their cultural perspective was primarily Japanese; but they were in America by choice.
Their children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren grew up with a national and cultural point-of-view that was different from their parents.
Although the Issei kept an emotional connection with Japan, they created homes in a country far from Japan.
The Issei, Nisei and Sansei generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, and religious practice, and other matters.
Select list of notable Issei
Kan'ichi Asakawa (1873-1948), academic, author, peace advocate, historian and librarian
Makoto Hagiwara ( -1925), made the fortune cookie popular
Mazie Hirono (1947-  ), 1st US Senator born in Japan
Fujitaro Kubota (1879-1973), American Seattle gardener and philanthropist
Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988), American sculptor and landscape architect
Yoko Ono Lennon (1933-  ) artist and musician.
George Masa (1881–1933), activist in creation of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Yoichiro Nambu (1921 - ), American Nobel Prize winner (2008), Physicist
Jokichi Takamine (1854 – 1922), chemist who isolated adrenaline
Japanese American Internment
Japanese American Historical Society
Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
Discover Nikkei
Clavering is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England.
In 2001 there were 1156 people living in Clavering.
It has a church called St Mary & St Clement.
Elmdon is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England.
In 2001 there were 522 people living in Elmdon.
Great Easton is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England.
In 2001 there were 797 people living in Great Easton.
It has a church called St John & St Giles.
is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America and South America to name the children born to Japanese people who immigrated.
The character and uniqueness of the Nisei is recognized in its social history.
Today, the community which grew from the Nisei children has become the largest Japanese emigrant population outside of Japan, including approximately 1.5 million Brazilians.
Other communities of Nisei grew up in the United States,  Canada,  and Peru.
The use of the term Nisei was modeled after an Issei pattern or template.
Their Nisei sons and daughters grew up with a national and cultural point-of-view that was different from their parents.
The Nisei had never known a country other than the one into which they were born.
Select list of notable Nisei
Alberto Fujimori (1938-  ), Peruvian politician, 1990-2000
Luiz Gushiken(1950- ), Brazilian politician and activist
Barney Hajiro (1916–2011), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Mikio Hasemoto (1916–1943), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Joe Hayashi (1920–1945), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Shizuya Hayashi (1917–2008), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
William Hohri (1927–2010), American political activist
Daniel Inouye (1924-2012), US Medal of Honor recipient World War II and US Senator from Hawaii
Carlos Kasuga, Mexican businessman
Yeiki Kobashigawa (1920–2005), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Yuri Kochiyama (1921 - ), American civil rights activist
Ford Konno (1933 - ), US Olympic athlete (1952, 1956), swimmer
Tommy Kono (1930 - ), US Olympic athlete (1952, 1956, 1960), weightlifter
Robert Kuroda (1922–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Ben Kuroki (1917–2015), US Army Air Force airman
Mike Masaoka (1915–1991), American leader of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)
Spark Matsunaga (1916–1990), US Senator from Hawaii
Hiroshi Miyamura (1925 - ), US Medal of Honor recipient in Korean War
Norman Mineta (1931 - ), US Congressman from California and US Secretary of Transportation
Wataru Misaka (1923 - ), American basketball player, 1st non-Caucasian to play in the NBA in 1947
Pat Morita (1932–2005), American actor
Kaoru Moto (1917–1992), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Sadao Munemori (1922–1945), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Kiyoshi Muranaga (1922–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Mirai Nagasu (1993 - ), American Figure Skating champion in 2008
Masato Nakae (1917–1998), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Shinyei Nakamine (1920–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
William Nakamura (1922–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
George Nakashima (1905–1990), American furniture designer and cabinetmaker
Joe Nishimoto (1920–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Allan Ohata (1918–1977), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Apolo Anton Ohno (1982 -  ) American Olympic athlete (2002, 2006, 2010), speed skater
James Okubo (1920–1967), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Yukio Okutsu (1921–2003), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Frank Ono (1923–1980), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Kazuo Otani (1918–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
George Sakato (1921 - ), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
James Shigeta (1933 - ), American actor
Shinkichi Tajiri (1923–2009), American sculptor
Ted Tanouye (1919–1944), US Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
Yoshinobu Oyakawa, American Olympic athlete (1952), swimmer
George Takei (1937 - ), American actor
Minoru Yamasaki (1912–1986), American architect
Littlebury is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England.
In 2001 there were 802 people living in Littlebury.
Aluminium iodide  is any chemical compound made up of only aluminium and iodine.
It is formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine, or the action of hydrogen iodide on aluminium metal.
Galveston is a city on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. ,
the city had 47,743 people.
The city is the county seat of Galveston County.
It is well known for a hurricane in 1900.
Xerochrysum bracteatum  is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae and comes from Australia.
In English, the plant is usually called golden everlasting or strawflower.
It grows as a woody or leafy perennial or annual shrub.
Depending on the type it can get up to a meter (3 ft) tall.
The golden everlasting serves as food for different kinds of larvae (caterpillars) of butterflies, moths and skippers.
Adult butterflies, hoverflies, native bees, small beetles and grasshoppers visit the flower heads.
The golden everlasting is easy to grow.
Annual varieties in a host of color forms are available.
The Golden everlasting occurs in all Australian mainland states and territories as well as Tasmania.
It is quite common and can be found from North Queensland across to Western Australia.
It occurs in all habitats except those that are in  dense shade.
It grows as an annual in patches of red sand in Central Australia, responding rapidly to bouts of rainfall to complete its life cycle.
It is common among granite outcrops in southwest Western Australia, and is found on heavier and more fertile soils in the Sydney region, such as basalt-, shale- or limestone-based soils, generally in areas with a high water table.
It has been reported growing in disturbed soil, along roadsides and in fields in the New England region in the United States.
The brightly colored bracts act as petals to attract insects such as hoverflies, native bees and small beetles that pollinate the florets.
Grasshoppers also visit the flower heads.
The caterpillars of Tebenna micalis have been recorded on this species, as have those of the Australian painted lady (Vanessa kershawi).
The tiny fruits are dispersed by wind, and germinate and grow after fire or on disturbed ground.
The water mould (oomycete) Bremia lactucae has infected commercial crops in Italy and California.
In 2002 on the Ligurian coast, widespread infection of several varieties, most severely 'Florabella Pink' and to a lesser extent 'Florabella Gold' and 'Florabella White', resulted in leaf blistering and the development of lesions on the leaves, and white patches on the undersides, particularly in areas of poor ventilation.
There was an outbreak of downy mildew in a crop of the Golden everlasting in San Mateo County, California in 2006, in which the leaves developed large chlorotic lesions.
A Phytoplasma infection damaged X. bracteatum crops in the Czech Republic between 1994 and 2001, causing poor growth, bronzing of the leaves and malformation of flower heads.
Genetically, the pathogen was indistinguishable from the agent of aster yellows.
The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) attacks and forms galls on the roots, which leads to the death of the plant.
Farming and breeding
The Golden everlasting had been introduced to farming in England by 1791.
German horticulturist Herren Ebritsch obtained material and developed it at his nursery in Arnstadt near Erfurt in Germany.
He bred and sold varieties of many colors from bronze to white to purple, which spread across Europe in the 1850s.
The bracts of these early forms tended to remain cupped around the flower head rather than flatten out like the native Australian forms.
Many were given names such as 'atrococcineum' (dark scarlet flower heads), 'atrosanguineum' (dark blood-red flower heads), 'aureum' (golden yellow flower heads), 'bicolor' (red-tipped yellow flower heads), 'compositum' (large multicolored flower heads), 'macranthum' (large rose-edged white flower heads), and 'monstrosum' (flower heads with many bracts), although today they are generally sold in mixed seed for growing as annuals.
Some colored forms of South African Helichrysum are thought to have been introduced to the breeding program, which resulted in the huge array of colors.
The Golden everlasting was one of several species that became popular with European royalty and nobility from the early 19th century, yet were little noticed in Australia until the 1860s, when they became more prominent in Australian gardens.
Most varieties started in Australia in the latter part of the 20th century are perennials. '
Dargan Hill Monarch' was the first of these, and many more have followed.
Profusely flowering, these come in many colors including white, yellow, orange, bronze, pink and red.
Their commercial lifespan is generally around three years.
Queensland-based company Aussie Winners has a range of compact plants ranging from orange to white known as Sundaze.
Plants of this series usually have larger leaves.
This range won the Gran premio d'oro at the Euroflora exposition in Geneva in 2001, for the best new plant series in the previous three years. '
Florabella Gold', a member of the Florabella series, won the award for best new pot plant (vegetative) in the Society of American Florists' competition of 1999.
The Wallaby variety of the flower range of taller forms with narrow leaves and white, yellow or pink flowers.
Other commercial ranges include the Nullarbor series, and Queensland Federation daisies, including 'Wanetta Sunshine' and 'Golden Nuggets'.
The Golden everlasting are easy to grow both from seeds and from cuttings, although named varieties will only grow true from cuttings.
Fresh seed germinates in 3 to 20 days and requires no special care.
Plants grow best in acidic, well-aerated, soils of pH 5.5 to 6.3, with low levels of phosphorus.
They are sensitive to iron deficiency, which shows on the plant as yellowing (chlorosis) of the youngest leaves while the leaf veins remain green.
The Golden everlasting can be grown in large pots or window boxes.
It also makes a good starting plant in the garden before other plants become more established.
Lower growing varieties are suitable for hanging baskets and border plantings.
The flowers attract butterflies to the garden.
Dried flowers are long lasting—up to some years—and are used in floral arrangements and the cut flower industry.
More robust longer stemmed forms are used for commercial cut flowers.
The main factor limiting lifespan of dried flowers is the wilting of stems, so flowers are sometimes wired into arrangements.
Immersing flowers in glycerol or polyethylene glycol also lengthens lifespan.
ANPSA: Xerochrysum bracteatum
Lockdown is a television series.
It is on the National Geographic Channel.
The series is about prisons and jails in the United States.
It is shown in a documentary format.
Lockdown is known in some regions as America's Hardest Prisons.
He is best known for his artwork in One Piece.
Oda was born in Kumamoto in Kumamoto Prefecture.
At age 4, he wanted to be a manga artist.
In 1997, One Piece was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump.
The Japan Gold Disc Awards (日本ゴールドディスク大賞) are honors which are promoted by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).
The awards recognize CD music sales in Japan.
List of the Artists of the Year 【Traditional Japanese music】
1987  Akina Nakamori
1988  Rebecca
1989  Boowy
1990  Southern all stars
1991  Yumi Matsutoya
1992  Chage and Aska
1993 Chage and Aska
1994  Wands
1995  TRF
1996  TRF
1997  Namie Amuro
1998 GLAY
1999  B'z
2000  Hikaru Utada
2001  Ayumi Hamasaki
2002  Ayumi Hamasaki
2003  Hikaru Utada
2004  Ayumi Hamasaki
2005  Orange Range
2006  Kumi Koda
2007  Kumi Koda
2008  Exile
2009  Exile
2010  Arashi
2011  Arashi
2012  AKB48
2013  AKB48
List of the Artists of the Year  【Western music】
1987  Madonna
1988  The Beatles
1989  Bon Jovi
1990  Madonna
1991  Madonna
1992  Guns N' Roses
1993  Madonna
1994  The Beatles
1995  Mariah Carey
1996  Mariah Carey
1997  Me and My
1998  Celine Dion
1999  Celine Dion
2000  Celine Dion
2001  The Beatles
2002  Backstreet Boys
2003  Avril Lavigne
2004  12 Girls Band
2005  Queen
2006  O-zone
2007  Daniel Powter
2008  Avril Lavigne
2009  Madonna
2010  The Beatles
2011  Lady Gaga
2012  Lady Gaga
2013  Che'Nelle
Gold Disc Awards official site
Étienne Pierre Ventenat (1 March 1757 – 13 August 1808) was a French botanist born in Limoges.
He was the brother of naturalist Louis Ventenat (1765–1794).
Ventenat took a trip to England while he was employed as director of the ecclesiastic library Sainte-Geneviève in Paris.
While in England, he visited the country's botanical gardens.
This inspired him to pursue a career in science.
Later he studied under and worked with a botanist named Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle (1746–1800).
In 1795, he was elected a member of the Institut national des sciences et des arts.
They later changed their name to be the Académie des sciences.
In 1794 he wrote a treatise on the principles of botany.
It was called Principes de botanique, expliqués au Lycée républicain par Ventenat.
It did not receive much interest when it was released, and Ventenat became so disappointed that he reportedly made efforts to buy all copies of the book and have them destroyed.
In 1798 he published a French translation of Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu's Genera plantarum as Tableau du règne végétal selon la méthode de Jussieu.
In his translation of the work, Ventenat added information about the properties and uses of plants.
In 1799 he published Description des plantes nouvelles et peu connues, cultivées dans le jardin de J.-M. Cels.
This book described plants in the botanical garden of Jacques Philippe Martin Cels (1740–1806).
In 1803 he published Le Jardin de la Malmaison because Joséphine de Beauharnais (1763–1814) asked him to write it.
He wanted to make sure the rare species of plants found in the gardens and greenhouses of Château de Malmaison were remembered forever.
The pictures and drawings in the two aforementioned works were performed by famed botanical artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759–1840).
Ventenat is also credited with continuing the work on Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard's Histoire des champignons de la France.
This was a landmark (very important) work on mushrooms native to France.
Decas Generum Novorum, 1808.
This article is based on a translation of an article from the French Wikipedia.
In botany, a bract is a modified leaf, especially one associated with a flower or inflorescence.
Bracts are usually different from normal leaves.
Usually, they also look different from the parts of the flower, such as the petals and/or sepals.
Some bracts are brightly colored like petals, and attract pollinators like bees,.
Examples of this type of bract include Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia) and Bougainvillea: both of these have large colorful bracts surrounding much smaller, less colorful flowers.
In grasses, each floret (flower) is enclosed in a pair of papery bracts, while each spikelet (group of florets) has a further pair of bracts at its base called glumes.
These bracts are the chaff removed from cereal grain during threshing and winnowing.
A prophyll is a leaf-like structure, such as a bracteole, subtending a single flower or pedicel.
The frequently showy pair of bracts of Euphorbia species in subgenus Lacanthis are the cyathophylls.
Bracts subtend the cone scales in the seed cones of many conifers, and in some cases, such as Pseudotsuga, they extend beyond the cone scales.
Bracts that appear in a whorl under an inflorescence are called an involucre.
An involucre is a common feature beneath the inflorescences of many Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae and Polygonaceae.
Each flower in an inflorescence may have its own whorl of bracts.
Many asteraceous plants have bracts at the base of each inflorescence.
Epicalyx
An epicalyx, an additional whorl around the calyx of a single flower, is a modification of bracteoles.
In other words, the epicalyx is a group of bracts resembling a calyx or bracteoles forming a whorl outer to the calyx.
It is a calyx-like extra whorl of floral appendages.
They are present in family Malvaceae, the Hibiscus family.
Fragaria (strawberries) may or may not have an epicalyx.
Spathe
A spathe is a large bract that forms a sheath to enclose the flower cluster of certain plants such as palms, arums, and dayflowers.
In many arums (Araceae family), the spathe is petal-like, attracting pollinators to the flowers arranged on a type of spike called a spadix.
is a Japanese form of archery.
It is a martial art.
Kyūdō is based on ancient archery (kyū-jutsu).
Archery in Japanese began in the Jōmon period; and it developed in the samurai or military class.
At the beginning of the Meiji era (1868-1912), the samurai lost their position because the Emperor Meiji replaced the Tokugawa family, the samurai, as a ruler of the nation.
Therefore, all martial arts, including kyudo, declined.
Before the Meiji Restoration, only the military class was allowed to do Kyūdō.
But after it, ordinally people could also do archery, so it spread outside the military class and it became an amusement.
Now, All Japan Kyudo Federation plays a role in the promotion of kyudo as a sport.
There are many styles, but most of kyudo players are learning the technique ruled by All Japan Kyudo Federation (Shaho-Hassetsu).
In most cases, style means the kind of movement (called Taihai).
Ogasawara style
This is a major style and is known as the style of mannar.
Most of the kyudo players play based on it.
Heki style
Honda style
Yamato style
Ashibumi; placing the footing
Dozukuri; forming the body
Yugamae; readying the bow
Uchiokoshi; raising the bow straightly (Ogasawara and Honda style) or slantwise (Heki and Yamato style)
Hikiwake; drawing apart
Kai; the full draw
Hanare; the release
Zanshin: "the remaining body or mind" or "the continuation of the shot"
The equipment of kyūdō has evolved from ancient times.
is the Japanese term for the bows used in kyūdō.
Yumi is traditionally made of bamboo, wood and leather.
But, recently, many yumi are made from  fiberglass and carbon fiber.
They are cheaper than those made of bamboo.
Generally, there are two sizes.
One is nami and the other is nobi.
Nobi is longer than Nami.
is the Japanese term for the arrows of kyūdō.
The arrow's shaft is traditionally made of bamboo.
Recently, many shafts are made of aluminum or carbon fibers.
The traditional fletching is made with three fins or vanes of  eagle or hawk feathers.
The modern ya may be made with turkey or swan feathers.
People wear special clothes called Kyūdōgi when they practice kyudo or play a game.
In a formal place, people wear Wahuku.
is the  glove worn on the right hand.
It is typically made of deerskin.
International Kyudo Federation
It was formerly the residence of Joséphine de Beauharnais.
With the Tuileries it was the headquarters of the French government from 1800 to 1802.
Joséphine de Beauharnais bought the manor house in April 1797 for herself and her husband, General Napoléon Bonaparte.
The future Napoléon I of France was at that time away fighting the Egyptian Campaign.
Malmaison was a run-down estate, seven miles (12 km) west of central Paris that encompassed nearly  of woods and meadows.
When he came back from Egypt, Bonaparte was angry at Joséphine for buying such an expensive house.
She had expected him to bring back a lot of money from the Egyptian campaign.
She had paid well over 300,000 francs for the house and it needed extensive renovations.
She spent a lot of money fixing it.
Malmaison would bring great happiness to the Bonapartes.
Joséphine's daughter, Hortense would call it "a delicious spot".
Joséphine worked hard to transform the large estate into "the most beautiful and curious garden in Europe.
She wanted it to be a model of good cultivation".
Joséphine wrote: "I wish that Malmaison may soon become the source of riches for all [of France]"...
In 1800, Joséphine built a heated orangery large enough for 300 pineapple plants.
Five years later she ordered the building of a greenhouse.
It was heated by a dozen coal-burning stoves.
From 1803 until her death in 1814 she cultivated nearly 200 new plants in France for the first time.
The property became famous for its rose garden.
Empress Joséphine had the Belgian artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759–1840) record her roses (and lilies).
Prints of these works sell quite well, even today.
She created an extensive collection of rose.
She gathered plants from her native Martinique and from other places around the world.
She grew some 250 varieties of roses.
From the foreword to Jardin de la Malmaison (1803):
You have gathered around you the rarest plants growing on French soil....as we inspect them in the beautiful gardens of Malmaison, an impressive reminder of the conquests of your illustrious husband...
Birds and animals of all sorts began to fill her garden.
They were allowed to roam free among the grounds.
At the height of her days at Malmaison, Joséphine had the company of kangaroos, emus, black swans, zebras, sheep, gazelles, ostriches, chamois, a seal, antelopes and llamas to name a few.
After her divorce from Napoléon, Joséphine received Malmaison in her own right, along with a pension of 5 million francs a year, and remained there until her death in 1814.
After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 Napoléon returned to the house before his exile to the island of Saint Helena.
In 1842 Malmaison was purchased by Maria Christina, widow of King Ferdinand VII of Spain; she lived there with her second husband Agustín Fernando Muñoz, 1st Duke of Riánsares.
In 1861 Maria Christina sold the property to Napoleon III.
Present times
The public can visit the manor house as a Napoleonic musée national.
The museum lies on RN 13 (route nationale 13) from Paris and bus 258 from RER A "Grande Arche" station.
"Josephine's garden", Orient Express Magazine, Vol.
1, by HRH Princess Michael of Kent .
Xerochrysum (or Bracteantha) is a type or genus of flowering plants native to Australia.
It was defined by Russian botanist Nikolai Tzvelev in 1990.
It was identified before (and taking precedence over) Bracteantha which was described the following year.
A 2002 molecular study of the tribe Gnaphalieae found the genus is likely polyphyletic, with X. bracteatum and X. viscosum removed from each other.
Xerochrysum bracteatum (Strawflower or Golden Everlasting; syn.
Bracteantha bracteata)
Xerochrysum collierianum A.M.Buchanan & Schah.
Xerochrysum palustre (Swamp Everlasting)
Xerochrysum papillosum (Labill.)
R.J.Bayer
Xerochrysum subundulatum (Alpine Everlasting or Orange Everlasting)
Xerochrysum viscosum (Sticky Everlasting)
The genus was formerly included in Helichrysum.
ASGAP: Xerochrysum bracteatum and Xerochrysum subundulatum
PlantNET: Xerochrysum
PlantNET: Key to Xerochrysum
Henry Cranke Andrews (fl.
1794 - 1830), was an English botanist, and an artist who illustrated plants.
As he always published as Henry C. Andrews, and due to difficulty finding records, the C. was referred to as Charles, from 1961 until a record of his marriage registration was found in 2017.
He lived in Knightsbridge.
He was married to the daughter of John Kennedy of Hammersmith, a nurseryman who helped Andrews to write descriptions of the plants he illustrated.
Andrews was a good and unusual botanical artist.
He was not only an artist, but also engraver, colorist, and publisher in a time when most artists were only employed to make small drawings.
The Botanist's Repository was his first publication.
It was issued in London in a series of ten volumes between 1797 and 1812.
It provided affordable images of plants to the growing population of amateur gardeners in Britain.
The Kew publication, Curtis's Botanical Magazine, wrote that Andrews' work was very accurate.
Andrews' images have a more artistic appeal compared to the publications of his rival, which were focused more on scientific descriptions.
Botanists Repository, Comprising Colour'd Engravings of New and Rare Plants (10 vols.) (
London, 1797–1812)
Coloured Engravings of Heaths 1794-1830 4 vols.
The Heathery 1804-1812 6 vols.
Geraniums or A Monograph of the Genus Geranium (London 1805-1806 2 vols.)
Roses 1805-1828
Talia al Ghul is a fictional Batman character who is the daughter of Ra's al Ghul.
Ghul might be a villain that might want to either finish his father's work or to avenge his death.
She may sometimes help Batman to stop his father's work.
She is the mother of Bruce Wayne's son, Damian Wayne.
Marion Cotillard played Talia in The Dark Knight Rises, but she had a fake name Miranda Tate and was the chairman of Wayne Enterprises.
Talia al Ghul on the DC Animated Universe Wiki
Guckkasten (Hangul: 국카스텐) is a South Korean Indie rock group that is known for psychedelic music.
The members are Ha Hyun-woo (Hangul: 하현우, vocal), Jeon Kyu-ho (Hangul: 전규호), Lee Jung-gil (Hangul: 이정길) and Kim Ki-bum (Hangul: 김기범).
The group formed in 2003 and their band was called "The C.O.M" at the time.
In 2007, they renamed their band "Guckkasten," a German word that means "Chinese-style kaleidoscope".
The renaming of the band as "Guckkasten" was to reflect how their psychedelic music is like looking through a Chinese-style kaleidoscope with its beautiful and constantly changing pictures.
This band tries to express their experimental mindset by playing music like psychedelic videos hidden under an analogous style.
Ha Hyun-woo (하현우) : vocals, guitar
Jeon Kyu-ho (전규호) : guitar
Lee Jung-gil (이정길) : drums
Kim Ki-bum (김기범) : bass guitar
History of Guckkasten
Lee Jung-gil and Ha Hyun-woo started a school band together.
After quitting school, they moved to Seoul.
Then they scouted Jeon Kyu-ho through the Internet and started a band "New Unbalance".
In 2003, they realigned their members and created a band named  "The C.O.M".
However, "The C.O.M" broke up that year after the "Ssamji sound festival".
Then in 2007, they formed the band again, but changed the name to "Guckkasten," a German word for Chinese-style kaleidoscope.
A year later, in 2008, Kim Ki-bum joined the band.
Musical style and artistry
The music of Guckkasten can be classified as psychedelic.
They try to express their music as psychedelic videos which is hidden under analogue.
It is because their music is inspired by Hague's piece called Art and Fire.
Although their music can be classified as psychedelic music in some points, their genre can't be defined clearly.
Their music is expressed in various ways and the songs are very changeable.
They are skilled guitar players, and their sound is guitar focused.
But they have said that this will change on their 2nd album.
Tjungkara Ken (born 1 October 1969) is an Australian Aboriginal artist from Amaṯa, South Australia.
She began painting in 1997, when Minymaku Arts was opened by the women of Amaṯa.
She started doing it professionally (as a job) in 2008.