the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Menachem Meiri, rabbi
July 6 – King Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1198)
July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
September 27 – Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (b. 1197)
As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt
Abu Zakariya, ruler of the Maghreb (b. 1203)
William of Sherwood, English logician (b. 1190)
Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1178)
Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (b. 1186)
Cub, a member of Cub Scouts
Cub player, a member of certain sports teams, e.g. the Chicago Cubs baseball club
A novice or learner, particularly in newspaper reporting
Cub (band), an indie rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia, which formed in 1992 and disbanded in 1997
Cub (Happy Tree Friends), a character in Happy Tree Friends
Cub Foods, a division of the U.S. Supervalu company
Piper Cub, a line of light aircraft built from the 1930s to the 1980s
"Cub": NATO reporting name for the Antonov An-12 Russian Turboprop transport
Honda Super Cub, a range of small motorcycles produced by Honda
"Cashed Up Bogan", a slang term used in Australia and New Zealand
Kapcai, a class of mini motorcycles of Malaysia and Southeast Asia - Malaysian Cub Prix
LDV Cub, a rebadged version of the Nissan Vanette van sold by LDV Limited
Cub Records, a record label
Farmall Cub, a model in the Farmall tractor model line
Cub Buck (1892–1966), professional American football player
Carlton & United Breweries, an Australian Alcohol Manufacturer
Macedonian Empire
Antipater makes Antigonus commander in chief of his army in Asia Minor.
He sends him with Craterus to fight against Eumenes, the satrap of Cappadocia and a supporter of Perdiccas.
Perdiccas marches against Ptolemy.
When he fails to cross the Nile he is murdered by mutinous officers.
Ptolemy is in power in Egypt and Seleucus in power in Babylon.
The main generals of the late Alexander the Great agree to the Partition of Triparadisus.
Ptolemy strengthens his position by marrying Eurydice, the third daughter of Antipater.
Antigonus and Craterus defeat Eumenes in battle.
Eumenes escapes.
Successes by Rome's armies force the Samnites to ask for peace.
The terms are harsh so peace does not happen.
Two Roman consuls, Spurius Postumius Albinus and Titus Veturius Calvinus, leading a force into Samnium.
They are trapped in a mountain pass known as the Caudine Forks.
They make a five-year treaty with the Samnites.
Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan empire, makes himself king of Magadha.
Craterus, Macedonian general (b. c. 370 BC)
Perdiccas, Macedonian general and regent after the death of Alexander the Great (b. c. 365 BC)
Zhou Xian Wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
320s BC
Fabius Maximus Rullianus becomes consul for the fourth time.
He defeats the Samnites in a battle near Tifernum.
After Cassander's death from illness, Philip IV, Cassander's eldest son, becomes King of Macedon.
Soon after this he suffers from a wasting disease and dies.
Antipater, the next son, rules jointly with his brother Alexander V.
Demetrius Poliorcetes returns to Greece to become master of Macedonia.
While Demetrius is in Greece, Lysimachus seizes his possessions in Asia Minor.
Ptolemy decides to support Pyrrhus of Epirus and restores him to his kingdom.
At first Pyrrhus reigns with a kinsman, Neoptolemus II of Epirus.
But he has him assassinated.
Chandragupta Maurya goes to Sravana Belagola near Mysore to live in the way of Jains.
Bindusara his son goes to the Pataliputra throne.
King Cassander of Macedon (b. c. 358 BC)
Artaxerxes III succeeds Artaxerxes II as King of Persia.
To secure his throne he puts to death most of his relatives.
Alexander of Pherae, Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, is murdered by his wife's brother.
This is by the wife's request.
Cersobleptes, along with his brothers, Amadocus II and Berisades, gets the land of the Thracian king, Cotys I.
Philip II of Macedon invades the hill tribes of Paeonia and beats them.
His rule goes inland as far as Lake Ohrid.
The Romans defeat the Volsci.
They take most of their land and settle it with Roman colonists.
Artaxerxes II, King of the Persia (b. c. 436 BC)
Alexander of Pherae, Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, Greece
Cotys I, King of Thrace
Bardyllis, Illyrian king (killed in battle by Phillip of Macedon)
350s BC
In the United States, a state is a political entity.
There are currently 50 of them, and they are bound together in a federation.
Each has a government and can make laws over a particular area that the state covers.
All states have a shared sovereignty with the U.S. federal government.
People who were born or naturalized in states are citizens of both the United States and the state they are in.
People can move between states without asking or saying so, unless a court has said they can't.
Four states call themselves "commonwealths" in their official names.
Washington, D.C. is a federal district and not a state nor in a state.
States divide their territory into counties, or something similar with different name, which are not sovereign.
Most states give their counties some government authority; a few states give them none.
State governments get their power from the people of that state.
States have a number of States' rights under the United States Constitution.
States and the people that live in them are represented in the United States Congress in the Senate and House of Representatives.
Each state also selects electors (an equal number to the number of Senators and Representatives from that state) to vote in the Electoral College, which elects the President of the United States.
Puerto Rico a territory of the United States is considered as a possible 51st state for the future.
University of Paris-Seine is a group of higher education institutes in France.
It groups public universities and national research centers.
These places teach nearly every field of sciences (fundamental, engineering, business).
The Université du grand ouest parisien was created on 6 February 2012.
The name has changed the 1st of March 2015.
It is now called « Université Paris-Seine ».
Cergy-Pontoise University - UCP ;
ESSEC ;
École internationale des sciences du traitement de l'information - EISTI ;
ISIPCA ;
École nationale supérieure d’architecture de Versailles - ENSA-V ;
École nationale supérieure du paysage - ENSP-V ;
École nationale supérieure d'arts de Paris-Cergy - ENSAPC ;
École nationale supérieure de l'électronique et de ses applications (ENSEA) ;
Supméca ;
École de Biologie Industrielle - EBI ;
École d'électricité, de production et des méthodes industrielles - ECAM-EPMI ;
Institut libre d'éducation physique supérieur - ILEPS ;
École supérieure d'Informatique, réseaux et systèmes d'information - ITESCIA ;
École pratique de service social - EPSS ;
École d'ingénieur d'agro-développement international - ISTOM.
The common barn owl (Tyto alba) is a species of owl in the genus Tyto.
It is the most widely distributed species of owl, and one of the most widespread of all birds.
The barn owl family Tytonidae is one of two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae).
It is known by many other names in different parts of the world, which is one of the problems with 'common names'.
It is one of the main reasons Linnaeus invented his system of scientific naming.
This owl has long wings, a pale face, and a square-shaped tail.
It lives in rural areas like farms and woodland.
The barn owl has a wing span of 75–110 cm and its body length measures up to around 25–50 cm.
It weighs between 187 and 800 grams.
Barn owls' breeding season is spring and it breeds in nests in trees.
It eats small mammals, reptiles, fish, insects and smaller birds.
Tyto alba is nocturnal, as usual for owls.
However, it often becomes active shortly before dusk and can sometimes be seen during the day, when it moves from a sleeping place it does not like.
This is a bird of open country such as farmland or grassland with some interspersed woodland.
This owl prefers to hunt along the edges of woods.
It has an effortless wavering flight as it moves over pastures or similar hunting grounds.
Like most owls, the Barn Owl flies silently; tiny serrations on the leading edges of its flight feathers help to break up the flow of air over its wings, thereby reducing turbulence and the noise that accompanies it.
It hunts by flying low and slowly over an area of open ground, hovering over spots that conceal potential prey.
They may also use fence posts or other lookouts to ambush prey.
The Barn Owl feeds primarily on small vertebrates such as rodents.
Studies have shown that an individual Barn Owl may eat one or more rodents per night; a nesting pair and their young can eat more than 1,000 rodents per year.
Locally superabundant rodent species in the weight class of several grams per individual usually make up most of the prey.
Such animals probably make up at least three-quarters of the biomass eaten by each and every T. alba, except in some island populations.
In Ireland, the accidental introduction of the Bank vole in the 1950s has led to a major shift in the Barn Owl's diet: where their ranges overlap the vole is now by far the largest prey item.
The diet is supplemented with local small vertebrate and large invertebrate life.
The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), or the common otter, is an aquatic mammal native to only North America in the countries Canada, and the United States.
River otters are a distant relative of the weasel family.
North American river otters can reach a length of 3.9 ft and weigh 3 lbs.
The river otter's life expectancy is 10 to 15 years in the wild and 25 years in captivity.
The main habitat of the river otter are near freshwater rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, marshes, swamps, and coastal waters.
They prefer fish, though they will eat amphibians such as frogs, turtles, and crayfish.
They have also been reported to eat small mammals and birds.
is a district near Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan.
Shikishima no miya during the reign of Emperor Nintoku
Iwareikebe no Namitsuki Palace during the reign of Emperor Yomei
Kurahashi no Shibagaki Palace or Kurabashi no miya during the reign of Emperor Sushun
Gavar is a city in Armenia.
It is the capital of Gegharkunik.
It was called Nor Bayezet or Novyi Bayazet until 1959.
Then the name changed to Kamo until 1996.
The town is in the mountains.
It is only a few miles away from the western shores of Lake Sevan.
In 2001 there were 23,302 people.
The people of Gavar are mainly Christians.
They belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Pahare (1895–1968), actor, writer, conservative.
Frunze Dovlatyan (1927–1997), was a film director, actor and screenwriter.
Byureghik Mneyan (1935), actress, honoured pedagogue of the Republic of Armenia.
Hranush Hakobyan (1954), politician and current minister of diaspora of the Republic of Armenia.
Tigran Arzakantsyan (1966) veteri­narian and honorary Doctor of International Business.
Hovhannes Goharyan (1988) football player of the Armenian national team.
is a Japanese city in Kyoto Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
Kyotanabe City website ;
Settlements in Kyoto Prefecture
Kingdom of Armenia (Antiquity) also known as Artaxiad or Arsacid Armenia, 190 BC to AD 387/428
Kingdom of Armenia (Middle Ages) also known as Bagratid Armenia, AD 885 to 1045
Satrapy of Armenia also known as Orontid Armenia
the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, 1198 to 1375
Kingdom of Artsakh
Kingdom of Commagene
Kingdom of Vaspurakan
The ancient Kingdom of Armenia was an independent monarchy from 331 BC to AD 428.
When the kingdom was the most powerful it was also called the "Armenian Empire".
After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the former Satrapy of Armenia was divided in about 120 clan territories.
After the destruction of the Seleucid Empire, a Helenistic Greek successor state of Alexander the Great's short-lived empire, a Hellenistic Armenian state was founded in 190 BC by Artaxias I.  At its height, from 95 to 66 BC, Armenia extended its rule through areas of the Caucasus and the area that is now eastern Turkey, Syria and Lebanon.
Armenia was one of the weakest states in the Roman East.
It was under the Roman sphere of influence in 66 BC.
Armenia reached its greatest size and influence under King Tigranes II.
It went from the Mediterranean Sea northeast to the Kura River.
The Artaxiads were overthrown by the Romans in AD 12.
This started a period of civil war.
After AD 54, the kingdom was ruled by the Arsacid Dynasty.
In AD 387, Armenia was divided into Byzantine Armenia in the west and Persian Armenia in the east.
Persian Armenia remained under the rule of Arsacid client kings until AD 428.
From the second century BC, the people of Lower Armenia (including today’s Karabakh) spoke Armenian.
This implies that today’s Armenians are the descendants of those speakers.
Hrazdan is the capital of the Kotayk Province of Armenia.
The name Hrazdan is from the Middle-Persian name Frazdan.
Farzdan is connected to the Zoroastrian mythology.
With 52,900 people it is the fifth-largest city in Armenia.
The town was formed under Soviet rule.
During the Soviet years it was one of the highly-industrialized towns of the Armenian SSR.
was a  after Reiki and before Jinki.
This period started in November 717 and ended in February 724.
Events of the Yōrō era
717 (Yōrō 1, 9th month): Empress Genshō traveled through Ōmi Province where she was met by the lords of the San'indō, the San'yōdō and the Nankaidō.
Also, she traveled to Mino Province where the lords of the Tōkaidō, Tōsandō and Hokurikudō met with her.
718 (Yōrō 2): Changes in the Taihō Code are made.
The  combines comments with changes and additions.
721 (Yōrō 5, 5th month): Nihon Shoki in 30 volumes was given to the Empress.
721 (Yōrō 5, 5th month): Fujiwara no Fuhito died at age 62.
721 (Yōrō 5, 5th month): Former-Empress Gemmei died at age 61.
717 establishments
724 disestablishments
Vanadzor is the third-largest city in Armenia.
In 2001 there were 107,394 people.
It is the capital of the Lori Province.
It was named Kirovakan during the Soviet era and Karakilisa during the Tsarist period.
Much of the city's history is unknown.
The history of the area possibly dates back to the Bronze Age.
It was part of the Kingdom of Armenia.
The town had a lot of damage from the 1988 Spitak earthquake.
Most of the people belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Vanadzor is the home of the Diocese of Gougark.
Stepan Zoryan, an Armenian writer
Suren Aghababyan, a literary critic
Artavazd Peleshyan, a documentary film-maker
Shavarsh Karapetyan, a Soviet Armenian finswimmer
Vic Darchinyan, World unified boxing champion and the IBF, WBO, WBC champion
Gor Mkhitarian, an Armenian rock-musician
Tigran Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia
Kapan is a town in the south of Armenia.
It was also named Gafan and Madan.
It is the capital of the Syunik Province.
In 2010 there were 45,488 people.
Kapan is the city with the most peoplecity in the province and southern Armenia.
Kapan is from the Armenian word kapel which mean "to lock".
Notable landmarks
Vahanavank monastery
Baghaberd and Halidzor Fortresses.
Tatev Monastery
Monument to David Bek.
Kapan College of Music
Kapan Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum
Kapan Theatre
Gandzasar FC - football club
Lernagorts Kapan FC - football club
Notable People from Kapan
Ogtay Asadov - Speaker of National Assembly of Azerbaijan
Karen Sargsyan - Principal choirmaster of the Armenian Opera Theater
Tatoul Markarian - Armenian ambassador to United States
Ijevan is a city in northern Armenia.
It was named Istibulagh and Karavansara.
It is the capital of Tavush region.
The city's current name, Ijevan means "inn" in Armenian.
The former name Karavansara means "inn" in Persian.
In 2009 there were 20,500 people.
This made it the most populated city in the province.
Ijevan has had a railway station since 1870.
Tradition says that about 2000 years ago,  King Artavasdes I built a city here.
Notable locations
Makaravank Monastery was built in the 10th century in Achajur village, 16 km north of Ijevan.
This purple and green stone complex in the forest above the village is a very popular destination.
Arakelots Monastery was built in the 13th century, a few kilometers north of Ijevan near Kirants village.
Kirants Monastery was built in the 8th century, 10 km north of Ijevan.
The monastery of Gandzakar village was built a few kilometers south of Ijevan.
Yenokavan Canyon, near Yenokavan village north of Ijevan is characterized with beautiful cliffs, caves, forests, rivers and cascades. "
Anapat cave" has a style of pre-Christian unique carvings which resemble Mayan and Aztec works.
There are small rest houses and a modern resort in Yenokavan canyon.
Yeghegnadzor is a town in Armenia.
It was named Yeghegik.
Then it named Keshishkend until 1935.
From 1935–1957 it was named Mikoyan.
It is the capital of the Vayots Dzor province.
The name of the city means "the valley of canes" in the Armenian language.
was a  after Yōrō and before Tenpyō.
This period started in February 724 and ended in August 729.
Events of the Jinki era
727 (Jinki 4): The emperor sent inspectors into the provinces to review the work of all officials.
724 (Jinki 5): An ambassador from Korea was received in court.
720s establishments in Japan
724 establishments
729 disestablishments
This means that the job of King or Queen of Australia passes down through the Royal Family.
When the King or Queen dies, the job passes to their son, daughter or next in line to the throne.
As monarch of Australia, they then have ceremonial and constitutional duties as part of the government of Australia.
The Governor General of Australia does the work of the monarch for the national Government.
State Governors do the work of the monarch for State Governments of Australia.
The British First Fleet of convict ships arrived at Sydney in 1788 and New South Wales became a Crown Colony, with King George III of England as its King.
The British set up other colonies all around Australia with powerful colonial governors chosen by Britain.
From the 1820s, these colonies began to get more and more self-government and from the 1850s they began to become parliamentary democracies, which kept the Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom as their Heads of State, with royal duties done by Colonial Governors who had less and less real power.
In 1901, after a vote, the British colonies of Australia decided to become one country, with a constitutional monarchy with Queen Victoria as the monarch.
The  Duke of Cornwall and York (later King George V) opened the first Parliament of Australia in 1901 and the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) opened the first Parliament in Canberra in 1927.
The Balfour Declaration of 1926, changed the situation in the British Empire, so that United Kingdom and the Dominions (like Australia, Canada and New Zealand) were to be seen as equal and independent, but "united by a common allegiance to the Crown".
This situation of independent monarchies was confirmed by the Statute of Westminster.
The Curtin Labor Government chose Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (the brother of  King George VI), as Governor-General during the Second World War.
Queen Elizabeth II became the first reigning monarch to visit Australia in 1954, greeted by huge crowds across the nation.
Her son Prince Charles went to school in Australia in 1967.
Her grandson Prince Harry lived in Australia for some of his gap-year in 2003.
The Royal family was very popular for most of the 20th Century - but by the 1990s, some politicians and lots of people wanted Australia to become a republic.
In 1999, the country had a referendum to become a republic, but the people chose to keep the Australian monarchy instead of changing to a republic.
At the moment, the monarch of Australia is Queen Elizabeth II.
She has the title of Queen of Australia and has reigned since 6 February 1952.
She is represented in Australia by the Governor-General.
The Governor-General does the work of the Queen in Australia and follows the rules of the Australian Constitution.
He or she is chosen by the Prime Minister and appointed by the monarch.
In each of the States of Australia, the monarch is represented by a Governor.
The Governors are appointed by the Queen after the state premiers tell her their choice.
The Governor General
The Governor General is chosen by the Prime Minister and is appointed by the monarch to act as Head of State.
The Governor General cannot behave like a politician or member of a political party, but must do the work of the monarch in Australia.
The Governor General does things like opening parliament, and giving out awards on Australia Day.
After elections, or when a government loses or wins a majority in the Australian House of Representatives, the Governor General is the person who legally decides that the prime minister has the numbers to lead a government.
List of Australian Monarchs
The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of Australia.
The lower house is the House of Representatives.
Senators are elected for a term that is usually six years.
But some senators have three year terms.
The Senate has a lot of power from the Australian Constitution.
Senate, Australian
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Parliament of Australia.
Members of Parliament (MPs) serve for terms of about three years.
There are 150 members.
Each member represents one electorate.
The number of electorates is figured out so that it is in proportion to the population of each state/territory.
and so that each one has roughly the same population.
This is determined by the AEC  (Australian Electoral Commission)
UTC+06:30 is the timezone in places below.
The time is 6.5 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.
Cocos Islands
es:Huso horario#UTC+06:30, F†
UTC+07:00 is the timezone in places below.
The time is 7 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.
This timezone is also known as Indochina Time (ICT).
Indonesia (Western)
Central Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra, West Kalimantan
Mongolia  (Far Western)
Khovd, Uvs, and Bayan-Ölgii
Russia - Omsk Time
Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast.
Discrepancies between official UTC+07 and geographical UTC+07
Areas located within UTC+07 longitudes using other time zones
Many parts of China, including for example Guangxi Province and Hainan Island
Most of central Mongolia including the capital Ulaanbaatar
Peninsular Malaysia
Western part of Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo including Kuching
Areas located outside UTC+07 longitudes using UTC+07 time
Areas between 82°30′ W and 97°30′ E ("physical" UTC+06)
The westernmost part of Indonesia including Banda Aceh.
Areas between 102°30′ W and 117°30′ E ("physical" UTC+08)
The easternmost part of Java including Surabaya, Malang, and Banyuwangi.
cs:Časové pásmo#UTC+7 G
es:Huso horario#UTC+07:00, G
Usually, an automatic rifle is a rifle that continuously fires bullet as long as the trigger is pressed.
Cartridge shells are ejected and new cartridges are loaded into the chamber automatically.
However, most automatic rifles are designed to give both semi- and fully automatic fire.
This is called selective fire.
They also rifle bullets from a magazine.
These features makes them different from other automatic firearms like the machine gun and submachine gun.
Soldiers in the United States Army who carry the M249 SAW are called automatic riflemen.
The weapon is also called an automatic rifle.
However, it is a fully automatic firearm.
These are normally called squad automatic weapons (SAW) or light machine guns.
An assault rifle is quite similar to an automatic rifle.
However, it uses less powerful bullets than the machine gun or battle rifle.
This allows the soldier using it to control the recoil of the weapon without using a bipod or something similar.
Bullets like these are called "intermediate" bullets.
For example, the AK-47 assault rifle often uses a 7.62x39mm bullet.
The bullet is the same diameter.
However, it is smaller and less powerful compared to the 7.62x54mmR. The 7.62x54mmR was what was being used with rifles when the AK-47 was brought in to service.
The very first automatic rifle was the Mexican Mondragón rifle.
It was designed by General Manuel Mondragón.
He began working on the weapon in 1882.
He patented it in 1887.
In the 20th century, automatic rifles go back to World War I. This is where the Browning Automatic Rifle (B.A.R.) and Huot were first used.
They were supposed to be used like light machine guns to help soldiers attack.
However, only the Mondragón rifle and the B.A.R. were used in World War I.
Farquhar-Hill rifle
Federov Avtomat
Cei-Rigotti
MTB 1925
UTC+06:00 is the timezone in places below.
The time is 6 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.
Bangladesh - previously used this as standard time and UTC+07:00 as daylight saving time
British Indian Ocean Territory (including Chagos Archipelago and Diego Garcia)
Kazakhstan - most of country (including Nur-Sultan and Almaty)
Russia - Yekaterinburg Time - Asia/Yekaterinburg
Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast
China, Unofficial time zone in Tibet and XUAR
es:Huso horario#UTC+06:00, F
UTC+11:30 is the timezone in places below.
The time is 11.5 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.
This time zone was used in Norfolk Island until October 4, 2015.
es:Huso horario#UTC+11:30, L†
Country Code: +61
International Call Prefix: 0011
The Australian telephone numbering plan is how phone numbers work in Australia.
It has changed many times.
The most recent major change was between 1994 and 1998.
Present numbering plan Overview
Australia is divided geographically into four large area codes.
The standard telephone number in Australia has ten digits.
The first digit is '0'.
The first digits are for the type of service.
The following list is a high level of numbering plan presented in domestic format.
Geographical region boundaries do not exactly follow state borders.
00 Emergency and International access
01 Alternative phone services
02 Geographic: Central East region (NSW, ACT)
03 Geographic: South-east region (VIC, TAS)
04 Digital Mobile services (GSM and 3G)
05 Universal/Personal numberings
07 Geographic: North-east region (QLD)
08 Geographic: Central and West region (SA, NT, WA)
1 Non-geographic numbers (mostly for domestic use only)
Overview of plan between 1980s and 1994
00 TAS, toll-free, premium, satellite telephones
01 AMPS mobile services
02 Sydney
03 Melbourne
04 NSW regional areas less than 200 km away from Sydney
05 VIC regional areas
06 ACT, NSW regional areas more than 200 km away from Sydney
07 QLD
08 SA, NT
09 WA
March 19 - Béla Bartók's String Quartet No.
1 is premiered in Budapest
June 25 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet, The Firebird, is premiered in Paris
September 12 - Gustav Mahler's Symphony No.
8, the Symphony of a Thousand, is premiered in Munich.
October - Pietro Mascagni and Giacomo Puccini make up after their 1905 quarrel.
November 7 - the musical comedy, Naughty Marietta, with music by Victor Herbert, is first performed on Broadway
November 10 - Edward Elgar conducts the premiere of his Violin Concerto, with Fritz Kreisler playing the solo part
Mary Garden begins her 20-year reign as soprano of the Chicago Civic Opera
Published popular music
"Ah!
Sweet Mystery Of Life" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert.
From the operetta Naughty Marietta
"Alexander and His Clarinet" w. Irving Berlin m. Ted Snyder
"All Aboard For Blanket Bay" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
"All That I Ask Of You Is Love" w. Edgar Selden m. Herbert Ingraham
"Alma, Where Do You Live?"
w. George V. Hobart m. Adolph Philipp
"Angel Eyes" w. Alfred Bryan m. James Kendis & Herman Paley
"Angels" w.m.
"Any Little Girl, That's a Nice Little Girl, is the Right Little Girl For Me" w. Thomas J. Gray m. Fred Fisher
"Back To My Old Home Town" w.m.
Nora Bayes & Jack Norworth
"A Banjo Song" by Howard Weeden
"The Big Bass Viol" w.m.
M. T. Bohannon
"The Birth of Passion" w. Otto Harbach m. Karl Hoschna.
From the musical Madame Sherry.
"Bring Back My Lena To Me" w.m.
Irving Berlin & David Andrew Noll
"By The Saskatchewan" w. C. M. S. McLellan m. Ivan Caryll
"Call Me Up Some Rainy Afternoon" w.m.
"Caprice Viennois" m. Fritz Kreisler
"The Chanticleer Rag" w. Edward Madden m. Albert Gumble
"The Chicken Reel" m. Joseph M. Daly
"Cloud-Chief" m. J. Ernest Philie.
"Come Josephine In My Flying Machine" w. Alfred Bryan m. Fred Fisher
"Come To The Ball" w. Adrian Ross m. Lionel Monckton
"Constantly" w. Chris Smith m. James Henry Burris
"Day Dreams, Visions Of Bliss" w. Harry B. Smith & Robert B. Smith m. Heinrich Reinhardt
"Dear Mayme, I Love You!"
Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
"Doctor Tinkle Tinker" by Otto Harbach
"Don't Wake Me Up, I'm Dreaming" w. Beth Slater Whitson m. Herbert Ingraham
"Down By The Old Mill Stream" w.m.
Tell Taylor
"Dreams, Just Dreams" Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
"Every Little Movement" w. Otto Harbach m. Karl Hoschna
"Gee But It's Great To Meet A Friend From Your Old Home Town" w. William Tracey m. James Mc Gavisk
"Goodbye Rose" w. Addison Burkhart m. Herbert Ingraham
"Grizzly Bear" w.m.
George Botsford & Irving Berlin
"Herman Let's Dance That Beautiful Waltz" Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
"How Can You Love Such A Man?"
" I Feel So Lonely" w.m.
Bert Lee.
Introduced by Fred Allandale in the musical The Islander
"I'd Love To Live In Loveland" w.m.
W. R. Williams (Rossiter)
"If He Comes In I'm Going Out" w. Cecil Mack m. Chris Smith
"If I Was A Millionaire" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
"I'm Falling In Love With Someone" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert
"I'm Henery the Eighth" w.m.
Fred Murray & R. P. Weston
"In The Shadows" w. E. Ray Goetz m. Herman Finck
"Is There Anything Else I Can Do For You?"
"Italian Street Song" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert
"I've Got The Time I've Got The Place But It's Hard To Find The Girl" w. Ballard MacDonald m. S. R. Henry
"Joshua" w.m George Arthurs & Bert Lee
"Kiss Me, My Honey, Kiss Me" w. Irving Berlin m. Ted Snyder
"Let Me Call You Sweetheart" w. Beth Slater Whitson m. Leo Friedman
"Let Me Live And Stay In Dixieland" w.m.
Elizabeth Brice & Charles King
"Liebesfreud" m. Fritz Kreisler
"Liebeslied" m. Fritz Kreisler
"Life Is Only What You Make It After All" w. Edgar Smith m. A. Baldwin Sloane
"Macushla" w. Josephine V. Rowe m. Dermot MacMurrough
"Maiden with the Dreamy Eyes" w. J. W. Johnson m. Bob Cole
"Morning" w. Frank Lebby Stanton m. Oley Speaks
"Mother Machree" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Ernest R. Ball & Chauncey Olcott
" 'Neath The Southern Moon" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert.
From the operetta Naughty Marietta.
"Nora Malone" w. Junie McCree m. Albert Von Tilzer
"Oh How That German Could Love" w.m.
"Oh That Beautiful Rag" w. Irving Berlin m. Ted Snyder
"On Mobile Bay" w. Earl C. Jones m. Neil Moret
"A Perfect Day" w.m.
Carrie Jacobs-Bond
"Plant A Watermelon On My Grave And Let The Juice Soak Through" w.m.
Frank Dumont & R. P. Lilly
"Play That Barbershop Chord" w. Ballard MacDonald & William Tracey m. Lewis F. Muir
"Put On Your Ta-Ta Little Girlie" w.m.
Fred Leigh
"Put Your Arms Around Me Honey" w. Junie McCree m. Harry Von Tilzer
"Red Pepper: A Spicy Rag" m. Henry Lodge
"Silver Bell" w. Edward Madden  m. Percy Wenrich
"Silver Star" m. Charles L. Johnson
"Some Of These Days" w.m.
Shelton Brooks
"Spaghetti Rag" m. George Lyons & Bob Yosco
"Steamboat Bill" w. Ren Shields m. Bert Leighton & Frank Leighton
"Stein Song (Maine)" w. Lincoln Colcord m. E. A. Fenstad
"Stop, Stop, Stop (Come Over And Love Me Some More)" w.m.
"Sweet Italian Love" Irving Berlin, Ted Snyder
"Tambourin Chinois" m. Fritz Kreisler
"Telling Lies" Irving Berlin, Henrietta Blanke-Belcher
"That Minor Strain" w. Cecil Mack m. Ford Dabney
"That Opera Rag" Irving Berlin, Ted Snyder
"That's Why They Call Me "Shine"" w. Cecil Mack m. Ford Dabney
"Tramp!
Tramp!
Tramp!"
w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert
"Two Little Love Bees" w. Harry B. Smith & Robert B. Smith m. Heinrich Reinhardt
"Under The Yum Yum Tree" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
"Vissi D'Arte" Giacossa, Illica, Puccini
"Washington And Lee Swing" w. Thornton W. Allen & C. A. Robbins m. Thornton W. Allen & M. W. Sheafe
"What's The Matter With Father?"
w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
"Who Are You With Tonight?"
w. Harry Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
"You Are The Ideal Of My Dreams" w.m.
Herbert Ingraham
Victor Ewald - Symphony for Brass
Gustav Mahler - Symphony No.
9 finished
Erkki Melartin - String Quartet No.
Nikolai Myaskovsky - Symphonic poem Silence; original versions of String Quartet No.
3, String Quartet No.
Carl Nielsen - At the Bier of a Young Artist (orchestral for funeral)
Arnold Schoenberg - Five Pieces for Orchestra
Alexander Scriabin - Prometheus, "The Poem of Fire"
Igor Stravinsky - The Firebird
Ralph Vaughan Williams - Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis, Symphony No.
1 ('A Sea Symphony')
Giacomo Puccini - La fanciulla del West (The Girl of the Golden West), libretto by Guelfo Civinini and Carlo Zangarini, first performed in New York City
Jules Massenet - Don Quichotte premiered in Monte Carlo, starring Feodor Chaliapin
Gialdino Gialdini - La Bufera premiered November 26 at the Politeama Ciscutti, Pola
Scott Joplin - Treemonisha completed but not staged
The Balkan Princess London production opened at the Prince of Wales Theatre on February 19 and ran for 176 performances
The Chocolate Soldier (Rudolf Friml) - London production opened at the Lyric Theatre on September 10 and ran for 500 performances
The Islander London production opened at the Apollo Theatre on April 23 and ran for 114 performances
The Jolly Bachelors Broadway production opened at the Broadway Theatre on January 6 and ran for 165 performances
Die keusche Susanne (m. Jean Gilbert) opened in Magdeburg
Madame Sherry Broadway production opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on August 30 and ran for 231 performances
Naughty Marietta (Rida Johnson Young and Victor Herbert) - Broadway production opened at the New York Theatre on November 7 and ran for 136 performances
Our Miss Gibbs Broadway production opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre on August 29 and ran for 64 performances
The Quaker Girl (Music: Lionel Monckton Lyrics: Adrian Ross & Percy Greenbank  Book: James T. Tanner).
London production opened at the Adelphi Theatre on November 5 and ran for 536 performances.
Starring Gertie Millar, Joseph Coyne and C. Hayden Coffin.
The Satyr London production
Tillie's Nightmare Broadway production opened at the Herald Square Theatre on May 5 and was revived at the Manhattan Opera House on December 18, 1911 for a total run of 85 performances
Up and Down Broadway Broadway revue opened at the Casino Theatre on July 18 and ran for 72 performances
The Yankee Girl Broadway production opened at the Herald Square Theatre on February 10 and ran for 92 performances
Zigeunerliebe Vienna production opened at the Carltheater on January 8
January 8 - Fabian Andre, composer (d. 1960)
January 23 - Django Reinhardt, guitarist (d. 1953)
February 3 - Blas Galindo Dimas, Mexican composer (d. 1993?)
February 25 - Winifred Shaw, US actress, singer and dancer (d. 1982)
March 9 - Samuel Barber, composer (d. 1981)
March 11 - Nicola Salerno, Italian lyricist (d. 1969)
March 15 - Anna-Lisa Björling, operatic soprano (d. 2006)
March 27 - Manfred Bukofzer, German-American musicologist (d. 1955)
April 14 - Werner Wolf Glaser, Swiss composer (d. 2006)
April 26 - Erland von Koch, Swedish composer (d. 2009)
April 30 - Levi Celerio, songwriter (d. 2002)
May 8 - Mary Lou Williams, US jazz pianist and composer (d. 1981)
May 12 - Gordon Jenkins, US songwriter, conductor and pianist (d. 1984)
May 12 - Giulietta Simionato, Italian mezzo-soprano (d. 2010)
May 13 - Cleavant Derricks, gospel songwriter (d. 1977)
May 23 - Artie Shaw, US bandleader (d. 2004)
May 28 - T. Bone Walker, blues musician (d. 1975)
June 4 - Anton Dermota, operatic tenor (d. 1989)
June 10 - Howlin' Wolf, blues singer and musician (d. 1976)
June 17 - H. Owen Reed, conductor and composer
June 18 - Ray McKinley, US drummer, singer and bandleader (d. 1995)
June 29 - Frank Loesser, US songwriter (d. 1969)
July 10 - Rafael Cepeda, folk musician (d. 1996)
July 15 - Ronald Binge, British composer (d.1973)
July 18 - Lou Busch, US arranger and composer aka Joe "Fingers" Carr (died 1979)
August 1 - Walter Scharf, film composer (died 2003)
August 7 - Freddie Slack, US pianist, composer and bandleader (d. 1965)
August 12 - Heinrich Sutermeister, Swiss composer (d. 1995)
August 17 - Erkki Aaltonen, composer (d. 1990)
August 24 - Tunde King, Nigerian singer and instrumentalist, originator of Jùjú music (d. c.1980)
September 3 - Kitty Carlisle, US actress and singer (d. 2007)
September 12 - Shep Fields, bandleader (d. 1981)
September 29 - Virginia Bruce, actress and singer (d. 1982)
October 1 - André Dumortier, pianist (d. 2004)
October 13 - Otto Joachim, composer (d. 2010)
November 22 - Ethel Smith, organist (d. 1996)
December 7 - Louis Prima, musician, singer (d. 1978)
December 10 - John H. Hammond, record producer (d. 1987)
January 19 - Otakar Hostinský, musicologist (b. 1847)
March 10 - Carl Reinecke, composer, pianist and teacher (b. 1824)
March 17 - Joaquín Valverde Durán, flautist, conductor and composer (b. 1846)
March 28 - Édouard Colonne, violinist and conductor (b. 1838)
May 3 - Lottie Collins, singer and dancer (b. 1865)
May 7 - Bernhard Cossmann, cellist (b. 1822)
Pauline Viardot, mezzo-soprano and composer (b. 1821)
Flor van Duyse, Belgian composer and musicologist (b. 1843)
May 29 - Mily Balakirev, composer (b. 1837)
July 4 - Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray, pianist and composer (b. 1840)
July 7 - Emilio Usiglio, conductor and composer (b. 1841)
July 14 - Marius Petipa, ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
August 31 - Emīls Dārziņš, composer, conductor and music critic (b. 1875) (probable suicide)
September 5 - Franz Xaver Haberl, musicologist (b. 1840)
September 24 - Rudolf Dellinger, composer (b. 1857)
October 14 - Georges Mathias, composer and pianist (b. 1826)
October 17 - Julia Ward Howe, lyricist of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" (b. 1819)
November 25 - John Henry Martin, Band instrument manufacturer (B. 1835)
date unknown - Albert Schatz, composer and librettist (b. 1839)
20th century in music
The Kingdom, Op.
51, is an oratorio for soloists, chorus and orchestra composed by Edward Elgar.
Elgar thought for a long time about the idea of writing an oratorio about the apostles.
He decided in the end to write not just one, but three oratorios (a “trilogy”).
The first one was to be about the apostles being called to follow Jesus.
This one was called The Apostles and was composed and performed in 1903.
The second one was to be about the apostles being persecuted.
This one, first performed in 1906,  was given the title The Kingdom.
The third one was going to be about the Last Judgement.
Elgar never got round to composing it, although he thought about it as late as the 1920s.
Elgar prepared the words of The Kingdom himself.
He describes events from the Acts of the Apostles, and he also put in lines from the Gospels, the Old Testament and the Apocrypha.
A lot of the music is calm and thoughtful rather than dramatic.
If Elgar had completed all three oratorios, The Kingdom  would have been the middle one: quiet and relective between two more dramatic ones.
As in The Apostles , Elgar used the idea of the Leitmotif.
This is something that Richard Wagner had developed in his operas: the technique of having short tunes (motifs) which represent particular characters or events in the story.
The Kingdom is written for a large orchestra.
There is a double chorus (the choir split into 8 parts) with semichorus, and four soloists who represent The Blessed Virgin (soprano), Mary Magdalene (contralto), St John (tenor), and St Peter (bass).
The story of The Kingdom
In the orchestral prelude we first hear tunes (motives) which we heard in The Apostles.
There are motifs which represent Jesus’ sadness, and one for Peter, another one representing the new faith, Christ the Redeemer and the prelude ends by hearing these last two at the same time.
Part I is about the Apostles and Holy Women meeting after Christ’s Ascension.
Matthew is chosen to take Judas’ place.
Part II is quite short.
Mary (Christ’s mother) and Mary Magdalene are talking about a lame man and remembering how Jesus healed the blind and the lame.
Part III is about the Pentecost.
This is when the Holy Spirit came down and gave the apostles the ability to speak all languages so that they could tell everybody in the world about Jesus.
Peter tells everybody that they should be baptised in the Name of the Lord.
Part IV John sings a big duet with Peter.
They preach to the crowd about Jesus’s resurrection, so they get arrested.
After their arrest Mary prays for the two men (this is not in the Bible, it was Elgar’s idea).
Part V The opening chorus is heard in a different form.
The Apostles and Holy Women take communion and sing the Lord's Prayer.
Christ the Redeemer appears, and the work finishes with the theme of the new faith.
The music does not end in a loud burst of glory, but quietly and peacefully.
W.H.Reed: “Elgar” pub Dent 1939
Jerrold Northrop Moore: “Edward Elgar: A Creative Life” OUP 1984
The Kingdom: Synopsis
Broadheath with Lower Broadheath is a civil parish officially  known as Lower Broadheath, in the Malvern Hills district of Worcestershire, England.
According to the 2001 census it had a population of 1,713.
The parish also includes Upper Broadheath, which is about 3 miles north-west of Worcester.
The village has a village hall, church, post office and shop, a village green with a football pitch, running track and many children's play areas.
There is a large village common.
There is also a primary school (Broadheath C.E. Primary School).
The school has about 150 children, from the age of four up to eleven.
Lower Broadheath official web site.
The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
It was passed on 11 December 1931.
The Act gave equality to the self-governing dominions of the British Empire.
It is still law in each of the Commonwealth realms.
The Statute is important because it gave legislative freedom to these countries.
Its current relevance is that it sets the basis for the continuing relationship between the Commonwealth realms and the Crown.
The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 is an Act of the Australian Parliament.
They formally accepted the Statute of Westminster 1931.
It happened on 9 October 1942.
The Act is more important for its symbolic value than for the legal effect of its provisions.
Australia was becoming more independent from the United Kingdom.
This Statute showed the independence to the world.
The Australia Act 1986 is the name of a pair of separate but related pieces of legislation.
One was an Act of the Commonwealth Parliament of Australia.
The other was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
These nearly identical Acts were passed by the two parliaments because no one knew which one had the power to do so.
The Australia Act ended the possibility for the UK to make laws for Australia.
Also the UK could not be involved in Australian government.
And no one could appeal from any Australian court to a British court.
1980s in Australia
1980s in the United Kingdom
Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales.
It is a few kilometres south of the Sydney central business district.
The Cooks River and the Georges River are the two major tributaries that flow into the bay.
On 29 April 1770, Botany Bay was the site of James Cook's first landing of HMS Endeavour on the continent of Australia.
Later the British planned Botany Bay as the site for a penal colony.
Out of these plans came the first European to live in Australia at Sydney Cove.
Aboriginal lived in this area dating back 5,000 years.
The Aboriginal people of Sydney were known as the Eora.
Even though it is a busy port, there are many types of marine life.
The area around its entrance is some of the best scuba diving in the Sydney area.
The world's largest population of weedy sea dragon found was on the southern side.
A corroboree is a ceremonial meeting of Aboriginal Australians.
The word was made by the European settlers of Australia.
It was an imitation of the Eora word caribberie.
At a corroboree, Aborigines interact with the Dreamtime through dance, music and costume.
Many ceremonies act out events from the Dreamtime.
Many of the ceremonies are sacred.
People from outside a community cannot participate or watch.
Andrew Austen Luck (born September 12, 1989) is an American football quarterback for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL).
He played college football for Stanford University.
He was also the first person taken in the 2012 NFL Draft by the Colts.
Blue Mountains (New South Wales), Australia
City of Blue Mountains, a local government area west of Sydney
Blue Mountains railway line
Electoral district of Blue Mountains
Greater Blue Mountains Area, a World Heritage Site
Blue Mountains (Nunavut), Canada
The Blue Mountains, Ontario, a town in Canada
Blue Mountains (Congo), northwest of Lake Albert
Sinimäed Hills (Blue Mountains) in Estonia, near Narva
Nilgiri mountains (Blue Mountains), southern India
Blue Mountains (Jamaica)
Blue Mountains (New Zealand), in West Otago
Blue Mountains (Niger), a mountain range near the Aïr Mountains in Niger
Blue Mountains (Oregon), United States
Blue Mountains (ecoregion), a Level III ecoregion
Blue Mountains or Abajo Mountains, Utah, United States
The Blue Mountains (Elgar), a song about Australia by Sir Edward Elgar to a poem by Alfred Noyes
The Blue Mountains (fairy tale), a fairy tale by Andrew Lang in The Yellow Fairy Book
Blue Mountains (Middle-earth) or Ered Luin, fictional mountains in Tolkien's Middle-earth
Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3, is an American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL).
He played college football for Baylor University, and won the 2011 Heisman Trophy for being the best college player that year.
He was the second person taken  by the Washington Redskins with the second pick of the 2012 NFL Draft.
Later in 2016 he was traded to the Cleveland  Browns.
He is now the secondary quarterback behind Lamar Jackson.
The Blue Mountains is a region in New South Wales, Australia.
The foothills start about  west of the state capital, Sydney.
The area begins on the west side of the Nepean River.
It goes west as far as Coxs River.
The Blue Mountains is an Australian natural wonder and World Heritage-listed area.
It is mainly a sandstone plateau.
The highest point of the range is Mount Werong.
A large part of the Blue Mountains is in the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site.
The area has seven national park areas and a conservation reserve.
The Greater Blue Mountains Area has over 400 different forms of animals.
Among them are rare mammal species like Spotted-tailed Quoll, the Koala, the yellow-bellied Glider, and Long-nosed Potoroo.
There are also some rare reptiles, like the Blue Mountain Water Skink.
There are also some dingos in the area.
They are the top predators and hunt for grey kangaroos.
A dog with a special training, usually called guard dog
A part of an elecronic system that makes sure the system is operating properly, called watchdog timer
Watchdog (TV series), British television series
Gregory Blaxland was born 17 June 1778 at Fordwich, Kent, England.
He was the fourth son of John Blaxland, mayor from 1767 to 1774.
His mother was Mary, daughter of Captain Parker, R.N. Gregory attended The King's School, Canterbury.
In July 1799 he married Elizabeth, daughter of John Spurdon.
The Blaxlands were friends of Sir Joseph Banks.
Banks influenced Gregory and his older brother, John, to move from England.
The government promised them land, convict servants and free passages.
Gregory sailed in the William Pitt on 1 September 1805 with his wife, three children, two servants, an overseer, a few sheep, seed, bees, tools, groceries and clothing.
When he reached Sydney he sold many of these goods for a good amount of money.
He bought eighty head of cattle.
Blue Mountains expedition
In 1813, he led the first known European trip across the Blue Mountains.
He went along with William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth.
Their trip opened up the inland of the continent.
Blaxland visited England and in February 1823 he published his Journal Of A Tour Of Discovery Across The Blue Mountains.
Later the same year Blaxland was awarded the silver medal of the Royal Society of Arts for some wine he had sent to London.
Five years later he got the gold medal.