the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He also wrote a book of ballads in the manner of François Villon 52 hořkých balad věčného studenta Roberta Davida.
Nezval's most important works are poems Edison, Signál času, Akrobat and Podivuhodný kouzelník.
They were collected in the book named Básně noci.
His novel Valérie a týden divů was made into a movie in 1970 by Jaromil Jireš.
Many his poems were translated into English.
For example Ewald Osers translated Edison.
Vítězslav Nezval, Edison.
Báseň o pěti zpěvech.
English translation: Ewald Osers, Dvořák, Pelhřimov 2003,
A bamboo floor is a kind of flooring which is made using bamboo plants.
Today, most of the bamboo flooring products come from China and other parts of Asia.
Moso bamboo is a type of bamboo most commonly used for this type of flooring.
The Vinča culture was a culture during the stone age, roughly from 5400 BC to 4600 BC.
It is named for a large site found close to modern-day Belgrade, Serbia.
In addition to the territory of modern-day Serbia, sites have also been discovered in Romania, Hungary and Bosnia.
Today, it is known for many ceramic figurines.
Some of these figurines also have symbols on them, which have been interpreted as an early form of writing.
These symbols are called Vinča symbols.
The Vinča culture was the first to develop the knowledge and skills to process copper, in the late 6th millennium BC.[2]
The Vinča script is a cache of symbols found belonging to the Vinča culture of the central Balkans over 7000 years ago.
The symbols have been a topic of debate amongst historians.
The Tărtăria tablets are three tablets discovered in 1961 in the village of Tărtăria(Hungarian: Alsótatárlaka).
This is about 30 km (19 mi) from Alba Iulia in Romania.[10]The tablets, dated to around 5300 BC,[11] have symbols inclay: the Vinča symbols.
This is a suburb of Belgrade (Serbia), some 300 km from Turdaș.
Although some of these symbols look exactly the same as some letters in Etruscan, Greek, and Aramaic,[12] they are generally regarded as a an original, independent development.[13]
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe under the command of General John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight World War I. At first, the AEF fought in France alongside French and British allied forces.
The war started in August 1914 and the AEF arrived in April 1917, the last year of the war.
They were fighting against the German Empire.
In September 1918 the AEF launched its first major offensive as an independent army.
This is a list of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, from the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan to the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Foreign Ministers of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
Mammedhasan Hajinski (May 28, 1918 – October 6, 1918)
Alimardan Topchubashev (October 6, 1918 – December 7, 1918)
Fatali Khan Khoyski (December 26, 1918 – March 14, 1919)
Mammad Yusif Jafarov (March 14, 1919 – December 22, 1919)
Fatali Khan Khoyski, second term (December 24, 1919 – April 1,  1920)
Foreign Ministers of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Nariman Narimanov (April, 1920 – May 2,  1921)
Mirza Davud Huseynov (May 1921 – December, 1921)
No Ministers of Foreign Affairs between 1921-1944
Mahmud Aliyev (politician) (1944 – 1958)
Tahire Tahirova (1959 – 1983)
Elmira Qafarova (December 1, 1983 – December 22, 1987)
Huseynaga Sadigov (January 23, 1988 – October 18, 1991)
Foreign Ministers of Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
Huseynaga Sadigov (January 23, 1988 – May 29, 1992)
Tofig Gasimov (July 4, 1992 – June 26, 1993)
Hasan Hasanov (September 2, 1993 – February 16, 1998)
Tofig Zulfugarov (March 5, 1998 – October 26, 1999)
Vilayat Guliyev (October 26, 1999 – April 7, 2004)
Elmar Mammadyarov (April 7, 2004 – )
List of the Foreign Ministers of Azerbaijan with short bio and photos
Azerbaijan, Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Hair clippers are tools used to cut hair close to the head.
Similar tools are used to cut wool from sheep.
Hair clippers have a pair of sharpened comb-like blades in close contact one above the other and the side which slide sideways relative to each other.
The clipper is moved so that hair is positioned between the teeth of the comb, and cut with a scissor action when one blade slides sideways relative to the other.
Leo J. Wahl invented the first electric hair clipper.
He first designed a hand-held massager for his uncle, Dr. Frank Wahl.
Frank Wahl opened a manufacturing plant in Sterling, Illinois to produce and sell Leo’s massager.
During this time, Leo would sell massagers to various barbers and noticed an opportunity to improve upon the tools barbers were using at the time.
Merry Christmas with Love is Clay Aiken's first Christmas album.
It was released by RCA Records on November 16, 2004.
It was certified platinum and was recognized by Billboard as the Best-selling Christmas/holiday album of 2004 and the Best-selling Christian album of 2005.
The album was re-released on August 18, 2009 on the Sony label.
Merry Christmas with Love debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with about 270,000 copies sold.
This was its highest position on the chart.
By the end of 2004, around 1,004,000 copies of the album had been sold.
The album set a new record for fastest-selling holiday album, since SoundScan began in March 1991.
It tied Céline Dion's record for the highest debut by a holiday album in the history of Billboard magazine.
On January 6, 2005, Merry Christmas with Love was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of one million copies in the U.S.  Going into the 2010 Christmas season, 1,416,000 copies had been sold in the U.S. and 2 million worldwide.
2004: Won - Best Selling Christmas Album - Merry Christmas with Love
2005: Won - Best Selling Christian Album - Merry Christmas with Love
2005: Won - Outstanding Yule CD - Merry Christmas with Love
The Arauco Province () is one of three provinces of the Chilean region of Bío Bío (VIII).
The provincial capital Is the city of Lebu.
In 1927, Arauco was eliminated as a province and became again part of the province of Concepción but, in 1934, Arauco was made again a province with the departments Arauco, Cañete and Lebu.
When the regions were created in 1975, the Bío Bío region was formed with the Arauco, Biobío, Concepción and Ñuble provinces.
The Arauco province is in the southwest of the Bío Bío region along the Pacific Ocean, with an area of .
The capital, Lebu, is on the coast about  south of Concepción, the capital of the region.
The Mocha island is a small island that is west of the Arauco province, in the Pacific Ocean.
It is part of the comuna of Lebu.
(last national census), there were 157,255 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The urban population was 117,569 persons ( of the total).
The largest city in 2002 of the province is Curanilahue with 30,126 inhabitants.
Its capital Lebu, has a population of 20,838 inhabitants.
Other cities are Cañete (19,839 inhabitants), Arauco (16,291 inhabitants) and Los Álamos (13,035 inhabitants).
As a province, Arauco is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 7 communes (comunas).
The city of Lebu serves as the provincial capital.
Province of Arauco website
He was the unsuccessful nominee of the Reform Party and that of his self-created American Delta Party for President of the United States in the 2016 election.
De La Fuente was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in Florida's 2016 election for United States Senator and  for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2016 primaries.
De La Fuente was born to Roque Antonio De La Fuente and Bertha Guerra Izaguirre on October 10, 1954 in San Diego, California.
He studied at  National Autonomous University of Mexico and studied Accounting & Business Administration at Anahuac University.
In 2004, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation issued an order barring De La Fuente from participating in an FDIC-insured institution.
De La Fuente went to court and the case was resolved.
Political Campaigns
2016 presidential
De La Fuente ran a presidential campaign in the 2016 election.
De La Fuente sought the Democratic Party's nomination during their presidential primaries.
De La Fuente's campaign came in Third behind Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders.
2016 Senate campaign
On June 20, 2016, De La Fuente paid the $10,440 qualifying fee to run for the Democratic nomination of the 2016 Senate election in Florida to decide the Democratic nominee for the Senate seat occupied by Republican Marco Rubio.
He competed with Patrick Murphy, Alan Grayson, Pam Keith, and Reginald Luster for the nomination.
Murphy won the nomination; De La Fuente came in fourth-place out of five candidates, receiving 60,606 votes (5.38% of the overall vote).
2018 Senate Campaigns
In 2018, De La Fuente, ran for US Senate in seven Republican primaries and the California and Washington open primaries to show how problematic the current election process was.
He lost the primaries in Wyoming (1,280 votes, 1.1% of the vote), Hawaii (3,065 votes, 9.4% of the vote ), Minnesota (17,051 votes, 5.9% of the vote), Vermont (1,057 votes, 2.9% of the vote), Delaware (1,998 votes, 5.3% of the vote), and Rhode Island (3,722 votes, 12.3% of the vote).
In Florida, he got 11.4% of the vote against Republican Gov. Rick Scott.
He also filed to run for the 2018 Senate election in California under the Republican Party to unseat incumbent Dianne Feinstein, but failed in the June 5 primary.
On January 9, 2017, De La Fuente announced his plans to run for president again for the Democratic nomination in 2020.
He soon filed to run for the Republican nomination.
He has qualified as a candidate in Alabama, Delaware, Vermont, Arkansas, New Hampshire, Colorado, and Texas.
On July 30, De La Fuente filed a federal lawsuit against the new California law that says no one can be on a presidential primary ballot unless he or she reveals the last five years of federal income tax returns.
On August 6, 2019, he filed a brief on it.
2020 congressional
De La Fuente ran as a Republican in the campaign for the U.S. House of Representatives seat for California's 21st district. (
Unlike most other states, California has no law prohibiting simultaneously running for the presidency and for Congress.)
His son Ricardo ran for the same seat as a Democrat.
Neither De La Fuente lives in the district.
Rocky felt that his candidacy would help his son's chances of getting the seat, which was the outcome he desired.
Neither De La Fuente succeeded in this primary, coming in third (Ricardo) and fourth (Rocky) in a four-candidate jungle primary in which the top two vote-getters compete in the general election.
However, on the same day, Ricardo, who had previously run for the House from California's 34th and Florida's 23rd districts, won the Democratic primary for U.S. representative for Texas's 27th district, but went on to lose the general election.
De La Fuente has five children.
De La Fuente has a stated goal of creating a political dynasty.
Two of his sons have also sought office.
His son Ricardo "Ricky" De La Fuente has sought several congressional seats.
He first ran as a Democrat in the 2017 California's 34th congressional district special election.
He then, in 2018, unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Florida's 24th US congressional district.
In 2020 he unsuccessfully ran as a Democrat in the California's 21st US congressional district (competing against his father, who ran unsuccessfully as a Republican) and successfully won the Democratic nomination for Texas's 27th US congressional district (where he hopes to become a resident).
In 2020, Ricardo was also originally running for the Democratic nomination in Florida's 24th US congressional district.
In 2020, his son Roque De La Fuente III entered the Democratic presidential primaries in Arizona, California,  Colorado, Idaho, Missouri, New Hampshire, Texas, and Utah.
U.S. Senate primaries
2018 Senate primaries
Rocky 2016 campaign website
Columnist Dave Barry on meeting De La Fuente
Rocky De La Fuente ran a third-party campaign for the presidency of the United States in the 2016 election.
De La Fuente had sought the Democratic Party's nomination during their presidential primaries.
De La Fuente's campaign did not win a single delegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention, but he came in fourth by total votes received.
De La Fuente founded the American Delta Party, and ran as its presidential nominee with running mate Michael Steinberg.
He was also nominated as the presidential nominee of the Reform Party which has ballot access in Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
Columnist Dave Barry on meeting De la Fuente
2016 United States presidential campaigns
Catherine Marie Cortez Masto (born March 29, 1964) is an American attorney and politician.
She is the senior United States Senator from Nevada.
She was the Attorney General of Nevada from 2007 to 2015, elected to replace George Chanos.
Todd Christopher Young (born August 24, 1972) is an American politician.
He is the senior U.S. Senator from Indiana.
He previously served as a U.S. Representative for  from 2011 to 2017.
On November 8, 2016, Young was elected to the United States Senate in the general election.
Young defeated Evan Bayh.
Todd Young for Senate
Birch Evans "Evan" Bayh III ( ; born December 26, 1955) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician.
He served as the junior U.S. Senator from Indiana from 1999 to 2011.
He earlier served as the 46th Governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997.
His father was former Senator Birch Bayh.
On February 15, 2010, Bayh unexpectedly announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate in 2010.
After leaving the Senate, he was replaced by his predecessor, Dan Coats.
Following the withdrawal of 2016 Democratic primary winner Baron Hill, Bayh announced that he would be running to take back his old Senate seat from retiring Republican incumbent Dan Coats.
He was defeated in the general election.
John Charles Carney Jr. (born May 20, 1956) is the Governor of Delaware.
He was the U.S. Representative for  from 2011 to 2017.
He was the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware from 2001 to 2009.
John Carney for Governor
Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2010)
Eric Holcomb (born May 2, 1968) is an American politician.
He currently serves as the 51st Governor of Indiana.
He previously served as the 51st Lieutenant Governor of Indiana.
He was nominated to fill the remainder of Sue Ellspermann's term.
Ellspermann resigned on March 2, 2016 to become president of Ivy Tech Community College.
He is a member of the Republican Party, and successfully ran for Governor of Indiana in the 2016 election.
Lieutenant Governors of Indiana
Eric Robert Greitens (born April 10, 1974) is an American politician, author, humanitarian, and former Navy SEAL.
He is the 56th Governor of the state of Missouri from January 9, 2017 until his resignation in June 1, 2018.
Greitens is the Former President and founder of The Mission Continues, a nonprofit organization for veterans.
On February 22, 2018, Greitens was indicted on felony invasion of privacy charges, relating to alleged actions associated with an affair he disclosed a month earlier.
On May 29, 2018 Greitens announced that he would resign from office effective 5pm on Friday, June 1, 2018.
Greitens is now a Republican.
He used to be a Democrat.
Christopher T. "Chris" Sununu (born November 5, 1974) is the 82nd Governor of New Hampshire.
Sununu was a Republican member of the New Hampshire Executive Council from 2011 to 2017.
He also serves as chief executive officer of the Waterville Valley Ski Resort in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire.
He earned a bachelor's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Sununu is a son of former New Hampshire Governor John H. Sununu and brother of former U.S. Senator John E. Sununu.
Chris Sununu for Governor
New Hampshire bio of Sununu
ABC News article on Sununu
Doug Burgum (born August 1, 1956) is an American entrepreneur, philanthropist and politician.
He is the 33rd Governor of North Dakota as a member of the Republican Party.
He joined Great Plains Software in 1983 and became the company’s President in 1984 until resigning in 2016 for his gubernatorial run.
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician.
He is the 82nd and current Governor of Vermont since January 5, 2017.
Before being Governor, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017.
A Republican, he won the 2016 general election with over 52% of the vote.
James Conley Justice II (born April 27, 1951) is an American coal and agriculture businessman and politician from West Virginia.
He is the Governor of West Virginia.
He is the owner of over 50 companies, including The Greenbrier, a luxury resort.
Justice is the only billionaire from the state of West Virginia.
A Republican, Justice ran for Governor of West Virginia in the 2016 general election as the Democratic nominee.
He won the general election and became Governor of West Virginia in 2017.
On January 11, 2022, Justice tested positive for COVID-19 and described feeling "extremely unwell".
He said that his heart rate and blood pressure were high.
Governor Jim Justice official government site
Justice for WV campaign website
"Jim Justice" article in The West Virginia Encyclopedia
Jōdō (杖道:じょうどう?)
or  is a Japanese martial art.
Jōdō uses a short staff called a jō.
The jō is a short staff, usually about 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) long.
Jōdō is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword.
The art is similar to bōjutsu.
Conor Anthony McGregor (born 14 July 1988) is an retired Irish cap mixed martial artist and boxer.
He started his career in 2008.
He is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
He is the former UFC Featherweight Champion and UFC Lightweight Champion.
He has fought as a featherweight, lightweight and welterweight.
He began his boxing career in 2017.
He lost to Floyd Mayweather Jr. in his first match.
McGregor returned to MMA on 6 October 2018 to regain the Lightweight Championship from Khabib Nurmagomedov but lost via submission.
McGregor was born in Dublin.
His parents are Tony and Margaret McGregor.
He started kickboxing at the age of 12.
His girlfriend since 2008 is Dee Devlin.
Their son, Conor Jack McGregor, was born in May 2017.
UFC profile on UFC
The Nutshack is a Filipino-American animated sitcom created By Jesse Hernandez and Ramon Lopez.
The show received critical acclaim from critics for its excellent jokes and comedic timing, outstanding social commentary and high quality animation.
Aquarius is the eleventh astrological sign of the Zodiac.
The name is from the constellation Aquarius.
It is an air sign.
It is ruled by Uranus (Modern) and Saturn (Ancient.)
Roger Joseph Boscovich (18 May 1711 - 13 February 1787) was a Croatian polymath and Jesuit from the city of Dubrovnik in the Republic of Ragusa (modern-day Croatia).
He studied and lived in Italy and France, where he published many of his works.
He produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy.
In 1753 he discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon.
In Vienna in 1758, he published the first edition of his famous work, Philosophiæ naturalis theoria redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium (Theory of natural philosophy derived to the single law of forces which exist in nature).
It included his atomic theory and his theory of forces.
A second edition was published in 1763 in Venice and a third again in Vienna in 1764.
In 1922 it was published in London, and in 1966 in the United States.
Another edition was published in Zagreb in 1974.
Boscovich was born in  Dubrovnik as the youngest of seven children.
He joined the Jesuit school in Dubrovnik, leaving for Rome in 1725.
In Rome he was under the care of 2 Jesuit priests whom introduced him to the Society of Jesus.
In 1731, enrolled in college at Sant'Andrea delle Fratte.
There, he studied mathematics and physics and in 1740 he was appointed professor of mathematics in the college.
In 1742 he and other scientists were consulted by Pope Benedict XIV, as to the best way of securing the structure of the dome of St. Peter's, Rome, in which a crack had been discovered.
His suggested placing five iron bands and it was accepted.
In 1758, Roger Joseph Boscovich described a version of atomic theory.
He explained the resistance of hard bodies as due to force rather than "hardness". "
The primary elements of matter are in my opinion perfectly indivisible & non-extended points".
Official website of Nax
Ventilation is the introduction of fresh air, usually from the outside, into a space, while sending stale air back out.
Fans and pumps, vent grates and air flow tunnels are common in these structures.
The simplest systems are called “natural ventilation,” which usually means that they get their airflow through vents opening to the outside.
Mechanical systems are more popular for industry.
Mechanical systems are able to regulate other things, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen levels.
Fresh air prevents issues like mold and bacteria growth, as well as the spread of disease.
It helps eliminate dust, which can lead to cleaner living standards.
Single rooms can sometimes be ventilated by opening a window or door, but this isn’t as successful for larger structures.
Ventilation usually collaborates with heating and cooling systems, but not always and they aren’t only limited to buildings.
Vehicles frequently have ventilation systems that control air circulation and air quality.
In ancient Persia, structures called windcatchers were built to create natural ventilation.
These structures are a traditional method in Persia.
They became very popular and are still in use across the Middle East.
The history of African Americans in The American Civil War includes the over four million slaves and approximately 500,000 free African Americans who were living in the United States at the beginning of the war.
Altogether they made up 14% of the population of the country.
Many served as soldiers in the Union Army.
Slavery began in the English colony of Jamestown in 1619.
It started with the purchase of 20 Africans—not as reported by John Rolfe from a Dutch ship—but rather from an English warship named the White Lyon.
The Colonists in the Virginia Colony bought the contracts of the Africans as indentured servants.
Not long after this it became a custom to hold slaves for life in the colonies.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, slaves were used to raise crops of tobacco and food crops.
After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became the most important crop.
At this point slavery became a critical part of the South's economy.
With westward expansion, the question of slavery in the new territories became a subject of great debate.
It polarized the nation between the interests of the Northern industrial economy and the South's agricultural economy.
Millions of slaves were brought to America between the 17th and 19th centuries.
Slavery was one of the main issues that led to the outbreak of the Civil War.
Union forces
Union Navy
The United States Navy, during the Civil War termed the Union Navy, had separate traditions regarding African Americans.
The Militia Acts of 1792 excluded black men from serving in the United States Army.
This policy remained in place until the second year of the Civil War.
The Navy, however, never had such a policy.
In the 1840s they limited the number of blacks serving to 5 percent of the enlisted force.
But before and after, black and white men served together often performing the same duties.
Up to the start of the Civil War, several hundred black men were serving in the Navy.
After Fort Sumter was captured by Confederates, a large number of men enlisted in the Navy.
The percentage of black men in the Navy rapidly increased.
In 1861, they made up about 6 percent of the force.
By the summer of 1862 they made up about 15% of the enlisted men.
Many of the African Americans who joined the Navy were from the East Coast of the United States.
Many were experienced sailors.
Others had worked on the docks and in other related jobs in the shipping industry.
The largest number came from Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay area.
Also, a large number were transferred from the Army to the Navy in 1864.
African Americans fought in every major campaign and naval battle of the Civil War.
They served in the blockading squadrons on the South and Gulf Coasts and in the brown-water navy in the tributaries in the South.
African American women served also, most as nurses aboard the USS Red Rover (1859), a hospital ship on the Mississippi River.
African Americans served in the Navy with great distinction and eight were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest honor.
Unfortunately, this was exactly what President Abraham Lincoln did not want at the time.
He was afraid that if he armed African Americans, especially escaped or former slaves, the border states would secede.
This would only make the situation worse for the Union than it already was.
But after two years of war, Lincoln began to reconsider the idea.
The war was not going well for the North and they badly needed soldiers.
The Militia Act of 1862 allowed the army to use African Americans as laborers and soldiers for the first time since 1792.
It did not invite blacks to join the Army but it did cause some blacks to form private militia units.
In New Orleans three all-black Louisiana Native Guard units were formed (they later became the 73rd, 74th and 75th U.S. Colored Infantry).
In Kansas the First Kansas Colored Infantry was formed (later officially becoming the 79th U.S. Colored Infantry).
They fought in a skirmish at Island Mound, Missouri in November 1862.
The First South Carolina Infantry, African Descent, fought for the first time in November 1862 (later becoming the 33rd U.S. Colored Infantry).
In January 1863, these unofficial units were allowed to become part of the Union Army.
Probably the most famous unit was the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment.
In February 1863, Massachusetts governor John Albion Andrew, issued the first call for black soldiers in the North.
Over 1,000 men joined, many from as far away as Canada and even the Caribbean.
To lead them the governor chose Robert Gould Shaw, a young white officer.
On July 18, 1863, they attacked Fort Wagner guarding the southern approach to Charleston Harbor.
The 54th lost 600 men in the attack including Colonel Shaw—nearly half of the regiment.
The fort was defended by 1,700 Confederates.
Pay and treatment
Black soldiers did not receive equal pay to the white soldiers.
They also did not receive the same treatment.
Their pay was $10 a month, less $3 for uniforms.
White soldiers received $13 a month and had no deductions for uniforms.
This was changed in June 1864 when Congress voted to grant black soldiers equal pay and made the change retroactive.
While black soldiers were allowed to fight for their country, they were not treated as equals to white soldiers.
Their units were racially segregated and were commanded by white officers.
Some of their officers had very low opinions of black soldiers and did not train them well.
Captured black Union soldiers were a problem for the Confederacy.
They could not treat them the same as captured white soldiers or they would be legitimizing them as being equal.
It would also imply they accepted Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, which they did not.
Three days before the Emancipation Proclamation was to take effect, Jefferson Davis stated: “All negro slaves captured in arms be at once delivered over to the executive authorities of the respective States to which they belong.”
The Congress of the Confederate States decided to take it a step further.
They later adopted a resolution that any negroes taken in arms would be put on trial for "inciting servile insurrection" and would be punished by the death penalty.
Lincoln declared that “the law of nations … permit no distinction as to color in the treatment of prisoners of war."
He stated that if the Confederacy executed any Union soldier, the Union would do the same to a Confederate soldier.
If the Confederacy enslaved a Union soldier, a Confederate soldier would be put to hard labor.
While Davis publicly denounced Lincoln's order, it did have the desired effect on black prisoners of war.
No more were executed or sent into slavery.
But, afterwards it depended on the commander of the Confederate units as to what to do about taking black prisoners.
Many simply did not take prisoners of war but shot them as they were surrendering.
This happened at the Battle of Poison Spring, the Battle of Fort Pillow and at the Siege of Petersburg.
Confederate forces
African Americans did serve with the Confederacy.
Some went with their masters or were used as labor behind the front lines.
They also worked as teamsters and cooks.
But for most of the war black men were not allowed to serve as soldiers.
There are, however, nine known photographs of African American men dressed in Confederate uniforms.
But the photos do not come with explanations.
Of the men in the photos, four are known by name and were slaves who went with their masters to the front lines.
Near the end of the war the idea of using black soldiers was debated.
In 1864, General Patrick Cleburne suggested enlisting black slaves into the army.
The idea was considered, but it raised the question by at least one Southern politician: "What did we go to war for, if not to protect our property?"
Another said: "If slaves will make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."
General Robert E. Lee knew he needed soldiers.
He stated: "We must decide whether slavery shall be extinguished by our enemies and the slaves be used against us, or use them ourselves."
Lee suggested the slaves be freed in exchange for their service as soldiers.
But that condition was not in the bill that was approved by the Confederate Congress on March 13, 1865.
Only a few thousand blacks enlisted before the war ended.
By that time over 200,000 African Americans had served with the Union army.
The Civil War in Four Minutes: Black Soldiers; YouTube
Voices of the Civil War Episode 24:"African Americans in the Confederate Army"; YouTube
There are 4 arrondissements in the Ardennes department.
1790 : creation of the Ardennes department with six districts: Charleville, Grandpré, Rethel, Rocroi, Sedan and Vouziers.
1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Mézières, Rethel, Rocroi, Sedan and Vouziers.
1926 : the arrondissements of Rocroi and Sedan were eliminated.
1942 : Sedan is again an arrondissement of the department.
Gwendolyn L. "Gwen" Ifill (; September 29, 1955 – November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author.
She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS.
Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 American vice-presidential debates.
In 2016, she moderate the New Hampshire Democratic Primary debate between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton.
She was the author of the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama.
Gwen Ifill at PBS NewsHour
Gwen Ifill at Washington Week
Leon Russell (born Claude Russell Bridges; April 2, 1942 – November 13, 2016) was an American musician and songwriter.
He recorded as a session musician and sideman.
He had a solo career.
He had 31 albums to his credit and recorded about 430 songs.
He wrote the song "Delta Lady", recorded by Joe Cocker.
He also organized Cocker's "Mad Dogs and Englishmen" tour in 1970.
More than 100 artists have recorded his "A Song for You" (1970).
Russell produced and played in recording sessions for Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra, Ike & Tina Turner, the Rolling Stones, and others.
In 2011 he was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and introduced by longtime friend Elton John.
The arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières is an arrondissement of France in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region.
Its capital is the city of Charleville-Mézières.
It is the most northern of the arrondissements of the department.
It has an area of , the largest arrondissement of the department.
It is the arrondissement with more people living in it, with 160,939 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².
When the Ardennes department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières was part of that original department, sometimes we the name of Charleville and other times with the name of Mézières until 1966 when the two communes of Charleville and Mézières were joined to form the commune of Charleville-Mézières.
The arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières is bordered to the northwest and north by the Namur province (Belgium), to the northeast by the Luxembourg province (Belgium), to the east by the arrondissement of Sedan, to the southeast by the arrondissement of Vouziers, to the southwest by the arrondissement of Rethel and to the west by the Aisne department.
There are 11 cantons in the arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Signy-l'Abbaye (0817) (partly)
The arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières has 160 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):ː
Aiglemont (08003)
Anchamps (08011)
Antheny (08015)
Aouste (08016)
Arreux (08022)
Aubigny-les-Pothées (08026)
Aubrives (08028)
Auge (08030)
Auvillers-les-Forges (08037)
Balaives-et-Butz (08042)
Barbaise (08047)
Baâlons (08041)
Belval (08058)
Blanchefosse-et-Bay (08069)
Blombay (08071)
Bogny-sur-Meuse (08081)
Bossus-lès-Rumigny (08073)
Boulzicourt (08076)
Bourg-Fidèle (08078)
Boutancourt (08079)
Bouvellemont (08080)
Brognon (08087)
Cernion (08094)
Chagny (08095)
Chalandry-Elaire (08096)
Champigneul-sur-Vence (08099)
Champlin (08100)
Charleville-Mézières (08105)
Charnois (08106)
Chilly (08121)
Chooze (08122)
Clavy-Warby (08124)
Cliron (08125)
Damouzy (08137)
Deville (08139)
Dom-le-Mesnil (08140)
Dommery (08141)
Estrebay (08154)
Fagnon (08162)
Flaignes-Havys (08169)
Fligny (08172)
Flize (08173)
Foisches (08175)
Fromelennes (08183)
Fumay (08185)
Fépin (08166)
Gernelle (08187)
Gespunsart (08188)
Girondelle (08189)
Givet (08190)
Gruyères (08201)
Guignicourt-sur-Vence (08203)
Gué-d'Hossus (08202)
Ham-les-Moines (08206)
Ham-sur-Meuse (08207)
Hannappes (08208)
Hannogne-Saint-Martin (08209)
Harcy (08212)
Hargnies (08214)
Haudrecy (08216)
Haulmé (08217)
Haybes (08222)
Hierges (08226)
Houldizy (08230)
Issancourt-et-Rumel (08235)
Jandun (08236)
Joigny-sur-Meuse (08237)
L'Échelle (08149)
La Francheville (08180)
La Férée (08167)
La Grandville (08199)
La Horgne (08228)
La Neuville-aux-Joûtes (08318)
Laifour (08242)
Lalobbe (08243)
Landrichamps (08247)
Launois-sur-Vence (08248)
Laval-Morency (08249)
Le Châtelet-sur-Sormonne (08110)
Le Fréty (08182)
Les Ayvelles (08040)
Les Hautes-Rivières (08218)
Les Mazures (08284)
Liart (08254)
Logny-Bogny (08257)
Lonny (08260)
Lumes (08263)
Lépron-les-Vallées (08251)
Maranwez (08272)
Marby (08273)
Marlemont (08277)
Maubert-Fontaine (08282)
Mazerny (08283)
Mondigny (08295)
Montcornet (08297)
Montcy-Notre-Dame (08298)
Monthermé (08302)
Montigny-sur-Meuse (08304)
Montigny-sur-Vence (08305)
Murtin-et-Bogny (08312)
Neufmaison (08315)
Neufmanil (08316)
Neuville-lez-Beaulieu (08319)
Neuville-lès-This (08322)
Nouvion-sur-Meuse (08327)
Nouzonville (08328)
Omicourt (08334)
Omont (08335)
Poix-Terron (08341)
Prez (08344)
Prix-lès-Mézières (08346)
Raillicourt (08352)
Rancennes (08353)
Regniowez (08355)
Remilly-les-Pothées (08358)
Renwez (08361)
Revin (08363)
Rimogne (08365)
Rocroi (08367)
Rouvroy-sur-Audry (08370)
Rumigny (08373)
Saint-Laurent (08385)
Saint-Marceau (08388)
Saint-Marcel (08389)
Saint-Pierre-sur-Vence (08395)
Sapogne-et-Feuchères (08400)
Signy-l'Abbaye (08419)
Signy-le-Petit (08420)
Singly (08422)
Sormonne (08429)
Sury (08432)
Sécheval (08408)
Sévigny-la-Forêt (08417)
Taillette (08436)
Tarzy (08440)
Thilay (08448)
Thin-le-Moutier (08449)
This (08450)
Touligny (08454)
Tournavaux (08456)
Tournes (08457)
Tremblois-lès-Rocroi (08460)
Vaux-Villaine (08468)
Vendresse (08469)
Ville-sur-Lumes (08483)
Villers-Semeuse (08480)
Villers-le-Tilleul (08478)
Villers-sur-le-Mont (08482)
Vireux-Molhain (08486)
Vireux-Wallerand (08487)
Vivier-au-Court (08488)
Vrigne-Meuse (08492)
Warcq (08497)
Warnécourt (08498)
Yvernaumont (08503)
Élan (08152)
Étalle (08155)
Éteignières (08156)
Étrépigny (08158)
Évigny (08160)
Charleville-Mezieres
Ricardo Antonio "Ricky" Rosselló Nevares (born March 7, 1979) is a Puerto Rican college professor, scientist, and politician.
He was the Governor of Puerto Rico and President of the New Progressive Party.
In mid-July 2019, Rosselló faced controversy after his phone messages were leaked which revealed homophobic messages, plans to create troll accounts for Facebook, evidence of corruption and death threats towards Mayor of San Juan Carmen Yulín Cruz.
In July 21, he announced that he would not seek re-election in 2022.
On July 24, Rosselló announced his resignation on August 2.
Charles Wesley Turnbull (born February 5, 1935), was the 27th Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands serving from 1999 through 2007.
During his tenure as governor, Turnbull served as a member of the National Governors Association, the Southern Governors' Association, and the Democratic Governors Association.
Pedro "Teno" Pangelinan Tenorio (April 18, 1934 – May 21, 2018) was a Northern Mariana Islander politician.
He was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
With 12 years in office, Tenorio is the longest-serving Governor in CNMI history.
Paul McDonald Calvo (born July 25, 1934) is an Guamanian politician.
He was the third elected Governor of Guam from January 1, 1979 to January 3, 1983.
Calvo was born in Agana, Guam.
His son, Eddie Calvo, was elected governor of Guam in 2011.
Paul M. Calvo Bio at Guampedia, Guam's Online Encyclopedia
Carlos Garcia Camacho (November 16, 1924 – December 6, 1979) was a Guamanian politician and member of the Republican Party.
He served as the last appointed Governor of Guam from 1969 to 1971 and the first elected Governor of Guam from 1971 to 1975.
Carlos S. Camacho, former Northern Mariana Islands governor
Carlos Camacho (actor), Colombian actor
Carlos Camacho Lutman, footballer
Carlos Sablan Camacho (born February 27, 1937) was the first elected Governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, a commonwealth of the United States.
He served as governor from January 9, 1978 through January 11, 1982.
He was a member of the  Democratic.
Camacho was born in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands.
He studied at the University of Hawaii and at the Fiji School of Medicine.
Peter Tali Coleman (December 8, 1919 – April 28, 1997) was an American politician.
He was the first person of Samoan descent to be appointed Governor of American Samoa and later became the territory's first popularly elected governor.
Obituary in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin
New York Times: Peter Coleman, 77, Governor of American Samoa
Honolulu Advertiser: Nora Stewart Coleman, 85, former first lady of American Samoa
Aifili Paulo Lauvao (December 24, 1919 – August 1, 2002) was an American politician.
He served twice as governor of American Samoa from 1985 through 89 and again from 1993 through 1997.
He was the founder of the U.S territory's Democratic Party.
He had a long career in the legislature and the judiciary in American Samoa.
Lutali was born in Aunu'u Island, American Samoa.
He was elected to the American Samoa House of Representatives in 1955 and served as its speaker from 1955 through 1958.
Lutali died on August 1, 2002 from complications of a stroke at a hospital in Pago Pago, American Samoa, aged 82.
Katherine Laverne Starks (July 21, 1922 – November 3, 2016), known as Kay Starr, was an American pop and jazz singer.
She was popular in the 1940s and 1950s.
She is best remembered for introducing two songs that became #1 hits in the 1950s, "Wheel of Fortune" and "The Rock And Roll Waltz".
The Kay Starr homepage
Biography of Kay Starr  (in Spanish)
The Iceberg site
Kay Starr discography
Kay Starr interview on KUOW 94.9 (NPR) Seattle, 2006
Blinky Bill the Movie is a 2015 Australian computer-animated adventure movie based on the Blinky Bill character, an anthropomorphic koala created by Dorothy Wall for a children's book series in 1933.
The film was produced by Flying Bark Productions (formerly known as Yoram Gross Films Studio, which also produced Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala, a 1992 traditional-animated film featuring the character), and co-produced by Assemblage Entertainment (India) and Telegael (Ireland).
Blinky Bill is a koala with a big imagination.
An adventurer at heart, he dreams of leaving the little town of Green Patch and following in his explorer father's footsteps.
Mr Bill went missing in the Outback sometime ago and Blinky is the only one who believes his father is still alive.
When Blinky discovers a mysterious marker that hints at his Dad's whereabouts, he embarks on a journey that takes him beyond the boundary of Green Patch and into the wild and dangerous Outback.
He quickly makes friends with Nutsy, a zoo koala, and Jacko, a nervous frill-necked lizard.
Pursued relentlessly by a vengeful feral cat who has a personal score to settle with Blinky, the trio must learn to work together if they ever want to survive the rugged Australian landscape and find Blinky's father!
Ryan Kwanten as Blinky Bill
Robin McLeavy as Nutsy
Rufus Sewell as Sir Claude "The Cat"
David Wenham as Jacko
Toni Collette as Cheryl and Beryl
Richard Roxburgh as Mr. Bill
Deborah Mailman as Mrs. Bill
Barry Otto as Mayor Wilberforce Cranklepot
Barry Humphries as Wombo
Tin Pang as Jorge
Cam Ralph as Splodge and Robert
Charlotte Rose Hamlyn as Marcia Mouse
Billy Birmingham as Tony and Richard
Ryan Kwanten (born 28 November 1976) is an Australian actor.
He played Vinnie Patterson from 1997 to 2002 in the Australian soap opera Home and Away.
After his stint ended he joined the American teen drama series Summerland, portraying Jay Robertson.
In 2008, he was cast as Jason Stackhouse in True Blood, he roles the animated voice talents in Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole and Blinky Bill the Movie.
David Wenham (born 21 September 1965) is an Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions.
He is known in Hollywood for his roles as Faramir in The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, Carl in Van Helsing, Dilios in 300 and its sequel 300: Rise of an Empire,  Al Parker in Top of the Lake, and Lieutenant John Scarfield in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales.
He is known in his native Australia for his role as Diver Dan in SeaChange.
Wenham was born in Marrickville, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Blinky Bill the Movie 2015
In 2012, McLeavy was nominated for the Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Leading Actress for The Loved Ones, but lost against Elizabeth Olsen for Silent House.
Deborah Mailman (born 14 July 1972) is an Australian television film actress, and singer.
She was the first Aboriginal actress to win the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and had gone on to win four more both in television and film.
The awards are now known as the AACTA Awards.
She is well known for having played the character Kelly Lewis on successful Australian television series, The Secret Life of Us.
She is also well known for her current role as Cherie Butterfield in the successful Australian drama series Offspring.
She also portrayed the role of Lorraine in the rotating cast of the acclaimed Australian TV series about Aboriginal life Redfern Now.
She starred in lead roles in the acclaimed films Rabbit-Proof Fence, Oddball, The Sapphires, Blinky Bill, and Paper Planes.
Enantiornithes is a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense).
They are the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era.
Most had teeth and clawed fingers on each wing, but otherwise looked much like modern birds.
Over 80 species of enantiornitheans have been named, but some names represent only single bones, so probably not all are valid species.
Enantiornitheans became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, as did the hesperornithids and all other non-avian dinosaurs.
The Enantiornithes are thought to have left no living descendants.
The name "Enantiornithes" means "opposite birds", from Ancient Greek enantios (ἐνάντιος) "opposite" + ornithes (όρνιθες) "birds" .
The name was coined by Cyril Alexander Walker in a landmark paper which established the group.
In his paper, Walker explained what he meant by "opposite":
This refers to an anatomical feature.
The articulation of the shoulder bones has a concave-convex socket joint which is the reverse of the joint in modern birds.
Barry Otto (born 1941) is an Australian actor and voice actor, primarily of cinema.
He is also an amateur artist.
Otto received an AACTA Award for Best Supporting Actor in Strictly Ballroom.
He was also nominated for Bliss, Cosi and The More Things Change.... Otto portrayed Administrator Allsop in Australia in 2008.
He has appeared in The Dressmaker, Kiss or Kill, Dead Letter Office, The Visitor, The Great Gatsby, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole, Love's Brother, Blinky Bill.
An amateur artist, he often paints members of his family.
Otto has twice entered the Archibald Prize.
He is the father of actresses Gracie and Miranda Otto.
The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the method of propulsion.
Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences.
The question of who invented the first automobile depends on how automobiles are defined.
Early pioneers
In 1769 the first steam-powered automobile capable of transporting people was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot.
In 1807 François Isaac de Rivaz designed the first hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine.
In 1813 he built a car  long and weighing over .
Between 1832 and 1839, Robert Anderson built the first electric-powered carriage in Scotland.
In 1864 Siegfried Marcus built the first gasoline powered internal combustion engine.
In 1870 he placed it on a pushcart making it the first four wheeled gasoline-powered vehicle.
He built four more combustion-engine cars over a 10-to-15-year span that influenced later cars.
The car's second version in 1880 introduced a four-cycle, gasoline-powered engine.
It had an ingenious carburetor design, and magneto ignition.
He created an additional two models further refining his design with steering, a clutch, and brakes.
His second car is on display at the Technical Museum in Vienna.
During his lifetime, he was honored as the originator of the motorcar.
But his place in history was all but erased by the Nazis during World War II.
Because Marcus was of Jewish descent, the Nazi propaganda office ordered his work to be destroyed, his name expunged from future textbooks, and his public memorials removed.
They gave credit instead to Karl Benz.
In 1885-1886, Karl Benz developed a petrol- or gasoline-powered automobile.
It was called the Benz Patent-Motorwagen.
This is also considered to be the first "production" automobile.
In 1886, Gottlieb Daimler built the first four-wheeled, four-stroke engine called the "Cannstatt-Daimler."
In 1893, Charles Duryea and his brother J. Frank Duryea built the first successful gasoline-powered car with a two-stroke engine.
The two brothers set up the first American car manufacturing company.
In 1895, George Baldwin Selden received the patent for the combined internal-combustion engine with a carriage.
He never produced the vehicle and only seldom collected royalties for using his patent.
In 1908, Henry Ford began producing affordable, simple and reliable cars anyone could drive.
Evolution of the automobile
Invention era
This is the period starts with the car made by Karl Benz in 1885.
There were earlier inventions that used mainly steam-power to move the vehicles but the Benz car was the first to use a gasoline powered internal combustion engine in what could be called an automobile.
The period goes up to the start of the production of Henry Ford's Model T.
Manufacturing era
This period dates from 1908 to 1914 and the beginning of World War I. While earlier designs were more ornamental, vehicles from this period are simpler and more affordable.
It is the time when hundreds of smaller automobile manufacturers were trying to compete for attention and sales.
A number of improvements were developed during this time.
These include the electric ignition system, four-wheel brakes and the independent suspension.