the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In 2006, he created Prope, an independent game company.
In January 2018, he joined Square Enix.
Naka learned how to program by copying and debugging video game code printed in magazines.
The experience made him want to study assemblers and practice writing code during his school classes.
After graduating high school, Naka decided to skip university and stay in his home town.
Around 1983, Naka saw that Sega was looking for programming assistants.
He decided to apply.
After a short interview, he started working for Sega in April 1984.
His first task was designing maps and checking floppy disks for a game called Road Runner for the SF-7000.
Naka can't remember if the game was ever released.
His first major project was a game called Girl's Garden.
He and Hiroshi Kawaguchi created it together as part of their training process.
Official Prope website (Japanese)
Sonic Team Speaks (archived by the WaybackMachine)
Sega's Yuji Naka Talks!
Yuji Naka On New Beginnings At His Studio, Prope
Life after Sega: The Sonic creator talks about being free of the hedgehog
the US is unique and special
the US has a unique mission to transform the world
the US is superior to other nations because of its unique history and mission
Unique nation
The US started from the American Revolutionary War.
Martin Lipset calls it the "first new nation".
It developed an American set of ideas (Americanism) based on republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire (no government interference in economy), liberty, equality, individualism (importance of individual).
Unique mission
American decline
Americanism (ideology)
Americanization
Juche (nationalist North Korean state ideology)
Sonderweg (German exceptionalism)
Yamato-damashii (Japanese spirit)
Nihonjinron (Japanese uniqueness)
They want to change the Japanese constitution and remove Article 9.
After losing WW2, Japan wrote into its constitution that it is not allowed to wage war.
This is Article 9.
The USA helped write it because he wanted to prevent Japan from ever attacking the US or any other country like when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
However Japanese neoconservatives want to restore the military in that they want to use the Japanese "Self-Defense" Forces to for more than just "self-defense".
But this is against Article 9.
They do not like Korea either, North or South.
They do not think their relationship with Korea is special.
Some like Shintaro Ishihara want fewer immigrants.
Some want to ban foreigners from voting, and only "Japanese nationals" should have the right.
Su Dingfang (, 591–667) was a leading general of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.
He won many battles.
In 657 he destroyed the Western Turkic Khaganate.
This expanded the Tang's western borders to their farthest extent (deep into Central Asia, close to modern Iran).
In 660, he also conquered Baekje.
Western Turks
In spring 657, Emperor Gaozong sent Su Dingfang to attack the Western Turks.
He had the following friends to help him:
generals Ren Yaxiang and Xiao Siye (蕭嗣業)
Tang's ally Huige
Western Turks defector chiefs Ashina Mishe (阿史那彌射) and Ashina Buzhen (阿史那步真).
They took a southern route.
Su had fewer than 20,000 men.
Ashina Helu's army had nearly 100,000 men.
Ashina Helu thought he could defeat Su easily.
His army ran at Su but could not break through Su's defense: the front line pointed long spears.
Su then counterattacked with cavalry, defeating Helu's army and killing and capturing several tens of thousands of men.
Helu ran away.
Su kept going.
Many tribes of the Western Turks surrendered to Su, including the general Huluwu (胡祿屋), surrendered, and Ashina Helu fled along with his general Qulü (屈律).
The rest surrendered to Ashina Buzhen.
Su kept chasing Helu but ran into snow storms.
Su's men said maybe they should wait for weather to get better.
But Su said that Helu would be surprised if they attacked him.
So Su and his army kept going.
They joined Mishe and Buzhen, made a surprise attack on Helu, and captured or killed tens of thousands.
But Shi did not want to be attacked and defeated by the Tang as well.
So they just captured and handed Helu to the Tang.
Some Turks escaped west and became the Khazars in Russia.
They did not come back.
Su presented Helu to Emperor Gaozong.
Gaozong spared Helu and promoted Su to major general.
He also made Su the Duke of Xing and made his son Su Qingjie (蘇慶節) the Duke of Wuyi.
Izgil
Duman (都曼) was a commander of the Izgil tribe (Old Turkic:  , Chinese: Sijie 思結), under Tang rule.
The Shule (疏勒), Zhujubo (朱俱波), and Yebantuo (謁般陀) were also Turkic kingdoms under Tang rule.
They were around Kashgar, Xinjiang.
In 659 they rebelled against the Tang.
Duman got Yutian (于田, in modern Hotan, Xinjiang).
In winter 659, Gaozong sent Su Dingfang to Xinjiang.
Once Su arrived he gathered 10,000 soldiers and 3,000 horsesoldiers and made a surprise attack on Duman.
In spring 660, Su took Duman to the eastern capital Luoyang.
Su presented Duman to Gaozong.
Some wanted Duman to be executed.
But Su said Duman should be spared.
Gaozong said that by law, Duman should die, but he would respect Su's promise and thus spared Duman.
The Old Tibetan Annals, written in Classical Tibetan, was discovered at Dunhuang in the early 20th century.
It says Su Dingfang fought the Tibetans in 659:
"Da Rgyal Mang Po Rjes (Dayan Mangbuzhi) fought a battle with Su Dingfang of the Tang at the Dongdai 東岱 (a Tibetan regional administrative unit) of Wuhai 烏海 (southwest of Lake Qinghai).
Da Rgyal was killed and his army of 80,000 men was defeated by 1,000 Tang troops."
In spring 660, Tang was allies with Silla, in the Korean Peninsula.
Silla was being attacked by Baekje so Silla asked the Tang for help.
The Tang sent help.
Emperor Gaozong put Su in charge of the Silla-Tang combined army and navy.
He, alongside Silla's King Muyeol, sent 100,000 soldiers to attack Baekje.
The Tang directly attacked the Baekje capital Sabi and seiged it.
Baekje surrendered, and the Tang annexed Baekje.
In winter 660, Su brought prisoners to Emperor Gaozong in Luoyang.
Emperor Gaozong released King Uija and the rest of the captives.
Gogoryeo
By spring 662, general Pang Xiaotai (龐孝泰) was killed.
The Tang withdrew.
Liu Xu, the lead editor of the Old Book of Tang, said of Su:
is a platform game developed by Aspect and published by Sega for the Master System and Game Gear.
The Master System version was released in Europe on October 1992.
The Game Gear version was released in Europe in October 1992, and in North America and Japan in November 1992.
It's a sequel to Sonic the Hedgehog for Master System and Game Gear.
The Master System version of the game was not released outside Europe and Brazil.
The Master System version was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008.
Zhongyuan () or the Central Plains are plains in the middle of China.
It is southwest of Beijing.
The Yellow River goes through it.
It is where Chinese civilization originated from.
It was considered the “Center of the World”.
It was the capital of the Xia dynasty.
The earliest Chinese writing, the Jiahu symbols and Jiagu writing came from here.
Zhongyuan is sometimes used to refer to all of Chinese civilization.
Cuphead is a run and gun indie video game developed and published by StudioMDHR.
It was announced in 2013.
It was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in September 2017.
It was released for macOS in October 2018, and for Nintendo Switch in April 2019.
The game was inspired by the rubber hose style of animation used in cartoons of the 1930s.
Ben Kuchera of Polygon wrote that Cuphead was one of the five most interesting games at Microsoft's E3 2014 press conference.
Even though he knew little about the game other than its aesthetic.
He said it "stood out immediately" and that everyone in the website's press room reacted well to the trailer.
Cuphead won the IGN Best Xbox One game at E3 award in 2015.
It won the award for "Best Indie Game" at the Gamescom 2015 Awards.
It was also nominated as "Best Independent Game" at the E3 2016 Game Critics Awards.
Many people say that Cuphead is a difficult game.
Entertainment Weekly said Cuphead was fifth on the list of its "Best Games of 2017".
GamesRadar said it was ninth on their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017".
Polygon said it was 14th on their list of the "50 best games of 2017".
A animated series based on the video game, which is titled The Cuphead Show!,
was released on February 18, 2022.
Polygon is an American video game website that publishes news, culture, reviews, and videos.
Polygon wanted to focus on the stories of the people making the games instead of the games themselves.
They also produced long-form magazine-style feature articles, invested in video content, and chose to let their review scores be updated as the game changed.
Sources about Slavs and their beliefs mainly come from the old Ruthenian chronicles and notes of German bishops.
A lot of information contains Helmold's Chronica Sclavorum.
There's also Chronicle of Thietmar, and the other chronicles, although they are not the only sources of information about Slavs and their beliefs.
There's also for example from the diary of a Jewish trader of the Slaves - Ibrahim Ibn Jacob.
The pantheon of gods in Slavic beliefs was large.
Some regions had different gods for different concepts.
For example, West Slavs (mainly Polabians and Volinians) believed that Svetovid was a creator of the world while eastern ones believed that it was Rod.
Slavs had their own demonology.
One of the most well-known demons in Slavic beliefs is Baba Yaga, with the appearance of an ugly and deformed woman.
Baba Yaga has its counterparts in many european beliefs, such as the German Frau Holle and Italian Befana.
There are also a lot of similarities the with Greek mythological witch Circe.
There are also :
Poroniec,
Utopiec,
Klobuk,
Rarog,
Wilkolak (Werewolf),
Wampir (Vampire)
Polans and other Polish tribes came to the territory of today's Poland, probably in the VIII and IX century, bringing their beliefs on the west.
Polans and their beliefs describes the Primary Chronicle wrote by Ruthenian chronicler Nestor.
There are also famous Helmold's Chronica Slavorum and the other chronicles and notes of German bishops, geographs, as well as the old Ruthenian chroniclers and Jewish or Arabian traders of Slavs.
The history of paganism as the main religion in Poland ends Baptism of Poland in 966, but it is not end of Slavic paganism in this country at all.
Pagans would not agree to Christian reforms of Mieszko I and his sons, causing a Pagan Reaction in Poland that culminated in uprising of pagans in 1037-1038 (later supressed by Casimir the Restorer).
During the uprising, pagans killed priests and destroyed churches.
The end of the uprising was not the end of paganism in Poland.
Pagans lived in Poland even to the XII century, when last pagans were Christianised in West Pomerania by bishop Otto from Bamberg and Boleslav III Wrymouth.
The beginings of Czech statehood we can found in 895, when there was founded the first Czech country ruled by the Premyslid dynasty.
It was pagan until 925, when the country was baptized from the hands of east Franks.
Pagan elites knew that it would cause the moving them away from power and will increase Frankish influence.
They caused a rebellion against Vaclav, which failed.
The leader of the rebellion was his wife - Drahomira.
Although she lost the rebellion, there were still elites that resisted the reigns of Vaclav, so the brother of the Duke Boleslav I organised a coup against him.
Probably in 935 during the feast, one of the followers of Boleslav, murdered Vaclav and his brother became the Duke of Bohemia.
During his reign there were many pagans, many of which were Christianised after his death.
It is unknown when the last Czech pagans were Christianised.
Ruthenia
The term "Ruthenia" can refer to Kievan Rus', Novogrodian Rus', or Volynians and other Ruthenian, east Slavic countries and tribes.
Paganism survived among the Eastern Slavs the longest time without being baptized.
The baptism of Kievan Rus', toke from the hand of the Byzantines, didn't end Paganism in this country, although it caused paganism to become less popular, and a many people didin't admit to practicing Slavic beliefs.
Vladimir the Great started the mass baptism of people in Dnieper, which didn't end paganism among people.
The family of Vladimir was offically baptized, but still practiced paganism for  a long time.
There still existed Ruthenian tribes that were pagan, for example Volynians or White Croats.
The last pagans survived maybe even to XIII century.
White Serbs, a Slavic tribe from White Serbia first settled in an area near Thessaloniki on the Balkans and in the 6th and early 7th century, established the Serbian Principality by the 8th century.
The serbian rulers adopted the Byzantine Rite in 870.
Serbians adopted well the new religion and, unlike in the countries above, there were not any pagan rebellions against the Christianity.
Helmoldi presbyteri Chronica Slavorum : Helmold, Johann Martin Lappenberg , Georg Heinrich Pertz : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Full text of "The Russian Primary Chronicle"
Chronicon; : Thietmar, von Merseburg, Bishop of Merseburg, 975-1018 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
https://www.jassa.org/?page_id=10175
Dame Daphne du Maurier  (13 May 1907 – 19 April 1989) was a British author.
She is best known for her books Jamaica Inn (1936), Rebecca (1938) and The Birds (1952).
He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from July 2009 until his death in July 2019.
Amano was an international civil servant for the United Nations.
Donald Louis Mossi (January 11, 1929 – July 19, 2019) was an American major league pitcher from 1954 to 1965.
He was a left-handed control pitcher.
He played for the Cleveland Indians (1954–1958), Detroit Tigers (1959–1963), Chicago White Sox (1964) and for the Kansas City Athletics (1965).
Mossi was born in St. Helena, California.
Mossi died on July 19, 2019, in Nampa, Idaho at age 90.
St. Helena ( ; Wappo: Anakotanoma, "Bull Snake Village") is a city in Napa County, California.
The population was 5,814 at the 2010 census.
Peter McNamara (5 July 1955 – 20 July 2019) was an Australian tennis player and coach.
McNamara won five singles titles and nineteen doubles titles in his career.
He won the 1980 and 1982 men's doubles championship at Wimbledon and the Australian Open doubles in 1979.
McNamara's highest rank in doubles was No.
The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper in the midwestern United States, published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago,  In 1984, Weston sold his rights to the Chicago Daily News trademark to Rupert Murdoch, who, at the time, was owner and publisher of the Chicago Sun-Times.
Hugo Omar Cóccaro (4 May 1954 – July 21 2019) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician.
He was Governor of Tierra del Fuego Province from 2005 to 2007.
Cóccaro was born in Saladillo, Argentina.
Cóccaro died on 21 July 2019 in Buenos Aires at the age of 65.
Antonino Cuffaro (21 April 1932 – 20 July 2019) was an Italian politician.
He was born in Sambuca di Sicilia, Italy.
Cuffaro was a member of the Italian Parliament from 1976 to 1987 and again from 1994 to 1996.
Paul Krassner (April 9, 1932 – July 21, 2019) was an American author, journalist and comedian.
He was the founder, editor and a contributor to the freethought magazine The Realist.
Krassner became an important figure in the counterculture of the 1960s as a member of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters.
He was a founding member of the Yippies.
Desert Hot Springs, also known as DHS, is a city in Riverside County, California, United States.
The city is located within the Coachella Valley region.
The population was 25,938 at the 2010 census.
Lois Jean Wille (née Kroeber; September 19, 1931 – July 23, 2019) was an American journalist, editor, and author.
She won her first of two Pulitzer Prizes in 1963 for her reports about how the Chicago local government’s failure to have good services to low-income women.
Her stories led to a number of important policy changes in women’s healthcare, public housing, and the juvenile court systems.
The Republic of China (ROC) was a country that existed between 1912 and 1949.
It is now the People's Republic of China.
It was created in January 1912 after the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Qing dynasty.
The Republic's first president was Sun Yat-sen.
Sun's party, the Kuomintang (KMT) won the parliamentary election in December 1912.
But Sun soon gave the position to Yuan Shikai, the leader of the Beiyang Army.
The Beiyang Army also controlled the Beiyang government (which controlled Mongolia).
Between late 1915 and early 1916, Yuan Shikai called himself the Emperor of China.
But people did not like it (National protection war).
After Yuan died death in 1916, the Beiyang government was further weakened by a brief restoration of the Qing dynasty.
Various groups in the Beiyang Army claimed independence and fought with each other during the Warlord Era.
North China was overtaxed and had too many fighting warlords.
So its economy died between 1927 and 1928.
General Jiang Jieshi became the KMT leader after Sun's death.
Jiang started the Northern Expedition in 1926 and overthrew the Beiyang government in 1928.
In April 1927, Jiang created a nationalist government in Nanjing and massacred Communists in Shanghai.
This forced the CPC into armed rebellion, starting the Chinese Civil War.
Eventually the Chinese unified to fight against their common enemy: the Japanese.
In 1937 the Imperial Japanese Army invaded China in 1937.
The Second Sino-Japanese War began.
Chinese is a branch of the Han-Tibetan language family.
It has hundreds of local languages, many of which are not mutually understandable.
There is more variation in the mountainous southeast.
There are main seven groups: Mandarin, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, Hakka and Yue.
But more research is being done.
Chinese varieties differ most in their phonology (sounds), but have similar vocabulary and syntax (grammar).
Southern varieties tend to have fewer initial consonants but more often preserve the Middle Chinese final consonants.
All have tones.
Northern varieties have fewer tones.
Many have tone sandhi (biandao).
Zhejiang coast and eastern Guangdong has some of the most complex patterns.
Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect.
Its vocabulary is based on Mandarin group and grammar based on literature in the modern written vernacular.
It is the official language of China, one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
In 2nd millennium BC, a form of Chinese was spoken in around the Huanghe.
It then expanded east across the North China Plain to Shandong and then south towards the Yangzi river valley.
It replaced former languages in the south.
Evidence for dialectal variation is found in texts from the Spring and Autumn period (722–479 BC).
At that time, the Zhou still defined a standard speech.
The Fangyan (1st century CE) studies the differences in vocabulary between regions.
Texts from the Eastern Han period also discuss local differences in pronunciation.
The Qieyun rhyme book (601) noted wide variation in pronunciation between regions.
It wanted to define a standard pronunciation for reading the classics.
This standard is called Middle Chinese.
The North China Plain was flat and easy to move around.
So people in the north pretty much spoke the same language.
But South China had many mountains and rivers.
So it had six major groups of Chinese languages, with great internal diversity, particularly in Fujian.
Modern Standard Chinese
Until the mid-20th century, most Chinese people spoke only their local language.
But the Ming and Qing dynasties defined a common language based on Mandarin.
It was known as Guānhuà (官話, "speech of officials").
Knowledge of guanhua was essential for a career as a government official.
The Republic of China replaced as the written standard by written vernacular Chinese, which was based on northern dialects.
In the 1930s a standard national language was adopted, with its pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect, but with vocabulary also drawn from other Mandarin varieties.
It is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China.
Standard Mandarin Chinese now dominates public life.
The only other Chinese that may be commonly taught in colleges is Cantonese.
The different Chinese languages
Mandarin 管
spoken in northern and southwestern China
most speakers.
includes the Beijing dialect, basis for Standard Chinese
includes the Dungan language of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (written in Cyrillic script).
Wu 吴
spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui.
hundreds of different spoken forms, many of which are not mutually intelligible.
use stops, affricates and fricatives.
Gan 赣
spoken around Jiangxi.
closely related to Hakka; used to be "Hakka–Gan dialects".
Xiang 湘
spoken in Hunan and southern Hubei.
some varieties significantly influenced by Southwest Mandarin.
Min 闽
Fujian and eastern Guangdong
older than Middle Chinese.
most diverse
Varieties from the coast of Fujian around Xiamen have spread to Southeast Asia (where it is called Hokkien) and Taiwan (where it is called Taiwanese Hokkien).
also spoken in Hainan, Leizhou Peninsula, and throughout southern China.
Hakka 客家
The Hakka ("guest families") live in the hills of Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, and many other parts of southern China.
They have also moved to Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.
words end with -m -n -ŋ and endings -p -t -k.
Yue
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macau
migrate to Southeast Asia and many other parts of the world.
The prestige variety and by far most commonly spoken variety is Cantonese, from the city of Guangzhou (historically called "Canton")
Cantonese is also the native language of the majority in Hong Kong and Macau.
Use same endings as Hakka ()
many tones.
Relationships between groups
Southern Group may come from the Yangzi river during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).
This is sometimes called the Old Southern Chinese.
Peter Hamm (27 February 1937 – 22 July 2019) was a German poet, author, journalist, editor and literary critic.
He wrote many documentaries about Ingeborg Bachmann and Peter Handke.
He wrote for the German weekly newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit.
From 1964 to 2002, Hamm worked as contributing editor for culture for the broadcster Bayerischer Rundfunk.
Marianne Koch (born 19 August 1931) is a German actress.
She is best known for her roles in spaghetti westerns and adventure movies of the 1960s.
She later worked as a television host and as a physician.
She was in a relationship with Peter Hamm from 1970 until his death in 2019.
Koch was born in Munich.
Koch is known for her roles in  Night People alongside Gregory Peck and in Sergio Leone's 1964 movie A Fistful of Dollars alongside Clint Eastwood.
Francisco Grau Vegara (22 January 1947 – 21 July 2019) was a Spanish musician, composer and General in the Spanish Armed Forces.
He was born in Bigastro, Alicante.
In January 2008, Grau became the first General of Music in the Spanish Armed Forces, having been made a colonel some years previously.
From 1988 – 2008, he was also director of the Musical Unit of the Spanish Royal Guard.
The Bologna massacre was the bombing of Bologna Centrale railway station in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy by Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari.
It happened on 2 August 1980.
It killed 85 people and injured over 200 others.
It is the most deadly terrorist attack in the history of Italy.
Building bombings in Europe
Arthur Lanon Neville (December 17, 1937 – July 22, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter and keyboardist.
Neville was a part of The Neville Brothers.
He was a founding member of The Meters.
He also played with the spinoff group The Funky Meters.
Hans Ture Lennart Lagerqvist (28 April 1940 – 22 July 2019) was a Swedish pole vaulter.
He won a silver medal at the 1972 European Athletics Indoor Championships.
Lagerqvist placed fourth at the 1971 European Championships and seventh at the 1971 European Athletics Indoor Championships and 1972 Olympics.
Lagerqvist was born in Gothenburg.
He died on 22 July 2019 in Stockholm from brain cancer, aged 79.
Brigitte Kronauer (29 December 1940 – 22 July 2019) was a German writer.
She was born in Essen, Germany.
In 2005, she was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize for her literary works.
Brigitte Kronauer in: NRW Literatur im Netz
Maxim Kaibkhanovich Dadashev (September 30, 1990 – July 23, 2019) was a Russian boxer.
He competed in the light welterweight (63.5 kg) division.
Dadshev was a participant of the 2015 European Games.
Dadashev was a Russian amateur champion.
He was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia).
Dadashev won the vacant NABF super lightweight title in June 2018.
On July 19, 2019, Dadashev lost to opponent Subriel Matías at MGM National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland.
When leaving the ring, Dadashev collapsed.
He had brain surgery and placed in a medically induced coma.
Dadashev died from his injuries on July 23 at a hospital in Cheverly, Maryland at the age of 28.
Oxon Hill is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
Oxon Hill is a suburb of Washington, D.C.. As of the 2010 census Oxon Hill had a population of 17,722.
Cheverly is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
It is located near Washington, D.C.. The town was founded in 1918, and it was incorporated in 1931.
Cheverly had 6,173 residents as of the 2010 Census.
"Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us" is a Facebook event that was planned for September 20, 2019 at Area 51, a United States Air Force (USAF).
The purpose of the event was to raid the site in search for aliens while they "Naruto run".
The event was created by Matty Roberts as a satire event.
Roberts posted the event on June 27, 2019.
About 3,000,000 people responded "going" or "interested" on the event's page.
Arcadia Group plc  is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
It owns the high street clothing retailers Burton, Dorothy Perkins, Evans, Miss Selfridge, Topman, Topshop, Wallis and the out of town chain Outfit, which sells lines from the other group chains.
The group has more than 2,500 outlets in the UK, concessions in UK department stores such as Debenhams, Selfridges, as well as several hundred franchises in other countries.
The company is majority owned by Taveta Investments, itself owned by Tina Green, the wife of Sir Philip Green, who is himself the chairman of the Arcadia Group.
Philip Green has been involved in a number of controversies during his career, including the payment of generous dividends to Richard Caring, Tom Hunter, and Philip Green's family prior to the demise of BHS.
SABMiller plc was a multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in London, England.
It is the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after the Belgian-Brazilian-American Anheuser-Busch InBev) and is also a major bottler of Coca-Cola.
Its brands include Fosters, Grolsch, Miller, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell.
It has operations in 80 countries world-wide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages.
SABMiller's origins date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 as to serve a growing market of miners and prospectors in and around Johannesburg.
Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.
From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets.
In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London.
In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc.
SABMiller has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
It has a market capitalisation of approximately £42 billion as of 24 October 2015, the 6th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange.
It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.
In October 2015, Anheuser-Busch InBev  announced plans to acquire SABMiller for £69 billion ($104 billion).
Home Retail Group plc is one of the UK's leading home and general merchandise retailers.
It is the parent company of Argos and Habitat.
Home Retail Group owns a number of well-known brands, including Alba, Bush, Chad Valley, Challenger, Cherokee, Cooksworks, Habitat, Heart of House,  Hygena, Schreiber, and Sovereign.
Veles is a Slavic god of wealth, undergrounds and trade.
It is very important in Pomeranian Slavs religion.
Marzanna (in Polish), Marena (in Russian), Morana (in Czech, Bulgarian, Slovene, and Serbo-Croatian),  or Morena or Kyselica (in Slovak), Morena (in Macedonian), Maslenitsa (in Russia) and also Mara (in Belarusian and Ukrainian), Maržena, Moréna, Mora or Marmora, Morė (in Lithuanian) is the goddess of death and winter in Slavic paganism.
In many Slavic countries, it is very popular to burn a doll, that represents Marzanna, when it's beginning of spring.
Gerovit is a god of war in Slavic beliefs.
Almost everything we know about him, we know thanks to German bishops, who visited Slavic countries.
Zhangzhung (Tibetan: ཞང་ཞུང; Tibetan pinyin: Xangxang; Chinese: 象雄; pronounced Shangshung) was a kingdom of western China (Tibet) and northern India before the 7th century.
The religion of Zhangzhung is Bon, and the people are sometimes called Bonpo.
The Bon religion influenced Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism.
The Zhangzhung are mentioned frequently in Tibetan texts as the original rulers of central and western Tibet.
sGob-ba, the outer; Western Tibet, from Gilgit in the west to Dangs-ra khyung-rdzong in the east, next to lake gNam-mtsho, and from Khotan, Xinjiang in the north to Chu-mig brgyad-cu rtsa-gnyis in the south.
Phug-pa, the inner; The inner region is said to be sTag-gzig (Tazig) [often identified with Bactria, Central Asia]
and Bar-ba, the middle, not yet identified.
Scientists dug stuff in the Chang Tang plateau and found iron.
These may be the Zhangzhung's iron.
Unification of Tibet
The Tang Annals say that the Tibetan emperor Songtsen Gampo conquered and unified the Zhangzhung.
In 634, Yangtong (Zhang Zhung) and various Qiang tribes, "altogether submitted to him."
Gampo then united the Yangtong to defeat the 'Azha or Tuyuhun and conquer two more Qiang tribes.
He then threatened Songzhou (China) with an army of more than 200,000 men.
He then sent gifts of gold and silk to the Tang emperor to marry a princess.
At first the Emperor Gaozong of Tang refused so Gampo attacked Songzhou.
But Gampo later gave up and apologized so the emperor married him to Princess Wencheng.
There are some Zhangzhung texts and 11th century bilingual Tibetan documents.
The Zhangzhung language was related to Kinnauri, a Sino–Tibetan language.
The Bonpo claim that the Tibetan writing system is derived from the Zhangzhung alphabet.
However Tibetan script comes from a North Indian script.
Non-Bon Tibetan texts agree.
A modern Kinnauri language of the same name (pronounced Jangshung) is spoken by 2,000 people in the Sutlej Valley of Himachal Pradesh, India.
They claim to be descendants of the Zhangzhung.
Zhangzhung's influence in India
Bonpo religion was founded by a Buddha-like person named Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.
Tonpa's teachings are very similar to Gautama Buddha.
Bonpos claim that Tonpa lived 18,000 years ago and visited Tibet from the land of Tagzig Olmo Lung Ring (modern Tajikstan) or Shambhala.
An example of this link between Bon and Hinduism is Mount Kailash, the center of Zhang Zhung culture and also most sacred mountain to Hindus.
As a result, the Bonpos claim that Hinduism owes its origin to Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.
Video assistant referee (VAR) is a system that helps referees to decide better about players fouls, if a goal was valid, red card decisions, etc.
in soccer matches.
When the referee is going to review a play on the field at the VAR box, they outline a square with their hands, as if showing the outline of a TV screen.
It was used for the first time in the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup.
It was used for the first time for international matches in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.
The first time VAR was used in the FIFA World Cup was in the 2018 World Cup.
Goal/No Goal: if the ball went inside or did not go inside of the goal, ball went out of play, foul, offside, or handball.
Penalty/No Penalty: ball went out of play, dive, foul was in or outside the box, handball, or foul was not penalised.
Red/Yellow Card: violent conduct, hitting/spitting/kicking/punching another player, coach, or referee, mistaken identity or incorrect card given, or decision to award a yellow or red card.
The referee can review the play on the field by going to the VAR box, listen to the VAR's recommendation, or completely ignore the VAR advice.
The referee can only review the play on the field with recommendation of the VAR to prevent the referee from relying on it too much.
The VAR system has been criticised by many people, mostly because of how much time is used up in reviews, overly relying on it, and causing confusion.
Manager Mauricio Pochettino said "it made everyone confused".
He also said that he felt sorry for the fans and for the referee after an FA Cup match.
Nir is a city in Iran.
It is located in the north west of Iran in the Ardabil Province.
it is a part of the Nir County.
Slavic Naitive Faith is modern pagan religion, which is related to Slavic paganism.
It is sometimes called Rodnovery.
The  is Japan's largest Asian studies library.
It is one of the world's five largest libraries.
It is located in Tokyo.
is a Japanese university.
It has buildings in Hakusan, Asaka, Kawagoe, and Itakura.
Oyanagi Shigeta (小柳司気太, 1870 December 24 - 1940 July 18 ) is a Japanese scholar of Chinese literature and Taoism.
He is from Niigata Prefecture and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University.
His mom's last name is Kumakura (熊倉).
Epigraphy is the study of writings, inscriptions (epigraphs) on things like rocks, clay, stone, paper, etc.
It is used to study writing; often for learning about languages of the past.
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
Luo Zhenyu (August 8, 1866 – May 14, 1940), courtesy name Shuyun (叔蘊), was a Chinese classical scholar, philologist, epigrapher, antiquarian.
He supported the Qing dynasty, even after it fell.
Silesian or Upper Silesian (Silesian:  /  ; ; , , ; ) from the West Slavic language family.
Some linguists say, that it is a dialect of Polish, because of big similarities between these languages.
It's mostly spoken in Poland, but also in the Czech Republic and Germany.
Cen Chunxuan (1861 – 27 April 1933) was a Zhuang Chinese politician who lived in the late Qing dynasty and Republic of China.
He wanted the Qing to become a monarchy based on a constitution (written set of laws).
Empress Dowager Cixi supported him.
He was a governor of Guangdong and became a warlord during the ROC but then Sun Yat-sen's government replaced his.
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
Sir Robert Peel
Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province (), is a Chinese public high school.
It has over 1000 years of history.
Many famous people graduated from there.
It is in Suzhou, Jiangsu.
In 1035, the Northern Song politician Fan Zhongyan founded it ().
Taibei Imperial University is a university in Taipei.
It was founded on March 16, 1928.
At the time Japan controlled Taiwan.
It was renamed National Taiwan University (NTU).
After Japan lost the war, the Republic of China took over and made part of it the National Chung Hsing University.
Fujita Toyohachi (Kanji: 藤田豊八；Hiragana: ふじたとよはち) is a Japanese writer and professor in East Asian History.
He lived from 1869 October 19 to 1929 July 15.
He is from Tokushima Prefecture.
His (Chinese) pen name name was Jianfeng / Kenfou (劍峰).
He founded a school in Jiangsu, China.
He was a teacher at Beijing University (the Imperial University, 京師大學堂), author of Secondary Education East Asian history《中等教育東洋史》and Research on the History of East-West Interactions《東西交涉史之研究（東西交渉史の研究）》。
He collected over 1700 Chinese books.
After he died, those were sent to the Toyo Bunko (東洋文庫) and put into a section called Fujita's library「藤田文庫」。
In 1896, he cofounded the Dongya Xueyuan (東亞學院, East Asia College) with Oyanagi Shigeta and others.
Fujita also founded the journal "Jiangsu Wenxue"《江湖文學》(Jiangsu Literature).
In 1905, he also helped create Suzhou high school (江苏师范学堂).
He invited more than 10 teachers from Japan.
The Qing dynasty then awarded him a medal.
In 1909 Fujita became a professor at the prestigious Beijing University.
In 1912, Japan returned to Japan.
He lived in Tokyo and researched the history of east–west interactions.
In 1920 he got a PhD in literature.
In 1923 he was professor at Waseda University.
He taught the history of east–west sea transportation and the history of the Western regions (China, Xiyu, modern day Xinjiang).
In 1928 he became a professor and Minister of culture and politics at Taibei Imperial University (臺北帝國大學).
In May 1929 he returned to Tokyo to give a lecture on the history of the Xiyu again.
But in July he died of kidney failure.
東洋史　文学社, 1896－97
先秦文学 支那文学史稿 東華堂, 1897
東洋歴史物語 アルス (日本児童文庫), 1929
東西交渉史の研究 南海篇 岡書院, 1932
東西交渉の研究 巻上・下(南海篇,西域篇及附篇) 萩原星文館, 1943
The Western Regions or Xiyu () refers to Central Asia, specifically west of the Yumen pass.
It was used in Chinese between the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD.
It sometimes refers to Xinjiang or even northern parts of the Indian subcontinent (as in the novel Journey to the West).
The Han–Xiongnu War (ended 89 AD) was fought there.
In the 7th century, the Tang campaign against the Western Regions led to Chinese control of the region.
This was especially true during the Mongol Empire.
Buddhism spread through the region to China.
The Tang dynasty monk Xuanzang crossed the region on his way to study in India.
When he returned to Chang'an, the influential Great Tang Records on the Western Regions was written.
The Weilüe () was written by Yu Huan between 239 and 265.
Yu Huan was a politician of Cao Wei (220–265) during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).
Yu Huan is considered good among Chinese scholars.
The Kalman filter is an algorithm (a step-by-step process) that helps people remove errors from numbers.
It is named for Rudolf E. Kálmán, a mathematician who helped to make it.
Science can use the Kalman filter in many ways.
One important use is steering airplanes and space ships.
People also use the Kalman filter to make a model of how humans use nerves and muscles to move their bodies.
The Kalman filter has two steps.
The first step is predicting (trying to say what you think will happen).
The Kalman filter makes a first guess about what we think is true (an estimate) and how certain we are that it is true (uncertainty).
Next, the Kalman filter makes a new guess by using a weighted average.
More certain numbers are more important in this weighted average.
After doing these two steps, we use the new guess to start these steps again.
An Shigao () lived from 148-180 CE.
And he helped translate Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese.
According to legend, he was a prince of Parthia (modern Iran).
He gave up being a prince to become a Buddhist missionary monk in China.
140s births
Thônex is a municipality of the canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
It is in the east of the canton and shares a border with the French town of Ambilly.
The American Indian Wars (also known as the Indian Wars or the First Nations Wars; ) is the name for the various battles that were fought by European, American, and Canadian governments and colonists against various American Indian and First Nation tribes.
These conflicts happened in North America from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the 1920s.
The various Indian Wars resulted from a wide variety of factors, including cultural differences, land disputes, and crimes committed by both sides.
The European powers and their colonies also enlisted Indian tribes to help them do war against each other's colonial settlements.
After the American Revolution, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions.
The conflicts were usually about disputes over land use; some had cycles of violent actions.
The British Royal Proclamation of 1763, included in the Constitution of Canada, banned white settlers from taking the lands of native peoples in Canada without signing a treaty with them.
It is still law in Canada today, and 11 Numbered Treaties, limited the number of conflicts.
As white settlers went west across America after 1780, the size, length of time, and intensity of conflicts increased between settlers and various Indians.
The biggest came in the War of 1812, which resulted in the defeat of major Indian coalitions in the Midwest and the South.
Conflict with settlers happened less, and treaties became more common.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed the US government to remove natives from east of the Mississippi River to the west.
The west was what the government believed to be empty American frontier. (
Many tribes had a lot of territory in this area, however.)
The federal US policy of removal was eventually changed in the West.
It was changed to relocating Indian tribes to specially designated and federally protected reservations.
Indian Wars National Association
Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas by John Henry Brown, published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
The Indian Wars and African American Soldiers, US Army
Increase Mather, A Brief History of the War with the Indians in New-England, (1676) Online Edition
www.history.com; American-Indian Wars
Highlighting Native Nations in the War of 1812
It came from the Han Dynasty.
Bronze qianshu are appear a lot in Sichuan graves.
A dry county is a county in the United States whose government does not allow the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages.
Some don't allow off-premises sales, some don't allow on-premises sale, and some don't allow both.
Many dry counties exist in the United States.
Most of them in the South.
Some smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which don't allow alcohol to be sold.
Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (minimal alcohol prohibitions) and "moist" (fewer prohibitions than "dry" but more than "wet").
The Parliament of Finland (, ) is the unicameral supreme legislature of Finland.
It was founded on 9 May 1906.
It works with the Constitution of Finland.
The power is vested in the Parliament.
The Parliament is made up of 200 members, 199 of whom are elected every four years.
In addition, there is one member from Åland.
Jeremy Kemp (3 January 1935 – 19 July 2019) was an English actor.
He was known for his roles in the miniseries The Winds of War, the movie The Blue Max and the TV series Z-Cars.
Michael English (24 December 1930 – 13 July 2019) was a British Labour Party politician.
He was a Member of Parliament for the British Parliament for Nottingham West from 1964 to 1983.
Peter Fry interview at History of Parliament Online
Nicodemus is an unincorporated community in Graham County, Kansas, United States.
The community was created in 1877.
it is named after the Biblical figure Nicodemus.
The Nicodemus National Historic Site is in Nicodemus.
The place commemorates the only remaining western town created by African Americans during the Reconstruction Period.
During the last weekend of July, former residents and their descendants return for celebrations and parades.
In 1976, Nicodemus was named a National Historic Landmark.
As of 2018, its First Baptist Church, African Methodist Episcopal Church, and other historic buildings are in bad condition that they cannot be opened to the public.
The United States Census Bureau says that the Nicodemus township has an area of 32.4 square miles.
The town is along Highway 24 in the Great Plains.
Summer is typically long and hot.
Thunderstorms are common during summer.
Spring and fall are usually short, while winter is cold.
The average precipitation is about 22 inches.
Crockett, Norman I. The Black Towns.
Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1979.
Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin.
Black Towns and Profit: Promotion and Development in the Trans-Appalachian West, 1877–1915.
Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin. "
The Origins and Early Promotion of Nicodemus: A Pre-Exodus, All-Black Town."
Kansas History 5 (winter 1982): 220–242.
Promised Land on the Solomon: Black Settlement at Nicodemus, Kansas.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, n.d.
Schwendemann, Glen. "
Nicodemus: Negro Haven on the Solomon."
Kansas Historical Quarterly 29 (spring 1963): 10–31.
Shaw, Bill & Daniel Chu.
Going home to Nicodemus: The story of an African American frontier town and the pioneers who settled it.
Morristown: Silver Burdett Press, 1994.
Shortridge, James R. Peopling the plains: Who Settled Where in Frontier Kansas.
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995
Athearn, Robert G. In Search Of Canaan: Black Migration to Kansas 1879–80.
Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1978
Ravage, John W. Black Frontiers: Images of the Black Experience on the North American Frontier.
Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1997.
Nicodemus National Historic Site
Nicodemus Photo Tour
Kansas State Historical Society, Portrait of Nicodemus
A history of Nicodemus, Graham County, Kansas
Nicodemus: Negro haven on the Solomon - 1971
1877 Historic Flyer
Ragged schools were free schools for poor children’s education in nineteenth-century Britain.
The London Ragged Schools Union was established in April 1844.
They gave free education, food, clothes and other services.
The classes were sometimes held in stables, lofts and railway arches.
Most teachers were volunteers but there were some who were paid.
About 300,000 children went to London ragged schools between 1844 and 1881.
The context
There was no legal structure which supported primary education in England until the second half of the 19th century.
There were, however, Church of England schools.
Parliament did not lay down rules for education until 1870, the year of Forster's Education Act (Elementary Education Act of 1870).
The Elementary Education Act 1880 (the Mundella Act) made school boards  enforce compulsory attendance from 5 to 10 years.
Attendance officers might visit the homes of absent (truant) children.
Children who were employed needed a certificate to show they had reached the educational standard.
Employers of these children who could not show this were penalised.
The 1891 Elementary Education Act provided for the state payment of school fees up to ten shillings per head.
This made primary education free.
The Elementary Education (School Attendance) Act 1893 raised the school leaving age to 11.
Fedio (also spelled Fedyo; ) is a Syrian village located in Latakia Governorate.
Fedio had a population of 4,065 in the 2004 census.
Chinese Pinyin is used for other languages besides Standard Mandarin and other Varieties of Chinese.
In China different pinyin systems are used for Mongolian, Uyghur, Manchu, and Tibetan.
Latakia Governorate ( / ALA-LC: Muḥāfaẓat al-Lādhiqīyah) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria.
It is in western Syria, bordering Turkey.
Its reported area varies in different sources from 2,297 km² to 2,437 km².
The governorate population was 991,000 (2010 estimate).
Members of the Alawite sect are the majority in the governorate, although Armenians, Turkmen, and Sunni Kurds form the majorities in the Kessab, Jabal Turkman, and Jabal al-Akrad regions respectively.
The capital of Latakia had, by 2010 estimates, 400,000 inhabitants, 50% of whom were Alawites, 30% were Sunni, and 20% Christian.
The Latakia Governorate borders Turkey to the north, Tartous to the south, Hama and Idlib to the east and the Mediterranean sea to the west.
Although the western part of the governorate is mainly of coastal plains, the eastern parts are mountainous, with the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range running north to south, parallel to the coastal plains.
Its highest peak, Nabi Yunis, is 1562 meters (5,125 ft) tall with the average elevation only about 1200 meters.
The western areas of the governorate catch moisture-laden winds from the Mediterranean Sea and are thus more fertile and more heavily populated than the eastern slopes.