the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Courcôme (16110)
Couture (16114)
Ébréon (16122)
Empuré (16127)
Épenède (16128)
Esse (16131)
Étagnac (16132)
Exideuil (16134)
La Faye (16136)
Fontclaireau (16140)
Fontenille (16141)
La Forêt-de-Tessé (16142)
Fouqueure (16144)
Genouillac (16149)
Les Gours (16155)
Le Grand-Madieu (16157)
Hiesse (16164)
Juillé (16173)
Lessac (16181)
Lesterps (16182)
Lésignac-Durand (16183)
Lichères (16184)
Ligné (16185)
Le Lindois (16188)
Londigny (16189)
Longré (16190)
Lonnes (16191)
Roumazières-Loubert (16192)
Lupsault (16194)
Lussac (16195)
Luxé (16196)
La Magdeleine (16197)
Maine-de-Boixe (16200)
Manot (16205)
Mansle (16206)
Massignac (16212)
Mazerolles (16213)
Mazières (16214)
Montembœuf (16225)
Montignac-Charente (16226)
Montjean (16229)
Montrollet (16231)
Mouton (16237)
Moutonneau (16238)
Mouzon (16239)
Nanclars (16241)
Nanteuil-en-Vallée (16242)
Nieuil (16245)
Oradour (16248)
Oradour-Fanais (16249)
Paizay-Naudouin-Embourie (16253)
Parzac (16255)
La Péruse (16259)
Les Pins (16261)
Pleuville (16264)
Poursac (16268)
Pressignac (16270)
Puyréaux (16272)
Raix (16273)
Ranville-Breuillaud (16275)
Roussines (16289)
Ruffec (16292)
Saint-Amant-de-Boixe (16295)
Saint-Amant-de-Bonnieure (16296)
Saint-Angeau (16300)
Saint-Christophe (16306)
Saint-Ciers-sur-Bonnieure (16307)
Saint-Claud (16308)
Sainte-Colombe (16309)
Saint-Coutant (16310)
Saint-Fraigne (16317)
Saint-Front (16318)
Saint-Georges (16321)
Saint-Gourson (16325)
Saint-Groux (16326)
Saint-Laurent-de-Céris (16329)
Saint-Martin-du-Clocher (16335)
Saint-Mary (16336)
Saint-Maurice-des-Lions (16337)
Saint-Quentin-sur-Charente (16345)
Saint-Sulpice-de-Ruffec (16356)
Salles-de-Villefagnan (16361)
Saulgond (16363)
Sauvagnac (16364)
Souvigné (16373)
Suaux (16375)
Suris (16376)
La Tâche (16377)
Taizé-Aizie (16378)
Theil-Rabier (16381)
Tourriers (16383)
Turgon (16389)
Tusson (16390)
Tuzie (16391)
Valence (16392)
Vars (16393)
Ventouse (16396)
Verdille (16397)
Verneuil (16398)
Verteuil-sur-Charente (16400)
Vervant (16401)
Le Vieux-Cérier (16403)
Vieux-Ruffec (16404)
Villefagnan (16409)
Villegats (16410)
Villejésus (16411)
Villejoubert (16412)
Villiers-le-Roux (16413)
Villognon (16414)
Vitrac-Saint-Vincent (16416)
Vouharte (16419)
Xambes (16423)
Jammu and Kashmir consists of two divisions: Jammu and Kashmir Valley.
Earlier a state, now Union territory of India.
Jammu division
Kashmir valley division
Ladakh Region
Divisions of Jammu and Kashmir
A coup d'état attempt took place in Turkey on 15 July 2016, when a group of people tried to take over the government because they disagreed with the way the president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, is running the country.
It is believed that most of these people were from the Turkish army.
Over 100 people were killed and over 1,000 injured.
Thousands of soldiers were  arrested because they joined the rebellion or for other reasons.
Hundreds fled to Greece or other foreign countries.
Thousands of teachers, judges and other government employees were fired in the 2016 Turkish purges.
Rapperswil is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
It lies  north of the capital Bern.
On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Ruppoldsried merged into Rapperswil.
On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into Rapperswil.
The Army of Mississippi (also called the Confederate Army of the Mississippi) was a Confederate army during the American Civil War.
It should not be confused with the Union Army of the Mississippi.
It was formed on March 29, 1862.
The commander was Full General Albert Sidney Johnston with Full General P. G. T. Beauregard as second-in-command.
After Johnston's death at the Battle of Shiloh, Beauregard took over.
After that there were a series of commanders.
In November 1862, the Army of Mississippi was renamed the Army of Tennessee.
The second army called the Army of Mississippi was created in December 1862, under Lieutenant general John C. Pemberton.
This army had a confusing number of additional names.
The II corps, under Major general Sterling Price was called the "Army of West Tennessee".
It was also called the Army of the West.
When both corps (I corps and II corps) were changed into divisions in January 1863, they dropped the name Army of Mississippi.
Leonidas Polk had commanded I corps.
In May 1864, Polk's troops joined with Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee to form the third Army of Mississippi.
Polk was killed in June 1862 after which the army was simply called Alexander P. Stewart's corps.
A Holding company is a company, which has the purpose of owning stock  (or shares) of other companies.
In most cases, such companies do not sell products or services, they manage the companies they (partly) own.
Probably one of the best known holding companies was the "Standard Oil of New Jersey", founded in 1889, which is called ExxonMobil today.
the holding company owns stock/shares of other companies; activities are limited to managing the companies.
in addition to the above, the companies have a common management, which take the strategic decisions.
in addition to item 1, the management influences the distribution of capital to its daughter companies.
The holding is mainly used for managing financial resources.
Blen Mesfin (Amharic: ብሌን መስፍን) is an official in Ethiopia’s opposition Semayawi (Blue) Party.
In 2016 she was named one of twenty women political prisoners in the FreeThe20 campaign by Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.
Mesfin was arrested at a protest in Addis Ababa in April 2015.
The protest was for 26 Ethiopians killed by the group called Islamic State in Libya.
More than 30 members of the Semayawi Party were arrested before an April 27  political rally.
Two other members of the Semayawi Party, Meron Alemayehu (ሜሮን አለማየሁ ) and Nigist Wondifraw (ንግስት ወንዲፍራው), were also arrested.
They were #5 and #6 in the FreeThe20 campaign.
They are now free.
Mesfin was released in December 2016, along with a mass release of 9,800 people detained under the state of emergency.
According to Ethiopian journalist Tesfalem Waldyes she was re-arrested during a wave of arrests in October 2016.
Confolens () is a commune in southwestern France.
Confolens is the administrative centre of a largely rural area, which has had an important growth of tourism in recent years.
It is one of the two subprefectures of the Charente department and the capital of the  canton of  Charente-Vienne.
On 1 January 2016, the former commune Saint-Germain-de-Confolens was merged with the commune of Confolens.
Confolens is at the confluence of the Vienne and Goire rivers.
The name of this place comes from the Latin word confluens that means "confluence".
The city is at  from Angoulême,  from Limoges and  from Poitiers, the three largest cities that are closest to Confolens.
The communes that are around Confolens are Brillac, Esse, Saint-Maurice-des-Lions, Ansac-sur-Vienne, Hiesse and Lessac.
With a population of 2,721, Confolens has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The inhabitants of Confolens are known, in French, as Confolentais (women: Confolentaises).
Confolens is a subprefecture of the Charente department since 1800.
It is also the capital of the canton of Charente-Vienne.
People from Confolens
Émile Roux (1853-1933), a medical doctor and bacteriologist who was a close collaborator of Louis Pasteur.
Pitlochry, Scotland, since 2007
Georgenthal, Germany, since 2007
Ville de Confolens - official website
The bluebirds are a group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous Passerine birds.
They are in the genus Sialia of the thrush family (Turdidae).
Bluebirds are one of the few thrush genera in the Americas.
Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size between the two sexes.
Bluebirds are territorial and prefer open grassland with scattered trees.
Predators of young bluebirds in the nests may include snakes, cats, and raccoons.
Bird species competing with bluebirds for nesting locations include the common starling, American crow, and house sparrows.
House sparrows take over the nesting sites of bluebirds, killing young, smashing eggs, and probably killing adult bluebirds.
Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
Western bluebird, Sialia mexicana
Mountain bluebird, Sialia currucoides
Lemon Tree is a 1995 song by indie rock band Fools Garden.
It became a major hit in Europe and Asia.
The song is about a person's depressions and his miserable mind.
A corps is a military unit usually made up of two or more divisions.
In the United States Army, a corps is the largest tactical unit that can plan and carry out its own missions.
The term can also be applied to a military unit with a specific function such as a Quartermaster Corps or an Intelligence Corps.
It can be applied to a branch of a military such as the United States Marine Corps.
It can also mean a body of officers such as a Cadet Corps.
The word has other uses.
A group of people engaged in the same work can be called a corps.
An example is the Peace Corps.
The word comes from the Old French cors meaning "body, person, corpse, life".
That word, in turn, is based on the Latin word corpus meaning "body".
Carnivourous fungi are fungi that get some of their nutrients from trapping animals.
These animals are microscopic, or very small.
Over two hundred species are known.
constricting rings (active traps)
adhesive structures (passive traps)
Hauser, J.T. 1985.
Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 14(1): 8-11. [
reprinted from Carolina Tips, Carolina Biological Supply Company]
Nematode Destroying Fungi
Army of the Mississippi was the name given to two Union armies during the American Civil War.
Both operated around the Mississippi River and both were active for only a short time.
The first army was created on February 23, 1862.
It was commanded by Major general John Pope.
Pope's orders were to clear Confederate troops along the Mississippi River so the Union army could move through the area.
On February 28, 1862, General Pope began to move against New Madrid, Missouri.
The Army then fought at the Battle of Island Number Ten.
The army next fought at the Siege of Corinth.
After the capture of Corinth Pope was sent east to command the Army of Virginia.
Major general William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the Army of the Mississippi.
The army fought at the Battle of Iuka followed by the Second Battle of Corinth.
His commanding officer, Ulysses S. Grant, was unhappy with his failure to go after the retreating Confederates after the Battle of Corinth.
In October, 1862, Rosecrans was transferred to command the Army of the Ohio and the Army of the Mississippi was disbanded.
Second use
In 1863 Major general John Alexander McClernand was put in command of the expedition against the Confederates down the Mississippi.
He was given command of two corps from the Army of the Tennessee.
McClernand named his force the "Army of the Mississippi".
McClernand was successful in capturing Arkansas Post but he acted without orders.
On January 30, 1863, Grant personally took command of the army.
The old XIII Corps and XV Corps were returned to the Army of the Tennessee on January 12, 1863.
The Battle of Chancellorsville  (April 30 to May 6, 1863) was a major battle in the American Civil War.
It is generally considered to be Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory over the Union Army.
But the Confederate victory was lessened by the loss of Lieutenant general Stonewall Jackson.
Jackson was shot and mortally wounded by his own men who mistook the general and his staff for Union cavalry.
For this reason Lee's win at Chancellorsville was considered a pyrrhic victory.
After the Battle of Fredericksburg the Union army was in a state of confusion.
The Army of the Potomac was commanded by Major general Ambrose Burnside.
But his generals were in near open revolt against Burnside feeling he was unfit to command.
Burnside even seemed to agree with them.
He had refused command of the Army of the Potomac twice saying he was not up to the job.
Finally, President Abraham Lincoln agreed and replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker.
Hooker managed to restore the health and morale of his army within a few weeks.
He proudly called them "the finest army on the planet."
Hooker devised a plan for a spring campaign that would cause Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to fall back from Fredericksburg, Virginia.
He hoped it would also destroy Lee's army.
His plan was to send his 10,000-man cavalry on a raid against Richmond, Virginia to cut Lee's lines of communication with the Confederate capital.
He would send most of his infantry to cross the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers 40 miles north of the Confederates.
The rest of his army would cross the river at Fredericksburg to attack Lee from the front.
It was devised as a pincer movement that if successful would surround the enemy.
Hooker's army crossed the Rappahannock on April 30, 1863.
This placed his army on Lee's flank.
Hooker's Federal army numbered 97,382 men.
This was twice the size of Lee's army at 57,352 men.
But rather than retreat, Lee split his forces.
He decided to attack Hooker while his army was still in the thick wilderness.
Lee sent Jackson with 30,000 Confederate soldiers to attack the Union right flank.
He assigned
Major general Jubal A. Early with 10,000 soldiers to defend Fredericksburg.
By the afternoon of April 30, 50,000 Union troops with 108 artillery pieces found themselves at an important road junction.
There was a tavern at the crossroad named Chancellorsville.
Rather than keep going and get clear of the wilderness, Hooker decided to stop and wait for more Union troops to arrive.
There had been no Confederate opposition at this point.
Even so, Hooker's officers wanted to keep going.
On May 1, Stonewall Jackson found two divisions of Confederates at Zoan Church, fortifying a ridge.
He ordered them to drop their shovels and pick up their rifles and move toward the Union soldiers to attack.
The Union army had just decided to move forward again and had not expected any Confederate resistance.
Hooker ordered his soldiers back and had them form defensive positions in the wilderness.
On the morning of May 2, Jackson moved his corps against the Union left flank.
There was fighting on and off all day.
At 5:20 p.m., Jackson attacked the Union's XI Corps.
The Federals counterattacked until darkness ended the fighting.
That night, Jackson was making a night reconnaissance with one of his staff officers when he was mistakenly shot by his own soldiers.
He died 8 days later from pneumonia after losing his left arm.
General J.E.B. Stuart took over temporary command of Jackson's Corps.
Heaviest fighting
On May 3, The Confederates resumed their attacks forcing Hooker's army to defend the river fords.
This was the heaviest day of the fighting.
Both wings of the Confederates attacked while their artillery concentrated on the Union line at Hazel Grove.
The larger Union army held nearly all of the most strategic spots on the battlefield.
Of these the key to the battle was Hazel Grove, a high open plateau that overlooked all the Union positions.
Stuart realized this and early in the morning Confederates attacked up the slopes of Hazel Grove and captured about 100 men and four artillery pieces.
For unknown reasons Hooker had ordered the artillery back from Hazel Grove.
At the time of the attack, most of the artillery had already been removed.
This was a costly mistake since the Confederate artillery could now fire down on the union positions with great ease.
This finally forced the Union line back to a defensive position with his back to the river.
Meanwhile, the other Union forces were advancing on Lee from the east.
Lee split his army again and met and defeated the Federals near Salem Church (Fredericksburg).
This was by far the bloodiest day of fighting.
The fighting at Salem Church resulted in more casualties than the entire First Battle of Bull Run.
On May 6, Hooker recrossed the Rappahannock.
He lost a total of 17,278 casualties while Lee lost 12,826.
It was a tremendous win for Lee.
But Lee could not replace Jackson.
Hooker was the second general of the Army of the Potomac to be replaced after a single battle.
Hooker argued that the cavalry raid failed to cut Lee's supply lines.
He complained that the XI Corps, composed mostly of German-Americans and other recent immigrants, ran instead of staying to fight.
Oliver O. Howard's XI corps were labeled the "flying Dutchmen" over this incident.
But they redeemed themselves at the Battle of Missionary Ridge.
Howard would later be promoted over Hooker.
But despite laying the blame elsewhere Hooker was replaced by General George G. Meade.
In a few weeks, Lee would move north to engage the Union forces again at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Annimation of the Battle of Chanellorsville
He was known for his work on industrial and music movies.
He is thought to be one of the most important figures of these genres in Germany.
His work has been said helped create the modern music video.
His feature-movie documentary Alvorada was nominated for an Academy Award in 1963.
Erny Brenner (13 September 1931 – 9 July 2016) was a Luxembourgian association football player.
He was a member of the Luxembourg national football team from 1955 to 1965.
He was born in Dudelange, Luxembourg.
Robert Burren Morgan (October 5, 1925 – July 16, 2016) was an American politician.
He was the United States Senator from the state of North Carolina.
He served as senator for a single term from 1975 until 1981.
Civil Rights Greensboro: Robert Morgan
Robert Morgan Papers (#268), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University
Kazimieras Uoka (4 March 1951 – 16 July 2016) was a Lithuanian politician.
He signed the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
He was born in Kaunas.
Uoka graduated from Vilnius University in 1976.
He was a leader of the labor movement in the early years of the independence movement.
Torpor is a physiological state of the body.
It occurs in some small warm-blooded animals when food is scarce.
So do some small mammals, for example, rodent species (such as mice), and bats.
Many small marsupials also have daily periods of torpor.
Torpor is a well controlled thermoregulatory process.
It is not the result of switching off thermoregulation.
Moju Chowdhury Hat or Rahmat Khali is a town and tourism in Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila of Lakshmipur District, in south-eastern Bangladesh.
It is commonly known as Moju Chowdhury Hat but it used to be called Rahmat Khali.
It was renamed Moju Chowdhury in 1965.
It is spelled as M.C.H. for short  ().
This town is 12 km² south of Lakshmipur City.
It is across the Meghna River from Bhola 38 km² to the southwest.
Moju Chowdhury Hat is 76 km² east of Barisal.
Moju Chowdhury Hat is itself municipality and a tourist destination.
It is also a ransport hub for passengers from the Bhola Barisal Division and Chittagong Division, serving about four thousand people per day.
Moju Chowdhury is named after a person.
Moju Chowdhury came to Rahmat Khali when it was still part of the Mughal Empire.
Moju Chowdhury was the second of Pana Mia Hazi's four sons.
He went to Lakshmipur Government Collage, where he studied landscapes.
Moju Chowdhury Hat is located at  It has 145.56 households and a total area of 56.05 km².
List of cities and towns in Bangladesh
Tourist Destination
Travel guide & blogspot
The Da Vinci Code is a religious 2006 American drama movie.
Ron Howard directed the movie.
Robert Langdon is a professor of religious iconography and symbology from Harvard University.
While in Paris, he is the prime suspect in the unusual murder of a Louvre curator.
Langdon realized the curator was part of a secret society.
Members of the society included Leonardo da Vinci, Victor Hugo, Botticelli, and others
Tom Hanks as Robert Langdon
Audrey Tautou as Sophie Neveu
Ian McKellen as Sir Leigh Teabing
Alfred Molina as Bishop Aringarosa
Jürgen Prochnow as André Vernet
Jean Reno as Police Captain Bezu Fache
Paul Bettany as Silas
Étienne Chicot as Lieutenant Jérôme Collet
Jean-Yves Berteloot as Remy Jean
Jean-Pierre Marielle as Jacques Saunière
Charlotte Graham as Mary Magdalene
Hugh Mitchell as young Silas
Seth Gabel as Michael the Cleric
Marie-Françoise Audollent as Sister Sandrine
Rita Davies as Elegant Woman at Rosslyn
Francesco Carnelutti as Prefect
Author Dan Brown and his wife make cameos (forefront) in the first scene of the book signing scene.
The Templar Revelation authors Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, make a brief appearance as passengers on a bus.
The Da Vinci Code (like the book) was controversial.
It received very harsh criticism from the Roman Catholic Church.
They didn't like the idea that they were behind a 2,000-year-old cover-up about what the Holy Grail really was.
The movie also said that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married and had a daughter.
The movie was banned in Egypt because of controversial elements.
It was also banned in Lebanon and Jordan
The movie got mixed to negative reviews from the critics.
Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie 25%, meaning "Rotten".
It also got poor reviews at the Cannes Film Festival Movie critic Leonard Maltin called the movie "a letdown in every respect."
However, reviews were not all bad.
Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper both liked the movie.
The box office
Official "secret" site
"Blessed Be This Noble Land" is called "Fatshe leno la rona" in the Tswana language.
It is the national anthem of Botswana.
Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete wrote the lyrics (words) and composed the music of this song in 1962.
Four years later when the country got its independence from the United Kingdom, this anthem was adopted.
Tswana version
"God Bless America" is an American patriotic song.
It was written by Irving Berlin in 1918.
The song was revised in 1938.
The latter was recorded by Kate Smith; it became her signature song.
In 1938, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Berlin felt it was time to revive the song.
On Armistice Day, 1938, Kate Smith performed the song on the radio.
The cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is made.
The insect lives in tropical and subtropical South America, Mexico and Arizona.
Its larvae eat cacti in the genus Opuntia, feeding on plant moisture and nutrients.
These insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, then are brushed off and dried.
Carminic acid is extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal.
Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick.
The Battle of Fredericksburg (December 11, 1862 – December 15, 1862) was a major battle in the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg, Virginia.
The battle saw almost 200,000 men engaged—more than any other Civil War battle.
It involved the first major opposed river crossing in the history of the United States.
After the Maryland Campaign and the bloody Battle of Antietam, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee retreated south into Virginia.
Lee's rearguard action at the Battle of Shepherdstown convinced Union General George B. McClellan not to follow him too closely.
McClellan, after asking twice for more reinforcements, decided it was safer to stay put and defend Maryland.
On October 6, President Abraham Lincoln instructed McClellan to go after the Confederates in Virginia.
Although he had 100,000 men he complained he did not have enough troops and supplies to cross into Virginia.
Finally, at the end of October, by which time Lee's army was rested and resupplied, McClellan slowly moved his army south.
But he did not engage them.
Lincoln waited until after the elections of 1862 before replacing McClellan.
The President had already planned to replace McClellan for some time.
Before the autumn of 1862 he had offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Ambrose Burnside twice.
Burnside turned Lincoln down both times.
Finally, on November 7, Lincoln replaced McClellan as Burnside reluctantly accepted the job.
Now in command, on November 14, Burnside sent a corps to the area of Falmouth across from Fredericksburg.
This was in preparation for a move against Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital.
Reports placed Lee's army scattered between Culpepper, Virginia and Winchester, Virginia blocking any Union advances south.
Burnside's plan, approved by Lincoln, was to move the army south to attack Richmond.
He decided to move via Fredericksburg.
That way he could depend on the Union Navy to keep him supplied instead of overland supply which could be attacked by Confederate cavalry.
He would also sidestep the Confederate army and get between them and Richmond.
His main base was the landing at Aquia Creek.
His plan was to use pontoon bridges to cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg.
But the pontoon bridges were two weeks late in arriving.
So the Army of the Potomac sat across the river and waited.
This delay gave Lee ample time to gather his forces to oppose Burnside, who had now lost the advantage of surprise.
During the early morning hours on December 11, soldiers assembled the pontoon bridges so the army could cross.
The confederates fired on them causing delays in completing the bridges.
Burnside's 150 artillery pieces opened fire from Stafford Heights.
The shells did extensive damage to the town but did not drive off the Confederates.
Finally the bridges were completed late that evening.
More than 120,000 Union troops poured across the bridges into Fredericksburg.
Lee continued to give token resistance to allow General Stonewall Jackson's corps time to get in place and complete a Confederate line some three miles long.
Burnside had depended on an unopposed crossing of the river.
Now, Lee had time to get his army in place.
Winter weather would soon make the roads very difficult to use and end any campaigns until spring.
Burnside needed to break through Lee's line.
On December 12, the morning was cold and foggy.
Burnside sent more troops into the town but did nothing to organize an attack.
Instead, his men wasted the day looting and vandalizing houses and shops.
December 13th
Burnside waited until the morning of December 13 to issue his orders.
He directed General William B. Franklin's division to attack Jackson's Corps.
Then General Edwin Vose Sumner's division was to attack Marye's Heights.
But Burnside's orders were unclear on several points.
In his orders to Franklin, he ordered the attack with "a division at least".
Without taking time to clarify, Franklin sent just one—General George G. Meade's division of 4.500 men.
They were to attack Jackson's line about a mile away.
Two small Confederate cannon were on the road perpendicular to Mead's advancing troops.
Even though he had orders to disengage, Major John Pelham kept up the shelling for over an hour.
Finally, when Pelham ran out of ammunition he withdrew the cannons.
Meade continued his march on Jackson's position.
When Meade's division came to within , Jackson's hidden 14 artillery pieces opened fire cutting down many of Meade's soldiers.
Union artillery opened fire on the Confederate guns and an artillery duel started that lasted for an hour.
Meade's troops found a  gap in Jackson's line in the woods and exploited it.
A South Carolina brigade at first mistook Meade's troops for retreating Confederates and did not fire on them.
This allowed the Union troops to get deep within Jackson's line.
When Jackson learned of this he ordered a counterattack and drove the Union troops back to their own lines.
Burnside waited at his headquarters to hear that Meade had successfully driven Jackson back.
When no word of this came, he ordered the attack on Marye's Heights to go ahead anyway.
Artillery on top of Marye's Heights and nearby hills would prevent any assault on the Heights.
But Sumner ordered a series of attacks all afternoon with the Confederate artillery raining down shells on them.
Finally, at dusk the attacks were called off.
One after another, three divisions had tried to scale Marye's Heights and all had failed.
Nearly 3,000 men were lost in just an hour but the attacks continued with no effect.
As Lee watched the destruction of Sumner's divisions he remarked, "It is well that war is so terrible.
We should grow too fond of it."
Of the 12,600 Federal casualties almost two-thirds were lost assaulting Marye's Heights.
In turn, the Confederates lost about 5,000 men during the battle.
Despite winning what seemed like a lopsided battle, Lee lost men and equipment he could not afford to lose.
Burnside's losses, although great, were soon replaced.
Lee suffered 5,300 casualties defending Fredericksburg.
Union losses were more than double.
Burnside lost about 12,600 Union soldiers; killed, wounded, or missing.
The Battle of Fredericksburg was depressing news to the North.
But it had no lasting impact on the war.
It was a boost to Confederate morale however.
The spring would see a new campaign against Richmond.
In January 1863, Burnside was replaced as commander of the Army of the Potomac by General Joseph Hooker.
But Like Burnside, Hooker would be replaced after a single disastrous battle—the Battle of Chancellorsville.
But following the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac engaged in what came to be called the Mud March, an aborted attempt at a winter campaign.
The Charente (Saintongeais: Chérente, ) is a river in southwestern France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Two departments, Charente and Charente-Maritime, are named after the river.
The Charente river starts in western Massif Central, in the commune of Chéronnac, Haute-Vienne department,  at an elevation of about .
It flows to the northwest for about  and then flows through the north of the Charente department.
The river keeps flowing to the northwest and gets into the Vienne department.
After the commune of Civray, the river turns to the southwest and gets back into the Charente department.
After Angoulême, the river turns west and, after  Cognac, to the northwest.
The river is navigable (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass), mainly with  recreational boats from Angoulême to its mouth.
The Charente flows through 4 departments and 120 communes, all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:
Haute-Vienne: three communes.
Vienne: ten communes and the cities Charroux and Civray.
Charente: 78 communes  and the cities Gond-Pontouvre, Angoulême, Châteauneuf-sur-Charente, Jarnac and Cognac.
Charente-Maritime: 35 communes and the cities Saintes, Tonnay-Charente et Rochefort.
Banque Hydro - Station R5200010 - La Charente à Chaniers
Dictionnaire des canaux et rivières de France - Rivière Charente
Site web officiel du Site Natura 2000 FR5400-472 "Moyenne vallée de la Charente, Seugne et Coran"
Nathaniel "Nate" Thurmond (July 25, 1941 – July 16, 2016) was an American basketball player.
He spent the majority of his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Golden State Warriors.
Thurmond was a seven-time All-Star and the first player in NBA history to record an official quadruple-double.
Thurmond was named both a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History.
He was known to fans as "Nate the Great", Thurmond has had his No.
42 jersey retired by both the Golden State Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers.
Bloeme Evers-Emden (; 26 July 1927 – 18 July 2016) was a Jewish-Dutch academic and child psychologist.
She researched the phenomenon of "hidden children" during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s.
Her interest in the topic grew out of her own experiences during World War II, when she was forced to go into hiding from the Nazis and was arrested and deported to Auschwitz on the last transport leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944.
Together with her on the train were Anne Frank and her family, whom she had known in Amsterdam.
She was freed on 8 May 1945.
She wrote columns for the Jewish weekly Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad.
Portrait of Bloeme Emden with a Jewish star, circa 1942
Oral history interview with Bloeme Evers-Emden (1999) at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Dutch psychologists
Fouzia Azeem (; March 1, 1990 – July 15, 2016), better known by the name Qandeel Baloch (), was a Pakistani model, actress, feminist activist and social media celebrity.
Baloch became famous due to her videos discussing her daily routine and many controversial issues.
Baloch first received recognition from the media in 2013, when she auditioned for Pakistan Idol; her audition went viral and she became an Internet celebrity.
She was one of the top 10 most searched for persons on the internet in Pakistan and both celebrated and criticized for her videos and posts.
On July 15, 2016, Baloch was strangled while she was asleep in her parents' house in Multan.
Her brother Waseem confessed to the murder saying she was "bringing disrepute" to the "family's honour".
Janez Bernik (6 September 1933 – 15 July 2016) was a Slovenian painter and academic.
He was born in Gunclje, now part of Ljubljana.
His works include painting, sculpture, graphic design, illustration, tapestry, book design, and poetry.
He won the Prešeren Fund Award in 1963.
Billy Name (William Linich, Jr., February 22, 1940 – July 18, 2016) was an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer.
He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970.
His brief romance and friendship with Andy Warhol led to collaboration on Warhol's work, including his movies, paintings and sculpture.
Warholstars.com profile of Billy Name
Duncan Montgomery Gray, Jr. (September 21, 1926 – July 15, 2016) was an American bishop and activist.
He was the 7th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi (a middle judicatory of the Episcopal Church, USA).
He was a priest in the southern United States.
Gray was best known for his work as a civil rights activist, and his story was included in the University of Southern Mississippi's Civil Rights Digital Archive.
Sharon Runner (May 17, 1954 – July 14, 2016) was an American politician.
She was a Republican California State Senator.
She represented the 21st Senate District at the time of her death, and lastly represented the 17th Senate District from 2011 to 2012.
She was also a member of the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2008, representing the 36th district.
She was the wife of California State Board of Equalization Member George Runner.
From 2004 to 2008, then-Senator George Runner and then-Assemblywoman Sharon Runner were the first husband and wife in California history to serve at the same time in the California State Legislature.
Helena Zoila Tirona Benitez (June 27, 1914 – July 14, 2016) was a Filipino academic and administrator of the Philippine Women's University.
She served in the Senate of the Philippines from 1967 until Congress was closed when martial law was declared in 1972, and at the Batasang Pambansa from 1978 until it was abolished in 1986.
Péter Esterházy (14 April 1950 – 14 July 2016) was a Hungarian writer.
He has been called a "leading figure of 20th century Hungarian literature" and his books are thought to be significant contributions to postwar literature.
The Rappahannock River is a river in eastern Virginia, in the United States.
It crosses the entire northern part of the state, from the Blue Ridge Mountains in the west, across the Piedmont, to the Chesapeake Bay, south of the Potomac River.
The river drains an area of  which is about 6% of Virginia.
Much of the watershed is rural and forested.
But it has experienced increased development in recent decades because it is so close to the Washington, D.C. suburbs.
It was an important river in American history.
The Rappahannock was the site of early settlements in the Virginia Colony.
Later, it was at the center of Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.
It was a significant obstacle to north-south movements via land.
As a result it functioned as the war's eastern-theatre boundary, between the "North" (the Union) and the "South" (the Confederate States of America).
The name of the river comes from an Algonquian word, lappihanne (also recorded as toppehannock), meaning "river of quick, rising water" or "where the tide ebbs and flows," the name used by the local native population, the Rappahannock tribe.
Although there had been a few small hamlets along the lower Rappahannock during early colonial times, the settlement of the Rappahannock River valley began in earnest during the first years of the 18th century, at the urging of Governor Alexander Spotswood.
The James River had been surveyed up to its fall line, the point where, geologically, continental bedrock of the Piedmont meets the sedimentary rocks and alluvial soils of the coastal plain.
Spotswood encouraged settlement in a river valley other than that of the James.
In 1714, he began seeking immigrants from the Rhineland-Palatinate and Switzerland to homestead on lands he controlled near where the Rappahannock and the Rapidan came together.
Known as the Germanna settlement(s), these villages were founded in order to exploit the iron ore deposits of the region.
The Battle of Rappahannock River was fought on the river during the War of 1812.
During the American Civil War, the river, with few convenient fords and fewer bridges, provided a barrier and defensive line.
Behind this line troops had little fear of attack from the river-side.
It was an especially difficult barrier for Union troops to overcome in their attempts to thrust into southern Virginia.
Control of the river changed hands many times during the course of the war.
Significant battles fought along the river include the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Rappahannock Station.
The defensive line at the river was finally bypassed by Ulysses S. Grant in the Wilderness (or Overland) Campaign of 1864, ending in the ultimate Union victory.
The Rappahannock River rises at Chester Gap, a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains a few miles southeast of Front Royal, Virginia.
It flows southeastward before it is joined by the Rapidan River, its largest tributary, from the right.
Southeast of Fredericksburg, it begins to slow and widen into a brackish tidal estuary approximately  long.
It passes two small, but historic, river towns, Port Royal and Port Conway, which sit opposite each other.
The former is on the south bank, the latter on the north.
Then it flows past Tappahannock on its southern bank, a point where the river is well over a mile wide.
The last settlements of any size before reaching the Chesapeake Bay are Irvington, Urbanna, Stingray Point, and White Stone Beach.
The broad river enters the Chesapeake Bay approximately  south of the mouth of the Potomac River and approximately  east of the state capital, Richmond.
At the point where the river enters the bay, between Windmill Point, on the north, and Stingray Point, on the south, it is more than  wide.
This area, the estuary south of the Northern Neck peninsula, is a productive oyster and crab fishery.
Above Fredericksburg, the Rappahannock provides fine opportunities for recreational canoeing and kayaking.
Most of the rapids are Class I and Class II in difficulty, but, near Remington, there are some rapids that are considered to be Class III.
The rivers watershed is protected in various places by parcels of the Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
Friends of the Rappahannock
Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge
The Dronne () is a river in southwestern France, right tributary of the Isle river.
It flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Its name appears, in an old form, in two communes of the Dordogne departmentː Saint-Méard-de-Drône and Saint-Pardoux-de-Drône.
Its modern name appears in three communesː Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, Saint-Méard-de-Drône, Saint-Pardoux-de-Drône.
The Dronne starts in the Massif Central, in the commune of Bussière-Galant, Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
It starts in the Parc naturel régional Périgord Limousin at an altitude of about .
The Dronne flows through 5 departments and 52 communes, all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region; the main communes areː
Haute-Vienne : Bussière-Galant
Dordogne : Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Champagnac-de-Belair, Brantôme, Bourdeilles, Mialet, Tocane-Saint-Apre, Ribérac, Saint-Aulaye, La Roche-Chalais
Charente : Aubeterre-sur-Dronne
Charente-Maritime : Saint-Aigulin
Gironde : Les Églisottes-et-Chalaures, Coutras
Banque Hydro - Station P8462510 - La Dronne à Coutras
Michael J. Elliott, OBE (1951 – 14 July 2016) was a British journalist and executive.
He was the president and chief executive officer of the anti-poverty advocacy organization ONE.
He was awarded an OBE in 2003 for services to journalism.
Elliott previously held senior executive positions at Time magazine, Newsweek, and The Economist.
Tarkhan Tayumurazovich Batirashvili (; 11 February 1986 – presumedly dead in July 2016), known by his nom de guerre Abu Omar al-Shishani (, Abū ‘Umar ash-Shīshānī , "Abu Omar the Chechen") or Omar al-Shishani, was a Georgian Kist jihadist.
He served as a commander for the Islamic State in Syria, and previously as a sergeant in the Georgian Army.
In 2013, Batirashvili joined the Islamic State and rapidly became a senior commander in the organization, directing a series of battles and ultimately earning a seat on ISIS's shura council.
Carolyn See (born Caroline Laws; January 13, 1934 – July 13, 2016) was an American educator and critic.
She was the professor emerita of English at the University of California, Los Angeles.
See was the author of ten books, including the memoir, Dreaming: Hard Luck and Good Times in America, an advice book on writing, Making a Literary Life, and the novels There Will Never Be Another You, Golden Days, and The Handyman.
She was also a book critic for the Washington Post for 27 years.
Hollis Loyd Harris (November 25, 1931 – July 14, 2016) was an American businessman.
He served as President and COO of Delta Air Lines (1987-1990) and Chairman, President, and CEO of Continental Airlines (1990-1991), Air Canada (1992-1996), and World Airways (1999-2004).
Héctor Eduardo Babenco (February 7, 1946 – July 13, 2016) was an Argentine-born Brazilian movie director, screenwriter, producer and actor.
His best known movies are Pixote (1980), Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985), Ironweed (1987), At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1990) and Carandiru (2003).
Major Robert Ross (c.17409 June 1794) was the officer in charge of the marines sent with the First Fleet to start a convict settlement in Australia.
He later became the Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island.
Ross was born in Scotland, and joined the marines in June 1756.
He fought at the siege of Louisburg and the capture of Quebec during the Seven Years' War (1756–63).
Promoted to captain, he saw action at Bunker Hill in June 1775 during the American War of Independence.
He was on  in August 1779 when it was captured and he was taken prisoner by the French.
In 1786 he joined the new New South Wales Marine Corps.
He was made its commander with the brevet rank of major.
He sailed to New South Wales on , but changed to Scarborough during the voyage.
His eight-year-old son went with him to Australia.
Ross did not agree with the governor Arthur Phillip and other officers.
David Collins had an “inexpressible hatred” for him.
Ralph Clark said he was “without exception the most disagreeable commanding officer I ever knew”.
He would not let the marines be used to guard or supervise the convicts.
He would not let marine officers to sit as members of the criminal court.
His own officers did not agree with his decisions.
He believed the marines' task was to protect the settlement, and wanted Phillip to build defensive fortifications.
He tried to embarrass and stop Phillip from carrying out his ideas to build a settlement.
His actions made Phillip's task of starting a new colony more difficult.
Phillip sent Ross to Norfolk Island in March 1790, probably to get him away from Sydney.
The ship taking him to Norfolk Island, the Sirius, was wrecked, and its crew were stranded on the island, Ross proclaimed martial law for four months.
He forced the convicts to work harder to clear more land so that they could grow most of their own food.
They hated him because of the additional heavy work.
He continued to argue with his officers, and Phillip was forced to remove him from the island.
He came back to Sydney in December 1791.
Life in Sydney
Back in Sydney Ross argued and then fought a duel with an officer of the newly arrived New South Wales Corps.
On 18 December he, and most of the marines, went back to England on HMS Gorgon.
Ross did not like living in the colony and did not believe it would succeed.
He said that “in the whole world there is not a worse country than what we have yet seen of this...it may with truth be said, here Nature is reversed."
He said that “every person … who came out with a desire for remaining … are now most earnestly wishing to get away from it.”
Back in England, Ross was not able to keep his rank of major.
He was made a captain-lieutenant and removed from active command.
From 1792 to 1794 he served as Marines recruitment officer at St Albans.
He died on 9 June 1794.
Ross is a character in the Timberlake Wertenbaker play, Our Country's Good.
He is the main villain, showing extremely cruel treatment of the convicts.
Ross is also a bad person in Jimmy McGovern's TV series Banished, played by Joseph Millson.
Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol.
Gillen, Mollie, The Founders of Australia: a biographical dictionary of the First Fleet, Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1989.
Hazzard, Margaret, Punishment Short of Death: a history of the penal settlement at Norfolk Island, Melbourne, Hyland, 1984.
Hughes, Robert, The Fatal Shore, London, Pan, 1988.
A quota is a number that says how much or how many of something or someone is allowed or required.
It comes from a Latin language word meaning "How many?"
Immigration quota
Import quota
Production quota
Marketing quota
The Intern is a 2015 American comedy movie co-produced, written, and directed by Nancy Meyers.
The movie stars Robert De Niro, Anne Hathaway, Rene Russo, Anders Holm, Andrew Rannells, Adam DeVine, Christina Scherer, and Zack Pearlman.
The movie was released on September 25, 2015 by Warner Bros.
Manuel Gilman Batshaw, (17 April 1915 – 18 July 2016) was a Canadian social worker.
Batshaw was born in Montreal.
He was best known for being the founder of Batshaw Youth and Family Centres.
He spent more than 50 years in the field of social work in Quebec.
In the 1970s, he was active in helping Vietnamese boat people refugees.
In 1975, he was in charge of an inquiry into abuses at institutions housing troubled young people, and the Batshaw Committee submitted a report.
In 1993, five institutions were merged and were named the Batshaw Youth and Family Centres in his honour.
XOXO is the first studio album of the boy band Chinese-South Korean EXO, released on June 3, 2013 by the label S.M. Entertainment.
The album is the follow-up to the EP debut of EXO, MAMA (2012).
Like all the music from the group, the album was released in two versions - "Kiss" is the Korean edition and "Hug" is the Chinese edition.
Two main singles were released from XOXO: "Wolf" and "Growl", with the latter being the first single from the album of the repackaged version released on August 5, 2013.
Both singles went to the list in the top 10 of Gaon Singles Chart, and "Growl" was at number three in Billboard Korea K-Pop Hot 100.
The album won "Álbum of the Year" in 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards and sold about a million copies, becoming the best-selling album in Korea since 2001.
The single main album "The Wolf and the Beauty" known in English as simply "Wolf", was composed by Will Simms, Nermin Harambasic by Dsign Music and composer of S.M. Entertainment Kenzie.
Kenzie has of the letter for the version Korean of the song while Zhou Weijie wrote the letter for the version in Chinese mandarin, "狼与美女".
Yoo Young-jin provides the vocals.
The song dance was choreographed by Tony Testa.
In various programs such as After School Club of Arirang, members explain that the dance has 3 elements: trees and forests, caves and the Wolf itself.
The member Kris revealed that it took about 3 to 4 months to learn the choreography, because of their level of difficulty.
A demo version of the song was leaked in February 2013, in response to producer Ryan Jhun later gave a warning to those who download illegally on May 29, 2013: "I'm going to inform of this to the FBI and the Department of service for all those links."