the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The organizers let the public pick the names of the mascots in an online vote.
There were three candidates in the vote:
"Oba and Eba" – Brazilian Portuguese expressions of joy
"Tiba Tuque and Esquindim" – "tiba" means "a lot" in Tupi–Guarani languages; "tuque" comes from batuque, a kind of Brazilian music; and "esquindim" is a Brazilian Portuguese word for natural sway
"Vinicius and Tom" – the names of musicians Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim, the co-writers of the song "The Girl from Ipanema"
The voting ended after three weeks on 14 December 2014. "
Vinicius and Tom" won with 44 percent of 323,327 votes.
Use of Vinicius in Olympic wrestling events
In the sport of wrestling, coaches may challenge a referee's call by throwing a "soft object" into the ring.
This is normally a foam brick, but wrestling rules do not exactly say what the soft object must be.
The Rio 2016 organizers gave wrestling coaches soft plush dolls of Vinicius to throw into the ring when they wished to challenge a call.
One wrestler's coach got a Vinicius doll with a red shirt, while the opponent's coach got one with a blue shirt.
Many people thought this was funny.
NBC Sports commentators started to call Vinicius "the challenge mascot".
Dustin Nelson, a news writer for the website Thrillist, wrote that the mascot took "a little of the anger out of a challenge".
Jason Bryant, the official commentator for wrestling at the 2016 Olympics, was surprised to see this at the Olympics because there is a lot of emphasis on "protocol" at the Olympics.
However, Byrant eventually said that it does not matter what the challenge object is if it has cultural importance to the location of the competition.
Coach Mike Malinconico argued that the Olympic organizers should not have done this.
Vinicius is the Olympic mascot, and he is named after Brazilian musician Vinicius de Moraes.
Vinicius's design represents Brazilian wildlife.
The design combines "the agility of cats, sway of monkeys and grace of birds."
Vinicius can stretch his arms and legs as long as he wants.
His mission is "to spread joy throughout the world and celebrate the friendship that flourishes between people from all over the world" at the Olympic Games.
Tom is the Paralympic mascot, and is he named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim.
Tom's design represents the plants of Brazilian forests.
Tom can pull any object out of his head.
His mission is "to inspire everybody to use creativity and determination to always reach further and have fun."
Vinicius and Tom "were both born from the joy of Brazilians" after the International Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
The mascots are named after Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim, who co-wrote the 1962 bossa nova song "The Girl from Ipanema".
Animated shorts
On 5 August 2015, Cartoon Network Brazil started to broadcast animated short films with the mascots.
The series is named Vinicius e Tom – Divertidos por Natureza ("Vinicius and Tom – Fun by Nature" or "Vinicius and Tom – Natural Entertainers").
The series has 32 episodes.
Each episode is two minutes long.
Divertidos por Natureza is the third television cartoon series based on Olympic mascots.
It is also the first cartoon created in the Americas based on Olympic mascots.
The show follows Vinicius and Tom as they live in Brazilian forests and cities.
The mascots are also sometimes joined by the "Carioca Sisters" ().
The sisters are named Bela, Sol, and Vida.
The series is designed to promote the mascots.
Turner Broadcasting System, the owner of Cartoon Network, spent US$750,000 to develop the series.
Cartoon Network helped to coproduce the series because it won a competition held by the Rio 2016 organizers to select a collaborator for the series.
Brand director Beth Lula said that the mascots "are one of the principal methods of engaging the public with the Games.
The cartoon will give them life, reinforcing the emotional link of the public with the event."
The series is targeted towards children, but the show's staff said that adults will like it too too.
The mascots were included among the merchandise of the Rio 2016 Games.
Merchandise items ranged in size from a Lego kit to life-size dolls.
The organizers gave Paralympic medalists stuffed toys of Tom.
They colored the leaves on the dolls' heads in gold, silver, or bronze in order to match with their medals.
The Vinicius and Tom Lego kit is the first time that Lego made a commercial version of Olympic mascots.
An employee at a Rio 2016 merchandise store said that the mascots were "the most popular thing by far. ...
Kids and adults all love them, especially Vinicius, he is the favourite."
The Rio 2016 Organizing Committee thought that the mascots could make up a quarter of merchandise sales in Rio.
Overall, merchandise sales were 11 percent higher than what they thought, according to Rio 2016 spokesperson Mario Andrada.
The best-selling item was a hat in the shape of Vinicius's head.
The second-best-selling item was a pair of Havaianas with a drawing of Vinicius on it.
Julia Glum wrote about Vinicius and Tom in an article in the International Business Times.
She said that the "mascot for the Olympic Games is almost always strange-looking, and Rio de Janeiro is no exception. ...
though they're by far not the craziest Olympic animals to ever exist ..." In an article published by Mic, Brianna Provenzano called the mascots "lovable".
She described their appearance as "sweet and simple", and she highlighted their symbolisms for the animals and plants of Brazil.
On the other hand, Charlotte Wilder wrote an article in USA Todays sports column For The Win.
She said that she was unimpressed by Vinicius's design: "Whoever was in charge of coming up with this creature of the huge hands and feet did exactly what it looks like, which is mash up a bunch of animals, video game characters, and cartoons, stuff it with some synthetic filling, and call it day."
Robert John Young, Professor of Wildlife Conservation at the University of Salford, thought that Rio 2016 should have given more attention to environmental protection by using actual animal species instead of inventing their own animal.
Young also thought that the organizers should have included a female name in the public vote.
Carlos Merigo wrote on Brazilian website B9 that the mascots bring back "the colorful, loving and fun atmosphere that marked the Olympic mascots over the decades".
Merigo called them a "return to origins" following the "shapelessness" of Wenlock and Mandeville, the mascots of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
Neha Prakash wrote an article on digital media website Mashable.
Prakash said that Vinicius and Tom "are more nostalgia-inducing than nightmarish" compared to the "terror" of the mascots of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Many people compared the art style of the mascots to that of the Pokémon franchise.
Stephen Wood wrote an article on the history of Olympic mascots in Paste, and he compared them to the style of Adventure Time, an American animated television series.
In an article published on Slate's culture blog Brow Beat, Matthew Dessem wrote that there were no big problems with the mascots when compared to previous Olympic mascots: "Like the best Olympic mascots of yore, Vinicius and Tom are well-suited to plush toys and licensing deals and will be completely forgotten within a year."
Leila Cobo wrote an article published by Billboard, and she praised the organizers of Rio 2016 for "celebrating music in a most joyful and profound way" by naming the Olympic mascot after Vinicius de Moraes.
– the animated shorts, published on the official YouTube channel of Rio 2016
Birdo Studio – official website of the studio that created the mascots
Arsène Tchakarian (December 21, 1916 – August 4, 2018) was a French-Armenian historian, former tailor and member of the French Resistance.
He was a member of the Manouchian Group of the FTP-MOI.
Tchakarian was the last surviving member of the Manouchian Group (Groupe Manouchian), a Paris-based resistance group led by Missak Manouchian.
He was born in Sapanca, Ottoman Empire.
The National Museum of Brazil is the oldest scientific institution of Brazil.
Until 2018 it had one of the largest collections of natural history and anthropology in the Americas.
Despite this, the museum was already in bad condition when it burned in September 2018.
From 2014 the museum had budget cuts that dropped its maintenance to less than R$520,000 annually.
The budget was so low, there was $0.01 to spend on each of the artifacts.
The building fell into disrepair, with peeling wall material, exposed electrical wiring, and a termite problem.
Some of the artifacts lost in the fire included Egyptian mummies, remains from the oldest human skeleton found in the Americas, frescoes from Pompeii, and dinosaur skeletons.
The great fire
On 2 September 2018, at around 19:30 local time, a large fire broke out at the Paço de São Cristóvão.
The museum was almost completely destroyed.
The museum's holdings included over 20 million items.
About 90% were destroyed.
Brazil's President Michel Temer called the loss of the historical and cultural heritage "incalculable".
The cause of the fire is not known, but many connected it to the museum's lack of funding.
Samuel Conti (July 16, 1922 – August 29, 2018) was an American jurist.
He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California from 1970 until his retirement in 1987.
In 1987, he became senior judge of the court.
Sir James Alexander Mirrlees  (5 July 1936 – 29 August 2018) was a Scottish economist.
He was the winner of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.
He was knighted in the 1997 Birthday Honours.
Biographic speech from The Chinese University of Hong Kong
James Mirrlees interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 21 July 2009 (film)
Carilda Oliver Labra  (6 July 1922 – 29 August 2018) was a Cuban poet.
She was born in Matanzas.
Oliver Labra studied law at the University of Havana.
She was known as one of the most influential Cuban poets.
Oliver Labra won many national and international prizes including the National Poetry Prize (1950), National Literature Award (1997) and the José de Vasconcelos International Prize (2002).
Me desordeno, amor, me desordeno might be her most famous poem.
Paul Belville Taylor, Jr. (July 29, 1930 – August 29, 2018) was an American choreographer.
He was among the last living members of the third generation of America's modern dance artists.
Taylor works include Big Bertha (1970),, Airs (1978), Arden Court (1981), Sunset (1983), Last Look (1985), Speaking in Tongues (1988), Brandenburgs (1988), Company B (1991), Piazolla Caldera (1996), Black Tuesday (2001), Promethean Fire (2002), and Beloved Renegade (2008).
Paul Taylor Dance Company
PBS:American Masters biography
Kennedy Center biography
American Ballet Theater biography
Iosif (Joseph) Davydovich Kobzon (; 11 September 1937 — 30 August 2018) was a Soviet-Russian singer.
He was born in Chasiv Yar, Donetsk Oblast.
He performed concerts for Joseph Stalin when he was younger.
His best-known song is  Instants  from the Soviet TV series Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973).
He went to Donetsk People's Re­public and said words in support of its separatists.
He got Honorary Consul of ‘Donetsk People's Republic’ in the Russian Federation.
He voted "yes" to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation on March 20, 2014.
He was put in the EU blacklist for that on February 16, 2015.
Official site of Iosif Kobzon
Joseph Kobzon at iTunes
Ray (February 14, 1982 – August 30, 2018) was a Hong Kong professional wrestler.
Ray made her professional wrestling debut in September 2003 and would for the next several years wrestle under different masks, before she began working for Smash in March 2010.
She remained with Smash until the promotion folded in March 2012.
Chō Sentō Puroresu FMW profile
Fukumen Mania profile
Puroresu Central profile
Ray's official blog
Marie Severin (; August 21, 1929 – August 29, 2018) was an American comics artist and colorist.
She was best known for her work for Marvel Comics such as on Spider-Man, Thor, and Iron Man and the 1950s' EC Comics.
Severin was born in East Rockaway, New York.
East Rockaway is a village in Nassau County, New York, in the United States.
The population was 9,818 at the 2010 census.
Massapequa (, ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on Long Island, east of New York City.
It is near to Amityville.
As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a total population of 21,685.
Amityville is a village in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States.
The population was 9,523 at the 2010 census.
Susan Brown (May 4, 1932 – August 31, 2018) was an American television and movie actress and interior designer.
She was best known for her roles on daytime soap operas such as in General Hospital.
In 1979, she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her role on the show.
Brown starred as Adelaide in As the World Turns.
Eileen Fulton (born September 13, 1933), is an American actress.
She is known for her television role as Lisa Grimaldi on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns, which she would star from May 18, 1960 until the show's ending on September 17, 2010.
Interview with Eileen Fulton for the Archive of American Television
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza  25 January 1922 – 31 August 2018) was an Italian population geneticist.
He lectured at Stanford University.
Cavalli-Sforza won the Weldon Memorial Prize in 1978.
Cavalli-Sforza's The History and Geography of Human Genes (1994 with Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza) is a standard reference on human genetic variation.
Cavalli-Sforza also wrote The Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity and Evolution (together with his son Francesco).
Earlier, in the 1970s, he and Walter Bodmer wrote what was the standard textbook on modern human genetics,  The Genetics of Human Populations.
WHFreeman, 1971.
The two, with Bodmer as first author, later wrote another more basic text, Genetics, Evolution, and Man  WHFreeman, 1976.
Together  with his 1994 book they show human genetics before the genomics era began giving much more detailed data.
Muni Tarun Sagar (26 June 1967 – 1 September 2018) was an Indian Digambara monk and political advisor.
His lectures are known as Kadve Pravachan (bitter discourses) because they can be critical of common practices and views.
His lectures have been published in book series also titled Kadve Pravachan.
His audience often includes a majority of non-Jains.
Sagar was born as Pawan Kumar Jain on 26 June 1967 in Madhya Pradesh, India.
He became Kshullak at the age of 13 and Acharya Pushpdant Sagar at the age of 20.
Sagar was known for supporting the ban on liquor, leather and meat in India.
He began to publish speeches under the title Kadve Pravachan (Bitter Discourse) starting in 2003 in Ahmedabad.
Jealousy fetches you nothing.
Don't be egoistic because of your money!
Dharma seems necessary?
Where there is bickering, there is hell
While Jain monks often did not want to be related with politicians,  Sagar often met politicians and government officials as a guest.
He has delivered his sermons Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2010 and in Haryana Legislative Assembly on 26 August 2016.
In August 2016, Tarun Sagar was invited to address the Haryana Assembly by both the ruling BJP and the opposition Congress party members.
He talked about social and political issues and evoked applause and laughter from lawmakers.
The event caused a number of tweets critical of Muni Tarun Sagar because of his nudity.
He once said that Jihad is a conspiracy to convert Hindu girls into Muslims.
He was also against Muslim practice in India.
Most People Dressed up as Mahatma Gandhi World Record
Weston's works were influenced by Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk.
Weston worked often with trombonist and arranger Melba Liston.
Randy Weston official site
"Randy Weston: Hi-Fly, Little Niles and Africa (From The Archives)", JazzProfiles, October 7, 2013
"Profile: Randy Weston" by Arnold Jay Smith
Randy Weston video interview at underyourskin
Black History Special: Jazz Legend Randy Weston on His Life and Celebration of "African Rhythms", Democracy Now!,
February 20, 2012
Transcript of conversation with Randy Weston, National Endowment for the Arts.
"Randy Weston: A Giant of Jazz, a Giant of a Man", Huffington Post, December 2, 2015.
Ehsan Yarshater (, April 3, 1920 – September 1, 2018) was an Iranian historian and linguist.
He worked in iranology.
He was the founder and director of The Center for Iranian Studies, and Hagop Kevorkian Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Columbia University.
Conway Victor Savage (27 July 1960 – 2 September 2018) was an Australian rock pianist and singer-songwriter.
He was a member of Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds from 1990 until his retirement in 2017.
Savage had a solo career and released albums, Nothing Broken (2000), Wrong Man's Hands (2004) and Rare Songs & Performances 1989–2004.
He also collaborated with other artists for their albums, such as Soon Will Be Tomorrow (with Suzie Higgie, 1998) and Quickie for Ducky (with Amanda Fox and Robert Tickner, 2007).
In October 2017, Savage was diagnosed with brain cancer.
He died, aged 58, in Melbourne on 2 September 2018.
Carole Shelley (16 August 1939 – 31 August 2018) was an English actress.
Her many stage roles included the character of Madame Morrible in the original Broadway cast of the musical Wicked.
She won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in The Elephant Man in 1979.
She also starred in Wicked and in Robin Hood.
Babylon is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States.
It is located on Long Island, the town population was 214,191 as of the 2014 census.
Town of Babylon
Babylon Beacon (local newspaper)
Barry Du Bois (born 4 August 1960) is an Australian designer, building expert and TV personality on Network Ten.
Du Bois first appeared on reality renovation show The Renovators.
Du Bois is co-host and design/building expert on lifestyle program The Living Room.
Gareth O'Callaghan (born 24 March 1961) is an Irish author and retired radio and television presenter.
He was most recently to be heard on 4fm, having presented shows on RTÉ 2fm for much of his career until 2005 and then a show on Galway Bay FM until his retirement in 2018.
He is known for talking about depression and suicide awareness on his shows.
There are many parallels between different neurodegenerative disorders including atypical protein assemblies as well as induced cell death.
Neurodegeneration can be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic.
St John Ambulance is a group of organizations which provide first aid and emergency medicine.
They work in over 40 countries, mostly in the Commonwealth of Nations.
The role of St John Ambulance varies.
For example, in some parts of Australia, St John Ambulance are the main ambulance service.
In most places, St John Ambulance are mostly volunteers and their role is to provide first aid at local events (e.g. sports matches, local fairs, races, etc.)
and first aid training to the public.
St John Ambulance is run by its founders, the Venerable Order of Saint John.
The Order is a descendant of the Knights Hospitaller of the Middle Ages.
They founded the first branch of St John Ambulance in the United Kingdom in the 19th century.
In 1877, the St John Ambulance Association was set up to teach first aid skills.
In 1887, the St John Ambulance Brigade was founded to provide first aid at local events.
These two have since been merged into the English branch of St John Ambulance.
First aiders for St John Ambulance are often seen wearing uniform.
They originally had army ranks, though many now use non-military ranks instead.
Some branches have cadets, for teenagers and older children.
All branches of St John Ambulance use the eight-point Maltese Cross as their logo.
This symbol appears on a number of organizations descended from the Knights Hospitaller.
The Order of Malta Ambulance Corps in Ireland is an example.
Other similar organizations include Red Cross and Red Crescent (a worldwide movement) and St Andrew's First Aid in Scotland.
Roger Caesar Marius Bernard de Delgado Torres Castillo Roberto (1 March 1918 – 18 June 1973), better known as Roger Delgado, was a British actor.
He began his acting career in 1939.
He is best known as the first actor to play the Master in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who.
He appeared as the Master in 37 episodes from 1971 until his death in 1973.
Delgado was born in Whitechapel, London.
He was the son of a Belgian mother and a Spanish father.
He served as a major during the Second World War.
He was married to Kismet Shahani.
On 18 June 1973, Delgado was killed in a car accident in Nevşehir, Turkey.
He died while filming the French-German TV miniseries La Cloche tibétaine (English: Tibetan Bell).
The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra) is a major river in West Africa.
It is about   long.
It runs from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul.
From the Fouta Djallon, the river runs northwest into the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, where it flows through the Parc National du Niokolo Koba, then is joined by the Nieri Ko and Koulountou before entering the Gambia at Fatoto.
At this point the river runs generally west, but in a meandering course with a number of oxbows, and about 100km from its mouth it gradually widens, to over 10km wide where it meets the sea.
The aquatic fauna in the Gambia River basin is closely associated with that of the Senegal River basin, and the two are usually combined under a single ecoregion known as the Senegal-Gambia Catchments.
Although the species richness is moderately high, only three species of frogs and one fish are endemic to this ecoregion.
The river is an important trade route.
Ocean-going vessels can use it for , to the settlement of Kuntaur.
Smaller ships can reach the settlement Fatoto, which is  from its mouth.
Tongyong Pinyin is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin in the Roman alphabet, that was invented in Taiwan.
It was created by the Taiwanese to oppose Hanyu Pinyin, which is the official romanization of Mandarin in Mainland China, the UN, and most other international organizations, because many Taiwanese do not want to use a writing system created by the Chinese Communist Party.
In 2002, it became the official romanization in Taiwan, even though no one was forced to use it.
However, in 2009, Taiwan replaced Tongyong with Hanyu as the island's official romanization.
While Taipei mostly uses Hanyu spelling today, many cities, particularly in southern Taiwan, still use many different romanizations, including Tongyong spelling, and it can still be seen in many places.
Tongyong Pinyin vs. Hanyu Pinyin
Most Tongyong spellings of Chinese syllables are the same as Hanyu spellings.
However, one major difference is that Tongyong does not use letters 'x' and 'q', which are both used in Hanyu.
Below is a chart that compares syllables in Hanyu to those in Tongyong.
Below is not an exhaustive list, but a list that show major differences between the two systems.
"Starships" is a song by American rapper Nicki Minaj.
It is from her second studio album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded and appears as the tenth track on the album.
It was released on February 14, 2012.
The song has a pop rap sound similar to her previous single "Super Bass" and has elements of dance-pop and Eurodance.
Minaj co-wrote the song with Wayne Hector, Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, and its producer, RedOne, who is known for his work with Lady Gaga and Jennifer Lopez.
Gordon David Phillips (17 November 1946 – 3 September 2018) was an English professional football goalkeeper and coach.
He made over 200 appearances in the Football League for Brentford.
Phillips also played for Hayes from 1961 to 1963 and for Hillingdon Borough from 1973 to 1978.
He was born in Uxbridge, London.
Fleming is known for having a full lyric soprano voice.
She has sung chansons, jazz and indie rock.
Her best known roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, Desdemona in Verdi's Otello, Violetta in Verdi's La traviata, the title role in Dvořák's Rusalka, the title role in Massenet's Manon, the title role in Massenet's Thaïs, the title role in Richard Strauss's Arabella, the Marschallin in Der Rosenkavalier, and the Countess in Capriccio.
Horn Hill is a town in Covington County, Alabama, United States.
At the 2010 census the population was 228.
Hurtsboro is a town of Russell County in the state of Alabama, in the United States.
At the 2010 census the population was 553, down from 592 in 2000.
Inverness is an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Alabama, United States.
It is a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama.
Wilton is a town of Shelby County in the state of Alabama, in the United States.
It is also known by the previous names of Birmingham Junction, Bismark, and Catoosa.
Vincent is a city of Shelby, St. Clair, and Talladega counties in the state of Alabama, in the United States.
It was known as Propel.
Springville is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States.
At the 2010 census the population was 4,080, up from 2,521 in 2000.
It was incorporated in December 1880.
Moody is a city in Alabama in the United States.
At the 2010 census, it has about 11,700 people lived there.
Mooresville is a town of Limestone County in the state of Alabama, in the United States.
It is located southeast of the intersection of Interstate 565 and Interstate 65, and north of Wheeler Lake.
Mooresville: A Town of Charm & History
Jemison is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States.
At the 2010 census, the population was 2,585.
City of Jemison official website
History of the City of Jemison
Pommiers, Aisne, in the Aisne department
Pommiers, Gard, in the Gard department
Pommiers, Indre, in the Indre department
Pommiers, Loire, in the Loire department
Pommiers, Rhône, in the Rhône department
Pommiers-la-Placette, in the Isère department
Pommiers-Moulons, in the Charente-Maritime department
Pommier, in the Pas-de-Calais department
Pommier-de-Beaurepaire, in the Isère department
Jacqueline Pearce (20 December 1943 – 3 September 2018) was a British movie and television actress.
She was best known as the villain Servalan in the British science fiction TV series Blake's 7.
She also starred in Doctor Who as Chessene, a bloodthirsty alien.
Caterina Ranieri (31 August 1925 – 3 September 2018), known professionally as Katyna Ranieri, was an Italian actress and singer.
She was born in Follonica, Italy.
She had her first hit in 1954 at the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Una canzone da due soldi".
She was the widow of the Italian film composer Riz Ortolani.
She starred in Goodbye Uncle Tom.
Katyna Ranieri Official website
Thomas Sowell (; born June 30, 1930) is an American economist and social theorist.
He is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
Sowell worked at Cornell University and University of California, Los Angeles.
He has also worked for think tanks such as the Urban Institute.
Since 1980, he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.
He writes from a libertarian conservative perspective.
He is a National Humanities Medal recipient for innovative scholarship which incorporated history, economics and political science.
Thomas Sowell's home page
Thomas Sowell Features at Creators Syndicate
Column archive at Townhall.com
Archive of Articles by Thomas Sowell at JewishWorldReview.com
Richard Art Viguerie (born September 23, 1933) is an American conservative figure, pioneer of political direct mail and writer on politics.
He is the current chairman of ConservativeHQ.com.
ConservativeHQ.com Web Site
Booknotes interview with Viguerie on America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power, September 5, 2004.
Pasadena  is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population is 149,043, making it the seventeenth most populous city in the state of Texas.
Claire Wineland (April 10, 1997 – September 2, 2018) was an American health activist, entrepreneur and author.
She was known for her non-profit organization "Claire’s Place Foundation".
She worked to support and organize people with terminal and chronic illness and their families.
She was also the author of the book Every Breath I Take, Surviving and Thriving with Cystic Fibrosis and a TEDx speaker.
Annette Jones (born September 7, 1967), better known as Leslie Jones, is an American comedian and actress.
She is a cast member and writer on Saturday Night Live.
Jones starred in Ghostbusters (2016) as Patty Tolan.
In 2017 and 2018, Jones was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on Saturday Night Live.
He starred in Birth, Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator, The Constant Gardener, Sofia Coppola’s Marie Antoinette, Peter Berg’s The Kingdom, Ridley Scott’s Robin Hood and Sacha Gervasi’s Hitchcock.
Huston starred in the thriller series American Horror Story, portraying The Axeman in American Horror Story: Coven and Massimo Dolcefino in American Horror Story: Freak Show.
He also starred as General Erich Ludendorff in the 2017 movie Wonder Woman.
Nevada ( nə--də; pronounced differently than the state) is a city and a county seat of Vernon County, Missouri, United States.
The population was 8,386 at the 2010 census, and 8,171 in the 2012 estimate.
Dumbo is an American fantasy adventure movie.
It was directed by Tim Burton.
It was inspired by Walt Disney's 1941 animated movie also called Dumbo.
It stars Colin Farrell, Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Eva Green and Alan Arkin.
The movie was released in the United States and United Kingdom on March 11, 2019.
It was released in Real D 3D and IMAX 3D.
Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer Loftus,  (4 October 1817 – 7 March 1904) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator.
He was Ambassador to Prussia from 1865 to 1868, to the North German Confederation from 1868 to 1871 and to the Russian Empire from 1871 to 1879 and Governor of New South Wales from 1879 to 1885.
Jon Raymond Polito (December 29, 1950 – September 1, 2016) was an American actor.
His best known works were as Detective Steve Crosetti in the first two seasons of Homicide: Life on the Street and as Phil Bartoli on the first season of Crime Story.
Polito starred as The Rocketeer, The Crow and Gangster Squad, as well as his work with the Coen brothers.
He appeared in five of their movies, including Miller's Crossing, Barton Fink and The Big Lebowski.
Polito last appeared as Enrico Banducci in a large supporting role in Tim Burton's 2014 movie Big Eyes.
Duarte () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States.
As of the 2010 census, the city population was 21,321, down from 21,486 at the 2000 census.
Tropical Storm Gordon was a tropical cyclone in early September 2018.
The storm developed on September 1, 2018.
Gordon crossed over southern Florida near Key Largo and Miami on September 3, 2018.
The storm went into the Gulf of Mexico later that day.
Kenneth Smith Harrelson (born September 4, 1941), nicknamed "The Hawk", is an American All-Star first baseman and outfielder in Major League Baseball.
He serves as a television broadcast announcer for the Chicago White Sox.
He played for the Kansas City Athletics, Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox and the Cleveland Indians.
Harrelson was born in Woodruff, South Carolina, but raised in Savannah, Georgia.
profile and chronology Baseball Library
Full list of catch phrases
SABR BioProject
Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.
The population was 4,101 at the 2010 census.
Hinterkaifeck was a small farmstead near the Bavarian towns of Ingolstadt and Schrobenhausen.
It was about  north of Munich.
On the evening of 31 March 1922, the six people who lived in the farm were killed.
The murders remain unsolved.
Hinterkaifeck was never an official place name.
The name was used for the remote farmstead of the hamlet of Kaifeck, located nearly  north of the main part of Kaifeck and hidden in the woods (the prefix Hinter, part of many German place names, means behind), part of the town of Wangen, which was incorporated into Waidhofen in 1971.
Interviews, pictures, maps and theories (German)
Two new films about Hinterkaifeck (English)
It is named after the Persian phrase tamám shud, meaning "ended" or "finished", printed on a scrap of paper found months later in the fob pocket of the man's trousers.
The scrap had been torn from the final page of a copy of Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, authored by 12th-century poet Omar Khayyám.
Tamam was misspelt as Taman in many early reports and this error.
Jessica Thomson living in nearby Glenelg was questioned in connection with the case, her phone number was found in the book.
Shortly afterwards, she gave birth to a boy with the same rare ear trait as the unidentified man.
On March 18, 1990, 13 paintings worth for a total of $500 million were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.
In the early hours, guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a disturbance call.
Once inside, the thieves tied up the guards and over the next hour committed the largest-value recorded theft of private property in history.
Despite efforts by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and multiple probes around the world, no arrests have been made and no works have been recovered.
The museum initially offered a reward of $5 million for information leading to the art's recovery, but in 2017 this was temporarily doubled to $10 million, with an expiration date set to the end of the year.
This was extended into 2018 following helpful tips from the public.
1990s crimes in the United States
The Isdal Woman () is the name given to an unknown woman who was found dead at Isdalen Valley in Bergen, Norway, on 29 November 1970.
It is thought to be one of Norway's most profound mysteries.
The case has been the subject of intense speculation for many years.
The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a CIA-led operation with Joint Special Operations Command.
The operation ended a nearly 10-year search for bin Laden, following his role in the September 11 attacks on the United States.
The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was launched from Afghanistan.
U.S. military officials said that after the raid U.S. forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried him at sea within 24 hours of his death in accordance with Islamic tradition.
The second and third floors were the last section of the compound to be cleared.
There were reportedly "small knots of children ... on every level, including the balcony of bin Laden's room".
In the aftermath of the killing, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani created a commission under Senior Justice Javed Iqbal.
The resulting Abbottabad Commission Report, which revealed Pakistani state military and intelligence authorities’ “collective failure” that enabled bin Laden to hide in Pakistan for nine years.
Closing in on bin Laden — The Washington Post collection of maps, diagrams, and other images
Phillips, Macon. "
Osama Bin Laden Dead."
The White House Blog.
May 2, 2011.
"Photo Gallery May 1, 2011."
Garamone, Jim. "
Obama Declares 'Justice Has Been Done'."
American Forces Press Service, U.S. Department of Defense.
Intelligence, Operations Team Up for bin Laden Kill."
"Office of the Spokesperson Press Release Death of Osama bin Ladin."
Embassy of Pakistan in Washington.
In August 1912, the Dunbars took a fishing trip to nearby Swayze Lake in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana.
On August 23, while on that trip, Bobby Dunbar disappeared.
Dunbar's parents claimed the boy as their missing son.
However, both Walters and a woman named Julia Anderson said that the boy with him was Anderson's son.
Julia Anderson could not afford a lawyer, and the court eventually sided for the Dunbars.
Percy and Lessie Dunbar retained custody of the child, who proceeded to live out the remainder of his life as Bobby Dunbar.
In 2004, DNA test found that the boy found with Walters and "returned" to the Dunbars as Bobby had not been a blood relative of the Dunbar family.
Since the DNA testing is conclusive, the fate of the actual Bobby Dunbar remains unsolved.
Its failure damaged U.S. prestige worldwide.
Carter himself blamed his loss in the 1980 U.S. presidential election mainly on his failure to win the release of the hostages.
Geoffrey Louis Owens (born March 18, 1961) is an American actor.
He is known for his role as Elvin Tibideaux on The Cosby Show (1985–1992).
In 2017, Owens played an Assistant Dean on the FOX drama series Lucifer.
In September 2018, a customer at a Trader Joe's took a picture of Owens, who worked the cash register.
The publication of the photos has been characterized as "job shaming".
Geoffrey Owens  at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Thomas Bangalter (born 3 January 1975) is a French musician, half of the duo Daft Punk, together with Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, in the sub-genre known as French House (Filter House/Tekfunk).
Los Gatos is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States.
It is in the San Francisco Bay Area, about 70 miles south of San Francisco.
The town grew rapidly in the 1960s, and now has 30,000 inhabitants.
California State Route 17 runs through the town from south to north.
Mission Oaks Hospital is the biggest employer, with 2,000 staff.
Netflix is an online movie rental service headquartered in Los Gatos.
San Ramon is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located 34 miles east of San Francisco, and within the San Ramon Valley.
San Ramon's population was estimated as 76,134 in mid-2015 by the US Census Bureau, making it the 4th largest city in Contra Costa County, after Richmond, Concord and Antioch.
Gwoyeu Romatzyh (pinyin: Guóyǔ luómǎzì, literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated GR, is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin using the Roman alphabet, made by Yuen Ren Chao and some other linguists in the late 1920s.
It was made as a way to write Mandarin using tonal spelling, or spelling rules that would change the syllable's spelling depending on its tone.
For example, the syllable chai would be written as chai if it has the first Mandarin tone (or chāi in Pinyin), chair if it has the second tone (chái), chae if it has the third tone (chăi), and chay if it had the fourth tone (chài).
Y.R. Chao created GR in order to increase literacy in China because China's illiteracy was very high in the early 20th century.
He made it that tones could be written without extra tone markers, which can be long and difficult to add when printing.
Even though many other Asian languages use tonal spelling, like Hmong, they all represent tones by using the same letter each time the tone is used.
In Hmong, for example, -b is always a high tone, -s is always a low tone, -j is always high-falling tone.
In GR, however, each syllable final has its own spelling rules, and many exceptions exist within these rules.
For example, first tone words with the final -a as in bā is written with just one vowel like ba, except when the syllable begins with an l-, m-, or n-, which then must be written as lha, mha, and nha in that order.
This is only one of its many rules and exceptions.
Unsurprisingly, many people thought GR was too difficult to learn.
Nonetheless, it still has many supporters, and they would rather learn using GR than Pinyin.
While supporters of GR claim that it helps users of GR remember tones better than people who just use Pinyin, studies have not supported this claim.
As a matter of fact, one study showed that after one year, the subjects who learned Chinese using Pinyin could more accurately speak Mandarin with tones than those who learned using GR.
After the Communist Party took over China, it tried to replaced all romanizations of Chinese, including GR, with Pinyin.
While GR is not an official romanization in Taiwan, it can be seen in several places, including road signs, people's names, and the names of products, even though Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Taiwan.
Even though almost all romanizations in mainland China today are in Pinyin, there are still some exceptions.
For example, the name of the province Shaanxi is written in GR rather than in Pinyin, which would be Shǎnxī with tone markers, because there is already another province named Shanxi, which is written as Shānxī with tones.
If the Pinyin names were to be written without tone markers (which they often are in everyday Pinyin), they should both be spelled Shanxi.
Therefore they would be impossible to tell apart using just Pinyin without tones.
Therefore, an exception has been made in this case.
The Arch of Septimius Severus () is at the northwest end of the Roman Forum.
It is a white marble triumphal arch.
It was dedicated in  203 AD after the Parthian victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons.
Two campaigns were fought against the Parthians in 194/195 and 197–199 AD.
The sons were Caracalla and Geta.
After the death of Septimius Severus, his sons were initially joint emperors.
Caracalla had Geta assassinated in 212; Geta's memorials were destroyed.
All images or mentions of him were removed from public buildings and monuments.
So, Geta's image and inscriptions were removed from the arch (damnatio memoriae).
Columbia, District of
CBS Television Distribution/CBS Media Ventures is an American television distribution company founded in 2007 Now in January 2021.
It was formed from CBS Paramount Domestic Television and King World Productions CBS Television Distribution (CTD) is the former name of CBS Media Ventures, an American television distribution company, formed from the merger of CBS Corporation's two domestic television distribution arms CBS Paramount Domestic Television and King World Productions, including the home entertainment arm CBS Home Entertainment.
The division, the main distribution arm of CBS Paramount Network Television (now CBS Television Studios) and of the CBS television network, was formed on September 26, 2006, by CBS Corporation and was headed by Roger King, the CEO of King World until his death in 2007 CBS Media Ventures is an American television distribution company, formed from the merger of CBS Corporation's two domestic television distribution arms CBS Paramount Domestic Television and King World Productions, including the home entertainment arm CBS Home Entertainment.
The division, the main distribution arm of CBS Paramount Network Television (now CBS Television Studios) and of the CBS television network, was formed on September 26, 2006, by CBS Corporation and was headed by Roger King, the CEO of King World until his death in 2007 Comes TV Show Rachael Ray
The company handles distribution rights to acquired series, mini-series, and made-for-TV films from the Paramount Television libraries (such as those of Desilu Productions, Paramount Television, Viacom Productions and Enterprises, Republic Pictures Television, Big Ticket Entertainment, Spelling Television, and Worldvision Enterprises), and series, mini-series, and made-for-TV films from the CBS television libraries (such as those by CBS Productions, King World Productions, the majority of those by Group W Productions, and its own first-run broadcast syndication and off-network television series).
CBS also handles the TV rights to much of its own theatrical films.
The company formerly distributed the film libraries from Paramount Pictures and Republic Pictures, among others.
The company is also responsible for international television distribution rights to series by Rysher Entertainment including certain HBO series through its CBS Studios International division.
From 2006 to 2008, CTD distributed the DreamWorks Television and DreamWorks Pictures libraries in conjunction with Tribune Entertainment, after Viacom's acquisition of DreamWorks in February 2006, but before the studio was spun off.
These distribution rights are now held by Disney-ABC Domestic Television (for live-action TV series and post-9/2005 live-action films) and Trifecta Entertainment & Media (for earlier live-action films and all animated productions).
Until May 2009, CTD distributed the Paramount Pictures library on television.
By then, CBS also dropped the name "Paramount" from television for good, renaming CBS Paramount Television to CBS Television Studios.
Paramount has also joined up with Trifecta.
However, CTD continues to distribute films currently copyrighted by CBS (or a subdivision thereof), including those films from Cinema Center Films and CBS Theatrical Films, along with a few select entries to which CBS bought ancillary rights in later years, such as My Fair Lady.
The current moniker for CTD's overseas distribution arm is CBS Studios International (since 2009).
Its predecessors were CBS Broadcast International and CBS Paramount International Television.
Awk is a programming language usually used for data extraction—taking data (information) from sources.
Vladimir Alvino Guerrero (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed Vlad, Vlady and Vlad the Impaler, is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter.
He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–09), Texas Rangers (2010), and Baltimore Orioles (2011).
Guerrero is considered one of the greatest batters of all time, and is widely regarded as the best "bad ball" batter of all time (the ability to hit pitches outside of the strike zone).
He was well known for putting the ball into play, and particularly on the first pitch.
He had exceptional hands at the plate, and would bat without batting gloves.
Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average.
In the outfield, Guerrero was sometimes considered a defensive liability, prone to making errors, which resulted in him being a designated hitter in the last stage of his remarkable career, but he was also known to have a very powerful throwing arm that allowed him to make outfield assists on base runners.
Mawlawi Jalaluddin Haqqani (1939 – 3 September 2018) was an Afghan militant.
He was the leader of the Haqqani network, a fighting group in guerilla warfare against US-led NATO forces.
By 2004, he was directing pro-Taliban militants to launch a holy war in Afghanistan.
Within Pakistan, Jalaluddin had a relation with Pakistan but he did not act against the TTP.
He was the most experienced Islamist leader in the region.
Steve Coll, author of Ghost Wars, claims that Haqqani introduced suicide bombing in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region.
Paul Koech (25 June 1969 – 4 September 2018) was a Kenyan distance and marathon runner.
He was known for his competition at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1998 and finished in first place.
He was also a regular competitor in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships with several top-5 positions.
Marijan Beneš (; 11 June 1951 – 4 September 2018) was a Yugoslav-Bosnian boxer.
He was thought of as one of the best in Yugoslav history.
After an amateur career, he won the gold medal in European Amateur Boxing Championships in Belgrade, he turned professional in 1977, and won the European Boxing Union title in the light welterweight in 1979.
Beneš retired from the ring in 1983, after a severe eye injury.
Bosnia and Herzegovina sportspeople
Gloria Jean (April 14, 1926 – August 31, 2018) was an American actress and singer.
She starred or co-starred in 26 feature movies between 1939 and 1959.
Her best known roles were in The Under-Pup, Pardon My Rhythm, and Manhattan Angel.
Gloria Jean Sings: tribute website with clips
Mountain View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna.
The population was 3,924 at the 2010 census.
Anita Lindman (née Lamm; 14 May 1932 – 31 August 2018) was a Swedish television announcer and producer.
She was known for the children's program Anita och Televinken, which she both produced and announced for.
She was a daughter of Uno Lamm and Ingalill Beckman.
Anita Lindman at Swedish Film Database
Anita Lindman at LIBRIS
Anita Lindman at Svensk mediedatabas
John L. Gilbert III (born July 13, 1924) is an American television personality and actor.
He worked mainly on television game shows.
He was a nightclub singer and entertainer before becoming an announced for television game shows.