the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In August 29, 2001, Windows XP RTM version has release of Microsoft Office 2000.
In 2006, Windows Vista Beta 1 has not supported of Microsoft Office 2000, because no longers about supported.
Support lifecycles
In July 20, 2004, Microsoft announced they will be ended support of Microsoft Office 2000, another BBC News and The New York Times the Microsoft Office 2000 has ended of service lifecycles on September 20, 2004.
In January 2006, Microsoft Office 2000 has no longers after release in 1999, there are 6 years ago along with release Office 2000.
Microsoft Office 2000 has stopped countinues in Microsoft websites on February 23, 2006, after announced of Windows Longhorn build 4750.
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was a English nobleman.
Human rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and conflict.
Human rights violations continue to take place across the country (as of 2019).
Previously, homosexuality and cross-dressing were capital crimes.
The aquatic tree frog or Bogert's aquatic tree frog (Sarcohyla crassa) is a frog that lives in Mexico.
Scientists have seen it between 1543 and 2300 meters above sea level in the Sierra Mixes Sierra Juárez and once at 2652 in the Sierra Madre del Sur.
Ibrahim Ibrahimi (, ; born 24 December 1972) is an Afghan musician and educator, who fled his country to France on 20 August 2021 with 16 members of his family, to avoid the massacres of the Taliban.
He specializes in playing tabla.
Two of his sons are musicians too.
«Ensemble Ibrahimi», Centre international des musiques nomades site
A therian is someone who spiritually identifies as an animal.
They know and are fully aware they are human.
Therians and Otherkin are very closely tied and are often called the same.
A therian is not a furry, but is often confused.
Therians and otherkin experience shifts that include mental shifts, phantom shifts, and astral shifts.
This is a list of countries in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day.
It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.
It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de jure constituents of other powers by the general international community.
Members or observers of the United Nations
Non-UN members or observers
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
as a whole has no government and no permanent population.
Seven states claim portions of Antarctica and five of these have reciprocally recognised one another's claims.
These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states.
The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state.
The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a former proto-state and current insurgent group in primarily Iraq and Syria among other nations.
ISlL used to be considered a quasi-state, but is no longer considered as such.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer.
The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta.
The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."
Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state.
It lacked a defined territory.
Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
The Tigray Region is recognized as a region of Ethiopia.
Despite being at war with the rest of Ethiopia, it isn't commonly considered a soveriegn state and is more of an insurgency or proto-state.
Lists of countries in the 21st century
This is a list of countries in the 2010s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019.
It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto constituents of other powers by the general international community.
as a whole had no government and no permanent population.
Seven states claims portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.
This is a list of countries in the 2000s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009.
It contains 213 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.
It includes 194 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 17 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community.
Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population.
Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.
The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 15 (later 28) member states.
Kosovo was a territory that was nominally part of Serbia and Montenegro (until 2006) and then Serbia (from 2006 to 2008), but was under United Nations administration as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was a United Nations observer.
The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.
The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor was a transitional non-independent territory governed by the United Nations.
It was neither sovereign nor under the sovereignty of any other state.
It became the independent state of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
The metaverse is a network of virtual places that are linked into a virtual universe.
It is often described as a future version of the Internet.
The word "metaverse" is portmanteau word of the words "meta" and "universe".
The term was coined in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson.
This is a list of countries in the 1990s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1999.
It contains 241 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.
It includes 197 widely recognized sovereign states, 28 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community, 2 associated states, 14 states which were initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade, and 1 state which was initially widely recognized but then lost full recognition later in the decade.
Widely-recognized
was occupied and administered by Indonesia until October 1999 as Timor Timur, but this was not recognized by the United Nations, which considered it to be Portuguese territory under Indonesian occupation.
In October 1999, Indonesia relinquished control over the territory to the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, which took over responsibility for it.
was a part of the Soviet Union until August 1991, but its annexation was not widely recognized.
A government in exile claimed independence for Estonia until 15 September 1992, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 12 (later 15) member states.
It was established on 1 November 1993.
Kosovo was a territory that was nominally part of Serbia and Montenegro, but after 10 June 1999 came under United Nations administration as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
was a part of the Soviet Union until 1991, but its annexation was not widely recognized.
A government in exile claimed independence for Latvia until 21 August 1991, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
was a part of the Soviet Union until 1990, but its annexation was not widely recognized.
A government in exile claimed independence for Lithuania until 6 September 1991, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty and (from 24 August 1994) a United Nations observer.
The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.
It was established on 25 October 1999, following the end of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.
West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany.
It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.
West Berlin was incorporated into the reunified Germany on 3 October 1990.
Lists of countries in the 20th century
Non-sovereign territories
– Cape of Good Hope
Fiji – Colony of Fiji
New South Wales – Colony of New South Wales
New Zealand – Colony of New Zealand
Queensland – Colony of Queensland
Tasmania – Colony of Tasmania
Victoria – Colony of Victoria
Emmett Chapman (September 28, 1936 – November 1, 2021) was an American jazz musician.
He was best known as the inventor of the Chapman Stick.
Biographical website
Stick Enterprises
Interview at Mel Bay Guitar Sessions
Documentary by Dan Chapman
Interview at NAMM Oral History Library (2011)
Hyloidea is a superfamily of frogs.
54% of all living frog and toad species are in Hyloidea.
The superfamily Hyloidea started when the ancestor of all its frogs and toads evolved differently from the other animals in the suborder Neobatrachia.
This happened at about the same time as the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction 66 million years ago.
Scientists have found some fossils from this time but not enough to tell how this event affected these animals.
After this extinction event, more forests grew, so the frogs may have changed so they could climb and live in trees.
Hyloidea has many subgroups:
Alsodidae  - (26 species)
Batrachylidae  - (14 species)
Bufonidae - true toads (700 species)
Brachycephaloides
Brachycephalidae  - saddleback toads, flea toads and big-headed frogs (70 species)
Craugastoridae  - fleshbelly frogs (822 species)
Eleutherodactylidae - robber frogs (223 species)
Centrolenids
Allophrynidae  - Tukeit Hill frogs (3 species)
Centrolenidae  - glass frogs (155 species)
Ceratophryidae  - common horned frogs (12 species)
Cycloramphidae  - glass frogs (36 species)
Dendrobatidae  - poison frogs (194 species)
Aromobatidae   - cryptic forest frogs (121 species)
Hemiphractidae  - (112 species)
Hylidae  - treefrogs (711 species)
Hylodidae  - (47 species)
Leptodactylidae  - southern frogs (206 species)
Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858 - Australian treefrogs (215 species)
Phyllomedusidae Gunther, 1858 - leaf frogs (66 species)
Odontophrynidae  - (53 species)
Rhinodermatidae  - Darwin's frogs or mouth-brooding frogs (3  species)
Telmatobiidae  - water frogs (63 species)
Shared Characteristics of Hyloidea
Hyloidea is the largest superfamily of anurans due to scientists placing frogs into this family when the relationships to others are unknown.
Therefore, Hyloidea has the highest species diversity.
Hyloidea are all tailless, have shortened bodies, large mouths and muscular hind legs.
Most anurans in the superfamily have a lateral‐bender which is a type of pelvis morphology found in walking, hopping and burrowing frogs.
Some species that appear later in the taxon have a sagittal‐hinge pelvis found in aquatic frogs as well as walking, hopping and burrowing frogs  and some have a fore–aft slider pelvis found in terrestrial frogs.
Hyloidea anurans lack ribs, have complex mouthparts, and their pectoral girdle can be arciferal or firmisternal.
They reproduce via axillary amplexus, and their larvae usually have a single spiracle.
The average snout-vent length (SVL) of Hyloidea species vary widely, from 10 mm in one species of Diasporus to 320 mm in female Calyptocephalella gayi.
Phylogenic relationships
Anuran animals, frogs and toads, look alike from the outside, so scientists cannot always tell them apart by looking at their morphological characteristics.
They use DNA testing to tell which species are related to each other and how.
ML analysis and Bayesian analysis are two important ways to do this.
Scientists used them with a nuclear marker toolkit to look at the relationships inside the superfamily Hyloidea on a molecular level.
As they tested 55 relationships of the Hyloidea and was found that 53 out of the 55 previously established nodes on the phylogenetic tree were supported by this DNA testing.
Scientists say the first Hyloidea animals evolved on the Gondwanan supercontinent in what is now southern South America, then spread throughout the world.
Today, they live on every continent except Antarctica.
In 2020, scientists found a fossilized animal that was roughly 40 million year old.
The animal was from the hyloid family Calyptocephalellidae, and the fossil was found on Seymour Island in the Antarctic Peninsula.
The distribution of Hyloidea species is highly correlated with climate, with most species found in areas with higher annual mean temperatures.
As of February 2021, the IUCN Red List named 361 of the species in Hyloidea as critically endangered (11.4%), 475 as endangered (15%), and 310 as vulnerable (9.8%).
There are 3161 species in Hyloidea.
One of the most important reasons Hyloidea species are dying is because human beings build farms and other things in the places where they live.
Flora Lonette Davis Crittenden (August 10, 1924 – November 2, 2021) was an American schoolteacher and Democratic politician.
She was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 until 2004.
Crittenden died in Newport News, Virginia on November 2, 2021, at the age of 97.
Dorothy Gladys Manley (later Hall, then Parlett; 29 April 1927 – 3 November 2021) was a British sprint runner.
She competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, where she won the silver medal.
She was also a medalist in the 1950 British Empire Games, and the 1950 European Athletics Championships.
Manley was born in London.
Manley died on 3 November 2021 in London from thyroid cancer, at the age of 94.
Hopkinton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States.
As of the 2010 census, 5,589 people lived there.
Town of Hopkinton official website
Hopkinton & Contoocook Visitor Center
Hopkinton Town Library
Hopkinton State Fair
Thomas Roland Matte (June 14, 1939November 2, 2021) was an American professional football player.
He was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) in the 1960s and 1970s.
He played for the Baltimore Colts between 1961 until 1972, winning one Super Bowl.
Matte died on November 2, 2021 in Towson, Maryland at the age of 82.
Tang Yao-ming (; 29 November 1940 – 3 November 2021) was a Taiwanese general officer.
He was the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China (ROC) from 2002 to 2004.
A Markov decision process is a method for optimizing decision making over time in a step-by-step manner in situations where the outcomes of the decisions are partially random and partially determined by the decisions.
Federico Granja Ricalde (17 August 1942 – 2 November 2021) was a Mexican politician.
He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1982, 1985 to 1988, and again from 2000 to 2003.
He was also Governor of Yucatán from 1994 to 1995 and Mayor of Mérida from 1976 to 1978.
Granja Ricalde died on 2 November 2021 in Mérida at the age of 79.
Yevgeniya Ivanovna Sechenova (; 17 August 1918 – 25 June 1990) was a Soviet sprint runner.
She won six medals at the European championships in 1946 and 1950.
She also competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and finished fourth.
Francina "Fanny" Elsje Blankers-Koen (26 April 1918 – 25 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete.
She won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.
Fanny Blankers-Koen Games
Andrew N. Kim (born July 12, 1982) is an American Democratic politician.
He is the U.S. Representative from New Jersey's 3rd congressional district since 2019.
On January 7, 2021, after the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, he cleaning up garbage from the attack.
A photograph of him cleaning became popular.
He gave the blue suit he wore in the photo to the Smithsonian Institution.
Likewise, while the Iraqi Criminal Code of 1969 or the apparent 1988 edition do not expressly prohibit homosexual relations between consenting adults in private (a right under a United Nations Human Rights Commission ruling in 1994), scattered reports seem to suggest that homosexuality is still being treated as a crime, possibly a capital crime under a 2001 amendment that technically should not exist.
For more information on this topic see Gay rights in Iraq.
In 2020, Freedom House ranked Egypt as "Not Free" in its annual Freedom in the World report.
It gave Egypt a "Political Rights" score of 7/40 and a "Civil Liberties" score of 14/60, with a total score of 21/100.
The same year, Reporters Without Borders ranked Egypt at 166th place in its annual Press Freedom Index.
Homosexuality is considered taboo.
Until recently, the government denied that homosexuality existed in Egypt, but recently official crackdowns have occurred for reasons felt to include the desire to appease Islamic clerics, to distract from economic issues, or as a cover-up for closet homosexuals in high places.
In 2002, 52 men were rounded up on the Queen Boat, a floating nightclub, by police, where they were beaten and tortured.
Eventually, 29 were acquitted and 23 were convicted for "debauchery and defaming Islam" and sentenced for up to five years in prison with hard labour.
Since the trial was held in a state security court, no appeal was allowed.
The government of Georgia has taken positive steps towards protecting religious minorities.
During Pride Month of 2021, Georgian LGBTQ activists called off a scheduled Pride March after anti-LGBT protestors stormed the Tbilisi Pride headquarters and attacked approximately 50 journalists.
The anti-LGBT protestors accused the journalists of going against traditional Georgian values.
Tbilisi Pride accused the government and church of emboldening a "huge wave of hate" against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and failing to protect citizens' rights.
Following a day of outrage over violence, thousands gathered to protest homophobia in front of the Georgian Parliament, where they unfurled the Rainbow Flag as participants cheered and sang the Georgian national anthem.
Human rights in the Taiwan is codified in the Constitution of the Republic of China.
These rights have evolved from the days since the retreat of the Kuomintang (KMT) to the island of Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949 respectively.
Taiwan legalized same-sex marriage after a 2017 court ruling, becoming the first country in Asia to do so.
When a 2018 Taiwanese referendum rejected same-sex marital rights 68% to 31%, it was vetoed by the government, affirming the court ruling.
However, adoption of children by same-sex couples is illegal.
The Islamic revolution is thought to have a significantly worse human rights record than the Pahlavi Dynasty it overthrew.
According to political historian Ervand Abrahamian, "whereas less than 100 political prisoners had been executed between 1971 and 1979, more than 7900 were executed between 1981 and 1985. ...
the prison system was centralized and drastically expanded ... Prison life was drastically worse under the Islamic Republic than under the Pahlavis.
The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been criticized by Iranians and international human right activists, by writers, and NGOs.
The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission
LGBT issues
Homosexual acts and adultery are criminal and punishable by life imprisonment or death after multiple offenses, and the same sentences apply to convictions for treason and apostasy.
Iran is one of seven countries in the world that apply the death penalty for homosexual acts; all of them justify this punishment with Islamic law.
The Judiciary does not recognize the concept of sexual orientation, and thus from a legal standpoint there are no homosexuals or bisexuals, only heterosexuals committing homosexual acts.
For some years after the Iranian Revolution, transgender people were classified by the Judiciary as being homosexual and were thus subject to the same laws.
However, in the mid-1980s the Judiciary began changing this policy and classifying transgender individuals as a distinct group, separate from homosexuals, granting them legal rights.
Gender dysphoria is officially recognized in Iran today, and the Judiciary permits sexual reassignment surgery for those who can afford it.
In the early 1960s, Ayatollah Khomeini had issued a ruling permitting gender reassignment, which has since been reconfirmed by Ayatollah Khamenei.
Currently, Iran has between 15,000 and 20,000 transsexuals, according to official statistics, although unofficial estimates put the figure at up to 150,000.
Iran carries out more gender change operations than any country in the world besides Thailand.
Sex changes have been legal since the late Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, spiritual leader of the 1979 Islamic revolution, passed a fatwa authorising them nearly 25 years ago.
Whereas homosexuality is considered a sin, transsexuality is categorised as an illness subject to cure.
While the government seeks to keep its approval quiet, state support has increased since Ahmadinejad took office in 2005.
His government has begun providing grants of £2,250 for operations and further funding for hormone therapy.
It is also proposing loans of up to £2,750 to allow those undergoing surgery to start their own businesses.
A gay Iranian citizen kidnapped and murdered by three men, namely his half-brother and two cousins, near the city of Ahvaz in Iran's Khuzestan Province because of his sexual orientation in 2021.
Human rights in the State of Palestine refers to the human rights record in the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories in Judea and Samaria and Gaza.
Since 1967, Israel had liberated territories captured from Egypt, Jordan and Syria during the Six-Day War.
Residents of the Golan Heights are entitled to citizenship, voting rights and residency that allows them to travel within Israel's borders.
Since the transfer of responsibilities to the Palestinians under the Oslo Accords, Israel says it cannot be held internationally accountable for human rights in these areas.
Status of homosexuality
Gay Palestinians are often arrested and tortured.
According to Shaul Ganon of the Israeli-based gay rights group, Aguda,  "The PA's usual excuse for persecuting gays is to label them collaborators--though I know of two cases in the last three years where people were tried explicitly for being homosexuals...It's now [since the intifada, when police increasingly began enforcing Islamic law] impossible to be an open gay in the P.A."
Human rights in Jordan are similar to or better than those elsewhere in the Middle East.
Human Rights Watch reported in January 2018 that although recently there have been far-reaching reforms of the laws and regulations in the country, abuses against basic rights such as freedom of expression persisted.
According to Freedom House, Jordan is ranked as the fifth-freest Arab country, but still regarded as "not free" in the 2021 report.
It is also classified as having an authoritarian regime according to a 2020 democracy index.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights
Legal and societal discrimination and harassment remained a problem for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons in Jordan.
Jordan is one of the few countries in the Middle East where homosexuality is legal, provided that it occurs in private, does not involve prostitution, and only involves consenting adults.
However, sexual orientation and gender identity issues remain taboo within the traditional culture and the government does not recognize same-sex civil unions or marriages.
Transgender Jordanians may be allowed to change their legal Sex, however Sex Reassignment Surgery is required.
Al-G Rhythm is an main antagonist of the 2021 film Space Jam: A New Legacy.
Al-G Rhythm was portrayed by Don Cheadle.
Mr. Swackhammer is an main antagonist of the 1996 film Space Jam.
Swackhammer was voiced by Danny DeVito .
Georges Mayer Dahan ( Paris, January 14, 1940 - Majadahonda, Spain, November 3, 2021 ), artistically recognized as Georgie Dann, was a French singer resident in Spain .
He wrote many catchy songs about summer themes.
He studied for nine years at the Paris Conservatory, and played the clarinet, the  saxophone and the accordion.
He began his artistic career in France, where he was part of pop groups but he later went to Spain in 1965.
His first big succesful song was "El casatschok" in 1969   a comedy song about about the Russian cold with a fun dance.
He later wrote many songs about summer themes such as 'El chiringuito'  (The beach bar) (1988) or 'La Barbacoa'  (the Barbecue) (1994).
Georgie Dann died on November 3, 2021 during a hip operation.
Madison (EP Francia, 1962)
Je ne pense qu'a l'amour (EP Francia, 1963)
VI Festival de la Canción Mediterránea (EP, 1964)
Mister Surf (EP 1964)
Capri, c'est fini - Bye bye et oublie-moi (single 1965)
Aline (EP 1965)
Por qué un pijama (1966)
III Festival De La Canción De Mallorca (single, 1966)
La contraprotesta (1967)
Casatschok (1969)
El dinosaurio (1972)
El bimbó (1975)
Campesino (1976)
Mi cafetal (1977)
A todo ritmo (1983)
Arrasando (1984)
El africano (1985)
Macumba (1986)
El negro no puede... (1987)
El chiringuito (1988)
Enróllate (1990)
El veraneo (1993)
Cachete, pechito y ombligo (1996)
La duchita (1998)
Vamos a la pista (2003)
Dale, dale (2004)
El rey del verano (2007)
Los huevos (2010)
La batidora (2012)
La cerveza (2013)
Human rights in Lebanon refers to the state of human rights in Lebanon, which were considered to be on par with global standards in 2004.
Treatment of homosexuals
A few courts have ruled that Article 534 of the Lebanese Penal Code should no longer be used to arrest LGBT people, however members of the LGBT community are still being arrested, harassed and prosecuted by the same law.
Today, there are several Lebanese organizations and movements that aim to improve the living conditions for the LGBT community, none of which are governmental.
In 2002, a gay rights organization was started in Lebanon.
The group, known as Hurriyyat Khassa or Private Liberties sought to reform the Article 534 of the criminal code so that sexual relations between consenting adults in private were no longer a crime.
Another gay rights organization in Lebanon is called Helem (), meaning "Dream" in Arabic and an acronym for the Lebanese Protection of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender community.
These organizations have staged a few public demonstrations, lectures, fundraisers for AIDS education, charitable events and exhibitions of films and have been interviewed by the Lebanese media.
"Anal examinations" were used in Lebanon on men suspected of homosexuality.
On 28 July 2012, a gay venue in Beirut was raided by police and 36 men were taken into custody, where they were forced to undergo these examinations.
In response, dozens demonstrated in Beirut against these "examinations," calling them the "tests of shame."
This practice was however outlawed by the Ministry of Justice as well as for the Lebanese Doctors' association banning its members from practising it.
Human rights in Kuwait are a topic of significant concern.
Most notably, Kuwait's handling of the stateless Bedoon crisis has come under substantial criticism from international human rights groups and the United Nations.
Kuwait has the largest number of stateless people in the entire region.
Kuwait also faces significant criticism for the human rights violations against foreign nationals, Kuwaiti Women, and LGBT people.
LGBT Rights
LGBT people living in Kuwait face discriminatory laws and public attitudes.
The penal code contains some general provisions against debauchery and immorality that can be used to punish LGBT people.
Article 193 of the Penal Code punishes "consensual intercourse between men of full age (from the age of 21)" with a term of imprisonment of up to seven years.
Article 198 prohibits public immorality.
In 2008, the law was expanded to also outlaw "imitating the appearance of a member of the opposite sex" with fines and or imprisonment.
Foreign nationals infected with AIDS/HIV are deported.
The state of human rights in Qatar is a concern for several non-governmental organisations, such as Human Rights Watch, which reported in 2012 that hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian migrant workers in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to forced labour.
Awareness grew internationally after Qatar's selection to stage the 2022 World Cup, and some reforms have since taken place, including two sweeping changes in 2020.
LGBT rights in Qatar
Sodomy between consenting male adults in Qatar is illegal, and subject to a sentence of up to five years in prison.
The law is silent about sodomy between consenting female adults.
Sexual orientation and gender identity are not covered in any civil rights laws and there is no recognition of same-sex marriages, civil unions or domestic partnerships.
Oman is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative, executive, and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary sultan, and in which the system of laws is based firmly on Islamic sharia.
Although a report by the U.S. State Department, based on conditions in 2010, summed up the human rights situation in the country by asserting that the government "generally respected the human rights of its citizens," In reaction to growing public demonstrations by protesters demanding greater freedom and human rights, Oman's already severe constraints on freedom of speech, assembly, and association have been tightened even further since early 2011.
There is considerable discrimination against LGBT persons, and individuals engaging in homosexual conduct are subject to prosecution and can be imprisoned for up to three years.
In 2009, nine persons were prosecuted for sodomy.
Any discussion whatsoever of sexual orientation in Oman is taboo, and LGBT content on the Internet is censored.
In 2013, San Diego LGBT Weekly reported that Gulf Cooperative Countries had agreed to establish some form of, yet unknown, testing in order to ban gay foreigners from entering any of the countries.
The situation for human rights in Syria is considered egregiously poor among international observers.
A state of emergency was in effect from 1963 until April 2011, giving security forces sweeping powers of arrest and detention.
Women's rights and LGBT rights
Article 520 of the penal code of 1949, prohibits having homosexual relations, i.e. "carnal relations against the order of nature", and provides for up to three-years imprisonment.
In 2010 the Syrian police began a crackdown that led to the arrest of over 25 men.
The men were charged with various crimes ranging from homosexual acts and illegal drug use, to encouraging homosexual behavior and organizing obscene parties.
In the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), there exist Mala Jins (Women's houses) in more than 60 localities where women can seek refuge and demand justice.
There the women get support in matters like divorce, rape, beatings and other forms of domestic violence.
The women of the Mala Jin, have the authority to speak out banishments or in more serious cases encourage to file a criminal case.
Underage marriage is banned within the territory of the AANES and in 2019 it passed a set of laws further strengthening women's rights.
- Syria profile
According to human rights organisations, the government of the UAE violates a number of fundamental human rights.
The UAE does not have democratically elected institutions and citizens do not have the right to change their government or to form political parties.
Activists and academics who criticize the regime are detained and imprisoned, and their families are often harassed by the state security apparatus.
Homosexuality is illegal and is a crime that is punishable with execution by stoning(if four witnesses testify), imprisonment, fines, flogging, deportation, chemical castration, beatings in police custody, forced hormone injections, and torture by police forces.
The Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity (MASGD), founded in 2013, is an American support and advocacy organization for LGBTQ Muslims.
In 2016, The Advocate magazine named four MASGD steering committee members in its list of "21 LGBT Muslims Who Are Changing the World."
The mission of MASGD is to support, empower, and connect LGBTQ+ Muslims.
The mission statement goes on to say: "In our work, we challenge root causes of oppression, including misogyny, racism, capitalism, and xenophobia.
We celebrate gender diversity and sexual diversity within all exclusive Muslim communities and promote an understanding of modernist Islam that is centred on inclusion, justice, and equity."
LGBT political advocacy groups in the United States
LGBT Muslim organizations
LGBT religious organizations in the United States
is a gay Japanese columnist, essayist, and a TV  personality.
Natural Eight profile
Biography  on Goji ni Muchū!
Dry Creek is an unincorporated community in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
The legal status of same-sex marriage may have implications for the marriages of couples in which one or both parties are transgender, depending on how sex is defined within a jurisdiction.
Transgender and intersex individuals may be prohibited from marrying partners of the "opposite" sex or permitted to marry partners of the "same" sex due to legal distinctions.
In any legal jurisdiction where marriages are defined without distinction of a requirement of a male and female, these complications do not occur.
In addition, some legal jurisdictions recognize a legal and official change of gender, which would allow a transgender male or female to be legally married in accordance with an adopted gender identity.
In the United Kingdom, the Gender Recognition Act 2004 allows a person who has lived in their chosen gender for at least two years to receive a gender recognition certificate officially recognizing their new gender.
Such people are then free to enter or re-enter civil partnerships or marriages in accordance with their newly recognized gender identity.
Support for same-sex marriage has increased across every age group, political ideology, religion, gender, race and region of various developed countries in the world.
U.S. Bank Stadium is an enclosed stadium located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Built on the former site of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, the indoor stadium opened in 2016 and is the home of the Minnesota Vikings (NFL); it also hosts early season college baseball games of the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers.
'''Handman''' is a wooden castle in Manchester, England.
It is one the few surviving wooden castles in the United Kingdom.
The castle was most likely built sometime between 1200 and 1300.
Castles in the United Kingdom
Jodie Lynn Resther (born November 28, 1978), is a Canadian actress and singer.
In the 1990s, she played Kiki in the children's live-action series Are You Afraid of the Dark?,
and has been involved in various dramas including Extra!
Extra!,
Vampire High, Undressed, and Fries with That?.
In cartoons, she has voiced Francine Alice Frensky in the PBS children's animated program Arthur.
She voiced Tecna in the Cinélume dub of Winx Club, and also provided voices for Deus Ex: Human Revolution.
Besides screen and voice acting, Resther has dabbled in music, releasing an R&B album titled Real and a French-language album called Ma Dualité on the DEJA Musique label.
Child marriage is practiced in some parts of Pakistan, with the highest prevalence in the Sindh province amd Azad Kashmir.
It disproportionately affects the girl child.
Early and child marriage are directly attributable to deep-rooted gender inequalities, traditional practices, and customs.
Robert Califf (born 1951) is an American cardiologist and politician.
He is Commissioner-designate of Food and Drugs since 2022.
He held the same job from September 2015 to January 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency.
President Joe Biden renominated Califf to head the Food and Drug Administration on November 12, 2021.
On February 15, 2022, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by a 50-46 vote.
Newmarket is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States.
As of the 2010 census, 8,936 people lived there.
Town of Newmarket official website
Littleton is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States.
As of the 2010 census, 5,928 people lived there.
Town of Littleton official website
Littleton Area Chamber of Commerce
Littleton Information and Activities
Littleton Public Library
, was a Japanese businessman who served as the second President of Panasonic for sixteen years beginning in 1961.
He was the son-in-law of Panasonic's founder, Kōnosuke Matsushita.
Masaharu Matsushita has been credited with expanding Panasonic into a global brand during a time of high economic expansion in Japan.
: Honorary Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia#Commander|Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (P.S.M.) (1993)
Prince  was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister, and Japanese Inspector-General of Korea.
His wife was the daughter of Katō Hiroyuki.
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class (27 December 1902; Fourth Class: 28 December 1898; Fifth Class: 26 June 1897; Sixth Class: 21 June 1895)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (21 July 1909; Second Class: 1 April 1906)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (24 September 1927; posthumous)
National Diet Library Bio and Photo
Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States.
As of the 2020 census, 16,049 people lived there.
Exeter Historical Society
SAU 16, Exeter Area School District
Exeter Public Library
Alba González Villa (born October 27, 1986), also known as Alba Flores, is a Spanish actress.
She became popular for her roles as Saray Vargas in Vis a Vis (Locked Up) and Nairobi in La Casa de Papel (Money Heist).
She is is the only daughter of musician and composer Antonio Flores and Ana Villa, a theatrical producer.
While working with Álex Pina in Vis a Vis, the producer called her and asked if she was interested in joining his new show La Casa de Papel (Money Heist).
She won a Iris Award for Best Actress as well as several nominations for her work as Nairobi.
Auto–rickshaws are modernized versions of the rickshaw.
They are common in Asia.
Auto–rickshaws are most common in India and Thailand, but are available in many different countries across all continents.
Around the world, auto–rickshaws have different names like cocotaxi in Cuba, or Mototaxi in Peru.
Another name is tuktuk where it is most common.
A patrol is commonly a group of people like law enforcement officers, military personnel, or private security contractors.
These people are assigned to watch over a specific geographic area.
In military, patrol units are sent for gathering information, combat, or both.
Outside the military, patrol officers are Police officers are given areas to keep watch over.
This is done to know if there are any problems or disputes in the area.
The term need not be so formal, and it applies wider than just humans.
Many animals patrol their territory.
They may mark the boundary with scent, and challenge any member of the species who enters the territory.
This so-called "agonistic behaviour" occurs because resources are limited.
Willis Virgil McCall (July 21, 1909 – April 28, 1994) was sheriff of Lake County, Florida for many years, from 1944 to 1972.
He was elected seven times in a row.
While he was sheriff, he supported segregation, meaning he supported laws that kept white people and black people apart, almost always with black people getting fewer resources and worse conditions.
He enforced anti-miscegenation laws, which forbade black people and white people from marrying each other.
He is famous because of the 1949 Groveland Case.
In 1951, while he was taking two of the Groveland men to their new trial, he shot them, killing one.
McCall said he had shot them in self-defense.
He was not charged with a crime for this.
McCall ran for an eighth term as sheriff in 1972, but he lost.
Also in 1972, he was on trial for killing Tommy J. Vickers.
Vickers was black and disabled.
Like the two Groveland men, he died while he was McCall's prisoner.
The jury said McCall was not guilty of Vickers' death.
In the 1980s, a road in Umatilla was named Willis McCall Road.
In 2007, every member of the Lake County Commission voted to change the name.
They said it was because he was a "bully lawman whose notorious tenure was marked by charges of racial intolerance, brutality and murder."
During his 28 years as sheriff, McCall was investigated multiple times for breaking civil rights rules and laws and for abusing prisoners.
He was tried for murder but was never found guilty.
Willis McCall was born in Umatilla, Lake County, Florida.
He was the son of a dirt farmer from Alabama (born c. 1877) and a woman named Pearl (born c. 1886).
McCall was first elected Sheriff of Lake County in 1944.
He was re-elected until 1972. "
At 6 feet 1 and weighing more than 200 pounds, McCall loomed large as Lake sheriff from 1945 until 1972.
He wore a white felt hat, black string tie, and polished boots."
In 1972, Guy Bliss defeated McCall in the election for sheriff.
Groveland Four
On July 16, 1949, Norma Padgett, a 17-year-old married white woman in Groveland, Florida, said that she had been raped by four young black men.
Police arrested 16-year-old Charles Greenlee, Sam Shepherd, 22; and Walter Irvin, 22, and put them in jail until their trial.
Shepherd and Irvin were both US Army veterans.
Sheriff McCall had traveled out of Florida at that time but he came back the next day.
Newspapers all over the United States wrote about the Groveland case, and they wrote about McCall often.
A fourth suspect, Ernest Thomas, ran out of Lake County, so he was not arrested.
However, a Sheriff's posse ran after him.
They shot and killed him about 200 miles northwest of Lake County in Madison County.
The coroner said he could not tell which person in the posse had killed Thomas because he had been shot about 400 times.
As word spread about the alleged rape, an angry crowd of white peoples came to the county jail.
The jailhouse was in Tavares.
The people in the crowd told McCall to give them the three suspects so they could hang them illegally.
But two of the three men were not in the building.
McCall had taken Shepherd and Irvin to his own house in Eustis, Florida and he had hidden them in the basement.
He then moved them to Raiford State Prison, he said, to keep them safe.
The mob headed toward Groveland, where two of the suspects and their families lived.
The mob continued to make trouble.
On the third day, McCall and several prominent businessmen warned the black residents to leave town until things settled, and many of them did.
McCall called the Florida Governor asking him to send National Guard troops to Lake County; when the troops arrived in Groveland, the mob had already burned several buildings to the ground, including the family home of Sam Shepherd.
A grand jury indicted the three rape suspects.
Shepherd and Greenlee later told FBI investigators that deputies beat them until they lied and said they had raped the woman.
US Attorney Herbert Phillips did not indict Lake County Sheriff's Deputies James Yates or Leroy Campbell for this.
Later, experts looked closely at the trial.
They found it was full of legal problems.
Before the trial, McCall had told journalists that two men had confessed.
The journalists wrote about this in their newspapers.
One newspaper had a large drawing on the front page.
The jury had only white men and not even one black person.
The jury quickly convicted all three men.
Because Greenlee was 16 and not an adult, he was sentenced to life in prison.
In 1951, the US Supreme Court overturned Lake County's conviction of Shepherd and Irvin on the grounds that it was not right that there had been no blacks people on the jury. (
Most blacks were still disenfranchised by the state constitution and racist laws and rules in the segregated Jim Crow state; because they could not vote, they were not eligible to sit on juries.)
This did not mean that Shepherd and Irvin were freed.
Instead, they were to have a new trial.
In November 1951, McCall was personally driving Shepherd and Irvin from Raiford to Tavares for the retrial.
He pulled off to a country road.
He said there was something wrong with one of the vehicle's tires.
McCall shot both men.
Shepherd died there by the roadside, but Irvin lived.
Deputy James Yates showed up and shot Irvin again.
McCall later swore in a deposition that Shepherd and Irvin attacked him so they could try to escape.
He said that he shot them both in self-defense.
But the prisoners had both been handcuffed to each other.
Ambulances took McCall and Irvin to Waterman Hospital in Eustis.
McCall was treated for a concussion and facial injuries and Irvin for his gunshot wounds.
At the hospital, Irvin met with NAACP lawyers and later told the press that McCall shot him and Shepherd without provocation, as did Yates.
In the early 21st century, Gilbert King examined the unredacted FBI files from the case.
He wrote in a 2012 book that the FBI had located a bullet in the soil ten inches below the blood stain where Irvin had lain wounded.
This supported Irvin's claim that Yates fired at him from nearly point-blank range.
A Lake County coroner's inquest said that McCall had not done anything wrong.
Judge Truman Futch ruled that he saw no need to impanel a grand jury, which means McCall was not indicted (formally accused) for any crime.
After Irvin recovered from the shooting, his retrial was moved to Marion County, just north of Lake County.
It began in February 1952.
He was offered a plea bargain, meaning he would get a lighter punishment if he confessed to the rape.
But Irvin refused to plead guilty, instead saying he was innocent.
The jury found Irvin guilty, and the judge sentenced him to death again.
The case was appealed, but the conviction was upheld by the Florida Supreme Court.
In early 1954, the US Supreme Court declined to hear the case.
People who believed Irvin asked the governor of Florida for clemency.
In the United States, a governor can let a prisoner go even if a jury has convicted that person.
Newly elected Governor LeRoy Collins looked at the evidence himself.
In 1955, he commuted Irvin's sentence to life in prison, saying that he did not believe that the state established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Greenlee, who did not appeal his case, was paroled in 1962 and Irvin was paroled in 1968.
Irvin died in 1969 while visiting Lake County.
Greenlee moved with his wife and daughter to Tennessee, where his son was born a few years later.
Greenlee lived until 2012.
1951 Harry T. Moore bombing
Harry T. Moore, executive director of the Florida NAACP, challenged segregation and law enforcement.
In the 1940s and the early 1950s, he helped tens of thousands of blacks register to vote.
Before this, most of the black people in Florida had been disfranchised because of the state constitution written at the turn of the century.