the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
In fact, he had been a cognitive psychologist his entire life, well before the "mythical birthday of the cognitive revolution in psychology".
Pressey was the first winner of the E.L. Thorndike Award for achievements in educational technology, in 1964.
This is an award of the American Psychological Association.
Early readability formula
In 1923, Pressey and a co-worker published the first reading ease formula.
Their formula, based on the Thorndike word list, took three hours to apply to a single book.
It was a measure of vocabulary difficulty.
Many later formulae made use of some measure of sentence complexity as well as vocabulary.
These are the two main causes of text difficulty or 'readability'.
The 'teaching machine'
Pressey's idea started as a machine for administering multiple-choice questions to students.
These were (and are still) a basic method for testing students in the U.S.A.. The machine had a window with a question and four answers.
The student pressed the key  to the chosen answer.
The machine recorded the answer on a counter to the back of the machine, and showed the next question.
The great idea was to fix the machine so that it would not move on until the student chose the right answer.
Then it was easy to show that the second arrangement taught the students what were the right answers.
This was the first demonstration that a machine could teach, and also a demonstration that knowledge of results was the cause of the learning.
A number of reviews credit Pressey with being the founder of programmed learning and teaching machines, long before the better known efforts of B.F. Skinner.
Skinner was, however, responsible for bringing the whole subject into popular view, and his critique of the limitations of traditional classroom teaching is a classic work.
Pressey S.L. & Pressey L.C. 1923.
Introduction to the use of standard tests.
Harrap.
Pressey S.L. & Pressey L.C. 1927.
Mental abnormality and deficiency.
Pressey S.L. 1933.
Psychology and the new education.
Pressey S.L. & Robinson F.P. 1944.
Revised edition, Harper.
Pressey S.L. & Janney J.E. 1937.
Casebook of research in education.
Pressey S.L; Janney J.E. & Kuhlen R.G. 1939.
Life: a psychological survey.
Pressey S.L. & Kuhlen R.G. 1957.
Psychological development through the life span.
Harper & Row..
Pressey S.L; Robinson F.P & Horrocks J.E. 1959.
Pressey, Sidney L. 1967.
In A history of psychology in autobiography, vol 5.
eds Edward G. Boring and Gardner Lindzey.
Pressey, Sidney L. 1971.
Sidney Leavitt Pressey, Part I: An autobiography.
In Leaders in American education, ed.
Robert J. Havighurst.
Polar climate has temperatures below  for much of the year.
According to the Köppen climate classification, a polar climate is one in which no monthly average goes above .
If the temperature is between  and  in the warmest month, it is a tundra climate.
If the average temperature is below  in the warmest month, it is an ice cap climate.
These climates are found near the poles and on high mountains.
There is usually little precipitation because the air is so dry.
Ice cap climates are in the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, Antarctica and at high altitude.
Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices.
They presented educational materials and taught students.
They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey.
His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions.
When the machine was set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer, tests showed that learning had taken place.
Much later, Norman Crowder developed the Pressey idea much further.
Edward L. Thorndike in 1912: "If, by a miracle of mechanical ingenuity, a book could be so arranged that only to him who had done what was directed on page one would page two become visible, and so on, much that now requires personal instruction could be managed by print".
Pressey in 1932: "Education was the one major activity in this country which has thus far not systematically applied ingenuity to the solution of its problems". (
p. 668).
He thought the machine he developed would lead to an "industrial revolution in education" (p. 672).
Luke Paul Hoare Shaw (born 12 July 1995) is an English professional footballer.
He plays as a defender for Manchester United and the England national team.
Shaw primarily plays as a left back.
PFA Premier League Team of the Year: 2013–14
Konstantinos "Kostis" Stephanopoulos (, August 15, 1926 – November 20, 2016) was a Greek conservative politician.
He served as President of Greece from 1995 to 2005.
He was the longest serving president of the Third Hellenic Republic.
Biography from Athens News Agency
Ray Lonnen (18 May 1940 – 11 July 2014) was an English stage and television actor.
His most famous roles include Willie Caine in the cold-war spy drama series The Sandbaggers (1978–80) and also as Harry Brown in the television miniseries Harry's Game (1982).
"The Sandbaggers" OpsRoom.org; accessed 12 July 2014.
Nestor Basterretxea Arzadun (6 May 1924 – 12 July 2014) was a Basque-Spanish artist.
He was born in Bermeo, Biscay.
In the 1950s and 60s, he worked along with other artists such as Jorge Oteiza, Remigio Mendiburu, and Eduardo Chillida.
In the 1980s Basterretxea was the Culture Councillor for the Basque Government for two years.
Towards the end of that decade, he created two of his best known works: La Paloma de Paz (Peace Dove).
It was installed in la Zurriola, Donostia (San Sebastian) and later on moved to a roundabout outside the Anoeta Stadium of the same city.
In 1989, he created the Monument to the Basque Shepherd.
It was installed in Reno, Atlanta.
Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya (; 17 May 1950 – 12 July 2014) was a liberal  Russian politician and Soviet dissident.
She was the founder and the chairwoman of the "Democratic Union" party and a member of the editorial board of the news magazine The New Times.
Novodvorskaya was a fierce critic of the president Vladimir Putin and his regime.
Website of Democratic Union
Opinions on grani.ru (Russian)
«It can very soon come to pogroms», interview with Novodvorskaya, Jewish Observer, 21/40.
November 2002
CyanogenMod is an operating system for many smartphones and tablet computers.
It is based on the Android operating system.
This means all of Android's programs (called "apps") can be used with CyanogenMod.
Because it is Open sourced it can be changed.
It provides more options for a smartphone or tablet computer than with normal Android.
But CyanogenMod is more difficult to set up than other similar operating systems.
This is why most of CyanogenMod's users know more about Android than the normal Android user.
CyanogenMod can be installed from this link .
Also, some phones, such as the OnePlus One, come with CyanogenMod as its default OS.
CyanogenMod's official website
OnePlus, maker of a CyanogenMod phone
Slugterra: Return of the Elementals is a 2014 Canadian animated movie produced by Nerd Crops Entertainment Inc. and distributed by Disney XD Canada, Screen Vision, Shout Factory, and Cineplex.
The movie was released in theaters on August 2, 2014 in the United States.
Junjie (Previously the Dark Slinger from Slugterra: Ghoul from Beyond) joins the Shane Gang.
They must stop an evil alliance led by the Goon Doc from Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond from finding the four ancient elemental slugs—earth, air, fire, and water—which Goon Doc could use to destroy the 99 caverns.
Samuel Vincent as Eli Shane/Will Shane
Andrew Francis as Kord Zane/Shadow Clan
Lee Tokar as Pronto Germiole
Shannon Chan-Kent as Trixie Sting
Vincent Tong as Junjie
Brian Dubson as Goon
Mark Oliver as Blakk
Eileen Ford (née Otte; March 25, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an American model agency executive and co-founder.
She founded the Ford Modeling Agency (now called Ford Models) in 1946.
Ford was born in New York City.
She died in Morristown, New Jersey at age ninety-two.
Eileen Cecile Otte was born in Manhattan and raised in suburban Great Neck, Long Island, the only daughter of four children of Loretta Marie (née Laine) and Nathaniel Otte.
Eileen had been a model during the summers of her freshman and sophomore years at Barnard College, modeling for the Harry Conover Modeling Agency, one of the first in the United States.
She graduated from Barnard in 1943.
Ford Modeling Agency
Although the Fords' location was terrible, within a year, the modeling agency was the second or third most successful in the United States, grossing $250,000.
The Fords' first superstar model was Jean Patchett.
The Fords had the capital to instil the voucher system, something that other modelling agencies were not affluent enough to offer.
Dorian Leigh described Eileen as "one of the hardest working, most persistent persons I have ever known, two qualities which made her my very good friend for years and later, my unanticipated enemy".
After two years, the Fords began to seriously compete with the Huntington Hartford modeling agency and the John Robert Powers agencies, the two most successful modeling agencies at the time.
Leigh, meanwhile, closed her modeling agency when she was pregnant with her third child in 1948.
Leigh called Eileen and told them that her 15-years younger sister, Suzy Parker, was making only $25 per hour working as a model for Huntington Hartford.
They soon realized, however, that Parker had the possibility of becoming quite a successful model.
Soon thereafter, Parker would become the most successful model of the 1950s, helping push the Ford's agency to number one.
In the 1940s and 1950s, the Fords represented top models Mary Jane Russell, Carmen Dell'Orefice, and Dovima.
In 1995, Katie Ford took over her parents' agency after their retirement.
The 50th anniversary of the agency was highlighted in several articles including the July–August 1996 issue of American Photo magazine and in January–February 1997's Top Model magazine ("Ford at 50!").
She was CEO from 1995 to 2007.
In December 2007, Ford was sold to Stone Tower Equity Partners.
John Caplan took over as CEO while Katie Ford was on the Board of Directors.
Jerry Ford died at the age 83 on August 24, 2008.
He was survived by his wife, four children, eight grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.
John Michael Montgomery is the third studio album by John Michael Montgomery.
The album was released on March 28, 1995.
RoboCop 2 is a 1990 American science fiction action movie.
It was directed by Irvin Kershner and once again starred Peter Weller, Nancy Allen and Dan O'Herlihy.
It is a sequel to the 1987 movie RoboCop.
The movie is set in the near future in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan.
A sequel to this movie, RoboCop 3, was released in 1993.
A remake of the 1987 movie was released in February 2014.
RoboCop 3 is a 1993 American science fiction film action movie.
It is the third movie in the RoboCop franchise and was directed by Fred Dekker.
It's a sequel to RoboCop and RoboCop 2.
Robert John Bruke replaces Peter Weller as the cyborg RoboCop.
Nancy Allen starrs as his colleague for the third and last time.
It is set in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan in the near future.
A remake of the first film of the same name released in February 2014.
The film picks off where the second film left off.
A Prairie Home Companion is a live radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor.
The show runs on Saturdays from 5 to 7 pm Central Time.
It is usually broadcast from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
The program is also taken on the road.
A Prairie Home Companion is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians.
It is also known for its tongue-in-cheek humor and Keillor's storytelling segment, "News from Lake Wobegon".
A Prairie Home Companion started as a morning show, running from 6 to 9 am on Minnesota Public Radio.
The first program aired on 6 July 1974 before an audience of 12 people.
The idea for the name came from a cemetery in Moorhead, Minnesota called the Prairie Home.
It was located across the street from the radio station.
In April 1974, Keillor traveled to Nashville.
This was the last broadcast of the Grand Ole Opry from the old Ryman Auditorium and Keillor was doing a story for The New Yorker Magazine.
He decided to host a variety show based on that format on the radio.
On July 6, 1974, the first live broadcast of A Prairie Home Companion took place.
In 1978, the show moved into the World Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
In 1987, he decided to move to Denmark with his new wife.
In 1989 he began a new show "The American Radio Company of the Air."
The format was the same, but the program was geared to the New York audience.
But after four seasons he moved back to Minnesota and brought back the Prairie Home Companion.
In 1985, the program was taped for audiences in Australia and Sweden.
In 1990 digital tapes were rebroadcast in Tiwan.
By 1995 the program was rebroadcast in numerous countries via satellite.
Music is a main feature of the program.
It includes many different kinds of music, including country, bluegrass, blues, and gospel.
The program also has guest performers from a wide variety of other styles of music, including classical, opera and music from a number of different countries.
News from Lake Wobegon
One of the show's best-known features is Keillor's "News from Lake Wobegon".
This is a weekly storytelling monologue, claiming to be a report from Keillor's fictitious hometown of Lake Wobegon.
The segment always begins with "It's been a quiet week in Lake Woebegone, my hometown."
It almost always ends with "And that's the news from Lake Wobegon, where all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking, and all the children are above average."
Because the program is aired on public broadcasting radio, they are not allowed to have real advertisements.
Instead, the show produces fictional advertisements for fictional products.
The ads are performed in the style of live old-time radio commercials.
The show is "sponsored" by fictitious products including "Powdermilk Biscuits", "Cafe Boeuf" and the "American Duct Tape Council".
A Prairie Home Companion, American Public Media
A Prairie Home Companion, SoundCloud
Kochas is a town in the Rohtas District, Bihar, India.
At the 2001 census, 119,576 people lived there.
Many of the people are associated with defence jobs.
Many people in Kochas are dependent on agriculture and agricultural products.
Sometimes lack of rain creates problems for farmers.
The closest railway station to Kochas is in Sasaram,  away.
There are three other railway stations in the area.
Kochas has everything needed to live a middle class life.
Kochas is famous for 1) Kanslilla .
2)sweets of Bhikharishah.
The Battle of Monocacy was one of the most important battles of the American Civil War.
It was fought near Frederick, Maryland on July 9, 1864.
A Confederate army commanded by Jubal Early was marching eastward towards Washington, D.C., to capture the city.
A small Union army commanded by Lew Wallace fought the Confederates along the Monocacy River.
The battle took most of the day to fight.
The Confederates finally made Wallace's force retreat about 4:30 p.m. However, the delay kept the Confederates from reaching Washington until General Grant's soldiers reached the city.
The Battle of Monocacy is sometimes called "the battle that saved Washington".
Battlefield Preservation
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 445 acres of the battlefield.
some of which is now part of the park.
Historians mark the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Monocacy
The Battle of Monocacy; Early's Maryland Campaign
Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada.
It is on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut.
It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean.
It is only 769 kilometers (478 miles) from the North Pole.
The islands form a 200 mile (320 km) long stretch.
The islands are narrow.
The islands are supported by tourism.
The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and the Pamlico Sound is to the west.
In the 1580s, the Lost Colony was built on the Outer Banks.
The Wright Brothers's first flight happened on the Outer Banks in 1903.
Jan Nolten (20 January 1930 – 13 July 2014) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer.
Nolten rode in five Tours de France, and won two stages.
Winner stage 8
Official Tour de France results for Jan Nolten
Dutch cyclists
People from Sittard-Geleen
Maazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
His father, Lincoln Maazel, was also a conductor.
In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.
He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO) Berlin from 1964 to 1975.
Musicians from Ile-de-France
Emil Bobu (22 February 1927 – 12 July 2014) was a Romanian Communist activist and politician.
He was Interior Minister from 1973 to 1975.
He was Labor Minister from 1979 to 1981.
He was an influential figure in the later years of the Communist regime until his downfall during the 1989 Revolution.
Carin Mannheimer (Karin Birgitta Mannheimer; Jacobson 17 August 1934 – 11 July 2014) was a Swedish dramatist, screenwriter, author and film director.
Mannheimer was known for her book Rapport om kvinnor ('Report on Women') (1969).
David "Dave" Legeno (12 October 1963 – 6 July 2014) was an English actor, boxer, and mixed martial artist.
He was best known for his role as the werewolf Fenrir Greyback in three Harry Potter movies; Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011).
He also had roles in Batman Begins (2005), Stormbreaker (2006) and Snow White and the Huntsman (2012).
Legeno was born in Marylebone, London.
He lived with his daughter, Wendy, in England.
Legeno was found dead by hikers on 6 July 2014.
He was hiking at the Death Valley National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California.
His cause of death was heat stroke.
Kickin' it Up is the second studio album by John Michael Montgomery.
The album was released on January 25, 1994.
Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes (5 October 1950 – 9 July 2014) was a Brazilian geologist, mineralogist and mineral dealer.
He collected the material which was used in the discovery of the mineral menezesite, which was named in his honor.
He was born in São Paulo.
The Fitzgerald Theater is the oldest active theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
It is the home of American Public Media's A Prairie Home Companion.
The theater is owned by Minnesota Public Radio.
The Fitzgerald was also the location for the 2006 film of the same name.
It was built in 1910 at a cost of $165,000.
It had a sandstone front and was of concrete and steel construction.
The theatre had several very modern features for its time.
It had 2,000 electric light bulbs.
The stage could be lowered and raised by two feet.
It had 16 dressing rooms and a side entrance for those arriving in automobiles.
It was one of many theaters built by the Shubert Theatre Corporation.
It was originally named the Sam S. Shubert Theater.
The theatre was designed by the noted Chicago architectural firm of Marshall and Fox.
By 1933 it had fallen on hard times.
Even the Broadway shows that played there could not make it profitable.
That same year it was remodeled in the Art Deco style and renamed the World Theatre.
It became a movie theatre and specialized in showing foreign films.
By 1978 it was scheduled to be torn down.
Minnesota Public Radio was looking for a new home for one of it's programs, A Prairie Home Companion.
They were able to lease the theatre for a very reasonable price.
It was  placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as the Sam S. Shubert Theatre and Shubert Building.
In 1985 it was decided the building was unsafe and was in danger of closing permanently.
After raising nearly two million dollars, the building was once again renovated.
In 1994 it was renamed after St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald.
Movie location
In 2005, the theater was used for filming the movie A Prairie Home Companion, directed by Robert Altman.
Garrison Keillor, the star of the radio show also starred in the movie.
He was instrumental in getting Hollywood stars such as Meryl Streep and Lily Tomlin for the movie.
The movie was shot digitally which allowed the cast and crew to fit into the small building.
Even the theatre's basement was used for movie sets.
With all the actors, technicians, electricians and carpenters squeezed into a small space, it was "as crowded as an ant farm".
A Hollywood-style premiere was held at the Fitzgerald on 3 May 2006.
A parade led from Rice Park to the theatre and the red carpet was laid out for the stars who arrived in white horse-drawn carriages.
The Fitzgerald Theater
MPR: Coleman, Mondale debate
Typhoon Rammasun (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Glenda) was a 2014 Pacific Ocean typhoon.
It affected Guam.
It was expected to come to the Philippines, Taiwan, eastern China and Vietnam.
Storm notices and warnings were activated from the Philippines to Vietnam and China.
The Philippine threat from this typhoon was especially strong.
Michael Palin (born 1943), British entertainer, world traveller and television presenter
Sarah Palin (born 1964), American politician
Palin, Arunachal Pradesh, Indian town
The Battle of the Wilderness was a battle of the American Civil War.
It was the first battle of the Overland Campaign.
It was fought from May 5 to 7, 1864.
A Union army commanded by U.S. Grant started marching south to capture Richmond, Virginia.
The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Robert E. Lee, attacked Grant's army in an area called the Wilderness.
After two days, Grant wasn't able to defeat Lee's army.
He then decided to move the Union army southward to get between Lee and Richmond.
This resulted in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.
This was a battle that was considered inconclusive.
May 1864 events
Lofsdalen is a minor locality and ski resort located in Härjedalen Municipality, Sweden.
Lofsdalen home page
Krombacher Brauerei is one of the largest private owned breweries in Germany and the best selling German beer in 2015.
Their headquarters are in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Krombacher Official Page
Kreuztal is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
As of 2012, 30,827 people live there.
The first documents about the area go back to 1067.
The town began to develop in 1861 after the Ruhr-Sieg railroad was made, making Kreuztal a railroad hub at that time.
The town of Kreuztal was made on 1 January 1969.
The Panzer I tank was a Nazi Germany light tank that was used during many wars of the 1930s as well as during World War II.
The name of the tank is short for Panzerkampfwagen I ("armored fighting vehicle mark I") (abbreviated PzKpfw I).
The tank was only intended for use as a training tank to introduce the concept of armoured warfare to the German Army.
The tank was used in combat in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, in Poland, France, the Soviet Union and North Africa during the Second World War, and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
The tank had thin armor and light armament of two machine guns.
It was weak in combat but was a large part of Germany's tank forces.
The Panzer I was replaced by the Panzer IV, Panther, and Tiger later on.
High Point is a city in central North Carolina.
In 2010, it had 104,731 people.
It is southwest of Greensboro and southeast of Winston-Salem.
High Point has furniture, textile and bus manufacturing.
Greenville is the county seat of Pitt County, North Carolina, in the eastern part of the state.
It is on Tar River.
In 2010, it had 84,554 people.
Alice Marie Coachman (November 9, 1923 – July 14, 2014) was an American athlete.
She specialized in high jump.
She was the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal.
In 2002 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.
Alice Coachman's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Alice Coachman  (Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Albany is a city, in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States, in the southwestern part of the state.
The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in Georgia.
Carolyn Clive, Frances Davis, and Tom Liner, eds.,
Glancing Backward: Albany, Georgia, 1836–1986 (Albany, Ga.: Dougherty County School System and Sesquicentennial Publication Committee, 1986).
Lee W. Formwalt, "A Garden of Irony and Diversity," in The New Georgia Guide (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996).
Joseph Winthrop Holley, You Can't Build a Chimney from the Top: The South through the Life of a Negro Educator (New York: William-Frederick Press, 1948).
Thronateeska Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, History and Reminiscences of Dougherty County, Georgia (1924; reprint, Spartanburg, S.C.: Reprint Co., 1978).
Works Progress Administration, Historical Background of Dougherty County, 1836–1940 (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1981).
South Georgia Historic Newspapers Archive Digital Library of Georgia
Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
Oral rehydration therapy is a treatment for dehydration: the sick person drinks water mixed with sugar and salt.
They don't stop eating food.
There is a mixture that is used for severe dehydration: This mixture also includes zinc.
Those who take care of the sick person are taught how they can see it if the dehydration gets worse.
The World Health Organization and UNICEF specify indications, preparations and procedures for ORT.
The therapy was developed in the second half of the 20th century.
It has helped lower the number of human deaths from dehydration in vomiting and diarrheal illnesses, especially in cholera epidemics occurring in children.
It is sign for public health getting better all over the world.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.
Before ORT was used often, most of the children who died in developing nations, died from diarrhea.
Between 1980 and 2006, the introduction of ORT is thought to have lowered the number of young children who died anywhere in the world from 5 to 3 million every year.
However, in 2008, diarrhea is still the second most common cause of death in children under five years (17 percent), (after pneumonia (19 percent)).
Moreover, by the same year, the use of ORT in children under five had declined.
WHO and UNICEF developed official guidelines for how to make ORS.
Depending on what materials are available, they propose different alternative preparations.
Commercial preparations are available as either pre-prepared fluids or packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) ready for mixing with the fluid.
WHO/UNICEF's formula is  salt (NaCal),  trisodium citrate dihydrate ,  KCl,  anhydrous glucose () per litre of fluid.
30 ml sugar : 2.5 ml salt : 1 liter fluid
6 teaspoons (tsp).
sugar : 0.5 tsp.
salt : 1 quart fluid
The best fluid is plain, clean water.
However, fluids such as rice water, coconut water, vegetable broth, yogurt, weak unsweetened tea, unsweetened fresh fruit juice or even non-drinking water are recommended when plain, clean water is unavailable.
Water can be made safe with chlorine, or by boiling it.
However, ORS should still be given even if the water is maybe unsafe.
Rehydration is more important.
The molar ratio of sugar to salt should be 1:1 and the solution should not be hyperosmolar.
The Mayo clinic suggests half a teaspoon of salt, six level teaspoons of sugar and  water.
The British Columbia health service suggests 1 part fruit juice without sugar, mixed with 4 parts water.
Donald Eugene "Don" Lenhardt (October 4, 1922 – July 9, 2014), nicknamed "Footsie", was an American baseballer.
He was an outfielder, first baseman, third baseman, scout and coach in Major League Baseball.
He played for the St. Louis Browns, the Chicago White Sox, the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers between 1950 and 1954.
Lenhardt was born in Alton, Illinois.
He was nicknamed "Footsie" by teammates because he often had a hard time finding shoes that fit him right.
Don Lenhardt at Baseball-Reference
Kenneth James Gray (November 14, 1924 – July 12, 2014) was an Americans politician, businessman and auctioneer.
He was a U.S. Representative from Illinois's 25th, 21st, 24th and 22nd congressional districts.
He served as a Representative between 1955 to 1974 and 1985 to 1989.
Gray was born in West Frankfort, Illinois.
He was a World War II veteran and got five medals for his service.
The Honourable Peter George Underwood  (10 October 1937 – 7 July 2014) was an Australian jurist and politician.
He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 2004 to 2008.
He was a judge of that court since 1984.
He was the Governor of Tasmania from 2008 until his death in 2014.
He replaced William Cox.
Underwood was born in the United Kingdom.
He moved to Australia in 1950 at the age of 13.
He served in the Royal Australian Navy and graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1960.
Underwood had a tumour removed from his kidney in early June 2014.
However, he had a setback after coming back to office.
He died from kidney cancer on 7 July 2014 in Hobart.
Peter Underwood  at the Supreme Court of Tasmania
Governors of Tasmania
Lois Johnson Scoggins (May 15, 1942 – July 7, 2014) was an American country music singer.
She recorded for the record labels Columbia, MGM, 20th Century, Polydor between 1969 and 1978.
She charted twenty singles on the Hot Country Songs charts.
Her song "Loving You Will Never Grow Old" reached No.
6 in 1975.
She toured with Hank Williams, Jr. between 1970 and 1973.
Johnson was born in Union County, Tennessee.
She was raised in Maynardville, Tennessee.
Robert Cameron Broomfield (June 18, 1933 – July 10, 2014) was an American judge.
He was a member of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.
President Ronald Reagan nominated him on May 15, 1985 and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 10, 1985.
He served as chief judge from 1994 to 1999 and as a senior judge until his death.
Broomfield was born in Detroit, Michigan.
He went to both the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Arizona College of Law.
Canis is a genus with seven to ten living species.
It incudes the domestic dog, wolves, coyotes, and jackals, and various extinct species. '
Canis' means "dog" in Latin.
Their canine teeth are adapted for killing, and their molar teeth can crunch bone.
They are able to chase prey over long distances, far more so than felines.
Nancy Astor, Vicountess Astor CH (Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor, 19 May 1879  2 May 1964) was an American-born English politician and socialite.
She was the first woman to sit as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons.
Her second husband was Waldorf Astor.
She was once asked by an English woman, "Have you come to get our husbands?"
Her reply, "If you knew the trouble I had getting rid of mine....." charmed her listeners and displayed the wit which later became famous.
Her second husband, Waldorf Astor, was born in the United States but the family to England when Waldorf was twelve.
The couple were well matched from the start.
Not only were they both American expatriates with similar temperaments, but they were of the same age, being born on the same day, 19 May 1879.
After marrying Waldorf, Nancy moved into Cliveden, a lavish estate in Buckinghamshire on the River Thames.
It was a wedding gift from Astor's father, She became a prominent hostess for the social elite.
The Astors also owned a grand London house, No.
4 St. James's Square, which is now the premises of the Naval & Military Club.
A blue plaque unveiled in 1987 commemorates Astor at St. James's Square.
Through her many social connections, Lady Astor became involved in a political circle which advocated unity and equality among English-speaking people and support for British imperialism.
Temptation of Wife is a Philippine television drama series.
It is broadcast by GMA Network.
Angeline and Heidi share a deep bond of friendship ever since Heidi was orphaned and was taken under the custody of Angeline's parents, Abner and Minda.
Angeline grows up responsible and compassionate while Heidi, fueled by ambition and envy, secretly detests Angeline and always feels inferior next to her.
Many boys are attracted to Angeline but she falls in love with Marcel.
It doesn't take long before Angeline becomes pregnant and gives up on her dreams of becoming a nurse in order to marry Marcel.
Although their marriage is void of happiness, Angeline tries to be an excellent wife to her husband, and takes good care of her in-laws, Romeo and Stella.
However, she soon learns that the life she chose is full of lies and betrayals.
Adding to her woes is her unexpected miscarriage.
She soon discovers that Marcel is cheating on her and shocked to learn of Heidi’s treachery.
Angeline is devastated by the thought of being betrayed by the two people closest to her heart.
Marcel decides to end his affair with Heidi but Heidi is already pregnant with his child.
He chooses to live with her as Angeline is forced to go back and stay with her parents.
But Angeline finds out that she, too, is pregnant with Marcel's child.
Heidi then tries to get rid of that child but ends up drowning Angeline herself by accident.
But by a twist of fate, Angeline survives and is back for revenge.
She assumes the identity of another woman and seeks out vengeance against Marcel and Heidi.
Now, it's time for pay back and Angeline will do everything to taste the bittersweet part of her revenge.
Gert Voss (10 October 1941 – 13 July 2014) was a German actor.
He was known for his roles in Der Kopf des Mohren (1995), Doktor Knock (1996) and Ritter, Dene, Voss (1987).
Actors from Shanghai
Alfred de Grazia  (December 29, 1919 - July 12, 2014) was an American political scientist and author.
He developed techniques of computer-based social network analysis in the 1950s, developed new ideas about personal digital archives in the 1970s, and defended the catastrophism thesis of Immanuel Velikovsky.
Quantavolution - Challenges to Conventional Science, Festschrift in honor of Alfred de Grazia's 90th birthday, compiled and edited by Ian Tresman, Knowledge Computing, UK (2010)
The Grazian Archive: archived works of Alfred de Grazia
The American State of Canaan
Alberto Cassano (23 January 1935 – 12 July 2014) was an Argentine engineer and academic.
He was a professor at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral during most of his career.
He founded the program CONICET.
He founded INTEC and CERIDE.
Argentine engineers
James MacGregor Burns (August 3, 1918 – July 15, 2014) was an American historian and political scientist, presidential biographer, and authority on leadership studies.
He was the Woodrow Wilson Professor of Government Emeritus at Williams College and Distinguished Leadership Scholar at the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park.
He was notable for writing books about Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Burns was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
He was raised in Burlington, Massachusetts.
Burns studied at Lexington High School in Lexington, Massachusetts and at Williams College.
In 1971, Burns received the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in History and Biography for his work on America's 32nd president, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom.
Government by the People (textbook, 21 editions) (Prentice-Hall, 1952–present).
Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (Harcourt, Brace, 1956).
John Kennedy: A Political Profile (Harcourt, Brace, 1960).
The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America (Prentice Hall, 1963).
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970) ().
The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America, with Susan Dunn (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2001) ().
Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court (Penguin Press, 2009) ().
Fire and Light: How the Enlightenment Transformed Our World (St. Martin's Press, 2013) ().
Academy of Leadership
University of Maryland's James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership
Maria Evangelina "Vange" Leonel Gandolfo (May 4, 1963 – July 14, 2014) was a Brazilian singer-songwriter, journalist, novelist, playwright, feminist and LGBT activist.
She was famous for her work with the now-defunct post-punk band Nau.
On July 14, 2014, Vange died after a long struggle with ovarian cancer.
Her body was cremated one day later.
Robert A. "Bob" Roe (February 28, 1924 – July 15, 2014) was an American Democratic Party politician.
He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for over twenty-three years.
He served from November 4, 1969 to January 3, 1993.
He was also Mayor of Wayne, New Jersey.
Dausset won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1978.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 for his "discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions".
He shared the prize with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell.
He was born on October 19, 1916 in Toulouse, France to Henri Dausset and Elisabeth Dausset (born Renard).
Dausset was the youngest of four children.
His father was a doctor from Pyrenees and his mother was a housewife from Lorraine.
After World War I ended, the family moved to Biarritz where Jean would spend most of his childhood.
His father worked at the Bayonne Hospital where he was a head doctor.
Seeing this made a great impression on Jean.
Jean was home schooled by his mother and a tutor who would come to the house.
When Jean turned 11, his family moved to Paris and he began formal schooling at the Lycée Michel when he turned 15.
After he was able to earn his baccalaureate in mathematics, he decided to study medicine at the University of Paris after being convinced by his father.
Right after he became an extern at the Paris Hospitals when he turned 19, his parents both died.
He was unable to pass his internship entrance exam at the Paris Hospitals on his first attempt.
He was about to prepare for a second attempt but then World War II started.
Dausset was sent off to Northern Italy for a year after he was enlisted in the French Army.
After he spent a year there, he returned to Paris, studied and passed his medical internship exam.
Soon after passing his exams, Dausset joined the Free French Forces in North Africa as an ambulance worker.
He was first stationed in Morocco but was then moved to be stationed in the more active Tunisia.
He got his first taste of hematology when he had to perform multiple blood transfusions on the wounded soldiers.
When the war was winding down in 1944, Dausset decided to return to Paris and work in the Regional Blood Transfusion Center at the Saint-Antoine Hospital.
Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh was assassinated by Mohammed Bouyeri in Amsterdam East, Netherlands.
He was murdered in broad daylight.
Van Gogh's last words, according to eyewitnesses, were "Mercy mercy!
We can talk about this!"
Assailant
The murderer Mohammed Bouyeri an Islamic extremist killed van Gogh.
The reason for murdering Gogh was to oppose the controversial film which criticised Islam Submission.
Bouyeri shot and stabbed van Gogh, then cut his throat.
Finally the killer attached a 5 page letter to van Gogh's chest with a knife.
Bouyeri was chased by Dutch police after shooting a bullet into Bouyeri's leg.
Bouyeri was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole.
Bouyeri stated, he doesn't have any regret for killing van Gogh.
He termed the assassination as Jihad.
Van Gogh's funeral
Van Gogh was buried in Amsterdam on 9 November, 2004.
Van Gogh's son claimed that many assassination attempts were made but van Gogh refused to take police protection.
Hirsi's hiding
Sooner after van Gogh's assassination, Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Geert Wilders went into hiding.
This is because Bouyeri made death threats against Hirsi as the writer of the film.
Memorial (The Scream)
On 18 March 2007, a sculpture honoring van Gogh, entitled De Schreeuw ("The Scream"), was unveiled in Amsterdam.
It is located in the Oosterpark, a short distance from where van Gogh was murdered.
Theo van Gogh memorial defaced with black marker
Full text of speech by Hans Teeuwen
Van Gogh, Theo
Bernard Bailyn (9 September 1922 – 7 August 2020) was an American historian, author, and professor specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era History.
He was a professor at Harvard University from 1953 until his death.
Bailyn won the Pulitzer Prize for History twice (in 1968 and 1987).
In 1998 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Lecture.
He was a recipient of the 2010 National Humanities Medal.
"To Begin the World Anew"-Politics and the Creative Imagination  Jefferson Lecture for the National Endowment for the Humanities
Bernard Bailyn: An Appreciation
Considering the Slave Trade: History and Memory
History News Network
Booknotes interview with Bailyn on To Begin the World Anew, March 23, 2003.
"Into the Wilderness: ‘The Barbarous Years,’ by Bernard Bailyn", Charles C. Mann, The New York Times, 4 January 2013
Carl Neumann Degler (February 6, 1921 in Newark, New Jersey – December 27, 2014 in Palo Alto, California) is an American historian.
Degler served as president of the Organization of American Historians, president of the American Historical Association and president of the Southern Historical Association.
He is the Margaret Byrne Professor of American History Emeritus at Stanford University.
"In Pursuit of an American History" 1986 AHA Presidential Address
The Pulitzer Prizes
The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 30,134.
City of Orange Township website
Orange Board of Education
Data for the Orange Board of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Citizens for Responsible Government website
The Shatsky Rise is an oceanic plateau southeast of Japan.
It lies on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.
It includes what may be the largest volcano yet discovered on Earth, the Tamu Massif.
The Rise and its volcanics may have formed during the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous epochs.
It is at the triple junction of three tectonic plates.
These are the Pacific, the Farallon, and the Izanagi.
It was named after Nikolay Shatsky (1895-1960), a Soviet geologist.
He was an expert in tectonics of ancient platforms.
In September 1969, American college students published articles claiming that clues to McCartney's supposed death could be found among the lyrics and artwork of the Beatles' recordings.
Rumours declined after a contemporary interview with McCartney was published in Life magazine in November 1969.
Popular culture continues to make occasional reference to the legend, and McCartney poked fun at it with a 1993 live album titled Paul Is Live, whose cover parodied "clues" allegedly on the cover of the Beatles' Abbey Road album.
The evidence
The legend is based on a range of ideas.
One theory says that facial recognition proves that a different person "became" Paul after 1966.
The Abbey Road cover clues include:
The Beatles walking across the road look like a funeral procession
John Lennon dressed in white is the preacher
Ringo Starr dressed in black is the undertaker
George Harrison is dressed in work clothes is a grave digger.
Paul is out of step with the others
Paul is barefoot
Paul is smoking a cigarette, sometimes called a "coffin nail"
Paul is holding the cigarette in his right hand, even though he was left handed
A car number plate "LMW 28IF" means that he would be 28 had he lived
The LMW means Lady McCartney Weeps (not Linda McCartney Weeps, because if Paul died in 1966, the real Paul would have never met Linda)
The City of La Junta is a city that is the county seat and the most populous city of Otero County, Colorado, United States.
The city population was 7,568 at the U.S. Census 2000.
Victoria Peak (, or previously Chinese: ) is a mountain in the western part of Hong Kong Island.
It is also called Mount Austin and The Peak.
Its altitude is .
It is the highest mountain on the Hong Kong Island.
In a broad sense Victoria Peak included Mount Austin, Victoria Gap, Mount Kellett and Mount Gough, Which are also apart of Peak District/The Peak.
(Tai Mo Shan is the highest mountain in Hong Kong).
Lammtarra (February 2, 1992 – July 6, 2014) was an unbeaten Thoroughbred racehorse.
He won three Group One races in 1995.
He was voted the Cartier Three-year-old European Champion Colt.
He won the Epsom Derby in record time, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.
The only other horse to win these races was Mill Reef.
Lammtarra was bred in Kentucky, United States.
He was trained in both the U.S. and the United Kingdom.
Lammtarra was first retired to Japan's Arrow Stud.
He was later moved to England's Dalham Hall Stud in Newmarket, Suffolk.
He died on July 6, 2014, aged 22.
Lammtarra  at Godolphin
Vintage Crop (1 March 1987 – 14 July 2014) was a Thoroughbred racehorse.
In 1993, he won the Melbourne Cup, becoming the first non-Australian bred/trained horse to do so.
Vintage Crop was retired to the Irish National Stud in Kildare, County Kildare.
He died on 14 July 2014, aged 27.
Hunt formed the Pre-Raphaelite movement in 1848, after meeting the poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
With John Everett Millais, they sought to revitalise art.
They favoured the detailed observation of the natural world, in a spirit of devotion to thetruth.
This almost religious approach was influenced by the spiritual qualities of mediaeval art.
It was in opposition to the rationalism of the Renaissance, as in Raphael.
Hunt's works were not successful at first, and were widely attacked in the art press.
They were thought clumsy and ugly.
All the same, his was noticed for the naturalistic scenes of modern rural and urban life, such as The Hireling Shepherd and The Awakening Conscience.
However, it was with his religious paintings that he became famous, initially The Light of the World (1851–1853), now in the chapel at Keble College, Oxford; a later version (1900) toured the world and now has its home in St Paul's Cathedral.
In the mid-1850s Hunt travelled to the Holy Land in search of material for more religious works, and to “use my powers to make more tangible Jesus Christ’s history and teaching”.
there he painted The Scapegoat, The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple and The Shadow of Death, along with many landscapes of the region.
Hunt also painted many works based on poems, such as Isabella, or the Pot of Basil and The Lady of Shalott.
He eventually built his own house in Jerusalem.
His auction record is £1,700,000, set at Sotheby's, London on 11 February 1994, for reduced-size version his 1873 work The Shadow of Death.
His paintings were notable for their great attention to detail, vivid colour and elaborate symbolism.
These features were influenced by the writings of John Ruskin and Thomas Carlyle, according to whom the world itself should be read as a system of visual signs.
For Hunt it was the duty of the artist to reveal the correspondence between sign and fact.
Out of all the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Hunt remained most true to their ideals throughout his career.
He was always keen to maximise the popular appeal and public visibility of his works.
He eventually had to give up painting because failing eyesight meant that he could not get the level of quality that he wanted.
His last major works, The Lady of Shalott and a large version of The Light of the World were completed with the help of his assistant, Edward Robert Hughes.
Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi) is a wild cat native to southern and central South America.
The species is relatively common in many areas, but is considered to be "near threatened" by IUCN.
The cat was examined and described by the early 19th century French anatomist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.
He collected it on an expedition to South America.
Ecology and distribution
Geoffroy's cats live in the Andes, Pampas (scrubby forest parts), and Gran Chaco landscape.
They are found from southern Bolivia to the Straits of Magellan, at heights from sea level to .
They prefer open woodland or scrubland habitats with plenty of cover, but are also found in grasslands and marshy areas.
Although they are able to climb trees, they rarely do so, except to leave faeces to scent mark their territory.
Geoffroy's cat is nocturnal.