the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Ordinary Boys are an English indie rock band.
Their name is from the Morrissey song "The Ordinary Boys".
At first they were called Next in Line.
The members were Samuel Preston, William Brown, James Gregory, and Simon Goldring.
They released their first album Over the Counter Culture in 2004.
The third single from the album. "
Talk, Talk, Talk", reached number seventeen in the UK Singles Chart.
In 2005 they released their second album Brassbound. "
Boys Will Be Boys" was the first single from the album.
In January 2006 the band's singer Samuel Preston was on the British reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother.
Their single "Boys Will Be Boys" was released again.
Goldfrapp did a cover version of the song for BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge.
They released their third album How to Get Everything You Ever Wanted in Ten Easy Steps in October 2006.
It had a more pop sound than the band's first two albums.
The first single from the album "Lonely at the Top" reached number ten in the UK Singles Chart.
2007–now
"Boys Will Be Boys" was on the soundtrack of the 2007 movie Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.
In 2007 it was also played in Smoke and Mirrors, the fifth episode of season two of The IT Crowd.
In 2008 they broke up.
In 2011 they started again.
Alice Ann Munro (born 10 July 1931) is a Canadian writer of short stories.
Munro received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013.
In her stories Munro has changed the way people write short stories.
Her stories usually start in a place where people do not expect.
After that, the stories go back and forward in time.
Her first collection of short stories, Dance of the Happy Shades, was published by Ryerson Press in 1968.
It won the 1968 Governor General's Award for Fiction.
Munro's most recent collection of short stories, Dear Life, was published in 2012 by McClelland and Stewart.
Raphael is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
He is the brawn of the group of brothers and uses sais.
He is also known as the Nightwatcher.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
Injustice (franchise) guest characters
Tahliah Debrett Barnett (born 17 January 1988), known as FKA twigs, is an English R&B singer.
She used to be called twigs.
Her music has been called post-dubstep and trip-hop.
She was on the cover of i-D magazine in August 2012.
twigs released her first EP EP on December 4, 2012.
On August 1 2013 twigs posted the video for her single "Water Me" on YouTube.
It now has over one million views.
twigs released her second extended play EP2 on September 17, 2013.
It was her first release on the record label The Young Turks.
Pitchfork gave it a score of 8 out of 10.
In 2013 BBC put her on their Sound of 2014 list of nominees.
In January 2014 BBC chose the winner.
twigs' first album LP1 was released in August 2014.
Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters is a children's book by United States President Barack Obama.
It came out on November 16, 2010.
It is about the lives of thirteen Americans: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Neil Armstrong, Sitting Bull, Cesar Chavez, Billie Holiday, Maya Lin, Albert Einstein (who was born in Germany), Georgia O'Keeffe, Jackie Robinson, Helen Keller, and Jane Addams.
Obama finished writing the book in 2008, after he was elected but before he took office.
WWE Raw is a professional wrestling video game developed by Anchor Inc. and published by THQ.
The game was titled WWF Raw on the Xbox.
The game was released on the Xbox and Microsoft Windows.
It was released on February 11, 2002 in North America, September 27, 2002 in the United Kingdom and October 3, 2002 in Japan on the Xbox.
The game was released on October 14, 2002 in North America and on November 1, 2002 in the United Kingdom.
A sequel was released in 2002 called WWE Raw 2.
Absurdity, very poor reasoning; ridiculous, or nonsense
Absurdism, a philosophy about how the human search some meaning in the universe and the impossibility of finding that meaning
Absurd or surreal humour
Absurd (band), a German heavy-metal band
Absurd, a term used in logic to describe a contradiction
Reductio ad absurdum, a type of logical argument
Matthew Chandler Fox (born July 14, 1966) is an American actor.
He is known for his roles as Charlie Salinger on Party of Five and Jack Shephard on the supernatural drama television series Lost.
John Christopher McGinley (born August 3, 1959) is an American actor, comedian, spokesperson, and writer.
He is known for his roles as Perry Cox in Scrubs, Bob Slydell in Office Space, Sergeant Red O'Neill in Oliver Stone's Platoon and Marv in Stone's Wall Street.
He has also written and produced for television and movies.
McGinley is also an author and a spokesperson for the National Down Syndrome Society.
Evolution is a professional wrestling stable that competes in the WWE.
The stable was created on January 20, 2003 and broke up on October 3, 2005.
The members of the stable were Triple H, Randy Orton, Batista and Ric Flair.
Triple H acted as the leader and Flair acted as a mentor.
The members of the stable each portrayed evolutions of professional wrestling with Ric Flair being "the past", Triple H being "the present"  and Randy Orton and Batista being "the future".
They all portrayed heels.
On April 14, 2014, Evolution, not including Ric Flair, reunited.
They came down to the ring to their theme "Line in the Sand" by Motörhead and attacked The Shield.
On the June 2 episode of Raw, Batista quit the WWE after he had his title match request denied by Triple H. Later in the night, Triple H said that he had a "Plan B" in his quest to destroy the Shield, which prompted Rollins to turn on and attack his group members Reigns and Ambrose.
"Evolve" by Jim Johnston (February 10, 2003–June 16, 2003)
"Line in the Sand" by Motörhead (July 14, 2003–November 14, 2004; April 14, 2014–present)
World Heavyweight Championship (five times) (Triple H (four) and Orton (one))
World Tag Team Championship (two times) (Flair and Batista (two))
WWE Intercontinental Championship (2 times) (Orton (one) and Flair (one))
Royal Rumble (2005) (Batista)
Triple H's WWE profile
Ric Flair's WWE profile
Randy Orton's WWE profile
Batista's WWE profile
Nôm is a script formerly used in Vietnam.
It involved the use of Chinese characters to write Vietnamese.
The Van Ban bell, engraved in 1076, has the earliest known example of a Nôm inscription.
The earliest surviving Nôm literature dates from the 13th century.
The script was in common use until the 1920s.
It was replaced by the Vietnamese alphabet.
The Vietnamese alphabet is a form of the Latin alphabet.
Classical Chinese was used by the royal court and for other official purposes.
The Temple of Literature in Hanoi was the best-known school for the study of Chinese.
Students who passed the civil service examinations could go on to become magistrates.
Confucian scholars saw Chinese as the language of education and looked down on Nôm, while popular opinion favored Nôm.
Only a small percentage of the population was literate in any language, but nearly every village had at least one person who could read Nôm.
In Nôm, a Vietnamese word can be written using a Chinese character for a word with a similar meaning or pronunciation.
Each character represents an idea.
Such characters are called "ideographs."
In addition, each character represents a syllable, or sound.
Because traditional characters have this dual property, nearly every syllable in modern Vietnamese has acquired a semantic meaning.
Like Chinese, Vietnamese is a tonal language.
Since the issue of tone does not arise for Japanese or Korean, native phonetic scripts could develop for these languages without this complicating factor.
Sino-Vietnamese characters were eventually displaced by an alphabetic script.
Unlike alphabets used elsewhere, the Vietnamese alphabet has marks to indicate tone.
In contrast to South Korea and Japan, modern Vietnam does not require students to study the traditional characters.
Fewer than 100 scholars worldwide can read Nôm.
Vietnamese literature written in Nôm, including classics like Tale of Kieu and the poetry of Ho Xuan Huong, can now be read only in translation.
However, character calligraphy remains popular as a home decoration and as a symbol of good luck.
The Han-Nom Institute, founded in 1970, collects and studies relevant manuscripts.
The Nôm Ideographs were added to Unicode in 2001.
Unicode is an international electronic encoding standard.
Chinese characters are used to write various languages in China and elsewhere, including Mandarin, the most widely spoken language in China, Cantonese, spoken in Hong Kong and southern China, and Classical Chinese, traditionally used for formal writing.
The characters were formerly used in Korea and in Vietnam.
Japan uses a mix of Chinese characters and native phonetic script.
Even characters that retain their original meaning in all languages may be read in various ways.
The character 十 is given as shí in Chinese romanization (pinyin), jū in Japanese romanization (Hepburn), sip in Korean romanization (Revised Romanization), and thập in the Han-Viet system used in Vietnam.
In all these languages, the meaning of the character is “ten.”
Modifiers normally come before the noun in Chinese, but follow the noun in vernacular Vietnamese.
Chinese texts published in Vietnam often included a line-by-line translation into Nôm.
Even when the same characters appear in both languages, the order is different.
Many Chinese phrases gained currency as loan words.
Later, the word order could be reversed to correspond to normal Vietnamese syntax.
The word "Vietnam" is from Chinese Nányuè (南越), meaning “Southern Yue”.
In Han-Viet, the same characters are read as .
The word order was reversed in modern times.
In Chinese, the phrase “Chinese characters” is written 漢字.
This is romanized as hànzì in pinyin, kanji in Japanese, hanja in Korean, and  in Han-Viet.
In modern Vietnamese, they are .
Character construction
The majority of the characters used in Nôm are of Chinese origin and are composed phonosemantically.
For example, the character "喃" is read as "Nôm", whose phonetic component "南" similar to the Cantonese pronunciation Naam4 and means “chattering.”
This rule is consistent in all Chu Nôm characters as all Vietnamese made characters are composed using this method.
The word "Nôm" does not have any negative connotation in Vietnamese, but rather suggests plain talk, something easy to understand.
Nôm includes thousands of characters not found in Chinese.
In contrast, Japan developed only a few hundred kokuji, Korea just a handful of rarely used gukja.
These characters were created by authors who combined pre-existing elements.
One element, called the semantic component, indicates the character's meaning, either pictographically or ideographically.
The other element, called the phonetic component, gives pronunciation.
For example, the reading ba is indicated by the character .
In Mandarin, this character has the same pronunciation as in Vietnamese, but it's meaning is unrelated: "to long for."
For the character  (⿺巴三), the character 三 which means "three" is added as the semanic component. "
Father" is also ba, but written as  (⿱父巴). "
Turtle" is con ba ba (; ⿰虫巴).
Most Chinese characters were created by the same method.
As the correspondence between sound and meaning is compounded in Vietnamese created characters than it is in Chinese characters, the same approach resulted in two distinctions between Nôm characters; chữ Nôm (字喃; native characters) and Hán Nôm (漢喃; Han characters).
Of the 9,299 Nôm Ideographs, nearly half are specific to Vietnam.
Each character has a codepoint assigned by Unicode.
The characters for the V0, V1, and V2 sets were extracted from two Nôm dictionaries published in the 1970s.
The V3 characters were extracted from manuscripts.
Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam after the Han Empire conquered the country in 111 BC.
Independence was achieved in 939, but the Chinese writing system was adopted for official purposes in 1010.
Vietnamese began to use Chinese characters to write in their own language at about this time.
The Van Ban bell, engraved in 1076, is the earliest known example of a Nôm inscription.
Nguyen Thuyen composed Nôm poetry in the 13th century.
However, none of his work has survived.
The oldest surviving Nôm text is the collected poetry of King Tran Nhan Tong, written in the 13th century.
Many Nôm documents were destroyed by the Chinese during the Ming occupation of 1407-1428.
Nguyen Trai (1380–1442) wrote both Chinese and Nôm literature in the 15th century.
Trinh Thi Ngoc Truc, consort of King Le Than Tong, is credited with a 24,000-character bilingual Chinese-to-Vietnamese dictionary written in the 17th century.
Unlike Chinese, Nôm was not studied or classified systematically for most of its history.
Vietnamese authors who had studied Chinese applied the principles of Chinese writing to their native language.
Although official records were generally kept in Chinese, Nôm was used under two short-lived dynasties, the Ho dynasty (1400-1407) and the Tay Son (1778–1802).
King Minh Mang (1820-1841) opposed literacy and the use of Nôm.
In 1838, Jean-Louis Taberd wrote a Nôm dictionary that eventually gained general acceptance and wide circulation.
In 1867, Catholic scholar Nguyen Truong To petitioned King Tu Duc to replace Classical Chinese with Nôm in official usage.
The king did not consent to this, but he did respond with various efforts to promote Nôm.
A decree was issued entitled "Please respect quốc âm [the national voice]."
In the 19th century, there was a flowering of popular literature written in Nôm, including such classics as Nguyen Du's The Tale of Kieu and the poetry of Ho Xuan Huong.
Although only 3 to 5 percent of the population was literate, nearly every village had someone who could read Nôm aloud for the benefit of other villagers.
In Korea and Japan, the traditional writing system was simplified so it could be taught to the general public.
Vietnam's educated class looked down on Nôm as inferior to Chinese, so it was not interested in doing the work required to simplify and standardize the system so that it could be used for mass communication.
It has nearly 5,000 distinct syllables, far more than other East Asian language do.
Phonetic scripts used elsewhere, including hangul in Korea and kana in Japan, do not indicate tone, so they cannot be applied to the Vietnamese language.
As in Chinese, a semantic meaning is attributed to every syllable.
This characteristic of the language may be can considered a result of the traditional writing system.
Beginning in the late 19th century, the French colonial authorities promoted the use of the Vietnamese alphabet, which they viewed as a stepping stone toward learning French.
Language reform in other Asian nations stimulated Vietnamese interest in the subject.
Following the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, Japan was often cited as a model for Asian modernization.
Nationalists embraced the alphabet as quốc ngữ (the national language), and as a tool for promoting literacy.
The Confucian education system was compared unfavorably to the Japanese system of public education.
Nationalist writer Phan Boi Chau encouraged the young to "study in the East," meaning Japan.
The popularity of Hanoi's short-lived Tonkin Free School suggested that broad reform was possible.
In 1910, the colonial school system adopted a "Franco-Vietnamese curriculum," which emphasized French and alphabetic Vietnamese.
The teaching of Sino-Vietnamese characters was discontinued in 1917.
On December 28, 1918, King Khai Dinh declared that the traditional writing system no longer had official status.
The civil service exam was given for the last time at the imperial capital of Hue on January 4, 1919.
This exam tested knowledge of Chinese.
The examination system, and the education system based on it, had been in effect for almost 900 years.
China itself abandoned Classical Chinese soon afterward as part of the May Fourth Movement.
In the 1920s, the Vietnamese alphabet became the country’s dominant writing system.
By the 1930s, the use of Sino-Vietnamese characters was largely restricted to books with limited woodbock printings intended for the Buddhist clergy.
In more recent times, the traditional characters have been used mainly in calligraphy, such as wedding decorations.
In 2012, manuscripts in Classical Chinese were translated to support Vietnam's claim to the Paracel Islands.
Most common characters
The following are the twenty five most common characters in Nôm literature.
The modern spelling is given in italics.
là to be
và and
các each; every
một one
có there is
của of
được to get
trong in
trong clear
người people
những (plural marker)
học to learn
như as
từ word
hội to meet
hay or; good
không not
thể body
tư four
cũng also
với with
cho to give
xã society, company
này, nơi place
để to place
This book lists 8,187 Nôm characters.
This is the most comprehensive Nôm dictionary with over 19,000 characters.
This includes the character list for V0, the original 1993 Nôm standard.
Hồng was the leader of the Nôm encoding project.
This dictionary contains 12,000 entries.
This article tells how the Nom Na Tong font was created.
Ngô's group was sponsored by the Nôm Foundation.
This work was later integrated into the Hán Nôm Coded Character Repertoire (2008).
This is a comprehensive bibliography.
This book contains 17,761 Sino-Vietnamese characters.
This is the most widely available Nôm reference.
It is an updated version of Vũ Văn Kính’s 1971 work.
Hanamin B  – This Japanese font supports nearly 90,000 characters, including those in Unicode CJK Extension C.
Nom Na Tong “Nôm Na Tống Light” – created by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation.
It is based on characters found in Thiền Tông Bản Hạnh (The Origin of Buddhist Meditation, 1933) by Thanh Tu Thich. .
NomNaTongLight – This font, created by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation, is based on characters found in traditional Vietnamese woodblock prints.
Han Nom Font Set  – This open source font supports over 70,000 Unicode CJK codepoints.
Fonts for Chu Nom.
How to display and use Han-Nom characters.
Chunom.org "This site is about Chu Nom, the old writing system of Vietnam."
Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation.
Features a dictionary with the complete set of Sino-Vietnamese characters.
Han-Nom Collection , digitized manuscripts held by the National Library of Vietnam.
Han-Nom Research Institute
Tạp chí Hán Nôm [Journal of Han-Nom Studies]
Ngành Hán Nôm.
A four-year program in Han-Nom is offered at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities of Ho Chi Minh City.
Cách Gõ Chữ Hán Nôm - WinVNKey Software to allow the entry of Han-Nom characters by reading.
倉頡之友《倉頡平台2012》  Cangjie input method for Windows that allows keyboard entry of all Unicode CJK characters by character shape.
Supports over 70,000 characters.
Users may add their own characters and character combinations.
Dio Chrysostom (;  Dion Chrysostomos), Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (c. 40 – c. 115 AD) was a Greek speaker, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire.
He lived in the 1st century, from about the year 40 to around the year 115.
He is also known as  Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus.
Eighty of his Discourses (or Orations) are known.
A few Letters and a funny mock essay In Praise of Hair, as well as a few other fragments also survive.
His surname Chrysostom comes from the Greek chrysostomos, which literally means "golden-mouthed".
He should not be confused with the Roman historian Cassius Dio, nor with the 4th-century bishop John Chrysostom of Constantinople.
40 births
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula is a central statement in complex analysis.
The statement is named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy.
It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk.
The statement also provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function.
Cauchy's formula shows that, in complex analysis, "differentiation is equivalent to integration": complex differentiation, like integration, behaves well under uniform limits – a result denied in real analysis.
Magdalen College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
The Bishop of Winchester, William of Waynflete, founded the college in 1458.
The full name of the college is "The President and Fellows of the College of St. Mary Magdalene in the University of Oxford".
At dawn on May Day, the College choir sings hymns from the top of the Magdalen Tower.
Large crowds gather each year on Magdalen Bridge to hear the choir.
1458 establishments
Mansfield College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
It was founded in 1838 as Spring Hill College in Birmingham.
Spring Hill College moved to Oxford in 1886.
At that time it was renamed Mansfield College, in honor of its largest donors, George and Elizabeth Mansfield.
The college's main building was designed by Basil Champneys, and was completed in 1889.
The first female student at Mansfield was admitted in 1913.
In 1955, Mansfield was named a Permanent Private Hall at Oxford University.
In 1995, Mansfield was granted a Royal Charter making it a full member of the University.
Chlöe Howl (born 4 March 1995) is an English singer.
On 4 March 2013, her first extended play Rumor was released for free download.
In June 2013, she released the video for her first single "No Strings".
She released her second extended play No Strings on August 23. "
No Strings" was played in the movie Kick-Ass 2.
Eliza Sophie Caird (born 17 April 1988), best known as Eliza Doolittle, is a British singer and songwriter.
Her first album Eliza Doolittle was released on 12 July 2010.
Eliza Doolittle was born in London in 1988.
Her father is John Caird.
Her mother is Frances Ruffelle.
Doolittle grew up in Camden.
She went to Channing School.
On 29 November 2009 Doolittle released her first EP Eliza Doolittle on iTunes.
On 11 April 2010 she released her first single "Skinny Genes".
On 5 July 2010 her second single "Pack Up" was released.
It entered the UK Singles Chart at number twelve.
It reached number five  on 11 July 2010.
The two singles were from her album Eliza Doolittle, which was released on 12 July 2010.
On 28 April 2013 "You & Me", a song by Disclosure with Doolittle singing on it, was released.
Doolittle released her second album In Your Hands on 14 October 2013.
New College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
The official name of the college is "The Warden and Scholars of St. Mary's College at Winchester".
New College is one of the oldest colleges at Oxford.
It was founded in 1379.
It is called "New" because it was the second college at Oxford named in honor of St. Mary.
Oriel College which is 55 years older, is also officially named in honor of St. Mary.
Say Lou Lou is a dream pop band.
They are Elektra Kilbey and Miranda Kilbey.
They are twin sisters.
They were called Saint Lou Lou until January 2013.
On September 5 2012 Vogue put them in their magazine as Artist of the Week.
On 15 November 2013 Say Lou Lou released the EP Better in the Dark on Sony Music.
Say Lou Lou sometimes lived in Stockholm and sometimes live in Sydney.
They now live in London.
Robert G. "Bob" Heft (January 19, 1942  – December 12, 2009) was the designer of the current United States 50-star flag.
He has also designed a 51-star flag that would be used if a new state joins the United States.
He was born in Saginaw, Michigan.
Heft designed the current United States flag as a school project in Lancaster, Ohio, when he was 17 years old.
He received a B- for his project from his teacher, Stanley Pratt.
After talking about the project, he reached an agreement with his teacher that, if the flag was selected as the official flag by the United States Congress, he would get a better grade for the project.
Heft's design was chosen out of more than 1,500 designs that were given to United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his teacher changed his grade to an A.
After graduating from college, he became a high school teacher and later a college professor.
He was also mayor of Napoleon, Ohio, for 28 years.
After years of combating diabetes, Heft died on December 12, 2009, from a heart attack while living in Saginaw.
Designer of America's current flag, by Jim Sielicki (UPI), The Exchange, July–August 1988.
Who Created the First US Flag of 50 Stars?
Story Corps oral history of the creation of the 50 star flag in the words of Robert G. Heft.
Nuffield College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.
It is a graduate college only.
The Division of Macarthur is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.
It is named after John Macarthur and his wife Elizabeth, who were both pioneers of Australia's wool industry.
It covers the outer south-west of Sydney.
It includes the suburbs of Airds, Ambarvale, Appin, Badgerys Creek, Bickley Vale, Bradbury, Camden, Camden South, Campbelltown, Cawdor, Cobbitty, Ellis Lane, Gilead, Glen Alpine, Grasmere, Greendale, Harrington Park, Kentlyn, Mount Annan, Narellan, Oran Park, Rosemeadow, Rossmore, St Helens Park, Wedderburn and Woodbine and parts of Bringelly, Catherine Field, Douglas Park, Leumeah, Razorback and Rossmore.
Over the years the size of the electorate has become much smaller.
This is because of the increasing number of people living in the Campbelltown region.
The towns of Bowral and Moss Vale and a large part of the Southern Highlands were removed from the division before the 2001 election.
Division of Macarthur- Australian Electoral Commission
new South Wales
September Girls are a garage pop band from Dublin, Ireland.
They started in 2011.
The members are Paula Cullen (bass, vocals), Caoimhe Derwin (guitar, vocals), Lauren Kerchner (keyboards, vocals), Jessie Ward (guitar, vocals), and Sarah Grimes (drums).
Their first album will be released by Fortuna Pop!
in 2014.
21st-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
4AD is a British independent record label.
It was started in 1979 by two men who worked at Beggars Banquet, called Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent.
It was called Axis Records.
In 1980 the name was changed to 4AD.
Musicians who have been signed to 4AD include Pixies, Cocteau Twins, and The Birthday Party.
4AD is part of the Beggars Group.
Facing the Other Way: The Story of 4AD, a book by Martin Aston about the history of the label, was published in 2013.
It was released on August 8, 2006 in North America, September 8, 2006 in Europe, September 14, 2006 in Australia, and on September 28, 2006 in Japan.
The game was the first in the Dead Rising video game series and was followed by Dead Rising 2 in 2010.
In the game the player controls a photojournalist named Frank West who is trapped in a shopping mall during a zombie outbreak.
The story centers around West trying to uncover the truth behind the outbreak while trying to stay alive.
IGN rated the game a 8.3 out of 10 and said it was "one of the more unique and entertaining titles on the Xbox 360.”
but noted that the game could have had "a better save system, more intelligent NPCs, a more forgiving story progression, and tighter controls"
Christine Ijeoma Ohuruogu, MBE (born 17 May 1984) is a British athlete.
Her coach is Lloyd Cowan.
She was born to Igbo Nigerian parents in Newham, London.
In December 2013, she was given the Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswoman of the Year award.
She was also nominated for BBC Sports Personality of the Year.
Sino-Vietnamese characters  () are Chinese-style characters read as either Vietnamese or as Sino-Vietnamese.
When they are used to write Vietnamese, they are called Nôm.
The same characters may used to write Chinese.
In this case, the character is given a Sino-Vietnamese, or Han-Viet, reading.
Han-Viet is a system that allows Vietnamese to read Chinese.
It is equivalent to pinyin in English.
Some of these characters are also used in China; others are used only in Vietnam.
Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam when the Han Empire invaded the country in 111 BC.
Even after Vietnam became independent in AD 939, the country continued to use Classical Chinese () for official purposes.
In the 1920s, Vietnam shifted from traditional characters to the Latin alphabet.
The Han-Nom Institute was founded in Hanoi in 1970 to collect and study documents written in the traditional script.
The institute has submitted a list of 19,981 Sino-Vietnamese characters to Unicode for electronic encoding.
This includes a core set of 9,299 characters called the Nôm Ideographs.
Soon after the country achieved independence, Vietnamese began to use Chinese characters to write their own language.
The civil service examination tested knowledge of Chinese.
It was given once every three years.
Students who passed the exam could go on to become magistrates.
Confucian scholars saw Chinese as the language of education and looked down on Nôm.
Popular opinion favored Nôm.
Some kings thought that all writing should be done in Chinese.
They suppressed Nôm.
Other kings promoted Nôm.
In 1867, King Tu Duc issued a decree encouraging the use of Nôm.
Only a small percentage of the population was literate in any language.
But nearly every village had at least one person who could read Nôm aloud for the other villagers.
Jean-Louis Taberd wrote the first Nôm dictionary in 1838.
In 1910, the colonial school system adopted a "Franco-Vietnamese curriculum", which emphasized French and alphabetic Vietnamese.
The Vietnamese alphabet is a form of the Latin alphabet that includes tone marks.
China itself stop using Classical Chinese soon afterward as part of the May Fourth Movement.
Japan uses a mix of Chinese characters and two native phonetic writing systems.
The character 十 is pronounced as shí in Chinese romanization (pinyin), jū in Japanese romanization (Hepburn), sip in Korean romanization (Revised Romanization), and thập in the Han-Viet system used in Vietnam.
The majority of the characters used in Nôm are of Chinese origin, chosen because they have an appropriate pronunciation or meaning.
For example, the character used to write the word "Nôm" 喃 is pronounced nán in Chinese and means “chattering.”
The fit between the Chinese character and the Vietnamese word is not always exact.
In contrast, Japan developed only a few hundred kokuji, most of them describing plants and animals found only in Japan.
Korea had just a small number of rarely used gukja.
These characters were created by writers who combined pre-existing elements.
One element, called the radical, indicates the character's meaning, or at least a semantic category.
The other element, called the remainder, gives pronunciation.
This is similar to how most Chinese characters are written.
In contrast, Japanese and Korean can be written in phonetic scripts that do not indicate tone.
When a character is read as Vietnamese, it is romanized according to its Nôm reading.
When it is read as Chinese, it can be romanized into Vietnamese as Han-Viet, or into English as pinyin.
The chart below uses a darker background to display the Nôm Ideographs (V0 to V3), considered to be the core Nôm character set.
In 1994, the Ideographic Rapporteur Group agreed to include Sino-Vietnamese characters in Unicode.
In 1993-2001, the Han-Nom Institute assembled a collection of 9,299 “Nôm Ideographs" in four sets.
These are the V0, V1, V2, and V3 characters shown below.
A Sino-Vietnamese character is first assigned a V Source code, and later a codepoint.
These codes are used to transmit and store the character electronically.
An appropriate font must be installed to render them.
The Nôm Ideographs were extracted from two dictionaries published in the 1970s, one in Saigon and the other in Hanoi.
V Source annotations were added to the glyphs that were already encoded.
The rest were assigned codepoints in Extension B. The Hán Nôm Coded Character Repertoire (2008) integrates the work of the Han-Nom Institute with that of the U.S.-based Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation.
This book presents a comprehensive list of 19,981 Sino-Vietnamese characters, including the Nôm Ideographs, manuscript variants, characters formerly used by the Tay people of northern Vietnam, as well as numerous Chinese characters with Han-Viet readings.
This books lists 8,187 Nom characters.
{{citation
|author= Hoàng Triều Ân |title= Tự điển chữ Nôm Tày [Nôm of the Tay People] |publisher= Social Sciences Publishing House |location= Hanoi |year= 2003 |isbn= }}
This first Nôm dictionary.
NomNaTongLight – This font, created by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation, is based on characters found a 1933 woodblock print .
Tạp chí Hán Nôm'' [Journal of Han-Nom Studies]
It was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on August 8, 2006 in North America, September 8, 2006 in Europe, September 14, 2006 in Australia, and on September 28, 2006 in Japan.
It was also released on Microsoft Windows on September 28, 2010 in North America, September 30, 2010 in Australia, October 1, 2010 in Europe, and on October 28, 2010 in Japan.
Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist.
He is considered by other psychologists to be one of the most important psychologists of the 20th century.
He was ranked 10th among psychologists nominated for being well-known or influential.
He is known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Sándor Szokolay  (30 March 1931 – 8 December 2013) was an Hungarian composer and a professor of the Liszt Ferenc Academy, Budapest.
Szokolay was born on 30 March 1931 in Kunágota, Hungary.
He was chairman of the Hungarian Kodály Society (1978) and the Hungarian Music Camera (1991–92), and he is member of the Hungarian Széchenyi Art Academy (1992).
Szokolay died on 8 December 2013 in Sopron from pneumonia, Hungary, aged 82.
Szokolay Sándor: Sopron years (accessed at the Wayback Machine)
Evangelic Church life
Sopron walker’s book
Pearlhymn Vivat Academia 2005.
Hungarian educators
Margaret "Meg" Mundy (4 January 1915 – 12 January 2016) was an English-American actress.
She was born in London, but moved to the United States at the age of six in 1921.
She played "Mona Aldrich Croft", on The Doctors from 1971 until 1982, when the show was cancelled.
She was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards for her role as Croft.
Mundy's mother was an Australian opera singer.
Mundy was married to Mark Daniels from 1943 until they divorced in 1951.
Then she was married to Konstantinos "Dino" Yannopoulos until his death in 1985.
Mundy now lives in Manhattan, New York.
Kingdom Hearts III is a action role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix.
It is the eighth game for the Kingdom Hearts video game series.
It was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
Kingdom Hearts III is the first game in the series to be released on a Microsoft platform as it was only released on both Sony and Nintendo systems.
After years of rumors and speculation, the game was confirmed to be in development at E3 2013.
Director Tetsuya Nomura said that the game will finish the "Xehanort Saga" but that it would not be the final game in the series.
In a June 2013 interview with Famitsu, Nomura discussed the visuals that were seen in the teaser trailer.
He said that they tried to remember that the "Kingdom Hearts characters were originally paintbrush art from Disney productions, a texture that was one of our original aims, and that it was time to return to that.
So [chief creative director Takeshi] Nozue went through a series of tests, and the results are the visuals that we refer to in the team as the Kingdom Shader.
It may look like a pretty drastic change, but I see it as a rich evolution of everything we've shown you up to now."
In September 2013, producer Shinji Hashimoto said that since both Kingdom Hearts III and Final Fantasy XV are being directed by Nomura, there would be a big gap between the release of the two games, "as [they] want each game to be perfect in terms of quality."
Hashimoto repeated Nomura's statements about the game's announcement at E3 2013, and said that "the company thought it was about time it addressed speculation about the long-awaited conclusion to the trilogy."
In October 2013, Teruzane Utada, the father of singer Hikaru Utada, said that Hikaru would once again be involved in the theme song, as she did with Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II.
He later stated that it is still undecided on their involvement.
In January 2014, actor Haley Joel Osment, the English voice of Sora in the series, said that he was in talks with the development team after the announcement and said that since dialogue was one of the last parts of the process, he believed he would not begin recording until mid-2014 at the earliest.
Official Europe & North American website
Watchmen were groups of men who discouraged crime and enforced the law.
They were usually authorised by the state or government.
Watchmen have existed in many places around the world throughout history.
Today, the job of law enforcement has generally been taken over by organised police.
An early reference to a watch can be found in the Bible.
Ezekiel says that it was the watchmen's duty to sound the alarm to warn the people that they were under attack (Ezekiel 33:1-6).
The Roman Empire turned the role of a watchman into a profession.
The Vigiles was the city watch in Rome.
It was the city's police force.
In England, the Ordinance of 1233 required the appointment of watchmen.
The Assize of Arms of 1252 and the Statute of Winchester of 1285 are considered among the earliest examples of a police in England.
The Assize of Arms required that constables be appointed to call men to fight when the town was under attack.
It also required them to stop disturbances of the peace, and to take criminals to the sheriff.
By 1415, a watch was appointed to the Parliament of England.
King Henry VII appointed a watch for his house, the Tower of London, in 1485.
These watchmen became known as the Beefeaters.
David Barrie, Police in the Age of Improvement: Police Development and the Civic Tradition in Scotland, 1775-1865, Willan Publishing, 2008, .
Chapter "watching and wardning", pp.
34–41
SpaceShipOne  is a vehicle built to travel to the lower limits of outer space.
It completed the first manned private spaceflight in 2004.
That same year, it won the US$10 million Ansari X Prize and has not flown since winning.
It was carried high into the air by a specially designed plane named "White Knight".
Both vehicles were built and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures.
This was a joint project between Paul Allen and Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan's flying machine company.
Allen provided the money to build and fly SpaceShipOne, about US$25 million.
Rutan has said that ideas about the project began as early as 1994.
The full-time work towards the 2004 accomplishments took about three years.
The vehicle first flew faster than the speed of sound on December 17, 2003.
This date was also the one-hundredth anniversary of the Wright Brothers' historic first powered flight.
SpaceShipOne's first official spaceflight, was piloted by Mike Melvill.
A few days before that flight, the Mojave Air and Space Port was the first commercial spaceport licensed in the United States.
A few hours after that flight, Melvill became the first licensed U.S. commercial astronaut.
The overall project name was "Tier One".
It has evolved into Tier 1b with a goal of taking a new, but similar ship's first paying passengers into space within the next few years.
Watch Dogs (written as Watch_Dogs) is an action-adventure video game that was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft.
The game was released on 27 May 2014.
The game is available on Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Wii U.
It was revealed during Ubisoft's press conference at E3 2012.
They announced that PC is the lead platform for the game.
It was chosen as Best PC Game, Biggest Surprise and Best New Franchise of E3 2012 by IGN.
It also won People's Choice Most Exciting Game of E3 2013 by GameSpot.
Leonardo is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
He is the leader of the team of brothers and uses a sword.
He is named after Leonardo da Vinci.
Michelangelo is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
He is the comic relief of the group of brothers and uses nunchakus.
The Division of Mackellar is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.
It is named after Dorothea Mackellar, a 20th-century Australian poet.
William Wentworth IV, was the first Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, and the great-grandson of politician and explorer William Wentworth, one of the first Europeans to cross the Blue Mountains.
Bronwyn Bishop was the Speaker of the Australian House of Representativesfrom 2013 to 2015.
Division of Mackellar - Australian Electoral Commission
Donatello is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
He is the brains of the group of brothers and uses a bo staff.
He is named after Donatello, one of the Renaissance masters.
The Division of McMahon is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.
It was set up in 2010 and is named for Australian Prime Minister Sir William McMahon.
It replaced the division of Prospect.
The division covers the western suburbs of Sydney.
It includes the suburbs of Abbotsbury, Blacktown (part), Bossley Park, Canley Vale, Cecil Park, Eastern Creek, Edensor Park, Erskine Park, Fairfield, Fairfield Heights, Fairfield West, Greenfield Park, Greystanes, Horsley Park, Kemps Creek, Merrylands (part), Merrylands West, Mount Vernon, Orchard Hills, Pemulwuy, Prairiewood, Prospect, Smithfield, South Wentworthville (part), St Clair and Wetherill Park.
Division of McMahon - Australian Electoral Commission
The Airbus A350 XWB (XWB standing for Extra Wide Body) is a type of airplane built by European aerospace company Airbus.
It is a long-ranged aircraft with two engines and a wide body.
It is said that the plane is able to hold and transport 250-350 passengers in a first class, business class, and economy class or a normal 3-class setting.
On January 15, 2015, the A350-900 entered service with Qatar Airways, and the A350-1000 in February 24, 2018 with the same airline.
A350-900 (A359)
The A350-1000 is a wide body twin engined aircraft made by Airbus.
It can hold more than 400 passengers when arranged in an all economy class configuration.
It is currently operated by Qatar airways and Cathay Pacific.
Soon other airlines will use this aircraft such as British Airways and Virgin Atlantic.
Its first flight was on the 24 November 2016.
Alfriston (pronounced All-friston) is a village and civil parish in the Sussex district of Wealden, England.
The village is in the valley of the River Cuckmere, about four miles (6 km) north-east of Seaford and south of the main A27 trunk road and part of the large area of Polegate.
Alfriston has a population of 764.
The Dipodidae are a family of small to medium-sized rodents living in the northern hemisphere.
The family has over 50 species in 16 genera.
They include the jerboas, jumping mice, and birch mice.
Different species are found in grassland, deserts, and forests.
They are all capable of saltation, which is jumping from a bipedal stance.
This feature is most highly evolved in the desert-dwelling jerboas.
Their movement resembles that of kangaroos more than that of true mice.
A personal defense weapon (PDW) is usually defined as a light, compact and easy to use firearm.
However the definition varies depending on context and who you ask.
Many will still say it is a Short-barreled rifle (SBR).
These are regulated in the United States by the ATF.
Many SBRs are available as selective fire (can switch between semi-automatic or fully automatic fire).
The United States Department of Homeland Security defines a personal defense weapon as an M4 carbine (or a Colt AR-15 civilian semi-automatic rifle).
Some governments' definition of PDWs includes handguns.
An example is the Czech Republic which has proposed a constitutional amendment that would allow its citizens to own and keep PDWs as a way to discourage terrorists.
Regardless, a PDW is usually agreed upon as being somewhere between a submachine gun and an assault rifle.
In the 1980s, the term was used for troops in tight, confined environments.
They needed a compact automatic weapon that could defeat body armor.
It was designed for troops in tanks, military trucks and those operating from aircraft including pilots.
The majority of soldiers do not take part in an infantry battle.
Their jobs are usually to support the infantry.
Their main role is not winning a fight, but often to escape an ambush.
In other situations they may assist the infantry.
PDWs are also used by bodyguards as they can be hidden under a jacket but still allowed good firepower.
PDWs tend to be shorter range weapons.
The term evolved as concealed carry became more popular, especially in places like the United States.
Certain states in the United States make carrying a firearm for personal defense relatively easy while others make it more difficult.
Also, quite a few other countries allow concealed carry, to various degrees.
Pistols, especially compact models, are very popular self defense weapons today.
Also, there are now a number of pistols available in rifle calibers.
Alternative self-defense weapons
In places where a firearm cannot be carried or the person chooses not to carry a firearm, there are other weapons they can carry.
Common items such as a credit card, car keys, a pen or even a scarf can be effective self defense weapons.
Because of the popularity of self defense, there are also specially designed non-lethal weapons designed not to look like weapons.
Self Defense Weapons (Non Lethal?);
Firearms Facts: Personal Defense Weapons; YouTube
Swinton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, a county in England.
11,701 people lived in Swinton in 2011.
Swinton has a secondary school called Swinton Community School.
The school has a sixth form.
Simon Green (born 30 March 1976), known as Bonobo, is a British electronic musician.
He released his first album Animal Magic in 2000 on the record label Tru Thoughts.
It was then released again by Ninja Tune in 2001.
He became successful in 2013 when he released his fifth album The North Borders.
Erykah Badu sung on one of the songs on the album.
Bonobo's song "Ketto" was used in the Citroën C4 Picasso car advertisement in 2007.
John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), known professionally as John Legend, is an American singer and songwriter.
Legend has won nine Grammy Awards.
He has worked with a number of established musicians before signing to Kanye West in 2004.
His first album, Get Lifted, was released by GOOD Music (an imprint founded by rapper Kanye West) in 2004.
It won the 2006 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album.
In 2006, Legend released his second album Once Again.
In 2008, he released his third album Evolver.
Three songs on the album were produced by will.i.am.
Brandy sung on the third song.
The single "Heaven" won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.
In 2010, Wake Up!,
an album of songs by Legend and The Roots, was released.
Legend released his fourth album, Love in the Future, in 2013.
It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. "
All of Me" was released as a single from the album.
It reached number one in Australia, Canada, and the US.
Legend is a feminist.
He married model Chrissy Teigen in 2013.
Their daughter, Luna Simone Stephens, was born on April 14, 2016.
Teigen and Legend's second child, Miles Theodore Stephens, was born on May 16, 2018.
James Blake Litherland (born 26 September 1988), known as James Blake, is an English singer-songwriter and electronic music producer.
In 2013 Blake was nominated for a Grammy Award for the first time.
He was nominated for Best New Artist.
Blake was born in London.
He went to The Latymer School.
Blake released his first album James Blake on 4 February 2011.
Pitchfork gave it a score of 9 out of 10.
On 5 April 2013, Blake released his second album Overgrown.
Brian Eno produced the song "Digital Lion".
On October 30th 2013, Overgrown won the Mercury Prize.
Kathleen Anne Brien (born 8 May 1989), better known as Katy B, is an English singer and songwriter.
She released her first album On a Mission  on April 1, 2011.
It was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize.
Katy was born in Peckham, London.
Her next album Little Red will be released in February 2014.
She released the second single from it, "5 AM", on 4 November 2013.
It reached number fourteen in the UK Singles Chart.
"I Want You Back" is a 1969 single by The Jackson 5.
It was The Jackson 5's first release on Motown.
It has sold six million copies.