the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The college was built by Clare College to make it easier for people who are not students anymore to come back to university and do further education.
This is why the college has many facilities for families and for sports.
Corpus Christi College (full name:The College of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary) is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It was built in 1352 and is special because it was created by local people living in Cambridge, not by royals or nobles as most of the other colleges.
It is one of the smallest colleges with about 450 students.
Corpus Christi College has the oldest court in Europe, Old Court, finished in 1356.
The New Court, that also has the chapel (small church), was built in 1827.
On the corner of the student's library there is the Corpus Clock, a clock made of gold which has a very complicated mechanism.
The clock is visible on the main street of Cambridge, King's Parade.
The college has another library, the Parker library, that has very old and precious books.
In logic, ipse dixit is known as the bare assertion fallacy.
One form of the fallacy may be summarized as follows:
Fact 1: X claims statement A.
Fact 2: X claims that X is not lying.
Conclusion: Therefore, A is true or false or whatever X claims it is.
A bare assertion denies that an issue is debatable.
In other words, that's just the way it is.
In Alice in Wonderland, the problem of ipse dixit is explained by example.
"The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things."
Ipse dixit is used to identify and describe a dogmatic statement which the speaker expects the listener to accept as valid.
Ipse dixit is a sort of arbitrary dogmatism.
The only proof we have of the fact is that this person said it.<ref>[http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?selected=1027 "Ipse dixit at Law.com]; retrieved 2012-12-10.</ref>
The theory of ipse dixit involves that an unproven statement that the speaker claims is true because it was uttered by "an authority" on the subject.
The opinion may carry some weight based solely on the authority or standing of the person said it.
In the De natura deorum (On the Nature of the Gods), the Roman writer Cicero (106–43 BC) coined the term ipse dixit as an error in law.
Cicero was describing the students of Pythagoras.
Jeremy Bentham changed the term ipse-dixit into the word ipse-dixitism.
He created this term to apply to political arguments.
Ipse dixit is made specific in American law.
For example, in a 1997 case, the US Supreme Court recognized the problem of "opinion evidence which is connected to existing data only by the ipse dixit'' of an expert".
Darwin College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It was built in 1964, and it was the first college to have both men and women as students.
The college has about 650 students: they are all postgraduate since Darwin does not allow undergraduates.
The name comes from the famous scientist Charles Darwin and his family.
Some very famous people have studied here, like Elizabeth Blackburn.
She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in medicine.
Downing College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It was built in 1800 and has around 650 students.
The name comes from Sir George Downing, who left money and land in his will to build a college when he died in 1749.
However, not everyone in the family agreed with this.
So, for many years until 1800 there were fights in courts until the judges decided that the will should be followed.
Rawle, Tim, A Classical Adventure: The Architectural History of Downing College, Cambridge, Cantabrigia, Oxbridge Portfolio, 2015,
He is shown as having his eyes closed or covering them completely.
Höðr is associated as the god of winter and the cold as well as being the god of darkness, unlike his brother Baldr, who is god of light.
The only source of information of him thus far is when he is seen as being manipulated and tricked by Loki, and therefore accidentally killing his brother Baldr by throwing a shaft of mistletoe and piercing him in the heart.
Höðr's sworn enemy is Váli, who is born to avenge his brother's death by killing Höðr.
It was said that after Ragnarök, Höðr and Baldr shall survive to rule alongside each other.
The Power Within is the fifth studio album by DragonForce.
It was released on April 11, 2012 in Japan and on April 15, 2012 worldwide.
It is the first album to have Mark Hudson on vocals.
Marc Hudson – Vocals
The John Hancock Tower, also called Hancock Place, The Hancock Tower, or The Hancock, is a 60-story, 790-foot (241 m) skyscraper in Boston.
It was named for the John Hancock Insurance company.
The tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb and was completed in 1976.
It has been the tallest building in Boston for more than 30 years.
It is also the tallest building in New England.
Its street address is 200 Clarendon Street.
At first, John Hancock Insurance primarily used the building, but after 2004, some offices moved to a new building.
The John Hancock Tower was designed in 1972.
It is a glass monolith.
It was made in the minimalist and the modernist skyscraper design.
The largest panes of glass possible were used.
There are no spandrel panels, and very few mullions.
The floor plan has a parallelogram shape.
The window glass is tinted slightly blue.
The tower has an observation deck that was a famous attraction.
However, the observation deck was closed after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
In 2006, Broadway Partners bought Hancock Place for $1.3 billion.
By 2009, they had defaulted on the loans they used to buy the building, and it was forclosed.
On March 30, 2009, Hancock Place was sold at auction for $660 million to a consortium of "Normandy Real Estate Partners" and "Five Mile Capital Partners".
In October 2010, Boston Properties bought the John Hancock Tower for $930 million.
Oct. 15, 1973. "
Those Window Pains" , TIME.
Harl P. Aldrich, James R. Lambrechts (Fall 1986). "
Back Bay Boston, Part II: Groundwater Levels ", Civil Engineering Practice, Volume 1, Number 2.
John Hancock, for whom John Hancock Insurance was named
Prudential Tower for an image of the Boston skyline from Cambridge in 1963, with the old 26-story Hancock building a conspicuous landmark.
library-towers John Hancock Tower
Architecture Week  When Bad Things Happen to Good Buildings
The Perfect Skyscraper The Perfect Skyscraper
Special Report on the Boston Globe; "The Hancock at 30" includes 4 audio slideshows
Globe Critic, Robert Campbell, on the problems of the John Hancock Tower
So, what should we call the John Hancock Tower now? (
photos of construction)
The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC.
He came to Athens at a young age and studied in Plato's school.
After Plato's death, he attached himself to Aristotle.
Aristotle bequeathed to Theophrastus his writings and designated him as his successor at the Lyceum.
Theophrastus led the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years, during which time the school flourished greatly.
After his death, the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral.
His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus.
JYJ (formerly known as Junsu/Jejung/Yuchun in Japan) is a boy group made up of three members who are formed by the former members of South Korean group TVXQ, in 2010.
JYJ members are Jaejoong, Yuchun, and Junsu.
Their group name is taken from the first letter of each member's name.
The group has released two studio albums so far.
Because they were at law with SM entertainment, JYJ did many concert over the world after 2010.
2009: Before debut as JYJ, lawsuit against SM entertainment
On July 31, 2009, the three TVXQ members who became JYJ, filed a lawsuit against SM entertainment.
They argued that the their contracts' period was too long for 13-year length excluding the military service and that the profit distribution was disadvantageous towards the artists.
So they maintained their contracts should be invalidated.
In addition, the former three TVXQ members applied for an injunction that was the same as the lawsuit to engage their entertainment activities.
The Seoul Central District Court in October 2009 ruled in favor of JYJ affirming their right to independently engage in entertainment activities and granted JYJ's injunction suspending the JYJSM entertainment contract.
2010: Debut as JYJ, Japan tour and The Beginning
JYJ members who were known as Junsu/Jejung/Yuchun in Japan continued their entertainment activities for over half a year after the filing of the injunction until their Japanese agency, Avex, announced a group hiatus in 2010.
At Japan, JYJ performed the live concerts, Thanksgiving live in Dome concerts in June.
They also had performances at the nationwide a-nation tour throughout August.
JYJ's debut album, The..., was released in September 2010, and debuted at number one on Oricon albums charts in the first week.
JYJ released their worldwide debut album, The beginning, on October 12 with "Ayyy Girl" as a lead track.
JYJ promoted their new album, The beginning, through the worldwide showcase tour in South Korea, Southes Asia, and the United States.
On November 27 and 28, they performed JYJ Worldwide Concert in Seoul, two-day concerts that were held at Seoul's Jamsil Olympic Stadium.
2011: In Heaven and The first Worldwide Tour
JYJ released their Korean EP, Their Rooms "Our Story" on January 25, 2011 in the format of a "music essay".
In the spring of 2011, JYJ performed their first Worldwide concert Tours that were held in Thailand, Taiwan, China, Canada, and the United States.
They finished their fist Worldwide concert tours with performing two special encore concerts in South Korea on June.
In September, JYJ released their first Korean studio album entitled In Heaven.
2012-present: Fan event and The end of lawsuit against SM entertainment
In January 2012, C-JeS announced two more concert dates, with Santiago, Chile being March 9 and Lima, Peru March 11.
JYJ's first Worldwide concer tour came to the end in South America.
On February 23, JYJ released a 90-minute film titled The Day.
It is a documentary film featuring their daily lives and dreams and a kind of fan events.
Starting on June 28, JYJ held the first and the largest-scale international fan fair for free in South Korea.
This event was the big event expressing JYJ's thanks for fans and was opened for 4 days—from June 28 to July 1—at SETEC (Seoul Trade Exhibition & Conventions) at Hak Yeo Ul station.
This membership week included photographic and video-based exhibitions of the band, as well as two sets of fan meetings.
Because of great fan's cheering, JYJ's representative C-JeS Entertainment announced that this Membership Week event will be held annually.
On 28 November 2012, during a voluntary arbitration at the Seoul Central District Court, SM Entertainment and JYJ have reached a mutual agreement to terminate all contracts between the two parties and not to interfere with each other's activities in the future.
At last, concluding the three years and four months, exclusive contract lawsuit came to the end.
The beginning (2010)
In heaven (2011)
Just Us (2014)
Thanksgiving Live in Dome (2011)
The... (2010)
Their rooms "Our Story" (2011)
Thanksgiving Live in Dome  (2010)
JYJ Worldwide Concert in Seoul (2011)
3hree Voices (2010)
3hree Voices II (2011)
Come On Over (2011)
The Commodores are an American funk and soul music group.
They were most popular in the 1970s and 1980s.
The band was formed in 1968 in Tuskegee, Alabama.
They are signed with Motown.
Their hit songs include Three Times a Lady, Easy and Brick House.
During the early times, Lionel Richie sang with the Commodores.
Cops is an American documentary-styled television reality show which follows police officers, constables and deputies during patrols and other activities which began in March 1989 and has been aired in many countries.
The show is broadcasted through Fox and has been shown in over 100 cities in the United States.
Every episode is about twenty two minutes long.
The show was cancelled due to the George Floyd protests.
Hydrophone is a microphone which is used to measure sound under water.
It uses an echolocation system.
You would use a hydrophone if you wanted to examine the sound of  fish or maybe if you wanted to listen to find out if there is any sea creature in this part of the ocean.
Using several hydrophones make the sound better by making it louder and making it able to reach further distances it is even possible to listen in a specific direction.
The first hydrophone was used by Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian inventor in 1914.
Narva is the third biggest city in Estonia.
Around 64,000 people were living in Narva as of January 2011.
Danish people established Narva in 1223.
Narvan kaupunki
Rochester is a town in Medway, North Kent.
It is famous for Rochester Cathedral.
The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.
Medway (commonly called the Medway Towns) is a large urban area in North Kent, near South East London.
It has around a quarter of a million people.
The Medway Towns are made up of 5 towns: Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham.
It is named after the River Medway.
Karhu (in english "The Bear") is Finnish brand of beer.
It is the most popular beer in Finland.
Its history begins in 1920, in Pori.
Production of Karhu stopped in the early 1930s, but continued again from 1958.
Karhu III (4,6 %), launched 1961
Karhu A (5,4 %)
Tosi Vahva Karhu (Very Strong Bear) (8%), launched 1999
Karhu III, 1 litran tölkki (4,6 %)
Karhu Tumma (Dark Bear) I ( 2.8%)
Karhu Ruis ( 4.6% / 6,0%)
Kruskal's algorithm is a greedy algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree in a weighted, undirected graph.
Joseph Kruskal first described it in 1956:
Greedy algorithms
Gillingham is a large town in Medway, North Kent.
It has around 105,000 people, and a football team, Gillingham F.C..
Koff is Finnish brand of beer.
Koff is one of the most popular beers in Finland.
It is made by Sinebrychoffs, a Finnish company that advertices lager beers.
Koff I (2,5 %)
Koff III (4,5 %)
Koff IVA (5,2 %)
Koff Extra Brew III (4,5 %)
Koff Extra Brew IV (5,2 %)
Koff Lite (4,2 %)
Koff.fi
Olvi is Finnish brand of beer.
Olvi is mostly made from Finnish ingredients, besides Humulus lupulus, which is from Bavaria.
The Olvi web site
en:Olvi
Lapin Kulta is Finnish, Hartwalls brand of beer.
Traditionally it's been made in Tornio but 2010 production moved to Lahti.
Lapin Kulta I
Lapin Kulta III
Lapin Kulta IVA (5,2 %)
Lapin Kulta Long Neck
Lapin Kulta Tuisku
'A Werewolf Boy' is a South Korean fantasy romance movie.
It did well at the box office in 2012.
The movie has been a huge box-office success by drawing audiences totaling 6,600,000 people in less than two months.
The movie's lyrical atmosphere and the performance of the stars caught audiences’ eyes.
The movie starts with a flashback told by a grandmother, Suni.
When a girl, Suni, lived in an isolated mountain village for her recuperation in 1965.
A boy who looks like a beggar suddenly appeared.
Nobody knows his origin, his family and how old he is.
He cannot speak.
He only growls like an aniimal.
At first, Suni and can't get used to his strange behavior such as eating food with his hands ravenously.
They grow fond of him gradually, so they named the boy Chulsu.
Jitae, who is a landlord of the house Suni is living, loves her.
He begrudges Chulsu being close to Suni.
With experts and old documents, Jitae found out that Chulsu was one of the abandoned children in the Korean war.
Now he is a kind of werewolf boy.
He is genetically modified by a scientist to make a more powerful soldier.
Jitae slandered Chulsu because Chulsu has extreme strength unlike a normal human being.
His body temperature is 46 degrees Celsius.
Because of Jitae’s lies, people try to kill Chul-su to protect themselves.
Suni decides to leave the village to keep him from being injured.
After 47 years, when Suni visits the village to sell the house, she sees Chulsu again.
She is moved by his long waiting.
Chulsu reads a fairy tale book to Suni which they promised to read together 47 years ago.
However, she has to leave him again and return to America.
She leaves a message "Wait for me."
again as she did when she was young.
Chulsu waits for her believing that she will come back again someday.
The main actor, Song Joong-ki is a famous Korean actor.
He achieves popularity through various kinds of movies and dramas.
For example, SungKyunKwan Scandle, Deep-rooted tree, The innocent Man and Hearty Paws 2.
The main actress, Park Bo-young, is also a widely loved actress who made a big name through the movie Speedy Scandle.
Both of them rose to more fame with the movie A Werewolf Boy.
This is the song Suni sings to the accompaniment of a guitar for Chulsu in the movie.
By seeing her singing mellifluously, Chulsu fell in love with her.
Official site of the movie A Werewolf Boy
Official site in English
Mega, whose letters stand for Red Televisiva Megavisión, is a Chilean television network.
Chilevisión, whose letters stand for Red de Televisión Chilevisión, is a Chilean television network.
Coloratura is a term meaning florid singing in which singers demonstrate great agility with their voices.
Although often associated with light sopranos, it can apply to any voice type such as tenor, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, especially in the bel canto repertoire.
High Intensity Training (HIT) is a form of strength training popularized in the 1970s by Arthur Jones.
HIT focuses on performing quality weight training repetitions to the point of momentary muscular failure.
The training takes into account the number of repetitions, the amount of weight, and the amount of time the muscle is exposed to muscle tension in order to maximize the amount of muscle fiber recruitment.
Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #1
Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #2
What is High Intensity Training?
The Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora (or "Beth Hatefutsoth") is an history and anthropology museum in Tel Aviv, Israel.
It is dedicated to the Jewish communities around the world.
The museum was established in 1978 after 10 years of building.
The museum is a part of the Tel Aviv University campus and also has an educational center to study Jewish folklore.
The museum is also a center to documenting and preserving the memory of Jews and Jewish families who have been killed or destroyed in anti-Semitic incidents.
Museum of Jewish Diaspora - Beit Hatefusoth  at ilMuseums.com
Tracing History in Israel - slideshow by The New York Times
International Institute for Terrorism Research or International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) is an international non-profit research center located in Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Israel.
The center explores terrorism in Israel and around the world and organizes international meetings with politicians from around the world.
The  was a Japanese natural disaster in the Kantō region of the island of Honshū.
The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.
It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes.
This earthquake destroyed Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka.
It caused widespread damage.
About 140,000 people died.
Great Kanto Earthquake photos
Great Kanto earthquake at British Pathé
Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 at Brown University
USGS Earthquake Lists
1920s in Japan
Tom Daley (born 21 May 1994) is an English diver.
He was born in Plymouth, Devon.
He mainly dives from the 10 metre platform, both on his own and in synchro (diving at the same time with another person).
He became the World Champion at the age of 15 in 2009.
Daley went to the 2008 Summer Olympics where he was the youngest athlete for Britain.
He also went to the 2012 Summer Olympics where he came third in the 10 metre platform event.
He has won many other medals.
For example, at the 2010 Commonwealth Games he won two golds in the 10 metre platform: one for the individual event, the other for the synchro event with Peter Waterfield.
He grew up in Eggbuckland, Plymouth with his mother Debbie, father Rob and two younger brothers, Ben and Will.
He went to school at the Thruston Primary School in Plymouth and later went to Plymouth College.
He started swimming when he was 3, and diving when he was 7.
He did his first international competition when he was 11.
In 2013, he stated that he is in a relationship with a man.
In 2014, he stated that he is gay.
Emmanuel College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It was built in 1584 and has around 650 students.
Emmanuel has the tradition of doing very well in the exams.
In 2006, the Dean of Emmanuel College said that same-sex couples can have civil partnerships at Emmanuel's Chapel.
This made it the first in the Church of England to allow this.
Fitzwilliam College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It is often called Fitz from the students.
It was created in 1966, but it is based on earlier student groups and associations.
These began in 1869 with the idea of helping poor people to study at Cambridge.
Today the college has around 750 students and is one of the largest.
Fitzwilliam has the tradition of doing quite well in the sports.
Girton College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England.
It was built in 1869 and it was the first college for women.
It was given official status only in 1948, when women were allowed in the university.
In 1976, it started allowing men too.
The college has about 700 students.
The college is about 2.5 miles (4 km) away from the university town.
It takes the name from the village where it is found, Girton.
The Federation of Genealogical Societies is a non-profit organization and consortium of Genealogy Societies.
Its headquarters are located in Austin, Texas in the United States.
It works with genealogy organizations around the world.
FGS Blog
FGS 2011 Conference, September 7-10, 2011
FGS Society Hall
Pendulum are an Australian/British drum and bass duo from Perth, Western Australia.
The duo consists of Paul Harding and Ben Mount.
The band was created in 2002 by Rob Swire, Gareth McGrillen, and Paul Harding.
The live members of the band left in 2012 to focus on other projects with Swire and McGrillen leaving to create the band Knife Party.
The DJ set for the band is still active though.
They released their debut album Hold Your Colour on 25 July 2005.
Their second album In Silico was released on May 12, 2008 in Europe and on May 13, 2008 in North America.
They released their final studio album Immersion with the live band on 21 May 2010.
Hold Your Colour (2005)
In Silico (2008)
Immersion (2010)
Ryan Longwell (born August 16, 1974) was an NFL kicker from 1997-2012.
He went to college in California.
He played for the Green Bay Packers and the Minnesota Vikings.
His jersey number was 8.
Pro Football Reference
Jovan Belcher (July 24, 1987 – December 1, 2012) was an American football player.
He was a line backer in the NFL for the Kansas City Chiefs.
He was a student at the University of Maine.
He played in the NFL from 2009 until his death.
Pro-Football Reference
Ted Bulley (born March 25, 1955) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player.
He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) player from 1976 to 1984.
He played the left wing position.
He was born in Windsor, Ontario in Canada.
For most of his career he played for the Chicago Blackhawks.
Hockey-Reference
Bunny Roser (November 15, 1901 – May 6, 1979) was a former baseball player for the Boston Braves.
He was a left fielder.
He died in Rocky Hill, Connecticut at the age of 77.
Baseball-Reference
Mutant is a 1983 American horror movie that was directed by John Cardos and Mark Rosman.
The film has zombies in it.
It stars Wings Hauser.
All-Rovi
1983 horror movies
There are four fundamental forces, sometimes called fundamental interactions.
The forces are called fundamental because there is no simpler way for physicists to understand what the forces do or how they do it (their action).
They are called interactions because the action of one object on another is matched by a reaction from the other.
The gravitational force is described by Einstein's general theory of relativity and is understood to be due to the curvature of spacetime by the mass of matter.
The electromagnetic force is due to electric charge.
Charge causes electric force and movement of charge causes magnetic force.
The strong force binds protons and neutrons together and also keeps the nuclei of atoms together.
The weak force causes beta decay.
A complete description of the forces requires advanced physics.
The Standard Model explains
three of these forces (electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force).
Most physicists think that these become a single force under very high temperatures.
This idea is known as the grand unification theory.
From the future to the past
In the future, new forces may explain dark energy and dark matter.
We may also get a Theory of everything that explains the four known fundamental forces.
Even if we first unify the three forces of the Standard Model, we may continue to think of those forces as fundamental.
This is what happened when theoretical physicists unified electromagnetism and the weak interaction with
Once nuclear force was explained by color charge, it was seen not to be fundamental.
Nuclear force was a theory to explain how photons could stay close together in the nucleus when their like electric charge would make them move apart, if not overcome by a stronger force.
The Platt Amendment was an amendment made in 1901 to a resolution of the United States Congress.
It said that all treaties with Cuba had to be approved by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. had the right to interfere in Cuba's affairs if order broke down within Cuba.
It also declared Guantánamo Bay to be U.S. territory.
The Cuban–American Treaty of Relations of 1903 said the same things.
Bob Lloyd Schieffer (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist and news anchor for 60 Minutes and for CBS Evening News.
He was the moderator for Face the Nation for twenty-four years, from 1991 to 2015.
He won six Emmy Awards.
Schieffer was born on February 25, 1937 in Austin, Texas.
He studied at the Texas Christian University.
Schieffer is married to Patricia Penrose.
He now lives in Washington, D.C. and in Austin, Texas.
Biography – Bob Schieffer  CBS News
Bob Schieffer Notable Names Database
Bob Schieffer School of Journalism Texas Christian University
Wakeboarding is a water sport that involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water.
The rider is usually towed behind a motorboat.
This sport, that appeared in the beginning of the eighties, has been inspired by surfing, water skiing and snowboarding.
To practice wakeboarding, a boat, a rope and a board are necessary.
If the rider wants to do bigger jumps or tricks, he needs a tower.
The waves created by the boat act like a ski jump for the surfer.
In 1985, Tonny Finn, a surfer, marketed the "Skurfer".
It was a board inspired by surfing and water skiing.
The "Skurfer" was thick and it had an aileron at his back.
In 1995, it was the apparition of the "twin tips".
The principle of this board has still used today.
The "twin tips" has one or more ailerons in its back and its front.
In 2004, the first magazine dedicated to the wakeboard, Unleashed Wakeboard Magazine, was published in France.
Characteristics of equipment
Boat: The speed of the boat should be from 28 to 35 kilometers.
Boots: these have an important role, because they are responsible for the control and performance of the surfer.
Also, they have to be as comfortable as possible.
Rope: The best length for the rope is between 16 and 24 meters.
Board: There are two different kinds of wakeboards; the "surf" or the "twin tips".
The first one is an asymmetric board that is suitable for beginners.
The "twin tips" board is more used than the type "surf" because it allows more difficult jumps.
Normally, the size of the board is about 130-147 cm by 45 cm.
The Chicago Water Tower is a Chicago and U.S. historical place tower that is 154 feet (47 m) tall.
The tower is believed to be the only tower to survive the Great Chicago Fire in 1871.
It is the only tower to be in the fire zone to survive.
The building is the symbol of Old Chicago.
The tower was built in 1869.
The building became a National Historic Landmark in 1975.
Albertus Magnus, O.P. (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint.
He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion.
James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages, an opinion supported by contemporaries such as Roger Bacon.
Magnus was born into a rich German family, in Swabia, in about 1200.
He attended Padua University, in Italy.
He was very knowledgeable about Sciences, and he wrote about chemistry, geometry, astronomy, physiology.
He promoted Aristotle's writings.
He later became Master of Theology, which is the study of religion and God, in the University of Paris.
He also created a school in Cologne, in 1248.
Magnus died on November 15, 1280, in Cologne, Germany.
250 years after his death, he was named a Saint because he helped and contributed to the Catholic Church.
1280 deaths
Antônio Carlos Jobim (25 January 1927 – 8 December 1994) was a Brazilian musician of the 20th century.
He was a songwriter, composer, singer and pianist/guitarist.
He and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre of music.
He is a co-creator of bossa nova.
He is widely known as the composer of "The girl from Ipanema".
The representative album Wave counts among his major works.
Besides, He created much great bossa nova music.
His songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists and loved by people.
His life and music
Antônio Carlos Jobim was born in the Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro.
He came from a prominent family.
After his parents separated, he was raised in Ipanema.
At the age of ten, he started to play piano and compose.
His life as a musician began at the age of 20.
As a 20-year-old, Jobim earned his living by playing in night clubs before achieving success.
Jobim made his name as a musician when he teamed up with poet and diplomat Vinícius de Moraes to write the music for the play Orfeu de Conceição (1956).
That time, A Felicidade, Frevo, and Nosso Amor were composed.
A key event in making Jobim's music known in the world was his collaboration with saxophonist Stan Getz, João Gilberto.
Especially Jobim wrote many of the songs with Getz/Gilberto, which became one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time.
His songs "The Girl from Ipanema" and "Corcovado" also became sensations.
Getz/Gilberto won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. "
The Girl from Ipanema" won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1965.
Jobim is one of the most important songwriters of the 20th century.
Jobim's song has sophisticated harmonic structures.
Some of his melodic twists, like the melody insisting on the major seventh of the chord, became common use in jazz and easy listening music after him.
Jobim was hospitalised in New York City from a urinary tract infection in late November 1994.
He underwent surgery on 2 December 1994, and while recovering developed a pulmonary embolism.
He died from cardiac arrest at the hospital on six days later on 8 December at the age of 67.
Bossa nova is a type of Brazilian music.
Bossa nova means literally "new trend".
Antonio Carlos Jobim and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre.
The first bossa nova single to achieve international popularity was "The Girl From Ipanema".
The bossa nova musical style evolved from samba but is more complex harmonically and less percussive.
Joachim Ernst Berendt, the writer of a jazz book, said that bossa nova is a combination of samba and cool jazz.
The influence on bossa nova of jazz styles is often debated, but a similar "cool sensibility" is apparent.
Bossa nova is usually performed on classical guitar and piano.
It often performed with percussion and strings.
Charles Bridge is the oldest stone bridge in Europe.
It had been constructed from 1357 to 1400.
Until 1841, this was the only bridge to connect old street of Prague.
It also played an very important role as the trade route between East and West zone of Prague.
At first, it was called just "Stone Bridge" or "Praha Bridge."
But it had the name of "Charles Bridge" since 1870.
The bridge is 516 meters in length and 10 meters in width.
Also, it has 16 arches.
At a railing of the bridge, there are thirty sculptures of saint who are famous in the Bible and History.
Except the sculpture of "Jan Hus", all of sculptures are made of sandstone.
Some sculptures were made in the "Age of Baroque" but most of sculptures were imitated.
There has been legends about this bridge.
One legend says that if a person touches the statue of Sanctus Loannes Nepomucenus saying the hope, the hope will come true.
This is because Nepomucenus was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia.
But one day king wanted to know what the queen confessed.
This was because the king had a doubt that the queen had an affair with another man.
However, Nepomucenus did not tell anything to king and resisted to the bitter end.
So the king made Nepomucenus fall in the river.
So Nepomucenus got drowned.
However, He was respected as the Saint right after his death.
Gamla Stan is an old section of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.
Gamla Stan consists of three islands, Stadsholmen, Riddarholmen and Helgeandsholmen.
The main buildings such as the National Assembly Building, the royal palace and the Cathedral are located here.
Gamla Stan whose meaning is "Old Town" is known to be built first in 13th century.
Thus, there are a lot of old buildings in Gamla Stan and they were built in 17th or 18th century.
They have very long history.
After crossing the bridge in front of Royal Swedish Opera theater, there is the National Assembly Building.
This building is the entrance of Gamla Stan and connects the old town, Gamla Stan, and the new town.
The royal palace is just after the entrance and there are a lot of buildings which make you feel like in middle ages.
The center of Gamla Stan is Stortorget square.
This square has a sad history.
Christian II killed more than 80 of the leading members of Sweden and buried their necks in the well.
This is called the Stockholm massacre.
In this square, there are Nobel Museum in one side and buildings built from 13th century to 19th century.
Also, a lot of shops are placed in narrow alleyways.
Up north from the square, the stock exchange built in 1776 and the Sweden Academy headquarters which selects the Nobel Prize winner are located.
In addition, there are a lot of famous tourist spots, such as Morten Trozigsgrand, which is the narrowest alley in Gamla Stan and as wide as 90cm, and the German Church.
Since Gamla Stan preserves the image of middle ages very well, it can be one of the most famous tourist places in Sweden.
Northern Europe, World Tour
Cristián de la Fuente Sabarots (born 10 March 1974) is a Chilean actor.
He studied mechanical engineering in Puerto Rico.
He loves sports very much.
At first, he was a model.
He started acting in small roles in television series and movies.
Internationally, he became famous with the movie Driven, from 2001.
Today, de la Fuente Sabarots lives in Los Angeles.
He is married, and has a daughter.
The Kia Tigers is a professional baseball team in South Korea.
The team started in 1982 with the name of Haitai Tigers.
Haitai sold the team to Kia in 2001.
They won the Korean Series 9 times as Haitai Tigers (1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997).
They won again in 2009 and 2017.
Winning 11 times is the top record among all Korean baseball teams.
They never lost the Korean Series so far.
Their main stadium was the Mudeung Baseball Stadium in Gwangju from 1982 to 2013, and is now the Gwangju-Kia Champions Field, also in Gwangju.
1982 - 1997
The Haitai Tigers was the third professional baseball team in Korea, following OB Bears (currently Doosan Bears) and MBC Blue Dragons (currently LG Twins).
It started on January 30, 1982 with only 14 players and the manager.
In 1983, the team hired Kim Eung-ryong as manager and they won the Korean Series for the first time.
After the team signed Sun Dong-yeol in 1985, the Haitai Tigers Dynasty started.
They won the Korean Series for 4 straight years (1986-1989).
Another superstar, Lee Jong-beom, made his debut in 1993.
He won the Korean Series MVP in his debut season.
From 1982 to 1997, the team won the Korean Series 9 times.
2001 - Now
Kia took over the baseball team and the name was changed to Kia Tigers.
Lee Jong-beom returned from Japan and he was retired in 2012.
In 2005, the Kia Tigers ended the season in the lowest place for the first time ever.
However, in 2009, the team won the Korean Series with Na Ji-wan's dramatic walk-off home-run in the last game.
It was the first victory after 1997 and as Kia Tigers.
In 2012, Sun Dong-yeol, the legendary superstar in Tigers, became the manager of the team, but failed to make the team reach the postseason for 3 years.
Key players
An audio mixer is device which is used to mix several sounds together.
The user can control the volume on each channel or sound source to be as loud as they want.
The amount of channels may vary depending on the mixer.
Different sources may be used such as microphones, sound cards and CD players.
Usually mixers have pre-amplifiers for microphones and inputs may be balanced.
It is a device that allows you to edit the pitch and other aspects of sound.
Each channel has their own volume control but also there is main volume control that changes all channels the same way.
Some mixers will also have an equaliser.
Seoul International Fireworks Festival is the one of the biggest festivals held in Seoul held by Hanwha group , Korean corporation.
In 2000, it was held to wish for successful World Cup 2002 near Yeouido.
After that, it has been held annually with Italian, Chinese, American and Korean teams except for 2001, 2006, 2009.
In 2001, it was cancelled due to the September 11 attacks.
In 2006, it could not be held because North Korea carried out a nuclear test, and in 2009, because of influenza A. The latest festival was held in October 6, 2012, which gathered more than 120 million people.
The Hanwha Group spends about 1500-million won for the fireworks festival.
Each team spends about 200 million won every year.
People do not pay any fee to enjoy the festival.
As time passes, more and more people are gathering, so the “Hot Places” become crowded 3 hours before the beginning of the festival.
The best place to watch the fireworks is in front of 63 Building.
People can enjoy sound effects as well near 63 Building.
If the place is too crowded to enjoy the festival, Hangang Park is also a good place.
If people take the subway to get to the place, they can exit at Yeouinaru Station.
If the subway does not stop at Yeouinaru Station around start time of the festival, Yeouido Station is also fine.
There is criticism that Hanhwa Group holds the festival only to advertise their company.
The president Lee Myung-bak says that Seoul cannot support this festival for advertising the private company.
In addition, people who do not go to the festival have to deal with inconvenience because of heavy traffic or if some subway stations are not allowed to approach due to this festival.
A lot of trash left is also criticized.
In 2011, 25 tons of trash was left after the festival and 130 sanitation engineers cleaned the area until 3 a.m.
Supercapacitor is a type of capacitor that can store many times as much energy as older capacitors.
They were developed in the late 20th century.
In future electric cars or mobile phones might use supercapacitors.
CouchSurfing International Inc. is a company based in San Francisco that provides hospitality social networking.
Travellers using the service stay at a host's house, where they sleep on a couch (sofa) or a mattress on the floor.
The service is intended to be free of charge; the host does not ask for money from the guest.
CouchSurfing is intended to be a cultural exchange program, where the host shows the visitor around their town or local place, and the guest delivers his or her own country's culture.
People using the service must register an account on the CouchSurfing website.
They make a full public profile, which shows other users who they are, their interests, what languages they speak, and other information.
If they want to host other travellers, users also state the location of their house, and describe their living arrangements, the type of couch they have, and what they can provide for the guests.
Travellers can look for hosts by location, and hosts can find travellers whom have stated their plans to travel to their area.
Hosts also list references (recommendations from previous guests), which helps travellers in deciding whether or not a host is reliable.
When a traveller applies to stay at a host's place, the host then reviews the traveller's profile and either accepts or rejects the application.
If the host says yes, the two users exchange phone numbers and contact each other prior to the meeting.
Independence Square or Maidan Nezalezhnosti is the national public square of Ukraine.
The square is located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.
Most of the buildings in the square were ruined in World War II.
Today the square is a center of public performances and political activity.
The Kilometer Zero of Ukraine is located in the square.
Until the end of the 10th century, this place, like the whole present Khreshchatyk, was called Perevisysche and was a swamp.
Where Sofiyska Street now begins, there was the Lyadska Gate, which led to the Upper Town.
In the 18th century, stone fortress walls and the so-called Pechersk Gate were built on the territory of the Maidan, which existed until 1833.
In the late XVIII — early XIX century was a wasteland — the so-called Goat Swamp.
Defensive ramparts approached it, the edge of which was filled with a dam and a water mill.
In the 1730s, the first wooden houses appeared here, and in the 1850s — stone houses.
In 1869 the place was named Khreshchatyk Square.
Until 1871 there was a market on the square, circus performances and festivities took place.
1977 — a monument to the Great October Socialist Revolution (dismantled in 1991) was erected on the square.
After the reconstruction, it was named the October Revolution Square, in honor of the October Revolution of 1917, the name of Kalinin Square was given to the current St. Michael's Square).
August 1991 — the square received its modern name in honor of the proclamation of Ukraine as state independence.
It should be noted that the name Independence Square has been used in everyday life since 1990, this name was recorded during the Granite Revolution in October 1990.
2013 — November 21, the 9th anniversary of the Orange Revolution, Euromaidan began — a mass protest against the suspension of the state's course of association with the European Union.
These events later escalated into the Revolution of Dignity, which sparked a wave of demonstrations and protests against the Yanukovych regime, the largest since Ukraine's independence.
On February 18—20, 2014, a violent confrontation took place on the Maidan, as a result of which there were significant casualties among the protesters, the Maidan was severely damaged; in addition, on the night of February 19, the House of Trade Unions of Ukraine was burned down.
The Euromaidan tent camp was dismantled only on August 9.
Майдан Незалежності  in Wiki—Encyclopedia Kiev
Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts.
This is done using two liquids that don't mix, for example water and an organic solvent.
Solvent extraction is used in the processing of perfumes, vegetable oil, or biodiesel.
It is also used to recover plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel, a process which is usually called nuclear reprocessing.
The recovered plutonium can then be re-used as nuclear fuel.
Solvent extraction involves crushing of oil seeds and oil seed cakes.
From ancient time, vegetable oils were obtained by crushing oil seeds in village ghanis / kolhus / chekkus in India.
At the beginning of the 20th century the vegetable oils industry was based on some 500,00 bullock-driven ghanis producing about 800,000 tonnes of oils.
Slowly, in addition to these ghanis, power-driven ghanis (rotary ghanis made indigenously) imported expeller and imported hydraulic press plants started crushing oilseeds.
College Scholastic Ability Test, known as Su-Neung, is a national standardized university entrance test in South Korea.
The test is held on second Thursday of November of every year.
The Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE) conducts and supervises the test.
A person who wants to go to university must take the test.
Its result is accepted by most of universities in Korea.
It is a typical criterion to judge whether the person is allowed to go to a university.
Sections of the test
The test has five sections - Korean language, Math, English language, Social Studies/Sciences/Vocational Education and Foreign language/Chinese Character.
The applicants can choose the number of the domain which they would take, after considering of applicant's ability, aptitude, demand of the university which they apply to.
The Korean and English section are common to all applicants.
However, if the applicant decides to take Math, Society/Science/Vocation test and Foreign language/Chinese Character, he or she must choose the subtype of the test.
For Math section, there are two subtypes to choose - "A" or "B".
The type "A" consists of two parts - Math 1, Basic Calculus and Statistics.
Type "B" consists of four parts - Math 1, Math 2, Geometry and Vector, Integral calculus and Statistics.
In Social Studies section, applicants have to choose at most two subjects from ten subjects (Ethics & Thought, Ethics for Daily Life, Korean History, World History, East Asian History, Korean Geography, World Geography, Law and Politics, Economics, Society and Culture).
In Sciences section, it is necessary to choose at most two subjects from eight subjects (Physics Ⅰ, Chemistry Ⅰ, Biology Ⅰ, Earth Science Ⅰ,  Physics Ⅱ, Chemistry Ⅱ, Biology Ⅱ, Earth Science Ⅱ).
In Vocational Education section, it is allowed to choose one subject from ten subjects (Understanding of Agriculture, Techniques in Basic Agriculture, Introduction to Industry, Basic Drafting, Commercial Economy, Principles of Accounting, General Oceanography, Fishery and Shipping Information Processing, Human Development, General Computers).
The first test, Korean, starts at 8:40 A.M. The last test, Foreign language/Chinese Character test, ends at 5:00 P.M.. For disabled people, there is some extra time.
Blind people are given 1.5 time prolonged time than normal applicants in every section, weak-eyed applicants and applicants who suffer from cerebral palsy are given 20 extra minutes in every sections.
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (27 November 1870–14 December 1956 Helsinki).
He was the seventh president of Finland, from 1946 to 1956.
He was first person to have his picture printed on Finnish money.
First wife was Anna Matilda Forsman (1897–1931).
Paasikivi studied history and law in  Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki.
He was especially interested in history of Russia.
He became a doctor in law in 1901, and associate professor in 1902.
In 1913 he became director of KOP bank.
Paasikivi was elected in parliament in 1907, and second time 1910.
This was time when Finland was still part of Russian empire.
At the time when Finland became independent, Paasikivi was among those who supported monarchy.
During the second world war Paasikivi was negotiating with Soviet Union.
In 1946, when President Mannerheim resigned, parliament selected Paasikivi as his successor.
In 1950 he won an election wand was selected for second term.
In 1956 he was not an official candidate, but he got some votes as "Black horse".
The foreign policy doctrine established by Paasikivi and continued by his successor Urho Kekkonen,  The "Paasikivi-Kekkonen line", aimed at Finland's survival as an independent sovereign, democratic, and capitalist country in the immediate proximity of the Soviet Union.