the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It is the main city of the Pittsfield Metropolitan Statistical Area which includes all of Berkshire County.
The population was 44,737 at the 2010 census.
Pittsfield, former name of Pilot Hill, California
Pittsfield, Illinois, a city
Pittsfield, Maine, a town
Pittsfield (CDP), Maine, a census-designated place in the town
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, a city, the largest and best-known Pittsfield
Pittsfield, New Hampshire, a town
Pittsfield, New York, a town
Pittsfield, Pennsylvania
Pittsfield, Vermont, a town
Pittsfield, Wisconsin, a town
Pittsfield (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Pittsfield Township, Pike County, Illinois
Pittsfield Charter Township, Michigan
Pittsfield Township, Lorain County, Ohio
Pittsfield Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania
Pittsfield Building, a skyscraper in Chicago
Samuel Richard "Sandy" Berger (October 28, 1945 – December 2, 2015) was an American political consultant of Jewish descent.
He served as the United States National Security Advisor for President Bill Clinton from March 14, 1997 until January 20, 2001.
Before that, he served as the Deputy National Security Advisor for the Clinton Administration from January 20, 1993 until March 14, 1997.
Robert Eugene Glennen, Jr., PhD (March 31, 1933 – December 1, 2015) was an American education administrator.
He served as Emporia State University's thirteenth president in Emporia, Kansas.
Before president of Emporia State, Glennen also served as the tenth president at Western New Mexico University, many administrative jobs at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and the University of Notre Dame.
Glennen was born in Billings, Montana.
He died in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 82.
Educators from Las Vegas, Nevada
Suffolk Township, now Saint-Émile-de-Suffolk, Quebec
Suffolk, Belfast
Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)
Suffolk, Mississippi, in Franklin County, Mississippi
Suffolk, Montana, in Fergus County, Montana
Suffolk, Virginia, an independent city in eastern Virginia
HMS Suffolk, one of five ships, so named, of the British Royal Navy
USS Suffolk (AKA-69), an attack cargo ship of the United States Navy
Suffolk (sheep), black-faced, open-faced breed of domestic sheep
Suffolk Punch, one of England's oldest breed of draft horse
Earl of Suffolk, a title that has been created four times in the Peerage of England
Duke of Suffolk, a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England
Suffolk Downs, a thoroughbred race track in East Boston, Massachusetts
Suffolk University, a college in Boston.
Joseph Frederick Engelberger (July 26, 1925 – December 1, 2015) was an American physicist, engineer and entrepreneur.
Engelberger created the first industrial robot in the United States, the Unimate, in the 1950s.
Later, he worked as entrepreneur and vocal advocate of robotic technology beyond the manufacturing plant in a variety of fields, including service industries, health care, and space exploration.
He has been called "the father of robotics" for his works to the field.
James "Jim" Loscutoff Jr (February 4, 1930 – December 1, 2015) was a professional American basketball player for the NBA.
He played for the Boston Celtics from 1955 through 1964.
He was a forward.
Loscutoff played on seven Celtics championship teams between 1956 and 1964.
Suffolk County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
767,254 people lived there in 2014.
Its county seat is Boston, the state capital and largest city.
1643 establishments
Middlesex, Belize, a village in Stann Creek District, Belize
Middlesex County Cricket Club
Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)
Middlesex, New York
Middlesex, North Carolina
Middlesex, Vermont
Middlesex Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts
Middlesex Canal, Massachusetts
Carthage is a city in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The population was 14,378 at the 2010 census.
It is the county seat of Jasper County.
It is nicknamed "America's Maple Leaf City."
Jasper County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 117,404.
Its largest city is Joplin.
The county was formed in 1841.
It was named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.
1841 establishments in Missouri
Jasper County (album), a recording by Trisha Yearwood
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri.
In 2010, the population was 674,158.
This county has the second-highest number of people in the state, after St. Louis County.
It has two county capitals, Independence and Kansas City.
The county was created December 15, 1826.
It was named for President Andrew Jackson (elected 1828).
Kylo Ren (born Ben Solo) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise.
He was introduced in the 2015 movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
He was portrayed by Adam Driver.
He is the main villain of The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi , and is redeemed in the final installment  The Rise of Skywalker.
Kylo Ren is the pseudonym of Ben Solo, the son of original Star Wars trilogy characters Han Solo, who he later killed, and Leia Organa.
Though trained by his uncle Luke Skywalker as a Jedi, he has been drawn to the dark side of the Force, and wants to be as powerful as his grandfather, Darth Vader who he praised and thought was the king of evil, not the one who killed the emperor.
Throughout all of The Force Awakens and the first two acts of The Last Jedi, Ren wants to be fully committed to the dark side, but there are times where the light side tries to pull him back in.
This can be seen because when he kills his father Han, he hesitates before he does it.
Even when he has a chance to kill his mother Leia, he chooses not to after giving it thought.
This makes him a complex character.
Kylo Ren is the master of the Knights of Ren and a commander for the First Order, an organization created from the fallen Galactic Empire.
The First Order believed that the Empire's leader, Emperor Palpatine, had been killed by Luke Skywalker, not Darth Vader.
He is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising, and has appeared in the movie's sequel, Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi''.
Kylo Ren in the Official StarWars.com Encyclopedia
Fictional characters introduced in 2015
Adam Douglas Driver (born November 19, 1983) is an American actor.
He is best known for his roles in the TV show Girls and the Star Wars movies.
Adam Driver was born in California.
The Driver family has roots in Arkansas and Tennessee, where they owned slaves.
He grew up in Indiana and joined the United States Marine Corps after the September 11 attacks.
He was excited to fight the Iraq War, but could not join direct combat because of an injury.
He then went to Juilliard School, an elite school for performing arts, to begin his acting career.
Governments and private organizations have developed car classifications that are used for a number of purposes.
These include regulation, description and categorization, among others.
The following are commonly used classifications in use worldwide:
Scott Weiland (born Scott Richard Kline; October 27, 1967 – December 3, 2015) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.
His career lasted three decades.
He was best known as the lead singer for the rock band Stone Temple Pilots from when they formed in 1986 until he was fired in 2013.
He was also the lead singer of band Velvet Revolver from 2003 to 2008.
That band had members from another popular band, Guns N' Roses, and were called a "supergroup" because of this.
Weiland was born in San Jose, California.
At age five, he was adopted by his stepfather and moved to Ohio.
Weiland moved back to California in his teens.
After he was fired from Stone Temple Pilots, Weiland formed a solo band called the Wildabouts.
They released an album in March 2015 called "Blaster" but their guitar player, Jeremy Brown, died the day before it came out.
Weiland himself died on this band's tour bus in Bloomington, Minnesota on December 3, 2015 after drinking and taking drugs such as cocaine and ethanol.
He had battled addictions to drugs for over 20 years, at first becoming addicted to heroin in the 1990s.
The Eastern Shore of Maryland is on the east side of Chesapeake Bay.
It consists of nine counties.
In 2004 its population was nearly 441 thousand.
This means about 8 percent of Marylanders live in this region.
The term "Eastern Shore" distinguishes a territorial part of the State of Maryland from the Western Shore of Maryland, land west of the Chesapeake Bay.
The region has many beaches.
Some of the best known and most often visited beaches are at Ocean City, Maryland.
Ocean city is also known for its boardwalks and its tourist attractions.
With a population of 24,000, Salisbury is the largest city.
Casualty is a British television show aired on the BBC since 6 September 1986.
It is the longest-running emergency medical drama television series in the world.
It is filmed in Cardiff.
The 1000th episode of Casualty aired on 25 June 2016, episode 39 of series 30.
Casualty is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the fictional county of Wyvern, in the south-west of England.
Yossi Sarid (‎; 24 October 1940 – 4 December 2015) was an Israeli news commentator and former politician.
He served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment, Ratz and Meretz between 1974 and 2006.
He was the Minister of Education and Minister of the Environment, he led Meretz between 1996 and 2003 and served as Leader of the Opposition from 2001 to 2003.
Yossi Sarid's official lecturer page
Dag Skogheim (17 May 1928 – 4 December 2015) was a Norwegian teacher, poet, novelist, short story writer, biographer and non-fiction writer.
He was born in Sømna.
He made his literary debut in 1970 with the poetry collection ... gagns menneske.
He was known for his 2001 novel Sanatorieliv.
The book was awarded the Sverre Steen Prize from the Norwegian Historical Association in 2002.
William Richards Bennett, PC, OBC (August 18, 1932 – December 3, 2015), commonly known as Bill Bennett, was a Canadian politician.
He was the 27th Premier of the Canadian province of British Columbia 1975–1986.
He was a son of the former Premier, W. A. C. Bennett.
He was a 3rd cousin, twice removed, of R.B. Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada.
Ferenc Juhász (16 August 1928 – 2 December 2015) was a Hungarian poet.
He received the Golden Wreath award in 1992.
He was thought to be a close contender for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1976.
Juhász published his first poem in 1946.
In 1949, he published his first book of poems, The Winged Foal.
His poems, including "The boy changed into a stag clamors at the gate of secrets", have been widely translated.
http://www.jstor.org/pss/20163235
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Ferenc%20Juhasz
Quorn is a small town in the Flinders Ranges in the north of South Australia, 39 km northeast of Port Augusta.
In 2011 there were 1206 people living in  Quorn.
Quorn is the home of the Flinders Ranges Council local government area.
It is in the state Electoral district of Stuart and the federal Division of Grey.
The town was surveyed in 1878 and named after Quorndon in Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
It was a railway town, part of the railway line being built from Port Augusta.
The railway line from Port Augusta to Quorn opened in 1879.
It reached Government Gums (Farina) in 1882, Marree in 1884, Oodnadatta in 1890 and Alice Springs in 1929.
This railway line later became known as the "Ghan line" or Central Australia Railway.
In 1917, Quorn became the crossroads of the north–south Central Australian Railway and east–west Trans-Australian Railway between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie.
This made Quorn an important town, as everyone travelling east–west or north–south in Australia passed through Quorn.
Quorn's role as a crossroads was lost in 1937 when a standard gauge railway connection was opened between Port Pirie and Port Augusta.
However, during World War II, Quorn was a vital service point for trains heading north to Alice Springs.
Over one million soldiers passed through on their way to Darwin and on to Papua New Guinea.
There were over 50 trains eaxh day during and immediately after World War II.
The trains also carried coal mined at Leigh Creek to the new Playford A Power Station in Port Augusta.
During the 1950s a new standard gauge line was built which did not pass through Quorn.
It was built on the western side of The Dutchmans Stern, Mount Arden and Mount Eyre.
This line went from Stirling North to Brachina and then followed the original narrow gauge route through Leigh Creek and to Marree.
Trains no longer went through the Pichi Richi Pass or Quorn.
The only services now operating through Quorn was freight from Peterborough and Hawker.
As a result Quorn lost its important railway business and in the 1980s the railway was completely closed as freight was moved to road transport.
One unusual aspect of the railway working from Peterborough to Quorn and then on to Hawker was the need for the engine to be turned and joined to the opposite end of the train when arriving at Quorn, as it was not a "through" station for the trip from Peterborough to Hawker.
In 1973 the Pichi Richi Railway Preservation Society was formed to keep and protect the unique bridges and stone work that formed the railway through the Pichi Richi Pass between Quorn and Stirling North.
At first they only wanted to preserve the railway through the Pichi Richi Pass, but they later got railway carriages and locomotives to provide a tourist  service through from Quorn to Port Augusta.
TheThey have written a book showing the railway in its heyday.
A main attraction in Quorn is the Pichi Richi Railway.
There are also a self-guided walking tours in the town, included several based around the town's historic old buildings, the railway yards and other historic locations.
The Flinders Ranges Visitor Information Centre / Pichi Richi Railway in the Quorn railway station provide visitor information, bookings for the railway, accommodation, tours and souvenirs.
Famous people from Quorn include country music artist Jedd Hughes, politician Brian Harradine and champion SANFL footballer Fos Williams.
Former Australian of the year and AC, CBE, Lowitja O'Donoghue also spent her childhood at the Aboriginal mission in Quorn, the Colebrook Children's Home.
Quorn has also been used in several movies, including The Shiralee, Sunday Too Far Away, Gallipoli, Wolf Creek, The Sundowners, The Lighthorsemen and The Last Ride starring Hugo Weaving.
SA History - Quorn
A tale of two Quorns
Pichi Richi Railway Website
Endres played for Brazil's men's national volleyball team in 1997-2008.
The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
The team won the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.
Endres was also a member of the 2002 and 2006 World Championship teams.
He won several medals in the World League, South American Championship, World Cup and the Grand Champions Cup.
LegaVolley profile
Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho (born 23 December 1976 in Londrina) is a retired Brazilian professional volleyball player.
He is usually known as known as Giba.
He played as an outside hitter.
For much of the 2000s, he was widely regarded as one of the best volleyball players in the world.
During his professional career he played in Brazil, Italy, Russia, Argentina and briefly in the United Arab Emirates.
He is mostly remembered for his successes with the Brazilian national team.
Site non officiel
Blog do Giba
Cicero is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,812.
Ashton Baldwin "Ash" Carter (born September 24, 1954) is the former United States Secretary of Defense.
He is also a physicist and a former Harvard University professor of Science and International Affairs.
He was nominated by President Barack Obama, and confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 93–5, to replace Chuck Hagel as the US Secretary of Defense.
Preventive Defense Project
Ashton B. Carter  expert profile at the Belfer Center of Harvard University
Collected columns at Foreign Affairs magazine
Department of Defense biography
William McIlvanney (25 November 1936 – 5 December 2015) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, and poet.
McIlvanney was known for his works Laidlaw, The Papers of Tony Veitch, and Walking Wounded.
They are all known for their portrayal of Glasgow in the 1970s.
He is thought to be as "the father of 'Tartan Noir’" and Scotland's Camus.
Marília Pêra (22 January 1943 – 5 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress.
She was called "one of the decade's [1980s] ten best actresses" by Pauline Kael.
Pêra won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1982 for her role in Hector Babenco's famous movie Pixote.
She received the Best Actress awards at the Gramado Film Festival (Triple Award Winner) and at the Cartegena Film Festival for Carlos Diegues' Better Days Ahead.
Her other movies include Bar Esperanza,  Angels of the Night, and Diegues' Tieta.
Pauline Kael (; June 19, 1919 – September 3, 2001) was an American movie critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991.
Earlier in her career, her work appeared in City Lights, McCall's and The New Republic.
Kael was known for her "witty, biting, highly opinionated, and sharply focused" reviews.
Legendary critic Roger Ebert said that Kael "had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades".
Kael was born in Petaluma, California.
She studied at the University of California, Berkeley.
Kael died in Great Barrington, Massachusetts from Parkinson's disease at the age of 82.
Pauline Kael Archives , a collection of articles and commentary about Kael
The Pearls of Pauline from Brights Lights Film Journal
Interview magazine q&a Pauline Kael interviewed by Polly Frost and Ray Sawhill
Quinnipiac University  is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational university.
It is in Hamden, Connecticut, United States.
The university grants undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees through its College of Arts and Sciences; School of Business and Engineering; School of Communications; School of Health Sciences; School of Law; School of Medicine; School of Nursing and School of Education.
Quinnipiac is home to the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute.
Official QU Online website
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States.
The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant."
The population was 60,960 at the 2010 census.
Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven.
Siddhi Savetsila (, , , 7 January 1919 – 5 December 2015) was a Thai air force officer and politician.
He served as the foreign minister of Thailand from 1980 to 1990.
He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand serving from January through August 1986.
He has been a member of the Privy Council of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.
A mohel is a person who circumcises Jewish baby boys eight days after they are born.
This is a practice of Jewish law (Halakha).
In Orthodox Judaism the mohel is male.
However, some more progressive types of Judaism allow women to serve as a mohel.
The event of the circumcision is called a Brit milah, sometimes pronounced bris especially by Jews of European heritage whose ancestors spoke Yiddish.
The mohel says prayers with the infant's family and guests, to welcome the baby boy into the Jewish religion.
Farina is a ghost town in South Australia.
It is on the edge of the desert, with an unpredictable annual rainfall of 163.6 mm.
It was a farming and railway town, part of the Ghan railway, 26 km north of Lyndhurst and 55 km south of Marree.
In 2006 there were 55 people living near Farina.
Before 1878 Farina was called The Gums or Government Gums, It was an important waterhole in a dry desert.
Farina was settled in 1878 by farmers who thought that if they ploughed the land and planted crops it would rain.
It was named Farina after the Latin word for flour.
The town was the railhead until 1884 when the railway reached Marree.
During the wet years of the 1880s, plans were laid out for a town with 432 ¼-acre blocks.
It was believed that it would be good for growing wheat and barley, however normal rainfall is not enough to grow these crops.
Several silver and copper mines were dug in the surrounding area.
Farina grew to 600 people in the late 1800s.
The town had two hotels (the Transcontinental and the Exchange) and an underground bakery, a bank, two breweries, a general store, an Anglican church, five blacksmiths, a school and a brothel.
In 1909, a 1143 kg iron meteorite was discovered north-east of the town.
Today all that is left are stone ruins and the elevated railway water tank.
The post office closed in the 1960s and the railway line closed in the 1980s.
No one lives in the town, the closest people live at Farina station, a farm, west of the town.
A bush camping area has been set up by the owners of Farina station.
The town's cemetery is a few kilometres from the town.
It has an Afghan corner with several headstones, some with both English and Arabic writing.
These mark the graves of former Farina residents of Afghan origin who were part of the Afghan camel trains which used to provide transport services before the railway.
Postcards television show about South Australia
Bureau of Meteorology Farina statistics
Farina: Ruined Ghost Town - Oodnadatta Track, South Australia
Volunteers bring ghost town back to life
Farina Restoration Group website
The abortion will save the woman's life or preserve her health;
The father died during the pregnancy;
Either parent was imprisoned;
The pregnancy is a result of rape or incest;
There is a disability in the family; or
The parents have divorced.
buzz -- the sound bees make
arf, woof, bark -- sounds that dogs make
cuckoo -- the bird's name is its call
zip, zipper -- the sound it makes
meow -- the sound that cats makes
tick tick -- the sound that a clock makes
boom--the sound that a bomb makes
crash--the sound that breaking glass makes
Alton Glenn Miller (March 1, 1904 – missing in action December 15, 1944) was an American big band musician, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era.
He was the best-selling recording artist from 1939 to 1943, leading one of the best known big bands.
Miller's notable recordings include "In the Mood", "Moonlight Serenade", "Pennsylvania 6-5000", "Chattanooga Choo Choo", "A String of Pearls", "At Last", "(I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo", "American Patrol", "Tuxedo Junction", "Elmer's Tune", and "Little Brown Jug".
During World War II, he led bands in the U.S. Army.
While he was traveling in France during World War II, Glenn Miller's airplane disappeared over the English Channel.
Miller was born in Clarinda, Iowa.
His parents were Mattie Lou (née Cavender) and Lewis Elmer Miller.
In 1915, Miller's family moved to Grant City, Missouri, and he started playing in the town orchestra.
At first, he played cornet and mandolin, but he switched to trombone by 1916.
In 1918, the Miller family moved to Fort Morgan, Colorado, where Miller went to high school.
During his senior year, he started a band with some classmates.
They played "dance band music".
By the time Miller graduated from high school in 1921, he had decided to become a professional musician.
In 1923, Miller entered the University of Colorado at Boulder, but he spent most of his time away from school.
He played auditions and gigs.
He did not do well in school.
He dropped out of school, and decided to start a career as a professional musician.
He later studied under Joseph Schillinger and composed "Moonlight Serenade".
In 1926, Miller toured with several groups, eventually landing a good spot in Ben Pollack's group in Los Angeles.
While playing with this band, Miller wrote several musical arrangements and also co-wrote his first composition, "Room 1411", with Benny Goodman.
In 1928, he married Helen Burger in New York City.
At first, he was the main trombone soloist of the band.
But when another trombone player joined, Miller was given fewer solos.
At this point, he decided he should mainly be a composer.
In the late 1920s, he wrote and published a songbook.
In the early 1930s, Miller was a trombonist, arranger, and composer in The Dorsey Brothers.
Miller composed the songs "Annie's Cousin Fannie", "Dese Dem Dose", "Harlem Chapel Chimes", and "Tomorrow's Another Day" in 1934 and 1935.
In 1935, he started an American orchestra for British bandleader Ray Noble.
In this band, he featured a lead clarinet over four saxophones.
He later used this arrangement in his own bands.
Glenn Miller formed his first band in 1937.
The band broke up after playing its last show at the Ritz Ballroom in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on January 2, 1938.
Success from 1938 to 1942
Miller was discouraged and returned to New York.
He realized that the band needed to have a "sound" that was different from other bands.
He decided to make the clarinet and tenor saxophone play the melody together, while three other saxophones played harmony.
Miller hired a saxophonist named Wilbur Schwartz, but instead had him play lead clarinet.
This was unique because it did not rely on repeated motifs, like other bands.
Miller had a staff who wrote and arranged songs for the band.
They were Jerry Gray, Bill Finegan, Billy May, and George Williams.
Bluebird Records and Glen Island Casino
In September 1938, the Miller band began making recordings for Bluebird Records.
Cy Shribman, a prominent East Coast businessman, began financing the band.
In the spring of 1939, the band played at the Meadowbrook Ballroom in Cedar Grove, New Jersey and at the Glen Island Casino in New Rochelle, New York.
At Glen Island, 1800 people attended Afterwards, the band became much more popular.
The band's recording "Tuxedo Junction" sold 115,000 copies in the first week.
On February 10, 1942, Miller received a gold record for "Chattanooga Choo-Choo". "
Chattanooga Choo Choo" was performed by the Miller orchestra with his singers Gordon "Tex" Beneke, Paula Kelly and the vocal group, the Modernaires.
Other singers with this orchestra included Marion Hutton, Skip Nelson, Ray Eberle, Kay Starr, Ernie Caceres, Dorothy Claire and Jack Lathrop.
Miller and his band appeared in two films.
The first one was Sun Valley Serenade (1941) The second was Orchestra Wives (1942).
Army Air Force Band: 1942–1944
In 1942, Miller decided to join the war effort because he was too old to be drafted.
At first, he volunteered for the Navy but was told he was not needed.
Miller then wrote to Army Brigadier General Charles Young.
He asked to lead an army band so he could entertain the Allied Forces, and was accepted this time.
He earned the rank of captain and he was soon promoted to major by August 1944.
He was placed in the United States Army at first, but was then moved to the Army Air Forces.
Captain Glenn Miller served as an officer at the training center at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama, in December 1942.
He played trombone with the Rhythmaires, a 15-piece dance band, both on the base and in the town.
Miller formed a large marching band.
He tried to modernize military music.
Some officers didn't like it, but he continued because other leaders supported him.
For example, he combined blues and jazz with the traditional military march.
He formed the Army Air Force Band, with 50 members.
In the summer of 1944, he took it to England, where he gave 800 performances and recorded a series of records.
The music was used in American Forces Network radio broadcasting for entertainment and counter-propaganda against fascism.
Miller also talked on the radio.
One time, he said:
On December 15, 1944, Miller was to fly from the United Kingdom to Paris, France, to play for the soldiers there.
His plane departed from Clapham and disappeared while flying over the English Channel.
There were two other people on the plane: Lt.
Norman Baessell and pilot John Morgan.
There have been many theories about what happened to the plane.
According to a 2014 article in the Chicago Tribune, Miller's plane crashed because it had a faulty carburetor.
Civilian band legacy
When Glenn Miller was alive, various bandleaders like Bob Chester imitated his style.
In 1942, Miller gave singer Mel Tormé advice about songwriting.
The Miller estate authorized an official Glenn Miller "ghost band" in 1946.
This band was led by Tex Beneke, former tenor saxophonist and a singer for the civilian band.
It was similar to the Army Air Force Band because it had a large string section.
At first called the "Glenn Miller Orchestra Under the Direction of Tex Beneke", it later became "The Tex Beneke Orchestra".
A film about Miller's life, The Glenn Miller Story, was released in 1953.
Because of this, the Miller estate asked Ray McKinley to lead a new ghost band in 1956.
This band still tours the United States.
Army Air Force band legacy
After Miller's disappearance, his Army Air Force band was decommissioned and sent back to the United States.
Another band, called "the 314", took its place.
Miller composed at least fourteen songs, both by himself or with other people.
He added lyrics to another song.
These and other songs were recorded by Miller's civilian bands and his Army Air Force band.
Grammy Hall of Fame
Glenn Miller had three recordings that were put into the Grammy Hall of Fame after he died.
This award is for recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have "qualitative or historical significance."
Chattanooga Choo Choo-The Life and Times of the World Famous Glenn Miller Orchestra by Richard Grudens 2004
ASIN: B0007DMEDQ
The Glenn Miller Birthplace Society, which organizes the annual Glenn Miller Birthplace Festival in Clarinda, Iowa
Recordings Miller made for Brunswick records as a sideman in the late 1920s and early 1930s
"Glenn's Swing Orchestra" - tribute to Miller (in French language)
"The Disappearance of Glenn Miller" - documentary in the PBS Series History Detectives
New Palestine (pronounced PAL-es-teen) is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,055.
The Ghan is a passenger train between Adelaide, Alice Springs, and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin railway in Australia.
The train is operated by Great Southern Rail.
It takes 54 hours to travel the  with a four-hour stop in Alice Springs.
The train's name is a short version of its nickname The Afghan Express.
This nickname is said to have been first used in 1923 by one the train crew.
The train's name honours Afghan camel drivers who arrived in Australia in the late 19th century to help find a way to reach the country's unexplored interior.
Another view is that the name was an insult.
In 1891, the railway from Quorn reached Oodnadatta.
This was home to about 150 cameleers, known as 'Afghans'. '
The Ghan Express' name was used by train crews in the 1890s as a joke because, when an expensive sleeping car was put on from Quorn to Oodnadatta, 'on the first return journey the only passenger was an Afghan'.
As early as 1924, it was known as the 'The Afghan Express' because it was so unreliable, often days, or weeks late.
By 1951, when steam engines were replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, the insult of the names, like the cameleers, had faded away.
Modern marketing has turned the name into a term of pride in its heritage.
The Ghan was sold to a private company in 1997 and is operated by Great Southern Rail.
GSR was sold to Allegro Funds, a Sydney investment fund, in March 2015.
The Ghan normally runs weekly year round.
During December 2012 and January 2013 it ran only once every two weeks.
Until 2016, a second service operated between June and September.
The train stops at Alice Springs and Katherine so passengers have time for optional tours.
Each train has between 16 and 26 stainless steel carriages.
These were built by Comeng, Granville in the late 1960s / early 1970s for the Indian Pacific, plus a motorail wagon.
The train is pulled by a Pacific National NR class locomotive.
Sometimes, other locomotives such as an AN class or a DL class join the NR class to pull the train.
Starting in August 1929, The Ghan first ran on the Central Australian Railway.
This was a  narrow-gauge railway that went to Alice Springs.
In 1957, the  standard gauge Stirling North to Marree line opened, so the train only ran north of Marree.
In October 1980 a new standard gauge line was built to the west of the original line.
This was later extended north from Alice Springs to Darwin, opening in January 2004.
Original Ghan
The Port Augusta to Government Gums Railway began in 1878 when Premier of South Australia, William Jervois, broke ground at Port Augusta.
The  line reached Hawker in June 1880, Beltana in July 1881, Marree in January 1884, and Oodnadatta in January 1891.
In 1926 work began to build the line to Alice Springs.
and that section was completed in 1929.
Until then, the final part of the train journey was made by camel.
There were always plans to build the line to Darwin, but by the time the line to Alice Springs was built, The Ghan was losing money.
Plans to reach Darwin were put on indefinite hold.
The original line followed the same track as the overland telegraph, which is believed to be the route taken by John McDouall Stuart during his 1862 crossing of Australia.
Steam locomotives need a lot of water, and Stuart's route to Alice Springs was the only one that had available water.
This meant that when it did rain, the creeks and rivers often washed the track away.
The Ghan service was well known for long delays caused by these washouts.
A flatcar behind the locomotive carried spare sleepers and railway tools, so that if there was damage to the track, the passengers and crew could repair the line.
During World War II the service had to be greatly expanded, putting great pressure on the limited water supplies.
As a result, de-mineralisation towers, some of which survive to this day, were built along the track.
This meant that bore water could be used in the locomotives.
When the new line to Alice Springs was built in the 1970s, the use of diesel engines meant that there was far less need for water.
The line could take the much drier route from Tarcoola to Alice Springs.
The original Ghan was shown in BBC Television's series Great Railway Journeys of the World in 1980, presented by Michael Frayn.
The original Ghan ran for the last time in 1980.
The Ghan Preservation Society has repaired sections of the old narrow gauge track and some notable sidings.
In October 1980 the new standard gauge line from Tarcoola on the Trans-Australian Railway to Alice Springs was opened.
The new line is about  west of the old line.
This avoids the floodplains where the original line was often damaged by floods.
It was also hoped that the new line would improve the train's timekeeping.
The modern Ghan was in an episode of Channel 5's series Chris Tarrant: Extreme Railways.
In November 1998, one service went from Adelaide to Melbourne while from April 1999, the other went to Sydney.
Connection to Darwin
Work began in July 2001, with the first passenger train reaching Darwin on 4 February 2004, after 126 years of planning and waiting.
The cost was A$1.3 billion.
The Ghan's arrival in Darwin started a new era of tourism in the Northern Territory.
Travel to the area was easier, with better access to and for Aboriginal communities.
The rail link will allow for more freight to travel through the region, leading to a hope that Darwin will serve as another trade link with Asia.
On 24 October 2002, The Ghan collided with a school bus in Salisbury, South Australia.
Four people on the bus were killed, but there were no significant injuries to the Ghan passengers.
On 12 December 2006, The Ghan collided with a truck at a level crossing and derailed 35 km south of Adelaide River in the Northern Territory.
Seven of the 11 carriages came off the tracks.
One woman was critically injured, other passengers received only minor injuries.
The truck driver involved was arrested, according to the NT police, charged and found guilty of a number of charges related to the accident.
On 4 March 2007, rains washed out part of the track between Darwin and Adelaide River.
During the time that it took to repair the track, all trains terminated in Katherine.
On 6 August 2007, The Ghan collided with a truck at a level crossing  north of Adelaide in South Australia.
Three passengers were reported with minor injuries, suffering from shock.
The truck driver was temporarily trapped in his vehicle.
On 6 June 2009, a nineteen-year-old American tourist clung to the outside of The Ghan for two hours and 200 km when, after returning to the train after a stop in Port Augusta, he found himself locked out with his passport and luggage inside the train.
He was only rescued when technician Marty Wells heard his screams and stopped the train.
The Ghan web page
National Library of Australia collection
Itanium ( ) is a type of Intel microprocessors with 64-bit chip architecture (not related to the by now mainstream 64-bit CPUs made by Intel and others).
Itanium processors are sometimes used today for servers.
Itanium processors where originally designed by HP and Intel with Intel making producing them, and several manufacturers of systems used them; nowhere as many systems used as originally hoped for.
By now mostly HP still supports systems using these chips.
Market reception
Powerful-type server market
When first released in 2001, Itanium's speed was disappointing compared to other processor types.
Using existing x86 applications and operating systems was especially bad, with one test in 2001 showing that it was as fast as a 100 MHz Pentium (1.1 GHz Pentiums were on the market at that time).
In an article from 2009 about the history of Itanium — "How the Itanium Killed the Computer Industry" — journalist John C. Dvorak reported "This continues to be one of the great fiascos [bad situations] of the last 50 years" .
Technology writer Ashlee Vance wrote that slowness in speed and release "turned the product into a joke in the chip industry."
In an interview, Donald Knuth said "The Itanium approach...was supposed to be so terrific—until it turned out that the wished-for compilers were basically impossible to write."
Both Red Hat and Microsoft said that they would stop allowing Itanium to be used with their operating systems.
However, other Linux distributions such as Gentoo and Debian are still available for Itanium.
On March 22, 2011, Oracle said they would no longer support Itanium, but support for their existing products would continue.
In October 2013, Oracle said they would release Oracle Database 12.1.0.1.0 on HP-UX Itanium 11.31 by early 2014.
A past Intel company official said that Itanium had become profitable (Able to make a lot of money) for Intel in late 2009.
In 2009 and later, Itanium was mostly used on servers by HP, which made 95% of Itanium servers, so the primary operating system for Itanium was HP-UX.
On March 22, 2011, Intel said they will keep supporting Itanium entirely with many new Itanium chips being created and on-time.
Other markets
AMD decided on an easier idea, creating x86-64, a 64-bit addition to the x86 architecture, which Microsoft soon supported in Microsoft Windows, so Intel had to include the same type of 64-bit addition in Intel's x86 processors.
x86-64 can use existing 32-bit applications at full hardware speed, but has 64-bit memory addressing and other additions to new applications.
This architecture has now become the most used 64-bit architecture in the desktop and laptop market, with the 64-bit ARMv8 architecture powering many mobile devices, used in today's iPhones, iPads, iPod Touches, and now many Android phones and tablets such as the Nexus 6P and Nexus 9.
Ssome Itanium-based workstations were initially introduced by companies such as SGI, but they are no longer available.
Because AMD made the first x86-64 chip, the architecture is commonly referred to as "amd64" inside of operating systems.
Development: 1989–2000
In 1989, HP thought Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures were stuck at one instruction per cycle.
HP researchers tried to create a new type of processor architecture, later called Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC), that allows the processor to use many instructions in each clock cycle.
EPIC uses a form of very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, in which 1 instruction word had many instructions.
With EPIC, the compiler checks which instructions can be used at the same time, so the processor can run the instructions without needing complicated methods to see which instructions to use at the same time.
HP thought that it was not good for individual enterprise system companies like HP to make proprietary processors, so HP worked with Intel in 1994 to create the IA-64 architecture, made with EPIC's ideas.
Intel wanted to make a large effort in creating IA-64 in the expectation that the resulting processor would be used by most enterprise systems.
HP and Intel had a large design effort to make the first Itanium product, Merced, in 1998.
(the last three were never finished work with running on Itanium).
By 1997, many found that the Itanium architecture and the compiler were more difficult to use than they thought.
Technology issues such as the very high transistor counts needed for the large instruction words and the large caches.
There were also problems with the project, as the two parts of the team used different methods and had slightly different priorities.
Because Merced was the first EPIC processor, its creation had more problems than the team had thought.
In addition, the EPIC concept requires different compiler abilities that had never been created before, so more research was needed.
Intel announced the name of the processor, Itanium, on October 4, 1999.
In only a few hours, the name Itanic had been used as a joke, (a reference to Titanic, the "unsinkable" ship that sank in 1912 ("Itanium + Titanic = Itanic")).
"Itanic" has also been used by The Register,
Itanium (Merced): 2001
Itanium competed with low-power systems (primarily 4-CPU and small systems) with servers based on x86 processors, and with high-power such as with IBM's POWER architecture and Sun Microsystems' SPARC architecture.
Intel shifted Itanium to working with the high-power business and HPC computing, trying to copy x86's successful market (i.e., 1 architecture, many system vendors).
The success of the 1st processor version was only with replacing PA-RISC in HP systems, Alpha in Compaq systems and MIPS in SGI systems, but IBM also made a supercomputer based on this architecture.
Only a few thousand systems using the 1st Itanium processor, Merced, were sold, because of poorer performance, high cost and less Itanium-made software.
Intel saw that Itanium required more native software to work well, so Intel made thousands of systems for independent software vendors to help them make Itanium software.
HP and Intel brought the 2nd Itanium processor, Itanium 2, to market a year later.
Itanium 2: 2002–2010
The Itanium 2 processor was released in 2002, for enterprise servers and not all of high-power computing.
The 1st version of Itanium 2, code-named McKinley, was created by HP and Intel.
It fixed many of the problems of the 1st Itanium processor, which were mostly caused by a bad memory subsystem.
McKinley had 221 million transistors (25 million of them were for logic), and was 19.5 mm by 21.6 mm (421 mm2) and was created with a 180 nm design process, and a CMOS process with 6 layers of aluminium.
In 2003, AMD released the Opteron, which implemented the first x86-64 architecture (called AMD64 at the time).
Opteron was much more successful because it was an easy upgrade from x86.
Intel implemented x86-64 in its Xeon processors in 2004.
Intel released a new Itanium 2 processor, code-named Madison, in 2003.
Madison used a 130 nm process and was the foundation of all new Itanium processors until June 2006.
In March 2005, Intel announced that it was working on a new Itanium processor, code-named Tukwila, to be released in 2007.
Tukwila would have 4 processor cores and would replace the Itanium bus with a new Common System Interface, which would also be used by a new Xeon processor.
In 2006, Intel delivered Montecito (marketed as the Itanium 2 9000 series), a 2-core processor that had approximately 2x performance and 20% less energy usage.
Intel released the Itanium 2 9100 series, codenamed Montvale, in November 2007.
Itanium 9300 (Tukwila): 2010
The Itanium 9300 series processor, code-named Tukwila, was released on February 8, 2010, with greater performance and memory amount.
Tukwila uses a 65 nm process, has between two and four cores, up to 24 MB CPU cache, Hyper-Threading technology and new memory controllers.
It also has double-device data correction, which helps to fix memory issues.
Tukwila also has Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) to replace the Itanium bus architecture.
It has a maximum inner-processor bandwidth of 96 GB/s and a maximum memory bandwidth of 34 GB/s. With QuickPath, the processor has built-in memory controllers, which controls the memory using QPI interfaces to communicate with other processors and I/O hubs.
QuickPath is also used with Intel processors using the Nehalem architecture, so that Tukwila and Nehalem might be able to use the same chipsets.
similar to the Nehalem Xeon processor code-named Beckton.
Itanium 9500 (Poulson): 2012
The Itanium 9500 series processor, code-named Poulson, is the follow-on processor to Tukwila and was released on November 8, 2012.
The Poulson L3 cache size is 32 MB.
L2 cache size is 6 MB, 512 I KB, 256 D KB per core.
Poulson's size is 544 mm², less than Tukwila's size (698.75 mm²).
Given Intel's history of sharing details about Itanium microprocessors at ISSCC, this paper most likely refers to Poulson.
Analyst David Kanter speculates that Poulson will use a new architecture, with a more advanced form of multi-threading that uses as many as two threads, to improve performance for single threaded and multi-threaded work.
In Intel's Product Change Notification (PCN) 111456–01, it listed 4 models of Itanium 9500 series CPU, which were removed in a revised version of the document.
The parts were later listed in Intel's Material Declaration Data Sheets (MDDS) database.
Intel later posted Itanium 9500 reference manual.
In comparison with its Xeon server processors, Itanium has never been a large product for Intel.
Intel does not release production numbers.
One industry analyst estimated that the production rate was 200,000 processors per year in 2007.
According to Gartner Inc., the total number of Itanium servers (not processors) sold by all vendors in 2007, was about 55,000. (
It is unclear whether clustered servers counted as a single server or not.)
This compares with 417,000 RISC servers (spread across all RISC vendors) and 8.4 million x86 servers.
IDC reports that a total of 184,000 Itanium-based systems were sold from 2001 through 2007.
For the combined POWER/SPARC/Itanium systems market, IDC reports that POWER captured 42% of revenue and SPARC captured 32%, while Itanium-based system revenue reached 26% in the second quarter of 2008.
According to Gartner, in 2008, HP had 95% of Itanium sales.
HP's Itanium system sales were at $4.4 Billion at the end of 2008, and $3.5 Billion by the end of 2009,
Hardware support
, only a few providers have Itanium systems, such as HP, Bull, NEC, Inspur and Huawei.
Intel offers a chassis that can be used by system integrators to build Itanium systems.
HP, the only one of the industry's top 4 server manufacturers to sell Itanium systems today, creating at least 80% of all Itanium systems.
HP sold 7,200 systems in the first quarter of 2006.
Most Itanium systems sold are enterprise servers and machines for large-scale technical computing, with each system costing about US $200,000.
Chipsets
The Itanium bus communicates with the rest of the system.
Enterprise server makers differentiate their systems by making their own chipsets that interface the processor to memory, interconnections, and peripheral controllers.
Creation of a chipset costs tens of millions of dollars and represents a major commitment to the use of the Itanium.
IBM created a chipset in 2003, and Intel in 2002, but neither of them has developed chipsets to support technologies such as DDR2 or PCI Express.
The "Tukwila" Itanium processor model had been designed to share a common chipset with the Intel Xeon processor EX (Intel's Xeon processor designed for four processor and larger servers).