the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The county seat is Atwood.
Atwood is also the biggest city in Rawlins County.
Of that,  is land and  (0.1%) is water.
U.S. Highway 36
Kansas Highway 117
The county is part of the very Republican Kansas's 1st congressional district.
It has voted for the Republican candidate for President in each of the last eighteen elections.
The last Democrat to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936.
In the last five Presidential elections the Democratic candidate has never won more than 21% of the county's vote.
Rawlins County USD 105
Standard Atlas of Rawlins County, Kansas; Geo.
A. Ogle & Co; 64 pages; 1906.
Rawlins County - Directory of Public Officials
Rawlins County - Community Development
Rawlins County Square Deal News, newspaper
Rawlins County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Meade County (standard abbreviation: ME) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 4,575 people lived there.
The county seat is Meade.
Meade is also the biggest city in Meade County.
The county was created in 1873.
It was named after General George G. Meade.
Meade County is often won by Republican Candidates.
The last time a democratic candidate has won this county was in 1936 by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Fowler USD 225
Meade USD 226
Plat Book of Meade County, Kansas; R. P. Ice Co; 43 pages; 1909.
Meade County - Directory of Public Officials
General county information
Meade County Economic Development
Meade Chamber of Commerce
Meade County History
Meade County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Mitchell County (standard abbreviation: MC) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 6,373 people lived there.
The county seat is Beloit.
Beloit is also the biggest city in Mitchell County.
Of that,  is land and  (2.4%) is water.
Before 1940, Mitchell County was a swing county.
They voted for the national winner in every presidential election from 1900 to 1936.
Since 1940, it has become very Republican.
Only George H. W. Bush in 1992 failed win a majority in the county due to Ross Perot's strong showing in Kansas.
Waconda USD 272
Glen Elder and Cawker City
Beloit USD 273
most of county, except those zoned to Waconda and Hunter and Tipton, which are zoned to Sylvan Unified USD 299
St. John's Catholic High School
Tipton Catholic High School
North Central Kansas Technical College (Beloit)
Simpson (partly in Cloud County)
Standard Atlas of Mitchell County, Kansas; Geo.
A. Ogle & Co; 73 pages; 1917.
A. Ogle & Co; 56 pages; 1902.
Atlas of Mitchell County, Kansas; Gillen & Davy; 45 pages; 1884.
Mitchell County - Directory of Public Officials
Mitchell County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Russell County (standard abbreviation: RS) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 6,970 people lived there.
The county seat is Russell.
Russell is also the biggest city in Russell County.
Of that,  is land and  (1.5%) is water.
Central Plains USD 112 (serves Dorrance and southeastern part of county south of I-70; extends into Barton, Ellsworth and Rice Counties)
Sylvan-Lucas Unified USD 299 (serves Lucas, Luray and northeast part of county along K-18; extends into Lincoln County)
Natoma/Paradise/Waldo USD 399 (serves Paradise, Waldo and northwest part of county along K-18; extends into Osborne and Rooks Counties)
Russell USD 407 (serves cities of Russell, Gorham, Bunker Hill and rural south central and southwest parts of county; does not extend into any other counties)
Russell County in the War : Being a Record of the War Activities of the County and the Part that it Played in the Great Struggle; John E. Wilson; Capper Printing; 190 pages; 1921.
Plat Book of Russell County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 47 pages; 1901.
Guide Map of the Best and Shortest Cattle Trail to the Kansas Pacific Railway; Kansas Pacific Railway Company; 1875. (
Read Online)(Map)
Russell County - Directory of Public Officials
Russell County Fair, held the first week of August
Russell County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Rush County (standard abbreviation: RH) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 3,307 people lived there.
The county seat is La Crosse.
La Crosse is also the biggest city in Rush County.
In 1867, Rush County was created.
Rush County was organized on December 5, 1874.
La Crosse and Rush Center competed to become the county seat.
This lasted 10 years until La Crosse finally became the county seat.
In 2015, the "Alexander Wind Farm" was built south of Alexander.
It cost about $85 million.
It generates 48 megawatts of power.
Of that,  is land and  (0.03%) is water.
Walnut Creek, a tributary of the Arkansas River, goes through the county.
Other streams help provide it water.
LaCrosse USD 395
Otis-Bison USD 403
Plat book of Rush County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 33 pages; 1901.
Rush County - Directory of Public Officials
History of Cities in Rush County
Rush County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Ruanruan (; also called Rouran) is an extinct language of Mongolia and northern China.
It was spoken in the Rouran Khaganate from the 4th to the 6th centuries CE.
It is possibly Altaic or Sino–Tibetan.
In 2018, Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi inscriptions suggest that the Ruan-ruan language was a Mongolic language, close to Middle Mongolian.
Phillips County (standard abbreviation: PL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 5,642 people lived there.
The county seat is Phillipsburg.
Phillipsburg is also the biggest city in Phillips County.
Phillips County is very Republican.
No Democratic Presidential candidate has won Phillips County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.
Thunder Ridge USD 110 (Consolidation of Agra-Eastern Heights and Kensington-West Smith County)
Agra and small eastern portion of county; extends into western third of Smith County
Northern Valley USD 212
Long Island and northwestern corner of county; extends into northeastern Norton County
Phillipsburg USD 325
city of Phillipsburg and areas near and along US 183
Logan USD 326
southwestern corner of county along and south of K-9; goes into southeastern Norton County
Standard Atlas of Phillips County, Kansas; Geo.
A. Ogle & Co; 78 pages; 1917.
Plat Book of Phillips County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 49 pages; 1900.
Phillips County - Directory of Public Officials
Phillips County - Economic Development
Phillips County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Pawnee County (standard abbreviation: PN) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 6,973 people lived there.
The county seat is Larned.
Larned is also the biggest city in Pawnee County.
Pawnee County has been mostly Republican for its history.
However, there have been multiple time where it was considered a swing county.
This means backing the national winner in all presidential elections from 1904 to 1936 as well as 1964 to 1988.
It has moved away from bellwether status since 1988.
Larned USD 495
Pawnee Heights USD 496
Along the Old Trail; Tucker Vernon Co; 190 pages; 1910.
History of Pawnee County (page 113 to 134).
Larned and Pawnee County at Present (page 135 to 190).
Atlas and Plat Book of Pawnee County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 37 pages; 1916.
Plat Book of Pawnee County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 36 pages; 1902.
Pawnee County - Directory of Public Officials
Pawnee County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Chautauqua County (county code CQ) is a county in Southeast Kansas.
In 2010, 3,669 people lived there.
Its county seat is Sedan.
Sedan is also the biggest city in Chautauqua County.
Chautauqua County is named after Chautauqua County, New York, where Edward Jaquins was born.
Jaquins was a Kansas politician who was important in getting the county created.
Chautauqua County was created by an act of the Kansas legislature on June 1, 1875.
They divided Howard County into Elk County (the northern half) and Chautauqua County (the southern half).
At the time of its creation, about 7,400 people lived there.
Kansas Highway 38
Kansas Highway 99
Chautauqua is a very Republican county.
The only Republican to ever lose the county has been Herbert Hoover in 1932.
Other than the never-Democratic, historically Yankee Doniphan County, Chautauqua County was the only Kansas county to give incumbent President William Howard Taft a plurality in 1912.
The last Democrat to win thirty percent of the county’s vote was Michael Dukakis in 1988.
In 2016 Hillary Clinton won only thirteen percent.
Cedar Vale USD 285
Sedan USD 286
Handbook of Elk and Chautauqua Counties, Kansas; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 24 pages; 1886.
Standard Atlas of Chautauqua County, Kansas; Geo.
A. Ogle & Co; 32 pages; 1903.
Chautauqua County - Directory of Public Officials
Chautauqua County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Chase County (county code CS) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 2,790 people lived there.
Its county seat is Cottonwood Falls.
Cottonwood Falls is also the biggest city in Chase County.
The center of population of Kansas is in Chase County, about four miles north of Strong City.
The south-western border one mile "notch" into Marion County was created under strange circumstances.
There was a murder.
Marion County didn't want to have the trial, so a section one mile wide and eighteen miles long was given to Chase County.
This was to make it so that the murder had happened there.
The one mile strip of land is still part of Chase County.
Historical markers
Landmark of Distinction - The Chase County Courthouse.
Chase County and The Bluestem Pasture Region of Kansas.
The Bluestem Pasture Region of Kansas.
W. B. Strong Memorial Railroad Park.
Interstate 35 All of I-35 in Chase County is part of the Kansas Turnpike.
The general public can't get to it from inside the county.
K-150
K-177
USD 284, Chase County
Cottonwood Falls, Strong City, Matfield Green, Cedar Point, Elmdale, Clements, Saffordville, Bazaar, Rural Areas
Chase County Junior/Senior High School
Wonsevu, Rural Areas
Peabody-Burns Junior/Senior High School
Chase County - Its Past, Present, and Future; Chase County Leader; May 28, 1914.
Plat Book of Chase County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 39 pages; 1901.
Chase County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Cheyenne County (county code CN) is a county in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Kansas.
In 2010, 2,726 people lived there.
Its county seat is St. Francis.
St. Francis is also the biggest city in Cheyenne County.
Kansas Highway 27
Kansas Highway 161
The county is in the Central Time zone, but is bordered by the Mountain Time Zone in three directions; it is the only county in the United States to be like this.
Dundy County, Nebraska to the north, Yuma County, Colorado and Kit Carson County, Colorado to the west, and Sherman County to the south are all in the Mountain Time Zone.
Because of this, Rawlins County is Cheyenne County's only neighbor to also practice Central Time.
Cheyenne County is very Republican.
Only four Republican presidential candidates since 1888 have lost the county.
Cheylin USD 103
St. Francis Schools USD 297
Standard Atlas of Cheyenne County, Kansas; Geo.
A. Ogle & Co; 48 pages; 1907.
Cheyenne County - Directory of Public Officials
Cheyenne County Hospital
St. Francis Herald
Cheyenne County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Heqin means marriage alliance.
The term is used in Chinese history.
An emperor would marry one of his princesses to his enemy.
In return they would have peace with the enemy.
It did not always work, and many people hated it.
They were either proto-Mongols or Turkic.
They spoke the Ruanruan language, an Altaic or Sino–Tibetan language.
They descended from the Xianbei.
The Rouran are the first to use the words "khan" or "khagan".
The Rouran Khaganate existed between the 4-6 centuries.
They were then overthrown by the Gokturks.
This led to the rise of the Turkic peoples.
The Rouran may have fled west after that and become part of the Pannonian Avars.
The Göktürks chased after these "Avars" into the Byzantine Empire.
The Rouran were nomads.
They lived in the eastern Eurasian Steppe (Mongolia and northeast China).
They overthrew the Xianbei.
Most Xianbei moved south and lived in Northern China.
Kwok Kin Poon argues the Rouran descended from the Donghu Xianbei.
The founder of the Rouran Khaganate was Yujiulu Shelun.
He descended from slaves of the Xianbei.
The Xianbei used the word rouran to mean "wriggling worms".
In 402 Shelun unified all of the Rouran.
They defeated the neighboring Tiele and expanded to the Silk Roads.
They then conquered and vassalized the Hephthalites (of Central Asia) until 5th century.
The Hepthalites then moved towards India and replaced the Yuezhi in Bactria.
The Hephtalites borrowed much culture and language from the Rouran: including the word "Khan".
Overthrow by Gokturks
In 551, Bumin of the Ashina Göktürks () defeated the Tiele revolt for the Rouran.
In return Bumin asked for a Rouran princess (heqin).
Rouran refused, so Bumin declared independence.
Bumin made a heqin with the Western Wei (descend from Northern Wei).
Bumin then attacked the Rouran in 552, killing Yujiulü Anagui.
Bumin then conquered Otuken.
He declared himself Illig Khagan and started the Turkic Khaganate.
He died soon Bumin but his son Issik Qaghan succeeded him.
Issik continued attacking the Rouran but died a year later in 553.
His brother Muqan Qaghan finished the job and annihilated the Rouran in 555.
The Eurasian Steppe (or Ya'ou Steppe; 亚欧草原) is a steppe ecoregion (a huge stretch of grasslands) in north Eurasia.
It stretches from Eastern Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, to Mongolia and north China.
It is south of Siberia.
For most of history, nomads lived and wandered there on horseback.
The horse may have came from the steppe, around Kazakhstan.
With the horses the steppe was a highway that moved people from China to Europe.
For this reason it became important for the Silk Road.
The steppe has been ruled by many empires.
Examples are the Altaic people, Chinese, Slavic people, and Central Asians: including the Xiongnu, Scythians, Han dynasty, Xianbei, Sogdians, Turkic Khaganate, Khazars, Tang Dynasty, Mongol Empire, Russian Empire, and Qing dynasty.
Ötüken was the capital of the Turkic Khaganate.
Otugan was around Mongolia and Central Asia on the Khangan Plateau.
Ötüken probably stretched "from the Khangai Range of Central Mongolia to the Sayan Mountains of Tuva [Siberia], at the centre of which is the Orkhon Valley".
which for centuries was regarded as the seat of the imperial power of the steppes.
It was also an important place in Turkic mythology and Tengrism.
Otukan means Mother Earth.
The Chu (or Shu, from Chinese:  chǔ) is a river in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan.
It is 1067 km long and is one of the longest rivers in Central Asia, a landlocked region.
They are the homeplace of the Dungan people, who moved there during the Qing dynasty.
Lake Balkhash () is located in Kazakhstan.
It is one of the largest lakes in Asia and 15th largest in the world.
It belongs to a Central Asian endorheic basin shared by Kazakhstan, China, and Kyrgyzstan.
Water moves from the basin to Balqash via seven rivers.
The most important one is the Ili River.
Water in the Ili River comes from melted snow from the mountains of China's Xinjiang.
The North–South Corridor (NSC), at first known as the North–South Expressway, will be the 11th expressway of Singapore.
It will serve extra traffic along the north-south corridor that is currently being served by the Central Expressway (CTE).
It was announced on 30 January 2008.
It was announced during a major review of Singapore's transport network by the Land Transport Authority (LTA).
The  expressway would cost about S$7–8 billion when to build.
It is planned to be finished being built in 2026.
It will connect the East Coast Parkway (ECP) with the northern parts of Singapore.
The NSC will have 16 entrances and 17 exits to connect towns along the north-south corridor.
They are Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun, Ang Mo Kio, Bishan and Toa Payoh.
It will connect them with the city centre.
The NSC will also connect with already-built expressways, like the Seletar Expressway (SLE), Pan-Island Expressway (PIE) and East Coast Parkway (ECP).
According to the Land Transport Authority, the bus lanes along the NSC will reduce bus travelling times from Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun and Ang Mo Kio to the city by up to 30 minutes.
It is done through morning and evening peak express bus services.
It can speed up bus routes between towns along the NSC faster by allowing buses to use the ramps and bus lanes in it.
A cycling path along the entire length of the highway will link up Park Connector Networks and cycling path networks within HDB towns along the entire road to the city centre.
At first, it was supposed to be built by 2023.
Because of construction delays, it now can only be built by 2026.
On 19 January 2011, the government allowed the expressway to be built.
It was to be built between the roads Admiralty Road West and Toa Payoh Rise.
On 15 November 2011, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) revealed the whole route of the North-South Corridor.
It was first planned to be an expressway for vehicles to be built by 2020.
However, the corridor will now be built as Singapore's first "integrated transport corridor".
It will have bus routes and cycling path along the entire expressway.
Its construction was supposed to start in 2017, and it was supposed to be finally built by 2023.
However, the first contract was only given in November 2017, with construction work starting in early 2018.
The NSC will stat at Admiralty Road West in the North of Singapore.
It would go south and pass by Woodlands and Sembawang.
It would have a junction with the Seletar Expressway.
It would then go through Toa Payoh.
It would run parallel with the Central Expressway, and then join the East Coast Parkway in the city.
The LTA tried to use as much state land as possible.
This makes sure that as few private properties are take  as possible.
Even though the expressway is underground in its Southern part, some land had to be taken.
This is because there are MRT tunnels blocking its way.
The Rochor Centre had to be demolished because of this.
Some underpasses at Novena Square had to be demolished.
The Ellison Building may also have to be demolished.
Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway
Pan Island Expressway
Tampines Expressway
Seletar Expressway
Kranji Expressway
Pentium 4 is a seventh generation single core Microprocessor of x86 architecture (32-bit), manufactured by Intel.
Its first complete redesign CPU (called NetBurst) since the processor Pentium Pro, released in 1995.
Compared to the Pentium II, Pentium III and Celeron processors, its architecture is little similar to the Pentium Pro/P6 processor design.
The NetBurst microarchitecture contains a very deep instruction pipeline to be able to achieve very high frequencies.
The Pentium 4 was known for being inefficient and producing a large amount of heat.
Because of this, Intel introduced the Core 2 in 2006.
Intel stopped making the Pentium 4 in 2008.
Processors released in the 21st century
The Lee-Enfield is a series of bolt-action rifles that was used by the British Armed Forces.
It was the main British rifle for the first half of the 20th century, and was used until the end of the century.
Even though bolt-action rifles tend to fire much more slowly than semi-automatic or fully automatic weapons, the Lee-Enfield can fire almost as fast as a semi-automatic rifle if the shooter is well-trained with the weapon.
This is because the rifle's bolt needs very little movement to eject and load the rifle.
The Mosin-Nagant is a series of bolt-action rifles used by the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union.
It was their main rifle throughout the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and World War II.
After World War II, it was replaced by the SKS rifle.
It was also commonly used by the USSR's allies during the Cold War, and it is still used today by some smaller militaries.
It is also popular with civilians due to its cheap price.
It is the most produced bolt-action rifle of all-time.
More than 37 million Mosin-Nagants were made.
The 7.62 x 54mmR round is a bullet used for Russian guns.
It is used for guns like the Mosin–Nagant rifle, the SVD rifle, and the PK machine gun.
The Baizu (Bai language: 白和; ; literally: white people) are East Asian.
They are one of the 56 ethnic groups of China.
In 2010 their population was 1,933,510.
They live mostly in Yunnan.
Tubo (, Tibetan: བོད་ཆེན་པོ, bod chen po), also called the Tibetan Empire, existed from the 7th to 9th centuries.
Its first king was Songtsen Gampo.
Its second king was Mangsong Mangzan.
It controlled the Tibetan Plateau as well as parts of Central Asia and South Asia.
They came after the Zhangzhung people, who practiced the Bon religion.
The Tibet empire imported Buddhism from China and India, combined it with the native Bon religion, and created Tibetan Buddhism.
Gampo also helped invent the Tibetan alphabet during this time.
The Bamar (Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး bama loo-myo), Burmese or Burmans are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar.
The Bamar live around the Irrawaddy River.
They speak the Burmese language, the official language of Myanmar.
Where they are from
The Burmese-speaking people first migrated from Yunnan, China to the Irrawaddy valley in the 7th century.
Over the following centuries, the Burmese absorbed other groups like the Pyu.
DNA tests show that the Bamar are East Eurasian, related to Southeast Asian and Northeast Asian people.
But they also have "Indian influences".
What they speak
The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language.
So basic words are related to Chinese language and Tibetan language.
Many words related to Buddhism are borrowed from Pali.
The Burmese alphabet itself is based on Indian scripts.
Nanzhao are a Sino-Tibetan kingdom that existed southern China and Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries.
It was centered in Yunnan, China.
Most Nanzhao were Bai people.
They spoke Nuosu (Yi), a Tibeto-Burman language related to Burmese.
They descended from the Cuan clan.
The Cuan migrated from Taiyuan to Yunnan during Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign in 225.
By the fourth century they controlled Yunnan.
In 593, they rebelled against the Sui dynasty.
But in 602 the Sui destroyed the rebellion.
The Cuan split into two groups: the Black and White Mywa.
The White Mywa tribes lived near lake Erhai.
In 704 the Tubo made these kingdoms into vassals or tributaries.
In 737, the Tang dynasty helped unify the tribes and create a new kingdom called the Nanzhao (南诏 "Southern Zhao").
In 738 the capital was established in Taihe (south of Dali).
It was in the Erhai valley; the mountains made it easy to defend; and there was a lot of farmland.
Tubo alliance
In 750 the Nanzhao attacked the Tang.
In 751 Tang governor of Sichuan, Xianyu Zhongtong then attacked Nanzhao with an army of 80,000 soldiers.
He was defeated by Duan Jianwei (段俭魏).
In 754, the Tang sent another 100,000 soldiers, led by General Li Mi (李宓), but never made it past Mu'ege.
The Tubo then became friends with the Tubo.
This alliance then ended in 794.
Nanzhao attacks on Tang
In 801 the Nanzhao and Tang defeated Tibetan and their slave Abbasid soldiers.
Nanzhao then expanded into Myanmar and conquered Pyu city-states from 820-832.
In 829, the Nanzhao failed to attack Chengdu (Sichuan).
In the 830s, they conquered Kunlun to the east and Nuwang to the south.
In 846, 859, 863, the Nanzhao attacked Annam (Vietnam, then part of the Tang).
In 869, the Nanzhao again failed to capture Chengdu.
In 873, the Yang family of Shanxi kicked the Nanzhao were out of Sichuan.
In 877 the Yang kicked them out of Guizhou.
The Nanzhao retreated to Yunnan, and they slowly died.
In 902, their chief minister murdered most of the royal family, including the heir apparent.
In 937, Duan Siping seized power and created the Dali Kingdom.
They were Buddhists
They were Vajrayana Buddhists.
Many people living in Yunnan still are.
They called it Azhali.
Azhali is a bit different from Han Buddhist schools like Zen (Chan Buddhism).
But it has Han, Tibetan, and Burmese influences.
Nanzhao likely had strong religious connections with the Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar), Tibet, and Bengal (Pala Empire).
It was started around 821-824 by an Indian monk from India called Candragupta (赞陀崛多, Zantuojueduo).
More monks from India arrived in 825 and 828 and helped build a temple in Heqing.
Roseanne Park is a New Zealand-born Australian singer.
She is based in South Korea and goes by the mononym Rosé.
She a member of Blackpink, which as of 2019 is the highest-charting female K-pop group.
On March 12 2021, she debuted as a solo artist with her single album -R-, which received lots of positive feedback from listeners.
Rosé is also well known on social media as she has over 40.2 million of followers on Instagram.
Rosé was born in New Zealand on 11 February 1997.
At the age of seven, she moved to Australia.
In 2012, she had an audition for YG Entertainment at the age of 16.
She later signed with YG Entertainment and moved to South Korea.
In 2018 it was announced that BLACKPINK has been signed to INTERSCOPE Records.
"-R-" (2021)
Unused letters
: the letter I could be confused with Line 1.
: the letter O could be confused with the number 0, which the MTA uses to help their computers recognize the 42nd Street Shuttle.
: the letter P could sound funny or rude, because it sounds like the word “pee”.
: the letter U could be confused with with the word “you”.
: the letter Y could be confused with with the word “why”.
Internal numbers and letters
The MTA privately (or internally) uses the number 0 and the letter H, to help their computers recognize the three separate shuttles.
The three shuttles use the letter S on maps and posters, and this can confuse computers.
: The number 0 represents the 42nd Street Shuttle.
: The letter H represents the Rockaway Park Shuttle.
The last time that the MTA used the letter H on maps and posters was in 2012, because the damage from Hurricane Sandy prevented the MTA from running Line A.
Reserved letters
: the letter T represents a service that the MTA plans to run, when they finish building the Second Avenue Subway.
: the letter X represents a service that the MTA plans to run in the future, but have not decided on what number or letter to use.
Defunct letters and numbers
: the number 8 used to represent trains that ran on the IRT Third Avenue Line.
Line 8 stopped running on April 28, 1973, when the MTA closed the Third Avenue Line.
: the number 9 used to represent trains that made fewer stops along the same route as Line 1.
Line 9 stopped running on May 27, 2005, because it caused riders to wait too long for other trains on the IRT Broadway - Seventh Avenue Line.
: the letter K used to represent trains that ran via the IND Eighth Avenue Line, between 168th Street and World Trade Center.
Line K stopped running on  December 11, 1988.
: the letter V used to represent trains that ran via the IND Sixth Avenue Line, between Forest Hills–71st Avenue and Lower East Side–Second Avenue.
Line V stopped running on June 25, 2010, because the MTA did not have enough money to operate the service.
Unused or defunct letters and numbers on trains
: Trains of the R62 and R62A type can display the numbers 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13.
When the trains first entered service, the MTA was thinking of replacing diamond-shaped symbols with separate numbers to represent fast trains.
: Trains of the R32 and R32A type can display the letters P, T, U, X, and Y. The extra letters allow the MTA to use any of those letters for a special service, during an emergency.
The G98 Mauser rifle is a bolt-action rifle used by Germany from 1898 until the end of World War I. It was the German military's main rifle during that time.
In 1935, it was replaced by Kar98k, a carbine version of the G98.
It was not the first bolt-action rifle ever made, but its design is so well-liked by militaries worldwide that many bolt-action rifles copied its design.
Some rifles based on the G98 that were made in other countries include the American M1903 Springfield rifle and the Japanese Type 38 and Type 99 Arisaka rifles.
Even today, many bolt-action rifles still follow the G98's basic design.
The rifle held up to five 7.92 x 57mm Mauser rounds.
It was also clip-fed, which means that the shooter can load many bullets at one time, rather than just one bullet at a time.
The Springfield was based on the German G98 Mauser rifle.
It holds up to five .30-06 Springfield bullets.
It was the US's main rifle during World War I. In 1936, it was replaced by the M1 Garand, a semi-automatic rifle.
This was because semi-automatic rifles could fire bullets more quickly than bolt-action rifles.
This was important because in World War I much of the fighting took place in trenches.
In tight spaces like those in trench warfare, it is very important to be able to shoot quickly, and semi-automatic firearms do a better job at that than bolt-action rifles.
However, it was still commonly used during World War II, and it became the main sniper rifle for the US.
It was the main sniper rifle of the US until the early part of the Vietnam War.
The .30-06 Springfield cartridge, pronounced "thirty-aught-six", is a bullet used for guns made in the United States.
It was first used for the M1903 Springfield rifle.
In the US military, it was the main bullet used for rifles and light machine guns for the first half of the 20th century.
Guns that shot the .30-06 include the M1903 Springfield, the M1 Garand, the M1917, the M1919 Browning machine gun, and the BAR.
However, when the US created NATO, it replaced all the .30-06 military weapons with those that used the 7.62 x 51mm NATO bullet.
This is because NATO requires the militaries of all its member countries to use the same kinds of ammunition.
Effective range is the distance a well-aimed bullet can hit a target accurately.
A bullet shot can actually travel far past its effective range, but it is not certain if it will hit its target then, even if the shot was well-aimed.
Generally, bullets with a higher muzzle velocity will have a longer effective range.
Muzzle velocity is the speed that a bullet travels as soon as it is fired.
Bullets with higher muzzle velocities tend to have higher effective ranges.
Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby,  (née Catlin; 27 July 1930 – 12 April 2021) was a retired British politician.
Williams was originally a Labour MP - first elected to the House of Commons in 1964 - but left to found the Social Democratic Party (later the Liberal Democrats) in 1981.
She served in government through the 1960s and 70s, but was defeated as an MP in 1983.
She was awarded a life peerage in 1993 and retired in 2016.
She was made a Companion of Honour in 2017.
Williams was the daughter of the author Vera Brittain and Sir George Catlin.
She died on 12 April 2021, aged 90.
Lady Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser CH DBE (née Pakenham; born 27 August 1932) is a British historian and author.
She is best known for history books, biographies and detective stories.
Lady Antonia was the daughter of the 7th Earl and Countess of Longford.
She was married to Hugh Fraser from 1956 until their divorce in 1977.
She was then married to the playwright Harold Pinter from 1980 until his death in 2008.
She attended the University of Oxford.
Her first major book - a biography of Mary, Queen of Scots was published in 1969.
Dame Evelyn Elizabeth Ann Glennie CH DBE (born 19 July 1965) is a Scottish musician specialising in percussion.
Glennie has been deaf since the age of 12.
She uses vibrations of the instruments to play during performances.
Her deafness was first discovered by her mother Isabel Glennie when Evelyn tries to play a piano at the age of 8.
The terajoule (TJ) is equal to one trillion (1012) joules; or about 0.278 GWh (which is often used in energy tables).
About 63 TJ of energy was released by the atomic bomb that exploded over Hiroshima.
The International Space Station, with a mass of approximately 450 megagrams and orbital velocity of 7.7 km/s, has a kinetic energy of roughly 13 TJ.
In 2017 Hurricane Irma was estimated to have a peak wind energy of 112 TJ.
The Hipercor bombing was a car bombing by Basque separatist group ETA.
It happened on 19 June 1987 at the Hipercor shopping centre on Avinguda Meridiana, Barcelona, Spain.
It killed 21 people and injured another 45.
History of Barcelona
Lady Mary Elizabeth Peters LG CH DBE (born 6 July 1939) is a retired athlete and sportsperson from Northern Ireland.
She won a gold medal at the 1972 Olympic Games for pentathlon, as well as three gold medals in the Commonwealth Games in shot put and pentathlon.
She founded the Mary Peters Trust which helps young people in Northern Ireland to take part in sport.
She was also Lord Lieutenant of Belfast from 2009 to 2014.
Dame Kathleen Lonsdale DBE FRS (née Yardley; 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971) was a British scientist.
She got her degree from University College London in 1924, and was awarded a doctorate in 1934.
She used X-ray diffraction to work out the structure of lots of chemicals, and used X-rays to study crystals.
At 5 am on July 24, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical depression.
At 8 o'clock in the morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a gale warning, and the Central Meteorological Bureau of Taiwan upgraded it to a tropical depression, giving the number 11.
At 11 am, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical depression.
In the afternoon, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the rating to “High” and issued a tropical cyclone warning.
At 8 am on July 26, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical storm.
At 9 o'clock in the morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical storm, giving the international number 1906 and named it "Nari."
The Hong Kong Observatory downgraded Nari to a tropical depression at 2 am on July 27 and downgraded it to a low pressure zone at 2 pm.
At 6 o'clock in the morning, Nari landed in the south of Mie Prefecture, Japan.
At 3 pm, the Japan Meteorological Agency downgraded to a tropical depression.
On the morning of July 28, Nari completely dissipated.
Damage and impact
Heavy rain and gusty winds spread across central Honshu through Saturday.
Localized downpours will also spread over eastern Shikoku.
Nari
Leake County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
As of the 2010 census, 23,805 people lived there.
Simpson County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
As of the 2010 census, 27,503 people lived there.
Its county seat is Mendenhall.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.2%) is water.
Rankin County (north)
Smith County (east)
Jefferson Davis County (south)
Lawrence County (southwest)
Copiah County (west)
Magee
Mendenhall
D'Lo
Braxton
Harrisville
Pinola
Apache is a town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States.
The population was 1,444 at the 2010 census.
Arapaho is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meets to try to get common legislative goals.
Officially, caucuses are created as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
They are governed under the rules of these chambers.
They are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups.
Many other countries use the term parliamentary group—for example, the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.
Nelson Mandela Muntz  is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons.
Nelson is a school bully.
Nelson constantly laughs at other people.
He first appeared in the episode, Bart the General, in which Bart Simpson convinces everyone to fight back against Nelson.
Nelson repeatedly throws Bart into a trash can.
He also is seen pushing people into lockers and torments other characters especially Milhouse Van Houten and more often minor character Martin Prince by giving them wedgies.
In the episode Revenge is a Dish Best Served Three Times Over, in a story called The Revenge of the Geeks, Milhouse gets revenge against all the bullies using a weapon that causes them to experience everything they did to the nerds.
Lisa Simpson convinces Milhouse to put down his weapon and Nelson shows up saying "you forgot about me because I had the mumps" and then uses Milhouse's weapon against Milhouse.
In the episode Dial N for Nerder, Martin Prince is seemingly killed by Bart Simpson and Lisa Simpson who then cover up what happened and Nelson tries to get to the bottom of it.
It is revealed in the show that when he was a young child Nelson's father left to get a pack of cigarettes and never came back.
Nelson is poor.
At one point Nelson dates Lisa Simpson.
Avant is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
It is in Osage County.
Arnett is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 13 households, and 7 families living in the town.
The population density was 81.2 people per square mile (31.8/km2).
There were 17 houses at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (19.3/km2).
The racial makeup of the town was 92.86% White and 7.14% African American.
Bradley is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
It is in Grady County.
Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 film for the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
It was positively welcomed from audiences, fans and film critics alike which praised its directing, story, humor, characters dynamic, emotional weight, Alan Silvestri's musical score, Thanos's rappresentation, CGI and the action scenes.
A sequel was made for it titled Avengers: Endgame.
The supervillain Thanos comes from a planet called Titan whose people are all dead because of overpopulation.
To prevent the same thing from happening to other worlds, Thanos decides to kill half of all living beings on every planet in the entire Universe.
To do that, Thanos tries to find six Infinity Stones and bring them together in a glove called an Infinity Gauntlet so that he can make anything he wants to happen with a snap of his fingers.
Thanos gets an Infinity Stone called the Power Stone by destroying the planet Xandar.
He gets an Infinity Stone called the Space Stone by striking a deal with Loki in exchange for not killing Thor.
He steals the Reality Stone from a person in space called the Collector, he gets the Soul Stone in exchange for killing his daughter Gamora.
He strikes a deal with Dr. Strange to get the Time Stone in exchange for not killing Iron Man.
He leads an alien invasion of Earth to get the Mind Stone from the robot superhero Vision by killing him.
The Avengers, Spider-Man, Black Panther and the Guardians of the Galaxy all work together to stop Thanos.
Thanos then snaps his fingers and causes half of all living beings on every planet in the entire Universe to disappear from existence.
There is a scene after the credits where Nick Fury successfully tries to signal someone who can do something about it but he gets killed by Thanos's snap.
Hank Stuever is an American journalist working for the Washington Post.
He writes for its Style section about entertainment.
The Dublin and Monaghan bombings happened in Dublin and Monaghan, Republic of Ireland on 17 May 1974.
The Ulster Volunteer Force used 3 car bombs in Dublin and another one in Monaghan to kill 33 people and injure nearly 300 others.
The bombings were the deadliest attack in the Troubles.
It was also the deadliest attack in the Republic of Ireland's history.
Barron Report:
Justice for the Forgotten – organisation of victims of the bombings and relatives
Key Events – The Dublin and Monaghan Bombs, 17 May 1974 – Conflict Archive on the Internet, University of Ulster
1974 Dublin Bombings collection of 148 photographs on the Dublin City Council public libraries website
Monaghan bombings
Hexadecene, also known as cetene, is an alkene containing 16 carbon atoms, with a molecular formula of C16H32.
There are eight different structural isomers of hexadecene, depending on the location of the double carbon bond.
Beetham Tower (also known as the Hilton Tower) is a landmark 47-storey mixed use skyscraper in Manchester, England.
Completed in 2006, it is named after its developers, the Beetham Organisation, and was designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners.
The development occupies a sliver of land at the top of Deansgate, hence its elongated plan, and was proposed in July 2003, with construction starting a year later.
At a height of , it is the tallest externally complete building in Manchester and tallest outside London in the United Kingdom.
It was described by the Financial Times as "the UK's first proper skyscraper outside London".
From 2006 to 2018, the skyscraper was the tallest building in Manchester and outside London in the United Kingdom.
In November 2018 it was surpassed by the newly topped out South Tower at Deansgate Square; which is  tall.
As a result of the elongated floor plan, the structure is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world with a height to width ratio of 10:1 on the east west façade, but is noticeably wider on the north south façade.
A four-metre cantilever marks the transition between hotel and residential use on the north façade, and a blade structure on the south side of the building acts as a façade overrun accentuating its slim form and doubles as a lightning rod.
The skyscraper is visible from ten English counties on a clear day.
Floors 1 to 22 are occupied by the 279-bedroom four-star Hilton Manchester Deansgate Hotel.
The 23rd floor has a four-metre cantilevered overhang with two glass windows in its floor, overlooking the ground from the skybar, Cloud 23, the only such bar in Manchester.
The floor has a bar and lounge operated by Hilton.
Floors 25 to 47 are occupied by residential apartments.
The top floor penthouse offers views of Greater Manchester, the Cheshire Plain, the Pennines and Snowdonia.
The tower is known for emitting a loud unintentional hum or howl in windy weather, believed to emanate from the glass 'blade' atop the building.
The hum has been recorded as a B below middle C and can be heard over large parts of the local area.
Architectural response to the skyscraper is polarised and interpretations vary.
Some questioned its dominant appearance over the city – particularly over listed buildings with one author going as far to say the skyscraper instantly "torpedoed" any possibility of Manchester becoming a UNESCO World Heritage City – a status Manchester was previously on the United Kingdom shortlist for due its industrial past.
Others feel its dramatic appearance and peculiarity is reflective of Manchester, and that the Beetham Tower symbolises Manchester's reinvention as a post-industrial city - particularly since the bombing of 1996.
Nevertheless, it has received praise and was awarded the best tall building in the world in 2007 by the Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
Camp played some youth soccer in England and has trained with several prestigious professional clubs, including Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers in England, Real Valladolid in Spain, and Palmeiras in Brazil.
After starring at Clarke Central High School in Georgia, where he was a four-time all-area performer, he played college soccer at Duke University.
He became a regular starter and an all-ACC performer as a sophomore in 2003, then again in 2004 and 2005.
In 2004, he was named to the NCAA Final Four All Tournament team.
Camp was named to the Herman Trophy watch list in 2004 and 2005 and earned all-America honors as a junior and senior, finishing his collegiate career with 24 goals and the ACC Tournament MVP award as a senior.
An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.
Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader, but specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability (especially in sunlight), and battery life for this purpose.
Their main advantages over printed books are portability since an e-reader is capable of holding thousands of books while weighing less than one and the convenience provided due to add-on features in these devices.
Zhongli District () is a district in Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Zhongli is spelled variously as Jungli, Jongli, Jhongli or Chungli on railway, bus stop and road signs.
Historically, the city is the site of the Jungli Incident of 1977, the most significant event of the democratization movement prior to the 1980s.
Ethnically, it is considered a kind of capital city for the Hakka Taiwanese, who live in great numbers here and nearby; a lot of the elderly could speak Hakka in addition to Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien.
Recently many foreign workers (mainly from the Philippines and Thailand) have also settled in and around the city because of the heavy industries in the suburbs of the city.
It is a center for foreign laborers.
The city of Zhongli has 3 large parks and over 70 green reserves in the city for residents of Zhongli to enjoy.
Acastus (; Ancient Greek: Ἄκαστος) is a character in Greek mythology.
He sailed with Jason and the Argonauts, and participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar.
Acastus was the son of Pelias, then king of Iolcus, and Anaxibia (Philomache in some traditions).
Acastus with his wife Astydameia (also called Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) had two daughters: Sterope (Στερόπη) and Laodamia, and a number of sons.
Another daughter, Sthenele (Σθενέλη), was given by the Bibliotheca as the wife of Menoetius and mother of Patroclus.
After the return of the Argonauts, Acastus's sisters were manipulated by Medea to cut their father Pelias in pieces and boil them.
Acastus, when he heard this, buried his father, and drove Jason and Medea from Iolcus (and, according to Pausanias, his sisters also), and instituted funeral games in honor of his father.
Acastus purified Peleus of the murder of King Eurytion of Phthia.
Acastus's wife (variously named in mythology; often Astydamia, but sometimes Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) fell in love with Peleus but he scorned her.
Bitter, she sent a messenger to Antigone, Peleus's wife and daughter of Eurytion, to tell her that Peleus was to marry Acastus's daughter, Sterope.
Acastus took Peleus on a hunting trip and hid his sword while he slept, then abandoned him on Mt. Pelion to be killed by centaurs.
The wise centaur Chiron (or the god Hermes) returned Peleus' sword and Peleus managed to escape.
With Jason and the Dioscuri, Peleus sacked Iolcus, dismembered Astydamia (and, in some accounts, Acastus himself), and marched his army between the pieces.
Their kingdom later fell to Jason's son Thessalus.
The Presidential Commission of Uganda held the office of President of Uganda between 22 May and 15 December 1980.
It was made up of the following:
Saulo Musoke
Polycarp Nyamuchoncho
Yoweri Hunter Wacha-Olwol
The Enniskillen bombing took place on 8 November 1987 in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.
A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded near the town's centotaph during a Remembrance Sunday ceremony.
The ceremony was commemorating members of the British Armed Forces who had been killed in wars.
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway  (often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF) was a large railroad in the United States.
Created in February 1859, the railroad reached the Kansas-Colorado border in 1873 and Pueblo, Colorado, in 1876.
To create a demand for its services, the railroad set up real estate offices and sold farm land.
Despite the name, its main railroad never served Santa Fe, New Mexico.
This was because the terrain was too rough.
A branch line from Lamy reached Santa Fe instead.
The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (AT&SF) was created on February 11, 1859, to join Atchison and Topeka, Kansas, with Santa Fe, New Mexico.
In its early years, the railroad helped people settle in Kansas.
A lot of its revenue came from wheat grown there and from cattle driven north from Texas to Wichita and Dodge City by September 1872.
AT&SF reached Albuquerque in 1880.
Santa Fe (the original goal of the railroad) was on a short branch from Lamy, New Mexico.
Burlington Northern merger
On September 22, 1995, AT&SF merged with Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway (BNSF).
The two lines kept separate operations until December 31, 1996 when it officially became BNSF.
Source: Santa Fe Railroad (1945), Along Your Way, Rand McNally, Chicago, Illinois.
The Cosmopolitan (February 1893), The Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe.
Retrieved May 10, 2005.
Duke, Donald.
Fred Harvey, civilizer of the American Southwest (Pregel Press, 1995); The passenger trains stopped for meals at Fred Harvey restaurants.