the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He served as the President of Nigeria and the 13th Head of State.
He became governor of Katsina State in northern Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 28 May 2007.
He was declared the winner of the controversial Nigerian presidential election held on 21 April 2007, and was sworn in on 29 May 2007.
He was a member of the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP).
In 2009, Yar'Adua left for Saudi Arabia to receive treatment for pericarditis.
He returned to Nigeria in 2010, where he died on 5 May.
An aristocrat is a person of the highest social class of a society.
In many places, aristocrats have hereditary titles.
In some societies such as Ancient Greece, Rome, and India, aristocratic status may come from membership in a military caste.
It has also been very common for aristocrats to belong to priestly dynasties.
Aristocratic status can involve feudal or legal privileges.
They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
In modern era European societies, the term aristocracy has often been used synonymously with the nobility.
This was a specific class that arose in the Middle Ages.
The term aristocracy derives from the Greek  ἀριστοκρατία (aristokratia ἄριστος (aristos) "excellent," and κράτος (kratos) "power".
Discovery is the act of detecting something new, or something "old" that had been unknown.
In science and academic disciplines, discovery is the observation of new phenomena.
It is discovery of new actions, or new events.
It provides new reasoning to explain the knowledge gathered through such observations.
A discovery may sometimes be based on earlier discoveries, collaborations, or ideas.
Visual discoveries are often called sightings.
Scientific discovery
Before the 17th century, it took extraordinary genius to make even small discoveries.
Men such as Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton and many of their contemporaries made great discoveries.
But their greatest contribution was in developing and furthering the scientific method.
This was an organized method of making new discoveries.
By the end of the century science literally exploded with new discoveries.
Ordinary educated scientists could now do what only geniuses could do before.
Ancient Greeks depended on observation and philosophy to come up with theories about the physical laws of the universe.
Beginning in the 17th century scientists now used scientific proof of their discoveries through experiments.
They also defended their discoveries against their peers.
This was an important part of the scientific method.
Vafa Guluzade (; 21 December 1940 – 1 May 2015) was an Azerbaijani diplomat, political scientist and specialist in conflict resolution.
He worked as Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President Heydar Aliyev between 1990 and 1999.
Guluzade was born in Baku to a Shia Muslim family.
He was married to Leyla Ahmadova.
They had a daughter (1974–2010).
Guluzade died from heart failure after surgery on 1 May 2015 in Baku.
Michael Joseph Ingelido (November 20, 1916 – April 28, 2015) was an American Air Force major general.
He was Commander of the Fourteenth Aerospace Force, (Air Defense Command), Ent Air Force Base in Colorado.
He joined the Air Force in 1941 less than two weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor of World War II, and retired in 1972 during the Vietnam War.
Ingelido was born in Meriden, Connecticut.
He married his wife Elinor Affinto Ingelido in 1942.
David Bruce "Dave" Goldberg (October 2, 1967 – May 1, 2015) was an American businessman.
He was a Yahoo!
executive before joining SurveyMonkey in 2009, and later became CEO.
He also co-founded LAUNCH Media with Bob Roback.
Goldberg was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota to a Jewish family.
He graduated from Harvard University in 1989.
He was married to Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg and had two children.
Goldberg died on May 1, 2015 at a resort in Punta Mita, near Puerto Vallarta in southwest Mexico, aged 47.
He died from head trauma and blood loss after falling off a treadmill.
Elizabeth "Beth" Whittall (May 26, 1936 – May 1, 2015) was a Canadian champion breaststroke and freestyle swimmer.
At age 17, she won a silver medal at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, British Columbia.
He won two gold medals at the 1955 Pan American Games in Mexico City, Mexico.
In 1987, at the age of 50, she set a Canadian record in the 200-metre freestyle for competitors in the 50 to 54 age range.
Whittall was born in Montreal, Quebec.
She studied pharmacy at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States.
She died on May 1, 2015, aged 78.
Sarah Gonçalves Correa (14 August 1992 – 2 May 2015) was a Brazilian competitive free-style swimmer.
She won the gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle at the 2010 South American Games in Medellín, Colombia, beating the competition record.
At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, she won the silver medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle.
Born in Rio de Janeiro, retired from swimming in 2014 to become a model.
Correa was hit by a car while waiting at a bus stop on 1 May 2015 near her home in Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro.
She died the next day (2 May), aged 22.
Harry Geisinger (October 31, 1933 – May 1, 2015) was an American politician for the Republican Party.
He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1969 to 1975 and then from 2005 until his death.
Geisinger was born in Roswell, Georgia.
He got his Bachelors's degree in business from the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Michael Lennox Blake (July 5, 1945 – May 2, 2015) was an American author and screenwriter.
He was best known for the movie adaptation of his novel Dances with Wolves, for which he won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe.
Blake was born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and grew up in New Mexico, Texas and Southern California.
He was married and had three sons.
Blake died after a long illness on May 2, 2015 in Tucson, Arizona.
Extreme Rules (2015) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE.
It was held on April 26, 2015 at Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois.
It was the seventh Extreme Rules event held by the WWE.
The main event saw Seth Rollins defeat Randy Orton in a steel cage match to retain the WWE World Heavyweight Championship.
In the match, Orton's RKO finisher was banned and Kane served as the gatekeeper for the cage.
1During the match, Ambrose and Harper left the arena.
The next two matches started and ended before both Ambrose and Harper returned to the arena and the ring to finish their match.
2Sheamus did not fulfill the stipulation, and made Ziggler kiss his arse instead.
Official Extreme Rules 2015 website
2015 in Illinois
Philip Solomon Goodman (February 20, 1926 – May 2, 2015) was an American screenwriter, producer, and movie director.
He was best known for directing the drama movie We Shall Return (1963), starring Cesar Romero.
He also wrote for television series such as Profiles in Courage, Danger, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Rocky King Detective, and Johnny Staccato.
He also directed plays at the Actors Studio.
Goodman was born in New York City to Flora and Solomon Goodman.
He graduated from Brooklyn College and the University of Southern California (USC).
He served in the U.S. Army from 1944 to 1946 during World War II.
He was married to Evelyn Twersky and had two children, Nicholas, a producer, and Jody, a lawyer.
Abdul Wahid Aresar (11 October 1949 – 3 May 2015) was a Pakistani politician.
He was the was one of the heads of the Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz (JSQM), a political party in Sindh.
He was the chairman of the party in the 1990s.
Russell "Russi" Taylor (May 4, 1944 – July 26, 2019) was an American voice actress.
She was best known for being the voice of Disney's Minnie Mouse since 1986.
She also voiced numerous other Disney characters.
Taylor was the wife of the late voice actor Wayne Allwine.
He was the third voice of Mickey Mouse from 1991 until his death in 2009.
In 2008 she received a Disney Legends award.
Taylor died  from colon cancer on July 26, 2019, at her home in Glendale, California, at the age of 75.
Park attractions
Mickey's PhilharMagic - Minnie Mouse
Clarence Charles "Ducky" Nash (December 7, 1904 – February 20, 1985) was an American voice actor.
He was the voice for Disney cartoon character Donald Duck for almost 50 years.
Clarence Nash biography Internet Movie Database IMDb
Dobri Dimitrov Dobrev () (born 20 July 1914 – 13 February 2018), better known as Grandpa Dobri, Elder Dobri (), or The Saint of Bailovo was a Bulgarian philanthropist.
He walks several kilometers each day to sit or stand in front of the Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky in Sofia to collect money for charitable causes.
Dobrev  donates all the money he collects to charities, orphanages, churches and monasteries.
He turned 100 in July 2014.
Ackerly is a city in Dawson and Martin Counties in the U.S. state of Texas.
As of the 2010 Census, the population was 220.
Grace Lee Whitney (born Mary Ann Chase; April 1, 1930 - May 1, 2015) was an American actress and entertainer.
She was best known as Janice Rand on the Star Trek television series.
Grace Lee Whitney Official Autograph site
Janice Rand history
Grace Lee Whitney- Notable Names Database
Revaz "Rezo" Chkheidze (; 8 December 1926 – 3 May 2015) was a Georgian movie director.
He was known for directing Father of a Soldier and The Saplings, both of which entered at the Moscow Film Festival.
He was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1980.
Danny Jones (6 March 1986 – 3 May 2015) was a Welsh professional rugby league footballer.
He played at international level for Wales and at club level for Halifax and Keighley Cougars.
Jones died of cardiac arrest while playing in London.
Colonel Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer GC OBE ERD (3 February 1915 – 2 May 2015), known as Stuart Archer,  was a recipient of the George Cross, the highest British and Commonwealth award for gallantry not in the face of the enemy.
Karl Guthe Jansky (October 22, 1905 – February 14, 1950) was an American physicist and engineer.
He worked in astronomy.
In 1927, he discovered that the Milky Way emitted radio waves.
This makes him one of the founding fathers of radio astronomy.
Konstantin Konstantinovich Kuzminsky (; 16 April 1940 – 2 May 2015) was a Russian-American performance poet.
He published The Blue Lagoon Anthology of Modern Russian Poetry as well as other publications including a collection of Russian poetry The Living Mirror.
He also appeared in many documentary movies, including two by Andrei Zagdansky.
Kuzminsky was born in Leningrad (now called Saint Petersburg).
He moved to the United States from the Soviet Union in 1978.
He was married to Emma, nicknamed "Mouse".
Ahmad Akmad Usman y Batabol (1974 – 3 May 2015), better known as Abdul Basit Usman, was a Filipino Islamist and fugitive.
He was a bomb making expert who was head of the Special Operations Group of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and had links with Abu Sayyaf and Jemaah Islamiyah groups.
Usman was born in a village in Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao to a Muslim family.
He worked as an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) in Pakistan before taking part in militant activities.
Peter Nigel Terry (15 August 1945 – 30 April 2015) was an English stage and movie actor.
He was best known by for his role of King Arthur in John Boorman's Excalibur (1981).
He appeared in the movies The Lion in Winter (1968) and Troy (2004).
He also appeared in the television series Covington Cross, Casualty, Doctor Who, Highlander: The Series and Waking the Dead.
Terry was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire.
He died from emphysema on 30 April 2015, aged 69.
Duri Camichel (6 May 1982 – 28 April 2015) was a Swiss professional ice hockey player.
Paul Émile Chabas (March 7, 1869 – May 10, 1937) was a French painter.
He studied with William-Adolphe Bouguereau.
He often travelled, to Norway, Algeria and Greece.
During his lifetime, he was known for the portraits he painted.
He liked to paint naked girls, in natural settings.
Probably his best known work is September Morning, dated 1912.
A human is a member of the species Homo sapiens, which means 'wise man' in Latin.
Carolus Linnaeus put humans in the mammalian order of primates.
Humans are a species of hominid, and chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans are their closest living relatives.
They are also social animals.
They usually live in groups.
They help and protect each other.
They care for their children.
Humans are bipedal, which means they walk on two legs.
Humans have a very complex brain, which is much larger than that of the other living apes.
They use language, make ideas, and feel emotions.
This brain, and the fact that arms are not needed for walking, lets humans use tools.
Humans use tools far more than any other species.
Humans first came from Africa.
There are humans living on every continent.
As of 2021, there were over 7750 million people living on Earth.
Overpopulation is a problem.
Important features
Humans have a long period of development after birth.
Their life depends less on instinct than other animals, and more on learning.
Humans are also born with their brains not so well developed as those of other mammals.
This makes for an unusually long childhood, and which makes family life important.
If their brains were better developed at birth, they would be larger, and this would make birth more difficult.
In birth, the baby's head has to get through the 'birth canal', the passageway through the mother's pelvis.
Many animals use signs and sounds to communicate with each other.
But humans have a complex system called language.
It allows them to express ideas by using words.
Humans are capable of making abstract ideas and communicating them to others.
Human language can express things that are not present, or talk about events that are not happening at that time.
The things might be elsewhere, and the events may also have occurred at another place or time.
No known animals have a system of communication that is as elaborate as human language.
By using words to communicate with each other, humans make complex communities with laws, traditions and customs.
Humans like to understand the world around them.
They try to explain things through myth, science and philosophy.
Wanting to understand things has helped  humans make important discoveries.
Humans are the only species living today known to build fires, to cook their food and wear clothes.
Humans use more technology than any other animal on Earth ever has.
Humans like things that are beautiful and like to make art, literature and music.
Humans use education and teaching to pass on skills, ideas and customs to the next generations.
Humans are part of the animal kingdom.
They are mammals, which means that they give birth to their young, and females feed their babies with breast milk.
Humans belong to the order of primates.
Apes like gorillas and orangutans are also primates.
The closest living relatives of humans are the two chimpanzee species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
Scientists have examined the genes of humans and chimpanzees, and compared their DNA.
The studies showed that 95% to 99% of the DNA of humans and chimpanzees is the same.
Biologists explain the similarity between humans and other hominoids by their descent from a common ancestor.
In 2001, a hominid skull was discovered in Chad.
The skull is about 7 million years old, and has been classified as Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
This skull may show that the date at which humans started to evolve (develop differently) from other primates is 2 million years earlier than scientists had previously thought.
Long ago, there used to be other types of hominins on Earth.
They were like modern humans, but not the same.
Homo sapiens are the only type of hominins who are alive today.
The earliest known fossils of genus Homo have been called Homo habilis (handy man).
The first fossils of Homo habilis were found in Tanzania.
Homo hablilis is thought to have lived about 2.2 to 1.7 million years ago.
Another human species thought to be an ancestor of the modern human is Homo erectus.
There are other extinct species of Homo known today.
Many of them were likely our 'cousins', as they developed differently than our ancestors.
A theory called the Sahara pump theory has been used to tell how different species of plants and animals moved from Africa to the Middle East, and then elsewhere.
Early humans may have moved from Africa to other parts of the world in the same way.
The first truly modern humans seem to have appeared between 300,000, and 200,000 years ago in East Africa.
In paleontology, 200,000 years are a "short" time.
So, scientists speak of a "recent single origin" of humans.
These early humans later moved out from Africa.
By about 90,000 years ago they had moved into Eurasia.
This was the area where Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis, had been living for a long time (at least 350,000 years).
In Europe and western Asia, Homo sapiens replaced the neanderthals by about 35,000 years ago.
The details of this event are not known.
At roughly the same time Homo sapiens arrived in Australia.
Early human history is commonly divided into three ages.
The time periods are labeled with the material used for tools.
Up to about 10 thousand years ago most humans were hunter-gatherers.
They did not live in one place, but moved around as the seasons changed.
The start of planting crops for food, called farming made the Neolithic revolution.
Some people chose to live in settlements.
This also led to the invention of metal tools and the training of animals.
About 6000 years ago the first proper civilizations began in places like Egypt, India, and Syria.
The people formed governments and armies for protection.
They competed for area to live and resources and sometimes they fought with each other.
About 4000 years ago some states took over or conquered other states and made empires.
Examples include ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.
Some modern day religions also began at this time such as Judaism and Hinduism.
From the Middle Ages and beyond humanity saw an explosion of new technology and inventions.
The printing press, the car, the train, and electricity are all examples of this kind of invention.
As a result of the developments in technology, modern humans live in a world where everyone is connected, for example by telephone or by internet.
People now control and change the environment around them in many different ways.
Habitats, settlements and population
In early times, humans usually settled near to water and other natural resources.
In modern times if people need things they can transport them from somewhere else.
So basing a settlement close to resources is no longer as important as it once was.
Since 1800, the number of humans, or population, has increased by six billion.
Most humans (61%) live in Asia.
The rest live in the Americas (14%), Africa (14%), Europe (11%), and Oceania (0.5%).
Most people live in towns and cities.
This number is expected to get higher.
In 2005 the United Nations said that by the end of that year, over half the world would be living in cities.
This is an important change in human settlement patterns: a century earlier in 1900 only 14% of people lived in cities, in 2000 47% of the world's population lived in cities.
In developed countries, like the United States, 80% of the population live in cities.
Humans have a large effect on the world.
Humans are at the top of the food chain and are generally not eaten by any animals.
Humans have been described as super predators because of this.
Because of industry and other reasons humans are said to be a big cause of global climate change.
Human body measurements differ.
The worldwide average height for an adult human male is about , and the worldwide average height for adult human females is about .
The average weight of an adult human is  for females and  for males.
Body weight and body type is influenced by genetics and environment.
It varies greatly among individuals.
Human hair grows on the underarms, the genitals, legs, arms, and on the top of the head in adults of both genders.
Hair will usually grow on the face of most adult males, and on the chest and back of many adult males.
In human children of both genders, long hair grows only on the top of the head.
Although it might look like humans have fewer hairs than most primates, they actually do not.
The average human has more hair follicles, where hair grows from, than most chimpanzees have.
Human hair can be black, brown, red or blond.
When humans get older hair can turn grey or white.
Human skin colors vary greatly.
They can be a very pale pink all the way to dark brown.
There is a reason why people in tropical areas have dark skins.
The dark pigment (melanin) in the skin protects them against ultraviolet rays in sunlight.
The damage caused by UV rays can and does cause skin cancer in some people.
Therefore, in more sunny areas, natural selection favors darker skin color.
Sun tanning has nothing to do with this issue, because it is just a temporary process which is not inherited.
In colder climates the advantage of light-colored skin is that it radiates less heat.
Therefore, in less sunny areas, natural selection favors lighter skin color.
Humans are not as strong as other primates of the same size.
An average female orangutan is at least three times as strong as an average human.
The average human male needs 7 to 8 hours sleep a day.
People who sleep less than this are generally not as healthy.
A child needs more sleep, 9 to 10 hours on average.
The human life cycle is quite like most other mammals.
The young grow inside the female mother for nine months.
After this time the baby is pushed out of the woman's vagina.
However, unlike most other mammals, human childbirth is somewhat dangerous.
Babies' heads are large, and the mothers pelvis bones are not very wide.
Since people walk on two legs, their hips are fairly narrow.
This means that birth can be difficult.
Rarely, mother or baby may die in childbirth.
The number of mothers dying in childbirth is less in the 21st century.
This is because of better medication and treatment.
In many poor countries the number of mothers dying is higher.
Sometimes it is up to 10 times as many as richer countries.
The average human baby weighs 3–4 kg at birth and is 50–60 cm tall.
Babies are often smaller in poorer countries.
Babies in poor countries may die early because of this.
Life expectancy is how long you are expected to live.
This depends on many things including where you live.
The highest life expectancy is for people from Monaco, 89.52 years.
The lowest is for people from Chad where life expectancy is only 49.81 years.
Psychology and neurology
Psychology is the study of how the human mind works.
The human brain is the main controller of what a person does.
Everything from moving and breathing to thinking is done by the brain.
The human neocortex is huge compared with other mammals, and gives us our thinking ability, and the ability to speak and understand language.
Neurology is the study of how the brain works, psychology is the study of how and why people think and feel.
Many aspects of life are also influenced by the hormone system, including growth and sexual development.
The hormonal system (especially the pituitary gland) is partly controlled by the brain.
Human behaviour is hard to understand, so sometimes psychologists study animals because they may be simpler and easier to know.
Psychology overlaps with many other sciences including medicine, biology, computer science and linguistics.
Language at its most basic is talking, reading and writing.
Humans have the most complicated languages on Earth.
Although almost all animals communicate, human language is unique.
Its use of syntax, and its huge learnt vocabulary are its main features.
There are over 7,300 languages spoken around the world.
The world's most spoken first language is Mandarin Chinese, and the most spoken language is English.
This includes speakers of English as a second language.
Art, music, and literature
Art has existed almost as long as humans.
People have been doing some types of art for thousands of years as the picture on the right shows.
Art represents how someone feels in the form of a painting, a sculpture or a photograph.
Music has also been around for thousands of years.
Music can be made with only your voice but most of the time people use instruments.
Music can be made using simple instruments only such as simple drums all the way up to electric guitars, keyboards and violins.
Music can be loud, fast, quiet, slow or many different styles.
Music represents how the people who are playing the music feel.
Literature is anything made or written using language.
This includes books, poetry, legends, myths and fairy tales.
Literature is important as without it many of the things we use today, such as Wikipedia, would not exist.
Modern biologists know that human gene sequences are very similar compared to many other animals.
This is because of the "recent single origin" of modern humans.
That is one reason why there is only one human race.
Ethnic groups are often linked by linguistic, cultural, ancestral, and national or regional ties.
Race and ethnicity can lead to different social treatment called racism.
Religion is a belief of faith in a higher being, spirit, or any system of ideas that a group of people believe in.
To have faith in a belief is to have the belief without proof that it is true.
Faith can bring people together because they all believe in the same thing.
Some of the things religions talk about are what happens after death, why humans exist, how humans came to exist (creation), and what is good to do and not to do (morality).
Some people are very religious.
Many people believe in one all-powerful god; some people believe in more than one god; some people are atheists, who do not believe in a god; and some people are agnostics, who are not sure if there is a god.
Technology are the things and methods which humans use to make tasks easier.
Science is understanding how the universe and the things in it work.
Technology used to be quite simple.
It was passed on by people telling others, until writing was invented.
This allowed technology to develop much quicker.
Now people understand more and more about the world and the universe.
The use of the telescope by Galileo, Einstein's theory of relativity, lasers, and computing are all scientific discoveries.
Technology is of great importance to science, to medicine, and to everyday life.
A war is a lethal fight between large groups of people, usually countries or states.
A war involves the use of lethal weapons as both sides try to kill the other.
It is estimated that during the 20th century, between 167 and 188 million humans died because of war.
The people who fight for a state in wars are called soldiers.
The people who fight in wars, but not for a state, are usually called "fighters".
Modern wars are very different from wars a thousand or even a hundred years ago.
Modern war involves sabotage, terrorism, propaganda, and guerrilla warfare.
In modern-day wars, civilians (people who are not soldiers) are often targets.
An example of this is the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945, about half on the days of the bombings.
Since then, thousands more have died from wounds or illness because of exposure to radiation released by the bombs.
In both cities, the overwhelming majority of the dead were civilians.
In Germany, Austria, and Great Britain, conventional bombs were used.
About 60,595 British, and 550,000 German, civilians were killed by planes bombing cities.
Homo sapiens – The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program
Treehouses are platforms or buildings built into a tree.
They are constructed around, next to, or in mature trees.
They are usually above ground level.
Tree houses can be used for recreation, work space or as an observation deck.
A tree house can be a peaceful quiet place for seclusion or solitude.
Treehouses are often built for children to play.
They are a natural extension of children's love of climbing trees.
Treehouses can also be a casual retreat or working space, especially if provided with electricity.
In many parts of the world guests can rent a treehouse.
They can also stay in a treehouse hotel.
Sometimes they are built for protection against wild animals.
In some parts of the tropics, houses are either fastened to trees or elevated on stilts.
This is to keep the living quarters above the ground to protect occupants.
A tree house can also be a place to store food from scavenging animals.
The Korowai, a Papuan tribe in the southeast of Irian Jaya, live in tree houses.
Some are nearly  high (see image below).
They are used as protection against a tribe of neighbouring head-hunters, the Citak.
Tree houses are an option for building eco-friendly houses in remote forest areas.
They do not require a clearing of a certain area of forest.
Because they are elevated or built into forested areas, they are not desirable to some people.
Amazing Treehouses
Sphere Tree House
Short documentary
Map of tree houses & treehouse hotels from around the world
Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) is the debut album by American hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan released on November 9, 1993 by Loud Records.
It was entirely produced by the group leader RZA.
The album has been considered to be one of the greatest hip-hop album in history and Wu-Tang Clan's best work.
"Bring Da Ruckus" - 4:10
"Shame On A Nigga" - 2:57
"Clan In Da Front" - 4:33
"Wu-Tang: 7th Chamber" - 6:05
"Can It Be All So Simple" - 6:53
"Da Mystery of Chessboxin'" - 4:47
"Wu-Tang Clan Ain't Nuthing Ta F' Wit" - 3:36
"C.R.E.A.M." - 4:12
"Method Man" - 5:51
"Protect Ya Neck" - 4:52
"Tearz" - 4:17
"Wu-Tang: 7th Chamber - Part II" - 5:08
"Method Man (Skun Mix)" - 3:12
"Conclusion" - 1:00
Michael Thomas Richter (born September 22, 1966) is an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender.
He played parts of 14 years in the National Hockey League (NHL) all with the New York Rangers.
He also played for the United States in international play and won a silver medal with them at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame along with his former teammate Brian Leetch in 2008.
Before playing in the NHL, Richter played college hockey with the University of Wisconsin–Madison Badgers from 1985 until 1987.
He also played 2 years in the International Hockey League (IHL) with the Colorado Rangers/Denver Rangers organization.
He was drafted 28th overall by the New York Rangers in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft.
On April 9, 1989, Richter made his NHL debut in Game 4 of the Division Semifinals against the Pittsburgh Penguins.
The Rangers lost the game and were eliminated from the playoffs but Richter was chosen to be a regular member of the team.
The next two seasons, he shared goaltending duties with John Vanbiesbrouck.
When the Rangers traded Vanbiesbrouck to the Vancouver Canucks before the 1993–94 season, Richter became the Rangers starting goaltender.
During his first year as the Rangers starter, he was able to record 42 wins and a 2.57 goals against average, as the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy.
Richter was also named the Most Valuable Player of the NHL All-Star Game that year.
Richter helped the Rangers reach the Stanley Cup Finals against the Vancouver Canucks.
During Game 4, Richter made a career highlight when he was able to stop a penalty shot by Pavel Bure.
The Rangers were able to defeat the Canucks in Game 7 and win the Stanley Cup, their first since 1940.
He helped the United States win the 1996 World Cup of Hockey and was named as the Most Valuable Player.
Richter was able to record 300 regular season wins before he was forced to retire from playing professional ice hockey on September 3, 2003 because of a skull fracture and concussion.
On February 4, 2004, the Rangers retired Richter's jersey #35.
Andrew Lewis (11 December 1970 – 4 May 2015), nicknamed "Six Heads", was a Guyanese professional boxer in the middleweight division.
He was the WBA World Welterweight Champion.
Lewis was born in Georgetown.
He died in a motorcycle accident, aged 44.
Ryan McHenry (13 December 1987 – 2 May 2015) was a Scottish movie director.
He was best known for the movie Zombie Musical in which he received a nomination for the Best Director at the 2011 British Academy Scotland New Talent Awards.
He also created the popular Ryan Gosling Won't Eat His Cereal series on Vine.
McHenry was born in Dumfries.
He died from osteosarcoma (a type of bone cancer), in Dumfries, aged 27.
Norman Thaddeus Vane (July 7, 1928 – May 2, 2015) was an American screenwriter, producer, playwright and movie director.
He served as writer for the 1968 movie Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter.
Later he was writer and associate producer of the movie Lola.
He wrote the screenplay for the 1972 movie, 1931: Once Upon a Time in New York.
Vane went on to direct the 1983 movie, Frightmare.
Joshua Ozersky (August 22, 1967 – May 4, 2015) was an American food writer and historian.
He is known for being the finding editor of New York magazine's food blog, Grub Street.
Official Ozersky.
Meatopia.org
Macrococcus is a genus of bacteria.
The cells are coccoid or spherical.
Macrococcus is gram-positive.
It is catalase and oxidase-positive.
Ste-Anne is a Catholic church building in the Lowertown neighbourhood of Ottawa, Canada.
It was built in 1873 by architect J.P. LeCourt.
It is built like churches in Quebec even though it is in Ontario.
Ste-Anne is the home of St. Clement Parish, a  bilingual parish community that celebrates the Mass and other sacraments in Latin using the 1962 Roman Missal.
In the 1870s, the French Catholics in Ottawa were meeting at Notre-Dame Cathedral.
This church was too small for them, so Bishop Joseph-Bruno Guigues decided to make a new church.
The church was designed by J.P. LeCourt and built by Pierre Rocque.
Bishop Guigues laid the cornerstone on May 4, 1873.
In April 2009, part of the roof fell down.
The church was closed for 18 months while the roof was fixed.
When the church was opened again, not many people were meeting there anymore, so the Archdiocese of Ottawa closed it again.
Archbishop Terrence Prendergast gave the church to St. Clement Parish, who started to meet there on June 3, 2012.
Heritage Designation
Ste-Anne Catholic Church is an important building in the history of Ottawa.
The province of Ontario lists it as a designated heritage property.
The church has a plaque that describes the history of the church.
The building is plain and made of stone.
It has a round rose window like churches used to have in the Middle Ages.
It has a steeple with four bells.
Frederik "Frits" Bolkestein (; born 4 April 1933) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 16 January 1978, until 5 November 1982.
Prof.Dr.Mr. F. (Frits) Bolkestein (Parlement & Politiek)
Frits Bolkestein at the European Commission
Frits Bolkestein  at Leiden University
Johannes Juliaan Gijsbert "Hans" Jansen (17 November 1942 - 5 May 2015) was a Dutch scholar of contemporary Islam and politician in the Netherlands.
Until his death he was a Member of the European Parliament for the political party Party for Freedom.
His website, partially in English contains a list of publications and a CV.
Interview at religioscope site
Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina (née Sneed; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman.
Fiorina is known primarily for her tenure as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Hewlett-Packard (HP) and as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360.
She ran for the Republican Party's nomination of President of the United States in 2016.
In March 2016, Fiorina endorsed Ted Cruz for the nomination.
On April 27, 2016, Cruz named Fiorina as his running mate.
On May 3, 2016, Cruz dropped out of the race.
On December 19, 2016, after Trump's victory in the election, the Electoral College convened; Fiorina received one electoral vote for Vice President of the United States.
As Chief Executive Officer of HP from 1999 to 2005, Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Top-20 company as ranked by Fortune Magazine.
In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq.
The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers.
HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees in order to save 80,000 jobs.
The company then grew to 150,000.
In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and Chair, following a boardroom disagreement.
Fiorina was born in Austin, Texas.
Her parents were Joseph Tyree Sneed, III and Madelon Montross.
She studied at Stanford University, at the University of Maryland, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
After resigning as CEO of HP, Fiorina served on the boards of several organizations and as an advisor to Republican John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign.
She won a three-way race for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate from California in 2010 but lost the general election to incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer.
U.S. Senate candidacy for California, 2010
In May 2015, Fiorina announced she was running for President.
She withdrew on February 10, 2016.
Fiorina was married to Todd Bartlem from 1977 until they divorced in 1984.
Then, she married Frank Fiorina in 1985.
Carly for President  - official website
Austin St. John (born Jason Geiger; September 17, 1974) is an American EMT and former actor and martial artist.
He is best known for his role as Jason Lee Scott, the original Red Ranger and first leader of the Power Rangers on the television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
St. John holds a second-degree black belt in taekwondo, a first-degree black belt in judo, and is also a practitioner of kenpo.
St. John has also worked as an emergency medical technician and firefighter in Washington, D.C. and on the East Coast.
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers - Jason Lee Scott/Red Power Ranger (1993–1994)
Power Rangers Zeo - Jason Lee Scott/Gold Zeo Ranger (1996)
Exposé - Detective Anderson (1998) (TV movie)
Power Rangers: The Lost Episode - Himself/Jason Lee Scott/Red Power Ranger (1999)
Power Rangers Wild Force - Jason Lee Scott/Red Power Ranger (2002)
Footsteps - Police Investigator (2003) (TV movie)
Encyclopedia of Martial Arts: Hollywood Celebrities - Himself (1995)
Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie - Jason Lee Scott (1997)
River Avon, Devon, running from Ryder's Hill to Bigbury; also known as River Aune
River Avon, Warwickshire, running from Naseby to Tewkesbury (Also known as Shakespeare's Avon)
River Avon, Hampshire, running from Pewsey to Christchurch
River Avon, Bristol, running from Acton Turville to Avonmouth
Avon Water, Hampshire, running from Holmsley to Keyhaven
River Avon, Falkirk, running from near Cumbernauld to Grangemouth
River Avon, Strathspey, running from Ben Macdui to Cragganmore
Avon Water, running from south of Darvel to Motherwell
River Avon, occasional anglicisation of the River Afan
Afon, the Welsh word for river, often anglicised to 'avon'
Avon River (Ontario)
Avon River (Nova Scotia)
Avon River (Gloucester), New South Wales
Avon River (Wollongong), New South Wales
Avon River (Grampians, Victoria)
Avon River (Western Australia)
The Avon River is a perennial river in the West Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia.
When rain falls on the south eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the water flows down the river to form the Gippsland Lakes.
Location and features
The Avon River begins on the south eastern slopes of Mount Wellington, part of the Great Dividing Range.
The river meanders to the south, then east, then south by southeast, before reaching its mouth to form Lake Wellington.
The Avon has ten tributaries including the Turton River and the Perry River.
The Latrobe River also flows into Lake Wellington.
This lake empties into Bass Strait through the Mitchell River south of Lakes Entrance.
The Avon River drops  over its  course.
The upper parts of the river are inside the rugged, forested and largely inaccessible Avon Wilderness Park.
The river then passes through hills covered in forest, and then through cleared farm land.
Around Stratford the river is up to  across, flowing through sand and pebble banks.
Along the edge of the river is the Macallister Irrigation District.
The water from this irrigation area flows into the river along Nuntin Creek which joins  downstream of Stratford.
The Avon does not have any large dams, and its water is mostly unused.
Nearby, the Latrobe and Thomson Rivers supply Melbourne's drinking water, Australia's largest pulp and paper mill, the power industry in the Latrobe Valley, and irrigation,
The Avon River was important to the indigenous Gunai/Kurnai people.
At Knob Reserve,  south of Stratford, is the Gunai/Kurnai Bataluk Cultural Trail.
This trail follows the paths used by the indigenous people of East Gippsland for 30,000 years.
In the Australian Aboriginal Brataualung language the river has two names, the first, Dooyeedang, has no known meaning.
The second name, Kutbuntaura-wurk, means "fire carriers" and wurk, meaning "land" or "country".
The river was named the Avoca River by the explorer Thomas Mitchell.
It was named the Avon by Angus McMillan in about 1840.
List of rivers of Victoria
John Maxwell Coetzee (born 9 February 1940) is a South African-Australian novelist, essayist, linguist, literacy critic, activist and translator.
He won the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature.
He has won the Booker Prize twice for The Life and Times of Michael K (1983) and Disgrace (1999).
He writes his works in English, Afrikaans and Dutch.
He moved to Australia in 2002 and became a citizen in 2006.
Coetzee was born in Cape Town to Afrikaner parents.
He studied at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Cape Town.
He lives in Adelaide, South Australia with his partner Dorothy Driver.
He was married to Philippa Jubber from 1963 to 1980.
They had two children, son Nicholas (died 1989) and daughter Gisela.
Québec En Alerte (Alert Ready Quebec) is a public emergency communication system of the Canadian province of Quebec.
It is also an additional system to those already used in the municipalities.
This system will be used to distribute to the population of the province or a particular area the emergency notifications, or alerts, issued by the Ministry of Public Security and Environment Canada.
The notifications are transmitted to the population via the television stations, the radio stations and the Internet.
On May 5, 2015 at 13:58 EDT, a test was done.
However, it was not successful.
An other simulation will be planned soon.
Example of an emergency notification
A text in white on a red background interrupts the program.
The message begins and ends with an audio signal, such as this one.
In case of a test, there is a test message.
In case of a real alert, there is a message including the information about the event and the instructions to the population.
The notification begins and ends with an audio signal.
The message is read by a person or a special system.
Official website of the Ministry of Public Security (French)
Le Journal de Québec (French)
Lester Errol Brown MBE (12 November 1943 – 6 May 2015) was a British-Jamaican singer and songwriter.
He was best known as the frontman of soul band Hot Chocolate.
Hot Chocolate's hits included "You Sexy Thing", "Emma", "So You Win Again" and "Brother Louie".
Brown was born in Kingston, Jamaica.
William S. "Bill" Broomfield, (April 28, 1922 – February 20, 2019) was an American politician.
He represented the U.S. state of Michigan in the United States House of Representatives from 1957 through 1993.
H.R. 4884 renaming post office for Broomfield
Arno Schmidt (18 January 1914 – 3 June 1979) was a German author and translator.
He was born in Hamburg, Germany.
He is considered to be one of the most important postwar German authors.
His writing "ranges from (seemingly) straightforward stories to writing that assails the reader with a literary and linguistic density of the highest degree."
To make his most famous work, Zettels Traum [Bottom's Dream], Schmidt wrote 130,000 note cards (Zettel).
The novel is written in an unusual way.
The text is written in three columns on each page.
Each column has a different theme.
In addition, Schmidt used physical constructs in the novel that had to be added by hand.
Langbehn, Volker Max, 2003, Arno Schmidt's Zettel's Traum: An Analysis (Studies in German Literature Linguistics and Culture)
Arno Schmidt at the complete review
Arno Schmidt, German author
Spelt (Triticum spelta), sometimes called dinkel wheat or hulled wheat, is a type of wheat.
It has been cultivated since 5000 BC.
Spelt was an important staple food in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times.
It is still grown in Central Europe and northern Spain.
Spelt originated before common wheat (Triticum aestivum), and that bread wheat is derived from spelt.
Spelt has become more popular as a type of bread in recent years.
Spelt costs more than modern wheats.
One reason is that it is a minority product.
It also needs an extra stage to remove its husks before milling (grinding).
Spelt needs less pesticide than normal wheat.
Nutritionally, wholemeal spelt is similar to normal wholemeal wheat, with higher protein content.
The Lyceum was originally a public meeting place in classical Athens.
It became the meeting place for the discussion group or "school" of Aristotle.
He founded the Peripatetic school there in 334/335 BC.
The school was called "peripatetic" because they used to walk around as they discussed things.
It was more like a college for young adults than what we now call a school.
The word "Lyceum" now means a school in most parts of Europe.
Usually, it covers the last two or three years and prepares the pupils for university.
Aristotle's school and library
The school started when Athens fell under Macedonian rule, and the 50-year old Aristotle returned from Asia.
Aristotle had been the tutor of Alexander of Macedonia, Alexander the Great.
In Athens, he began teaching regularly in the morning in the Lyceum.
The group of scholars who took part came to be known as the Peripatetics.
Aristotle encouraged cooperative research.
His students were given projects as part of their studies.
The school was also student run.
They elected a new student administrator every ten days, which allowed the students to become involved in turn.
During his conquests of Asian regions, Alexander collected plant and animal specimens for Aristotle’s research.
Aristotle developed the first zoo and botanical garden in existence.
Alexander may also have given money to the Lyceum.
In 322 BC, Aristotle was forced to flee Athens with his family when the political leaders reacted against the Macedonians.
Aristotle's published works supporting Macedonian rule left him a target.
He passed on his Lyceum to Theophrastus and died later that year near his hometown.
Smoking is a treatment for food, to make it last longer.
It is mainly used for meat and fish.
The food which is either cured or salted is exposed to the smoke of a fire.
This will reduce the amount of water by between ten and forty percent.
It also changes the texture and adds flavour.
It is not one of the most effective ways of adding any preservation
Guy Carawan (July 27, 1927 –  May 2, 2015) was an American folk musician and musicologist.
He served as music director and song leader for the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee.
Guy and Candie Carawan Homepage
Highlander Center, official web site
Heatcar Productions, official web site, Heather Carawan
Carawan Discography on Folkways
Profile of Guy Carawan from the Association for Cultural Equity
New Market is a town in Jefferson County, Tennessee.
The population was 1,234 at the 2000 census and 1,334 at the 2010 census.
Salting is a treatment for food to make it last longer.
Salting means that the food is treated with table salt.
Salting is similar to pickling.
In pickling, food is treated with brine.
The main types of food that are salted are  fish and meat.
Bacon is an example of salted meat.
It was discovered in the 19th century that salt mixed with nitrites (saltpeter) would color meats red, rather than grey, and consumers at that time then strongly preferred the red-colored meat.
Jesús Hermida Pineda (27 June 1947 – 4 May 2015) was a Spanish journalist.
He worked as a U.S. correspondent for Televisión Española in New York City.