the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
They later set up their branch in India at Adyar in Chennai in 1886.
Annie Bessant carried on its work in India.
Color rendering index (CRI) is a number rating given to light bulbs or lamps for how "right" they make colors look.
This number is usually written on the side of light bulb's box.
The CRI number can be as high as 100, or as low as zero; and sometimes it can go under zero.
High CRI number is good; it means colors will look right and real.
Low CRI number is bad; it means colors will look wrong and weird.
However, there is a limit of what a CRI number can tell.
Good CRI number can guarantee correct colors only when the light itself is white.
This is because of limits on how science people test them.
Candles and incandescent light bulbs have CRI 100 but they are not white, so we cannot rely on them to make stuffs show real colors.
The CRI number of daylight at noon is 100, because this is the natural way people see colors.
Good fluorescent tubes or LED lamps have a CRI 80 or more.
Anything white with a CRI 80 or more are good enough for homes.
The orange sodium vapor lamp has CRI lower than 0, so they are only used as streetlamps.
Color temperature
The Kataragamam temple (, ) complex dedicated to Skanda-Kumara is one of the few religious sites in Sri Lanka that is venerated by the majority Sinhala Buddhists, Hindu minority Sri Lankan Tamil people, Sri Lankan Moors and the Vedda people.
It is a collection of modest shrines, of which the one dedicated to Skanda-Kumara, is the most important.
It has been considered hallowed ground since almost three hundred years before the birth of Christ, and is one of the sixteen places said to have been consecrated by Gautama Buddha as he meditated.
It was built approximately between 1100 - 15th century
Kataragama is sacred to Lord Murugan, also familiarly known as Kartikeya.
Lord Muruga has many shrines and places of worship.
Among them are  Alaivai, now known as Tiruchendur, a shrine on the southern coast of India about 36 miles from Tinnevelly; Avinankudi, now called as Palani Malai (Palani Hills), about the same distance from Dindigul; and Tiru-Erakam, now known as Swamimalai, a hill about four miles from Kumbakonam.
Three of the shrines are situated amid mountains and forests, the deity is known as the God of the mountaneous regions.
Muruga is worshipped as a deity whom embodies the pure Hindu ideal of God being in all things and manifesting himself wherever he is called to with love.
There are many stories about Murugan, or Skanda-Kumara as He is more commonly known there.
Skanda-Kumara's place of worship is held dear by many Sri Lankans who consider the Kataragama complex and its temples holy and make annual pilgrimages there.
But perhaps the most unique feature of Kataragama, and what makes it really stand out is its relative unassumingness.
Almost all its shrines are unremarkable minor buildings free of any embellishment.
There is absolutely no representation of deities decorating the exterior of the buildings.
This is in marked contrast to any other Hindu temple in Sri Lanka or India, that are usually covered with carvings and statues of gods and goddesses in colourful scene.
Practically all the shrines are made out of stone with the exception of one dedicated to the Goddess Valli which has been constructed with timber.
Almost 2500 years later, Kataragama still holds a special place in the heart of devotees of Lord Muruga'''
A  (, ) was a public official in Ancient Rome.
A quaestor did different jobs at different times in Roman history.
In the Roman Kingdom, quaestors were appointed by the king to investigate murders.
In the Roman Republic, quaestors supervised the state treasury and conducted audits.
It was the lowest ranking position in the public service.
Because of this many people wanting to become politicians became quaestors as a first step in their career.
In the Roman Empire, quaestors were at first relaced by the  (prefect).
Later quaestors became a position appointed by the emperor to lead the imperial council and deal with petitioners.
In modern Italy and Romania, a quaestor is a senior ranking officer on the police force.
In some organizations, a quaestor is in charge of the finances, similar to a treasurer in other organizations.
The Moscow Oblast (Russian: Моско́вская о́бласть, Moskovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia.
It is located in western Russia, and it completely surrounds Moscow.
The oblast has no capital, and oblast officials reside in Moscow or in other cities within the oblast.
As of 2015, the oblast has a population of 7,231,068 people.
The oblast is located in the central part of the East European Plain.
The largest rivers are Oka, Moskva and Klyazma.
In 1708 Moscow governorate became one of the 8 first ones in Russia.
In 1929 was established Central Industrial Oblast, in little time renamed in Moscow Oblast.
Russian Orthodox : 45.5%
Atheism : 9.0%
Other Christianity : 3.0%
Other Orthodoxy : 2.0%
Rodnovery : 1.0%
Islam : 1.0%
Other, undeclared or "spiritual but not religious" : 38.5%
Balashikha - 507,307;
Podolsk - 309,250;
Khimki - 257,757.
Official website of Moscow Oblast
Football Club Spartak Vladikavkaz (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Владикавказ, Futbol'nyy klub «Spartak» Vladikavkaz) is a football club based in Vladikavkaz.
The club was founded in 1921, and won their first league title in the 1995 Russian Top League.
Winners (1): 1995
Runners-up (2): 1992, 1996
Russian Cup
Runners-up (1): 2010-11
Soviet First League
Winners (1): 1990
Runners-up (1): 2011-12
Soviet Second League / Russian Professional Football League
Winners (2): 1983, 2006
Runners-up (2): 1966, 1982
A water taxi (also known as a water bus or sightseeing boat,) is a watercraft used to provide public or private transport in an urban area.
A water taxi might make multiple stops, similar to a bus, or to on-demand locations, similar to a taxi.
A boat service going between two points would normally be called a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi.
was an author born in the former Soviet Union.
Granin started writing in the 1930s.
Granin served as a board member of the Leningrad Union of Writers, and he was a winner of many medals and honors including the State Prize for Literature in 1978 and Hero of Socialist Labor 1989.
Chris Roberts (Christian Klusáček; March 13, 1946 – July 2, 2017) was a German Schlager singer and actor.
He was married to the singer and actress Claudia Roberts.
They often performed on stage together.
Roberts represented Luxembourg as a part of a sextet in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 in which they sang "Children, Kinder, Enfants".
They got 37 points and came 13th place overall.
The first two singles Baby's gone and Welchen Weg soll ich gehen (One more mountain to climb) were released with his artist name Chris Robert.
John Aldridge "Jack" Collom (November 8, 1931 – July 2, 2017) was an American poet, essayist, and pedagogue.
His twenty-five books include Red Car Goes By: Selected Poems 1955-2000, Situation Sings (with Lyn Hejinian), and Second Nature, which won the 2013 Colorado Book Award for Poetry.
On Sound and Rhythm: A Way to Start Teaching Poetry to Children and Young Adults  – an excerpt from  Poetry Everywhere: Teaching Poetry Writing in School and in the Community.
Learning the Chant Poem an excerpt from Old Faithful: 18 Writers Present Their Favorite Writing Assignments.
Adriano Galliani (born 30 July 1944) is an Italian entrepreneur and football executive.
He served as Deputy vice-chairman and CEO of AC Milan since 1986.
During his tenure, Milan have won five European Cup / UEFA Champions League and eight Serie A titles among other achievements.
Interview at lamescolanza.com
Profile at magliarossonera.it
Amala Shankar (; 27 June 1919 – July 24, 2020) was an Indian ballerina, actress and artist.
She is the wife of Uday Shankar and mother of Ananda Shankar and Mamata Shankar and sister-in-law of Ravi Shankar.
Shankar acted in the movie Kalpana directed by Uday Shankar.
Shankar acted in the movie Kalpana (1948).
The movie was directed by Uday Shankar.
Amala played the character of Uma.
Amala Shankar attended 2012 Cannes Film Festival where the movie was screened.
West Ruislip is a station located on Ickenham Road between Ickenham and Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon in Greater London formerly in Middlesex; it is served by both London Underground (LU) and National Rail trains on independent platforms.
It is the western terminus of the LU Central line's West Ruislip branch, with Ruislip Gardens as the next Underground station towards central London.
The Central line and Chiltern Railways platforms and ticket office hall are managed by LU.
The closest station on the Metropolitan line and Piccadilly line is Ickenham which is 1.1 km from West Ruislip Station.
The station today
West Ruislip station is aligned approximately east-west with the main station buildings on the road overbridge across the lines at the western end of the station.
The London Underground tracks are south of the National Rail ones and operate from an island platform whilst the National Rail platforms are outside of their tracks.
The National Rail platforms are also served by a separate station building north of the tracks and adjacent to the car park.
In a legacy of the original scheme to continue the extension to Denham, the Central line tracks continue for a short distance beyond the station before ending at buffers.
The intended alignment of the unbuilt tracks can be seen from the width of the unused railway land south of the existing tracks.
The Central line's Ruislip depot is east of West Ruislip station, and has a connection via a shunting neck to the Network Rail westbound track west of the station to allow rolling stock and material deliveries.
The depot also has a connection to the Uxbridge branch tracks of the Metropolitan and Piccadilly Lines which pass under the Central line east of West Ruislip; it is used only for empty stock movements and works train access.
Two sidings west of the station to the north of the running lines provide layover facilities for works trains.
There are ticket barriers at the main entrance to the station; these control access to the Central line platforms from the public highway and from the pedestrian walkway linking the car park to the station.
The Chiltern platforms can be reached from the car park walkway without tickets, as no ticket barriers are installed to control access
Local elections in Latvia were held on 3 June 2017.
All 119 municipal councils of the country took part in the elections.
A number of deputies in the council depends on the amount of population in the territory: the bigger the population in the territory is, the more deputies work in the council.
The number of deputies can be 9, 13, 15, 17 or 19.
The only exclusion is the council of Riga, which is the capital of Latvia.
Riga is by far bigger than any other city of Latvia, so its municipal council consists of 60 deputies.
Citizens of Latvia and other countries of the European Union who are over 18 years old have the right to vote in the local elections.
In order to vote citizens of other EU countries have to register in the Population Register of Latvia at least 90 days before the election date.
Voters take part in the local elections in the territory where they live or where they have real estate.
Registration of voters is automatic.
People are automatically registered for the local elections on a certain polling station according to the place where they live.
However, no later than 18 days before the elections people can change their polling station to any other polling station in the territories where they live or have real estate.
599 lists of candidates were registered to participate in the local elections throughout the country.
The number of candidates willing to become deputies was 8945.
465 lists were nominated by political parties individually, 31 lists by coalitions of political parties and 103 lists by unions of voters.
77.46% of all candidates were ethnic Latvians, 3.90% ethnic Russians, 0.48% ethnic Poles, 1.37% all others.
16.99% of candidates refused to state their ethnic identity.
11.6% of all voters, which equals 167 thousand people, took part in the early voting from 31 May to 2 June.
The total turnout of the local elections was 50.41% or 727839 people.
The following map shows the results of the local elections in different territories of Latvia.
The colour, which each territory has, indicates the party, which received the majority of votes in this territory.
The coalition of Social Democratic Party "Harmony" and party "Proud to serve Riga" ruled Riga before the elections.
The representative of "Harmony" Nils Ušakovs was the mayor of the city and the head of the city council.
All other parties which took part in the elections agreed to work together to dismiss Ušakovs form the post of mayor.
According to the elections results the coalition of "Harmony" and party "Proud to serve Riga" lost several deputies in the council but received the majority of 32 places out of 60.
On 22 June 2017 Nils Ušakovs was reelected as the head of the city council.
Elections in the council of Riga
style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Party
style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Deputies
style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Change
| align=left| Harmony — Proud to serve Riga
| 127099
| align=right| 50,82
| align=right| 32
| align=right|  7
| align=left| LAR — Latvian Development
| 34176
| align=right| 13,66
| align=right| 9
| align=right|  9
| align=left| New Conservative Party
| 33553
| align=right| 13,42
| align=left| National Alliance
| 23135
| align=right| 9,25
| align=right| 6
| align=right|  6
| align=left| Unity
| 15653
| align=right| 6,26
| align=right| 4
| align=right|  5
| align=left| Others
| 15514
| align=right| 6,21
| align=right| 0
| align=right|
|align=left|Overall (turnout 58,72 %)
|width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|249130|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 99,61|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 60 |width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| —
| colspan=8 align=left | Source: Central Election Commission of Latvia
Before the elections, the representative of the Latgalian party Jānis Lāčplēsis was the mayor of the city and the head of the city council.
He was elected to these posts unanimously (with no deputy voted against) in 2013 after local elections of that year.
According to the elections results the Latgalian party increased the number of its deputies in the council, however, did not receive the majority.
At the same time, its rivals Social Democratic Party "Harmony" and "Our party" concluded a coalition agreement.
On 26 June 2017 Andrejs Elksniņš from "Harmony"  was elected as the mayor and the head of the city council while the leader of "Our party" Rihards Eigims became vice-mayor and the deputy head of the city council.
Elections in the council of Daugavpils
| align=left| Latgalian party
| 7899
| align=right| 28,57
| align=right|  2
| align=left| Harmony
| 7786
| align=right| 28,16
| align=right| 5
| align=right|  1
| align=left| Our party
| 5347
| align=right| 19,34
| align=right|  4
| align=left| Other
| 6316
| align=right| 22,85
|align=left|Overall (turnout 47,33 %)
|width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|27348
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 98,91
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 15
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| —
The following is a list of cities, towns and villages in the county of Kent, England, by letter:
Badgers Mount, Badlesmere, Bapchild, Barfrestone, Barham, Barming, Barnsole, Beachborough, Bean, Bearsted, Bedmonton, Bekesbourne, Beltinge, Beltring, Benenden, Benover, Bessels Green, Bethersden, Betsham, Betteshanger, Beult, Bexon, Bicknor, Bidborough, Biddenden, Bilsington, Bilting, Birchington-on-Sea, Birling, Bishopsbourne, Bladbean, Blean, Blue Bell Hill, Bobbing, Bonnington, Borden, Borough Green, Borstal, Bough Beech, Boughton Aluph, Boughton Green, Boughton Lees, Boughton Malherbe, Boughton Monchelsea, Boughton Street, Boughton under Blean, Boxley, Brabourne Lees, Brabourne, Bramling, Brasted Chart, Brasted, Breach, Bredgar, Bredhurst, Brenchley, Brenzett, Bridge, Broad Oak, Broadstairs, Brogdale, Bromley Green, Brompton, Brook, Brookland, Brooks End, Broomfield, Broomfield, Buckland, Burham, Burmarsh,
Ulcombe, Underriver, Upchurch, Uplees, Upnor, Upper Harbledown, Upper Hardres, Upstreet,
The ME postcode area, also known as the Rochester postcode area, is a group of twenty postcode districts around Medway in Kent, England, the letters in the postcode are derived from.
The area is divided into eleven post towns and extends into the districts of Tonbridge and Malling, Swale, Gravesham and Maidstone, as well as all of Medway.
Royal Mail's Postcode Address File
A quick introduction to Royal Mail's Postcode Address File (PAF)
The United Kingdom is divided by Royal Mail into postcode areas.
The postcode area is the largest geographical unit used and forms the first characters of the alphanumeric UK postcode.
Each postcode area is divided into post towns and postcode districts.
United Kingdom postcode areas
The Crown dependencies (which are not part of the United Kingdom) did not introduce postcodes until later, but use a similar coding scheme.
Defunct postcode areas
London NE and S
Glasgow, like London, was divided into compass districts: C, W, NW, N, E, SE, S, SW.
When postcodes were introduced, these were mapped into the new G postcode: C1 became G1, W1 became G11, N1 became G21, E1 became G31, S1 became G41, SW1 became G51, and so on.
As NW and SE had never been subdivided they became G20 and G40 respectively.
Norwich and Croydon
Norwich and Croydon were used for a postcode experiment in the late 1960s, which was replaced by the current system.
The format was of the form NOR or CRO followed by two numbers and a letter, e.g. NOR 07A.
Non-geographic postcodes
The BF postcode area was introduced in 2012 to provide optional postcodes for British Forces Post Office addresses, for consistency with the layout of other UK addresses.
It uses the national non-geographic post town "BFPO" and, as of 2012, the postcode district "BF1".
These were introduced to prevent mail being sent to the wrong place, e.g., for St Helena to St Helens, Merseyside and Ascension Island to Asunción, Paraguay, and many on-line companies will not accept addresses lacking a postcode.
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
Office for National Statistics - Postal geography
OpenStreetMap - Postcode map
Strowger net: postcodes of the UK
Direct Marketing Lists UK postcode map
Business Lists UK postcode map
FREE Vector UK Postcode Maps
PostcodeArea - Demographics, maps, crime rates, house prices and local information for all UK postcodes
Strange Maps - Frank Jacobs - Diagrammatic Map -
Area Information - Wide variety of information for each UK postcodes.
Housing information to residential data, crime statistics to sold house prices.
eo:Poŝtkodoj en Britio
Rotta was born in Villadossola, Italy, but was raised in Lucerne, Switzerland where his family emigrated.
He began his career in Switzerland at the age of 14, but eventually returned to Verona.
Donald Eugene "Gene" Conley (November 10, 1930 – July 4, 2017) was a Major League Baseball pitcher and basketball player of the NBA.
Conley played 11 seasons from 1952 to 1963 for four different teams.
Conley also played forward in the 1952–53 NBA season and from 1958 to 1964 for two teams in the National Basketball Association.
BaseballLibrary.com: Gene Conley
Baseball-Reference.com: Gene Conley
Basketball-Reference.com: Gene Conley
SABR Baseball Research Project: Gene Conley
Conley had twice as much fun at The Boston Globe
Joachim Meisner (25 December 1933 – 5 July 2017) was a German Cardinal of the Catholic Church.
He was born in Breslau, Germany (modern Wrocław, Poland).
Meisner was the immediate past Archbishop of Cologne, serving from 1989 until his resignation was accepted by Pope Francis in 2014.
He previously served as Bishop of Berlin from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983.
Jens Christian Skou (; October 8, 1918 – May 28, 2018) was a Danish medical doctor and Nobel laureate.
He was born in Lemvig, Denmark.
In 1997, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (together with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker) for his discovery of Na+,K+-ATPase.
Nobelprize.org - Autobiography of Jens Christian Skou
Nobelprize.org - Jens C. Skou's Nobel Lecture on "The Identification of the Sodium-Potassium Pump"
Strood railway station is a railway station in Strood in Kent.
Rochester railway station is a railway station in Rochester in Kent.
The station is on the Chatham Main Line.
Chatham railway station is a railway station in Chatham in Kent.
The station is roughly a 10 to 15 minute walk to/from the Pentagon Shopping Centre and the high street.
John R. Rodriguez (February 12, 1937 – July 5, 2017) was a Guyanaese-born Canadian politician.
He was born in Georgetown, Guyana.
He served as the mayor of Greater Sudbury, Ontario from 2006 to 2010, and previously represented the electoral district of Nickel Belt in the Canadian House of Commons from 1972 to 1980 and from 1984 to 1993 as a member of the New Democratic Party.
Text of Rodriguez's inaugural address as mayor, from the City of Greater Sudbury official website
Guyanese politicians
Choi Eun-hee (November 20, 1926 – April 16, 2018) was a South Korean actress.
She began her movie career in 1947 in the movie A New Oath.
For the next 20 years, she was one of the biggest stars in Korean movies and led the Shin Film company along with her husband, the director Shin Sang-ok.
She was born in Gwangju, Gyeonggi.
According to the Internet Movie Database, from 1955 to 1985, Choi appeared in eighty-one movies.
She received the award for best actress at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival in 1985, for her part in the movie Sogum.
In 1978, Choi and Shin, whom she had recently divorced due to Shin having committed adultery, were kidnapped in Hong Kong to North Korea by order of Kim Jong-il.
Kim's plan was to have Shin work as his propagandist and for Choi to be the star.
Shortly after agreeing to the demands of Kim, they were remarried at his recommendation.
The couple finally staged their escape in 1986 while on a trip to Vienna, fleeing to the United States embassy and requesting political asylum.
Inside the mind of Kim Jong-il, BBC, July 21, 2003, retrieved January 29, 2006
Kidnapped by North Korea, Mike Thomson, BBC, March 5, 2003, retrieved January 29, 2006
The 2019 Africa Cup of Nations (also called AFCON 2019 and CAN 2019) was the 32nd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations tournament.
The tournament to be hosted by Cameroon, but on January 9th CAF changed the host.
Egypt was the host of this tournament.
It was held from 21 June to 19 July 2019.
2019 in association football
2019 in Africa
June 2019 events
July 2019 events
Group J of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament is one of 12 groups to decide what team will qualify to play in the final tournament.
The group includes four teams: Egypt, Niger, Swaziland and Tunisia.
32nd Edition Of Total Africa Cup Of Nations, CAFonline.com
2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
Group D of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament is one of 12 groups to decide what team will qualify to play in the final tournament.
The group includes four teams: Algeria, Benin, Gambia and Togo.
2 goal
Assan Ceesay
Ramy Bensebaini
Sessi D'Almeida
Stéphane Sessègnon
Floyd Ayité
Kévin Denkey
Group E of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament is one of 12 groups to decide what team will qualify to play in the final tournament.
The group includes four teams: Nigeria, South Africa, Libya, and Seychelles.
Man'yōgana is the oldest known sound-based writing system used for the Japanese language.
When kanji, or Chinese characters used to write Japanese, first came to Japan in around the 4th century AD through the Korean Peninsula, it was only used to write the Chinese language.
Even though Chinese was not native to the Japanese people, classical Chinese writings were nonetheless studied heavily by upper-class Japanese.
Some time later, although the exact time is unknown, Chinese characters, which came be known as kanji in Japan, was being used to write the Japanese language for the first time in roughly the 6th century AD, although it had a heavy Chinese influence.
Figuring out how to write the Chinese character system to correctly fit the Japanese language was quite a difficult task, since there were such big differences between Chinese and Japanese.
For example, Chinese has an SVO (subject-verb-object) word order (i.e. I eat sushi), while Japanese has an SOV word order (i.e. I sushi eat).
Also, while Chinese morphemes, or the smallest meaningful part of a word, are usually monosyllabic, or having just one syllable, Japanese words often were polysyllabic, or having two or more syllables.
Examples of this include 山, 魚, 中, 国, 人, 多, 速 and 見.
In Mandarin Chinese, the most spoken Chinese dialect in the world, these morphemes are pronounced shān, yú, zhōng, guó, rén, duō, sù and kàn in that order, all of which are just one syllable.
In the native Japanese pronunciation, however, these morphemes are pronounced yama, sakana, naka, kuni, hito, oo, haya and mi(ru).
What makes all this more complicated is that the last three kanji are almost never written by themselves in Japanese, if at all, since they are usually used in adjectives, verbs, and adverbs.
Writing characters by themselves is often okay in Chinese, since Chinese is an analytic language, or a language where grammar is structured by word order, but Japanese is highly inflectional, meaning that grammar is structured by word endings.
For that reason, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs almost always have at least two morphemes, the first being the derivational morpheme, or the part of the word with the root meaning, and the second and others after it are called inflectional morphemes, or parts of the word added to show a word's grammar.
For example, a word that uses the character 見 is 見る mi(ru),  where the first morpheme, the kanji being 見 and its pronunciation being mi, has the root meaning "see", the second syllable ru shows that the word is a verb, making it into the word "to see".
The adjective 多い oo(i) is made up of the morpheme 多 oo, meaning "many", and the morpheme い i, showing that the word is an adjective.
The last examples are the two words 速い haya(i) and 速く haya(ku).
While the first morpheme in both words are the two syllables 速 haya, meaning "fast",  the い i　in 速い makes the word into an adjective while the く ku in 速く hayaku turns the word into an adverb, thus the word becomes "quickly".
Due to the many differences that existed between Chinese and Japanese, the Chinese character system had to be changed to fit spoken Japanese, if it were to be understood by native Japanese speakers.
The first solution the Japanese came up with was to use Chinese characters for their pronunciation and not for the meaning of the word.
These were called man'yōgana, which was named after the Man'yōshu, a collection of Japanese poems that wrote Japanese using the man'yōgana.
While Chinese characters used for their meaning became known as kanji, the Chinese characters being used only for pronunciation became known as man'yōgana.
Man'yōgana consisted of roughly 970 Chinese characters that could be used to represent roughly the roughly 90 different morae used in the Japanese language.
For example, while the character 山 means "mountain" in Japanese, the character itself was usually used only for Chinese loanwords, or words borrowed from the Chinese language, such as 富士山 Fuji-san, meaning "Mt. Fuji”，火山kazan, meaning "volcano”，and 山村 sanson, meaning "mountain village".
Words borrowed from the Chinese language would use on'yomi (in Japanese, the on'yomi for やま is san,  zan, sen, or zen), or pronunciations borrowed from Chinese, instead of kun'yomi, or native Japanese pronunciations.
During the early days of Japanese writing, native Japanese words were largely written using man'yōgana instead of kanji.
For example, while the kanji for "mountain" is 山, and the kun'yomi for the word is yama, the native Japanese word would be written as 耶麻, 八馬, 矢間, 也麻, etc.
to distinguish it from being a Chinese loanword, or kango.
While a modern Japanese sentence could be written like this: 私はすしを食べます Watashi-wa sushi-o tabemasu (meaning: I eat sushi), the same sentence written entirely in man'yōgana could be written as 和多氏巴寿司鳥他邊麻須, giving it a more Chinese look.
Or, if someone wanted to keep all the kanji the same but replace all the modern kana, the sentence would look like this 私巴寿司鳥食邊麻須.
Although man'yōgana gave the Japanese a means to represent spoken Japanese on paper, sentences written in man'yōgana were quite difficult to read.
Since Chinese characters were used for both representing the meaning of words and pronunciation, a lot of confusion could happen when a native Japanese speaker would read something written in both kanji and man'yōgana.
The above examples in man'yōgana would be difficult for even a native Japanese speaker to read, especially for a modern Japanese person.
On top of all that, writing everything down quickly was nearly impossible, since an entire Chinese character was needed to write down a simple Japanese syllable, some of which could have been written by up to 30 strokes of a pen.
In order to write faster, use fewer written characters, and read more easily, Japanese writers created simpler kana, or written characters to represent Japanese syllables.
Buddhist monks created katakana by only using pieces of kanji so that they could write down spoken teachings more quickly.
Upper-class women would use the kanji they knew and wrote cursive forms of these kanji.
These became known as hiragana.
While they were created separately, they later replaced man'yōgana as the main sound-based writing systems.
While most sound-based writing today uses hiragana and katakana, man'yōgana is still used to write some modern Japanese words.
These examples are called ateji.
Some examples include 寿司 sushi, 亜細亜 Ajia (Asia)、亜米利加 Amerika (America)、仏蘭西 Furansu (France)、阿弗利加 Afurika (Africa)、沢山 takusan and 珈琲 kōhī (coffee)。
Sometimes, like in the case of 仏蘭西, these are the old spellings of the names of places before the Japanese decided to represent all non-Chinese loanwords with katanana.
Other times, the ateji is used since the Chinese characters are more well-known in different countries than the hiragana and the katana, an example being that the Chinese can recognize 寿司, since both characters also exist in Chinese, rather than すし, since neither character exists in Chinese.
While the Chinese characters for "coffee" is 咖啡, the Japanese 珈琲 is close enough that Chinese could figure it out with a little guesswork.
Knut Hamsun (August 4, 1859 – February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature, in 1920.
He married Marie Hamsun.
Their children include Tore Hamsun.
Publication (in 2017) of notes written by Hamsun's psychoanalyst
1877 Den Gaadefulde.
En kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland (The name of the author, is listed as Knud Pedersen.)
1878 Et Gjensyn (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
1878 Bjørger (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
1889 Lars Oftedal.
Udkast (11 articles, previously printed in Dagbladet)
1889 Fra det moderne Amerikas Aandsliv (The Spiritual Life of Modern America)
1890 Sult (Hunger)
1892 Mysterier (Mysteries)
1893 Redaktør Lynge
1893 Ny Jord (Shallow Soil)
1894 Pan (Pan)
1895 Ved Rigets Port (At the Gate of the Kingdom)
1896 Livets Spil (The Game of Life)
1897 Siesta
1898 Aftenrøde.
Slutningspil
1898 Victoria.
En kjærlighedshistorie  (Victoria)
1902 Munken Vendt.
Brigantines saga I
1903 I Æventyrland.
Oplevet og drømt i Kaukasien (In Wonderland)
1903 Dronning Tamara, play
1903 Kratskog
1904 Det vilde Kor, poetry (The Wild Choir)
1904 Sværmere (Mothwise, 1921), (Dreamers)
1905 Stridende Liv.
Skildringer fra Vesten og Østen
1906 Under Høststjærnen.
En Vandrers Fortælling (Under the Autumn Star)
1908 Benoni Benoni
1908 Rosa: Af Student Parelius' Papirer (Rosa)
1909 En Vandrer spiller med Sordin (A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings)
1909 En Vandrer spiller med Sordin (Wanderers)
1910 Livet i Vold, play (In the Grip of Life)
1912 Den sidste Glæde (The Last Joy; also known as Look Back in Happiness)
1913 Børn av Tiden (Children of the Age)
1915 Segelfoss By 1 (Volume 1) (Segelfoss Town)
1915 Segelfoss By 2 (Volume 2) (Segelfoss Town)
1917 Markens Grøde 1 (Growth of the Soil)
1917 Markens Grøde 2
1918 Sproget i Fare
1920 Konerne ved Vandposten I (The Women at the Pump)
1920 Konerne ved Vandposten II
1923 Siste Kapitel I (Volume 1) (The Last Chapter)
1923 Siste Kapitel II (Volume 2) (The Last Chapter)
1927 Landstrykere I (Wayfarers)
1927 Landstrykere II
1930 August I (Volume 1) (August)
1930 August II (Volume 2) (August)
1933 Men Livet lever I (Volume 1) (The Road Leads On)
1933 Men Livet lever II (Volume 2) (The Road Leads On)
1936 Ringen sluttet (The Ring is Closed)
1949 Paa gjengrodde Stier (On Overgrown Paths)
Shanghainese food is the traditional food of Shanghai, China.
It is a kind of Chinese food.
Examples are xiaolongbao, spiced broad beans, and hairy crabs.
A xiaolongbao is a small kind of dumpling.
It is made of a flour skin wrapped around a ball of pork, crabmeat, shrimp, or bok choy and other vegetables.
It is steamed in a small basket called a "xiaolong", which gives the dumpling its name.
The steam and meat together create some soup inside the dumpling.
It was first made in Nanxiang in northwestern Shanghai, but the man who made it first later moved his shop to Yu Garden to get more business.
Wontons
Wontons are a kind of dumpling with a meat center inside a thin skin that is made of flour, egg, water, and salt.
The Shanghainese kinds come in two sizes, "small" and "big".
The small wontons are wrapped loosely by hand and eaten for breakfast.
The big wontons are wrapped carefully and eaten for lunch or dinner.
Both kinds are often filled with minced pork and bok choy and served in chicken soup, but restaurants sometimes have as many as 50 different fillings.
A well-known special kind is "Three-Freshness Soup"  sānxiān tāng), made with pork, shrimp, and fish.
Hongshao pork
"White cut chicken"
"White cut chicken" (白斬雞, 白斩鸡, báizhǎnjī) is chicken that is soaked in salt water, poached for about 30 minutes, chilled, and then cut into strips.
People usually think of it as a Cantonese food but Shanghai has its own kind, eaten with a soy ginger sauce.
It is usually eaten without the head, neck, or feet and locals prefer the dark meat in the thighs, legs, and back to the white meat in the breast, but all of them can be eaten at home or in restaurants.
The Shanghainese kind of white cut chicken prefers "triple yellow" chickens with yellow beaks, skin, and feet.
It is closely tied to the Xiao Shaoxing Restaurant (小紹興, 小绍兴, Xiǎoshàoxīng, "Little Shaoxing") on Yunnan Road near People's Square.
Zhang Runniu was a 16-year-old boy who left his home in Shaoxing during the Second World War.
He worked hard for a few years and then bought his own small shop in 1943.
His kind of poached chicken became famous in the city: his restaurant remains open today and its favorite dish is copied in other restaurants and kitchens around the city.
His yellow chickens are grown using a special set of food on farms in Pudong's Nanhui area.
The dish can be so rare that blood still comes from the bones in the chicken after cooking and cooling.
More people like the cool chicken during the hot summer, but many stayed away from it during the 2013 bird flu scare.
Hairy crab
Shanghainese hairy crab  máoxiè) is a kind of mitten crab.
It lives in rivers and lakes near Shanghai.
The most famous place to get it is Yangcheng Lake near Suzhou.
It is usually steamed and then cooked with huangjiu and soy sauce.
Youbao shrimp
Youbao shrimp (油爆虾, yóubàoxiā) is a kind of fried shrimp.
It uses a special sauce made of soy sauce, vinegar, scallions, salt, and black and red pepper.
Its name comes from the loud popping noises that it makes when you cook it.
Spiced broad beans
Spiced broad beans are made of beans flavored with aniseed and cinnamon.
They are sweet.
Nearly everyone knows them.
A person named Zhang Acheng (張阿成) made this food sixty years ago.
Cold congee
Cold congee (糖粥) is a kind of congee (rice porridge) that is made of glutinous rice, red beans, and sugar.
They are boiled together, then chilled to serve as a breakfast food.
Tofu pudding
Although people usually think of Shanghai as part of southern Chinese culture, Shanghainese tofu pudding follows the northern salty "tofu brains" ( dòunǎo) and not the southern sweet "tofu flower" ( dòuhuā) way of cooking it.
It is made from an extra soft kind of tofu.
In Shanghai, it is often eaten with soy sauce, shrimp, seaweed, or zhacai.
Doujiang
Doujiang  is the older, watery kind of soy milk.
It can be sweet, salty, or plain.
Some doujiang is always made when people make tofu, but Chinese people didn't start to like it until the 18th century.
Raw doujiang has the same kinds of things in it that make people fart a lot when they eat too many beans.
During the Qing, people found out that you could get rid of those things by cooking the doujiang for 90 minutes or so.
After that, it became very popular.
Some people sold it in the street, and others bought it fresh from tofu shops.
By the Republic, Shanghai had 2 doujiang factories producing thousands of bottles a day.
Pear-syrup candy
Pear-syrup candy (梨膏糖, lígāotáng) is a kind of candy made with pear syrup.
Wei Zheng (魏征) is said to have first made it as a medicine for his mother's cough in the year 634 during the Tang Dynasty.
Shanghainese pear-syrup candy began in three shops in the city's old walled city during the Qing Dynasty: Zhupinzhai (opened 1855), Yongshengtang (opened 1882), and Deshengtang (opened 1904).
These shops joined together in 1956 to form the Shanghai Pear-Syrup Candy Food Factory (上海梨膏糖食品厂), which makes its candy at a factory in Pudong but still sells it from a store in the market around Shanghai's City God Temple.
It remains a common souvenir for visitors to the city.
Now, it is usually flavored with fruit or pinenuts, but it is also made with mint, ham, or rose.
In traditional Chinese medicine, the candy is used for easing coughs and sore throats, reducing mucus, and increasing appetite.
Begonia cake
Begonia cake  hǎitánggāo) is a Chinese pastry.
It is made of dough filled with red bean paste and covered with preserved fruit pieces, sunflower and sesame seeds, and barley sugar.
Stands in Qibao and at Yu Garden sometimes use lard or peanuts.
It is baked in a mold shaped like the flower of the flowering crabapple tree.
It is more popular with older Shanghainese than younger ones.
White Rabbit milk candy
White Rabbit is a kind of soft milk candy first made in Shanghai.
It is made from milk, sugar, and some chemicals that make it last longer.
It was called "Mickey Mouse" candy when people first made it in 1943, but they changed it to "White Rabbit" later.
It was cheap and became very popular.
After China's melamine scandal, people in other countries stopped buying it until White Rabbit began to use milk from Australia and New Zealand instead of China.
Danish author Thorkild Hansen (en:) has said that the notes must certainly be viewed as [an] extremely important source.
Psychoanalysis; non-voluntary psychiatry during the Legal purge in Norway after World War II
In 1925, Hamsun had writer's block, and "he could not write a sentence".
To go to consultations, at a specialist of psychoanalysis [was a voluntary decision by Hamsun]; he went to Johannes Irgens Strømme(:no:Johannes Irgens Strømme no:) - who had been a student of Oskar Pfister(:en:Oskar Pfister en:)
In 1926 the writer's block eased, and the year after he published the novel Wayfarers;
Non-voluntary psychiatry
During the Legal purge in Norway after World War II(:en:Legal purge in Norway after World War II  en:)
[part of the diagnosis ] of Hamsun said that he had [a permanent reduction of sanity ] varig svekkede sjelsevner;
to disprove and discredit the diagnosis, Hamsun wrote On Overgrown Paths(:en:On Overgrown Paths en:) (published in 1949);
Storage of the notes
Interpreting and transcribing the notes
The stenographied notes were [borrowed] by [publishing house] Gyldendal(:en:Gyldendal en:) for more than two months; Gyldendal returned the notes [together with a letter dated] 18 January 1979; "with the help of a stenographer employed by Norway's parliament", Gyldendal was able to interpret 30 pages of the shorthand notes, and Gyldendal transcribed those (in 1979); [in the letter, the female stenographer said that more] deciphering could be achieved - but it probably would take years and it would be expensive.
Attempts at publication (of psychoanalysis)
A letter was sent - sometime before 2 April 2001 - from the national library, to the Ministry of Justice, regarding the library's [idea] to publicize the [notes regarding the] psychoanalysis ([that was] performed by Strømme); the notes were to be publicized together with comments from literary scientists and psychoanalysts; the project was to be led by Atle Kittang(:en:Atle Kittang en:) - an expert (on research regarding Hamsun) and a professor of literature.
Media wrote about the letter; psychiatrist Sigmund Karterud(:no:Sigmund Karterud no:) said (on 2 July) that psychiatrists [as a group] are shocked; However, the spokesman for the Hamsun family - Leif Hamsun (a grandchild of Knut Hamsun) - said that the project was not problematic.
Project by publishing house Gyldendal; the stopping of a project by "the national library"
At the same time, a major project was started by Gyldendal: Ingar Sletten Kolloen(:en:Ingar Sletten Kolloen en:) was [expected] to write a significant biography about Hamsun;
a group of people were put together by Kolloen [to help him]: members of the group included literary scientists and experts of psychoanalysis; the group included psychiatrist Sigmund Karterud(:no:Sigmund Karterud no:);
Notes from Hamsun's psychoanalyst, were published in 2017; the photocopied notes were from [Hamsun's appointments] with his psychoanalyst; the published notes were part of [a work of] art that was published in Vagant(:no:Vagant (tidsskrift)  no:)
In 2017 Morgenbladet(:en:Morgenbladet en:) asked "Why at all, are the notes owned by the public".
Current possession by "the national library"; change of status permitting publication
they are part of a package, [that the national library calls] manus 4°3565.
The "national library" (when it was called Universitetsbiblioteket)  received the notes, as a gift from the daughter of psychoanalyst Strømme.
Status permitting publication
Tankene mine får du aldri – Article from NRK 4 March 2001.
–Uetisk å utgi psykoanalysen – Article from Dagbladet 2 April 2001
Gillingham railway station is a railway station in Gillingham in Kent.
Rainham railway station is a railway station in Rainham in Kent.
The station is in walking distance from the Rainham shopping centre.
Gillingham (Kent) railway station, the railway station in Kent
Gillingham (Dorset) railway station, the railway station in Dorset
Rainham (Kent) railway station, the railway station in Kent
Rainham (Essex) railway station, the railway station in London
Rochester railway station in Kent, England
Rochester railway station, Victoria in Victoria, Australia
Rochester station, New York in Rochester, New York
Mr. Trash Wheel also known as the Inner Harbor Trash Wheel, is a trash interceptor.
It removes trash from the Inner Harbor in Baltimore, Maryland.
It is powered by water and solar power.
It moves through the water and sorts trash into a conveyor belt that empties it into a dumpster on the vessel.
Mr. Trash Wheel removes garbage from the Inner Harbor.
The garbage comes from the streets flowing into the water, particularly during storms.
Usually the current from the Jones Falls river powers the wheel's movement.
When the stream is slow it is powered by solar panels.
Buchs is a small city in Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Official website of the city of Buchs
B&Q plc is a British DIY and home improvement retailing company in the United Kingdom.
Its main offices are in Eastleigh, Hampshire, England.
It is owned by Kingfisher plc.
Since 2015, B&Q have been closing a number of stores, and converting some to outlets of Screwfix.
The company also has some outlets in Ireland.
Stores in Taiwan and China were unsuccessful, and closed down in 2007 and 2015.
Buseno is a municipality in the district Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.
Pierre Henry (9 December 1927 – 5 July 2017) was a French composer.
He was considered a pioneer of the musique concrète genre of electronic music.
Among Henry's works is the 1967 ballet Messe pour le temps présent.
In 1970 Henry collaborated with British rock band Spooky Tooth on the album Ceremony.
Discography of vinyl records.
Pierre Henry at Virtual International Philharmonic
Vinyl recording of prologuePsyché Rock (1967)
The Ybbs is a river in Lower Austria.
Its source is on the Zellerrain Pass near Mariazell.
Oberthal is a municipality in the district of Sankt Wendel in the state of Saarland, Germany.
It is about 7 km northwest of Sankt Wendel, and 35 km north of Saarbrücken.
Gronig (1,442)
Güdesweiler (1,350)
Oberthal (2,872)
Steinberg-Deckenhardt (787)
Thomas Berry Brazelton (May 10, 1918 – March 13, 2018) was an American pediatrician, television host and author.
He was the developer of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS).
Brazelton hosts the cable television program What Every Baby Knows, and writes a syndicated newspaper column.
Brazelton has written more than two hundred scholarly papers and twenty four books.
He graduated in 1940 from Princeton and in 1943 from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City.
He died in Barnstable, Massachusetts on March 13, 2018, at the age of 99.
The Brazelton Institute
The T. Berry Brazelton papers can be found at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School.
Zürich Airport (, ), is an international airport serving Zürich.
It is the largest hub of Swiss International Air Lines.
It is  north of central Zürich, in the municipalities of Kloten, Oberglatt, Rümlang, Winkel and Opfikon, all of which are within the canton of Zurich.
It was opened in 1948.
It is also known as Kloten Airport.
Airports in Switzerland
Chalampé is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
The town was founded by soldiers of Marshal Dubourg who in 1709 had beaten the Austrians under Count Claude Florimond de Mercy in the War of the Spanish Succession.
Athens is a city in Ohio in the United States.
It is the county seat of Athens County.
Cuxton is a village in Medway in South East England.
It is on left side of the River Medway in the North Downs.
It also has a railway station, Cuxton railway station.
There are 2 arrondissements in the Haute-Saône department.
1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Jussey, Luxeuil, Lure, Vesoul, Gray and Champlitte with the capital in Gray alternating with Vesoul.
1794 : only Gray remained as the capital of the department.
1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Vesoul, Gray and Lure; the capital was moved from Gray to Vesoul.
1926 : the arrondissement of Gray was eliminated.
Adam Bennett Schiff (born June 22, 1960) is an American politician.
He is the U.S. Representative for .
He has served in Congress since 2001.
Congressman Adam Schiff  official U.S. House site
Adam Schiff for Congress
Biography at Ballotpedia
Biography at NNDB
Congressional profile at GovTrack
Congressional profile at OpenCongress
Congressional profile  at Roll Call
Financial information (federal office) at OpenSecrets.org
Financial investments (personal)  at The Washington Post
Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
Financial information (state office)  at the National Institute for Money in State Politics
Larry D. Lieber (; born October 26, 1931) is an American comic book artist and writer.
He is the younger brother of Marvel Comics' writer, editor, and publisher Stan Lee.