the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Deportivo Independiente Medellín, also known as DIM, is a Colombian professional football club based in the city of Medellín.
The club currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at Estadio Atanasio Girardot.
That is part of the Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex.
The team was created on 14 November 1913 as Medellín Football Club.
The team played its first match against the amateur team Sporting of Medellin, that thrashed them 11–0.
After some years, they joined professional football and played the first season of the league.
Their first match was a 4–0 loss against América de Cali.
Attacks on mainland U.S. or organized incorporated U.S. territories
American Revolutionary War 1775–1780
American Indian Wars 1775–1918
War of 1812 1812–1815
Thornton Affair April 26, 1846
Mexican–American War 1846–1848
Black Tom explosion July 30, 1916
Battle of Columbus 1916
Bombardment of Orleans 1918
Battle of Ambos Nogales 1918
Bombing of Naco  1929
Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
American Theater (World War II) 1941–1945
Assassination of John F. Kennedy November 22, 1963
1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters January 25, 1993
1993 World Trade Center bombing February 26, 1993
September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda on New York City, New York; Arlington, Virginia; and Shanksville, Pennsylvania September 11, 2001
Attacks on U.S. unincorporated territories
Japanese invasion of the Philippines 1941–1945
Battle of Guam 1941
Battle of Wake 1941
Battle of Midway 1942
Drum machine is an electronic musical instrument made to imitate the sound of percussion instruments.
Drum machines are commonly used in electronic music genres, but also used in other genres.
100 Women is a BBC series started in 2013.
It looks at the role of women in the twenty-first century.
It organised events in London and Mexico.
After the women are named, the BBC has three weeks of information about women.
Women from all over the world make comments on Twitter about the interviews and debates.
After the 2012 Delhi gang rape case, BBC Controller Liliane Landor, BBC editor Fiona Crack, and other journalists started a series about the issues and successes of women.
Women told the BBC there was not enough information about issues women face.
In March 2013, BBC received a "flood of feedback from female listeners" that asked for more information "from and about women."
The BBC started the series in 2013 because there were not enough women represented in the media.
The BBC used a survey in 26 languages to choose women for the first program.
There were programs for one month, then there was a conference on 25 October.
Women from different countries talked about issues they shared.
There were many subjects, like work, feminism, motherhood, and religion.
The series looked at cultural and social problems women have in life.
After the first program, there were many other subjects, like education, health, equal pay, genital mutilation, domestic violence, and sexual abuse.
The series tries to give women a place to talk about how to make the world better and stop sexism.
Women on the list are from many countries and many professions.
Some of the women are famous, and some are not well known.
Names of the 100 women
The 2016 theme was Defiance.
Part of the 100 Women festival was in Mexico City.
The 2016 list was in alphabetical order.
The BBC News 100 Women list in 2015 was made up of many notable international names, as well as women who were unknown, but who represent issues women face.
The women of 2015, included representatives from 51 countries and were not necessarily those who would traditionally have been seen as role models—a woman suffering from depression, a woman who advocates for equal access to bathroom facilities, a woman who encourages other women to avoid make-up, and a reindeer nomad.
The 2013 event was a month-long BBC series that took place in October.
The series examined the role of women in the 21st century and culminated in an event held at BBC Broadcasting House in London, United Kingdom on 25 October 2013 involving a hundred women from around the world, all of whom came from different walks of life.
The day featured debate and discussion on radio, television and online, in which the participants were asked to give their opinions about the issues facing women.
Initiatives by year
Other participants
100 Women at BBC Online
Riham El Hour (Arabic: ريهام الحر, born March 8, 1977), is a cartoonist from Morocco.
She was first woman to join the Union of Moroccan Professional Caricaturists.
She was named one of BBC's 100 women of 2016.
She uses her cartoons to speak for women and against male guardianship laws.
Riham was born in Kenitra in Morocco.
Her family is Palestinian.
She received a bachelor's degree in Arabic language and literature from the Faculty of Arts in Kenitra.
In 2000 Riham won UNESCO's Palestine Prize in an international competition.
In 2002, she participated in the national days of Moroccan caricature, as the first woman caricaturist of Morocco.
In 2005 and 2006 she received a prize at caricatures exhibitions in Damascus, Syria.
In 2007, she represented Morocco at the Santomera exhibition in Spain.
After she won the UNESCO competition, Riham met Larbi Sebbone, a well-known Moroccan caricaturist.
Larbi encouraged her to draw more.
Her first drawings were in Al Alam, a Moroccan newspaper in the Arabic language, and in Al Mintaka, a local Kenitra newspaper.
Then she drew for the women's magazine Citadines.
In 2006 she worked in the national press.
She worked with newspapers, magazines and women's magazines.
By 2010 she was considered part of the "Syriacartoon family".
In October 2011, she started work with the Arabic version of Likolli Nissae.
Finally she went to work for Rissalat Al Ouma, a newspaper in Casablanca.
Riham El Hour on Facebook
Swissair Flight 111 was a scheduled flight from New York to Geneva, Switzerland on September, 2 1998.
The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-11.
Onboard were 215 passengers and 14 crew members.
The plane had a cockpit fire.
It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Nova Scotia.
All 229 people died.
It was the second-worst accident ever in the Halifax, Nova Scotia area.
Pasengers
Swissair Flight 111 Re-creation; YouTube
Swissair Flight 111 – St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia; Lost at Sea Memorials
1998 in North America
A unary function is a function that takes just a single argument.
In contrast, a function that takes more than one argument is called a polyadic function.
Institut catholique d'arts et métiers is a graduate engineering school in France.
Ingénieur ICAM (ICAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ICAM.
A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing rig that mainly has sails that are set along the line of the keel instead of perpendicular to it.
Two of the earliest fore-and-aft rigged sailing designs were the Chinese junk and the triangular lateen sails of the Egyptian Feluccas and dhows.
The lateen sail was used by Greek ships as early as the 9th century.
By the 11th century the fore-and-aft rig began to be used in the Italian city-states and the Mediterranean Sea.
The generally gentle climate made its use practical.
There seems to be no record of when it was first used in Northern Europe.
The square rigged sails came first in the North.
The Vikings used square rigged sails which became popular in Britain and Northern Europe.
They certainly had seen its use in the course of trade and during the Crusades.
The Renaissance changed this.
Slowly the fore-and-aft rig came into common use on rivers and in estuaries in Britain, Northern France, and the Low Countries.
The square rig remained standard for the harsher conditions of the open North Sea as well as for transatlantic sailing.
The lateen sail was more maneuverable and faster, while the square rig was clumsy but seaworthy.
The Rigging of a Sailing Ship
fore and aft; YouTube
The Physics of Sailing; YouTube
A sloop is a sailboat usually with one mast and fore-and-aft rigged sails.
It can also describe a square rigged sailing ship of two or more masts which is sometimes called a sloop of war.
The French called them corvettes.
Originally the definition of a sloop was vague.
A 1750 book said sloops "are sailed and masted as men's fancies lead them, sometimes with one mast, with two, and with three."
Modern recreational sloops are almost always one-masted sailing ships with fore-and-aft sails.
Their simple layout makes them popular with amateur sailors.
The sloop is a manageable sailboat layout up to a length of about .
The sloop design dates back to the early part of the 17th century.
By the 20th century they became very popular.
Their main advantages are their ease of handling and ability to sail upwind (into the wind).
An early 17th century design was the Bermuda sloop, so-named for the Bermuda trade with North America.
It was designed to be fast and could sail in both directions.
They needed to be fast to outrun French privateers.
The hull was made from Bermuda cedar.
The wood was light and resisted rot.
They had from one to three masts.
Most modern sailboats are based on the Bermuda sloop design.
The Bermuda rig replaced the earlier gaff rig which used a four-cornered sail (instead of a triangular sail) and a spar.
A gaff rig design allows more sail on a mast.
Another advantage is the gaff rig and other early designs can spill wind faster in a blow (heavy wind).
The sloop of war was the most numerous design in the Royal Navy by the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Yet very little has been written about them or their French counterpart, the Corvettes.
Later, the United States used sloops of war.
The Royal Navy used the class of "sloop" right up until the end of World War II.
The sailing sloop, like its larger cousin the frigate, were fast and used in a variety of roles.
They were not usually used in battle, but were more often used for support in reconnaissance and for carrying messages.
They were probably the best of the Royal Navy sailing ships for maneuverability and could function in all but the roughest sea conditions.
J-class yacht
Keelboat
Skerry cruiser
Smack (ship)
Yawl
Thames sailing barge
Pocket cruiser
Class B Bahamian Racing Sloop "Tari Anne"; YouTube
19th century Sloop of War U.S.S Constellation; YouTube
East Croydon station is a railway station and tram stop on the Croydon Tramlink.
It is in fare zone 5.
Platform 1 serves fast London-bound trains to Victoria station and platforms 2 and 3 serves fast south-bound trains to Brighton, Eastbourne and Southampton Central railway station.
Platform 4 serves fast trains towards London Bridge station.
Platform 6 is used for fast trains towards Oxted, Uckfield and East Grinstead and for stopping services towards Tattenham Corner and Caterham.
Platform 5 is for slow services that stop in many places.
London buses  traveling routes 64, 119, 194, 197, 198, 312, 367, 410, 433, 466, 689 and X26 all serve this station.
http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations_destinations/ECR.aspx
an extra payment in addition to wage
Performance-related pay for how well someone works
Bonus, Pennsylvania
Bonus, Texas
A type of question in Quiz Bowl
The Courage in Journalism Award is a prize by the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) for women journalists.
It recognizes women who write from dangerous areas.
Since 1990, more than 100 women from 54 countries received the award.
In 2014, the IWMF started a new award, the Anja Niedringhaus Courage in Photojournalism Award, named for the photojournalist killed in Afghanistan during the elections.
Award winners by year
Khabar Lahariya of India
Paola Ugaz of Peru
Vanessa Charlot of the United States
Katsyaryna Andreeva and Darya Chultsova of Belarus
Deborah Amos of the United States
Saniya Toiken of Kazakhstan
Hadeel al-Yamani of Yemen
Andrea Mitchell of the United States - Lifetime Achievement Award
Stefanie Sinclair - Anja Niedlinghaus Courage in Photojournalism Award
Mabel Cáceres of Peru
Janine di Giovanni of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France
Stella Paul of India
Diane Rehm of the United States
Mwape Kumwenda of Zambia
Anna Nemtsova of Russia
Lourdes Ramirez of Honduras
Linda Deutsch of the United States
Arwa Damon of the United States
Solange Lusiku Nsimire  of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Brankica Stanković  of Serbia
Alexandra Trower of the United States
Najiba Ayubi of Afghanistan
Nour Kelze of Syria
Bopha Phorn of Cambodia
Edna Machirori of Zimbabwe
Anne Finucane of the United States
Reeyot Alemu of Ethiopia
Asmaa Al-Ghoul of Palestine
Khadija Ismayilova of Azerbaijan
Zubeida Mustafa of Pakistan
Adela Navarro Bello of Mexico
Parisa Hafezi of Iran
Chiranuch Premchaiporn of Thailand
Kate Adie of the United Kingdom
Claudia Julieta Duque of Colombia
Tsering Woeser of Tibet
Alma Guillermoprieto of Mexico
Jila Baniyaghoob of Iran
Iryna Khalip of Belarus
Agnes Taile of Cameroon
Amira Hass of Israel
Farida Nekzad of Afghanistan
Sevgul Uludag of Cyprus
Aye Aye Win of Myanmar
Edith Lederer of United States
Lydia Cacho of Mexico
Serkalem Fasil of Ethiopia
McClatchy’s Baghdad bureau (Shatha al Awsy, Zaineb Obeid, Huda Ahmed, Ban Adil Sarhan, Alaa Majeed, and Sahar Issa) of Iraq
Peta Thornycroft of Zimbabwe
Jill Carroll of the United States
May Chidiac of Lebanon
Gao Yu (accepting 1995 award) of China
Elena Poniatowska of Mexico
Sumi Khan of Bangladesh
Anja Niedringhaus (1965-2014) of Germany
Shahla Sherkat of Iran
Molly Ivins (1944-2007) of the United States
Gwen Lister of Namibia
Mabel Rehnfeldt of Paraguay
Salima Tlemcani of Algeria
Belva Davis of United States
Anne Garrels of the United States
Tatyana Goryachova of the Ukraine
Marielos Monzon of Guatemala
Magdalena Ruiz of Argentina
Kathy Gannon of Canada
Sandra Nyaira of Zimbabwe
Anna Politkovskaya (1958-2006) of Russia
Mary McGrory (1918-2004) of the United States
Amal Abbas of Sudan
Carmen Gurruchaga of Spain
Colleen “Koky” Dishon (1924-2004) of the United States
Marie Colvin (1956-2012) of the United Kingdom
Agnes Nindorera of Burundi
Zamira Sydykova of Kyrgyzstan
Flora Lewis (1922-2002) of the United States
Sharifa Akhlas of Afghanistan
Kim Bolan of Canada
Aferdita Kelmendi of Kosovo
Peggy Peterman (1936-2004) of the United States
Elizabeth Neuffer (1956-2003) of the United States
Blanca Rosales Valencia of Peru
Anna Zarkova of Bulgaria
Bonnie Angelo of the United States
Bina Bektiati of Indonesia
Corinne Dufka of the United States
Maribel Gutierrez Moreno of Mexico
Nancy Woodhull (1945-1997) of the United States
Ayse Onal of Turkey
Saida Ramadan of Sudan
Lucy Sichone of Zambia
Meg Greenfield (1930-1999) of United States
Chris Anyanwu of Nigeria
Horria Saihi of Algeria
Gao Yu of China
Helen Thomas (1920-2013) of United States
Christiane Amanpour of the United States
Razia Bhatti (1944-1996) of Pakistan
Marie-Yolande Saint-Fleur of Haiti
Katharine Graham (1917-2001) of the United States
Donna Ferrato of the United States
Mirsada Sakic-Hatibovic, Arijana Saracevic of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Cecilia Valenzuela of Peru
Nan Robertson (1926-2009) of the United States
Catherine Gicheru of Kenya
Kemal Kurspahic, Gordana Knezevic of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Margaret Moth of New Zealand
Barbara Walters of the United States
Lyubov Kovalevskaya of the Ukraine
Marites Vitug of the Philippines
Maria Jimena Duzan of Colombia
Florica Ichim of Romania
Caryle Murphy of the United States
Lilianne Pierre-Paul of Haiti
Journalism awards
A brig is a sailing ship with two square-rigged masts.
During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable.
They were used as both naval warships and merchant vessels.
Even after the sailing age ended they were used as training ships.
The brig was one of the smaller two-masted sailing ships.
They popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
Brigs fell out of use with the arrival of the steam ship because they required a relatively large crew for their small size.
They were also difficult to sail into the wind.
They are not to be confused with a brigantine, which has different rigging (a brigantine has a gaff-rigged mainsail, while a brig has a square mainsail with an additional gaff-rigged spanker behind the mainsail).
A brig is different from a three-masted ship because it only has two masts.
In sailing, a full-rigged brig is a vessel with two square rigged masts (called the fore and main).
The main mast of a brig is the aft (rear) one.
To improve maneuverability, the mainmast carries a small (gaff rigged) fore-and-aft sail.
Brig sails are named after the masts to which they are attached.
Those attached to the main mast are called the mainsail; above that the main topsail and above that the main topgallant sail.
Occasionally a very small sail, called the royal, is above that.
Behind the mainsail there is a small fore-and-aft sail called the spanker or boom mainsail (it is similar to the main sail of a schooner).
Attached to the respective yards of square-rigged ships are smaller spars.
These can be extended, which lengthens the yard.
This allows it to receive an additional sailing wing on each side.
These are called studding sails.
They are used with fair and light wind only.
The wings are named after the sails to which they are fastened.
For example, the main studding sails, main top studding sails, and the main top gallant studding sails, etc.
The brig’s foremast is smaller than the main mast.
The fore mast holds a foresail, fore topsail, fore top gallant sail, and fore royal.
Between the fore mast and the bowsprit are the fore staysail, jib, and flying jib.
All the yards are manipulated by a complicated arrangement of cordage named the running rigging.
This is opposed to the standing rigging which is fixed, and keeps mast and other objects rigid.
Traditionally the running rigging was easily recognized.
This was because, for flexibility, it was not coated with tar and therefore of a lighter color.
The standing rigging was tarred for protection from weather and therefore darker or even black in color.
A brig is "generally built on a larger scale than a schooner.
It could approach the size of a full-sized, three-masted ship."
Brigs varried in length between 75 and 165 ft (23–50 m) with tonnages up to 480.
Historically, most brigs were made of wood.
However some later brigs were built with hulls and masts of steel or iron.
Brigs with pine hulls were built in the 19th century.
They was designed to last for about twenty years although many lasted longer.
Brigs were used as small warships carrying about 10 to 18 cannons.
Due to their speed and maneuverability they were popular among pirates (though they were rare among American and Caribbean pirates).
Their use stretches back before the 17th century.
However one of the most famous periods for the brig was during the 19th century when they were involved in famous naval battles such as the Battle of Lake Erie.
In the early 19th century the brig was a standard cargo ship.
It was seen as "fast and well sailing", but required a large crew to handle its rigging.
While brigs could not sail into the wind as easily as fore-and-aft–rigged vessels such as schooners a skilled brig captain could "manoeuvre it with ease and elegance; a brig could for instance turn around almost on the spot".
A brig's square-rig also had the advantage over a fore-and-aft–rigged vessel when travelling in the open ocean.
When fore-and aft rigged vessels sailed downwind for extended distances and where "the danger of a sudden jibe was the large schooner-captain's nightmare".
This trait later led to the evolution of the barquentine.
The need for large crews in relation to their smaller size led to the decline of the production of brigs.
They were replaced in commercial traffic by gaff sail schooners (which needed smaller crews) and steam boats (which did not have the windward performance problems of square rigged ships).
The Telos, built in Bangor, Maine in 1883, was reportedly the last brig to join the American merchant marine.
It was "considered to be the finest vessel of her class ever constructed in Maine".
She was wrecked on Aves Island, off Bonaire in the Caribbean, in 1900.
The 1956 Grand Canyon was a mid-air collision that happened on Saturday, 30 June 1956 at 11:31 am Mountain Standard Time.
A United Airlines plane running as United Airlines Flight 718 hit another airplane owned by Trans World Airlines (TWA), operating as Trans World Airlines Flight 2.
The aircraft involved was a Douglas DC-7 and a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation.
The crash happened over the Grand Canyon within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park.
All 128 passengers and crew on board both flights died in the collision.
The crash was the first commercial airline crash with over 100 deaths, and led to lots of changes in flight control in the United States.
The crash site today is considered as a National Historic Landmark.
A total of two airplanes were involved in the collision.
These planes were:
United Airlines Flight 718 - nicknamed Mainliner Vancouver, the aircraft was a Douglas DC-7.
The airplane had an aircraft registration of .
The aircraft carried a total of 58 people (53 passengers and 5 crew members).
The aircraft was flying under the orders of pilot Robert F. Shirley, co-pilot Robert W. Harms,and flight engineer Gerard Fiore.
Trans World Airlines Flight 2 - nicknamed Star of the Seine, the aircraft was a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation.
The aircraft had an aircraft registration of .
The aircraft carried 70 people (64 passengers and 6 crew members).
The aircraft was flying under the orders of pilot Jack S. Gandy, co-pilot James H. Ritner, and flight engineer Forrest D. Breyfogle.
The area developed as a tourist destination through the 1970s and 1980s and has a large number of hotels, shops, restaurants and clubs.
It is situated close to the old international airport.
Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee.
The estimated population for 2016 was 970,221.
Memphis is its county seat.
A cutter is typically a small, but in some cases a medium-sized, watercraft designed for speed rather than for capacity.
Traditionally a cutter is a smaller sailing ship with a single mast.
It is fore-and-aft rigged, with two or more headsails and often has a bowsprit.
In modern usage, a cutter can be either a small- or medium-sized ship whose occupants exercise official authority.
Examples are harbor pilots' cutters and cutters of the U.S. Coast Guard or UK Border Force.
Cutters can also be a small boat serving a larger one to ferry passengers or light cargo between larger ships and the shore.
This type of cutter may be powered by oars, sails or a motor.
Plastic wrap (also cling wrap, food wrap, or clingfilm) is a thin plastic material.
It is used for sealing food in containers.
It keeps food fresh over a long period of time without spoiling.
It is usually sold on rolls in boxes with a cutting edge.
Plastic wrap was first made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
A common, cheaper alternative to PVC is low-density polyethylene (LDPE).
LDPE doesn't stick to itself as well as PVC.
In the United States and Japan, Plastic wrap has sometimes been made of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC).
PVdC was the main ingredient in Saran Wrap, a popular brand of plastic wrap.
Now, Saran Wrap is made with polyethylene.
Research shows that plastic wrapping of food is often not wasteful, because the food lasts longer.
A study showed that only 3% of wrapped food was wasted in the UK, but up to 50% of food was wasted in an African country, where it was sold unwrapped.
Bad Moms is a 2016 American comedy movie.
It was released in July 2016.
Amy Mitchell is a married woman with two children, Dylan and Jane.
Amy feels overworked and over-committed.
She works as a sales representative for a "hip" coffee company.
She is active in her school's Parent-Teacher Association or PTA.
The PTA is run by Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate), Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky.
Mila Kunis as Amy Mitchell
Kristen Bell as Kiki
Kathryn Hahn as Carla Dunkler
Christina Applegate as Gwendolyn James
Jada Pinkett Smith as Stacy
Annie Mumolo as Vicky
Jay Hernandez as Jessie Harkness
Lilly Singh as Cathy
Oona Laurence as Jane Mitchell
Emjay Anthony as Dylan Mitchell
Billy Slaughter as Veterinarian
Wendell Pierce as Principal Daryl Burr
David Walton as Mike Mitchell
Megan Ferguson as Tessa
Wanda Sykes as Dr. Elizabeth Karl
J. J. Watt as Coach Craig
Clark Duke as Dale Kipler
Martha Stewart as herself
Bad Moms took in over $179 million at the box office.
The movie's reviews were mixed.
It scored a 60 on Metacritic's reviews.
Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 60% rating.
Unterbäch is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Wiler (Lötschen) is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Carshalton railway station is a railway station at Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton in South London.
It is located between Sutton and Hackbridge.
The station opened on 1st October 1868.
The two main trains that run in this station is Southern and Thameslink.
This station is in fare zone 5.
There are two station in this station.
Platform 1 is for trains towards Central London and Bedfordshire.
This includes trains towards Victoria station, St Albans and Luton.
Platform 2 is for southbound trains.
This includes trains to Sutton (Surrey) and Epsom.
Up (northbound)
2 to Victoria Station via Balham station
1 to St Albans via St Pancras station
1 to Luton via St Pancras station
Down (southbound)
2 to Sutton (Surrey) (last stop)
2 to Epsom via Sutton (Surrey)
Live Departure Boards - National Rail Enquiries
Beah Richards (July 12, 1920 – September 14, 2000) was an American actress.
She performed on stage, in movies and on television.
During her career, she received two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performances on television.
Richards made many guest television appearances in shows, like The Bill Cosby Show, Designing Women and ER.
Richards was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Emphysema took her life in September 2000.
She was age 80.
ER was an American medical drama series on NBC.
The show aired from September 19, 1994 to April 2, 2009.
The show was about fictional County General Hospital in Chicago.
It showed stories from the emergency room.
Novelist Michael Crichton was the creator of the show.
ER won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards.
It won 116 awards overall, including the Peabody Award.
It was nominated for 124 Emmys.
The ZooParc de Beauval (or Beauval zoo) is a zoo in Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher.
It has nearly 35,000 animals, including two giant pandas, found nowhere else in France.
It was created in 1980 by Françoise Delord.
It is considered to be one of the largest zoos in Europe.
A jib is a triangular sail that sets ahead of the foremast of a sailing vessel.
Its tack (lower leading edge) is attached to the bowsprit, to the bow, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast.
Jibs and spinnakers are the two main types of headsails on a modern boat.
Traditional vessels
The foremost one sets on the topmast forestay and is generally called the jib topsail.
A second jib on the main forestay is called the jib.
The innermost jib is called the staysail.
Actually, all three sails are both jibs and staysails, in a general sense.
A large square-rigged ship typically has four jibs, but could have as many as six.
Jib of jibs
Spindle jib
Flying jib
Outer jib
Inner jib
Fore (topmast) staysail.
The first two were rarely used except by clipper ships in light winds.
A storm jib was a small jib of heavy canvas set to a stay to help to control the ship in bad weather.
Modern vessels
Boats may be sailed using a jib alone.
More commonly jib(s) make a minor direct contribution to moving the boat, compared to a mainsail.
Generally, a jib's most important function is as an airfoil, increasing performance and overall stability of the mainsail.
On boats with only one jib, it is common for the clew of the jib to be further aft than the mast, meaning the jib and mainsail overlap.
An overlapping jib is called a genoa jib or simply a genoa (see illustration).
These are efficiently used when  reaching more broadly than a close reach.
Alternatively, a boat may carry smaller jibs, to compensate aerodynamics when the mainsail is  reefed; these more rugged sails are called storm jibs or spitfires.
On a boat with two staysails the inner sail is called the staysail, and the outer (foremost) is called the jib.
This combination of two staysails is called a cutter rig (or in North America a yankee pair) and a boat with one mast rigged with two staysails and a mainsail is called a cutter.
On cruising yachts, and nearly all racing sailboats, the jib needs to be worked when tacking.
On these yachts, there are two sheets (ropes) attached to the clew of the jib.
As the yacht comes head to wind during a tack, the active sheet is released.
At the same time the other sheet (the lazy sheet) on the other side of the boat is pulled in.
This sheet becomes the new active sheet until the next tack.
Beginners Guide to Sailing - An Introduction; YouTube
Brian (sometimes spelled as Bryan) is a common name in the English language.
The name came from Irish and Breton origins.
The name is also a surname of Occitan origins.
The exact meaning of Brian is not known.
However, it is possible the  name is from Old Celtic, meaning "high" or "noble".
People named Brian
Brian Blessed (born 1937), English actor
Brian Clough (1935–2004), British football manager
Brian Cowen (born 1960), former Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of the Republic of Ireland
Brian Cox (born 1946), Scottish actor
Brian De Palma (born 1940), American film director
Brian Eno (born 1948), English electronic musician, music theorist and record producer
Brian Epstein (1934–1967), English businessperson, manager of The Beatles
Brian Johnson (born 1947), member and lead vocalist of the hard rock band AC/DC
Brian Jones (1942–1969), founding member, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist in the English rock group The Rolling Stones
Brian Jossie (born 1977), American professional wrestler performing under the ring name of Abraham Washington
Brian Joubert (born 1984), French figure skater and 2007 World Champion
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Brian May (born 1947), famous guitarist from the band, Queen
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Brian Mulroney (born 1939), former Canadian prime minister (1984–1993)
Brian Williams (born 1959), anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News on the NBC Television Network
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Brian Wilson (born 1982), pitcher for the San Francisco Giants
LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 was a flight operated by LaMia that crashed near the city of Medellín in Colombia.
The airplane was carrying players from the Chapecoense football team.
The airplane crashed on 28 November 2016, at around 22:00 local time.
The crash killed 71 people.
Seven people originally survived the crash.
However, one of the survivors, a goalkeeper known as Danilo, died a few hours after the plane crashed.
The three Chapecoense players that survived were Alan Ruschel, Jakson Follmann, and Neto.
It crashed on November 28, 2016 at approximately 21:58 (UTC-5: 00).
Among the passengers were players from the Brazilian soccer team Chapecoense, who were on their way to play the 2016 Copa Sudamericana final against Atlético Nacional.
Six people survived the accident.
The Colombian Civil Aeronautics Special Administrative Unit investigated the accident with the support of the British Air Accidents Investigation Branch.
The preliminary Colombian report indicated that the plane was traveling overweight and with fuel at the limit, and that the pilots mistakenly decided not to make stopovers to refuel at the Alfredo Vásquez Cobo de Leticia or El Dorado of Bogotá airports.
In addition, they did not inform air control of the fuel shortage until the last moment.
They did not comply with the flight plan, which should not have been approved by the airport authorities.
The final report of Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, released on April 27, 2018, highlights that the LaMia company "did not comply with the minimum quantity of fuel requirements demanded in international standards, since it did not take into account the fuel required for fly to an alternate airport, the contingency airport, the reserve airport, or the minimum landing fuel"
The aircraft was an Avro RJ85, registration CP-2933, which made its first flight on March 26, 1999.
After being in service with other airlines and going through a storage period between 2010 and 2013, it was acquired by LaMia.
The company had a fleet of three RJ85s, but at the time of the accident, the CP-2933 was the only aircraft of the company that could fly.
The United States cable TV network ESPN produced an hour long story about the crash for its E:60 news magazine TV show.
It focused on how one of the pilots was also a co-owner of the airline company and the effects on the survivors and on family members of the people killed in the accident.
The crash of LaMia Flight 2933 was covered in "Football Tragedy", a Season 19 (2019) episode of the internationally syndicated Canadian TV documentary series Air Crash Investigation.
The show premiered in the United States on the Smithsonian Channel's Air Disasters as "Soccer Tragedy" in November 2019.
This page is a list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft from 1919 to 1959.
July 21 - Wingfoot Air Express crash, a Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Type FD dirigible crashes in Chicago, Illinois after suffering an In-flight fire.
Killing 13.
August 2 – A Caproni Ca.48 crashes at Verona, Italy, during a flight from Venice to Taliedo, Milan, killing all on board (14, 15, or 17 people, according to different sources).
April 7 – In the first mid-air collision of airliners, a de Havilland DH.18A, G-EAWO, operated by Daimler Hire Ltd., collides with a Farman F.60 Goliath, F-GEAD, operated by Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens (CGEA), over the Thieulloy-St. Antoine road near Picardie, France, killing all seven people on both aircraft.
May 14 – An Air Union Farman F.60 Goliath crashes near Monsures, Somme, France, due to the structural failure of a wing, killing all 6 on board.
August 27 – An Air Union Farman F.60 Goliath crashes near East Malling, Kent, England, due to engine failure, and confusion among the passengers, killing one of 13 on board.
December 24 – An Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crashes near Purley, Surrey, England due to unknown mechanical defect, killing all 8 on board.
August 18 – An Air Union Blériot 155 crashes while attempting an emergency landing at College Farm, Hurst, Aldington, England, due to engine failure, killing 3 of 15 on board; the pilot initially survives, but dies a day later.
October 2 – An Air Union Blériot 155 catches fire in mid-air and crashes at Leigh, Kent, England, while the pilot attempts to make an emergency landing at Penshurst Airfield.
Both members of crew and all five passengers are killed.
This is the first in-flight fire occurring on an airliner.
August 22 – A KLM Fokker F. VIII crashes near Sevenoaks, Kent, England, due to structural failure of the tailfin, killing one of 11 on board.
July 13 – An Imperial Airways Vickers Vulcan crashes on a test flight from Croydon Airport, England, with a pilot and five passengers near Purley, Surrey,  from the airport, with the loss of four passengers.
As a result of the crash Imperial Airways stopped the flying of staff (so-called joy rides) on test flights.
June 17 – An Imperial Airways Handley Page W.10 ditches in the English Channel due to engine failure, killing 7 of 13 on board.
November 6 – A Junkers G 24 crashes near Marden Park, Godstone, Surrey, England; of the 8 on board, only 1 passenger survives.
February 10 – An Air Union Farman F.63 Goliath crashes while attempting an emergency landing at Marden Airfield, Marden, Kent, England, due to structural failure, killing 2 of 6 on board.
March 21 – Australian National Airways Southern Cloud, an Avro 618 Ten, crashes in the Snowy Mountains while flying from Sydney to Melbourne, killing all eight on board, in Australia's first significant airline disaster; the crash site remained undiscovered for 27 years; severe weather at the time of the flight is the likely cause of the accident.
March 31 – TWA Flight 599, a Fokker F.10 Trimotor, crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, United States, killing all eight aboard, including University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne.
March 28 – The 1933 Imperial Airways Dixmude crash in Belgium of an Armstrong Whitworth Argosy II is the first suspected case of air sabotage; all 15 on board are killed.
October 10 – The United Airlines crash near Chesterton: a Boeing 247 is destroyed by a bomb over Chesterton, Indiana, United States, in the first proven case of air sabotage on a commercial aircraft; all seven on board are killed.
December 30 – In the 1933 Imperial Airways Ruysselede crash in Belgium, an Avro Ten collides with a radio mast, killing all 10 on board.
May 9 – An Air France Wibault 282T crashes into the English Channel off Dungeness, Kent, killing all 6 on board.
July 27 – A Swissair Curtiss T-32 Condor II crashes near Tuttlingen, Germany, after a wing separated in a thunderstorm, killing all 12 passengers and crew on board.
October 2 – A Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide crashes into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, due to pilot error, killing all 7 on board.
October 7 – United Airlines Trip 4, a Boeing 247D, crashes near Silver Crown, Wyoming, United States, due to pilot error; all 12 on board die.
December 10 – A SABENA Savoia-Marchetti S.73 crashes crashes near Tatsfield, Surrey, England, due to pilot error, killing all 11 on board.
January 14 – American Airlines Flight 1, a Douglas DC-2, crashes into a swamp near Goodwin, Arkansas, killing all 17 passengers and crew on board; the cause is never determined.
April 7 – TWA Flight 1, a Douglas DC-2, crashes near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, United States, due to pilot error, killing 12 of the 14 passengers and crew aboard.
June 16 – In the Havørn Accident, a Norwegian Air Lines Junkers Ju 52 crashes into Lihesten mountain in Hyllestad, Norway, killing all seven on board.
August 5 – Chicago and Southern Flight 4, a Lockheed Model 10 Electra, crashes after takeoff due to pilot error, killing all eight on board.
December 9 – A KLM Douglas DC-2 crashes on takeoff from Croydon Airport, England; 15 of 17 on board die.
December 27 – United Airlines Trip 34, a Boeing 247, crashes at Rice Canyon (near Newhall, California, United States) due to pilot error, killing all 12 on board.
January 12 – Western Air Express Flight 7, a Boeing 247, crashes into a mountain near Newhall, California, United States.
Five of the 13 people aboard die, including famed adventurer, author and filmmaker, Martin Johnson.
February 19 – An Australian National Airways Stinson Model A suffers controlled flight into terrain in Queensland, killing 4 of the 7 people on board.
May 6 – The Zeppelin Hindenburg bursts into flames and crashes while attempting a landing at Naval Air Engineering Station, Lakehurst, New Jersey, United States; of the 97 people on board, 35 are killed; one person on the ground also dies.
November 16 – A Sabena Junkers Ju 52 crashes near Ostend, Belgium, killing all 11 on board, including the Grand Duke Georg Donatus and Grand Duchess Cecilie of Hesse.
January 10 – Northwest Airlines Flight 2, a Lockheed L14H Super Electra, crashes near Bozeman, Montana, United States, killing all ten on board; the machine with which the manufacturer measured component vibration is found to be inaccurate, causing the aircraft to be more prone to flutter than thought.
January 11 – Pan American World Airways Flight 1, a Sikorsky S-42 flying boat named the Samoan Clipper, explodes over Pago Pago, American Samoa; all 7 on board die.
March 1 – The 1938 Yosemite TWA crash: A Douglas DC-2 disappears on a flight from San Francisco to Winslow, Arizona, United States; the aircraft is found three months later on a mountain in Yosemite National Park; all 9 on board died.
July 28 – Pan American World Airways Flight 229, a Martin M-130 flying boat named the Hawaii Clipper, disappears in the Pacific Ocean westbound from Guam to Manila with 6 passengers and 9 crew.
October 25 – Kyeema, an Australian National Airways Douglas DC-2 crashes in heavy fog into Mount Dandenong in Victoria, Australia, killing all 18 people on board.
November 4 – In the 1938 Jersey Airport disaster, a Jersey Airways de Havilland DH.86 crashes on takeoff from Jersey Airport due to pilot error; all 13 passengers and crew die as well as one person on the ground.
January 13 – Northwest Airlines Flight 1, a Lockheed L14H Super Electra, crashes on descent to Miles City, Montana, United States, killing all four on board; the aircraft's cross-feed fuel valve leaked fuel into the cockpit and an intense fire broke out.
January 21 – Imperial Airways Short Empire flying boat Cavalier makes an emergency landing 285 mi southeast of New York in the North Atlantic due to loss of power and later sinks; 3 of 12 on board die.
August 13 – A Pan Am Sikorsky S-43 crashes into Guanabara Bay, Brazil, due to loss of control following engine failure, killing 12 of 14 on board.
June 14 – In the Kaleva shootdown, an Aero Junkers Ju 52 en route from Tallinn, Estonia to Helsinki, Finland, is shot down by two Soviet bombers over the Gulf of Finland during peacetime; all nine aboard die.
August 31 – In the Lovettsville air disaster, Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 19, a Douglas DC-3A, crashes at Lovettsville, Virginia, United States, killing all 25 on board.
November 8 – A Deutsche Luft Hansa Junkers Ju 90 crashes near Schönteichen, Saxony, Germany, after ice formed on the tail, killing all 29 passengers and crew on board.
February 26 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 21, a Douglas DC-3, crashes while descending to land at Atlanta, Georgia, United States, killing 8 of 16 aboard; World War I hero and Eastern Air Lines president Eddie Rickenbacker is among the survivors.
January 16 – TWA Flight 3, a Douglas DC-3 returning to California crashes into Potosi Mountain  southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; all 22 aboard die, including actress Carole Lombard and her mother.
January 30 – Qantas Short Empire G-AEUH is shot down by seven Japanese fighters and crashes  from East Timor; 13 of 18 on board die.
March 3 – KNILM Douglas DC-3 PK-AFV is shot down by three Japanese fighters and crashes  north of Broome, Western Australia, killing 4 of 12 on board.
October 23 – American Airlines Flight 28, a Douglas DC-3, crashes near Palm Springs, California, United States, after being struck by a U.S. Army Air Corps Lockheed B-34 bomber; all 12 aboard the airliner die, while the bomber lands safely with minor damage.
January 21 – Pan Am Flight 1104, a Martin M-130 nicknamed the Philippine Clipper, crashes into a mountain near Boonville, California, United States, killing all 19 passengers and crew, including Rear-Admiral Robert H. English, commander of the U.S. Pacific Submarine Fleet.
June 1 – BOAC Flight 777, a Douglas DC-3, is shot down by Luftwaffe fighter aircraft over the Bay of Biscay, killing 17 passengers and crew on board.
July 28 – American Airlines Flight 63 (Flagship Ohio), a Douglas DC-3, loses control due to severe turbulence and violent downdrafts and crashes near Trammel, Kentucky, United States, killing twenty out of twenty-two people on board.
October 15 – American Airlines Flight 63 (Flagship Missouri), a DC-3, crashes near Centerville, Tennessee, United States, killing all eight passengers and three crewmembers, after ice formed on its wings and propellers.
February 10 – American Airlines Flight 2, a Douglas DC-3, crashes into the Mississippi River between Arkansas and Tennessee, United States, for reasons unknown, killing all 24 occupants (21 passengers and 3 crew members).
June 20 – TWA Flight 277, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster, crashes into Fort Mountain, Maine, United States, in severe weather, killing all 7 passengers and crew on board.
January 8 – The China Clipper, a Pan Am Martin M-130 flying boat operating as Flight 161, crashes in Port of Spain, Trinidad, killing all 25 on board.
January 31 – The Stinson Tokana operated by Australian National Airways crashes, killing all 10 on board.
The accident was caused by a fatigue crack in a wing spar.
July 12 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 45, a Douglas DC-3A, collides with a Douglas A-26 Invader over Florence, South Carolina, United States.
One of the 24 on the DC-3 and 1 of the 2 on the A-26 die.
October 5 – National Airlines Flight 16, a Lockheed L-18 Lodestar, overshoots the runway at Lakeland, Florida, United States, killing 2 of 15 on board.
November 3 – The prototype Boeing 314, named the Honolulu Clipper, makes an emergency landing in the Pacific 650 miles east of Oahu due to double engine failure; the aircraft is intentionally sunk after salvage was deemed impractical; all 26 passengers on board survive.
January 6 – Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-3, crashes in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, killing three of the four crew members; the flight attendant and all 16 passengers survive.
March 10 – The 1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash near Hobart, Tasmania, kills all 25 on board.
July 11 – TWA Flight 513, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, crashes near Reading, Pennsylvania, United States, after a fire in the baggage compartment; of the six crew on board, only one survives.
August 7 – British European Airways Flight 530, a Douglas C-47, crashes into Mistberget mountain near Eidsvoll, Norway; killing three of five crew; all 10 passengers survived.
October 3 – An American Overseas Airlines Douglas C-54 crashes into mountainous terrain after takeoff from Stephenville, Newfoundland, killing all 39 passengers and crew on board.
November 14 – In the 1946 KLM Douglas DC-3 Amsterdam accident, a Douglas DC-3 crashes while attempting to land at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands; all 26 passengers and crew on board are killed.
December 28 – TWA Flight 6963, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, crashes near Shannon Airport due to an inaccurate altimeter caused by maintenance errors, killing nine of 23 on board.
January 11 – The 1947 BOAC Douglas C-47 crash: a BOAC Douglas C-47A crashes into Barley Hill near Stowting, Kent, United Kingdom, due to fuel starvation, killing 8 of 16 on board.
January 25 – In the 1947 Croydon Dakota accident, a Spencer Airways Douglas C-47A fails to get airborne at Croydon Airport, United Kingdom, and crashes into a parked ČSA aircraft; 12 of the 22 on board are killed.
January 26 – In the 1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen accident, a Douglas DC-3 crashes shortly after takeoff from Kastrup Airport in Denmark; all 22 passengers and crew on board are killed.
February 15 – An Avianca Douglas DC-4 crashes into Mount El Tabalazo due to pilot error, killing all 53 passengers and crew on board.
May 29 – United Airlines Flight 521, a Douglas DC-4, crashes on takeoff from LaGuardia Airport, New York, United States, due to pilot error; 42 of 48 on board die.
May 30 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 605, a Douglas DC-4, loses control and crashes near Bainbridge, Maryland, United States, killing all 53 passengers and crew on board in the deadliest airliner crash in United States history at the time.
June 13 – Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 410, a Douglas DC-4, crashes into Lookout Rock, in the West Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains of the United States en route from Pittsburgh to Washington DC; all 50 passengers and crew are killed.
June 19 - Pan Am Flight 121, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, crashes in the Syrian desert, en route from Karachi to Istanbul, killing 14 of the 36 on board.
August 2 – In the BSAA Star Dust accident, a British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian named Star Dust disappears over the Andes after transmitting an enigmatic coded message ("STENDEC"); the fate of the plane remained a mystery until the crash site was in 2000; four crew and nine passengers are killed.
August 28 – In the Kvitbjørn disaster, a Norwegian Air Lines Short Sandringham flying boat struck a mountain near Lødingsfjellet, Norway, killing all 35 on board.
October 24 – United Airlines Flight 608, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Bryce Canyon Airport, Utah, United States, when fire caused by a design flaw destroys the aircraft; all 52 on board die in the first hull loss of the DC-6.