the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Located at the intersection of 14th Street and 4th Avenue under Union Square in Manhattan.
It is served by the L, N, Q, R, W, 4, 5 and 6 trains.
Mars Needs Moms is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated science fiction adventure movie based on the Berkeley Breathed book of the same title.
Old Trafford is a suburb near Stretford.
It is in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.
It is  southwest of Manchester city centre.
Its limits are more or less the crossroads of two old toll gates:Brooks's Bar to the east and Trafford Bar tram stop to the west.
Old Trafford is where the Old Trafford football stadium is.
It is the home of Manchester United F.C.. It is also where Old Trafford Cricket Ground is.
This is the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club.
They are at opposite ends of Brian Statham Way (this used to be Warwick Road) and Sir Matt Busby Way (this used to be Warwick Road North).
The road between them still has the name Warwick Road.
The southern part on the other side of the Metrolink line is Warwick Road South.
The English football league system is a series of leagues that are connected for men's association football clubs in England.
Five teams also come from Wales, one team comes from Guernsey and one comes from Jersey.
It is also called the football pyramid.
The system has a hierarchical format.
It has promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels.
This means that in theory, even the smallest club can get to the top of the system.
In the system, there are more than 140 leagues, and more than 480 divisions.
The total number of clubs changes every year.
This is because clubs join and stop playing in leagues.
Sometimes it is also because a club stops existing or merges with another club.
An average of 15 clubs per division means that more than 7,000 teams of nearly 5,300 clubs are in a league in the English men's football league system.
There are no official definitions of any level below 11.
This means that the structure at level 12 and below is not definitive.
The pyramid for women's football in England is not the same.
It has nine levels.
Also, some English men's football clubs play outside the English football league system.
Aston Villa director William McGregor created the (English) Football League in 1888.
The biggest clubs were the ones who were in support of professionalism.
The twelve first clubs were six from Lancashire (Accrington, Blackburn Rovers, Burnley, Bolton Wanderers, Everton and Preston North End) and six from the Midlands (Aston Villa, Derby County, Notts County, Stoke, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers).
About the system
The system is a pyramid of leagues.
These are part of the same system through the idea of promotion and relegation.
The better clubs in each league go to a higher league.
The clubs that finish the season at the bottom of their league can go down to a lower league.
Promotion has two important factors.
The first factor is how well the club plays.
The second factor is that the club needs to meet criteria set by the higher league.
These criteria are often about having the right facilities and finances.
In theory, it is possible for a low level local amateur club to win promotions.
Within a few years they can get to the highest level of the English game and become champions of the Premier League.
In practice, this is not likely (at least not in a short period of time).
However, clubs move a lot within the pyramid.
The top five levels each have one division.
They are national leagues.
This means clubs in these leagues play in the whole country.
In level 6 and lower, the levels have more and more leagues at the same level.
The lower levels are in a smaller location.
Many leagues have more than one division.
At the lower levels the leagues do not always exist.
In some places where a lot of people live, there are leagues more than twenty levels below the Premier League.
There are also leagues in different parts of the country which are not officially part of the system.
This is because they do not have formal agreements with other leagues.
However some county football associations accept these leagues exist.
Clubs from these leagues can join a league in the system.
They usually need to have the right standard of play (they need to play football well enough) and have right facilities.
The seven levels just below the Premier League and English Football League are called the National League System.
The Football Association (FA) is the authority for these leagues.
The system has changed over many years.
The biggest change recently was when there were two new leagues at level six.
These were the Conference North and Conference South (now National League North and South).
This meant that the top divisions of the Southern League, Isthmian League and Northern Premier League went down to level seven.
In May 2014 The FA announced provisional plans for a new division between the English Football League and the National League.
This would include "B" teams (second teams) of higher-level clubs (for example, Manchester City F.C. B Team, or Liverpool F.C. B Team) .
However, they changed this idea later.
This meant that Premier League "B" teams could not play in the new division.
Soon after this, they gave up the idea.
The English football league system does not include the amateur version of the game often called Sunday league football.
These leagues are independent.
They do not have promotion or relegation.
They do not belong to the football pyramid.
However, some Sunday league clubs sometimes join pyramid leagues.
This is often if they want to play at a higher level.
There are also some Saturday leagues which are not officially part of the pyramid.
However, teams often leave these for pyramid leagues.
The FA accepted a non-promoting Saturday league (a league with no promotion or relegation) to the pyramid in May 2017.
This was the Lincolnshire League.
At the top is the single division of the Premier League (Level 1).
This is often called the "top-flight".
It has 20 clubs.
They were all located in England until the 2010–11 season.
However, two Welsh teams (Swansea City and Cardiff City) have since played in the league.
Below the Premier League is the English Football League (EFL).
This used to be the Football League.
It has three divisions of 24 clubs each: The Championship (Level 2), League One (Level 3) and League Two (Level 4).
The 20 clubs in the Premier League and the 72 clubs in the English Football League are all full-time (all the time) professional clubs.
The Premier League teams are still often called 'League' clubs.
This is because before 1992 the Football League, as it was called then, included all 92 clubs in four divisions.
In 1992, the Premier League started, and became separate.
Clubs outside this group of 92 teams are called 'non-League' clubs (i.e. non-EFL).
However, they also play their football in league competitions.
The top level of non-League football is the National League.
It has a national division (National League) of 24 clubs (Level 5).
It is the lowest level with a single league for the whole country.
This division is like the four above.
It is a full-time professional competition.
However, some promoted clubs keep their part-time status.
There are two divisions at Level 6.
They cover the north (National League North) and the south (National League South).
They have 22 clubs each.
Some of these clubs are full-time professional clubs.
The other clubs are semi-professional.
Below the National League, some of the stronger clubs are also semi-professional.
However, in the lower levels, soon all the clubs are amateur.
Lower-level leagues are also often for smaller regions.
This is because smaller clubs don't have as much money to travel far away.
Below the National League, there are three regional leagues.
Each is in a different area.
Sometimes the areas are similar.
They are the Northern Premier League (which covers the north of England), Southern Football League (which covers the Midlands, south and southwest of England, with one club from South Wales) and the Isthmian League (which includes clubs from the south-east of England as well as Guernsey from the Channel Islands).
All of the leagues have Premier Divisions of 22 teams (Level 7).
Below these, the Northern Premier League and Southern Football League each have two divisions of 20 teams (Level 8).
They are in different regions.
The Isthmian League has three level 8 divisions of 20 teams each as well.
Level 9 contains the top divisions of a large group of fourteen smaller than regional leagues.
Each of these leagues has a different setup.
They all have one thing in common: they all have leagues below them.
Each covers a smaller and smaller area.
Promotion and relegation rules for the top eight levels
Premier League (level 1, 20 teams):  The bottom three teams are relegated.
English Football League Championship (level 2, 24 teams): The top two automatically win promotion.
The next four play in the playoffs.
The winner gets the third promotion place.
The bottom three are relegated.
English Football League One (level 3, 23 teams): The top two automatically win promotion.
English Football League Two (level 4, 24 teams): The top three teams automatically win promotion.
The winner gets the fourth promotion place.
The bottom two are relegated.
National League (level 5, 24 teams): The champions win promotion.
The next six play in the playoffs.
The winner gets the second promotion place.
The bottom four are relegated to either the North or South division as appropriate.
National League North and National League South (level 6, 22 teams each.
24 teams from the 2020–21 season, running in parallel): The champions in each division automatically win promotion.
The next six teams in each division play in the playoffs.
The playoff winner in each division gets the second promotion spot.
The bottom two teams in each division are relegated to either the Northern Premier League, the Southern League or the Isthmian League as appropriate.
If, after promotion and relegation, the number of teams in the North and South divisions is not equal, one or more teams are transferred between the two divisions.
This makes it more even.
It it based on the location.
Northern Premier League Premier Division, Southern Football League Central Division, Southern Football League South Division and Isthmian League Premier Division (level 7, 22 teams each, running in parallel): The champions in each division automatically win promotion.
The next four teams in each division play in the playoffs.
Theh the playoff winners also win promotion.
The bottom two teams in each division and two 20th-placed teams with the lowest points per game ratio are relegated to a level 8 division.
If, after promotion and relegation, the number of teams in the divisions is not equal, one or more teams move between the four divisions to make the numbers even.
Northern Premier League Division One North, Northern Premier League Division One South, Southern Football League Division One East, Southern Football League Division One West, Isthmian League Division One North, Isthmian League Division One South Central and Isthmian League Division One South East (level 8, running in parallel, 20 teams in each division): The champions in each division automatically win promotion.
The playoff winners also win promotion.
The bottom team in each division plays a level 9 runner-up club in one-off matches.
The losing team from level 8 is relegated to a level 9 division.
Cup eligibility
FA Cup: Levels 1 to 10
EFL Cup: Levels 1 to 4
EFL Trophy: Levels 3 to 4
FA Trophy: Levels 5 to 8
FA Vase: Levels 9 to 11
FA Inter-League Cup: Level 11 (played by a team from each league)
In the case of the FA Cup and the FA Vase, some of the clubs in the lowest level in each do not play.
For example, in the 2017–18 FA Cup, there were 77 teams from Level 10 out of the 338 in total at that level.
Below Level 11 the pyramid becomes regional.
The cups become regional or local.
Lower down, the pyramid is based on counties.
Counties have their own cups.
This does not include some tournaments called "Senior Cups".
These are often competitions between teams representing top professional clubs in a district.
They may be little more than derbies, for example the Gloucestershire Cup.
This originally included all teams in Gloucestershire, but then became a Bristol derby.
For each division, there is its official name, sponsorship name (for levels 1–8, if it is different from its historic name) and number of clubs.
At levels 1–8, each division promotes to the division that is directly above it.
It relegates to the division that is directly below it.
Below that level, individual league articles talk about promotion and relegation details.
The Premier League runs level one in the pyramid.
It is the top division of English football.
It is also called the Premier League.
The winners are the champions of England.
The English Football League (EFL) runs levels two to four.
Together, these four divisions make up what is known as "league football".
The leagues below level four are classed as "non-League football".
This means they are outside the EFL.
The leagues at levels five to eleven include the National League System (NLS).
They come under the direct control of the Football Association.
The top-level (level 5) of the NLS is known as "step 1" by the FA, the next (level 6) as "step 2", and so on.
The system is only defined as far as level 10.
What follows is a representation of one possible structure, should the system be defined further.
League system (for a list of similar systems in other countries)
National League System (the system involving the 5th–11th tiers of English football, organised by the FA)
History of the English non-League football system
English women's football league system
Fans Focus – Non League Pyramid at Fans Focus
Football league systems
Kat and the Band is a 2019 British coming-of-age music movie directed by E.E. Hegarty from a screenplay by Jemma Field and Michael Müller.
The movie stars Ella Hunt, Dougie Poynter, Jennifer Leong, Callum McGowan, Idris Debrand, Sevan Stephan, Joanna David, Badly Drawn Boy, Jackson Bews, Katherine Kelly, and Rufus Hound.
It was released in the United Kingdom on July 13, 2020.
Ella Hunt as Kat Malone
Dougie Poynter as Alex
Jennifer Leong as Jane
Callum McGowan as Brian
Idris Debrand as Sid
Sevan Stephan as Faz
Joanna David as Gran
Badly Drawn Boy as himself
Jackson Bews as Marcus
Katherine Kelly as Liz Malone
Rufus Hound as Mr. Cato
Kat and the Band on IMDb
Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason is a 2004 British French German Irish American romantic comedy movie directed by Beeban Kidron and is based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Helen Fielding.
It stars Renée Zellweger, Colin Firth, Hugh Grant and is the sequel to the 2001 movie Bridget Jones's Diary.
The Lamborghini V8 is a 90 degree V8 petrol engine.
Lamborghini first made it in the 1970s for its cheaper cars.
It was the company's second internal combustion engine.
The Lamborghini Urraco first used it in 1971.
The Lamborghini Silhouette used the engine in 1976-1977.
The Lamborghini Jalpa also used it in 1982.
Gian Paolo Dallara first designed the engine.
Lamborghini engines
Larry Crowne is a 2011 American romantic comedy movie directed by Tom Hanks (who also stars) and stars Julia Roberts.
The Lamborghini V10 is a 90 degree V10 petrol engine.
It was first made by Lamborghini for the Lamborghini Gallardo in 2003.
It was the first engine made by them since they were bought by Audi.
Gallardo LP 550-2
Gallardo LP 550-2 Spyder
Gallardo LP 560-4
Gallardo LP 560-4 Spyder
Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera Edizione Technica
Gallardo LP 570-4 Spyder Performante Edizone Technica
Gallardo LP 570-4 Squadra Corse
Gallardo LP 550-2 Bicolore
Gallardo LP 550-2 Tricolore
Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo Stradale
Gallardo GT3-R
Gallardo LP 600 GT3
Huracán LP 610-4 Avio
Huracán LP 580-2
Huracán LP 580-2 Spyder
Huracán LP 610-4 Spyder
Huracán LP 610-4
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo
Huracán Super Trofeo Evo
Huracán LP 640-4 Performante
Huracán LP 640-4 Performante Spyder
Huracán LP 640-4 Evo
Asterion LPI 910-4
R8 V10
S8 D3
S6 C6
RS 6 C6
Marquette County is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan.
The county seat is Marquette.
As of the 2010 census, there were 67,077 people living here.
Marquette County, Wisconsin
Menominee County is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 24,029 people live here.
Menominee County, Wisconsin
The Lamborghini V12 is a 60 degree V12 petrol engine that was made by Lamborghini between 1963 and 2011.
the first version of this engine was the first internal combustion engine made by the company.
It was first used in the Lamborghini 350GT.
Macon County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
As of the 2010 census, 33,922 people live here.
Ferruccio Lamborghini  (; 28 April 1916 – 20 February 1993) was an Italian industrialist.
In 1963, he started Lamborghini, a maker of sports cars.
Lamborghini died at the Silvestrini Hospital in Perugia after having a heart attack fifteen days before.
Ferruccio Lamborghini was born on April 28, 1916, to viticulturists Antonio and Evelina Lamborghini in house number 22 in Renazzo di Cento, in the Province of Ferrara, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.
According to his baptismal certificate, Ferruccio was baptised as a Roman Catholic four days later, on 2 May.
As a young man, Lamborghini was drawn more to farming machinery rather than the farming lifestyle itself.
Following his interest in mechanics, Lamborghini studied at the Fratelli Taddia technical institute near Bologna.
In 1940 he was drafted into the Italian Royal Air Force, where he served as a mechanic at the Italian garrison on the island of Rhodes (territory of the Kingdom of Italy since 1911, after the Italo-Turkish War), becoming the supervisor of the vehicle maintenance unit.
Lamborghini was taken prisoner when the island fell to the British at the end of the war in 1945, and was not able to return home until the next year.
He married, but his wife died in 1947 while giving birth to his first child, a boy named Tonino.
After World War II, Lamborghini opened a garage in Pieve di Cento.
Lamborghini modified an old Fiat Topolino he had purchased (the first of many that he would own over the years) in his spare time.
He made use of his mechanical abilities to transform the homely city car into a roaring 750-cc open-top two-seater and entered the car in the 1948 Mille Miglia.
His participation ended after 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) when he ran the car into the side of a restaurant in the town of Fiano, in Turin.
Beginnings of entrepreneurship
In 1947 Ferruccio Lamborghini recognized an emerging market in post-War Italy devoted to agricultural and industrial revitalization.
Using parts from military vehicle engines and differentials from ARAR centres (Azienda Recupero Alienazione Residuati), Lamborghini built the first of his "Carioca" tractors, themselves based on the six-cylinder petrol engines of Morris trucks.
As petrol in Italy was prohibitively-priced, Lamborghini augmented the Morris engines with a fuel atomiser of his own creation, which allowed the tractors to be started with petrol, then switch to the cheaper diesel fuel.
Based on the initial success of the Carioca, Lamborghini founded Lamborghini Trattori and began manufacturing tractors.
Involvement with boats
The Iconic Riva Aquarama Lamborghini (Hull #278) was registered and delivered on 7 June 1968 to its famous owner Ferruccio Lamborghini.
The boat had some specific and unique features.
It was the first and only one fitted with two Lamborghini engines and it had special side railing for holding on to during waterskiing and record attempts.
The engine compartment was modified to fit the engines and a special open exhaust was built just to meet Ferruccio's demands.
Involvement with automobiles
Lamborghini's increasing wealth allowed him to purchase faster more expensive cars than the tiny Fiats he had tinkered with during his youth.
He owned cars such as Alfa Romeos and Lancias during the early 1950s and at one point he had enough cars to use a different one every day of the week, adding a Mercedes-Benz 300SL, a Jaguar E-Type coupé, and two Maserati 3500 GTs.
Of the latter, Lamborghini said, "Adolfo Orsi, then the owner of Maserati, was a man I had a lot of respect for: he had started life as a poor boy, like myself.
They felt heavy and did not really go very fast."
In 1958, Lamborghini traveled to Maranello to buy a Ferrari 250 GT: a two-seat coupé with a body designed by coachbuilder Pininfarina.
He went on to own several more over the years, including a Scaglietti-designed 250 GT SWB Berlinetta and a 250 GT 2+2 four-seater.
Lamborghini thought Ferrari's cars were good, but too noisy and rough to be proper road cars.
He categorized them as repurposed track cars with poorly built interiors.
Lamborghini found that Ferrari's cars were equipped with inferior clutches, and required continuous trips to Maranello for rebuilds; technicians would secret the car away for several hours to perform the work, much to Lamborghini's annoyance.
He had previously expressed dissatisfaction with Ferrari's after sales service, which he perceived to be substandard.
Lamborghini brought his misgivings to Enzo Ferrari's attention, but was dismissed by the notoriously pride-filled Modenan.
After successfully modifying one of his personally-owned Ferrari 250 GTs to outperform stock models, Lamborghini gained the impetus to pursue an automobile manufacturing venture of his own, aiming to create the perfect touring car that he felt no one could build for him.
Lamborghini believed that a grand tourer should have attributes that were lacking in Ferrari's offerings, namely high performance without compromising tractability, ride quality, and interior appointments.
A clever businessman, Lamborghini also knew that he could make triple the profit if the components used in his tractors were installed in a high-performance exotic car instead.
Automobili Lamborghini
Departure from Macchina Lamborghini
During the 1970s, Ferruccio Lamborghini's companies began to run into financial difficulties.
In 1971, Lamborghini Trattori, which exported around half of its production of tractors, ran into trouble when its South African importer cancelled all its orders.
In Bolivia, the new military government, which had recently staged a successful coup d'état, cancelled a large order of tractors that was being prepared for shipment in Genoa.
In 1972, Lamborghini sold his entire holding in the company to rival tractor builder SAME.Soon, the entire Lamborghini group found itself in financial trouble.
Development at the automaker slowed as costs were cut.
Ferruccio Lamborghini began courting buyers for Automobili and Trattori, entering negotiations with Georges-Henri Rossetti, a wealthy Swiss businessman and friend.
Ferruccio sold Rossetti 51% of the company for US$600,000, thereby relinquishing control of the automaker he had founded.
He continued to work at the Sant'Agata factory; Rossetti rarely involved himself in Automobili's affairs.
The situation did not improve: the 1973 oil crisis plagued sales of high performance cars of manufacturers from around the world.
Consumers flocked to smaller, more practical modes of transportation with better fuel economy.
By 1974, Ferruccio had become disenchanted with his car business.
He severed all connections with the cars that bore his name, selling his remaining 49% stake in the automaker.
The shares were acquired by René Leimer, a friend of Georges-Henri Rossetti.
After departing the automobile manufacturing business, Lamborghini continued his business activities in other areas, including his heating and air conditioning company, Lamborghini Calor.
In 1969, he founded Lamborghini Oleodinamica S.p.
A., a manufacturer of hydraulic valves and equipment.
In 1974, Lamborghini exited the industrial world and retired to a 3 km2 (740 acres) estate named "La Fiorita" on the shores of Lake Trasimeno, in Castiglione del Lago, a town in the Umbria region of central Italy.
Returning to his farming roots, Lamborghini delighted in hunting and producing his own wines.
Lamborghini even designed his own golf course, all while continuing to manage several business interests.
At 76 years of age, on February 20, 1993, Lamborghini died at Silvestrini Hospital in Perugia after suffering a heart attack fifteen days earlier.
Lamborghini is buried at the cemetery of Renazzo.
Lamborghini's fascination with bullfighting
The world of bullfighting is a key part of Lamborghini's identity.
In 1962, Ferruccio Lamborghini visited the Seville ranch of Don Eduardo Miura, a renowned breeder of Spanish fighting bulls.
Lamborghini, a Taurus himself, was so impressed by the majestic Miura animals that he decided to adopt a raging bull as the emblem for the auto company he would soon found.
After producing two cars with alphanumeric designations, Lamborghini once again turned to the bull breeder for inspiration.
Don Eduardo was filled with pride when he learned that Ferruccio had named a car for his family and their line of bulls; the fourth Miura to be produced was unveiled to him at his ranch in Seville.
The car manufacturer would continue to draw upon the bullfighting connection in future years.
The Islero was named for the Miura bull that killed the famed bullfighter Manolete in 1947.
Espada is the Spanish word for sword, sometimes used to refer to the bullfighter himself.
The Jarama's name carried a special double meaning; intended to refer only to the historic bullfighting region in Spain, Ferruccio was concerned about confusion with the also historic Jarama motor racing track.
After naming the Urraco after a bull breed, in 1974, Lamborghini broke from tradition, naming the Countach not for a bull, but for contacc, a Piedmontese exclamation of astonishment.
Legend has it that stylist Nuccio Bertone uttered the word in surprise when he first laid eyes on the Countach prototype, "Project 112".
The LM002 sport utility vehicle and the Silhouette were other exceptions to the tradition.
The Jalpa of 1982 was named after a bull breed; Diablo, after the Duke of Veragua's ferocious bull famous for fighting an epic battle against "El Chicorro" in Madrid in 1869; Murciélago, the legendary bull who survived 28 sword strokes and whose life was spared by "El Lagartijo" for his performance in 1879; Gallardo, named after one of the five ancestral castes of the Spanish fighting bull breed; and Reventón, the bull that defeated young Mexican torero Félix Guzmán in 1943.
The Estoque concept of 2008 was named after the estoc, the sword traditionally used by matadors during bullfights, while the replacement for the Murcielago, the Aventador (unveiled in 2011) was named after a bull that was bred by the sons of Don Celestino Cuadri Vides.
This bull was killed in a particularly gruesome fight, where after the bull was killed, its left ear was cut off and given to the Matador as a token of good luck.
All of Ferruccio Lamborghini's companies continue to operate today in one form or another.
His son, Tonino, designs a collection of clothing and accessories under the Tonino Lamborghini brand, as well as designing the Town Life, an electric microcar which was revealed at the Bologna Motor Show in 1999.
Ferruccio's daughter, Patrizia Lamborghini, runs the Lamborghini winery on his Umbria estate.
In 1995 Ferruccio's son Tonino opened a museum that honors Lamborghini's legacy, the Centro Studi e Ricerche Ferruccio Lamborghini in Dosso (Ferrara), which was moved to Argelato (Bologna) in 2014 with the new name Ferruccio Lamborghini Museum
Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
In 2010, 20,764 people lived there.
Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo (Region 9) is a region of Esequiban Guyana, a territory in dispute by Guyana and Venezuela.
The regional capital is Lethem.
The region is in the southwest of the country.
It has an area of 57,750 km².
As of the 2012 census, 24,212 people lived there.
It borders the region of Potaro-Siparuni to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east and Brazil to the south and west.
The Walther P38 is a 9x19 mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistol made by Walther.
It replaced the Luger as the standard pistol of the Germany in World War II, although the Luger was still very widely used then.
It is safer, more reliable, and cheaper than the Luger.
Its magazines hold 8 9mm bullets.
Upper Demerara-Berbice (Region 10) is a region in the center of Guyana.
The regional capital is Linden, which is the second largest city in Guyana.
The region has an area of 17,040 km².
As of the 2012 census, 39,452 people lived there.
It borders the regions of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Demerara-Mahaica and Mahaica-Berbice to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, and the regions of Potaro-Siparuni and Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the west.
The chancellor of Germany is the political leader of Germany.
They choose all other members of the government and lead cabinet meetings.
The office first started in the North German Confederation in 1867.
Otto von Bismarck became the first chancellor.
The unification of Germany and start of the German Empire in 1871 meant that the Confederation changed into a German country.
Its leader was called chancellor of Germany.
At first, the chancellor was only an advisor to the emperor.
The emperor chose the chancellor.
Later this changed.
Under the 1919 Weimar Constitution, the elected President chose the chancellor.
In Nazi Germany, politicians ignored the constitution.
The chancellor became a dictator under Adolf Hitler.
During Allied occupation, there was no chancellor in East or West Germany.
This changed after the 1949 Basic Law.
This made the chancellor the most important job in the government.
The president became less important.
North German Confederation,  (1867–1871)
The North German Confederation started after the German Confederation ended.
This happened because Prussia won the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
The Prussian king chose the Chancellor.
German Empire,  (1871–1918)
The German Empire started from the North German Federation because of the Franco-Prussian War.
The new Emperor named the chancellor to advise him.
Revolutionary period, Reichskanzler (1918–1919)
On 9 November 1918, chancellor Max von Baden gave his office to Friedrich Ebert.
Ebert continued to be the head of government during the three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the start of the National Assembly in February 1919.
He was Chairman of the Council of the People's Deputies together with USPD Leader Hugo Haase.
Weimar Republic,  (1919–1933)
The Weimar Constitution of 1919 started the Weimar Republic.
The chancellors often needed support from the President.
Nazi Germany,  (1933–1945)
Adolf Hitler's  (taking power) was the end of the Weimar Republic.
It was the beginning of Nazi Germany.
Hitler was dictator and had all the power.
Federal Republic of Germany,  (from 1949)
In 1949, two separate German countries started: the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
The list below gives the chancellors of West Germany.
The Chairman of the Council of Ministers controlled the government of East Germany.
In 1990, East Germany ended.
It merged with West Germany.
It kept the name "Federal Republic of Germany".
Since 1949
Clarion County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,988.
Its county seat is Clarion.
Clearfield County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 81,642.
Its county seat is Clearfield.
Rim El Benna (, born on  May 30 1981) is a Tunisian actress and model.
She was elected Miss Tunisia for the year 2005.
Rim was on the cover of the Tunivisions people magazine in June 2012.
Rim participated in several films, series and short films and obtained the Prize for female interpretation at Euroarab Film festival for the film "Les secrets" by Raja Amari.
In 2010, she played the role of a girl paralyzed in the television series "Ayam Maliha".
On September 21 2019, she participated in the 5th edition of The Voice Arab with many North African and Arab artists, journalists, and influencers such as Darine Haddad, Fatma Nasser, and Leila Ben Khalifa.
The launch was preceded by two successive conferences where a large team of MBC5 explained the concept and content of this new Arabic channel in the Maghreb colors.
The Glock 18 is a selective-fire (which means it can fire either semi-automatic or full automatic mode), polymer-framed 9x19mm Parabellum pistol.
It is based on the Glock 17, but unlike the Glock 17, it can fire in full automatic mode.
It normally holds 33-round box magazines and it fires 1,200 rounds per minute.
In other words, the gun fires so quickly that it is impossible to fire single shots when in full automatic mode.
While it is light enough to fire with one hand, it is not a good idea because its fast rate of fire makes the gun kick back a lot.
23rd Street is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway.
Located at the intersection of 23rd Street and Park Avenue South in Gramercy Park and Flatiron District, Manhattan.
It is served by the 6 train.
Soperton is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.
It is the county seat of Treutlen County.
Greensboro is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Clinton County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,238.
Samy Sana (born December 10, 1988) is an Algerian-French Muay Thai kickboxer who currently competes in ONE Championship.
He is WBC super-middleweight world champion, ISKA World champion (K1) of 72.5 kg, A1 world champion of 70 kg and multiple French champion of 71 kg.
As of 4 October 2019, Samy Sana is ranked the #8 lightweight in the world by Combat Press.
Samy Sana at ONE Championship
Samy Sana at Tapology.com
Samy Sana  at MuayThaiTV.com
Gina Gabrielle Starr is the 10th and current president of Pomona College in Claremont, California.
She is the first woman and first African-American to have the role.
The Milne big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes persimilis)  is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.
Scientists saw it on Mount Dayman and Mount Simpson between 1370 and 1400 meters above sea level.
This frog is 3.7 to 5.0 cm long.
When alive, this frog is light brown with green or brown patches or olive gray with dark brown patches.
Preserved, dead frogs are dark purple-gray, but the preservative may have made it darker than a living frog.
This frog has teeth in its upper jaw.
The Navajo Times is a non-daily newspaper.
It is written in English.
It is written for the Navajo people, a group of Native Americans who live in the southwestern United States.
Its mission is to tell Navajo people about events that affect their lives, both in Navajo territory and in the rest of the United States.
Its main offices are in Window Rock, Arizona, but it also has another office in Shiprock, New Mexico.
The newspaper is owned by the Navajo Times Publishing Company, Inc., a for-profit corporation.
NTPC Inc. belongs to the Navajo people, and the Tribal Council are its caretakers.
Tommy Arviso Jr. is President and CEO of NTPC.
According to Arviso, the paper earns enough money from selling newspapers and from advertising to pay for its own costs and a little profit.
In 2015, Arviso said one of the paper's goals was to become a completely privately owned company with individual Navajo people owning shares.
According to Arviso, the Navajo Times does not print "sensational" stories: "We do not prey on the hurt, sadness, pain and sorrow of other humans to increase paper sales."
The Navajo Times started as a newsletter in 1959.
The Navajo Tribal Council began it.
They wanted to be able to talk to people living on Navajo land and people living in other places, for example Navajo students away at school.
It became a newspaper the following year, in 1960.
At first, it was a monthly newsletter, then weekly.
In the early 1960s, the paper covered infrastructure-related stories like health care, education, and economic development.
As of 2020, the first few years of the paper are archived in the Arizona Memory Project.
According to Tom Arviso, who became editor of the paper in 1988, there were problems with censorship.
Because the paper was run by the government of the Navajo nation, the Navajo leaders believed they should be allowed to say what the paper could and could not print.
In 2003, Arviso convinced the Tribal Council to make the paper more independent.
They voted 66 to 1 to create the Navajo Times Publishing Company so the paper would be more independent.
In 2012, the Navajo Times staff won 13 awards from the Arizona Press Club.
In 2015 Navajo Times staff won 24 Native Media Awards from the Native American Journalists Association, including awards for photography, sports and writing.
They also won Best Layout.
The paper changed its layout in 2015.
In 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, the Navajo Times won Newspaper of the Year from the Arizona Newspapers Association in the category for non-daily newspapers.
It also won awards for its website and advertising.
A liberal arts college is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences.
These colleges try to teach broad general knowledge, different from colleges that focus on job skills.
Students in a liberal arts college often major in one subject but take classes in many subjects, including both humanities and sciences.
The idea of liberal arts began in Europe, but liberal arts colleges are mostly found in the United States.
In 2019, the top ten liberal arts colleges in the United States, according to U.S. News & World Report, were Amherst College, Bowdoin College, Carleton College, Claremont McKenna College, Davidson College, Middlebury College, Pomona College, Swarthmore College, Wellesley College, and Williams College.
Many liberal arts colleges teach only undergraduate students, but some also offer graduate programs that lead to a master's degree or doctoral degree.
The term "liberal arts college" most often describes an independent college, but it may also sometimes describe a college within a larger university.
Most liberal arts colleges outside the United States are like this.
Colleges and universities by type
Final Space started on February 26, 2018 for TBS.
The President of Czechoslovakia (, ) was the head of state of  Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic in 1992.
General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)
Except for the final office-holder, they each held a strong executive power in the country de facto.
Edward Gale Stevens Jr. (August 15, 1941 – July 10, 2020), better known as Eddie Gale, was an American trumpeter.
He was known for his work in free jazz, especially with the Sun Ra Arkestra.
Gale was born in New York City.
During the 1960s and 1970s, he toured and recorded with Sun Ra, who influenced him greatly until Ra's death in 1993.
After a yearlong stint as artist in residence at Stanford University, Gale moved to San Jose, California in 1972.
Camilio Lorenzo Iglesias (7 August 1940 – 13 July 2020) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop.
He was born in Province of Ourense, Spain.
He was ordained to the priesthood in 1966.
He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Astorga, Spain, from 1995 until 2015.
28th Street is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway.
Located at the intersection of 28th Street and Park Avenue South in Rose Hill, Manhattan.
33rd Street is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway.
Located at the intersection of 33rd Street and Park Avenue in Murray Hill, Manhattan.
After this station, the next stations will be Grand Central 42nd Street and 28th Street.
23rd Street is a station on the BMT Broadway Line of the New York City Subway.
Located at the intersection of 23rd Street, Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Flatiron District, Manhattan.
It is served by the R and W trains.
28th Street is a station on the BMT Broadway Line of the New York City Subway.
Located at the intersection of 28th Street and Broadway in Manhattan.
Ronald G. Johnson (September 21, 1943 – July 14, 2020) was an American politician.
He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from the 33rd District from 1978 until his death.
Daniel Lewis Lee (January 31, 1973July 14, 2020) was an American white supremacist and convicted murderer.
He was sentenced to death and executed for the murders of William F. Mueller, Nancy A. Mueller, and their daughter Sarah E. Powell.
Lee and Chevie Kehoe, murdered the family at their home in Arkansas, on January 11, 1996.
Lee was scheduled to be executed on July 13, 2020, but on that date, a U.S. district judge blocked the execution, saying that there was some unresolved legal issues.
On July 14, the Supreme Court ruled that the execution can happen.
It was scheduled for 4:00 am that same day.
After another short delay, he was executed at 8:07 am.
He was the first person executed by the US federal government since 2003.
Gavril Dejeu (; born 11 September 1932) is a Romanian politician.
He was Minister of Interior in Victor Ciorbea's cabinet.
He was also ad interim Prime Minister of Romania from 30 March to 17 April 1998.
He was born in Poieni, Cluj County.
Dejeu joined the Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party (Romania) (PNŢCD) in 1990, after the Romanian Revolution.
He was in the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 to 2000.
Milan Šašik (17 September 1952 – 14 July 2020) was a Slovak-born Ukrainian Ruthenian Catholic hierarch.
He was the Bishop of the Eparchy of Mukacheve from 2002 until his death.
He was born in Lehota, Czechoslovakia.
Shajahan Siraj (1 March 1943 – 14  July 2020) was a Bangladeshi politician.
He was the vice chairman of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
He was the member of parliament for the Tangail-4 unit from 1986 to 1991.
He was arrested in 2007 for tax evasion.
Wang Jiafan (; September 22, 1938 – July 7, 2020) was a Chinese historian.
He works focused on economic and social history of China and Jiangnan regional history.
He was a professor and doctoral supervisor at East China Normal University.
Wang was born in Jinxi, Kunshan, Jiangsu.
In 1957 he was accepted to East China Normal University, where he majored in history.
After graduation, he taught at the university.
He was promoted to associate professor in 1986 and to full professor in 1992.
Katie G. Dorsett (July 8, 1932 – July 6, 2020) was a Democratic American politician.
She was a member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's twenty-eighth Senate district from 2003 to 2010.
She was the Majority Whip in the Senate.
Dorsett was born in Shaw, Mississippi.
Shaw is a city in Bolivar and Sunflower counties, Mississippi, United States.
It was named after an old Indian tribe northeast of this region.
The population was 1,952 at the 2010 census.
Rosedale is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States.
The population was 1,873 at the 2010 census.
Sylvester Graham (July 5, 1794 – September 11, 1851) was an American Presbyterian minister and dietary reformer.
He is known for his focus on vegetarianism, the temperance movement and eating whole grain bread.
His preaching led to the creation of graham flour, graham bread and graham cracker products.
Graham was born in Suffield, Connecticut.
He had Native American roots.
He died in Northampton, Massachusetts, at the age of 57.
The Armsel Striker is a South African semi-automatic shotgun with a revolving cylinder somewhat like that of a revolver.
It was made for both combat and riot control.
The revolving cylinder allows the shooter to easily and quickly switch between lethal ammunition (ammunition made to kill living beings) and non-lethal ammunition (ammunition made to stop living beings without killing them).
The cylinder can hold up to 12 shotgun shells.
Suffield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.
As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 15,735.
Scripps College is a private liberal arts women's college  in Claremont, California.
It is a member of the Claremont Colleges and is known for its extensive interdisciplinary core curriculum and historic campus.
Scripps is a four-year college for undergraduates; as of , it has  students.
Its courses focus on the humanities.
The college is a top producer of Fulbright students.
Sir Toke Tufukia Talagi  (9 January 1951 – 15 July 2020) was a Niuean politician, diplomat and statesman.
He served as Premier of Niue from 2008 to 2020.
Talagi was born in Alofi.
Women's colleges in higher education are colleges whose students are all or almost all women.
They are often undergraduate, bachelor's degree-granting liberal arts colleges.
Coraline Ada Ehmke is a software developer, and some say that she is an open source advocate  in Chicago, Illinois.
She is a web developer, engineer, consultant, educationist, advertiser, healthcare specialist, and software development infrastructure specialist.
She is known for her work in Ruby.
She is also known for her social justice work and activism, the creation of Contributor Covenant, and promoting adoption of codes of conduct for open source projects.
Ehmke began software  writing  using the Perl programming language.
The Premier of Niue is Niue's head of government.
They are elected by the Niue Assembly.
They help form a Cabinet made up of themselves and three other members of the Assembly.
Dalton Tagelagi (born 5 June 1968) is a Niuean politician.
He became the Premier of Niue in June 2020.
He was elected premier by the Niue Assembly on 11 June 2020, defeating O'Love Jacobsen by 13 votes to 7.
He replaced Sir Toke Talagi.
Mititaiagimene Young Vivian (born 12 November 1935) is a Niuean politician.
He was the premier of Niue twice.
He lost his re-election to Toke Talagi in 2008.
Sir Robert Richmond Rex  (25 January 190912 December 1992) was the first Premier of the Pacific island state of Niue.
Frank Fakaotimanava Lui,  (19 November 1935 – 9 July 2021) was a Niuean politician.
He was the  Premier of the Pacific Island state of Niue from 12 March 1993 through 26 March 1999.
Lui was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours.
Lui died on 9 July 2021 in Alofi at the age of 85.
Sani Elia Lagigietama Lakatani (born 1936) is a Niuean politician.
He was the Premier of Niue from 26 March 1999 through 1 May 2002.
He was in the New Zealand Army as a corporal.
In October 1995 Lakatani was charged with 22 counts of bribery and two of official corruption.
Most of the charges were dismissed after the Niue Court of Appeal found that the law against corruption did not apply to Members of the Assembly.
The remaining charges were later dropped.
The Niue Assembly is the legislature of Niue.
It is made up of 20 members; 14 representatives of the villages and 6 elected on a common roll.
Members are directly elected by universal suffrage, and serve a three-year term.
Noël Martin (1959 – July 14, 2020) was a Jamaican-born British man.
He was the victim of a neo-Nazi attack in 1996.
He lived in Birmingham, England.
At the time he was attacked he was one of the many British and Irish construction workers working in Germany.
On 16 June 1996 in Brandenburg, in the former East Germany, he was attacked because of his dark skin by neo-Nazis.
A block of concrete was thrown through the windshield of his car and Martin's car struck a tree.
Martin became a quadriplegic as a result of the attack, and required 24-hour care.
He was a supporter of assisted suicide.
He traveled to Berlin, as a result so that he can be euthanized.
His first announcement, in 2006, set 23 June 2007 as the date of his suicide.
However, his assisted suicide has been delayed many times afterwards.
María Lugones (January 26, 1944 – July 14, 2020) was an Argentine feminist philosopher and activist.
She was a Professor of Comparative Literature and of women's studies at Binghamton University in New York State.
She was known for her theory on decolonial feminism and for developing the concept of the "coloniality of gender".
She also wrote Pilgrimage/Peregrinajes: Theorizing Coalition Against Multiple Oppressions (2003).
Jindřich Kabát (24 April 1953 – 14 July 2020) was a Czech psychologist, professor and politician.
He held the office of Czech Minister of Culture from 1992 to 1994.
He was also the first Minister of Culture of the Czech Republic.