the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
It also houses Tallaght Youth Service, Tallaght's first newspaper printing house the Tallaght Echo, and (formally) Tallaght Community Arts Centre.
The area's Institute of Technology, Saint Mary's Priory, and Saint Maelruain's Church are located in the historic quarter of Tallaght village.
The newer "town centre" lies immediately to the south across the Belgard Road, encompassing Belgard Square, the main shopping complex (known as The Square Tallaght), the Luas Red Line terminus, Tallaght Hospital (including the National Children's Hospital), County Hall, the Civic Theatre, South Dublin County Library, Rua Red Arts Centre, the Cookstown Area near Maplewood and Springfield, and several bars, restaurants and hotels.
To the northeast of the village lies the Tymon North / Balrothery area, which comprised rural townlands until the 1970s.
This district includes estates such as Bancroft, Balrothery, Glenview, Castle Park, Saint Aongus, Tymon, Bolbrook and Avonbeg.
These parts are home to several sporting facilities, including the National Basketball Arena, a fitness centre, two swimming pools, an athletics track, and an astroturf football facility.
Tymon Park is watered by the River Poddle and is Ireland's second-largest city park.
It borders Greenhills and Templeogue, and it contains extensive sporting grounds, ponds, Coláiste De Hide and one of Ireland's largest playgrounds at the Tymon North entrance.
Old Bawn is immediately south of the village, bordered by Sean Walsh Memorial (also locally called Watergate) Park.
To the east of Old Bawn, estates include Home Lawns, Mountain Park, Millbrook Lawns and Seskin View.
To the south and southwest of the village lie Kiltipper, Aylesbury, and Killinarden (the latter comprising the residential areas of Deerpark, Cushlawn and Elder Heath).
Beyond these are rural lands, running towards the Dublin Mountains.
In the northwest is Belgard Green, with Belgard Heights and Kingswood (built 1974) to the north, Kingswood is also sometimes considered as Clondalkin as it half holds a Dublin 22 postcode.
Half of Kingswood is served by Clondalkin Garda Station.
Kingswood and Belgard Heights are adjacent to Clondalkin, while Kilnamanagh is situated beside Greenhills and south-west of Walkinstown and Crumlin.
Tallaght Theatre is situated along Greenhills Road.
In the near north located is Fettercairn, thought by some to be in Jobstown, but not.
Fettercairn is its own district of Tallaght.
The Fettercairn Community Centre is there and the Belgard Quarry is nearby, Fettercairn lays out onto the new Katharine Tynan Road, named after the poet Katharine Tynan, it was finished in 2012.
West of Central Tallaght is Springfield, which contains estates such as Maplewood, Alderwood, Virginia Heights, and part of Cookstown through the Maplewood Road.
It also has a shopping centre, Fortunestown Shopping Centre, with Jordan's SuperValu and the Credit Union.
More west of the town centre is the former village of Jobstown, now a town with dense housing estates, and also some housing estates like Kiltalown, Brookfield, Bawnlea and Kilclare.
Transport and population
As of the 2016 census, Tallaght's population is understood to stand at 76,119.
There is a LUAS light rail tram service next to The Square Shopping Centre and many Dublin Bus routes (27, 49, 54a, 56a, 65, 65b, 77a)
Go-Ahead Ireland also operates in Tallaght with Routes 75, 75a, 76, 76a and 175 going through the area.
Mornay sauce is a variation of Béchamel sauce.
To make Mornay sauce, butter is added to the Béchamel sauce.
Grated cheese, usually Parmesan cheese or Emmental, is also added.
Egg yolk is often added as well.
Gilze en Rijen is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 26,431 people lived there.
Grave is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 12,500 people lived there.
Grave has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
Haaren is a village and former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 14,195 people lived there.
Since 2021, it is part of four municipalities: Boxtel, Oisterwijk, Tilburg, and Vught.
The village of Haaren itself is part of the municipality of Oisterwijk.
Hilvarenbeek is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 15,334 people lived there.
This is a list of administrators and governors of Oyo State, Nigeria.
Oyo State was formed on 1976-02-03 when Western State splits into Ogun, Ondo, and Oyo states.
Litoria biakensis is a frog from an island near Indonesia.
It lives on Biak Island.
The adult frog is 2.7 to 3.3 cm long.
It is dark green or brown on the back with yellow stripes.
The male frogs have orange throats.
Scientists saw this frog in swamps that had many plants that were hard to walk through but no large trees.
Mabel Ping-Hua Lee (1896 –1966) was a Chinese-American woman.
She worked hard for women to get the right to vote in the United States.
She was a member of the Women's Political Equality League, She worked as the minister of the Chinese Baptist Mission".
Lee was the head of the First Chinese Baptist Church in New York's Chinatown for more than 40 years.
Lee was born in China and lived in New York for most of her life.
She studied at Barnard College and Columbia University.
Lee earned a PhD in Economics from Columbia University in 1921, becoming the first Chinese woman in the United States to earn a PhD in Economics.
"Chinese Girl Wants Vote" - New York Tribune, April 13 1912
"The Economic History of China: With Special Reference to Agriculture" at Google Books
Archival Photographs by Mabel Lee
"Asian American Legacy: Dr. Mabel Lee" by Timothy Tseng
Max Osceola Jr. (August 13, 1950 – October 8, 2020) was a leader of the Native American Seminole Tribe of Florida.
Osceola was an elected representative on the Seminole Tribal Council from 1985 through 2010.
The South Florida Sun-Sentinel called Mr. Osceola “one of the tribe’s longest-serving and most powerful politicians.”
He died on October 8, 2020 of COVID-19 at the age of 70.
"You'll Be in My Heart" is a song by Phil Collins, from the 1999 Disney movie Tarzan.
Phil Collins – vocals, drums
Rob Cavallo – acoustic guitar
Mark Goldenberg, Tim Pierce, Michael Thompson – electric guitar
Larry Muhoberac – piano, keyboards
John Pierce – bass guitar
Luis Conte, Will Donovan – percussion
Cliffside Park is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 23,594.
Ryszard Ronczewski (27 June 1930 – 17 October 2020) was a Polish actor.
He appeared in more than seventy movies from 1954 until 2013.
He was best known for his roles in The Two Who Stole the Moon, Colonel Wolodyjowski and An Ancient Tale: When the Sun Was a God.
Ronczewski was born in present-day Vilnius, Lithuania.
I as in Icarus () is a 1979 French crime drama movie directed by Henri Verneuil and starring Yves Montand, Michel Etcheverry, Roger Planchon, Pierre Vernier, Georges Staquet, Jean-François Garreaud.
Ana Paula Scheffer (August 18, 1989October 16, 2020) was a Brazilian individual rhythmic gymnast.
She represented her nation at international competitions.
She competed at world championships, including at the 2009 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.
Yuri Oganessian ( ; born 14 April 1933) is a Russian nuclear physicist.
He is considered a leader on the subject of superheavy elements.
The chemical element oganesson (atomic number 118) is named after him.
He is one of only two people who was still alive when a chemical element was named after him.
The other was Glenn Seaborg, after whom seaborgium is named.
Tapalapa bread is a traditional bread.
It mainly made in Senegal, Gambia and Guinea.
It is shaped like a French baguette.
It is served with akara, beans, steamed fish and other Gambian dishes.
It is mainly made in local bakeries.
It is sold by the Fulas in Gambia.
Body of My Enemy () is a 1976 French crime movie directed by Henri Verneuil and starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, Bernard Blier, Marie-France Pisier, François Perrot, Daniel Ivernel, Claude Brosset, Yvonne Gaudeau, René Lefèvre, Michel Beaune, Nicole Garcia, Élisabeth Margoni.
Hell Bent for Leather is a 1960 American western movie directed by George Sherman and was based on the 1959 novel Outlaw Marshal by Ray Hogan.
It stars Audie Murphy, Felicia Farr, Stephen McNally, Robert Middleton, Jan Merlin, Herbert Rudley, Malcolm Atterbury, Joseph Ruskin, Allan Lane, John Qualen and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Rawson is the capital city of the Chubut Province in Argentina.
In 2010, 24,616 people lived there.
San Salvador de Jujuy is the capital city of the Jujuy Province in Argentina.
Nazca is a city in Peru.
It is in the Ica Region.
Portoviejo is a city in Ecuador.
It is the capital of the Manabí Province.
Comayagua is one of the 18 departments of Honduras.
Ajuterique
Esquías
Humuya
Lamaní
Las Lajas
Lejamaní
Meámbar
Minas de Oro
San José de Comayagua
San José del Potrero
Siguatepeque
Taulabé
Villa de San Antonio
Departments of Honduras
Atlántida is one of the 18 departments of Honduras.
The departmental capital is La Ceiba.
Esparta
La Masica
Choluteca is one of the 18 departments of Honduras.
The departmental capital is Choluteca.
Apacilagua
Concepción de María
Duyure
El Corpus
Marcovia
Morolica
Namasigue
Orocuina
Pespire
San Antonio de Flores
San Marcos de Colón
Santa Ana de Yusguare
RTÉ News and Current Affairs is the news service of the Irish public broadcaster, Raidió Teilifís Éireann.
It is the largest and most popular news source in Ireland.
77% of the Irish public see it as their main source of both Irish and international news.
The organisation is also a source of commentary on current affairs.
The division is based at the RTÉ Television Centre in Donnybrook, Dublin.
It also operates regional bureau across Ireland and the world.
Tomfinlough is a civil parish in County Clare, in Ireland.
There is a ruined parish church at the northern end of a lake, called Finn Lough, or Fenloe.
Tomfinlogh is the oldest known settlement in the region of Newmarket-on-Fergus.
It contains the village of Ardsallis.
The parish contains the following townlands: Ayleacotty, Ballycar, Boheraroan, Caherkine, Caherscooby, Carrowmeer, Carrownakilly, Finlough, Granaghan, Granaghan Beg,  Granaghan More, Kilnacrandy, Langough, Mausnarylaan, Mooghaun North, Mooghaun South, Muckanagh (Butler), Muckanagh (Studdert), Muckanagh (Vandeleur), Newmarket, Rathlaheen North, Rathlaheen South and Snugborough.
The National University of Ireland is a university in Galway.
It was opened as Queen's College Galway, in 1845.
It has become known as University College Galway, since 1908.
It is one of the universities (or colleges) that make up National University of Ireland.
A soda fountain is a machine that produces carbonated soft drinks, known as fountain drinks.
It does this by mixing a flavored syrup or a concentrate, with carbon dioxide and purified (usually chilled) water.
The process can either be done manually, or it can be automated, by a vending machine.
The first soda fountains appeared in the 18th century.
They spread during the 19th century and were widely used by the early 20th century.
My Fellow Americans is a 1996 American comedy movie directed by Peter Segal and starring Jack Lemmon, James Garner, Dan Aykroyd, John Heard, Bradley Whitford, Lauren Bacall, Jeff Yagher, Sela Ward, Conchata Ferrell, Esther Rolle.
Heeze-Leende is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 15,964 people lived there.
Helmond is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 91,524 people lived there.
Heusden is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 44,135 people lived there.
Laarbeek is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 22,333 people lived there.
Oisterwijk is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 32,000 people live there.
Landerd is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 15,800 people lived there.
Landerd has been a part of Maashorst since 2022.
Maashorst
Mill en Sint Hubert is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 11,000 people lived there.
Mill en Sint Hubert has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
Moerdijk is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 36,961 people lived there.
Oirschot is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 18,623 people lived there.
Oosterhout is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 55,616 people lived there.
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA; c. 48) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
It makes copyright law in the United Kingdom, which used to be taken from the Copyright Act 1956.
It says that copyright for creative works lasts for 70 years after the author dies (50 years for works made on a computer).
A work can only be protected by copyright if it is one of: literary work, dramatic work, musical work, artistic work, movies, sound recordings, broadcasts, and text of published editions.
Reusel-De Mierden is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 13,060 people lived there.
Roosendaal is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 77,032 people lived there.
Rucphen is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 22,572 people lived there.
Sint Anthonis is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 11,700 people lived there.
Sint Anthonis has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
Someren is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 19,322 people lived there.
Son en Breugel is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 16,904 people lived there.
Uden is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 42,300 people lived there.
Uden has been a part of Maashorst since 2022.
Maasgouw is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
In 2019, 23,716 people lived there.
Gulpen-Wittem is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
In 2019, 14,246 people lived there.
Steenbergen is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 25,054 people lived there.
Timila, thimila or paani, (Malayalam: തിമില) is an hour-glass shaped drum used in Kerala, South India.
Usually, the instrument is made of wood.
It is often used with religious ceremonies.
Sometimes four different percussion instruments (one of them the Timila), and a trumpet are grouped.
Such a group is called  Panchavadyam.
Barbados is an island nation in the eastern Caribbean (formerly spelt Barbadoes).
Barbadoes Island (Pennsylvania), an island in the Schuylkill River located to the south of Norristown in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Barbadoes, a former name of Theodore Roosevelt Island, Washington, D.C.
Mártires de Barbados Stadium, a multi-use stadium in Bayamo, Cuba
Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort, a hotel with a themed area by the name of Barbados
New Barbadoes Township, New Jersey, a township in Bergen County, New Jersey
New Barbadoes Neck
Barbadoes Street, a major street in central Christchurch, New Zealand
Barbadoes Street Cemetery, Christchurch
Barbadoes Green, former name of Howard Park, Kilmarnock, Scotland, home of Kilmarnock FC
Barbadoes Hill, a location in the Wye Valley, northeast of Tintern, Wales.
United States Naval Facility, Barbados (1957–1979), a U.S. Navy facility once located at Harrisons Point, St. Lucy, Barbados.
Barbados Joe Walcott (1873–1935), also known as "The Barbados Demon", an early twentieth century boxer
Barbados Slim, a fictional character on the US-based Television show Futurama
Barbados (band), a Swedish band who participated in Melodifestivalen several times
"Barbados" (Typically Tropical song), 1975
"Barbados" (Models song), 1985
Barbados (composition), a jazz blues composed by Charlie Parker
, a British frigate in service with the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1946
SS Manticos, a British heavy-lift ship originally named SS Empire Barbados
Muscovado, a style of sugar also known as "Barbados"
45597 Barbados, a British LMS Jubilee Class locomotive
Barbadian (disambiguation)
Bajan (disambiguation)
Barbuda (disambiguation)
Bytecode, also termed portable code or p-code, is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.
Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of program objects.
The name bytecode stems from instruction sets that have one-byte opcodes followed by optional parameters.
Intermediate representations such as bytecode may be output by programming language implementations to ease interpretation, or it may be used to reduce hardware and operating system dependence by allowing the same code to run cross-platform, on different devices.
Bytecode may often be either directly executed on a virtual machine (a p-code machine i.e., interpreter), or it may be further compiled into machine code for better performance.
Since bytecode instructions are processed by software, they may be arbitrarily complex, but are nonetheless often akin to traditional hardware instructions: virtual stack machines are the most common, but virtual register machines have been built also.
Different parts may often be stored in separate files, similar to object modules, but dynamically loaded during execution.
1Execution
2Examples
3See also
4Notes
5References
A bytecode program may be executed by parsing and directly executing the instructions, one at a time.
This kind of bytecode interpreter is very portable.
Some systems, called dynamic translators, or just-in-time (JIT) compilers, translate bytecode into machine code as necessary at runtime.
This makes the virtual machine hardware-specific but does not lose the portability of the bytecode.
For example, Java and Smalltalk code is typically stored in bytecode format, which is typically then JIT compiled to translate the bytecode to machine code before execution.
This introduces a delay before a program is run, when the bytecode is compiled to native machine code, but improves execution speed considerably compared to interpreting source code directly, normally by around an order of magnitude (10x).
Because of its performance advantage, today many language implementations execute a program in two phases, first compiling the source code into bytecode, and then passing the bytecode to the virtual machine.
There are bytecode based virtual machines of this sort for Java, Raku, Python, PHP, Tcl, mawk and Forth (however, Forth is seldom compiled via bytecodes in this way, and its virtual machine is more generic instead).
The implementation of Perl and Ruby 1.8 instead work by walking an abstract syntax tree representation derived from the source code.
More recently, the authors of V8 and Dart have challenged the notion that intermediate bytecode is needed for fast and efficient VM implementation.
Both of these language implementations currently do direct JIT compiling from source code to machine code with no bytecode intermediary.
>>> import dis # "dis" - Disassembler of Python byte code into mnemonics.
>>> dis.dis('print("Hello, World!")')
1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (print)
2 LOAD_CONST               0 ('Hello, World!')
4 CALL_FUNCTION            1
6 RETURN_VALUE
ActionScript executes in the ActionScript Virtual Machine (AVM), which is part of Flash Player and AIR.
ActionScript code is typically transformed into bytecode format by a compiler.
Examples of compilers include one built into Adobe Flash Professional and one built into Adobe Flash Builder and available in the Adobe Flex SDK.
Adobe Flash objects
BANCStar, originally bytecode for an interface-building tool but used also as a language
C to Java virtual machine compilers
CLISP implementation of Common Lisp used to compile only to bytecode for many years; however, now it also supports compiling to native code with the help of GNU lightning
CMUCL and Scieneer Common Lisp implementations of Common Lisp can compile either to native code or to bytecode, which is far more compact
Common Intermediate Language executed by Common Language Runtime, used by .NET Framework languages such as C#
Dalvik bytecode, designed for the Android platform, is executed by the Dalvik virtual machine
Dis bytecode, designed for the Inferno (operating system), is executed by the Dis virtual machine
EiffelStudio for the Eiffel programming language
EM, the Amsterdam Compiler Kit virtual machine used as an intermediate compiling language and as a modern bytecode language
GNU Emacs is a text editor with most of its functions implemented by Emacs Lisp, its built-in dialect of Lisp.
These features are compiled into bytecode.
This architecture allows users to customize the editor with a high level language, which after compiling into bytecode yields reasonable performance.
Embeddable Common Lisp implementation of Common Lisp can compile to bytecode or C code
Ericsson implementation of Erlang uses BEAM bytecodes
Icon and Unicon programming languages
Infocom used the Z-machine to make its software applications more portable
Java bytecode, which is executed by the Java virtual machine
JMangler
KEYB, the MS-DOS/PC DOS keyboard driver with its resource file KEYBOARD.SYS containing layout information and short p-code sequences executed by an interpreter inside the resident driver.
LSL, a scripting language used in virtual worlds compiles in bytecode running on a virtual machine.
Second Life has the original Mono version, Inworldz developed the Phlox version.
Lua language uses a register-based bytecode virtual machine
m-code of the MATLAB language
Multiplan
O-code of the BCPL programming language
OCaml language optionally compiles to a compact bytecode form
p-code of UCSD Pascal implementation of the Pascal language
Pick BASIC also referred to as Data BASIC or MultiValue BASIC
The R environment for statistical computing offers a bytecode compiler through the compiler package, now standard with R version 2.13.0.
It is possible to compile this version of R so that the base and recommended packages exploit this.
Pyramid 2000 adventure game
Scheme 48 implementation of Scheme using bytecode interpreter
Bytecodes of many implementations of the Smalltalk language
The Spin interpreter built into the Parallax Propeller microcontroller
The SQLite database engine translates SQL statements into a bespoke byte-code format.
SWEET16
Tiny BASIC
Visual FoxPro compiles to bytecode
YARV and Rubinius for Ruby
The Palau de les Belles Arts was a multipurpose building in Barcelona .
Demolished in 1942, it was built on the occasion of the universal exhibition of 1888, in the space where the municipal courts are currently in front of the Parc de la Ciutadella, on the corner of Passeig de Lluís Companys and Passeig de Pujades .
Work of August Font i Carreras, it was destined to artistic exhibitions, concerts and cultural events.
The building had a rectangular floor plan and was 91 x 50 meters.
The iron structure allowed to cover a great assembly hall.
It had exposed side towers, with domes at the corners.
On the second floor, there were different rooms, around the large one, with zenithal light, which allowed events and exhibitions to take place.
Use as a room of exhibitions
This building was the first headquarters of the Municipal Museum of Fine Arts of Barcelona, between 1891 and 1915, where the different municipal and later provincial art collections met, a collection that years later became part of the Museum.
National Art of Catalonia .
During the Universal Exhibition, an exhibition of works of art from municipal collections and other collections from all over Spain was exhibited.
Afterwards, exhibitions of fine arts and artistic industries took place ( General Exhibition of Fine Arts of Barcelona ).
The periodic holding of these shows necessitated the temporary relocation of funds to other places.
In 1917 the Exposition d'Art Français was organized in solidarity with French artists.
FUENTES MILÀ, Sergio; El Palau de Belles Arts de Barcelona: gènesi, vida i mort (1887-1942); Tesi de Màster en Estudis Avançats en Història de l'Art, dirigida pel Dr.Joan Molet i Petit; Universitat de Barcelona, Departament Història de l'Art: 2010
FUENTES MILÀ, Sergio; El Palacio de Bellas Artes de Barcelona: el Eclecticismo suntuoso como sede de colecciones (comunicació de Seminari).
Al Seminari de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid "Desamortizaciones, colecciones, exposiciones y comercio de arte en los siglos XIX y XX" (10 i 11 de juny de 2011)
CIERVO, Joaquín; Historial del Palacio de Bellas Artes; Impr.
Viuda de R.Tobella, Barcelona: 1943
Primera Exposición General de Bellas Artes de Barcelona (1891) en el Archivo del Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña
Primera Exposición Nacional de Industrias Artísticas e Internacional de Reproducciones de Barcelona (1892) en el Archivo del Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña
Segunda Exposición General de Bellas Artes de Barcelona (1894) en el Archivo del Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña
Tercera Exposición de Bellas Artes e Industrias Artísticas de Barcelona (1896) en el Archivo del Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña
Exposición de Arte Antiguo de Barcelona (1902) en el Archivo del Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña
Exposición de Retratos y Dibujos Antiguos y Modernos de Barcelona (1910) en el Archivo del Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña
The  is a small to medium breed of dog, mainly used as a companion dog (although they can be used as a watchdog).
Standards (requirements) usually vary across the world for these dogs.
Developed in Japan during the 1920s and 30s, they were bred by breeding some Spitz type dog breeds.
The breed is recognized by most kennel clubs except the AKC.
It is a new breed, however is growing in popularity due to their good temperament (behaviour).
These dogs are generally known for being smart, easy to train, and good with children.
Generally, they can be protective of their owner(s), hence why they can be good watchdogs.
They can bark if people they don't know enter their territory.
Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process  by which glucose or other monosaccharide sugars are converted into lactic acid and energy.
There may also be other by-products of this fermentation.
The process also works with other sugars, such as  sucrose or lactose.
Lactic acid bacteria use this process to get energy.
Fungi, plants and animals will also use this process, if there is a lack of oxygen.
As an example, it occurs in  muscle cells.
With humans, it occurs if there's too little oxygen in the blood, known as Hypoxemia.
Fermentation where the main product is lactic acid.
This is known as homolactic fermentation.
Fermentation which results in by-products; besides lactic acid, this will be ethanol and carbon dioxide, in the case of hexose sugars, and acetic acid in the case of pentose sugars.
This is called heterolactic fermentation.
Bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium will create lactic acid and acetic acid.
As a preservative
Lactic acid fermentation is a way to preserve food, and make it last longer.
It has been in use at least since the Paleolithic era.
Fermentation will reduce the activity of the bacteria that make food go bad; it will also kill some of them.
Examples are fermented milk products, such as yoghurt, sauerkraut, kimchi, and tsukemono.
During the 19th century, several of the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry were discovered.
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac was interested in fermentation processes.
One of his students was Justus von Liebig.
Both independently described the chemical structure of the lactic acid molecule.
Both were chemists, they were only interested in the chemical properties, and how to optimize it using chemical catalyzers.
The French chemist  Louis Pasteur was the first to describe lactic acid as a product of a microbial fermentation, in 1857.
At the time he worked at the University of Lille.
A local brewery asked him about some problems they had with fermentation.
By chance he discovered that in this brewery, two fermentation processes were taking place: One was the lactic acid fermentation he had expected, the other was an alcoholic fermentation.
Both were started by microorganisms.
In the 19th century, several chemists discovered some fundamental concepts of the domain of organic chemistry.
One of them was the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, who was especially interested in fermentation processes.
He also passed this fascination to one of his best students, Justus von Liebig.
With a difference of some years, each of them described the chemical structure of the lactic acid molecule as we know it today.
Both Gay-Lussac and von Liebig had a purely chemical understanding of the fermentation process:  in their view, the process  can be optimized with chemical catalyzers; neither of them was interested in seeing it with a  microscope.
In 1857, the French chemist Louis Pasteur first described lactic acid as the product of a microbial fermentation.
During this time, he worked at the university of Lille, where a local distillery asked him for advice concerning some fermentation problems.
Per chance and with the badly equipped laboratory he had at that time, he discovered that in this distillery, two fermentations were taking place, a lactic acid one and an alcoholic one, both induced by microorganisms.
He then continued the research on these discoveries in Paris, where he also published his theories which contradicted  the purely chemical version represented by Liebig and his followers.
Even though Pasteur described some concepts that are still accepted today, Liebig refused to accept them.
But even Pasteur himself wrote that he was "driven" to a completely new understanding of this chemical phenomenon.
Even if Pasteur didn't find every detail of this process, he still discovered the main mechanism of how the microbial lactic acid fermentation works.
He was the first to describe fermentation as a "form of life without air."
People had been using microbial lactic acid fermentation to produce food long before Pasteur had described it.
Archeological finds show that the fermentation of milk has a long history.
Its first uses may have been part of the Neolithic Revolution.
Milk contains lactic acid bacteria.
Given the right temperature, the fermentation process will happen spontaneously.
These first farmers likely had another problem: When people become adults most lose the ability to digest fresh milk.
These farmers had an interest to make milk digestible by adults.
Lactic acid bacteria contain the enzymes needed to digest  lactose.
During lactic acid fermentation, the number of lactic acid bacteria increase.
So even if fermentation only happens for a short time, the product will contain enough enzymes, which allows the milk to be digested by adults.
Even safer was a longer fermentation, which was practiced for cheesemaking.
This process was also discovered a very long time ago, which is proven by recipes for cheese production on Cuneiform scripts, the first written documents that exist, and a bit later in Babylonian and Egyptian texts.
What is interesting is the theory of the competitive advantage of fermented milk products.
The idea of this theory is that the women of these first settled farmer clans could shorten the time between two children thanks to the additional lactose uptake from milk consumption.
This factor may have given them an important advantage to out-compete the hunter-gatherer societies.
Since they consumed more milk products, these societies developed lactase pesistence: The milk-digesting enzyme lactase was present in their body during the whole lifetime: They could also drink unfermented milk as adults.
Even today there are regional differences: Estimates are that about 65% of the world polulation still lacks this enzyme.
The first societies came from regions in eastern Turkey to central Europe; the gene is more common there, as well as in the United States, which was settled from Europe.
In Asian countries,  lactose intolerance is much more present.
Milk products and their fermentation have had an important influence on some cultures’ development.
This is the case in Mongolia, where people often practice a pastoral form of agriculture.
The milk that they produce and consume in these cultures is mainly mare milk and has a long tradition.
But not every part or product of the fresh milk has the same meaning.
The fattier part on the top, the "deež", is seen as the most valuable part and is therefore often used to honor guests.
Very important with often a traditional meaning as well are fermentation products of mare milk, like for example the slightly-alcoholic yogurt kumis.
Consumption of these peaks during cultural festivities such as the Mongolian lunar new year (in spring).
The time of this celebration is called the "white month", which indicates that milk products (called "white food" together with starchy vegetables, in comparison to meat products, called "black food") are a central part of this tradition.
The purpose of these festivities is to "close" the past year – clean the house or the yurt, honor the animals for having provided their food, and prepare everything for the coming summer season – to be ready to "open" the new year.
Consuming white food in this festive context is a way to connect to the past and to a national identity, which is the great Mongolian empire personified by Genghis Khan.
During the time of this empire, the fermented mare milk was the drink to honor and thank warriors and leading persons, it was not meant for everybody.
Although it eventually became a drink for normal people, it has kept its honorable meaning.
Like many other traditions, this one feels the influence of globalization.
Other products, like industrial yogurt, coming mainly from China and western countries, have tended to replace it more and more, mainly in urban areas.
However, in rural and poorer regions it is still of great importance.
Major species of lactose fermenting bacteria
Some major bacterial strains identified as being able to ferment lactose are in the genera Escherichia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Klebsiella .
All four of these groups fall underneath the family of Enterobacteriaceae.
These four species are able to be separated from each other by using biochemical testing.
To distinguish between the species, simple biological tests are readily available.
Apart from whole sequence genomics, common tests include H2S production, motility and citrate use, indol, methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests.
Lactic acid fermentation is used in many areas of the world to produce foods that cannot be produced through other methods.
The most commercially important genus of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria is Lactobacillus, though other bacteria and even yeast are sometimes used.
Two of the most common applications of lactic acid fermentation are in the production of yogurt and sauerkraut.
Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of sauerkraut.
The main type of bacteria used in the production of sauerkraut is of the genus Leuconostoc.
As in yogurt, when the acidity rises due to lactic acid-fermenting organisms, many other pathogenic microorganisms are killed.
These may then combine to form esters, contributing to the unique flavor of sauerkraut.
Sour beer
The main method of producing yogurt is through the lactic acid fermentation of milk with harmless bacteria.
Most often, the bacteria  used are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, and United States as well as European law requires all yogurts to contain these two cultures (though others may be added as probiotic cultures).
These bacteria produce lactic acid in the milk culture, decreasing its pH and causing it to congeal.
The bacteria also produce compounds that give yogurt its distinctive flavor.
An additional effect of the lowered pH is the incompatibility of the acidic environment with many other types of harmful bacteria.
For a probiotic yogurt, additional types of bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus are also added to the culture.
Scouser is a denonym for a resident of the city of Liverpool.
Sometimes, people in Birkenhead are called "true Scousers".
Most people also have the Scouse accent.
Echt () is a city in the Dutch province of Limburg.
Since 2003, it became a part of the new municipality of Echt-Susteren.
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Onderbanken is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Beekdaelen.
Nuth was a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
Valkenswaard is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, there were 30,910 people living there.
Veldhoven is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 45,337 people lived there.
Waalwijk is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 48,240 people lived there.
Vught is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2021, about 31,000 people live there.
Woensdrecht is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant.
In 2019, 21,866 people lived there.
Echt-Susteren is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
In 2019, 31,738 people lived there.
It was created from the former municipalities of Echt and Susteren  on 1 January 2003.
Beekdaelen is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
In 2019, 35,771 people lived there.
Schinnen was a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
Meijel was a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg.
Since 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Peel en Maas.
Ellipsometry is a measurement method used by scientists who want to study solid materials or the surface of solids.
It works by shining polarized light on a thin slice of a material and then looking to see how the nature of that light is changed when it is reflected by the sample.
Ellipsometry can be used to investigate different thin films of many different  materials, of organic or inorganic origin.
Inorganic subjects are things  such as metals, semiconductors, insulators and also liquid crystals.
Not GOD as in Religious GOD.
G.O.D. is a band or singer from the Yang family of YG Entertainment or YJP Entertainment or JYP Entertainment.
Based in Soele, South Korea and is part of The Burning Sun Nightclub famous for its Big Scandals, corruption, fraud, pimping, drugs and other criminal activities.
Yang Min Soek and Yang Min Suk is also part of the Founder of this Music Media Corporation.
The Sapporo TV Tower is a television tower that was built in 1957, and is 147.2 meters tall, the tower is in Odori Park.
The Sapporo TV Tower is in Sapporo, Japan.
Many tourists go to the observation deck on this tower, which is about 90 meters tall.
Mike's New Car is a 2002 short movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and is based on Monsters, Inc..
Todd McFarlane's Spawn, also known as Spawn: The Animated Series, is an American noir adult animated television series which aired on HBO from 1997 through 1999.
It has also been released on DVD as a movie series.
The show is based on the Spawn character from Image Comics, and won an Emmy in 1999 for Outstanding Animation Program (longer than one hour).
Keith David – Al Simmons / Spawn
Richard Dysart – Cogliostro
Dominique Jennings – Wanda Blake
John Rafter Lee – Jason Wynn
Michael Nicolosi – Clown (human form)
James Hanes – Violator (demoniac form), Overt-Kill
Jennifer Jason Leigh – Lilly
Victor Love – Terry Fitzgerald (episodes 1–12), Bobby (episodes 1–12)
Michael Beach – Terry Fitzgerald (episodes 15–17), Bobby (episodes 15–17), and additional voices
Kath Soucie – Cyan Fitzgerald and additional voices
James Keane – Tony Twist, Sam Burke
Michael McShane – Maximilian "Twitch" Williams, Gareb
Denise Poirier – Merrick, Bounty Hunter, Angela
Ronny Cox – Billy Kincaid, Senator Scott McMillan
Victor Brandt – Chief Banks
Ming-Na Wen – Jade (Lisa Wu)
Ruben Santiago-Hudson – Jess Chapel
Robert Forster – Major Forseberg
James Hong – Gen Soon/Zhang Lao
Debbi Morgan – Granny Blake
Todd McFarlane's Spawn was ranked 5th on IGN's list of "The Greatest Comic Book Cartoons of All Time", and 23rd on IGN's list of "Top 25 Primetime Animated Series of All Time".
Series producer Eric Radomski reflected in an interview that "Spawn TAS was a personal success for me.
Very rarely do artists get the opportunity to have as much uncensored creative freedom as I did at HBO on Spawn."
The score and opening theme was made by Shirley Walker, who also composed music for Batman: The Animated Series.
While Batman: The Animated Series featured traditional orchestra music, the producers of Todd McFarlane's Spawn requested that Walker give the series a more organic and subtle electronic soundtrack, with only minimal usage of orchestral sounds.
Todd McFarlane's Spawn  at Toon Zone
Lyric poetry is popular in Latin America.
Some lines in lyric poems rhyme.
Sometimes lyric poems do not rhyme.
Rubén Darío, César Vallejo, Ernesto Cardenal, Gabriela Mistral, and Pablo Neruda wrote lyric poems.
Prose poetry is also popular in Latin America.
Prose poems are written in sentences and paragraphs. (
The lines do not rhyme.)
Jorge Luis Borges (Everything and Nothing), Pablo Neruda (Passions and Impressions), Octavio Paz (Eagle or Sun?),
Alejandra Pizarnik (Sex/Night), and Giannina Braschi (Empire of Dreams) wrote prose poetry.
Latin American poets also have a strong tradition of epic poetry.
National themes, landscapes, and local traditions appear in epic poems.
José Hernández wrote the famous epic poem Martín Fierro about cowboy culture in Argentina.
In the 17th century, Sor Juana was a nun who lived in Mexico.
She wrote spiritual and philosophical poems.
In the 19th century, the Cuban poet José Martí wrote the famous poem, "Yo soy un hombre sincero" ("I'm a sincere man").
This poem became the lyrics of the popular song "Guantanamera".
Rubén Darío was a famous modernist poet.
He wrote "Azul" (1888).
Cesar Vallejo is one of the most important poets in the Spanish Language.
Vallejo wrote Trilce (1922).
In the 20th century, Gabriela Mistral was the first Latin American poet to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Pablo Neruda wrote the epic poem Canto General.
Neruda was the second Latin American poet won the Nobel Prize.
Alejandra Pizarnik wore prose poems about childhood, cruelty, and death.
Giannina Braschi writes epic poetry about immigration, revolution, and freedom.
Ana Castillo writes about the Mexican border, ghosts, and Chicano culture.
Roberto Bolaño wrote novels about poets.
His famous novels 2666 and Savage Detectives.
Bolaño also wrote many poems in free verse and in prose.
Latin American poets
Luis de Góngora y Argote
Puss in Boots is a main character in the Shrek franchise, also being portrayed as the title character and protagonist of the movie Puss in Boots (2011).
He made his first appearance in the movie Shrek 2 (2004), soon becoming Shrek's partner and helper (alongside Donkey).
In the movie Shrek the Third (2007), Puss helps Shrek find the heir to the throne of the Far Far Away Kingdom.
The movie Shrek Forever After (2010) is primarily set in an alternate universe, where Puss is Princess Fiona's pet and has gained weight after his retirement.
In the spin-off and prequel Puss in Boots, his origins are described.
Puss also appears in the Netflix television series centered on him, The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015–2018).
Puss was inspired by the title character of the fairy tale "Puss in Boots".
His design, created by Tom Hester, was based on real cats.
Several characters were used as inspirations for Puss's characterization, such as Zorro and Indiana Jones.
The idea of Puss as the protagonist of a film was explored after his debut appearance.
Antonio Banderas voices Puss in the English, Spanish, and Italian dubs of the Shrek franchise.
While he initially tried a high-pitched voice for the character, he and the Shrek 2 filmmakers decided on a tone that was deeper than his normal voice.
Banderas said that voicing Puss was an important part of his career.
Eric Bauza provides Puss's voice in The Adventures of Puss in Boots.
The character is well liked, with critics praising his depiction and considering him a source of comic relief.
Reviewers have regarded Puss as a popular Shrek character.
Banderas's voice acting has also been praised.
Merchandise inspired by the character has been produced.
Antonio Banderas voiced Puss in the Shrek franchise.
Banderas said that his initial motivation to voice Puss was that he enjoyed the movie Shrek (2001).
According to the actor, he was chosen for the role of Puss because of his Spanish accent.
Critical reception of Puss has been well liked, with reviewers praising him in the movies and describing him as "cute", "suave", "lovable", "charismatic", "feisty", "engaging", "legendary", "an instant charmer", "a natural-born star", "a notorious adventurer", the "suavest of swashbuckling cats", and "the world's greatest feline swordfighter".
He was also regarded as "smooth-talking", "heroic", "honorable", self-confident, "passionate", loyal, with "humble" origins.
Colliders Christina Radish described Puss as "charming and unforgettable", adding that he "was a cat destined for great things".
Radish said that Puss getting his own movie was no surprise, commenting that the character has a "tremendous heart", and is a "much-loved fighter".
Fantasy Magazines Andrew Penn Romine called Puss "equal parts rogue and hero", but Stephen Holden of The New York Times described the character as "this vain, spoiled, swashbuckler".
According to Holden, Puss is not "as clear-cut a personality [in Puss in Boots] as he was" in the Shrek movies.
IndieLondons Rob Carnevale called him a "cheeky feline swashbuckler" and Puss in Bootss "enigmatic central character".
Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter described Puss as a "dashing little kitty centerstage", "ever-bold", and "a self-deprecating, sometimes bumbling but ultimately dashing swordsman".
McCarthy enjoyed Puss's "vigorous physicality" in Puss in Boots.
Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times called Puss "endearing", "dashing and fearless but also a tad reckless".
Chrissy Iley of The Telegraph described him as "the world's most seductive animated cat".
IGNs Andy Patrizio enjoyed Puss in Shrek 2, and Scott Collura of the same website said that Puss "remains dignified and cool" in Shrek Forever After despite his weight gain.
The character has been regarded as a source of comic relief.
Villages in Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Sub-Zero is a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat games for video game consoles.
He has appeared as a guest fighter in Injustice 2 alongside Raiden, Hellboy and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
Van Helsing: The London Assignment is a 2004 animated short movie that is a prequel to Van Helsing.
It has Hugh Jackman and Robbie Coltrane returning from their roles of the 2004 feature-length movie.
Hugh Jackman as Gabriel Van Helsing
Tress MacNellie as Queen Victoria
Tara Strong as young Queen Victoria
Robbie Coltrane as Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde
Van Helsing (Universal Pictures franchise)
Hellboy is a fictional superhero created by writer-artist Mike Mignola.
The character first appeared in San Diego Comic-Con Comics #2 (August 1993), and has since appeared in various eponymous miniseries, one-shots and intercompany crossovers.
The character has been adapted into three live-action feature movies.
Two starring Ron Perlman in 2004 and 2008 in the title role, and one in 2019 which starred David Harbour, as well as two straight-to-DVD animated movies, and three video games – Asylum Seeker, The Science of Evil, and as a playable character in Injustice 2.
A well-meaning half-Demon (or Cambion) whose true name is Anung Un Rama ("and upon his brow is set a crown of flame"), Hellboy was summoned from Hell to Earth as a baby by Nazi occultists (spawning his hatred for the Third Reich).
He was discovered on a fictional Outer Hebrides Island by the Allied Forces; amongst them, Professor Trevor Bruttenholm, who formed the United States Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense (B.P.R.D.).
In time, Hellboy grew to be a large, red-skinned adult with a tail, horns (which he files off, leaving behind circular stumps on his forehead), cloven hooves for feet, and an oversized right hand made of stone (the "Right Hand of Doom").
He has been described as smelling of dry-roasted peanuts.