the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Popular sovereignty allowed settlers of a territory to decide for themselves on the question of slavery without any interference from the federal government.
During 19th century it was a compromise used to determine if a western territory or new state would accept or reject slavery within its borders.
It was first promoted in the 1840s.
Stephen A. Douglas, one of the sponsors of the Kansas–Nebraska Act inserted it in the new law as a measure to balance slave and free states.
Abraham Lincoln was one of those who did not agree.
He thought Congress should regulate federal territories.
The act was passed but popular sovereignty proved to have deadly consequences.
When Kansas was being considered for statehood, there was a rush by both people who were for and against slavery to go to Kansas and vote on the issue of slavery.
This resulted in a great deal of fraud and violence.
It led directly to Bleeding Kansas, the bloody border war over slavery.
Avegno Gordevio is a new municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
It was created on 20 April 2008 when the municipalities of Avegno and Gordevio joined together to become Avegno Gordevio.
2008 establishments in Switzerland
"Cool" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love.
Written by Stefani and Dallas Austin, the song was released on July 5, 2005 as the album's fourth single.
The song was compared to early music by Madonna, Cyndi Lauper and Janet Jackson.
Cools music video was directed by Sophie Muller and  was filmed in Lake Como, Italy.
The video features flashbacks of Stefani with brunette hair.
"Cool" (album version) – 3:09
"Hollaback Girl" (Dancehollaback Remix by Tony Kanal featuring Elan) – 6:53
"Cool" (video) – 4:06
Cool" (Richard X Remix) – 6:37
Cool" (Richard X Dub Mix) – 7:10
Cool" (Photek DJ Mix) – 6:34
Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49
Dallas Austin – drums, keyboards, production, songwriting
Caesar Guevara – assistant engineering
Doug Harms – assistant engineering
Nellee Hooper – additional production
Tony Kanal – synthesizer
Jason Lader – programming
Tony Reyes – bass guitar, Line 6 guitar
Paul Sheehy – assistant engineering
Rick Sheppard – MIDI, recording, sound design
The 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting was a major incident inside Pulse, a gay bar and nightclub in Orlando, Florida.
It happened on June 12, 2016.
More than fifty people, including the shooter, were killed in the massacre.
It was the deadliest homophobic attack on LGBT people in United States history.
It was the deadliest attack in the U.S. since the September 11, 2001 attacks.
At about 2:00 a.m. EDT, Mateen fired shots inside the nightclub.
He was armed with a rifle, a handgun, and a "device".
Mateen then left the club briefly and exchanged gunfire with a police officer outside, before returning inside to take hostages.
Pulse posted on its Facebook page at 2:09 EDT, saying "Everyone get out of pulse and keep running".
In a broadcast statement made at around 2:00 p.m. from the White House, President Barack Obama described the shooting as an "act of terror" and an "act of hate".
He mentioned that he has directed the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate the shooting as an act of terrorism, and that the full resources of the federal government would be made available.
2016 murders in the United States
Nightclub shooting
Mass murder in Florida
Bleeding Kansas was a border war on the Kansas-Missouri border.
It started with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854.
It continued into the American Civil War (1854–1861).
It was an ugly war between groups of people who had strong beliefs about slavery.
The term was first coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune.
He used it to describe the violence happening in the Kansas territory during the mid to late 1850s.
Three different groups were fighting for power in Kansas at the time.
These were those who were pro-slavery, abolitionists and free-staters.
Bleeding Kansas, fought over the issue of slavery, was a precursor of events to come in the American Civil War.
Settling Kansas Territory
Before 1854 when the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened up the territory for settlement, there were people living there.
Among these were several tribes of Native Americans.
These included the plains Indian tribes of the Kansas, the Osage and the Pawnee people.
They lived and moved throughout what is now the state of Kansas.
In the 1830s about 20 tribes living east of the Mississippi River were relocated west of Missouri.
By 1854 most of these tribes had been forced to give up these land to the federal government and move into what is now Oklahoma.
Before the Kansas-Nebraska act started, the idea of popular sovereignty gained interest in the territory.
Several groups with political interests promoted the idea of settlement by whites.
One group who liked free-state settlement was the New England Emigrant Aid Company.
The first group of New England settlers created the city of Lawrence, Kansas.
That city quickly became a place of abolitionist activity.
The same year, the city of Topeka, Kansas was created by Cyrus K. Holliday and other anti-slavery advocates.
Missourians felt there was a plot by abolitionists to surround the state of Missouri with free states.
Residents of Missouri with an interest in Kansas becoming pro-slavery flooded into the territory.
The towns of Atchison and Leavenworth were both founded by pro-slavery Missourians.
Issue of slavery
Slavery was one of the main issues that led to the Civil War.
The Southern United States was dependent on agriculture.
They were also dependent on the 4 million slaves and their descendants who did all the work on southern plantations.
Much of the southern economy depended on the free labor of slavery.
Slaves could be traded, rented, bought or sold.
A man's social status, prestige and wealth were demonstrated by the number of slaves he owned.
In the Northern United States, by the time of the Civil War, slavery had been abolished.
The north was mainly industrial.
Immigration, especially from Ireland and Germany, provided a source of low cost labor.
This meant that the North did not need slaves.
Ever since the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened up the territory to settlement in 1854, the pro-slavery party in Missouri had been interfering in Kansas affairs.
Missouri was admitted as a pro-slavery state under the Missouri Compromise.
Slaveholders in Missouri were nervous about having a free-state on its western border.
This is because runaway slaves could escape to there.
Plantation owners in Missouri wanted to make sure Kansas became a slave state.
Most of the people who came to the Kansas territory came for land and opportunity.
Most were from eastern states such as Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and New York.
They were almost all white.
Though they did not have slaves, most were prejudiced against black people.
They believed the popular idea they were inferior.
Most of the settlers seemed to want free soil for white people only.
First territorial legislature
On March 30, 1855, the Kansas Territory had the election for its first territorial legislature.
This legislature would decide whether the territory would allow slavery, so it was an important election.
Just like in the election of November 1854, "Border Ruffians" from Missouri again went into the territory to vote.
Pro-slavery people were elected to 37 of the 39 seats.
Martin F. Conway and Samuel D. Houston from Riley County were the only Free-Staters elected.
Due to concerns about electoral fraud, Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder nullified the results in five voting districts.
A special election was held on May 22 to elect replacements.
Eight of the eleven delegates elected in the special election were Free-Staters, but this still left the pro-slavery people with a 29–10 advantage.
Congress sent a three-man special committee to the Kansas Territory in 1856.
The committee report said that if the only people who were allowed to vote in the election of March 30, 1855 were "actual settlers", it would have elected a Free-State legislature.
The report also said that the legislature actually seated "was [filled with illegally-elected people], and [it] had no power to pass valid laws".
Violence in Kansas
In October 1855, John Brown came to Kansas Territory to fight slavery.
On November 21, 1855 a skirmish called "Wakarusa War" started when a Free-Stater named Charles Dow was shot by a pro-slavery settler.
The war had one death, a free stater named Thomas Barber was shot and killed.
On May 21, 1856, Missourians invaded Lawrence and burned the Free State Hotel.
They destroyed two newspaper offices, and ransacked homes and stores.
In May 1856, Republican Senator Charles Sumner took to the floor to denounce the threat of slavery in Kansas.
He wanted to destroy what Republicans called the "Slave Power".
In the speech called "The Crime against Kansas", Sumner ridiculed the honor of elderly South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler.
He compared Butler's pro-slavery agenda towards Kansas with the raping of a virgin and characterizing his affection for it in sexually explicit and disgusting terms.
The next day, Butler's cousin, the South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks, nearly killed Sumner on the Senate floor with a heavy cane.
The action shocked the nation, brought violence to the floor of the Senate, and deepened the North-South split.
The violence continued.
Ohio abolitionist John Brown led his sons and other followers to plan the murder of settlers who spoke in favor of slavery.
At a pro-slavery settlement at Pottawatomie Creek on the night of May 24, the group seized five pro-slavery men from their homes and hacked them to death with broadswords.
Brown and his men escaped.
They started making a plan for a full-scale slave insurrection to take place at Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
They would have financial support from Boston abolitionists.
The pro-slavery Territorial government had been relocated to Lecompton.
In August 1856, thousands of pro-slavery men formed into armies.
They marched into Kansas.
That same month, Brown and several of his followers engaged 400 pro-slavery militia in the "Battle of Osawatomie".
The hostilities continued for another two months until Brown left the Kansas Territory.
The new territorial governor, John W. Geary, took office and asked both sides for peace.
1857-1861
Once Geary became governor, there was peace.
However, this peace was broken by violent outbreaks for two more years.
The last major outbreak of violence was the Marais des Cygnes massacre in 1858.
This was when border ruffians killed five Free State men.
In all, about 56 people died during the Bleeding Kansas era.
Kansas statehood
The political process that led to statehood for Kansas was long and difficult.
To become a state, Kansas had to give an acceptable constitution to the U.S. Congress.
Kansas tried to become a state four times.
They had four different constitutions given.
This was more than any other state territory.
Missourians, because they were so close, went across the border to vote on the first state constitution.
The fact they were not Kansas residents did not stop them from stuffing the ballot boxes.
With their help, pro-slavery candidates were elected to the constitutional convention.
What came to be called the "Bogus Legislature" met on July 2, 1855.
Among the laws passed by the Bogus Legislature were the death penalty for anyone setting slaves free or for saying or writing anything that might cause a slave rebellion.
Citizens of Kansas who had talked about any anti-slavery ideas were not allowed to be jurors.
The convention did everything it could to make anyone with anti-slavery sentiments leave Kansas.
Anti-slavery abolitionists met on June 24, 1855.
They rejected the Bogus Legislature's laws and constitution.
The Topeka constitution
After several conventions, the free-staters met in Topeka to write a constitution.
It was given to the U.S. Congress, and it went to Kansas voters on December 15.
The "Topeka constitution" won ratification by a vote of 1,731 to 46.
The landslide victory was because the pro-slavery side protested the vote.
President Franklin Pierce gave a speech January 24, 1856 saying the so-called Bogus Legislature was still legitimate.
He called the Topeka constitution and the abolitionist convention illegal.
The United States House of Representatives accepted the constitution by a vote of 99 to 97.
It was sent to the United States Senate, but the bill was stopped in committee.
The House and Senate went back and forth over the issue, but nothing was fixed.
Then President Pierce sent federal troops to break up the Topeka legislature on July 4.
A year passed with no progress.
Both abolitionists and pro-slavery border ruffians started fighting a guerrilla war on the border to try to fix the issue.
The Lecompton constitution
A year passed with little change.
However, James Buchanan was elected president of the United States.
He chose Robert J. Walker to be the territorial governor of Kansas.
His instructions to Walker were to help the "regular legislature" in creating a new constitutional convention.
Buchanan promised Kansans that voters would be protected from force or fraud, and they should not protest the convention.
Between mid-October and early November the Lecompton Constitution was drafted.
When it was presented to Kansas voters it had two choices: a “Constitution With Slavery” and a “Constitution With No Slavery.”
But it was cleverly worded in that it did not allow a vote against a constitution.
This caused an angry response from voters.
Governor Walker was forced to resign.
By a vote of 6,226 to 569, on December 21, the Constitution With Slavery option won.
However, Congress did not like the Lecompton constitution.
The newly-created Republican Party joined forces with Northern Democrats, including Senator Stephen A. Douglas, to block the constitution because they felt it did not represent the will of the people of Kansas.
The Democratic Party was split over the issue.
Douglas and free-Stater in Kansas got a referendum held on January 4, 1858.
This time, abolitionists, many of whom had earlier protested the vote, voted.
More than 10,000 voters completely rejected the Lecompton Constitution.
The Leavenworth constitution
The third try at a constitution was called the Leavenworth Constitution.
It was called that because on March 25, 1858, the delegates met in Leavenworth, Kansas.
When a bill asking for another convention had been sent to the new territorial governor, James Denver for approval, he ignored it.
The territorial legislature then passed the bill, but they met after they were scheduled to leave.
This caused an angry debate even before the convention met.
At the convention, abolitionists disagreed over several issues including what to offer to blacks.
Even so, the delegates voted on a new constitution to present to the voters.
It was ratified on May 18, but very few Kansans came out to vote on the issue.
Congress did not even take the Leavenworth constitution seriously.
Instead, President Buchanan said that the Lecompton constitution had been ratified and it should be the constitution under consideration.
While the Leavenworth constitution was waiting on ratification, both houses of congress sent the Lecompton constitution back to the voters of Kansas.
This time there was a bribe attached.
If the voters would approve the Lecompton constitution, they would get 3.5 million acres of public land to use for schools, a university and public works.
If they rejected the constitution, Kansas would not be allowed to submit another constitution until it gained a larger population.
On August 2, the voters rejected the terms of statehood made by Congress by a vote of 11,812 to 1,926.
Both the Lecompton and the Leavenworth constitutions were dead.
Both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions realized it was time for a new plan for Kansas.
The Wyandotte Constitution and Kansas statehood
Things quieted down temporarily although the polls had shown the free-state abolitionists were clearly in the majority.
Many of the pro-slavery men from Missouri lost interest in the political affairs of Kansas.
Many of the more radical abolitionists did also.
The territorial legislature proceeded to find a way for Kansas to become a state.
On February 9, 1859 the legislature passed an act to create one more constitutional convention.
The new governor, Samuel Medary, signed the bill.
A vote held on March 28 showed 5,306 Kansans were for the measure while 1,425 were against it.
By this time it was widely thought Kansas would be a free state, if approved for statehood.
But other issues were being debated.
These included state boundaries, suffrage and temperance.
Deligates to the convention were elected and on July 5 met at Wyandotte, a town that later became part of Kansas City.
On July 29, the Wyandotte Constitution was adopted (without signatures of many of the Democrats at the convention).
It was presented to the people of Kansas on October 4 and was approved by a vote of 10,421 to 5,530.
The U.S. House of Representatives introduced a bill in February 1860 for statehood and it passed.
In the Senate, however, the measure stalled.
It went to the Committee on Territories for three months before it came back to the Senate floor.
The committee had recommended it not be passed.
Debates on the measure went back and forth, but nothing was done due to the upcoming presidential election.
In the 1860 election, Abraham Lincoln won the presidency.
The Southern states then seceded from the Union.
With Congress cleared of those against Kansas becoming a free state, the measure was passed.
President Buchanan was still in office but signed the bill making Kansas the 34th state.
The Wyandotte constitution became the constitution of the State of Kansas.
Molokhia or Mulukhiyah (various spellings based on the ) is a soupy vegetable dish.
It is made from leaves of Corchorus olitorius, commonly known as Nalta jute, tossa jute, and Jew's mallow.
It is commonly served in the eastern Mediterranean area, the Levant and North Africa.
Official website of Dürrenroth
Arkadiusz "Arek" Milik (born 28 February 1994 in Tychy, Poland) is a Polish association football forward who currently plays for the French club Olympique de Marseille (on loan from SSC Napoli) and the Poland national football team.
He has also played for AFC Ajax, Rozwój Katowice, Górnik Zabrze, Bayer 04 Leverkusen and FC Augsburg.
Arkadiusz Milik profile on Soccerway
Arkadiusz Milik profile on 91minut
Vasili Vladimirovich Berezutski (Russiann: Василий Владимирович Березуцкий; born on born 20 June 1982 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian association football defender who currently plays for the Russian club PFC CSKA Moscow and the Russia national football team.
He played for Torpedo-ZIL from 1999 to 2001 as well.
He sometimes plays as a defensive winger or midfielder.
He has an identical twin who also plays for CSKA Moscow, Aleksei.
Vasili Berezutski  at CSKA Moscow official website
Vasili Berezutski profile on Soccerway
"Crash" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love.
Written by Stefani and No Doubt bandmate Tony Kanal, the song uses car metaphors to describe a relationship.
Many music critics compared the song to music made by American female rap group Salt-n-Pepa.
Unlike the previous singles released from the Love.
album, "Crash" was the only song not to feature an actual music video, a live performance from the Harajuku Lovers Tour was used instead, this was mainly because Stefani was pregnant with her first child.
US 12" promotional single
Crash" (Album Version) – 4:06
Crash" (Instrumental) – 4:05
Crash" (A Cappella) – 4:06
European promotional CD single
"Crash" (Album Version) – 4:06
Lee Groves – keyboards, mix programming
Official website of Eggiwil
Skylab was the first space station of the United States.
It was launched on May 14, 1973 on an extra Saturn V Moon rocket.
It was launched without the third stage, lunar module, or command/service module because Skylab was itself an extra third stage that was turned into a space station, which is called a wet workshop.
The Apollo spacecraft visited the station three times.
If there was any problem, an Apollo spacecraft with Vance D. Brand and Don L. Lind could rescue the crews.
Skylab did 80 experiments.
Those were divided into six categories:
Life science
Solar physics and astronomy
Material science
Student research
The Our (pronunciation [u:r]) is a river in Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany.
It is a left-hand tributary of the Sauer river, and so it is part of the drainage basin of the Rhine river.
The Our river has a length of .
Of that length,  are in Luxemboug Its drainage basin has an area of .
The source of the Our is in southeastern Belgium.
It is near Manderfeld in the Büllingen municipality,  Liège province.
It is at an altitude of about .
The river flows southwards, more or less along the German-Belgian  border and, after Ouren, along the German-Luxembourg border.
The Our joins, as a left tributary, the Sauer river in Wallendorf in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, at about  of altitude.
Auw - 5.9 km
Ihrenbach - 15.9 km
Irsen - 35.5 km
Teggelbach - 5.0 km
Medenderbach - 7.5 km
Kolvenderbach -8.7 km
Weberbach - 6.1 km
Braunlauf - 17.8 km
Ulf - 17.8 km
It is England's ninth largest reservoir with a capacity of 35,412 megaliters.
Planning for the reservoir started in the 1960s with actual construction staring in 1979.
In 1984 there was a partial collapse of the dam.
Pro-slavery was an ideology that promoted the practice of slavery and defended against any interference with the system.
By the 1830s, slavery was practiced mainly in the Southern United States.
African American slaves were considered property.
Slave owners justified them being property because slaves were black—in other words not people.
Slaves were used on large plantations and small farms as the primary form of labor.
Largely in response to the abolitionist arguments against slavery, pro-slavery advocates developed arguments to justify slavery as being a good thing.
While anti-slavery groups pushed for a gradual end to slavery, and free-soilers sought to stop its expansion, abolitionists demanded an immediate end to the practice.
Pro-slavery became as much anti-abolitionism as it was a defense of slavery.
Slave culture
It is sometimes hard to understand why southerners who did not own slaves would defend the practice of slavery.
In the south at that time, slaves did not just work on plantations.
There were over 4 million blacks were enslaved in the south and they far outnumbered white people.
In cities like Charleston, South Carolina, slaves worked at various jobs such as carpenters, blacksmiths, bricklayers and street sweeper.
They performed every kind of manual labor.
They raised the family's children, cooked, cleaned and served the food to their masters.
A visitor to Charleston commented “Charleston looks more like a Negro country than a country settled by white people”.
Southerners feared a slave rebellion like the one on Haiti only a few decades earlier.
They also feared that without slaves their economy would collapse completely.
Slavery had become a subject of vital interest to everyone in the United States.
In 1859, the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia by the abolitionist John Brown shocked the south.
Had Brown succeeded, he intended to arm slaves in the south with weapons to revolt against their masters.
Each new state admitted to the United States became a battle over whether it would be a free state or would allow slavery.
Extremists from all sides flocked to territories to promote their own cause.
Bleeding Kansas became a worst case example where the competing views broke down into outright guerrilla warfare.
Political compromises were tried, such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850.
Slave conditions
Slaves were generally poorly fed and had minimal clothing and places to sleep.
Household servants usually did better as they got the old clothes of their master's family and had access to better quality food.
Slaves suffered from poor health in the heat and humidity of the south.
Because of their poor diet and unsanitary living conditions, they frequently suffered from diseases.
The rice plantations were the most deadly for slaves.
They stood in water for most of the day under the hot sun.
Malaria was a common disease.
The mortality rate was highest among slave children.
It averaged about 66 % generally and was as high as 90 % on rice plantations.
Slave women were frequently used for sex by their masters.
If any refused they were physically beaten.
Their racially mixed or mulatto children were considered slaves because their status followed that of the mother.
All women in the south, black or white, were considered chattel or property, they belonged to the master.
In 1808, the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves took effect.
After this time slave breeding by their masters became a common way to produce slaves.
There was also a demand for light-skinned, good looking young female slaves.
These "fancy maids", slave women sold at auction as concubines or prostitutes, brought the highest prices.
Pro-slavery arguments
The arguments for slavery by Southern spokesmen said that chattel slavery (slaves as property), as practiced in the South, was more humane than the system of "wage slavery" practiced in the industrialized Northern United States.
George Fitzhugh, in his book published in 1857, Cannibals All!,
maintained that pro-slavery held the moral high ground in the national debate over slavery.
Fitzhugh maintained that because slaveholders owned their slaves they took better care of them than the northern capitalists who only "rented" their workers.
In his earlier Sociology for the South he proposed that many white people should also be slaves.
Some pointed out that slave owners provided food and clothes for their slaves, something that northern employers did not do.
Other arguments pointed out that in addition to the benefits slaves enjoyed under slavery that by keeping them separate, they did not mix with the white race.
While this was a fear of many southerners, the argument played on the fears of northerners.
The basis for this was the commonly held belief at the time that blacks were inferior to whites.
Others pointed out that a sudden end to slavery would cause economic collapse in the south.
There would be no cotton, tobacco or rice industries.
Also, that if all the slaves were freed it would lead to unemployment and chaos all over the United States.
They claimed it would lead to uprisings much like the "Reign of Terror" during the French Revolution.
These arguments and others were widely published in books, newspapers and pamphlets.
They were carefully designed to promote and defend slavery.
George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All!,
From Slavery to Freedom: The African-American Pamphlet Collection, 1824-1909
Official website of Eriswil
Secunderabad is a city in the state of Telangana, India.
It is popularly called the twin city of Hyderabad.
Secunderabad was founded in the year 1806 as a British cantonment.
Secunderabad and Hyderabad together form the sixth biggest metropolis in India.
It is one of the biggest cantonments in India.
It has a large presence of army and air force.
The population of Secunderabad is 204,182.
The literacy rate of Secunderabad is 73%.
The most popular sport is cricket.
Thrombolites are ancient types of microbial communities that photosynthesize.
They are similar to stromatolites, but they are formed differently.
Stromatolites are clearly layered, but thrombolites are not.
They are "clotted accretionary structures".
They formed in shallow water by the trapping, holding, and cementing sedimentary grains by microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria.
They were common in the Cambrian and early Ordovician, and few examples still exist today.
Free-Staters were those settlers in Kansas Territory during the Bleeding Kansas era in the 1850s who opposed the extension of slavery to Kansas.
The name came from the term "free state".
This meant a U.S. state without slavery.
Some Free-Staters were abolitionists from New England.
Other Free-Staters were abolitionists who came to Kansas Territory from Ohio, Iowa, and other midwestern states.
However, the majority of Free-Staters, regardless of where they were from, did not claim to be abolitionists at the beginning.
Instead, the official Free-State line supported the idea of excluding all Black people from the state of Kansas.
While they didn't have slaves themselves most were prejudiced against black people believing the popular idea they were inferior.
Pro-slavery Southerners in Kansas Territory said all Free-Staters were abolitionists.
This was in order to motivate the South's opposition.
However, Eli Thayer and other New England Company leaders denied that they were seeking to abolish slavery.
Also, the failed Topeka Constitution drafted by the Free-Staters in 1855 would have excluded any black person from settling in Kansas.
This is whether they were slaves or free.
In contrast, abolitionists wanted equal rights for all blacks and to end discrimination against them.
As time passed and the violence in Bleeding Kansas increased, abolitionists became associated with the Free-State movement.
In 1858, the Free-Staters proposed a second constitution, the Leavenworth Constitution, which banned slavery and also would have given the right to vote to black men.
This constitution also failed because of unresolved conflict between the two sides.
Kansas became a state in 1861 after the fourth and final Wyandotte Constitution was agreed on.
Holton, Kansas was named for the Milwaukee, Wisconsin free-stater Edward Dwight Holton.
Lucca Borges de Brito (born 14 February 1990), simply known as Lucca, is a Brazilian footballer.
Lucca is known for his playmaking ability, his excellent technical ability, vision and set pieces.
Graziano Pellè (born 15 July 1985 in San Cesario di Lecce, Italy) is an Italian association football forward who currently plays for the English club Southampton and the Italian national football team.
He has also played for U.S. Lecce, Calcio Catania, Crotone, Cesena, AZ Alkmaar, Parma Football Club SpA, U.C. Sampdoria and Feyenoord.
He won the Eredivisie with AZ Alkmaar in 2009 and was Premier League Player of the Month in September of 2014.
Stats at Lega Serie A
Omar Mir Seddique Mateen (November 16, 1986 – June 12, 2016) was an American mass shooter/mass murderer.
He killed at least 49 people and wounded 53 others in a mass shooting at a gay bar in Orlando, Florida.
He was killed in a gunfight with the police.
It was the largest and deadliest act of violence targeting LGBT people in United States history.
Mateen was born in New York to Afghan parents.
He moved to Port St. Lucie, Florida in 1991.
Before the shooting, he had been investigated by the FBI in 2013 and 2014.
Mateen reportedly pledged his allegiance to the Sunni militant jihadist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) before the shooting.
Bogdan Sorin Stancu (born on 28 June 1987 in Pitești, Romania) is a Romanian association football forward and left winger who currently plays for the Turkish club Gençlerbirliği and the Romania national football team.
His nickname is Motanul (meaning Tomcat).
He also previously played for Argeș Pitești, CS Mioveni, Unirea Urziceni, Steaua București, Galatasaray and Orduspor.
Official FCSB profile
Bogdan Stancu's profile at RomanianSoccer.ro
Bogdan Stancu's profile UEFA.com
Farhiyo Farah Ibrahim (Arabic language: فرحيو فرح إبراهيم) is a Somali refugee and women’s rights activist.
She fights against female genital mutilation and forced marriage in the Dadaab refugee camp in north-east Kenya.
In 2002 Farah went to work for the National Council of Churches in Kenya, teaching people about reproductive health.
After she was attacked, she took a job as an interpreter in Dadaab.
In 2005 Farah went to a leadership program in the town of Naivasha in Western Kenya.
Then she worked for CARE, giving people information about reproductive health.
CARE is an international NGO that helps refugees.
The Carsey-Werner Company (also called Carsey-Werner Productions or Carsey-Werner Television) is an independent television company.
It was founded in 1981 by former ABC writer and producer duo Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner.
The company created television sitcoms including Roseanne, A Different World, The Cosby Show, Grace Under Fire and That '70s Show.
Geh with upturn (Ґ, ґ) is the fifth letter of the Ukrainian alphabet.
It can also be used in the Belarusian language.
This letter means the sound [g] in both languages, "Г" meaning the sound [h].
Firstly this letter appeared in the middle of the 19th century.
"Serious" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love.
The track was written by Stefani and her Doubt bandmate, Tony Kanal.
Kanal also produced the song with Mark "Spike" Stent.
Serious had been compared to Madonnas early music by Enrique Peña Nieto.
A music video was made for the song, but the video was never officially released.
Sophie Muller directed the music video.
The music video features Stefani and the Harajuku Girls dancing on various rooftops throughout Los Angeles.
A minute long clip of the music video was uploaded onto YouTube on October 13, 2006.
Recorded at Kingsbury Studios, Los Feliz, California
Mixed at The Mix Suite, Olympic Studios, London, England
Lee Groves - keyboards, programming, mixing
Rob Haggett - assistant engineering, mixing
Tony Kanal - keyboards, production, programming, synthesizer
Colin "Dog" Mitchell - additional recording
Mark "Spike" Stent - production, mixing
David Treahearn – assistant engineering, mixing
Pasophae, also spelt Pasiphaë, is a character in Greek mythology.
She is the daughter of the sun god, Helios and the wife of King Minos.
She was the mother of many of Minos' children.
They included Ariadne and her brother Androgeos, who was killed by the Athenians.
She also had an affair with a prized bull her husband had refused to sacrifice to Poseidon.
The offspring of Pasophae and the bull was the Minotaur, which was eventually killed by Theseus.
"Long Way to Go" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gwen Stefani with American rapper André 3000.
The song appears as the closing track on Stefani's debut studio album, Love.
It was released on November 23, 2004 by Interscope Records.
The track was written by both Stefani and 3000.
The song also includes a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech.
"Long Way to Go" was originally recorded in 2003 during recording sessions for both of Stefani and 3000's then upcoming studio albums.
André 3000's original version of the song had Stefani as a featured artist and he originally recorded for the Outkasts The Love Below album.
Writing and production
Lyrically, Long Way to Go is about prejudices against dating someone from a different race.
The line, "When snow hits the asphalt / Cold looks and bad talk come" is used as a metaphor for the nasty comments people receive when dating someone of the opposite race.
Long Way to Go also includes a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech.
Long Way to Go was written by Stefani and 3000 and was also produced by 3000.
US Digital download
"Long Way to Go" (with André 3000) –
Interscope Records Sampler
A1 "Rich Girl" (featuring Eve) –
A2 "Hollaback Girl" –
A3 "Bubble Pop Electric" (featuring Johnny Vulture) –
B1 "Long Way to Go" (with André 3000) –
B2 "Harajuku Girls" –
B3 "Cool" –
Recorded at Stankonia Recording, Atlanta; Larabee Sound Studio East, Los Angeles; and Soundcastle Studios, Los Angeles.
André Benjamin – keyboards, lead vocals, mixing, production, songwriting
Warren Bletcher – assistant engineering
Greg Collins – mixing
CutMaster Swiff – cuts
Nick Ferrero – assistant engineering
John Frye – additional recording
Kevin Kendricks – keyboards, piano
Martin Luther King, Jr. – additional songwriting
Pete Novak – additional recording
Sean Tallman – assistant engineering
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Forst is a village in the canton of Bern, Switzerland.
The former municipality of the district of Thun merged with Längenbühl on January 1, 2007 to form Forst-Längenbühl.
The Plains Indians were those tribes of Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains of North America.
At the height of their cultures, their main source of food was the large herds of American bison.
Hunting was not only the main activity of Plains Indians but was a central part of their religion.
Their thinking and culture was formed from the natural environment they lived in.
Up to the 1500s, tribes lived on the edges of the Great Plains.
They were farmers and hunter-gatherers.
From autumn to spring they raised crops.
During the summers they went out onto the Great Plains to hunt bison on foot.
Juan de Oñate and other conquistadores brought horses, which changed the way the Plains Indians hunted.
They quickly adapted to hunting bison on horseback as nomadic hunters.
It began with the Apache who stole horses from the Spaniards.
Horses also escaped into the wild.
The Comanche soon followed and both tribes based their wealth and power on the horse.
Horses were traded to or captured by other tribes and by the mid 1700s most Plains Indians had one or more horses.
The next advance came from the British who brought guns to North America.
The British also pushed many of the Eastern Woodlands tribes onto the Great Plains.
After the 1850s, the horse culture of the Plains Indians ended as tribes were moved to Indian reservations.
The Arapaho
The Blackfoot
The Comanche
The Kitsai
The Missouria (or Niúachi)
The Mandan
The Omaha
The Osage
The Otoe
The Pawnee
The Saulteaux (or Plains Ojibwe)
The Plains Cree
The Plains Apache (also called the Kiowa Apache)
The Ponca
The Quapaw (or Arkansas and Ugahxpa)
The Sarcee
The Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota)
The Tonkawa
The Wichita
Buffalo Bill Cody featured plains Indians in his Wild West shows beginning in the 1880s.
When Hollywood began making movies, the western was a favorite topic.
They introduced the plains Indians as the stereotypical Native American Indian to the entire world.
When fiction about the American Old West shows Indians, they are usually plains Indians.
"Wind It Up" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani.
It was released on October 31, 2006 as the lead single from Stefani's second studio album "The Sweet Escape".
The song contains a sample from "The Lonely Goatherd" which was originally from The Sound of Music.
UK, German, and Australian CD single
"Wind It Up" (Main Mix) – 3:11
"Wind It Up" (Original Neptunes Mix) – 3:08
"Wind It Up" (Instrumental Mix) – 3:02
"Wind It Up" (video) – 3:11
UK 12" single
Wind It Up" (Main Mix) – 3:11
Wind It Up" (Original Neptunes Mix) – 3:08
Wind It Up" (Instrumental Main Mix) – 3:11
Wind It Up" (Instrumental Neptunes Mix) – 3:10
Alex Dromgoole – assistant engineering
David Emery – assistant engineering
Mark "Spike" Stent – additional production, mixing
Pharrell Williams – songwriting
The Osage are a Midwestern Native American tribe of Plains Indians who historically ruled much of Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas.
The tribe formerly lived in the areas in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys around 1,200 BC.
They then began migrating west due to wars with the invading Iroquois.
The term "Osage" is considered a French name for the tribe which roughly translates into "Mid-Waters".
The Osage people refer to themselves in their own language as Wazhazhe.
At the height of their power in the early 18th century, the Osage had become the dominant power in the region.
They were feared by neighboring tribes as ruthless and "savage" fighters.
The Osage would often practice ritual scalping and beheading as military trophies.
The tribe controlled the area between the Missouri and Red River to the South and were greatly dependent on nomadic buffalo hunting and farming.
The Osage originally lived among the Kansa, Ponca, Omaha, and Quapaw in the Ohio Valley.
Researchers believed that the tribes likely developed differences in their languages and cultures after leaving the lower Ohio country.
The Omaha and Ponca settled in the present-day area of Nebraska, the Kansa in Kansas, and the Quapaw in Arkansas.
The Osage are a federally recognized tribe.
They were forced to move to Indian Territory in the 19th century, and have been based in Oklahoma.
There are 9,400 descendants, 5,620 of which reside in area surrounding Osage county.
Members live both on the nations tribal land in Oklahoma and in other states around the country such as Kansas.
Isenthal is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.
Official Homepage of Isenthal
Shielding is when an electron becomes less attracted to other atoms the further it is away from the nucleus.
This is because the forces holding atoms together become weaker as distance increases.
In group 1 elements
In a reactive metal like sodium, the single electron on an electron shell furthest from the nucleus is more likely to be lost in a reaction with another element.
This is because less energy is needed to pull them away.
Other elements with similar properties like potassium that are lower down on the periodic table than sodium will be even more likely to lose their furthest electron in a reaction.
This is because of the addition of more electron shells between the nucleus and the furthest electron, increasing distance.
In group 17 elements
The shielding effect also happens with elements that have many electrons on their furthest electron shell, for example chlorine.
In this case however, more energy is needed to give the atom an electron.
The amount of energy needed is increased with the number electron shells around the nucleus of the atom, for example in elements further down the periodic table like bromine.
Ádám Csaba Szalai (born 9 December 1987 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian association football forward who currently plays for Hannover 96 on loan from TSG 1899 Hoffenheim and the Hungarian national football team.
He has also played for VfB Stuttgart, Real Madrid Castilla, 1.
FSV Mainz 05, Schalke 04, Budapest Honvéd and Újpest.
Ádám Szalai  – FIFA competition record
The ackee, (Blighia sapida) is a fruit.
It is related to the lychee and the longan.
It is native to tropical West Africa.
The scientific name honours Captain William Bligh who took the fruit from Jamaica to Kew Gardens, England in 1793.
The fruit was imported to Jamaica from West Africa before 1778.
Since then it has become a feature of various Caribbean cuisines, and is cultivated elsewhere in the world.
Atchison is a city and county seat of Atchison County, Kansas, United States, and is along the Missouri River.
As of the 2010 census, its population was 11,021.
The city is named for David Rice Atchison, United States senator from Missouri.
It was the original eastern starting point of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.
Aviator Amelia Earhart was born there.
The Amelia Earhart Festival is held every year in July.
Atchison is also home of Benedictine College, a Catholic liberal-arts college.
Atchison was founded in 1854.
It was named for Senator David Rice Atchison, who, when Kansas was opened for settlement, interested some of his friends in the scheme of forming a city in the new territory.
Senator Atchison was interested in making sure that the population of the new Kansas Territory would be mainly pro-slavery.
He had been a prominent promoter of both slavery and the idea of popular sovereignty over the issue in the new lands.
However, it seems that all were not agreed upon the location he had selected.
On July 20, 1854, Dr. John H. Stringfellow, Ira Norris, Leonidas Oldham, James B. Martin and Neal Owens left Platte City, Missouri, to decide definitely upon a site.
They found a site that was the natural outlet of a remarkably rich agricultural region just open to settlement.
Eighteen persons were present when the town company was formally organized by electing Peter T. Abell, president.
James Burns was elected treasurer.
Dr. Stringfellow was elected the town secretary.
At the outbreak of the American Civil War there were three militia companies organized in Atchison.
They joined other Kansas regiments.
They were known as Companies A, C and “At All Hazards”.
Early in September 1861, a home guard was organized in the town to protect it in case of invasion from Missouri.
On the 15th of the month another company was raised, which later became a state regiment.
In 1863 the city of Atchison raised $4,000 to assist the soldiers from the county.
After the Lawrence Massacre a like sum was raised to assist the stricken people of that city.
Citizens of the town also joined the vigilance committees that aided the civil authorities in protection against raiding and the lawless bands of thieves that infested the border counties.
During the war, Atchison was also the headquarters of numerous bands of jayhawkers.
This included the notorious Charles Metz, who was known as "Cleveland".
Metz, a former prisoner at the Missouri State Penitentiary, selected Atchison as his headquarters for raids into Missouri.
He was accepted with open arms by the people of the town.
During his period of operations, he stole hundreds of horses from Missouri farmers and sold them in Kansas.
He robbed any suspected southern sympathizer and threatened several leading citizens with murder and robbery if they remained in town.
He even ran off the first president of Atchison, P.T. Abell, who was forced into exile until after the Civil War ended.
He defied all authorities but was finally shot and killed at some point in 1862.
He is buried in St. Joseph, Missouri.
Cities in Atchison County, Kansas
The New-York Tribune was an American newspaper.
It was founded by Horace Greeley as a Whig Party penny newspaper in April 1841.
Between 1842 and 1866, the newspaper was called the New-York Daily Tribune.
The tribune not only reported the news, it covered subjects such as politics, literary works, social reform and intellectual achievements.
Greeley, through the Tribune, supported the beginnings of Republican Party.
In 1860 the Tribune supported Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States and during the Civil War.
However, the paper opposed his reelection in 1864.
For some time the paper had the largest circulation in the United States.
The Tribune's editorials were widely read and helped shape national opinion.
In 1924 it was merged with the New York Herald to form the New York Herald Tribune.
It remained a major US daily newspaper until it ended publication in 1966.
New York NY Tribune.
Pdf copies of all issues 1841–1924
Gals () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
The Pawnee are a Native American Plains Indians tribe.
They lived mainly in what is now Nebraska and Kansas.
Unlike other tribes of the Great Plains, they were semi-nomadic people.
They were hunters and farmers.
The Pawnee farmed for most of the year and lived in earth lodges.
During the buffalo hunting season, they lived in tepees so they could follow the herds.
In the early 1800s their main village was on the south side of the Platte River (Nebraska).
They raised crops including beans, corn, pumpkins, squashes and sunflowers.
The powerful Pawnee tribe had four individual bands.
These were the Chaui (Grand), the Kitkehaki (Republican Pawnees), Pitahauerat (Tapage Pawnees) and the Skidi (Loup or Wolf Pawnees).
They were a fierce people who used war paint and tattoos to intimidate their enemies.
The Pawnee took scalps in battle.
Pawnee war parties often rode out on scalping missions against other tribes.
The Pawnee also practiced human sacrifice.
Most often this took the form of ritually killing a young captive girl in a five-day ceremony.
She was sacrificed to the Morning Star.
The last known ritual killing was of a girl in the mid-18th century.
The Pawnee were the largest tribe to have lived in Nebraska.
They were one of the earliest tribes to come to the area.
Estimates are that there were between 10,000 and 12,000 Pawnee in Nebraska by 1800.
They had little to fear from their enemies because they were a large tribe.
But smallpox and other diseases aswell as warfare with the Sioux reduced their numbers significantly in the early 1800s.
They were finally removed to Oklahoma in the 1870s.
The Pawnee Morning Star Ceremony
The Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma
The nebula is catalogued as Messier 16 (M16), and as NGC 6611.
It is also called the Star Queen nebula and The Spire.
These last names refer to visual impressions of the dark patch near the center of the nebula.