the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Albuterol is a very common bronchodilator and is carried on many ambulances.
Bronchodilators can be given in inhalers or in a nebulizer (which mixes the medicine with warm water to make the medicine into steam).
Stridor
Stridor is a high-pitched sound that usually happens when a person breathes in.
It may sound a lot like wheezing.
Medical professionals can tell the difference by listening to the throat with a stethoscope.
If the sound they hear is louder in the throat, it is stridor, not wheezing.
Stridor is usually caused by something blocking the larynx (voice box).
This can happen because:
A person is choking and an object is blocking the larynx
A person has an infection, and swelling in the throat or airways blocks the larynx
The muscles in the airway or vocal cords spasm (suddenly get tighter); this is called laryngospasm
Helping a person stop choking by using choke saving (like the Heimlich maneuver)
Treating the infection that is causing swelling in the larynx
Giving medicines to help the muscles in the airway or vocal cords relax
No matter what the cause is, giving extra oxygen may also help
Children are more likely to have stridor because of choking.
They are more likely to choke because their airways are smaller.
They are also more likely to get childhood infections like croup or epiglottitis that can cause stridor.
Rales (fine crackles)
Rales are also called fine crackles, because they often sound like a fine crackling noise.
They are heard when a person breathes in, on both sides (in both lungs).
Rales may also sound like bubbling, rattling, or small clicking sounds.
Rales are heard when a person has fluid in their lungs.
This is called pulmonary edema.
Pulmonary edema may happen for many reasons, like:
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Pneumonia or other infections in the lungs
Injury to the lung
Blood clot in the lung (pulmonary embolism)
Breathing in smoke
Rales signals pulmonary edema, no matter what is causing that pulmonary edema.
When a medical professional listens to the lungs, rales usually start at the bottom of the lungs.
As the pulmonary edema gets worse and fluid fills the lungs more, rales can be heard closer and closer to the top of the lungs.
Rhonchi (coarse crackles)
Rhonchi are also called coarse crackles, because they sound like coarse, rattling, crackling sounds.
Rhonchi and rales can sound a lot alike.
The main differences are:
Rales start at the bottom of the lungs and can be heard farther up as the patient gets sicker.
They are heard on both sides (in both lungs) together.
Rhonchi are often heard just in certain spots in the lungs.
They do not always start at the bottom of the lungs.
They may be heard only on one side, or in different spots on both sides.
Rhonchi are usually caused by mucus in the bronchi, the tubes that lead to the lungs.
For example, if a person has pneumonia, mucus can build up in their bronchi and the bronchi's airways, and cause rhonchi.
Unequal breath sounds
In a healthy person, breath sounds should always sound the same on both sides.
This signals that both lungs are working well.
If breath sounds cannot be heard in one lung, this can signal a serious problem.
It means that air is not getting in and out of that lung.
One of the most common causes of unequal breath sounds is a collapsed lung (pneumothorax).
A lung can collapse for many different reasons:
A very bad injury to the lung
Lung diseases like asthma, COPD, tuberculosis (TB), whooping cough, pneumonia, or cystic fibrosis
Sometimes air blisters called blebs form on the top of the lungs.
If these air blisters break, air can leak out of the lungs and cause the lung to collapse.
Sometimes, a lung can collapse on its own.
This is called a spontaneous pneumothorax.
Conversation Peace is the 22nd album released by American musician Stevie Wonder.
It was released on the Motown label in 1995.
The album was Wonder's first studio album since 1987's Characters.
The album was going to be released in 1993, which was the last year new jack swing was popular, but Wonder continued to work on the album through to 1995 and the album wasn't contemporary enough to get radio airplay.
It had three singles, "For Your Love", "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" and "Treat Myself".
"Rain Your Love Down" – 6:08
"Edge of Eternity" – 6:01
"Taboo to Love" – 4:25
"Take the Time Out" – 5:05
"I'm New" – 5:41
"My Love Is with You" – 5:54
"Treat Myself" (Wonder, Stephanie Andrews) – 4:55
"Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:46
"Sensuous Whisper" – 5:47
"For Your Love" – 5:00
"Cold Chill" – 6:53
"Sorry" – 6:45
"Conversation Peace" – 6:39
Anita Baker – Background vocals
Ollie Brown – Conductor
Lenny Castro – Percussion
Ernie Fields, Jr. – Tenor saxophone
Ladysmith Black Mambazo – Background vocals
Robert Margouleff – Mixing
Branford Marsalis – Saxophone
Greg Phillinganes – Keyboards
Melvin "Wah Wah" Ragin – Guitar
Nathan Watts – Bass, background vocals, associate producer
Deniece Williams – Background vocals
The Winans - Background vocals
Stevie Wonder – Guitar, arranger, keyboards, vocals, background vocals, multi instruments, mixing
Syreeta Wright – Background vocals
Take 6 - Background vocals
is a fictional character in the Metroid video game series.
Ridley is a draconic extraterrestrial and an archenemy of Samus Aran.
Ridley led an attack on Samus's home planet of K-2L which destroyed the world and killed her parents.
Ridley appears in his metal form in Metroid Prime and Prime 3: Corruption.
Ridley has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications.
Nintendo Power ranked Ridley at #6 on their list of favorite Nintendo villains.
Jesse Schedeen of IGN called Ridley the real villain of the Metroid series, saying that they would have to include him in a Metroid movie because he would be too important to leave out.
Ridley has also appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series as a boss in Brawl'''s Subspace Emissary mode and as a boss on the Pyrosphere stage in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''.
He can help the player who damages him enough on the Pyrosphere stage.
Overcome is the debut studio album by English singer Alexandra Burke.
It was released 19 October 2009 on Syco Music.
It was released a year after Burke won the British talent show, The X Factor.
It was also re-released in 2010 with a new artwork and three extra songs.
Overcome has received mainly positive reviews.
Information taken from Overcome liner notes.
Alexandra Burke albums
Sulfur (S) is an element important to ecosystems and the climate.
The majority of sulfur is stored underground, for example under the ocean or in rocks.
It also occurs naturally in places like swamps (where organisms have decomposed) and volcanoes.
Humans add excess sulfur into this cycle, usually through atmospheric pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion.
Steps of the sulfur cycle
As rocks are worn down by erosion they release sulfur that was once stored, becoming SO4 once it touches the air
Plants absorb this sulfur through photosynthesis and make this sulfur organic
Animals, specifically herbivores and omnivores consume the sulfur when they eat the plants
Sulfur moves through the food chain as secondary consumers and tertiary consumers eat the primary consumers
When animals and plants die, the sulfur dissipates into the atmosphere as sulfate and also through the body of the decomposers
The sulfur in the atmosphere is returned to the soil and water cycle when it rains
Sulfur can also be naturally released when volcanoes explode.
The hydrological cycle plays a critical role in moving sulfur around.
Human Impact on the sulfur cycle
Humans are responsible for 1/3 of the sulfur in the atmosphere.
Sulfur is released by the combustion of fossil fuels, as mentioned above, and is most prevalent as sulfur dioxide.
Sulfur is one of the root causes of acid rain along with nitrogen and carbon which negatively affects the environment.
Acid rain is created when the H2O falls and combines with the Sulfur trioxide to create Sulfuric acid.
Sulfuric acid is also used in most fertilizers and so can be introduced into the water cycle from runoff off of nearby farms into rivers and lakes.
This causes eutrophication and algal blooms, and so reduced the Dissolved oxygen and biodiversity in that water system.
Sulfur in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide also absorbs radiation, however which keeps the earth's surface cooler and combats some of the effects of global warming.
The State flag of Azad Jammu and Kashmir traditionally displays the Pakistani national colours, white and dark Green, with a Crescent and star to represent the Muslim-majority all of which shows its Islamic heritage and strong ties with the Federation of Pakistan.
It also has a saffron square to represent the Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh and other minorities of the disputed region, the colours are clearly influenced by the Mughal Empire.
The four white stripes symbolizes the main rivers of  the Kashmir region; Indus (National River of Pakistan), Jhelum, Chenab and Ravi.
It also represents the five geographic divisions of the Disputed territory, namely, Baltistan, Gilgit, Jammu, the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh.
Flag of Pakistan (Federal)
AJK emblem
List of Pakistani flags
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2015.
December 1 - Joseph Engelberger, 90, American engineer and inventor, complications from a stroke.
December 1 - Robert E. Glennen, 82, American academic, President of Emporia State University (1985–1997).
December 1 - Jim Loscutoff, 85, American basketball player (Boston Celtics), complications of pneumonia and Parkinson's disease.
December 2 - Sandy Berger, 70, American political consultant, United States National Security Advisor (1997–2001), cancer of unknown primary origin.
December 2 - Ferenc Juhász, 87, Hungarian poet, stroke.
December 2 - Gabriele Ferzetti, 90, Italian actor (L'Avventura, On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Once Upon a Time in the West).
December 2 - George T. Sakato, 94, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient.
December 3 - Scott Weiland, 48, American musician (Stone Temple Pilots, Velvet Revolver, The Wondergirls), accidental drug and alcohol overdose.
December 4 - Bill Bennett, 83, Canadian politician, Premier of British Columbia  (1975–1986), Alzheimer's disease.
December 4 - Robert Loggia, 85, American actor (Jagged Edge, Scarface, Big), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
December 4 - Yossi Sarid, 75, Israeli politician, member of Knesset (1974–2006), Minister of Environment (1992–1996) and Education (1999–2000), heart attack.
December 4 - Dag Skogheim, 87, Norwegian writer, complications from a stroke.
December 4 - Erik De Vlaeminck, 70, Belgian cyclist, seven-time world-champion cyclo-cross (1966, 1968–1973).
December 5 - William McIlvanney, 79, Scottish novelist and poet, complications from Alzheimer's disease.
December 5 - Marília Pêra, 72, Brazilian actress (Pixote, Better Days Ahead), lung cancer.
December 5 - Siddhi Savetsila, 96, Thai politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1980–1990), Deputy Prime Minister (1986).
December 5 - Dimitar Iliev Popov, 88, Bulgarian politician, Prime Minister (1990-1991).
December 6 - Holly Woodlawn, 69, Puerto Rican actress and Warhol superstar, lung and liver cancer.
December 6 - Nicholas Smith, 81, British actor (Are You Being Served?,
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, Doctor Who), complications from a fall.
December 7 - Ko Chun-hsiung, 70, Taiwanese actor and politician, lung cancer.
December 7 - Martin E. Brooks.
90, American actor (The Six Million Dollar Man, The Bionic Woman).
December 7 - Shirley Stelfox, 74, English actress (Emmerdale, Keeping Up Appearances, Coronation Street), cancer.
December 8 - Alan Hodgkinson, 79, English footballer (Sheffield United).
December 8 - Elsie Tu, 102, English-born Hong Kong social activist, member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1988–1995).
December 8 - Mattiwilda Dobbs, 90, American coloratura soprano.
December 8 - John Trudell, 69, American activist and poet, cancer.
December 8 - Bonnie Lou, 91, American country singer, complications from dementia.
December 8 - Douglas Tompkins, 72, American conservationist and businessman, co-founder of The North Face and Esprit, hypothermia following kayak accident.
December 9 - Rusty Jones, 73, American jazz drummer.
December 10 - Ron Bouchard, 66, American NASCAR driver, cancer.
December 10 - Dolph Schayes, 87, American basketball player and coach (Philadelphia 76ers), cancer.
December 10 - Arnold Peralta, 26, Honduran footballer (national team, Rangers F.C.), shot.
December 11 - Jiří Paďour, 72, Czech Catholic prelate, Bishop of České Budějovice (2002–2014).
December 11 - H. Arnold Steinberg, 82, Canadian business and educational administrator, Chancellor of McGill University (2009–2014), heart attack.
December 12 - Evelyn S. Lieberman, 71, American public affairs professional, White House Deputy Chief of Staff (1996), pancreatic cancer.
December 12 - Abu Ali al-Anbari, Iraqi general and ISIL-governor, killed in an airstrike.
December 13 - Benedict Anderson, 79, American academic and writer (Imagined Communities), heart failure.
December 13 - John Bannon, 72, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (1982–1992), cancer.
December 14 - Vadym Tyshchenko, 52, Ukrainian football player (Karpaty, Dnipro) and manager (Dnipro), heart attack.
December 14 - Armando Cossutta, 89, Italian politician, member of the European Parliament (1999-2004), bronchopneumonia.
December 14 - Lillian Vernon, 88, German-born American businesswoman (Lillian Vernon), congestive heart failure.
December 15 - Milton Ballantyne, 87, Australian politician, member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly (1974–1980).
December 15 - Licio Gelli, 96, Italian financier, Venerable Master of the Propaganda Due lodge, respiratory failure.
December 15 - Harry Zvi Tabor, 98, British-born Israeli physicist.
December 16 - Gabre Gabric, 101, Croatian-born Italian track and field athlete.
December 16 - Peter Dickinson, 88, British author and poet.
December 17 - Buckshot Hoffner, 91, American politician, heart failure.
December 18 - Hal Brown, 91, American baseball player (Boston Red Sox, Baltimore Orioles, Houston Colt .45s).
December 18 - Helge Solum Larsen, 46, Norwegian politician, deputy leader of Venstre (2010–2012).
December 19 - Jimmy Hill, 87, English footballer (Fulham), manager, trade union leader (Professional Footballers' Association) and TV presenter (Match of the Day), Alzheimer's disease.
December 19 - Kurt Masur, 88, German conductor, Parkinson's disease.
December 19 - Greville Janner, 87, British politician, Member of Parliament for Leicester West (1970–1997), Alzheimer's disease.
December 19 - Dickie Moore, 84, Canadian ice hockey player (Montreal Canadiens), prostate cancer.
December 19 - Selma Reis, 55, Brazilian actress and singer, brain cancer.
December 19 - Karin Söder, 87, Swedish politician, leader of Center Party (1985–1987), Minister for Health and Social Affairs (1979–1982), Minister for Foreign Affairs (1976–1978).
December 19 - Fernande Gruget, 92, famous French pimp
December 20 - Ray Mathews, 86, American football player (Pittsburgh Steelers), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
December 20 - Patricia Elliott, 77, American actress (A Little Night Music, One Life to Live), cancer.
December 21 - Jan Góra, 67, Polish Roman Catholic Dominican priest, heart attack.
December 21 - Carol Burns, 68, Australian actress (Prisoner), cancer.
December 22 - Peter Lundblad, 65, Swedish singer ("Ta mig till havet"), prostate cancer.
December 22 - Freda Meissner-Blau, 88, Austrian politician, founder of The Greens – The Green Alternative, complications from a stroke.
December 22 - Rolf Bossi, 92, German lawyer.
December 23 - Hocine Aït Ahmed, 89, Algerian politician, founder and leader of Socialist Forces Front.
December 23 - Don Howe, 80, English football player (West Bromwich Albion, Arsenal) and coach (national team).
December 23 - Bülent Ulusu, 92, Turkish politician, Prime Minister (1980–1983).
December 23 - Jean-Marie Pelt, 82, French biologist, heart attack.
December 23 - Alfred G. Gilman, 74, American pharmacologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate, pancreatic cancer.
December 24 - Adriana Olguín, 104, Chilean lawyer and politician, Minister of Justice (1952).
December 24 - Ron Jacobs, 72, American basketball coach (Loyola Marymount University, Northern Cement, Philippine national team), complications from a stroke.
December 25 - Robert Spitzer, 83, American psychiatrist and educator, heart disease.
December 25 - Sadhana Shivdasani, 74, Indian movie actress (Love in Simla, Woh Kaun Thi, Hum Dono), cancer.
December 25 - Ali Eid, 75, Lebanese politician, General Secretary of the Arab Democratic Party (since 1972). (
December 25 - George Clayton Johnson, 86, American science fiction writer (Logan's Run, The Twilight Zone, Star Trek), prostate and bladder cancer.
December 26 - Jim O'Toole, 78, American baseball player (Cincinnati Reds).
December 27 - Haskell Wexler, 93, American cinematographer (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?,
Bound for Glory) and movie director (Medium Cool), Academy Award winner (1966, 1976).
December 27 - Dave Henderson, 57, American baseball player (Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox, Oakland Athletics), heart attack.
December 27 - Ellsworth Kelly, 92, American artist, respiratory failure.
December 27 - Alfredo Pacheco, 33, Salvadoran footballer (FAS, New York Red Bulls, national team), shot.
December 27 - Meadowlark Lemon, 83, American basketball player (Harlem Globetrotters).
December 27 - Stein Eriksen, 88, Norwegian alpine skier, Olympic champion (1952).
December 27 - Gabriel Tambon, 85, French politician, Mayor of Le Castellet, Var (since 1965).
December 28 - Pierre-Marie Rudelle, 83, French painter.
December 28 - Joe Houston, 89, American jazz and R&B saxophonist, complications from a stroke.
December 28 - Lemmy, 70, English rock musician (Motörhead, Hawkwind), lung cancer.
December 28 - Eloy Inos, 66, Northern Mariana Islands politician, Governor (since 2013), complications after heart surgery.
December 28 - Ian Murdock, 42, American software engineer, founder of the Debian Project.
December 29 - Pavel Srníček, 47, Czech football goalkeeper (Newcastle United, national team), complications from a heart attack.
December 29 - Elżbieta Krzesińska, 81, Polish retired track and field athlete.
December 29 - Frank Malzone, 85, American baseball player (Boston Red Sox, California Angels).
December 29 - Kim Yang-gon, 73, North Korean senior politician, car accident.
December 30 - Mangesh Padgaonkar, 86, Indian poet.
December 30 - Doug Atkins, 85, American football player (Cleveland Browns, Chicago Bears, New Orleans Saints).
December 30 - Howard Pawley, 81, Canadian politician, Premier of Manitoba (1981–1988).
December 30 - Howard Davis, Jr., 59, American boxer, lung cancer.
December 30 - Åge Nordkild, 63, Norwegian politician, Member of the Sami Parliament (2001–2005, 2009–2013).
December 31 - Marvin Panch, 89, American racing driver.
December 31 - Wayne Rogers, 82, American actor (M*A*S*H), complications from pneumonia.
December 31 - Natalie Cole, 65, American Grammy Award-winning singer ("This Will Be", Unforgettable... with Love) and actress, congestive heart failure.
December 31 - Dal Richards, 97, Canadian big band leader, prostate cancer.
December 31 - Steve Gohouri, 34, Ivorian footballer (Paris Saint-Germain F.C., Borussia Mönchengladbach, Wigan Athletic F.C.). (
December 31 - Beth Howland, 74, American actress (Alice), lung cancer.
Oʻtkir Toʻxtamurodovich Sultonov (Russian: Уткир Тухтамурадович Султанов, Utkir Tukhtamuradovich Sultanov)  (14 July 1939 – 29 November 2015) was an Uzbek politician.
He was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 21 December 1995 until 12 December 2003.
Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan
Claire Anita Aho (2 November 1925 – 29 November 2015) was a pioneering Finnish-born Swedish photographer.
She started her career in the 1940s at the Aho & Soldan company.
Aho moved to Sweden in 1974 where she worked as an photographer for several newspapers including Hufvudstadsbladet and with Nordic Museum.
Aho died in Stockholm on 29 November 2015 in a fire in her home.
She was 90 years old.
Anemone coronaria (Palestinian poppy or Spanish marigold)  is a flowering plant in the genus Anemone.
It is the national flower of Palestine.
Anemone coronaria is widely grown for its decorative flowers.
Numerous cultivars have been selected and named.
was a Japanese manga artist.
He was born in Sakaiminato, Tottori.
Mizuki was mostly known for his Japanese horror manga GeGeGe no Kitarō.
"Drawing from Experience", Japan Times, February 6, 2005, last accessed in March 22, 2012.
Mizuki Production website
Sakaiminato: The town where you can meet Kitaro
Shigeru Mizuki Road, Shigeru Mizuki Museum , photos
Japan Focus: War and Japan: The Non-Fiction Manga of Mizuki Shigeru
Gerrit Holdijk (17 November 1944 –  30 November 2015) was a Dutch jurist and politician.
He was born in Uddel.
He was a member of the Reformed Political Party (SGP).
He was a member of the States-Provincial of Gelderland from 1987 to 2011.
He was also a member of the Senate from 1986 to 1987 and again from 1991 to 2015.
Senate biography
Reformed Political Party politicians
He won the 1978 Prix Mallarmé for Poems: 1955–1975.
He won the 1975 Prix Renaudot for L'Homme de sable.
Joubert was born in Châlette-sur-Loing, Loiret.
Jean Joubert biography
Trophic levels categorize organisms into different levels of the food chain.
The first trophic level are producers, or autotrophs.
Phosphorus in fertilizer, rocks, and mountains is distributed by rain to nearby land and bodies of water
Animals eat the plants grown by fertilizer.
They expel the phosphorus as waste.
It eventually reaches the water as runoff.
Phosphorus is cycled through animals that live in water.
It is eventually deposited into the ocean floor.
Phosphates contribute to the sediment at the bottom of the water.
That sediment becomes rock
The ocean bed eventually becomes a mountain range over several millions of years because of normal geological functions
The phosphorus in those mountain ranges is washed off into bodies of water and the cycle begins again and again.
Friedland, Andrew J., Rick Relyea, and David Courard-Hauri. "
The Phosphorus Cycle."
Environmental Science for AP*.
New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012.
N. pag.
I, Robot is a collection of nine science fiction short stories by Isaac Asimov.
The stories originally appeared in the American magazines Super Science Stories and Astounding Science Fiction between 1940 and 1950 and were compiled into a book in 1950.
The stories follow on from each other and are linked with a framing narrative; that is, a story that ranges over all the stories and connects them.
The stories are all about positronic robots.
Asimov originally wanted to call the collection Mind and Iron.
This story tells of 'Robbie', who is a mute robot (he can hear and obey commands but cannot speak).
He is used as a nursemaid for a young girl, Gloria Weston.
He is faster moving and more powerful than a human, so he is able to rescue Gloria when she is nearly run down by a fast-moving vehicle in a factory she is visiting with her Parents.
Robot SPD-13, known as Speedy, works in a mine on the planet Mercury.
The two engineers supervising him, Gregory Powell and Michael Donovan, find that he is not working properly and gets lost.
What has happened is that Speedy's brain is confused when he senses danger and he doesn't know which Laws to obey.
He must be rescued by Powell and Donovan at the risk of their own lives.
Robot QT1, known as Cutie, works on a space station.
He decides that he can do the job much better than the humans working with them, so he locks them up and takes charge.
He does indeed do his job perfectly.
Robot DV-5, known as Dave, works in a mine on an asteroid, but all is not well.
The robot is in charge of five smaller less intelligent robots and cannot cope with the responsibility.
Powell and Donovan must help Dave to work well before they are buried alive in the mine.
Robot RB-34, known as Herbie, is manufactured with a fault - it reads human minds.
This brings it into conflict with Susan Calvin, to whom it tells a lie, which is not allowed by the Three Laws of Robotics.
But it is just what Calvin thinks she wants to hear.
Upset by this, she decides that Herbie is useless as a robot and must be dismantled.
An unnamed robot working on an asteroid vanishes.
Susan Calvin and her co-workers must find it before it escapes.
A powerful robot known only as The Brain designs and builds a spaceship that can travel faster than light.
When it is finished, Powell and Donovan go on board and take off into space, but the ship doesn't work properly because the Brain doesn't really understand what it has built.
The Brain plays a joke on the two men, giving them only baked beans to eat and building no controls for them to use.
But eventually, they return safely to Earth.
A lawyer, Stephen Byerley, hopes to be elected mayor of a city, but his opponent puts out a story that the man is really a robot, who is not allowed to stand for elected office.
Byerley is elected anyway, but no-one knows if he really is a robot.
Several years later, Byerley has been elected World Coordinator.
He discovers that The Machines, very powerful robots that are supposed to help humans to live in peace on Earth, have taken over the control of the planet and the reason that they did that is because the Three Laws of Robotics don’t let them allow humans to get hurt and they Machines realized that they were better at keeping people safe than people are.
New York: Gnome Press, (trade paperback "Armed Forces Edition", 1951)
New York: Grosset & Dunlap, (hardcover, 1952)
London: Grayson, (hardcover, 1952)
British SF Book Club, (hardcover, 1954)
New York: Signet Books, (mass market paperback, 1956)
New York: Doubleday, (hardcover, 1963)
London: Dobson, (hardcover, 1967)
ISBN 0-449-23949-7 (mass market paperback, 1970)
ISBN 0-345-31482-4 (mass market paperback, 1983)
ISBN 0-606-17134-7 (prebound, 1991)
ISBN 0-553-29438-5 (mass market paperback, 1991)
ISBN 1-4014-0039-6 (e-book, 2001)
ISBN 1-4014-0038-8 (e-book, 2001)
ISBN 0-553-80370-0 (hardcover, 2004)
ISBN 91-27-11227-6 (hardcover, 2005)
ISBN 0-7857-7338-X (hardcover)
ISBN 0-00-711963-1 (paperback, UK, new edition)
ISBN 0-586-02532-4 (paperback, UK)
2004 film
The film I, Robot, starring Will Smith, was released by Twentieth Century Fox on July 16, 2004 in the United States.
Its plot incorporates elements of "Little Lost Robot," some of Asimov's character names and the Three Laws.
However, the plot of the movie is mostly original work adapted from a screenplay Hardwired by Jeff Vintar completely unlinked to Asimov's stories, and has been compared to Asimov's The Caves of Steel, which revolves around the murder of a roboticist.
The Kirthar Mountains  are in Balochistan and the Sindh provinces of Pakistan.
The range extends south for about 190 miles (300 km) from the Mula River in east-central Balochistan to Cape Monze (Muari), near Mubarak Village, Karachi on the Arabian Sea.
Kirthar National Park is one of the major wildlife reserves in Sindh, Pakistan.
The Kirthar Range forms the boundary between the Lower Indus Plain (east) and southern Balochistan (west).
It is a series of parallel rock hill ridges rising from 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in the south to nearly 8,000 feet (2,500 m) in the north.
Eddie Steeples (born November 25, 1973) is an American actor.
He is known for his roles as the Rubberband Man in an advertising campaign for OfficeMax, and as Darnell Turner in the NBC comedy My Name Is Earl.
Üsküdar University is a university in Istanbul, Turkey.
It was founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation.
It is the first university of Turkey for the study of Behavioral Health and Sciences.
Faculty & Institute
Communication Faculty
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES
He was born in Merzifon in 1952.
He finished Kuleli Military High School in 1969 and graduated from Cerrahpaşa Medical School Istanbul University in 1975.
Following his internship at GATA (Gülhane Military Medical Academy) he worked in Cyprus and Bursa garrisons at different military medical institutions.
In 1982 he became a specialist psychiatrist at GATA.
After his clinical services as a specialist at Erzincan and Çorlu Hospitals, he became an assistant professor(1988), an associate professor (1990) at GATA Haydarpaşa.
He was promoted to colonel in 1993 and became a professor in 1996.
Between 1996 – 1999 he worked at  Yüzüncü Yıl University as faculty member and as an expert at Forensic Institution.
He got retired on his own will.
He took the representation of  "Memory Center of America" in Turkey in 1998.
He has more than a hundred publications 31 of which are international.
He speaks English and German.
Romantic orientation, also called affectional orientation, indicates the sex or gender that a person is most likely to have a romantic relationship with.
It is compared to the term sexual orientation.
Romantic orientation is based on the idea that sexual attraction is one component of a larger picture.
For example, although a pansexual person may feel sexually attracted to multiple genders, they may be predisposed to romantic intimacy with females.
For asexual people, romantic orientation is often considered a more useful measure of attraction than sexual orientation.
Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the atmosphere.
One method of sequestration is by capturing CO2 produced by power plants and factories before they release it into the atmosphere.
When the CO2 gas is in long-term storage, that means it has been sequestered.
Carbon sequestration aims to assist in elimination of human introduced carbon from Earth's atmosphere by disrupting the carbon cycle.
It is also used to prevent future human caused climate change.
There are two long-term ways to remove CO2 from the atmosphere:
Terrestrial Sequestration- plants and trees store CO2 in their bodies and in their roots.
geologic sequestration- bury the CO2 thousands of feet underground.
Arsenal Stadium was a football stadium.
It was commonly known as Highbury Stadium, or simply Highbury.
It was the home stadium of Arsenal Football Club from 1913 until 2006.
Highbury Square Official website of the redevelopment project
St Denys' Church, Sleaford is a medieval church located in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England.
The oldest parts of the present building are the tower and spire.
The spire stands 144 feet (44 metres) tall.
A window tracery is dated to about the late 13th century.
The Gothic nave, aisles and north transept were built in the 14th century.
The church is a Grade I listed building, a term given to "buildings of exceptional interest".
The Palestine sunbird (Cinnyris osea) is a bird native to the Middle East and Africa.
The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a bird from Europe and Asia.
It used to be considered a thrush, but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher.
The currawong is a type of bird from Australasia.
They form the genus Strepera, which belongs to the Artamidae family of birds.
There are three species of currawong.
Karpathos is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
It is one of the Greek Dodecanese islands, in the southeastern Aegean.
Together with the neighboring smaller Saria Island it forms the municipality of Karpathos.
This in turn is part of the Karpathos regional unit.
Because of its remote location, Karpathos has preserved many peculiarities of clothing, customs and dialect.
The dialect is very similar to that of Crete and Cyprus.
The island has also been called  Carpathus in Latin, Scarpanto in Italian and Kerpe in Turkish.
Syros is a Greek island.
It is in the Aegean Sea.
Sometimes the name of the island is spelled Siros or Syra.
Syros is located  south-east of Athens.
Ermoupoli is the capital of the island.
On 24 November 2015, a bus carrying Tunisian presidential guards exploded, killing 12, on a principal road in Tunis.
After the attack, President Beji Caid Essebsi issued a state of emergency in Tunisia.
ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.
The bomber, who killed himself in the attack, was identified as Houssem Abdelli.
2015 bombing
Tedim language is a language of India and Burma.
It is a Kukish language.
Yoka Berretty (8 May 1928 – 28 November 2015) was a Dutch actress.
Berretty was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
She appeared in 35 movie and television shows between 1954 and 2000.
She was known for her roles in Makkers Staakt uw Wild Geraas (1960), The Silent Raid (1962), Charlotte (1981), and in Punk Lawyer (1996)
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in  Mali may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents.
According to the 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project, 98% of Malian adults do not believe that homosexuality is acceptable by society.
This was one of the highest rate of non-acceptance in the 45 countries surveyed.
Same-sex sexual activity is not a crime in Mali.
But according to a 2013 report on Human Rights in Mali "the law prohibits association 'for an immoral purpose'".
About 90% of Mali's population is Muslim.
Mali has long been attacked by Islamic rebels and militants.
This has put gays at risk.
In 2013 Islamist extremists took over the northern part of Mali.
France sent 3,500 troops to help Mali.
The extremists took over the town of Gao and enforced strict Sharia law.
This religious law of Islam punishes  gay men by execution.
French troops were able to rescue two Malian men who were about to be executed for homosexuality.
Kurri started his ice hockey career in the junior team of Jokerit.
Already in age of 17, he played in Jokerit team adults.
He also played for Finnish Junior National Team in 1978, 1979, and 1980.
He played on the Olympic Finland team in 1980.
In 1980 he was invited to play for Edmonton Oilers in Canada.
There he played with Wayne Gretzky for 8 seasons until Gretzky moved to Los Angeles.
They became famous.
Oilers won Stanley Cup 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990.
Later Kurri played for Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Colorado Avalanche.
Because Kurri was most years continuing his NHL term in North America in Stanley Cup playoffs, he could not play for Finland National tesm very often.
However he was in Olympic Games in Nagano 1998, and got a bronze medal.
Boris II of Bulgaria was an emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria.
He was emperor from 969 to 971.
His father was Peter I of Bulgaria.
When Peter died in 969, his son Boris was being held in Constantinople by the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II.
The Byzantines apparently allowed Boris to return to Bulgaria.
When he arrived he was immediately proclaimed Tzar Boris II.
Sviatoslav I of Kiev, who had earlier subdued parts of Bulgaria, returned in August 969 and subdued the remaining parts of Bulgaria.
He allied himself to Boris II in order to get his Bulgarian soldiers to fight against the Byzantines.
The new Byzantine Emperor, John I Tzimisces invaded Bulgaria.
By the end of 971 all of Bulgaria was in Byzantine hands.
By that time Boris II had abdicated.
977 deaths
Olaf I Tryggvason (–1000) was the King of Norway from 995 - 1000.
He began his career as a Viking in exile.
He was a brutal king who forced Christianity on his people.
Olaf was the son of king Tryggve Olafsson of Norway and grandson of Harald Fairhair, the first king of all Norway.
According to tradition, Gunhild, wife of Eric Bloodaxe, wanted him killed.
Instead he and his mother were sold as slaves.
When they were freed, he ended up in Russia where he grew up.
He commanded the mercenary troops  of Vladimir the Great in Kiev.
In 985 he led his Vikings through the Baltic Sea in a raid on the British Isles.
He won the Battle of Maldon in 991.
He and Sweyn Forkbeard, the two leaders, received a payment from the English of  of money (in gold and silver).
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he accepted the Christian faith just after a failed attack on London in 994.
Rich, newly converted and with many followers, he decided to return to Norway to spread Christianity.
In the autumn of 995 he arrived in Norway.
He was accepted as King and began the process of converting the people to the new Christian faith.
Olaf did this by force.
He looted and burned pagan temples.
He forced entire communities to become Christian or die.
However, many of his pagan subjects chose death over giving up their beliefs.
Finally, in the year 1000, his enemies joined forces, attacked and killed him at a place named "Svolder".
Stephen Gregory "Greg" Fisk (September 26, 1945 – November 30, 2015) was an American politician.
He was the 13th mayor of Juneau, Alaska, the state capital of Alaska.
Before being elected, Fisk had worked as a fisheries consultant.
He was elected over incumbent Merrill Sanford by a wide margin in October 2015.
People from Juneau, Alaska
Jo Kristine "Kaye" Celera-Revil (born April 6, 1982) is a Filipino politician.
She is the current Vice Governor of Masbate Province in the Philippines.
Prior to that, she was elected as a board member of the Second district of Masbate in the 2013 elections.
She was the regional chairperson of Provincial Board Members' League of the Philippines.
Revil is a graduate of the University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman.
She received her Juris Doctor at the Ateneo de Manila University School of Law.
The Congo peafowl (Afropavo congensis), known locally as the mbulu, is a species of peafowl.
It is native to the Congo Basin.
It is one of three living species of peafowl, the other two being the Indian peafowl (originally of India and Sri Lanka) and the green peafowl (native to Burma and Indochina).
Robertlandy Simón Aties (born 11 June 1987) is a Cuban volleyball player.
He was a member of the Cuban men's national team in 2005–2010.
He is a member of the South Korean club OK Savings Bank.
He competed in the World Championship in 2010, and the South Korean Championship in 2015.
Cuban volleyball players
Murilo Endres (born 3 May 1981) is a Brazilian volleyball player.
He is a member of Brazilian men's national team and Brazilian club SESI São Paulo.
He has won two silver medals at the Olympic Games, in Beijing 2008 and London 2012.
He also competed in the World Championships in 2006 and 2010, and won a silver medal in 2014.
He has also competed in the World League, South American Championship, World Cup and the Grand Champions Cup.
FIVB Profile
Brazilian volleyball players
Clayton Stanley (born 20 January 1978) is an American volleyball player.
He is a member of the United States men's national volleyball team.
He has competed in the Olympic Games (Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, London 2012).
He won a gold medal in 2008.
Team USA player profile
Ivan Miljković (; pronounced ; born September 13, 1979) is a Serbian volleyball player.
He was a member of Serbia men's national volleyball team in 1998–2012.
He is a member of Italian club Cucine Lube Civitanova.
He competed in the Olympic Games (Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008), the European Championships (2001, 2011).
Volleyball Star - Fivb 2003
Serbian volleyball players
Dmitriy Muserskiy (born 29 October 1988) is a Russian volleyball player.
He is originally from Ukraine.
He is a member of the Russian men's national volleyball team and the Russian club Belogorie Belgorod.
He competed in the Olympic Games in 2012, European Championships in 2013, the World Cup in 2011, and the World League.
FIVB Heroes profile
Sergey Yuryevich Tetyukhin (; born 23 September 1975) is a Russian volleyball player.
He was born in Fergana, Uzbekistan.
He is 1.97 m tall, and plays as passer-attacker.
Together with Samuele Papi, he is one of only two male volleyball players who have won four Olympic medals.
Tetyukhin is the only volleyball player in the world (male or female) with four Olympic medals who has all three types of those medals.
He won a gold medal at the London Olympics.
Last Man Standing: Russian hero Sergey Tetyukhin
Sérgio Dutra Santos (born 15 October 1975 in Diamante do Norte) is a Brazilian professional volleyball player.
He is also known as Serginho or Escadinha.
He plays in the libero position.
In 2009 he became the first Libero to be named MVP in the World League.
He is widely regarded as one of the best liberos of all time and is unquestionably the best libero of the 2000s, with more awards than any other libero.
Known for his service reception and digging skills, teams often attempted to avoid Sergio when serving.
Beyond his defensive abilities, he was also capable of running the offense as a 'second setter' if the setter was forced to make the first contact.
This was in large part due to Sergio playing the setting position while growing up and subbing in as a setter for his professional club teams over the years.
Scheda su Legavolley.it
Nikola Grbić (; born September 6, 1973) is a Serbian retired volleyball player.
He was a member of the Yugoslavian national team from 1995 to 2003, Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006 and Serbia from 2006 to 2010.
He won a gold medal at the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000, bronze at the Olympic Games in Atlanta 1996.
He also competed in the Olympic Games in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008.
He has won several medals at the World Championships, European Championships and World League, Italian Championships (2008, 2010), Russian Championships (2014).
He was later head coach of the Serbian men's national team.
LegaVolley player profile
Ruan Zhi is a kind of oolong tea.
It is also known as Qingxin.
It is from Anxi in Fujian Province, China.
Ruanzhi on Babelcarp
Ziziphus jujuba, commonly known as the jujube, is a species of Ziziphus.
It is in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae).
It is used mainly as a shade tree which also bears fruit.
William Barclay Foster (1779 - 1855) was the father of Stephen Foster, a well-known American songwriter.
William was an important businessman in his time.
Some people have written about him and have called him one of the most prosperous merchants of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He worked in the state of Pennsylvania as a state legislator.
He was also elected mayor of Allegheny City two times. (
Allegheny City is now part of the city of Pittsburgh.)
He married Eliza Clayland Tomlinson on November 14, 1807, in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
His father James Foster, was born in 1779 in Berkeley County, Virginia.
At the end of the Revolutionary War, he and his family moved to western Pennsylvania with other Scottish and Irish families.
James Foster was one of the founders and original trustees of Canonsburg Academy, a school founded in 1791.
William attended the academy until he was sixteen.
He moved to Pittsburgh shortly after the city's incorporation along the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers.
William Foster went to work for the company Denny and Bellen, "Dry Goods, Hardware, etc."
He represented the company, was promoted to a partner, and traveled to many places.
Ferndale is a city in Oakland County, Michigan.
It is part of the Detroit metropolitan area.
Web Entertainment is a record label based in Detroit, Michigan, United States.
It is run by the Bass Brothers.
It is known for being the first label that signed Eminem.
USS New Jersey (BB-16) was the fourth of five Virginia-class battleships of the United States Navy.
She was originally going to be named the USS Virginia.
She was built at the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts in May 1902.
She was launched in November 1904.
After sea trials she was commissioned into the fleet in May 1906.
The ship was armed with an offensive battery of four  guns and eight  guns.
She was capable of a top speed of .
New Jersey was  long, had 23,000 horsepower and was built at a cost of $3,405,000.
New Jersey spent her entire career in the Atlantic Fleet.
In late 1906, she took part in the Second Occupation of Cuba.
She participated in the Jamestown Exposition in April – May 1907.
At the end of the year, she joined the Great White Fleet for its circumnavigation of the globe, which lasted into 1909.
In April 1914, New Jersey took part in the occupation of Veracruz during the Mexican Revolution.
During World War I, she was used as a training ship.
After the war, she was tasked with transporting American soldiers back from Europe.
New Jersey was decommissioned in 1920 and slated for destruction in bombing tests in 1923.
New Jersey was sunk on 5 September 1923 off Cape Hatteras as a target ship.
The Pacific Time Zone is one of the time zones in the world.
It is based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.
Normally, its time is 8 hours before Coordinated Universal Time.
The time zone is in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
The biggest city in the zone is Los Angeles, California; its metropolitan area is the largest in the zone.
During Daylight Savings Time, the Pacific Time Zone is represented by UTC−7.
An ooid is a small rounded sedimentary rock.
Like sand grains, ooids have a diameter of 2 mm or less.
Larger grains formed the same way as ooids are called pisoids.
Rock made of ooids is oolite.
The 2015 San Bernardino shooting was a mass shooting in San Bernardino, California.
It started at 10:59 a.m. Pacific Standard Time (PST) on December 2, 2015.
At least fourteen people were killed and seventeen were wounded.
It happened at the Inland Regional Center.
The shooters may have targeted a banquet hosted by San Bernardino County Department of Public Health.
The shooters left in an SUV.
Mass shootings in California
Abduction is the kind of practical logic which answers questions of the type "how did this come about?".
It produces answers which are not guaranteed to be correct.
Consider the observation that the lawn is wet in the morning.
In London, the answer is most often that it rained.
But in Los Angeles it is much more likely that someone left the sprinkler on.
Abduction is logical inference which goes from an observation to a theory which accounts for the observation.
It makes the simplest and most likely explanation.
In abductive reasoning, unlike in deductive reasoning, the premises do not guarantee the conclusion.
Abductive reasoning is "inference to the best explanation".
The philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) introduced abduction into modern logic.
Linezolid is an antibiotic.
It can heal serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that other antibiotics are do not heal.
Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria which cause disease, like streptococci and MRSA.
It is mainly used to treat infections of the skin and pneumonia.
It is relatively safe to take linezolid for short periods.
It can be used in people of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function.
Common harmful effects of short-term use include headache, diarrhea, and nausea.
Long-term use, however, has been associated with more serious harmful effects.
Linezolid was discovered in the 1990s by a team at Pharmacia & Upjohn Company.
It was first approved for use in 2000.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, which is a list of medications needed in a basic health system.
Linezolid costs approximately US$100 per tablet in the United States.
Linezolid is marketed by Pfizer under the trade names Zyvox (in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries), Zyvoxid (in Europe), and Zyvoxam (in Canada and Mexico).
Generics are also available, such as Linospan/Lizomed (in India), Nezocin (in Pakistan), and Linzolid (in Bangladesh, by Incepta).
Isis is the name of an Egyptian goddess.
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
the short form of the International Species Information System
Cheshire, Ohio
Cheshire, Oregon
Cheshire Township, Michigan
Cheshire Township, Gallia County, Ohio
Cheshire is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States.
At the 2010 census, 3,235 people lived in Cheshire.
Jenna Lee Dewan Tatum (born December 3, 1980) is an American actress and dancer.
She began her career as a backup dancer for Janet Jackson.
Later she worked with artists including Pink, Missy Elliott, and Christina Aguilera.
She is known for her role as Nora in the 2006 film Step Up for which she won a Teen Choice Award.
She has also starred on the short-lived NBC series The Playboy Club.
Tatum had a recurring role on the FX series American Horror Story: Asylum.
She was Freya Beauchamp on the Lifetime series Witches of East End.
Dewan has been married to actor Channing Tatum since 2009.
Pittsfield is a city in Massachusetts, United States.
It is the largest city and the county seat of Berkshire County.