the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Erik Sanko − bass guitar on "Scotland Yard"
Eden Cale − background vocals on "Hemingway"
The Battle of New Orleans was the last battle fought in the War of 1812 between the British and the Americans.
It involved a series of smaller battles leading up to the main engagement on January 8, 1815.
The British had 8,000 infantry in the line out of a total strength of 11,000.
The British force was commanded by  General Edward Pakenham.
The Americans were under the command of General Andrew Jackson.
The battle took place at the Plains of Chalmette a few miles from New Orleans.
After the 1793 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the American Revolutionary War, the British were still present on the American continent.
They were trading with the Indians and at times were inciting them against the Americans.
The British were blockading American ships, capturing  American seamen and forcing them into the Royal Navy to fight against Napoleon.
On June 18, 1812, President Madison signed the formal declaration of war against Britain.
The fighting began in Canada in an attempt to cut off the British supply lines.
At that same time, the British were fighting Napoleon but when that war ended these skilled troops were sent to Canada.
The Americans did not have a standing army as such and was still composed of individual militias, men who signed up for short periods of time.
By 1813, the British had won nearly every major battle in the war.
In August 24, 1814 The British entered Washington D.C., and burned the Capitol to the ground.
On December 24, 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was signed ending the War of 1812.
The treaty called for returning all borders and lands as they were before the war.
Because of the distances involved and the delay in communications, at the time of the battles neither side knew a peace treaty had been signed.<ref>Craig L. Symonds; William J. Clipson, The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy, MD.,
Lake Borgne and the Battle of New Orleans Dec., 1814-January 1815 (2001 Naval Institute Press 2001), p. 54</ref>
As the Ghent negotiations suggested, the real causes of the war of 1812, were not merely commerce and neutral rights.
They were also the issues of US western expansion, relations with American Indians, and control of the
Prelude to the battle
The British fleet of some 30 warships sailed out of Negril Bay, Jamaica on 26 November, 1814.
The fleet under command of Admiral Cochrane moved into the Gulf of Mexico ready to attack New Orleans.
Cochrane's fleet was transporting 14,450 British troops who had recently been fighting in the Napoleonic wars in France and Spain.
The first the Americans learned of this was through the leader of the Baratarian pirates, Jean Lafitte.
The British had offered him several thousand dollars if he would join them.
They wanted him to guide them through the swamps in and around New Orleans.
Asking for time to consider, Lafitte contacted the American governor of Louisiana, Claiborne and told him of their plans.
Claiborne contacted General Andrew Jackson.
At first the Americans were wary but they accepted his help.
Lafitte offered much needed gunpowder, fuses, cannonballs and the artillery expertise of his men.
The pirates knew the swamps around New Orleans and helped guide the Americans to outmaneuver the British.
Andrew Jackson arrived in New Orleans December 2, 1814.
He declared martial law and rallied the formerly reluctant citizens to fight the British.
Jackson told the people of New Orleans that every citizen was needed to protect the city.
He also told them  "All those who are not for us are against us".
He then blocked all approaches to the City by water.
Lake Borgne
On December 22 the British moved in barges toward the narrow opening at Lake Borgne.
They soon found their way blocked by five American gunboats under the command of Lieutenant Thomas Jones.
The British, guided by Spanish and Portuguese fisherman from the area, had an assault force of forty-five boats under the command of Captain Nicholas Lockyer.
In the engagement that followed, the British prevailed but suffered about 100 casualties.
Lieutenant Thomas Jones lost about 40 killed and wounded.
The rest of his men were captured.
One man escaped and warned the Americans.
The British moved in barges from Lake Borgne to land seven miles below New Orleans on the Mississippi river.
Their fishermen guides landed them at Villere Plantation.
Villere Plantation
When Jackson learned of the landing at Villere Plantation he immediately planned an attack that night.
The British general Keene had about 1,900 men when he landed at Villere.
More British soldiers landed and by evening there were about 2,300 at the plantation.
Under cover of darkness the Americans surprised the British in their camp.
Over 2,100 Americans began firing on the British, many of whom were still being landed in boats.
The American schooner, Carolina, had anchored in the Mississippi near the plantation and opened a murderous fire on the British camp.
Even after the Americans withdrew the Carolina kept up the bombardment until it was blown up by Heated shot and sunk on December 27th.
The battle had no clear winner, but the British were delayed in their attempt to capture New Orleans.
The Americans lost about 200 men while the British losses were fixed at about 300.
After the battle Jackson began building his defenses at the Rodriguez Canal.
This was an abandoned millrace approximately 20 feet wide and 3 to 5 feet deep.
It was in a swampy area which gave the Americans a clear advantage.
The defensive mill earthworks blocked the British approach to New Orleans.
They could only attack from the front as the swamps and river protected the flank.
The American position was two miles from the British camp and about five miles below New Orleans.
A body of mounted American riflemen kept track of all British movements.
On 25 December General Pakenham landed at the Villere Plantation and took charge of all British forces.
The British began moving on 27 December but encountered the American earthworks and halted.
The British were surprised to see the American earthworks.
Apparently they had not thought enough of the Americans to even keep an eye on them.
In addition to the fortifications in front of them the American cutter Louisiana'' was anchored in the river.
As soon as the British appeared the guns of the Americans drove them back.
But undaunted they began construction of their own earthworks and setting up their artillery positions.
The British brought up guns from their ships and built earthworks for them under cover of darkness.
This was to counter the American guns mounted on their earthworks as well as those on the anchored cutter in the river.
On the morning of 1 January 1815 the British opened up with their artillery and rockets.
The surprised Americans quickly returned fire but with greater accuracy.
Jackson’s line lost two of their guns in the exchange but one by one the cannon fire from the American line took out all fourteen of the British guns.
By noon the British had been driven back from their artillery emplacements and the artillery duel was over for the present.
Both the Americans and British had placed artillery on the opposite bank of the Mississippi and those batteries exchanged fire most of the afternoon.
At night Jackson’s backwoodsmen kept shooting sentries, driving back the pickets and gave the British camp no peace.
Early on the morning of 8 January the British attacked General Jackson’s earthworks.
General Packenham’s infantry numbered about 8,000 out of a total force of 11,000.
He moved his columns forward while it was still dark to get close to the Americans without being seen.
But the element of surprise was lost when a junior officer forgot to bring scaling ladders.
When he returned with the ladders it was too late, the Americans could see them.
The brigade under the command of General Gibbs attacked the left and center of Jackson’s line.
But the American artillery tore large holes in the British line.
A regiment of highlanders was sent to help Gibbs but suffered tremendous casualties under the American rifle and musket fire.
The British second in command, General Gibbs, was killed on the battlefield.
General Pakenham, the overall commander, was shot and killed as he rallied his soldiers.
The third in command of British forces, General Lambert, finally called off the assault.
The British lost 2,057 men while the Americans lost only 71.
The British were veterans of the Napoleonic War and were well experienced and fought bravely but could not break the American defense system.
Fort St. Philip
Fort St. Philip was located on the east bank of the Mississippi river.
It protected New Orleans from any river approach to the city.
The Americans took over the fort, originally built by the Spanish, in 1808.
It was rebuilt with bricks and had two bastions facing the river.
The bastions were where most of the fort's twenty guns were mounted.
The fort was attacked at the same time General Pakenham led his infantry attack on Jackson's earthworks.
The fort was bombarded by five British warships for over a week.
Finally, on 18 January 1815 the British fleet withdrew.
They were damaged but had been unable to do much damage to the fort.
As the gunships retreated on January 18th, the British soldiers were recalled to their transport ships.
They were required to leave eighteen badly wounded men, two of whom were officers.
In their haste they left fourteen artillery pieces and a large quantity of cannon shot.
One of the two medical personnel left to take care of the British wounded gave General Jackson a letter from General Lambert.
In his letter Lambert stated he had given up all further operations against New Orleans.
He asked too that his men be protected and cared for.
Jackson had given thought to pursuing the retreating British.
But he decided not to risk any of his men's lives needlessly.
He thought the lives of ten British soldiers were not worth the loss of one of his own men.
As General Jackson stated in his letter to the Secretary of War, he was not convinced the British had given up on trying to take the Louisiana territory by force.
By Jackson's estimations the British had lost over four thousand men either dead, wounded or who had deserted.
Jackson left infantry units to guard the earthworks and the Villere plantation should the British return.
He brought the rest of his army back to New Orleans on 20 January 1815.
Tlazolteotl (or Tlaçolteotl) is an Aztec goddess.
She is the goddess of purification, steam bath, midwives, sin and adulterers.
In Nahuatl, the word tlazolli means vice and diseases.
Thus, Tlazolteotl was a goddess of filth (sin), vice and sexual misdeeds.
However, she was also a purification goddess.
Her dual nature is seen in her epithets; Tlaelquani ('she who eats filth [sin]') and Tlazolmiquiztli ('the death caused by lust'), and Ixcuina or Ixcuinan ('she of two faces').
Her sisters include Tiacapan (the first born), Teicu (the younger sister), Tlaco (the middle sister) and Xocotzin (the youngest sister).
On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis, a lone man armed with a shotgun, killed twelve people and injured fourteen others in a mass shooting at the headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) inside the Washington Navy Yard in Southeast Washington, D.C. The attack happened at around 8:20 a.m. in Building 197.
Alexis was shot dead by police after he shot at them.
Navy Yard shooting
Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action-thriller movie directed and written by Rian Johnson.
It stars Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Emily Blunt, and Jeff Daniels.
It was released to positive reviews on September 28, 2012.
Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5/4 stars.
It won nine awards and was nominated for twenty-six.
In Ancient Rome, several types of Roman houses existed.
Those in Rome were of at least three different types.
Insulae
Ordinary people lived in apartment blocks called Insulae, a kind of apartment building.
It housed most people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs).
The wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites) had their own homes.
Insulae were of poor quality, but they did have running water and sanitation.
Rooms could be owned or rented.
They were built in timber, mud brick, and later primitive concrete.
They were restricted in height to about 20 metres.
Fires and collapses happened.
Among his many business interests, Marcus Licinius Crassus speculated in real estate and owned numerous insulae in the city.
When one collapsed from poor construction, Cicero said that Crassus was happy that he could charge higher rents for a new building than the collapsed one.
Houses of the rich and upper classes were lavish.
The atrium was the most important part of the house.
It was where guests were greeted.
The atrium was open in the centre, surrounded at least in part by porticoes with high ceilings, that often contained only a little furniture to give the effect of a large space.
In the centre was a square roof opening in which rainwater could come, draining inwards from the slanted tiled roof.
There were kitchens, bedrooms, a dining room, and a number of open rooms.
The master's office was placed so that the master could see what others were doing.
The domus was not just a house; it was a place of business as well.
Servants would use a servants' entrance, not the main entrance.
Slaves could not leave the house without permission of the master.
Villas
A Roman villa was a Roman country house built for the upper classes.
There were two kinds of villas.
The villa urbana, was a country seat in easy reach of Rome (or another city).
The villa rustica was a farm-house estate, like the later English country house.
It was occupied by servants who ran the estate.
In the Empire, there was a concentration of Imperial villas near the Gulf of Naples, on the Isle of Capri, at Monte Circeo on the coast and at Antium (Anzio).
Wealthy Romans escaped the summer heat in the hills round Rome, especially around Frascati (such as Hadrian's Villa).
Cicero had at least seven villas.
The oldest of these was near Arpinum, which he inherited.
Pliny the Younger had three or four, of which the example near Laurentium is the best known from his descriptions.
Large villas were important to the Roman economy.
They dominated the Po valley, Campania, and Sicily, and were also found in Gaul.
Villas were centres of mining, pottery, or horse raising.
Villas specializing in shipping olive oil to Roman legions in Germany were a feature of the southern Iberian province of Hispania Baetica.
Some luxurious villas have been excavated in North Africa in Africa Province and Numidia, or Fishbourne Palace in Britannia.
The Yomiuri Giants is a Japanese baseball team based in Tokyo.
They are owned by a major newspaper company, and are the most successful team in Japan.
They play home games at the Toyko Dome.
Dili is the smallest municipality in East Timor, but it has the highest population.
It is the economic and political centre of East Timor.
The district of Dili, with , is the smallest district of the country; it lies on the north coast of the island of Timor on the Savu Sea.
It borders the districts of Manatuto to the east, Aileu to the south, Liquiçá to the west and the Savu Sea to the north.
Atauro Island,  to the north of the district opposite the capital, is one of its administrative posts.
The capital of the district is Dili and the administrative headquarters of the district are located in Caicoli, in the administrative post of Vera Cruz.
The city of Dili extends over several administrative posts.
Other settlements in the district are Dar (administrative post Veracruz), Hera (Cristo Rei) and Metinaro (Metinaro).
Mountains are close to the coast so that most of the landscape is mountainous.
Near the western border is the Lake Tibar, one of the few large lakes of East Timor.
Three small lakes with salt water are near Tasitolu and they have been named as Important Bird Area and also the entire island of Atauro.
The climate of Dili is typical of the north coast of East Timor.
In the dry season, the temperature could get up to about ; at night, the temperature is around .
In the rainy season the temperature is around .
The annual average is .
Rain falls almost exclusively during the rainy season from late November to April.
The average annual rainfall is .
The district of Dili had a population of 245,873 in 2011, more than in any other district in the country.
Its density is  inhabitants per km², the greatest in East Timor.
The administrative posts with more people living there are Nain Feto, Dom Aleixo and Cristo Rei Veracruz.
Atauro and Metinaro have less people living there.
The average age is 20.8 years (2010), well above the national average of 18.8
Tetum, the official language, is the dominant language on the coast where the dialect Tetum Praça (a dialect with a great influence from Portuguese) is spoken; in the interior of the district and in Metinaro, the national language Mambai is often spoken.
Dili District Development Plan 2002/2003
The turquoise-browed motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) is a bird of the motmot family.
It lives in Central America, from south-east Mexico (mostly the Yucatán Peninsula) to Costa Rica.
The turquoise-browed motmot is a colourful bird, mostly turquoise, green and orange.
It is common and not in danger.
It lives in fairly open habitats such as on the edges of forests and scrubland.
The motmots live in the tropical forests of Central America.
They are brightly coloured with a strong beak.
They have a signature tail with two bare feathers ending in tufts, just like this bird.
This effect is got by the tail feathers having no barbs along the middle section.
This motmot has other local names.
Itis called Torogoz in El Salvador and Guardabarranco in Nicaragua.
It is the national bird of these two countries.
Motmot Research, Troy G. Murphy
Holyoke is a city in southwestern Massachusetts.
It is close to Springfield.
The city was settled in 1745 and incorporated in 1850.
Holyoke had almost 40,000 people at the 2010 census.
1745 establishments
Nymphomaniac is a 2013 two-part erotic drama movie.
It is about a nymphomaniac who meets an asexual virgin and tells him about her sexual adventures.
In the movie are Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stacy Martin, Stellan Skarsgard, Shia LaBeouf, Uma Thurman and Christian Slater.
The movie was released on December 25, 2013 in Denmark.
It was released in early 2014 in some other countries.
It was filmed in Germany and Belgium in 2012.
The Guardian gave the movie four out of five stars.
German LGBT movies
Lauren Pierce Bush (born June 25, 1984) is a fashion model and designer.
She is a niece of former President George W. Bush and granddaughter of former President George H. W. Bush.
Bush was born in Denver, Colorado and raised in Houston, Texas.
Gregory "Greg" Anatole Wilcock is an Australian diplomat.
He is a career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
On 14 June 2012, Wilcock was made the next High Commissioner of Australia to Bangladesh by Bob Carr.
He gave his credentials to Bangladeshi President Zillur Rahman on 19 July 2012.
His previous jobs overseas with the department were to Washington, D.C. and Jakarta.
He also worked with the team that set up Australia's Embassy in East Timor.
Before arriving in Bangladesh, Wilcock worked in Canberra on Middle East policy.
This was after he worked for almost three years as an adviser to Stephen Smith, when Smith was Australia's Foreign Minister and later Defence Minister.
Wilcock studied politics and international relations at the Australian National University and Monash University.
He is married, and he and his wife have two young sons.
Louise Hand is an Australian diplomat.
She is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Before this appointment, Hand was worked for the Department of Climate Change as the Ambassador for Climate Change (2009–2011).
Hand has served overseas as Minister and Deputy Head of Mission at the Australian Embassy, Jakarta (2005 to 2009), Ambassador to Cambodia (2000 to 2003), Counselor, Australian Permanent Mission on Disarmament, Geneva (1995 to 1998), and Third (later Second) Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Vienna (1986 to 1989).
Hand holds a Bachelor of Arts and Masters Qualifying degree from the University of Queensland and an MBA from Deakin University.
The Saint of Bleecker Street is a three-act opera with words and music by Gian Carlo Menotti.
It was first performed at The Broadway Theatre in New York City on December 27, 1954.
The opera won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1955 and the New York Drama Critics Circle award for best musical.
The opera is about a young woman in New York City's Little Italy who receives the stigmata.
The play is about a group of women, and their leader Praxagora.
She has decided that the women must convince the men to give them control of Athens, because they could rule it better.
The women, in the guise of men, sneak into the assembly and vote the measure, convincing some of the men to vote for it because it is the only thing they have not tried.
The women set up a government in which the state feeds, houses, and generally takes care of every Athenian.
They enforce an idea of equality by allowing every man to sleep with every woman, but that the man must sleep with an ugly woman before he may sleep with a beautiful one.
There is a scene in which two men are talking.
One of them is going along with the new government, giving his property to the women, and obeying their orders.
The other does not wish to give up his property, but he is more than willing to take advantage of the free food.
After the oligarchy put in place after the war fell, Athenians asserted their democracy and equality very strongly.
The play makes its point that excessive democracy has its problems.
In reality it is a series of words stuck together, not a genuine word.
It describes a fictional food dish.
Liddell and Scott translate this as "name of a dish compounded of all kinds of dainties, fish, flesh, fowl, and sauces".
The Greek word contains 171 letters, which far surpasses that of Shakespeare's 27-letter long word, "honorificabilitudinitatibus" in his Love's Labour's Lost V.I.
It is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek word λοπαδο­τεμαχο­σελαχο­γαλεο­κρανιο­λειψανο­δριμ­υπο­τριμματο­σιλφιο­καραβο­μελιτο­κατακεχυ­μενο­κιχλ­επι­κοσσυφο­φαττο­περιστερ­αλεκτρυον­οπτο­κεφαλλιο­κιγκλο­πελειο­λαγῳο­σιραιο­βαφη­τραγανο­πτερύγων.
It is the longest word to appear in literature.
fish slices
fish of the elasmobranchii subclass (a shark or ray)
rotted dogfish or small shark's head
a dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together
silphium (a type of plant used in classical antiquity as a seasoning and medicine, also called "laserwort"), a type of giant fennel plant
a kind of crab, shrimp, or crayfish
honey poured down
wrasse (or thrush)
a kind of sea fish or blackbird as a topping
wood pigeon
domestic pigeon
roasted head of dabchick
hare, which could be a type of bird or sea hare
new wine boiled down
wing and/or fin
Night on Bald Mountain or Night on Bare Mountain is a piece of music (tone poem) for orchestra by Modest Mussorgsky.
He completed it in 1867.
It was first performed in 1886 in a version by Rimsky-Korsakov after Mussorgsky's 1881 death.
The music depicts a witches' Sabbath on St. John's Night.
The music was used in Walt Disney's animated movie, Fantasia in 1940.
Iron-deficiency anemia (or iron-deficiency anaemia) is a common type of anemia.
It is caused by not having enough iron in food, not absorbing the iron in food, and/or losing iron because of bleeding.
Iron deficiency causes approximately half of all anemia cases worldwide, and affects women more often than men.
This is partly because most women have periods (menstruate).
There are probably more than one billion people who have anemia.
Anemia is most common in areas like Brazil or Central Africa.
Asia, Central America and Eastern Europe are affected too, with North America least affected.
Romeo and Juliet is a ballet.
The music was written by Sergei Prokofiev.
The ballet is based on Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet.
The ballet was first performed in Brno (now in the Czech Republic) in 1938.
It has been re-choreographed many times, notably by Sir Frederick Ashton in 1955, John Cranko in 1962, Kenneth MacMillan in 1965, and Rudolph Nureyev in 1977.
Jenůfa is a three-act opera of realism with words and music by Leoš Janáček.
It is based on the play Její pastorkyňa by Gabriela Preissová.
The opera was first performed in 21 January 1904 in Brno, (now in the Czech Republic).
It was a great success when it was performed in Prague in 1916.
The opera is about the murder of a baby (this is called infanticide).
L'Orfeo is a three-act opera.
The music was written by Claudio Monteverdi.
The words were written by Alessandro Striggio.
The opera is based on the myth of Orpheus, his descent to Hades and his attempt to bring his dead wife Eurydice back.
It was first performed in February 1607.
It is a transitional work between the music of the Renaissance and the music of the Baroque.
It is one of the earliest operas that is still performed.
Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria () is an opera in a prologue and five acts (later revised to three acts).
The words were written in Italian by Giacomo Badoaro.
It was first performed in Venice during the 1639–1640 carnival season.
It was not performed very much until the 20th century.
The opera is based on the story of Odysseus' return to Ithaca and his contest with the unwanted suitors of his loyal wife Penelope.
Dmitri Vladimirovich Kulikov (; born October 29, 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He also played for the Florida Panthers and Buffalo Sabres.
He then moved to North America to play for the Drummondville Voltigeurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.
During his time in the QMJHL, he led all of the Quebec League blueliners with 62 points in 57 games and won a bunch of trophies which included the Emile Bouchard Trophy as the QMJHL Defenceman of the Year; the Raymond Lagacé Trophy as the Defensive Rookie of the Year; and the Mike Bossy Trophy as the league's best pro prospect.
He was drafted with the 14th overall pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers.
The Panthers signed Kulikov on September 29, 2009.
He has shown high levels of skill and confidence after playing in 68 games with the Florida Panthers.
Archaeocyatha at Geology museum
Fanfare for the Common Man is piece of music.
It was written by Aaron Copland in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.
The piece is scored for brass and percussion.
It is often heard on television, at national events such as Fourth of July celebrations, sports events, etc.
Rodeo is a ballet.
The story and dances were designed by Agnes de Mille.
The ballet was first performed on October 16, 1942 at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
The ballet consists of five sections: "Buckaroo Holiday", "Ranch House Party", "Corral Nocturne", "Saturday Night Waltz", and "Hoe-Down".
The ballet tells the story of an awkward cowgirl's romance.
This is a list of gods, goddesses, people and other figures from Greek mythology.
They are sorted into sections below.
The immortals include gods (deities), spirits and giants.
Being immortal means that they live forever.
The mortals include heroes, kings, Amazons and other people.
The list does not include creatures.
These figures are described by ancient writers, the oldest of which are Homer and Hesiod.
The Greeks created images of their deities for many reasons.
A temple would house the statue of a god or goddess, or several deities.
The statue might be decorated with relief scenes depicting myths.
These were also often painted on pottery and minted on coins.
Roman mythology includes many of the same figures, but uses different names: calling Zeus by the name of Jupiter and Aphrodite by the name of Venus, for example.
This is called the Venetian creole language.
It is called Venetian band.
The main and most important gods were the Twelve Olympians.
The home of these gods is at the top of Mount Olympus.
There was some variation as to which deities were included in the Twelve.
As such, the list below numbers fourteen.
It includes all those who are commonly named as one of the Twelve in art and poetry.
Dionysus was a later addition; in some descriptions, he replaced Hestia.
Hades is not usually included among the Olympians, because his home was the underworld.
Some writers, however, such as Plato, named him as one of the Twelve.
Primordial deities
The primordial deities are the first beings that existed.
They are what makes up the universe.
All other gods descend from them.
The first among them is usually said to be Chaos.
Chaos is the nothingness from which all of the others were made.
These gods are usually depicted as a place or a realm.
Tartarus, for example, is depicted as the deepest pit in the underworld.
His brother Erebus is also depicted as a place of darkness, or the emptiness of space.
Gaia is depicted as nature or the Earth.
Pontus is depicted as the oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Chronos is depicted as time.
The Titans are the older kind of gods in Greek mythology.
The original Twelve Titans were children of Gaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky).
Their leader was Cronus, who overthrew his father Uranus and became ruler of the gods.
Cronus' consort was his sister Rhea.
Their children were Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia.
Cronus and the Titans were overthrown by Zeus, his youngest son.
They fought a war called the Titanomachy.
The Titans are depicted in Greek art less often than the Olympians.
The Giants (, Gigantes) were the children of Gaia.
She was fertilised by the blood of Uranus, after Uranus was castrated by his son Cronus.
After the Titans' lost their war against the Olympians, Gaia made the Giants rise up against the Olympians to restore the Titans' rule.
The Olympians got help from the hero Heracles to stop the Giants.
This war was the Gigantomachy.
The Hekatonkheires (), the Hundred-Handed Ones.
Three giant gods of violent storms.
Sons of Uranus and Gaia.
Each have different characteristics.
Briareus or Aigaion (), the Vigorous
Cottus (), the Furious
Gyges (), the Big-Limbed
Agrius (), a man-eating Thracian giant who was half-man and half-bear
Alcyoneus (), the eldest of the Thracian giants, who was killed by Heracles
Aloadae (), twin giants who tried to break into heaven
Otos ()
Ephialtes ()
Antaeus (), a Libyan giant who wrestled all those who visited Libya to death.
He was killed by Heracles.
Argus Panoptes (), a hundred-eyed giant who kept watch over Io
Cyclopes (Elder), three one-eyed giants who made the lightning-bolts of Zeus
Arges ()
Brontes ()
Steropes ()
Cyclopes (Younger), a tribe of one-eyed, man-eating giants who herded sheep on the island of Sicily
Polyphemus (), a cyclops who briefly captured Odysseus and his men, but was then blinded by the hero
Enceladus (), one of the Thracian giants who fought against the gods
The Gegenees (), a tribe of six-armed giants fought by the Argonauts on Bear Mountain in Mysia
Geryon (), a three-bodied, four-winged giant who lived on the island of Erytheia
The Laestrygonians (), a tribe of man-eating giants whom Odysseus met on his travels
Orion (), a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion
Porphyrion (), the king of the Thracian Giants.
He was killed by Heracles and Zeus with arrows and lightning-bolts after he tried to rape Hera.
Talos (), a giant forged from bronze by Hephaestus.
He was given by Zeus to his lover Europa to be her bodyguard.
Tityos (), a giant killed by Apollo and Artemis when he tried to rape their mother Leto.
Typhon (), a monstrous storm-giant who was defeated and imprisoned in the pits of Tartarus
Personified concepts
Achlys (), spirit of misery and sadness; or the never-ending night
Adephagia (), spirit of greed
Adikia (), spirit of injustice and doing the wrong thing
Aergia (), spirit of laziness
Agon (), spirit of contest, who had an altar at Olympia, where the Olympic Games were held
Aidos (), spirit of modesty and respect
Aisa (), personification of fate
Alala (), spirit of the war cry
Alastor (), spirit of blood feuds and vengeance
Aletheia (), spirit of truth
The Algea (), spirits of pain and suffering
Achos (), trouble or distress
Ania (), ache or anguish
Lupe (), pain or sadness
Alke (), spirit of ability and courage
Amechania (), spirit of helplessness
The Amphilogiai (), spirits of disputes and debates
Anaideia (), spirit of ruthlessness, and the unforgiving
The Androktasiai (), spirits of killing in the battles
Angelia (), spirit of messages and announcements
Apate (), spirit of deceit
Apheleia (), spirit of simplicity
Aporia (), spirit of difficulty
The Arae (), spirits of curses
Arete (), spirit of virtue and goodness
Atë (), spirit of mischief, delusion, and ruin
Bia (), spirit of force, power and strength
Caerus (), spirit of opportunity
Corus (), spirit of over-indulgence
Deimos (), spirit of fear
Dikaiosyne (), spirit of justice
Dike (), spirit of rights and fair judgement
Dolos (), spirit of tricks and deception
Dysnomia (), spirit of anarchy and lawlessness
Dyssebeia (), spirit of disrespecting the gods
Eirene (), goddess of peace
Ekecheiria (), spirit of truce, and stopping fights; honoured at the Olympic Games
Eleos (), spirit of mercy, pity, and compassion
Elpis (), spirit of hope
Epiphron (), spirit of careful thought
Eris (), spirit of strife and discord
The Erotes ()
Anteros (), god of love that is returned
Eros (), god of love and sex
Hedylogos (), god of flattery and flirting
Himeros (), god of sexual desire
Pothos (), god of lust
Eucleia (), spirit of glory
Eulabeia (), spirit of discretion and caution
Eunomia (), goddess of good law and order
Eupheme (), spirit of praise, applause, and shouts of triumph
Eupraxia (), spirit of well-being
Eusebeia (), spirit of loyalty, duty and respect
Euthenia (), spirit of wealth
Gelos (), spirit of laughter
Geras (), spirit of old age
Harmonia (), goddess of harmony
Hebe (), goddess of youth
Hedone (), spirit of pleasure and fun
Heimarmene (), personification of the fate of the universe
Homados (), spirit of the noise of battle
Homonoia (), spirit of agreements
Horkos (), spirit of oaths
Horme (), spirit of energetic activity, impulse or effort
Hybris (), spirit of sadistic behaviour
Hypnos (), god of sleep
The Hysminai (), spirits of fighting and combat
Ioke (), spirit of battles
Kakia (), spirit of bad habits and bad morals
Kalokagathia (), spirit of nobility
The Keres (), spirits of violent death
Koalemos (), spirit of stupidity
Kratos (), spirit of strength and power
Kydoimos (), spirit of confusion and the noise of battle
Lethe (), spirit of forgetfulness, and of one of the rivers in the underworld
Limos (), spirit of hunger and starvation
The Litae (), spirits of prayer
Lyssa (), spirit of rage
The Machai (), spirits of fighting and combat
Mania (), spirit or spirits of insanity
The Moirai (), or "Fates"
Clotho (), who spins the life thread
Lachesis (), who measures the life thread
Atropos (), who cuts the life thread
Momus (), spirit of mockery, blame and criticism
Moros (), spirit of doom
The Neikea (), spirits of feuds and arguments
Nemesis (), goddess of revenge and retribution
Nike (), goddess of victory
Nomos (), spirit of law
Oizys (), spirit of sadness
The Oneiroi (), spirits of dreams
Epiales (), spirit of nightmares
Morpheus (), god of dreams, who takes the shape of humans
Phantasos () spirit of fantasies, who takes the shape of objects
Phobetor () or Icelos (), spirit of nightmares, who takes the shape of animals
Palioxis (), spirit of retreat from battle
Peitharchia (), spirit of obeying
Peitho (), spirit of persuasion and seduction
Penia (), spirit of poverty and need
Penthus (), spirit of mourning
Pepromene (), personification of the fate of the universe, similar to Heimarmene
Pheme (), spirit of rumours and gossip
Philophrosyne (), spirit of kindness
Philotes (), spirit of friendship, affection and sex
Phobos (), spirit of panic and fear
The Phonoi (), spirits of murder and killing
Phrike (), spirit of horror
Phthonus (), spirit of envy and jealousy
Pistis (), spirit of trust
Poine (), spirit of punishment and penalty for the crime of murder
Polemos (), personification of war
Ponos (), spirit of hard labour
Poros (), spirit of being able to accomplish something
Praxidike (), spirit of getting justice
Proioxis (), spirit of pursuit on the battlefield
Prophasis (), spirit of excuses
The Pseudologoi, spirits of lies
Ptocheia (), spirit of begging
Soter () and Soteria (), spirits of safety
Sophrosyne (), spirit of moderation, self-control, temperance, and discretion
Techne (), spirit of art and skill
Thanatos (), spirit of death and mortality
Thrasos (), spirit of boldness
Tyche (), goddess of luck, chance and fate
Zelos (), spirit of rivalry, devotion, emulation and envy
Underworld deities
These deities lived in the underworld.
The ruler of the underworld was Hades, who is listed further above under "Olympians".
Amphiaraus (), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebes.
He became an oracular spirit of the underworld after he died.
Angelos (), a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became an underworld goddess
Askalaphos (), the son of Acheron and Orphne who looked after the orchards in the underworld.
She was later transformed into an owl by Demeter.
Cerberus (), the three-headed dog who guarded the gates of Hades
Charon (), ferryman of Hades
Empusa (), monstrous spirits with flames for hair, the leg of a goat and the other leg made of bronze.
They are also servants of Hecate.
Erebos (), the primeval god of darkness, his mists surrounded the underworld and filled the hollows of the earth
The Erinyes (), the Furies, goddesses of retribution
Alecto (), the unceasing one
Tisiphone (), avenger of murder
Megaera (), the jealous one
Hecate (), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, ghosts, and necromancy
Judges of the Dead
Aiakos (), keeper of Hades' keys and judge of the men of Europe.
He used to be king of Aegina when he was alive.
Minos (), judge of the final vote.
He had been king of Crete when he was alive.
Rhadamanthys (), a former lawmaker and judge of the men of Asia
Keuthonymos (), a spirit and the father of Menoetes
Cronus (), deposed king of the Titans; after he was released from Tartarus he was made king of the Island of the Blessed
Lamia (), a vampiric spirit who followed Hecate
Lampades (), nymphs who held torches
Gorgyra ()
Orphne (), mother of Askalaphos
Macaria (), daughter of Hades and goddess of blessed death (not the same as the daughter of Heracles)
Melinoe (), daughter of Persephone and Hades who accepted sacrifices offered to the ghosts of the dead
Menoetes (), a spirit who herded the cattle of Hades
Mormo (), a fearsome spirit who followed Hecate
Nyx (), the primeval goddess of night
Persephone (), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring
Rivers of the Underworld
Acheron (), the river of pain
Kokytos (), the river of crying
Lethe (), the river of forgetfulness
Phlegethon (), the river of fire
Styx (), the river of oaths
Tartarus (), the primeval god of the darkest pit of Hades
Thanatos (), spirit of death and minister of Hades
Sea deities
Aegaeon (), god of sea storms and a friend of the Titans
Amphitrite (), sea goddess and consort of Poseidon
Benthesikyme (), daughter of Poseidon, who lived in Ethiopia
Brizo (), patron goddess of sailors, who sent prophetic dreams
Ceto (), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monsters
Charybdis (), a sea monster and spirit of whirlpools and the tide
Cymopoleia or Kymopoleia (), a daughter of Poseidon, married to the giant Briareus
Delphin (), the leader of dolphins.
Poseidon placed him in the sky as the group of stars called Delphinus.
Eidothea (), prophetic sea nymph and daughter of Proteus
Glaucus (), a god of fishermen and sailors
Gorgons (), three monstrous sea spirits
Stheno ()
Euryale ()
Medusa ()
The Graeae (), three ancient sea spirits who personified the white foam of the sea.
They shared one eye and one tooth between them.
Deino ()
Enyo ()
Pemphredo ()
The Harpies (), spirits with wings.
They were associated with sudden gusts of wind.
Aello () or Aellope () or Aellopous ()
Ocypete () or Ocypode () or Ocythoe ()
Podarge () or Podarke ()
Celaeno ()
Nicothoe ()
Hippocampi (), the horses of the sea.
They are half horse with the tail of a fish.
Hydros (), primordial god of waters
The Ichthyocentaurs (), two sea gods with the upper bodies of men, the lower fore-parts of horses, ending in the long tails of fish
Bythos ()
Aphros ()
Karkinos (), a giant crab who worked with the Hydra to kill Heracles.
When it died, Hera put it in the sky as the group of stars called Cancer.
Ladon (), a sea snake with a hundred heads.
It guarded the western parts of the sea, and the island and golden apples of the Hesperides.
Leucothea (), a sea goddess who helped sailors in trouble
Nereides (), sea nymphs
Thetis (), leader of the Nereids.
She organised the birth of animals in the sea.
Arethusa (), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountain
Galene (), goddess of calm seas
Psamathe (), goddess of sandy beaches
Nereus (), the old man of the sea, and the god of fish
Nerites (), a sea spirit who was transformed into a shell-fish by Aphrodite
Oceanus (), Titan god of the river Oceanus, that flows around the Earth
Palaemon (), a young sea god who helped sailors in trouble
Phorcys (), god of the hidden dangers of the sea
Pontos (), primeval god of the sea, father of fish and other sea creatures
Poseidon (), king of the sea and leader of the sea gods; also god of rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horses
Proteus (), a prophetic old sea god who could change shape.
He herded Poseidon's seals.
Scylla (), a monstrous sea goddess
The Sirens (), sea nymphs who lured sailors to their death with their song
Aglaope () or Aglaophonos () or Aglaopheme ()
Himerope ()
Leucosia ()
Ligeia ()
Molpe ()
Parthenope ()
Peisinoe () or Peisithoe ()
Raidne ()
Teles ()
Thelchtereia ()
Thelxiope () or Thelxiepeia ()
The Telchines (), sea spirits from the island of Rhodes.
The gods killed them when they turned to evil magic.
Actaeus ()
Argyron ()
Atabyrius ()
Chalcon ()
Chryson ()
Damon () or Demonax ()
Damnameneus ()
Dexithea (), mother of Euxanthios by Minos
Lycos () or Lyktos ()
Lysagora ()
Makelo ()
Megalesius ()
Mylas ()
Nikon ()
Ormenos ()
Simon ()
Skelmis ()
Tethys (), wife of Oceanus, and the mother of the rivers, fountains and clouds
Thalassa (), primeval spirit of the sea and consort of Pontos
Thaumas (), god of the wonders of the sea
Thoosa (), goddess of strong currents
Triteia (), daughter of Triton and friend of Ares
Triton (), son and herald of Poseidon.
He had the body of a man and the tail of a fish.
Sky deities
Achelois (), a minor moon goddess
Aeolus (Aiolos, ), god of the winds
Aether (), primeval god of the upper air
Alectrona (), goddess of the dawn or waking up
Anemoi, gods of the winds
Boreas (), god of the north wind and of winter
Eurus (), god of the east or southeast wind
Notus () god of the south wind
Zephyrus (), god of the west wind
Aparctias (), another name for the north wind (not the same spirit as Boreas)
Apheliotes (), god of the east wind (when Eurus is considered southeast)
Argestes (), another name for the west or northwest wind
Caicias (), god of the northeast wind
Circios () or Thraskias (), god of the north-northwest wind
Euronotus (), god of the southeast wind
Lips (), god of the southwest wind
Skeiron (), god of the northwest wind
Apollo, god of the sun and light, knowledge, music and healing
Arke (), messenger of the Titans and twin sister of Iris
Astraios (), Titan god of stars, planets and astrology
The Astra Planeti (), gods of the five "wandering stars" (planets that can be seen from Earth)
Stilbon (), god of Hermaon, the planet Mercury
Eosphorus (), god of Venus the morning star
Hesperus (), god of Venus the evening star
Pyroeis (), god of Areios, the planet Mars
Phaethon (), god of Dios, the planet Jupiter
Phaenon (), god of Kronion, the planet Saturn
Aurai (), nymphs of the cool breeze
Aura (), goddess of the breeze and the air of early morning
Chaos (), represented the lower atmosphere which surrounded the earth
Chione (), goddess of snow and daughter of Boreas
Helios (), Titan god of the sun and guardian of oaths
Selene (), Titan goddess of the moon
Eos (), Titan goddess of the dawn
Hemera (), primeval goddess of daylight
Hera (), queen of heaven and goddess of the air and stars
Herse (), goddess of the morning dew
The Hesperides ()
Iris (), goddess of the rainbow and a messenger of the gods
Nephelai (), cloud nymphs
Ouranos (), primeval god of the heavens
Pandia (), daughter of Selene and Zeus
The Pleiades (), goddesses of the stars named after them
Alcyone ()
Sterope ()
Electra ()
Maia ()
Merope ()
Taygete ()
Zeus (), king of heaven and god of the sky, thunder and lightning
Rustic deities
Aetna (), goddess of Mount Etna, the volcano in Sicily
Amphictyonis (), goddess of wine and friendship between nations.
This is a local form of the goddess Demeter.
Anthousai (), flower nymphs
Aristaeus (), god of bee-keeping, making cheese, herding, growing olives, and hunting
Attis (), god of plants and consort of Cybele
Britomartis (), a Cretan goddess of hunting and fishing nets
Cabeiri (), gods or spirits who looked after the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace
Aitnaios ()
Alkon ()
Eurymedon ()
Onnes ()
Tonnes ()
Centaurs (), a race of half-man, half-horse beings
Asbolus ()
Chariclo (), wife of Chiron
Chiron (), the eldest and wisest of the centaurs
Eurytion ()
Nessus (), a ferryman at the river Euenus
Pholus ()
The Cercopes (), a pair of monkey-like thieves who lived in Lydia in western Anatolia
Akmon ()
Passalos ()
Chloris (), goddess of flowers and wife of Zephyrus
Comus (), god of celebrating and partying
Corymbus (), god of the fruit of the ivy
The Curetes (), looked after baby Zeus on Mount Ida.
They are very similar to the Korybantes.
Cybele (), a goddess of mountains and nature.
She was a Phrygian goddess adopted by the Greeks.
She was associated with Rhea.
The Dactyls (), minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand
Acmon ()
Delas ()
Epimedes ()
Heracles (not the same as the hero with this name)
Iasios ()
Kelmis ()
Skythes ()
Titias (), a friend of Cybele
Cyllenus (), a friend of Cybele
Dionysus (), god of wine, parties, and wild plants
Dryades (), tree and forest nymphs
Epimeliades (), nymphs who protected flocks of sheep
Gaia (), primeval goddess of the earth
Hamadryades (), oak tree dryades
Hecaterus (), minor god of the hekateris, a dance of involving moving the hands quickly
Hephaestus (), god of metalworking
Hermes (), god of roads, herds and flocks
The Horae (), the Hours
The goddesses of law and order
Eunomia (), spirit of good order and laws
Dike (), spirit of moral order and fair justice
Eirene (), spirit of peace
The goddesses of the order of nature
Thallo (), goddess of spring, buds and blooms
Auxo (), goddess of spring growth
Karpo (), goddess of autumn, harvesting and fruits
The goddesses of welfare
Pherousa (), goddess of substance
Euporie (), goddess of abundance
Orthosie (), goddess of prosperity
The goddesses of the times of day
Auge (), first light of the morning
Anatole () or Anatolia (), sunrise
Mousika or Musica (), the morning hour of music and study
Gymnastika, Gymnastica () or Gymnasia (), the morning hour of exercise
Nymphe (), the morning hour of bathing and washing
Mesembria (), noon
Sponde (), libations poured after lunch
Elete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hours
Akte, Acte () or Cypris (), eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hours
Hesperis (), evening
Dysis (), sunset
Arktos (), night sky
The goddesses of seasons
Eiar (), spring
Theros (), summer
Pthinoporon (), autumn
Cheimon (), winter
Korybantes (), the dancers who worshipped Cybele
Damneus ()
Idaios ()
Kyrbas ()
Okythoos ()
Prymneus ()
Pyrrhichos (), god of the rustic dance
Maenades (), crazed nymphs who follow Dionysus
Methe (), nymph of drunkenness
Meliae (), nymphs of honey and the ash tree
Naiades (), freshwater nymphs
Daphne ()
Metope ()
Minthe ()
The Nymphai Hyperboreioi (), gods of the various aspects of archery
Hekaerge (), represented distancing
Loxo (), represented trajectory
Oupis (), represented aim
Oreades (), mountain nymphs
Adrasteia (), a nursemaid of the baby Zeus
Echo (), a nymph cursed never to speak except to repeat the words of others
Oceanides (), freshwater nymphs.
The main ones were: