the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Many kapos, especially the criminals, could be very cruel to prisoners, especially when SS guards were nearby, to show that they were doing their jobs and deserved their special treatment.
They often beat prisoners, and some even killed prisoners.
Some kapos sexually abused young boys and men.
One non-criminal kapo was Josef Heiden.
He was an Austrian political prisoner (someone put in prison because they disagreed with the Nazis' political beliefs).
Prisoners feared and hated him.
He was known as a sadist - someone who liked hurting and torturing people.
He killed several people while he was a kapo.
He was set free from Dachau concentration camp in 1942, and joined the Waffen SS.
Some kapos personally helped the SS mass murder other prisoners.
Beginning in October 1944, the Nazis started transferring criminal kapos to the Dirlewanger Brigade of the Waffen SS.
Kapos had a bad reputation for helping the Nazis and often being cruel.
However, a book written about Jewish kapos says that many kapos felt caught in the middle.
They felt like victims of the Nazis, but at the same time they were helping the Nazis and hurting fellow prisoners.
Many of them felt guilty about what they did, both at the time and after World War II ended.
Kapo ranks
The highest, most powerful job that a prisoner could get was called Lagerältester ("camp leader" or "camp senior").
He (or she) answered directly to the camp's commandant (commander).
The Lagerältester had to make sure that everything ran smoothly in the camps every day.
The second-most powerful kapos were the Blockältester (block or barracks leader) and the Stubenältester (room leader).
The Blockältester was in charge of the prisoners in the barracks, and making sure they followed the rules.
The Stubenälteste was in charge of a specific room within a barracks.
He had to force the prisoners to make the barracks neat and clean.
He was also in charge of the room's hygiene, like killing lice (which spread diseases like typhus).
The Blockschreiber (registrar or barrack clerk) kept records.
For example, he kept track of prisoners during roll calls (where prisoners were forced to stand and be counted over and over).
Work crews outside the camp were controlled by a Vorarbeiter (foreman), a Kapo, or Oberkapo (chief kapo).
These functionaries pushed their fellow prisoners to work harder and harder, hitting and beating them, even killing them.
Kapos could often help other prisoners by getting them into better barracks, or getting them assigned to easier work.
Sometimes, kapos were even able to get other prisoners removed from transport lists when they were scheduled to be sent to death camps.
Some kapos were also able to get prisoners new identities to protect them from persecution When kapos did these things, they usually did them only for people in their own group (for example, people from the same country or political party).
Not every kapo did this, and the ones who did had to be very careful.
If the kapos made the SS angry by helping other prisoners, they would lose their jobs and might even be sent to the gas chambers to be murdered.
Heinrich Himmler described this in a speech:
The moment he becomes a Kapo, he no longer sleeps with [the other prisoners].
He is held accountable for the performance of the work, that they are clean, that the beds are well-built. [...]
So, he must drive his men.
The moment we become dissatisfied with him, he is no longer Kapo, he's back to sleeping with his men.
And he knows that he will be beaten to death by them the first night.—Heinrich Himmler, June 21, 1944
A kapo who the SS liked could have a camp "career" and be promoted from Kapo to Oberkapo and eventually to Lagerältester.
However, he could also just as easily be sent to the gas chambers if he did something the SS did not like.
Bogusław Kaczyński (May 2, 1942 – January 21, 2016) was a Polish classical music journalist.
He was born in  Biała Podlaska, Poland.
He was the author of a classical recording series called The Golden Collection.
He also hosted musical competitions, including the Frederic Chopin Piano Competition, the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition, and the New Year's Concerts in Vienna.
Bogusław Kaczyński – Homepage
Warszawa.
Bogusław Kaczyński kończy 65 lat – e-teatr.pl
Mrinalini Sarabhai (; 11 May 1918 – 21 January 2016) was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and instructor.
She was the founder of the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in the city of Ahmedabad.
She received many awards and citations in recognitions of her work to art.
She trained over 18,000 students in Bharatnatyam and Kathakali.
She was born in Kerala, India.
She was married to renowned physicist Vikram Sarabhai.
Sarabhai was hospitalized in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India for pneumonia on 20 January 2016.
She died the next day of respiratory failure at the age of 97.
Biography of Mrinalini Sarabhai at the website of Darpana Academy
Biography at mkgandhi.org
Mrinalini Sarabhai's Blog
Download Mrinalini Sarabhai's autobiography from her blog
People from Kerala
Germaine Damar (born August 31, 1929) is a Luxembourgian actress and dancer.
She used the stage name Ria Poncelet.
She was born in Petingen, Luxembourg.
Damar started her career as an acrobat and played in nearly 30 German movies, including three movies in which she was the partner of Peter Alexander.
Her best known movies are Mädchen mit schwachem Gedächtnis (1956), Die Drei von der Tankstelle (1955) and So ein Millionär hat's schwer (1958).
Luxembourgian people
Derrick Todd Lee (November 5, 1968 – January 21, 2016) was a convicted American serial killer, nicknamed the Baton Rouge Serial Killer.
He was born in St. Francisville, Louisiana.
He was linked by DNA to the deaths of seven women in the Baton Rouge and Lafayette areas in Louisiana, and in 2004 was convicted, in separate trials, of the murders of Geralyn DeSoto and Charlotte Murray Pace.
The Pace trial resulted in a death sentence.
Newspapers have suggested Lee can be linked to other unsolved murders in the area, but the police lacked DNA evidence to prove these connections.
"DNA Dragnet", CBSnews.com (multimedia presentation)
"Louisiana Serial Killer Derrick Todd Lee Loses State Supreme Court Appeal" September 21, 2015
Sudhindra Thirta (31 March 1926 – 17 January 2016), also known as Shri Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji, was an Indian Hindu religious leader.
He was the legal and spiritual head (mathadipathi) of the Kashi Math and the twentieth successive person called the swamiji of guru parampara.
He was born in Ernakulam, Kerala, India.
Franklin Leal "Frank" Sullivan (January 23, 1930 – January 19, 2016) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball.
He played for the Boston Red Sox (1953-60), Philadelphia Phillies (1961-62) and the Minnesota Twins (1962-63).
SABR Project Biography
Lawrence "Larry" Sanders (born April 25, 1935) is an American-born British academic and politician.
He is a member of the Green Party.
He is the brother of United States senator and Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.
Sanders moved to the United Kingdom in 1968.
He was active in the Labour Party in Oxford in the 1980s.
He left the Labour Party in 2001 because he felt that it had moved too far to the right under Tony Blair, and joined the Green Party.
Sanders was a Green Party county councillor representing the East Oxford division on Oxfordshire County Council, until he retired from the Council in 2013.
He was a candidate to be the Member of Parliament for Witney.
He came in fourth place.
Jess Q. Harnell (born December 23, 1963) is an American voice actor and singer.
He is best known for his voice roles as Wakko Warner in Animaniacs, Ironhide in the Transformers movie series, Chilly in Doc McStuffins and Crash Bandicoot in the video game franchise of the same name.
He has been the voice of Br'er Rabbit in various Disney projects since 1989.
He has been the announcer on America's Funniest Home Videos since 1998.
Harnell and  his wife Cara were married on November 19, 2019.
Jess Harnell at Behind The Voice Actors
Umberto Raho (4 June 1922 – 9 January 2016) was an Italian stage, movie and television actor.
He was born in Bari, Italy.
Raho was known for his roles in The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, The Last Man on Earth, and Superfantagenio.
Mouthparts is a general term used in animal biology (zoology).
It means the various bits and pieces around the opening of the alimentary canal (mouth).
These mouthparts are used by animals to help get their food organised before they swallow it.
All animals have mouthparts except those which absorb their food through their epidermis.
The main variations are chewing, sucking and dissolving
Shield bugs are the Acanthosomatidae, a family of Hemiptera.
There are  55 genera, with about 200 species.
It is one of the least varied families of bugs.
The number of species is quite low for beetles, and it is not known why this is so.
Individually they are fairly common.
Shield bugs, like almost all bugs, live by sucking the sap of plants, usually flowering plants.
They have a "layered" defence system.
From a distance they are difficult to see because they are camouflaged.
Then, they have a tough armoured back.
Lastly, if touched, they give off revolting scents, rather like stink bugs (which are a related group).
Totterdown is a residential area in Bristol, England.
It is just south of the city centre.
It is a short walk from Bristol's main train station, Bristol Temple Meads.
Totterdown is known for its steep residential streets and its colourful houses.
It has many cafes, bistros and pubs.
It is popular for the arts.
It hosts The Totterdown Front Room Arts Trail each autumn.
The Totterdown Music Festival takes place in the summer.
It has easy access to several parks and green spaces - School Road Park, Perrett's Park, Victoria Park and Redcatch Park.
James "Jim" Bowie (pronounced BOO-ee; April 1796 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American pioneer.
He played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution.
He died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history.
He is a folk hero of American history.
The Bowie knife is named after Jim Bowie.
Bowie was born in April 1796 in Logan County, Kentucky.
He was the son of Reason and Elve Ap-Catesby (Jones) Bowie.
Reason was a farmer and operated a Gristmill.
The family moved in February 1800 to New Madrid, Missouri, then part of Spanish Louisiana.
In 1801 they settled on farms in what is now Catahoula Parish, Louisiana.
There Reason and his brothers swore allegiance to the Spanish government.
Reason created a plantation there where he grew cotton and sugarcane.
He also raised livestock and bought and sold slaves.
This is where Jim and his brothers grew up.
As a teenager Bowie floated lumber to market in the Avoyelles and Rapides parishes in Louisiana.
He and his brother Rezin joined the army during the War of 1812.
Their regiment was on its way to join Andrew Jackson at New Orleans when the war ended.
After the war he and his brothers entered into the slave-trading business.
During this time he developed a reputation as a deadly knife-fighter.
He then got into land speculation.
He bought large parcels of land and sold them whenever he could make a profit.
Many of his land claims turned out to be fraudulent.
He and his brothers moved to Arkansas where they soon were involved in new land speculation schemes.
In Texas
In 1830 Bowie moved to Coahuila y Tejas  (now the Mexican state of Coahuila).
There he swore allegiance to Mexico.
He purchased land grants in Stephen F. Austin's colony.
This, and the Cotton mill he bought, allowed him to become a Mexican citizen.
He married Ursula de Veramendi in April 1831 and the couple settled at Saltillo, the capital of Coahuila y Tejas.
In 1833 the capital changed to Monclova.
When the two towns decided to fight over the issue, Bowie supported Monclova.
Urusla and her parents died of choleria in Monclova in September of 1833.
While living in Texas, Bowie had a number of adventures.
One was written about by his brother John in an article: "Early Life in the Southwest—The Bowies" in De Bow's Review of the Southern and Western States (1852).
While looking for a silver mine north of San Antonio Bowie, his brother Rezin and 9 others were attacked by some 150 Comanches.
After killing a number of Comanches during several days of fighting, he and the remaining survivors escaped at night to a nearby settlement.
Antonio López de Santa Anna was the president of Mexico during this time.
He declared himself a dictator in May 1834.
He then got rid of the congress and the state legislatures.
Along with several other Mexican states, Coahuila y Tejas (Texas) rebelled.
At first, the Texans (Tejanos) wanted the 1824 constitution brought back.
But they soon changed to demand independence from Mexico.
Bowie went to San Felipe, Texas to take muskets from a Mexican armory.
He fought at the Battle of Concepción in October 1835 having been made a colonel of volunteers.
In January 1836 he joined William B. Travis as co-commanders of The Alamo.
There they were joined by others including Davy Crockett, who arrived in February 1836.
On February 23, 1836 Santa Anna arrived with an army of up to 6,000 soldiers.
About 189 Texans held off the Mexican army for 13 days.
The Alamo finally fell on March 6, 1836 with nearly all the defenders killed.
One of the few survivors was Sarah the wife of captain Almaron Dickinson.
The knife Bowie was famous for may actually have been designed by his brother, Rezin P. Bowie.
It became history after the sandbar fight on the banks of the Mississippi River in September 1827.
According to his brother John, Jim Bowie was a large man, about  tall and about .
He had light colored hair, grey eyes and a fair complexion.
He has been described as being mild mannered.
But if insulted, he had a terrible temper that quickly came out.
There have been a number of movies about the Battle of the Alamo.
Bowie has appeared as a character in many of them:
The Iron Mistress (1952) starred Alan Ladd as Jim Bowie, the main character.
It was based on the novel of the same name by Paul I. Wellman.
The Last Command (1955 movie) by Republic Pictures features (Sterling Hayden) as Jim Bowie.
Bowie is the main character during the battle of the Alamo and the Texas War of Independence.
The Alamo (1960) by United Artists starred John Wayne as Davy Crockett and Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie.
The Alamo (2004) starred Jason Patric as Bowie.
1956 to 1958, Bowie was the subject of a CBS television series, The Adventures of Jim Bowie.
It was set in 1830s Louisiana, although later episodes ventured into the Mexican province of Texas.
The show, which starred Scott Forbes as Jim Bowie, was based on the 1946 novel Tempered Blade.
1995, Kenneth Tobey portrayed Bowie in the final installment of a Walt Disney miniseries titled Davy Crockett at the Alamo'', which aired on ABC Television on February 23, 1955.
Bowie also is the namesake of rock star David Bowie.
He was born David Robert Hayward-Jones.
Jones changed his name in the 1960s because he feared his name was too similar to Davy Jones, a member of the already famous The Monkees.
He chose the surname Bowie because he admired James Bowie and the Bowie knife, although his pronunciation uses the "bo-e" variant.
What became of Jim Bowie's famous knife?
Luminator Bernocchi is a type of floor lamp.
It was designed by the architect Luciano Baldessari.
The Italian entrepreneur Antonio Bernocchi commissioned the lamp.
Bernocchi's main business was making textiles.
He wanted a lamp which could light the fabrics on display without burning them.
The lamp is made from metal.
Its design was influenced by Futurism.
The  prototype was  presented in 1929, first in the Bernocchi Pavilion  at the Milan Fair and then in the Italian Pavilion at the International Expo in Barcelona.
Lombardia Beni Culturali Luminator Bernocchi
Miloslav Ransdorf (15 February 1953 – 22 January 2016) was a Czech politician.
He served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia from 1 May 2004 until his death.
In December 2015, he was arrested for his apparent role in a bank scandal in Switzerland.
He was born in Rakovník, Czechoslovakia.
MEPs for the Czech Republic
Robert Sassone (23 November 1978 – 21 January 2016) was a French racing cyclist.
He was a member of the Cofidis cycling team.
He rode is the men's madison at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
He also won the men's madison at the 2001 Track World Championships.
He was banned in 2004 for doping.
He was born in Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Sassone had cancer during the final years of his life.
He killed himself on 21 January 2016, aged 37.
Munasinghe Kariyawasam Appuhamilage Don Somadasa Gunawardana (6 March 1947 – 19 January 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician.
He was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka for the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and later the United National Party.
He was Minister of Land from 12 January 2015 until his death.
Nine Network, also known as Channel Nine or simply Nine, is an Australian commercial free-to-air television network.
It is one of the three major television networks in Australia.
It was launched on 16 September 1956.
My Friend and Me
Pinkalicious & Peterrific
Ambat Chacko Jose (; 5 February 1937 – 23 January 2016) was an Indian politician.
He was Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly.
He also served as a Member of Parliament from Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency in Kerala three times between 1996 and 2004.
He was born in Edapally, Ernakulam.
He is the current Governor of Aichi Prefecture since 15 February 2011.
His father is Korean.
Namaste Falls () is a waterfall located in Vedatar in Dhankuta district in Nepal.
It is popular as a tourist destination.
Dhankuta is a district in Nepal.
It is in the Eastern development region.
It's headquarter is Dhankuta.
Municipality and Village Development Committees (VDCs)
Dhankuta ( ) is a town in the hills of eastern Nepal.
It is the headquarters of Koshi Zone.
It is located in Dhankuta district .
Municipalities of Nepal
Achham District () is a district in Nepal.
It is in the Seti Zone.
Mangalsen is the district headquarters of this district.
zones of Nepal
Mangalsen is a municipality in Nepal.
It is the headquarters of the Achham District which is located in the Seti Zone of western Nepal.
Lumbini is a zone of Nepal.
It is in the Western Development Region.
It is the birth place of Gautama Buddha, who became the founder of Buddhism.
Significance of Lumbini
Lumbini is one of the holiest place of Buddhists.
The original name of Gautama Buddha was Sidhhartha Gautama.
Lumbini is  in the Terai region of Nepal.
Lumbini has been listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It is also a significant pilgrimage for Buddhists.
The most sacred place to go in Lumbini is the Mayadevi Temple (Mayadevi is the name of Lord Buddha’s mother).
One can also see the inscriptions on the Ashoka Pillar which say that the Buddha was born in Lumbini.
Other than that, there are many other stupas built by countries like China, Japan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Germany and so on.
There is also a museum where people can see and learn about the ancient history of Lumbini and Gautama Budhha.
There are many other fascinating sites in Lumbini which makes it one of the important districts of Nepal.
It is also a touristic site as many tourists come and visit there.
Lumbini is most visited by Buddhists from all over the world.
Many monks do their prayers everyday.
Rapti ( ) is a zone, in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.
It is named after the Rapti river.
Karnali () is a zone in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.
Its headquarters is Jumla.
It is a remote region with no roads in or out.
Karnali is accessed by several airfields.
It is one of the poorest regions in Nepal.
Bheri () is a zone of Nepal.
It is in the Mid-Western Development Region.
Its administrative headquarters is Nepalgunj.
Mahakali (), is a zone of Nepal located in the Far-Western Development Region.
It has occupied an area of 6,205 km2 Nepal.
Biratnagar () is a major industrial city and the second largest city in Nepal.
Its geographical location is 26°28'60"N 87°16'60"E. The city is located in the Morang District in the Kosi Zone of Nepal.
Morang District ( ), a district of Nepal.
It is in the Koshi Zone, in the Terai plain area.
Jhapa () is an Eastern district in Nepal.
It is in Mechi Zone of the Eastern Development Region.
Jhapa is considered to be one of the most educated and developed districts in Nepal.
It is also popular for rice production and tourism.
A lysozyme is a part of the innate immune system.
They are enzymes which are in mucus secretions like saliva.
They protect against infection by chopping up the bacteria, viruses and fungi which infect animals.
The name 'lysozyme' was coined in 1922 by Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), the discoverer of penicillin.
Fleming first observed the antibacterial action of lysozyme when he treated bacterial cultures with nasal mucus from a patient suffering from a common cold.
Lysozyme is in a number of secretions, such as tears, saliva, milk, and mucus.
It is also present in cytoplasmic granules of macrophages and granulocyte neutrophils.
The enzyme works by attacking polymers in the cell walls of bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria like  Bacillus and Streptococcus.
Lysozyme was the second protein structure, and the first enzyme structure,  solved by X-ray diffraction methods.
It was the first enzyme to be fully sequenced that contains all twenty common amino acids.
It was also the first enzyme to have a detailed, specific mechanism suggested for its action.
This work led to an explanation of how enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by their physical structures.
Stephen Hendry (born 13 January 1969) is a Scottish former professional snooker player.
He has won the World Championship seven times, a record in the modern snooker era.
Hendry started playing snooker in 1981, aged 12, and became at 16 years the youngest ever professional.
He finished his professional career 27 years later after his defeat in the 2012 world championship.
In his career he was between 1990 an 1998 and again 2006/2007 snooker's world number one.
Actual Hendry operates as a commentator for BBC Snooker.
Stephen Hendry at snooker.org
Steve Davis (born 22 August 1957) is an English former professional snooker player.
He was born in Plumstead, London.
He has won the World Championship six times and dominated snooker in the eighties of the 20th century.
Davis started his professional career in 1978.
Ten years later he became the first player to complete snooker's Triple Crown by winning the UK Championship, Masters, and World Championship in the same season.
Steve Davis at snooker.org
The Alamo is a 1960 American historical-western epic movie about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo.
It was produced and directed by John Wayne.
The movie starred Wayne as Davy Crockett.
The picture also stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie.
The movie was filmed on location in Texas and released by United Artists.
The long 3 hour and 12 minute movie (not counting intermission) was not historically accurate.
The Alamo (1960), IMDb
John Higgins (born 18 May 1975) is a Scottish professional snooker player.
He has won the World Championship four times.
He has also lost in the final four times.
Higgins started his professional career in 1992.
Because of a betting scandal in 2010, he was banned for six months, but successfully returned to the World Snooker Tour.
John Higgins at snooker.org
Ray Reardon (born 8 October 1932) is a former Welsh snooker player who dominated his sport in the seventies of the 20th Century.
He has won the World Championship six times.
The former policeman and miner started his professional snooker career in 1967, which ended in 1992.
As the world's best player, he was replaced by Steve Davis.
Ray Reardon at World Snooker
Eileen Heckart (March 29, 1919 – December 31, 2001) was an American movie, television and stage actress.
She was born Anna Eileen Herbert. "
Heckart" is the last name by which she was known for most of her life.
On Broadway, she acted in The Bad Seed, Picnic, Barefoot in the Park, A Memory of Two Mondays and The Cemetery Club.
In movies, she acted in The First Wives Club.
She also appeared in the Clint Eastwood movie Heartbreak Ridge.
On television, Heckart acted in Partners in Crime, Love Story and The Mary Tyler Moore Show.
Heckart was born in Columbus, Ohio.
She died of lung cancer in Norwalk, Connecticut at age 82.
The December 1969 nor'easter was a strong winter storm.
It affected the Northeastern United States and Quebec.
It included a tornado outbreak, record snow accumulations, a damaging ice storm, and flooding rains.
Altenburg Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Austria.
It was founded in 1144 by Countess Hildeburg of Poigen-Rebgau.
It is located in Horn, near Sankt Pölten, in Lower Austria.
The site is known for its Baroque architecture today.
Altenburg Abbey website
1144 establishments
The Bad Seed is a 1956 American horror movie.
It has elements of film noir.
This movie is based on the 1954 play of the same name.
On her piano, eight year old Rhoda Penmark (played by Patty McCormack) plays the French song "Au clair de la lune" while her father says his good-byes and goes on military duty.
Rhoda is under the care of her mother Christine (Nancy Kelly).
Rhoda begins as a well-behaved child.
As the movie goes on, she becomes evil and sinister.
She commits murder, steals and sets fires.
Nancy Kelly as Christine Penmark
Patty McCormack as Rhoda Penmark
Henry Jones as Leroy Jessup
Eileen Heckart as Hortense Daigle
Evelyn Varden as Monica Breedlove
William Hopper as Col.
Kenneth Penmark
Paul Fix as Richard Bravo
Jesse White as Emory Wages
Gage Clarke as Reginald 'Reggie' Tasker
Joan Croydon as Claudia Fern (as Joan Croyden)
Frank Cady as Henry Daigle
This was one of Warner Bros. biggest movies of the year.
It took in $4.1 million in the American box office.
It was also popular in the British box office.
The Bad Seed was remade for television in 1985.
Patty McCormack (born Patricia Ellen Russo, August 21, 1945) is an American actress.
She acts in theater, television and movies.
She played eight year old sociopath and killer Rhoda Penmark in The Bad Seed.
She also played Joanna Wilkes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure made from material that conducts electricity.
It is used to block electric fields.
The Faraday cage is named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, who invented it in 1836.
An electrical field outside the cage causes electric charges in the cage's conducting material to move around and cancel the field's effect inside the cage.
It protects sensitive electronic equipment from external radio frequency interference (RFI).
Faraday cages are also used to enclose devices that produce RFI, such as radio transmitters, to prevent their radio waves from interfering with other nearby equipment.
They are also used to protect people and equipment against actual electric currents such as lightning strikes and electrostatic discharges.
The enclosing cage conducts current round the outside of the enclosed space and none passes though the inside space.
Ilam district () is a district in Nepal.
It is in the Mechi Zone of the Eastern Development Region.
The population was 290,254 according to the census of 2011.
Ilam ( ) is a municipality in the Ilam District of Nepal.
It is in the hilly region of Mechi zone in eastern Nepal.
It is the headquarters of Mechi Zone and Ilam district.
Panchthar district () is a district in Nepal.
Phidim is a municipality of Nepal.
It is in the Panchthar District of the Mechi Zone.
This municipality was made on 18 May 2014 by merging Phidim, Chokmagu and Siwa villages.
Phidim Today, a news portal run by Phidimese youth
The Kathmandu Post: The Ferment in the eastern hills
How a peace corps volunteer boosted my morale
Somewhere above Phidim
Phidim in pictures
Arghakhanchi () is a district in Nepal.
It is in the Lumbini Zone in the western region.
The district headquarters of this district is Sandhikharka.
Arghakhanchi.com news portal
Sandhikharka () is a municipality in Nepal.
It is the headquarters of Arghakhanchi District, in the Lumbini Zone of Nepal.
On 18 May 2014, it was converted into a municipality by merging Sandhikharka, Bangla, Narapani, Khanchikot, Kimadada, Argha and Dibharna VDCs.
Samsung Galaxy Note is a series of smartphones and tablet computers made by Samsung Electronics.
They use Android as their operating system.
The models are mainly for pen computing.
All Galaxy Note models come with a stylus pen.
They have a Wacom digitizer that turns handwriting into text.
A phablet () is a type of mobile device designed to combine the format of smartphones and tablet computers.
The name itself is a combination of the words phone and tablet.
Phablets have screens that measure diagonally .
This size allows for activities such as mobile web browsing and watching videos.
Elisabeta Polihroniade (24 April 1935 – 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player and journalist.
She became a Woman Grandmaster in 1982.
She was also an International Arbiter.
She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977.
She was born in Bucharest.
Elisabeta Polihroniade chess games at 365Chess.com
Ian Barry Brickell  (26 October 1935 – 23 January 2016), better known as Barry Brickell, was a New Zealand potter and conservationist.
He was the founder and builder of the Driving Creek Railway in the Coromandel Peninsula, a popular tourist attraction.
He was born in New Plymouth and grew up in Auckland.
James Warren "Jimmy" White (born 2 May 1962 in London) is an English professional snooker player.
He is one of the most popular players
Jimmy White at World Snooker
Baglung District ( ) is a district in Nepal.
It is in the Dhawalagiri Zone.
The district headquarters is Baglung.
The district covers an area of .
In 2011, it had a population of 268,613.
Baitadi District ( ) is a district of Nepal.
It is in the Mahakali Zone.
Baitadi is the headquarters of this district.
Baitadi Khalanga or Baitadi is a town and the headquarters of the Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal.
According to the 1991 Nepal census it had total population of 5,352.
There were 1,011 houses in the town.
It shares an international border with Uttarakhand, India.
The two are separated by the Mahakali River.
This part of Nepal is less developed than the eastern part of the country.
John Parrott (born 11 May 1964 in Liverpool) is an English former professional snooker player.
He was twice in the finals of the World Snooker Championship.
In 1989, he lost to Steve Davis, in 1991 he defeated Jimmy White.
Parrott started his professional career in 1989, in the 2010/11 season he lost his place in the world rankings.
He is now a snooker commentator.
John Parrott Homepage
James Stewart Bain (19 December 1947 – 23 January 2016) was a Scottish musician.
He was best known as a bassist for the rock bands Rainbow and Dio with Ronnie James Dio.
He also works with the Scorpions, John Cale, Gary Moore and wrote for Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott.
He was born in Newtonmore.
Funen () is an island in Denmark.
It is the third-largest island in the country.
The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a seldom-used canal.
There are bridges that carry roads and railways to and from Funen.
The Great Belt Bridge links Funen to the island of Zealand in the east, while the Old Little Belt Bridge and New Little Belt Bridge link Funen to Jutland in the west.
The Kiel Canal is a waterway in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.
The canal connects the North Sea from the River Elbe to the Baltic Sea at Kiel.
The Canal is about  long.
The canal was first opened to traffic on 19 June 1895.
It was then improved to allow the largest warships to pass through.
The formal reopening of the improved canal was on June 24, 1914.
The Kiel Canal is the busiest artificial waterway for seagoing ships worldwide.
In 2014, 32,600 ships passed through the waterway.
École Centrale de Lyon is a graduate school in engineering in France.
It is in a campus of the Écully (East of France).
Ingénieur Centralien de Lyon (Centralien Graduate engineer Master's degree level program)
Masters  & PhD (doctorate studies)
Mastères Spécialisés (MS).
Education and research are performed mainly in French and English languages.
Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different classes at École Centrale de Lyon.
Most of the 1500 engineering graduate students at École Centrale de Lyon live in residential buildings near the research labs on campus.
These are also shared with 6,000 students from EMLYON Business School.
The school is member of the French aerospace network France AEROTECH.
Hervé Renaudeau, French aerospace engineer
The parliament of Azerbaijan, the National Assembly (Milli Məclis), has 125 members.
Before 2005, 100 members were elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies and 25 members were elected by proportional representation.
Since 2005 all 125 members are elected in single-seat constituencies.
Opposition political parties beside the New Azerbaijan Party are allowed but are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.
On Sunday, 1 November 2015, the most recent parliamentary elections were held.
On Wednesday, 9 October 2013, the most recent presidential election was held.
Latest elections
2013 Presidential election
2015 Parliamentary election
+/–
|align=left|New Azerbaijan Party||1,340,770||47.20||69||–2
|align=left|Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party||42,459||1.49||1||0
|align=left|Civic Solidarity Party||37,561||1.32||2||–1
|align=left|Great Order Party||34,156||1.20||1||0
|align=left|Motherland Party||28,483||1.00||1||–1
|align=left|Musavat||24,995||0.88||0||0
|align=left|Azerbaijan Social Prosperity Party||22,003||0.77||1||0
|align=left|Party for Democratic Reforms||21,044||0.74||1||0
|align=left|Unity Party||15,070||0.53||1||+1
|align=left|Party of Hope||14,815||0.52||0||–1
|align=left|Civic Unity Party||13,548||0.48||1||0
|align=left|Azerbaijan Democratic Enlightenment Party||13,279||0.47 ||1||+1
|align=left|National Revival Movement Party||12,043||0.42||1||New
|align=left|Classic Popular Front Party||11,671||0.41||0||0
|align=left|Azerbaijan Communist Party||11,426||0.40||0||0
|align=left|Social Democratic Party||11,288||0.40||1||+1
|align=left|Azerbaijan National Independence Party||10,526||0.37||0||0
|align=left|Justice Party||6,507||0.23||0||–1
|align=left|Azerbaijan People's Party||6,152||0.22||0||0
|align=left|Citizen and Development Party||3,374||0.12||0||0
|align=left|Democratic Azerbaijan World Party||3,230||0.11||0||0
|align=left|Great Azerbaijan Party||2,807||0.10||0||0
|align=left|Azerbaijan Democratic Party||2,746||0.10||0||0
|align=left|AMDEP||481||0.02||0||New
|align=left|Independents||1,150,413||40.50||43||–3
|align=left|Invalidated||–||–||1||–
|align=left|Invalid/blank votes||33,696||–||–||–
|align=left|Total||2,874,543||100||125||0
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout|| || ||–||–
|align=left colspan=5|Source: MSK
2009 Constitutional referendum
Past elections
Azerbaijani presidential election, 2018
Azerbaijani presidential election, 2013
Azerbaijani presidential election, 2008
Azerbaijani presidential election, 2003
Azerbaijani presidential election, 1998
Azerbaijani presidential election, 1993
Azerbaijani presidential election, 1992
Azerbaijani presidential election, 1991
Parliamentary elections
Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2015
Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2010
Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2005
Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2000–2001
Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 1995–1996
Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 1990
Constitutional referendums
Azerbaijani constitutional referendum, 2009
Azerbaijani constitutional referendum, 2002
Azerbaijani constitutional referendum, 1995
Other referendums
Azerbaijani vote of confidence referendum, 1993
Adam Carr's Election Archive
Azerbaijan – Parliamentary Elections, 2005
Baltimore, California, a former settlement
Baltimore, Indiana, a now-extinct 19th-century town
Baltimore, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus
Baltimore, Tennessee
Baltimore, Vermont
Baltimore Town, California, a former settlement
Baltimore Township, Michigan
Baltimore, Ontario, Township of Hamilton, Ontario
Baltimore, County Cork
Baltimore (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), English politician and coloniser
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), English peer
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715)
Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715), English nobleman and politician
Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751), British nobleman
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771), English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore
Charli Baltimore (born 1974), American rapper/hip-hop artist
David Baltimore (born 1938), American biologist and 1975 Nobel Prize laureate
John Baltimore (born 1978), American conductor
Baltimore club, a genre of house and dance music
Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland
Baltimore Ravens, American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
Baltimore Stallions, former Canadian Football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
Baltimore Bullets, former name of Washington Wizards, National Basketball Association team
Hei Hei is a suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand.
It is located in the west of Christchurch  from the centre of the city.
State Highway 1 runs through it.
The area was subdivided for poultry farming after World War I for the men returning from war, but the plan failed due to the poor soil conditions.
The place name is a Māori word.
It means noise, disturbance, storm, dust.
Dedham is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
It is one of the oldest towns in the United States.
It was started in the 1600s.
Josip Friščić (15 August 1949 – 23 January 2016) was a Croatian politician.
He was a leader of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) from 17 December 2005 until 28 January 2012.
He was also Vice President of Croatian Parliament from 2008 to 2011.
He was born in Subotica Podravska near Rasinja, SFR Yugoslavia.
The January 2016 United States blizzard was a severe winter weather event.
The weather caused multiple states in the Mid-Atlantic to declare a state of emergency.
The blizzard happened between January 20 and 25, 2016.
On January 20–22 the governors of eleven states, plus the mayor of Washington, D.C., declared a state of emergency in expectation of significant snowfall and blizzard conditions.
Approximately 85 million people were estimated to be in the storm's path.
More than 33 million were under blizzard warnings.
Over 10,000 flights were canceled because of the storm.
New York City was put under a travel ban on January 23.
A snow emergency was declared for Washington, D.C. just before that.
Two to three feet of snow fell from Virginia to New England.
Snow also fell in Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.
2016 disasters
2016 in the United States
2016 in weather
Changchun () is the capital and largest city of the Jilin province of China.
The name of the city means "Eternal Spring".
In the year 1800, the Jiaqing Emperor set up a trading post in a small village to trade furs and other goods.
This village later became Changchun Ting.
After Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931, the Japanese established the capital of the newly formed puppet state, Manchukuo, in Changchun.
The Japanese renamed the city Shinkyō (kanji: 新京, meaning: New Capital), and it is here where the Japanese established the former Emperor Pu-yi as the Emperor of Manchukuo.
During the Japanese occupation, the Japanese built much of the infrastructure that still stands today, including the Manchukuo Imperial Palace, the First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, the Palace of Geology, and several others.
On August 20, 1945, the Soviet Union's Soviet Red Army entered the city, captured Emperor Pu-yi, and drove the Japanese out.
They stayed there until the Kuomintang drove them out in 1946.
The KMT held the city until 1948, when it got overwhelmed by the communist PLA in 1948.
During the Siege of Changchun, up to 80% of civilians starved to death.
The Chinese took down few of the Japanese buildings because they were already so well-built that the Chinese thought it would be a waste to tear them down.
Nonetheless, the tumblers that Starbucks sells in Changchun feature the Changchun Railway Station out of all the other monuments in the city, due to the fact that it itself is not a Japanese-made building.
Asghar Farhadi (, born 7 May 1972 Homāyūnshahr, Isfahan) is an Iranian movie director and screenwriter.
For his work as a director, he has received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film among other awards.
He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the world by Time magazine in 2012.
Iranian movie producers
Iranian screenwriters
In music, a call and response is a series of two parts usually played or sung by different musicians.
The second part is heard as a comment about or an answer to what the first has sung.
This mimics or makes fun of how people talk back and forth to each other.
Call and response uses the simple musical form of a verse and then a chorus used in many cultures or traditions.
These songs are usually energetic and fun to listen to.
Call and response singing is common in modern Western popular music.
This is because of the influence of African music.
Some cross-over rhythm and blues, jazz, soul, rock 'n' roll and rock music have a call and response style, as well.
One of the best known is the song "Ooh Poo Pah Doo", written and first recorded by Jessie Hill.
The song is said to be "a nonsensical yet rollicking call-and-response workout that perfectly captures the energy of French Quarter life", by a reviewer for Allmusic.
The song is so popular, it has over 100 cover versions recorded and performed live over the years by other popular musicians.
Call and response is common in folk and choral singing of many people, especially in African musical cultures.
In the West, it is most often seen in African-American work songs, military marches, and  Québecois folk songs.
The style is also used in dance-songs of various European countries including France (particularly Brittany) and the Faroe Islands.
In Cuban music and other latin music genres such as salsa, call and response between the lead singer and the chorus is called coro-pregón.
A singer makes a musical statement, and then the musical chorus answers together.
American bluesman Muddy Waters uses call and response in one of his best known songs, "Mannish Boy".
The entire song is almost entirely leader/chorus call and response.
CALL: Waters' vocal: "Now when I was a young boy"
RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)
CALL: Waters': "At the age of 5"
Call and Response:  Phrasing Ideas for Creating Memorable Guitar Solos
Gospel Music History  - Gospel Music Encyclopedia citing the origins of the different types of call and response and different gospel music style
Syed Muhammad Usman Marwandi (1149–1299), better-known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar , was a Sufi poet from Afghanistan.<ref>Sarah Ansari (1971) Sufi Saints and Pirs of Sindh, 1843–1947.
Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1971, p 87, 88, 89</ref>  He belonged to the Suhrawardi order of Sufis.
He shifted from Afghanistan and went and settled in Sindh area of India (now in Pakistan).
His shrine in Sehwan Sharif'', Sindh,Pakistan, is still visited by many people.
1299 deaths
Ninh Bình () is a province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta region of the northern part of the country.
Ninh Bình has a very short coastline on the Gulf of Tonkin.
The population is 898,500 people.
Ninh Bình province covers a total area of .
The province is known for its limestone caves and grottos (manmade caves).
Ninh Binh was the first imperial capital of Vietnam from 968 to 1010 under the Đinh, Lê and Lý dynasties.
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach or VT) is a type of tachycardia (a fast heart rate).
The heart has four chambers (closed spaces).
The top two are called the atria, and the bottom two are called the ventricles.
When the heart is working normally, electrical signals in the heart tell the to atria squeeze first.
However, in ventricular tachycardia, the ventricles squeeze first.
This happens because the electrical signals that tell the atria to squeeze first are not working.
Ventricular tachycardia is a medical emergency.
First of all, if the heart is beating too fast, it does not have time to refill with blood between beats.
This means that the heart will not be able to squeeze out enough blood to the rest of the body.
Most people in ventricular tachycardia have a heart rate of at least 170 beats per minute.
This is very fast.
(A normal heart rate is 60-100.)
Ventricular tachycardia can also cause low blood pressure.
If the blood pressure gets low enough, important parts of the body, like the brain, will not get enough blood and oxygen to survive.
The most common symptoms of ventricular tachycardia are feeling dizzy, having palpitations (feeling the heart pounding inside the chest), having trouble breathing, or chest pain.
Some people with ventricular tachycardia do not have any symptoms, especially if the V-tach lasts for only a few seconds.
When a person's heart rate is very high, or the ventricular tachycardia lasts for more than a few seconds, the person may faint or become unconscious because their brain is not getting enough blood and oxygen.
In the worst cases, their heart may stop, or they may die.
A doctor can diagnose ventricular tachycardia by doing an electrocardiogram (also called an ECG or an EKG).
This is a test that shows the electrical activity in the heart.
The doctor will be able to see that the electrical signals that tell the atria to squeeze first are not working.
Ventricular tachycardia can be treated in a few different ways.
Treatment depends on whether the patient still has a pulse.
If the patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia, their heart is beating so fast that it cannot squeeze out any blood.
Cardioversion
If a person still has a pulse, ventricular tachycardia can usually be stopped through cardioversion.
Cardioversion means using medication or an electric shock to make the heart start beating normally again.
Two different types of defibrillators can be used.
An external defibrillator is a machine that delivers a shock through two sticky pads that are placed on the person's chest.
However, some people who have already been diagnosed with V-tach have surgery to put a defibrillator inside their chest.
This is called an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
This type of defibrillator shocks the heart automatically when it goes into V-tach.
If a person goes into pulseless ventricular tachycardia, first aid can be helpful.
9-1-1 or the local emergency telephone number should be called immediately.
Then - like in any situation where a person suddenly becomes unconscious and has no pulse - cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started right away.
An emergency medical dispatcher can help explain how to do CPR until an ambulance gets there.
Ventricular tachycardia can be caused by many different things.
The most common cause is ischemic heart disease (heart disease that causes the heart to not get enough oxygen).
Cardiomyopathies (diseases that affect the heart muscle)
Diseases like sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis that can affect the whole body, if they attack the heart muscle
Problems with electrolytes, like not having enough potassium, calcium, or magnesium
Illegal drugs like methamphetamine or cocaine
Certain kinds of medications
Sometimes doctors cannot find a cause for ventricular tachycardia.
This is called idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.
Ventricular tachycardia causes most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States.
It causes about 300,000 deaths every year.
Have ischemic cardiomyopathy (their heart muscle was damaged by not getting enough oxygen); and
Have ventricular tachycardia that comes and goes
Even for high-risk people, treatment with medications like beta blockers can help.
So can implantable cardio-defibrillators.
The January 2016 East Asia cold wave was a cold weather system that covered East Asia.
Eighty-five people from Taiwan died due to the cold temperatures.
There were six deaths in Japan from the winter storms.
Four people in China died from gas poisoning.
2016 in Asia
Mass Effect 2 is a video game on the PlayStation 3.
It is made by Electronic Arts.