the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
After routing the Persian wings, the hoplites on the Athenian wings wheeled inwards, destroying the elite troop at the Persian centre.
This was a crushing victory for Athens.
Throughout the Greco-Persian Wars the hoplite phalanx continued to defeat the Persian infantry (e.g. the battles of Thermopylae and Plataea).
Perhaps the best example of the phalanx's flexibility was the oblique advance made in the Battle of Leuctra.
There, the Theban general Epaminondas thinned out the right flank and centre of his phalanx, and deepened his left flank to an unheard-of 50 men deep.
This reversed the convention by which the right flank of the phalanx was strongest.
The new arrangement allowed the Thebans to assault in strength the elite Spartan troops on the right flank of the opposing phalanx.
Meanwhile, the centre and right flank of the Theban line were echeloned back, from the opposing phalanx, keeping the weakened parts of the formation from being engaged.
Once the Spartan right had been routed by the Theban left, the remainder of the Spartan line also broke.
Thus by heading with the powerful wing, Epaminondas was able to defeat an enemy previously thought invincible.
Philip II of Macedon spent several years in Thebes as a hostage, and paid attention to Epaminondas' innovations.
When he got home he raised a revolutionary new infantry force, which was to change the face of the Greek world.
Phillip's phalangites were the first force of professional soldiers in Ancient Greece (apart from Sparta).
They were armed with much longer spears and were drilled more thoroughly in more complex tactics and manoeuvres.
More importantly, though, Phillip's phalanx was part of a multi-faceted, combined force that included a variety of skirmishers and cavalry, most notably his famous Companion cavalry.
The Macedonian phalanx now was used to pin the centre of the enemy line, while cavalry and more mobile infantry struck at the foe's flanks.
Its supremacy over the more static armies fielded by the Greek city-states was shown at the Battle of Chaeronea, where Philip II's army crushed the allied Theban and Athenian phalanxes.
Harold "Mush" March (18 October 1908 – 9 January 2002) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player that played 17 seasons in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks.
March was best known for scoring the game-winning second overtime goal in Game 4 of the 1934 Stanley Cup Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the Chicago Black Hawks.
He was also the first recorded player to win the Stanley Cup on an overtime goal.
March won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Black Hawks again in 1938.
He scored the very first goal in Maple Leaf Gardens on November 12, 1931 and also dropped the very same puck that he used to score the first goal during the ceremonial opening faceoff as part of the final game played at the Gardens.
March was the last surviving member of Black Hawks 1934 Stanley Cup team.
Independence Day (; Youm-e-Azadi), observed annually on 14 August, is a National holiday in Pakistan, commemorating the day when Pakistan achieved independence and was declared a sovereign nation, following the end of the British Raj in 1947.
Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement; the Pakistan Movement aimed for creation of an independent Muslim state by partition of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent and was led by All-India Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
The Oh-My-God particle was a really tiny portion of matter or energy (undefined) moving incredibly fast.
It was first spotted on the evening of 15 October 1991 over Dugway Proving Ground in Utah and shocked many astrophysicists.
It has an estimated energy of  (50 J)—in other words, a subatomic particle with kinetic energy equal to that of a baseball () traveling at about .
That amount of energy is also 50 times the energy that a collision in the Large Hadron Collider would have.
The speed of the particle was almost the speed of light.
If a year were to pass in a race between a ray of light and the particle the distance will be 0.00000046 millimetre or be behind 0.00000000000000015 seconds.
Doru () is a town of Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Jiddu Krishnamurti (11 May 1895 – 17 February 1986) was an Indian-born speaker on philosophical and spiritual subjects.
His career had two clearly distinct stages.
In the first, he was the pupil and eventually leader of the new religious movement known as Theosophy.
In the second part he rejected Theosophy and every belief associated with it, saying: "I maintain that truth is a pathless land, and you cannot approach it by any path whatsoever, by any religion, by any sect".
Krishnamurti was born into a Brahmin family in what was then British India.
In early adolescence, he had a chance encounter with prominent occultist and high-ranking theosophist Charles Webster Leadbeater in the grounds of the Theosophical Society headquarters at Adyar in Madras (now Chennai).
He was subsequently raised by Annie Besant and Leadbeater, leaders of the Society at the time.
They believed him to be a "vehicle" for an expected World Teacher.
While he was young, Besant had control over his life, and won a court case for custody of Krishnamurti and his brother.
As a young man, Krishnamurti disavowed Theosophy and dissolved the worldwide organization (the Order of the Star in the East) established to support it.
He resigned from the various trusts and other organizations which were affiliated with Order of the Star, and the Theosophical Society.
He returned the monies and properties donated to the Order, among them a castle in the Netherlands and  of land, to their donors.
From then on he claimed allegiance to no nationality, caste, religion, or philosophy.
He spent the rest of his life travelling the world, speaking to large and small groups and individuals.
He authored many books, among them The First and Last Freedom,  The Only Revolution, and Krishnamurti's Notebook.
Many of his talks and discussions have been published.
Krishnamurti did not accept followers nor worshippers.
He thought the relationship between disciple and guru encouraged dependency and exploitation.
He accepted gifts and financial support freely offered to him by people inspired by his work, and continued with lecture tours and the publication of books and talk transcripts for more than half a century.
He constantly urged people to think independently, and he invited them to explore and discuss specific topics together with him.
His subject matter included: psychological revolution, the nature of mind, meditation, inquiry, human relationships, and bringing about change in society.
He stressed the need for a revolution in the psyche of every human being and emphasized that such revolution cannot be brought about by any external entity, be it religious, political, or social.
His supporters, working through non-profit foundations in India, Great Britain and the United States, oversee several independent schools based on his views on education.
They continue to transcribe and distribute his thousands of talks, group and individual discussions, and writings by use of a variety of media formats and languages.
France was taking American ships in 1797.
President John Adams wanted to avoid a war with France, so he sent officials to France to discuss the rights of neutral nations.
However, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, sent three secret agents who insisted that America give a loan to France and pay a bribe.
President Adams refused the offer that France gave.
When he told the public in 1798, he addressed the Frenchmen as X, Y, and Z, hence the name of this affair.
People hated the XYZ Affair, saying, “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
America soon quickly declined France’s offer.
John Adams decided to start preparing for unofficial war, but not declaring war so as to keep peace.
Craig Defoy (born 27 March 1947) is a Welsh professional golfer.
Defoy played on the European Tour.
He did not win but had three second-place finishes.
The Deep Space Network is NASA's group of large antennae at three stations around world.
They are at Madrid, California, and Canberra, approximately 120 degrees apart around the Earth.
They communicate with satellites and probes in space.
The antennas are also used as radio telescopes to learn about stars and other natural things in space.
Edwin McMasters Stanton (December 19, 1814 – December 24, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the United States Secretary of War under Abraham Lincoln administration during most of the American Civil War.
Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory under the command by Ulysses S. Grant.
Stanton was born in Steubenville, Ohio, the eldest of four children to David and Lucy Norman Stanton.
Throughout his childhood and adult life Stanton suffered from asthma.
Stanton studied at Kenyon College.
He was also from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He was married to Mary Lamson from 1836 until her death in 1844.
They had two children; Lucy Lamson and Edwin Lamson.
Then he was married to Ellen Hutchinson.
His brother David committed suicide.
Stanton died on December 24, 1869 in Washington, D.C. from respiratory failure, aged 55.
Biography from "Impeach Andrew Johnson".
Mr. Lincoln and Friends: Edwin M. Stanton Biography.
Mr. Lincoln's White House: Edwin M. Stanton Biography.
Lawyers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Samuel Jones Tilden (February 9, 1814 – August 4, 1886) was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the United States from which he lost to Rutherford B. Hayes in one of the most contentious and violent American elections in the 19th century.
Tilden was also Governor of New York from January 1, 1875 through December 31, 1876.
Tilden was born on February 9, 1814 in New Lebanon, New York.
He studied at Yale University and at the University of New York.
Tilden was never married and had no children.
Tilden died on August 4, 1886 in Yonkers, New York from natural causes, aged 72.
Tilden's gravestone has the phrase "I still trust the people" on it.
Samuel Tilden.com
Hayes-Tilden election described in detail, compared to Bush-Gore election
Horatio Seymour (May 31, 1810 – February 12, 1886) was an American politician and lawyer.
He was the 18th Governor of New York from 1853 to 1854 and from 1863 to 1864.
He was the Democratic Party nominee for president of the United States in the presidential election of 1868, but lost the election to Republican and former Union General of the Union Army Ulysses S. Grant.
Seymour was born in Pompey Hill, New York on May 31, 1810.
He studied at Geneva College.
He was married to Mary Bleecker.
Seymour died on February 12, 1886 from an illness, aged 75.
His wife, Mary Bleecker died a month later also from an illness.
Mr. Lincoln and New York: Horatio Seymour
First Edition 1862 Report on Horatio Seymour Winning New York Governor's Race.
Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician from Illinois.
He was a U.S. Representative, a U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party nominee for President in the 1860 election, losing to Republican Abraham Lincoln.
Douglas had previously defeated Lincoln in a Senate contest, noted for the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858.
He was nicknamed the "Little Giant" because though short in physical stature, he was a forceful and even dominant figure in politics.
Douglas was born on April 23, 1813 in Brandon, Vermont.
He was raised in Jacksonville, Illinois.
He was married to Martha Martin from 1847 until her death in 1853.
Then he was married to Adele Cutts from 1856 until his death in 1861.
Douglas died from pneumonia caused by Typhoid fever in Chicago, Illinois on June 3, 1861, aged 48.
Project Gutenberg text of Life of Stephen A. Douglas by William Gardner
Page images of two Speeches made by Douglas, one on the Compromise of 1850
Lawyers from Vermont
Surtur is a fictional character that appears in comic books by Marvel Comics.
The character is based on the giant Surtr from Norse mythology.
The Phaistos disc is a bronze age artifact.
The disc  is about  in diameter and is made of clay.
It is covered with many symbols.
It is from the civilization of Minoa on the Greek island of Crete, possibly from the 2nd millennium BC.
The symbols cover both sides of the disc.
They show everyday things.
They were stamped onto the disc, pressed into the clay when it was still soft.
They run in a spiral.
This disc is the first known "printed" work in history; in the sense that there was a re-usable set of characters and drawings.
It is the only artefact of its kind.
Many questions have been asked about the disc, about its purpose, and if the signs shown actually represent writing.
In total, there are 242 tokens on the disc, taken from a set of  45 unique signs.
There are arranged in 61 groups, separated by lines.
Groups are between two and seven stamps long.
Because the "text" is very short, and the disc is unique, it is likely that it will not be deciphered.
Christopher Michael  Pratt (born June 21, 1979) is an American actor.
He is known for his television roles as Harold Brighton "Bright" Abbott in the series Everwood, Ché in The O.C. (2003), and Andy Dwyer and Parks and Recreation (2009), a role which garnered him a Critics' Choice nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013.
He also was the voice of Emmet in the 2014 animated film The Lego Movie and The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019).
In recent years, Pratt is known for his role as Owen in the Jurassic Park movie series beginning in the 2015 movie Jurassic World and continuing in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018).
Pratt was born in Virginia, Minnesota on June 21, 1979.
He was raised in Lake Stevens, Washington.
He married Anna Faris in 2009.
Their son, Jack Pratt, was born August 25, 2012.
In 2017, Pratt and Faris legally separated and divorced in 2018.
He later married author Katherine Schwarzenegger in 2019.
Joseph Albert Rosario "Rosie, Lolo" Couture (July 24, 1905 – March 1, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player that played 8 seasons in the NHL; 7 seasons for the Chicago Black Hawks and 1 season for the Montreal Canadiens.
Couture won the Stanley Cup with the Black Hawks in 1934.
Couture along with Leroy Goldsworthy were given the task of helping identify the body of their Black Hawks teammate Jack Leswick when Leswicks body was pulled out of the Assiniboine River in August of 1934.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was a bill in the United States.
It was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.
It is also known as Obamacare.
The law addresses health insurance coverage, health care costs, and preventive care.
The law was enacted in two parts: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law on March 23, 2010 and was amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act on March 30, 2010.
Individuals who have low or no income, or their household meets a certain income threshold, they may qualify for a government subsidy to help them afford the insurance needed to cover rehab.
Subsidies offered through the ACA include the premium tax credit and the cost-sharing subsidy.
Parts of the act
There is now no limit on how long a person can get health care from a company.
If an insurance company wants to make people pay more for their coverage, they have to give an explanation of their decision to the public.
The amount that a person pays for health care, called an insurance premium, must now be used by the insurance companies only for health care.
This money cannot be used for other things, like paying workers.
Health care that goes to preventing sickness is now free for many people.
This is called preventive care.
Health care plans now give people more choices for doctors.
People can also get emergency health care at hospitals that are not covered by their health insurance.
Because of this law, children can use the health insurance of their parents until they are 26 years old.
Children under 19 years old have to be given good health insurance by insurance companies, even if they are very sick before they purchase health insurance.
This means that health insurance companies cannot limit coverage to only healthy children.
Individual mandate
People who do not have health insurance will have to pay a tax until they get health insurance.
This part of the act is called the individual mandate.
The Supreme Court of the United States decided that the government has a right to give this tax under the United States Constitution.
The amount that people will have to pay if they do not have health insurance will increase every year until 2016.
Some people without health insurance will not have to pay this tax, such as poor people who cannot get insurance for free.
Companies and workers
In 2015, companies that have more than 50 full-time workers will be responsible for giving these workers health insurance.
Companies who have fewer than 50 workers will not have to do this.
A full-time worker is a person who works for more than 30 hours a week at one job.
Health insurance marketplace
If you do not have health insurance, then you can purchase insurance on the Health Insurance Marketplace.
You can also purchase insurance on the marketplace if the company that you work for gives you insurance and you are not happy with it.
People can use the Health Insurance Marketplace to buy insurance on the website Healthcare.gov.
If people want health insurance by January 1st, 2014, they have to register for the insurance on this market by December 15th, 2013.
If they register after December 15th and they do not get health insurance by January 1st, then they will probably have to pay the tax from the individual mandate.
There are ways to contact someone who works for the government if you have problems registering for health insurance on this market.
Each health insurance on this market has to pay for a person’s prescription medicine, emergency health care, maternity care, mental health care, rehabilitation, and many other things.
Maternity care is given to pregnant women to take care of their children.
Medicaid expansion
Medicaid is health insurance given to people with low income that is paid by the states and the federal government.
Medicaid will be expanded so that more people can use it.
States can choose if they want to expand Medicaid.
If they choose to do this, then the federal government will pay for the majority of the cost of Medicaid.
Disapproval
Effect on companies
People were worried that companies would not hire new workers or would make people work for less than 30 hours in one week so that they would not have to pay for health insurance.
There have been some stories of companies doing this, but there are no statistics to support it.
There are 27 states that are not happy with the Medicaid expansion.
The Supreme Court of the United States decided that these states do not have to expand Medicaid, even if the federal government wants them to.
Government shutdown
In October 2013, the government stopped working for 16 days because Republicans refused to raise the debt ceiling unless President Obama agreed to repeal the Affordable Care Act.
They led to the shutdown of the government.
Over 800,000 people who work for the government were not paid during this time and the government had to pay them back after the shutdown ended.
Death panels
In August 2009, Sarah Palin, a person who used to be a candidate for vice president, said to the news that the Affordable Care Act would create death panels.
She said that these death panels would be a group of people who would decide whether or not an older person was to receive health care or whether they should die.
Many news companies and people who do research have shown that what she said is not true.
2017 repeal effort
On May 4, 2017, the American Health Care Act of 2017 (AHCA) was passed narrowly by the United States House of Representatives with a vote of 217 to 213, sending the bill to the Senate for voting This is the second time the AHCA was voted in the House as the first version was not approved by the House in March 2017.
President Donald Trump supported the passage of the AHCA and supports the idea of replacing and removing Obamacare.
Constitutional challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Contraceptive mandate
David Zubik
Legal challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
HealthCare.
The National Assembly is Benin's legislative body.
It is unicameral, meaning there is only one legislative body.
In 2012 the National Assembly has 83 members.
Members are directly elected through a system of party-list proportional representation.
They serve five-year terms.
Osborne was born on May 3, 1932 in Colfax, Washington.
He was raised in Whitman County, Washington.
Osborne was gay.
His life partner was David Staller from 1996 until his death in 2017.
Robert Osborne's column  in The Hollywood Reporter
Angélique Kpasseloko Hinto Hounsinou Kandjo Manta Zogbin Kidjo, commonly known as Angélique Kidjo, is a Beninoise singer-songwriter and activist.
She is noted for her diverse musical influences and creative music videos.
Time Magazine called her "Africa's premier diva".
The Guardian listed her as one of their Top 100 Most Inspiring Women in the World.
She was the first woman to be listed on "The 40 Most Powerful Celebrities In Africa" by Forbes Magazine.
Pretty (1988) (African release only)
Parakou (1990)
Logozo (1991)
Ayé (1994)
Fifa (1996)
Oremi (1998)
Keep On Moving: The Best Of Angelique Kidjo (2001)
Black Ivory Soul (2002)
Oyaya! (
Djin Djin (2007)
Õÿö (2010)
Spirit Rising (Live) (2012)
Danish Music Awards: Best Female Singer (Denmark, 1995)
Kora Music Awards: Best African Female artist (Africa, 1997)
Mobo Awards for Best World Music Act (UK, 2002)
Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album (USA, 2008)
Commander of the National Order of Benin (Benin, 2008)
Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary World Music Album (USA, 2011)
Beninese people
Dhobi Ghat or Dhoby Ghaut is a word used in various parts of South Asia.
It means a place where the traditional dhobi caste of washermen and women go to wash clothes.
The word usually means a place near a river or stream, in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, but a Dhobi Ghat  doesn't necessarily have to be near a source of natural water.
The world's largest Dhobi Ghat is said to be in Mumbai, India.
It figured in the famous  Dhobi Ghat (2010).
Djimon Gaston Hounsou (born April 24, 1964) is a Beninese-American actor and model.
As an actor, Hounsou has been nominated for two Academy Awards.
In 1987, he became a model and started a career in Paris.
He moved to the United States in 1990.
In the Marvel Cinematic Universe he plays the role of Korath the Pursuer in Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and in Captain Marvel (2019).
Also, in the DC Extended Universe, he played the role of the Fisherman King in Aquaman (2018), and the wizard Shazam in Shazam! (
Wally Badarou (born Waliou Jacques Daniel Isheola Badarou, 22 March 1955, Paris, France) is a musician from Benin.
Badarou played with the British band Level 42.
Badarou helped organise the Kora All Africa Music Awards in 1997.
He co-wrote and produced So Why, a charity album for the ICRC.
1979: Back to Scales Tonight
1984: Echoes
1985: Chief Inspector (EP)
1989: Words of a Mountain
1997: So Why
2001: Colors of Silence : Musical poetry for Yoga
2009: The Unnamed Trilogy
1981: Dickie Jobson: Countryman
1982: Nathalie Delon & Yves Deschamps: They Called It an Accident
1985: Hector Babenco: Kiss Of The SpiderWoman (additional music)
1991: Lol Creme: The Lunatic
1997: Idrissa Ouedraogo: Kini & Adams
1997: Don Letts & Rick Elgood: DanceHall Queen
1999: Chris Browne: Third World Cop
2000: John Berry: Boesman & Lena
Producer (and co-producer)
1979: Janic Prévost - J'veux d'la Tendresse
1981: Alain Chamfort - Amour Année Zéro
1983: Marianne Faithfull - A Child's Adventure (& co-writer)
1985: Level 42 - World Machine (& co-writer)
1986: Alain Chamfort - Tendres Fièvres (& co-writer)
1986: Fela Ransome Kuti - Teacher Don't Teach Me NonSense
1987: Level 42 - Running in the Family (& co-writer)
1988: Level 42 - Staring at the Sun (& co-writer)
1990: Level 42 - Guaranteed (& co-writer)
1993: Level 42 - Forever Now (& co-writer)
1995: Salif Keita - Folon
1996: Carlinhos Brown - AlfaGamaBetizado
1998: Yannick Noah & Zam Zam - Zam Zam
1998: Wasis Diop - Toxu
2000: Trilok Gurtu  -The Beat Of Love (& co-writer)
2001: i Muvrini - Umani
Gnonnan Sossou Pierre Kouassivi, known by the stage name Gnonnas Pedro was a singer and musician from Lokossa, Benin.
He is best known as the lead singer of Africando between 1995 and his death in 2004.
Dadjes: The Band Of Africa (1975)
Gnonnas Pedro (Disco Stock, 1979)
El Cochechivo (Ledoux, 1981)
Agbadja (Syllart, 1999)
Irma koi (Syllart, 1999)
The best of Gnonnas Pedro (2003)
With Africando
Gombo Salsa (Stern's Africa STCD1071, 1996)
Baloba (Stern's Africa STCD1082, 1998)
Mandali (Stern's Africa STCD1092, 2000) Credited to Africando All Stars.
Released in France as Betece
Sono CDS8907, double CD, 2001) Out of print
Martina (Stern's Africa STCD1096, 2003)
Ketukuba (Stern's Africa STCD1103, 2006) Released after his death.
1940s births
Zam Zama or Zam-zammah also often called the 'terror of Northern India' is an old cannon.
It is made of brass and was made in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1762, on the orders of the Afghan king.
Ahmad Shah Durrani.
It was of great size back then, and had tremendous fire-power, and all armies opposing the Afghans were terrified of it in the region.
The cannon was later damaged in a military campaign and sank to the bottom of the Chenab River from where it was recovered and captured by the victorious Sikh Khalsa forces of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
After that, the Punjab region fell under Sikh rule, giving birth to the superstition that 'whoever holds Zam Zama holds the Punjab'.
The cannon was later taken to Delhi but brought back to Lahore in 1870 and installed outside the old Lahore Museum and then later on shifted outside the present museum building in the 1890s, opposite to the old campus of the University of the Punjab.
It was later restored and cleaned up in the 1990s.
During the period of British India, Zam Zama achieved special fame when the writer Rudyard Kipling mentioned in the opening pages of Kim (book), published in 1901.
The Lahore Museum or Ajaib Ghar (Urdu: Wonder House) is a museum in the city of Lahore, India and Pakistan.
It is the largest and best museum in the country.
The original old Lahore Museum was made during British Indian times in the 1860s, in what had been the old 'Punjab Exhibition Hall' and the famous gun Zam Zama was installed outside it in 1870.
This old museum, along with the Punjab School of Arts (later the Mayo College of Arts) was looked after by John Lockwood Kipling (1837-1911) father of the writer Rudyard Kipling, who mentioned the museum and Zam Zama in his Kim (book) (1901).
In 1894, the museum's 'new' building was completed and it shifted there the same year, right opposite the old campus of the University of the Punjab, on the Mall.
At present, the Lahore Museum is set in its beautiful grounds and has one of the best collections of arts and artifacts in its galleries in South Asia.
Especially notable are: (a) its ancient Gandhara Buddhist sculptures (b) its Tibetan and Hill States collection (c) its famed collection of miniature paintings from the Mughal Empire and the Pahari school and (d) its excellent collection of contemporary paintings by some of Pakistan's most prominent artists such as Ustad Allah Bux, A.R. Chughtai, Shakir Ali, Sadequain, Gulgee and others.
Lahore Museum Official Website
Lahore Museum as it looked in 1900
Museums in Pakistan
Don't Break the Oath is the second studio album by Mercyful Fate, a heavy metal band from Denmark.
Some people who make music and people who talk about music think it is one of the best heavy metal albums ever.
In the 1980s, there were a lot of bands in Europe playing heavy metal.
Many of them were playing music like bands from the United Kingdom, in a way that was called the New Wave of British Heavy Metal (or NWOBHM for short).
There were a lot of hard rock bands, too, and there were a lot of things hard rock bands and NWOBHM bands both did.
Mercyful Fate was one of the first few NWOBHM bands to be different from hard rock bands on purpose.
King Diamond, the singer and leader of Mercyful Fate, painted his face with upside-down crosses and wrote lyrics about Satan, Hell, and things like that.
Hank Shermann, the band's guitarist, played very fast and with a lot of guitar solos to help make the band sound evil.
Mercyful Fate had already started to do these things in 1983 with their last album, Melissa.
How they played their instruments
Hank Shermann and Michael Denner wrote the songs in a way that fit well with King Diamond's singing.
Like on Melissa, King Diamond sang in a high-pitched way that was different from other heavy metal singers.
What the songs are about
All of the ideas in all of the songs are evil.
They talk about things like bringing back people from the dead, casting black magic, and witches and demons.
Worshipping Satan is a special subject, and is talked about on almost every song.
"A Dangerous Meeting" – 5:12
"Nightmare" – 6:21
"Desecration of Souls" – 4:57
"Night of the Unborn" – 5:02
"The Oath" – 7:34
"Gypsy" – 3:10
"Welcome Princess of Hell" – 4:06
"To One Far Away" – 1:31
"Come to the Sabbath" – 5:18
People who made the album
People who played music on the album
King Diamond – singing, keyboards
Hank Shermann – guitar
Michael Denner – guitar
Timi "Grabber" Hansen – bass
Kim Ruzz – drums
People who helped make the album sound right
Bill Turjancik – producer
Henrik Lund - producer, engineer
Niels Erik Otto – engineer
Didier Demazière is a French sociologist specialized in the study of unemployment.
He is senior researcher at  French National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS).
L'injonction au professionnalisme.
Analyse d'une dynamique plurielle (The injunction professionalism.
Dynamic analysis of a plural), with Valérie Boussard and Philip Milburn, (2010).
Sociologie des groupes professionnels.
Acquis récents, nouveaux défis (Sociology of professional groups.
Recent achievements, new challenges), with Charles Gadéa, (2009).
Sociologie des chômeurs (Sociology of unemployed), (2006), ()
Analyses textuelles en sociologie.
Logiciels, méthodes, usages (Textual analysis in sociology.
Software, methods, uses), (2006).
Analyser les entretiens biographiques (Analyze the biographical interviews), with Claude Dubar, 2004. ()
Le chômage.
Comment peut-on être chômeur ? (
How can you be unemployed?), (
Chômeurs: du silence à la révolte.
Sociologie d'une action collective (Unemployed: from silence to revolt.
Sociology of collective action), with Maria Teresa Pignoni, (1999).
Le chômage de longue durée (The long-term unemployment), (1995).
La sociologie du chômage (The sociology of unemployment), (1995).
Longue durée.
Vivre en chômage (Long-term.
Living in unemployment), with Marc Helleboid and Jacques Mondoloni, (1994).
Le chômage en crise?
La négociation des identités des chômeurs de longue durée (Unemployment crisis?
Negotiation of identities of long-term unemployed), (1992)
A legal clinic or law clinic is a place where people get legal help.
They are non-profit organizations.
Clinics can be found in many countries.
When legal clinics were first started, they were a way for law students to get practical experience.
Many legal clinics offer pro bono work.
A.R. Chughtai or in full Abdur Rahman Chughtai (1897-1975) was a Pakistani artist and painter.
He was well known for his unique style of painting deeply influenced by the miniature paintings of the Mughal Empire.
Ustad Allah Baksh (1895-1978; ) was a very well known early modern artist and painter of Pakistan.
He is best known today for his depictions of rural life in the country and for subjects from Hindu and Persian mythology.
Whenever Pakistan's folk culture and life will be talked about, the name of Ustad (ustad means a maestro) Allah Baksh will stand out prominently.
He was the man who immortalized our rural life, and specially of the Punjab – the land where he was born in 1885 in the small town of Wazirabad, Punjab.
His very near-to-life life-size paintings are full of colour, life and people that forces an onlooker to stop in his tracks and appreciate his masterly work of art.
He died in October 1978.
His grave can be found at Muslim Town graveyard, Lahore.
Ustad Allah Bakhsh was lucky to have found Master Abdullah, a great maestro of his own time and a master of miniature art.
He started learning from his ustad at the age of five and by the age of fourteen he had become an artist of his own style.
He also learnt the art of painting from Master Meeran Bakhsh Naqash, a known teacher and painter and was also the Vice Principal of the Mayo School of Arts, now the National College of Arts Lahore.
His art treasure has been preserved in the National art gallery is an exclusive corner attributed to one of the great master painters of Pakistan and Indo-Pak subcontinent.
Besides, his studio where he used to spend most of his time has been converted into an academy "Allah Bux Academy" which is now serving as a learning ground for those who wants to excel in this great master's style.
Henna, also known as mehandi or mendhi is a flowering plant.
It has been used since ancient times to dye skin, hair, fingernails, leather, cotton, wool and other fabrics.
The name is also used for the dye or color preparation derived from the plant, and for the art of making temporary tattoos or designs from these dyes.
These henna tattoos are often used in wedding ceremonies.
The English name "henna" comes from the Arabic  (or colloquially , loosely pronounced /ħinna/).
The natural dye is still mostly used in Arabia, the Middle East, India, and Pakistan.
Relieves Oxidative Stress: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in the production of free radicals.
It causes hair loss, hair damage, breakage, and premature greying of hair.
Henna has antioxidant properties that help reduce oxidative stress.
Tom Brady, QB
Brian Hoyer, QB
James White, RB
Dion Lewis, RB
Rex Burkhead, RB
Dominicans () are inhabitants or citizens of the Dominican Republic.
The Dominican Republic is a multi-ethnic country in the Caribbean basin which is home to people of many different racial, ethnic, national and cultural backgrounds which has often become a great pride for many Dominicans.
The people and the race
It is estimated that some 894,000 enslaved Africans were brought to Dominican Republic between 1717 and 1870 (and more before 1717).
The slaves came from various West African regions, but the majority came from primarily the Congo region (present-day Angola, Congo, Gabon, and Cameroon) and the gold coast/Guinean (present-day Ghana and Guinea).
In addition, many immigrants arrived from other places around the world.
After the last smuggled slave ship that arrived in 1898, many Chinese people came to the island due to the Chinese Revolution, along with the Arabs of North Africa (Morocco or Algeria) and Indians.
Immigration from Europe, most notably Spaniards, Italians and Germans occurred during the later parts of the nineteenth century into the beginning of the twentieth century, mostly settling in Santo Domingo and in rural areas in the Cibao valley alike.
During World War II, the Dominican Republic became the only nation to take in Jewish refugees by orders from then president Rafael Leonidas Trujillo.
Nearly 800 German and Austrian Jews settled in the town of Sosua, Puerto Plata.
Today, much of the contemporary Dominican population is largely Black and Mulatto.
The Dominican Republic itself is 45% Mulatto,  40% Black, and 15% White.
Studies have indicated that up to 15% of all Dominicans carry maternal Taino-Arawak lineage, figures which are higher in rural areas.
Other studies often indicate that the average Dominican is 60% African , 35% European (Mostly Spanish) and 5% Taino-Arawak, but these figures also vary by region as the purest Blacks is lives mostly in the Coastal lowland  regions of the country.
Bodo nationalism is an ideology that supports self-determination for the Bodo people.
The Bodo people are said to be persecuted and discriminated against by Muslim groups in the Indian state of Assam.
The Somme is a river in the north of France, in the  Hauts-de-France region, and gives its name to the department called Somme.
The name of the river is of Celtic origins, and refers to the tranquility of the river over much of its course.
The river is known for the Battle of the Somme, which was an important battle of the First World War.
The source of the Somme is in the Fonsomme commune (Aisne), at an altitude of about .
Aisne : Fonsomme, Saint-Quentin
Somme : Ham, Péronne, Corbie, Amiens, Abbeville, Saint-Valery-sur-Somme
The Somme river flows through 49 communes.
Avre - 66.2 km;
Selle - 38.9 km;
Saint-Landon - 13.2 km;
Airaines - 12.8 km;
Omignon - 32 km;
Cologne - 23.2 km;
Tortille - 16.1 km;
Ancre - 37.4 km;
Hallue - 15.8 km;
Nièvre - 22 km;
Scardon - 12.4 km;
Different archeological finds have been discovered in its valley: The Acheulean culture is named after Saint-Acheul, a suburb of Amiens.
Hand axes from the Palaeolithic period were found there, and gave this name to the respective period.
Banque Hydro - MEDDE, «Synthèse de la Banque Hydro»
The United National Liberation Front (UNLF) is an insurgent group in the state of Manipur in the North east of the Republic of India.
The UNLF wants to make Manipur an independent Socialist state.
Ghost Dance was a new religious movement among Native Americans.
It was active from about 1860 to about 1890.
These people had been forced to change their ways of life, and had lost much of their culture and identity.
The Ghost Dance promised them that if they performed the "Dance" and lived the right way, they could re-unite the living and the dead, they would again be given most of the things they had lost to the whites, and the people who had caused such misery would be driven away from their land.
There were also real dance rituals that they did to represent their spiritual path.
There was a lot of activity twice: the first time around 1860, and the second time around 1890.
Around 1860, a Native American (Paiute) called Wodziwob had a vision.
He saw that the white people would be driven away, and the people would be reunited with their ancestors' spirits, called "ghosts".
He was also told how to do the dance ritual.
The movement spread rapidly.
Each tribe added its own elements into the Ghost Dance.
The first phase ended around 1872, because it did not have success, and Wodzivob said that he was possibly wrong.
The second wave started about twenty years later.
A man called Wovoka who worked at an LDS Mormon ranch started it.
He was influenced by the new faith, and by some of its ideas, such as sending apostles to spread the faith.
This movement spread wider, and was again adapted to each tribe's culture.
The Lakota also adopted the idea of a messiah.
The Lakota lived on a reservation, and the local authorities saw this as threat, when they saw 25,000 natives dance.
This led to the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, where many Natives were killed.
Wovoka wrote a letter in 1892 to the other tribes telling them that Jesus had just returned to earth that year, and that if they lived upright lives, they would be getting their lands and culture again some day, and the dead would live.
He stayed out of public sight for the rest of his life after giving this message, and lived until the 1930s.
The Suiko period  was an era of 25 years during the Asuka period of Japanese history.
This period overlaps all but 7 years of Empress Suiko's reign (604-628) or it is used as a synonym for her reign (593-628).
The  adoption of the sexegenary cycle calendar (Jikkan Jūnishi) was a significant event in the reign of Empress Suiko.
This pre-dates the system of  which was started in 645.
Events of the Suiko period
604:  In the 12th year of Suiko's reign, Japan organized its earliest Imperial calendar, also known as the "Suiko period".
628: In the 35th year of Suiko, the empress abdicated; and the period ended.
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (
Japan encyclopedia.
OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (
1834).
Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran).
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
OCLC 5850691
Tsuchihashi, Paul, S.J. (1952). .
Tokyo: Sophia University.
OCLC 001291275
Zöllner, Reinhard. (
Japanische Zeitrechnung: ein Handbuch Munich: Iudicium Verlag. ;
OCLC 249297777
A ballast tamper is a machine used to make railway tracks level.
It is like the railway version of a road roller but instead of only squashing the high parts, it also lifts the track out of dips.
Before tamping machines were made, tamping was done by lots of people with shovels.
The machines make tamping quicker and the track is more level than if tamping is done by hand.
Also, some new tracks and sleepers are too heavy to be lifted by hand, so a tamper has to be used.
WFMU is a listener-supported, radio station based in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States.
It uses a freeform radio program format.
This means each personality or disc jockey who goes on the air, gets to decide what music to play.
WFMU is the longest-running freeform radio station in the U.S.
Official Homepage The official site of WFMU.
Christiana Guinle is a Brazilian producer and actress of stage, movies and television.
She graduated from the Royal Shakespeare Company.
Theater Actress
Homer’s Odissey – won Mambembe best actress award
O Ateneu, by Raul Pompéia - won Mambembe best new actress award
Medea, by Eurípedes
LuLu, by Frank Wedekind
The Blind, by Ghelderode – Shell best actress award nominee
Raised in Captivity, by Nicky Silver
Theater Actress and Producer
Hell is Other People, based on Jean-Paul Sartre’s Huis-Clos – Molière best actress award nominee
O Anjo Negro (The Dark Angel), by Nelson Rodrigues – won A.P.C.A. best actress award
The Lady from the Sea, by Ibsen – won Shell best actress award
God, by Woody Allen
A Espera (The Wait), by Luiz Fernando Carvalho – the film won Gramado best film award
Mil e Uma (One Thousand and One), by Suzana Morais about Marcel Duchamp’s work
Metalguru, by Flavio Colker – won Berlin’s alternative festival best actress award
Chiquinha Gonzaga, by Manoel Carlos – television miniseries about the life of Chiquinha Gonzaga (Brazilian composer, pianist, and conductor), broadcast by Rede Globo Network
A Casa das Sete Mulheres (The House of Seven Women), by Maria Adelaide Amaral - television miniseries broadcast by Rede Globo Network
Um Só Coração (Just One Heart), by Maria Adelaide Amaral - television miniseries broadcast by Rede Globo Network
JK, by Maria Adelaide Amaral - television miniseries about the life of Juscelino Kubitschek (President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961),  broadcast by Rede Globo Network
Brazilian stage actors
Jack "Jackie" Earle Haley (born July 14, 1961) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in Little Children, Nightmare on Elm Street, Watchmen, Human Target, Dark Shadows, Lincoln, London Has Fallen and Alita: Battle Angel.
Haley was born on July 14, 1961 in Northridge, California.
He was married three times, both ended in divorce.
He was married to Amelia Cruz since 2004.
He has a son, Christopher, and a daughter, Olivia.
River Jude Phoenix (August 23, 1970 – October 31, 1993) was an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, musician, and activist who is known for his roles in The Thing Called Love, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Dark Blood, My Own Private Idaho, I Love You To Death and in Stand by Me.
His brother was actor Joaquin Phoenix.
Phoenix was born on August 23, 1970 in Madras, Oregon to Arlyn Sharon Dunetz and to John Lee Botton.
He was the oldest of four.
Phoenix never married and had no children.
Phoenix died on October 31, 1993 in West Hollywood, California from a drug overdose and heart failure, aged 23.
Alan Cumming OBE (born 27 January 1965) is a Scottish actor who is known for his roles in The Smurfs, Spy Kids, Son of the Mask, and in X2.
He won an Drama Desk Award and an Tony Award.
Cumming was born on 27 January 1965 in Aberfeldy, Perthshire, Scotland.
Cumming is openly bisexual.
He was married to Hilary Lyon from 1985 until they divorced in 1993.
He had been in a civil partnership with Grant Shaffer since 2007.
Cumming gained American citizenship in 2008; he has been a dual British-American citizen since then.
The sport
The origins of tent pegging are ambiguous and subject to some controversy.
Some historians and other scholars believe it originated in Arabia, others believe that it might have evolved in Central Asia, while others still believe in its Indian origins.
It is believed that people have practised the game of tent pegging since at least the 4th century BC, and over the ages Middle Eastern, Asian and later European empires popularized the game around the world.
The term "tent pegging", however, historically emerged from the attacks by Arabian Muslim cavaliers on enemy camps at dawn or late night, where they would gallop to their tents and pluck out the pegs of their tents, so that these would collapse on them, thus causing havoc and terror in the camp.
Several old medieval Arab books give descriptions of such tactics.
Today, tent pegging is practised around the world, but is especially popular in Australia, Pakistan, India, Israel, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom.
The Olympic Council of Asia included tent pegging as an official sport in 1982, and the International Federation for Equestrian Sports recognised it as an official equestrian discipline in 2004.
However, it is important to recognize the difference between tent pegging as an 'international sport' and the local, rural version of the sport played by the traditional tribal peoples such as the Bedu in the Middle East and Oman, the Desi horsemen of Pakistani and Indian Punjab and so on.
The former is a milder sport, whereas the latter is a fiercer and more commanding contest.
Syed Sadequain Ahmed Naqvi  (1930-1987) also referred to as Sadequain Naqqash or simply Sadequain, was a famous Pakistani artist.
He is best known for his skills as a calligrapher and a painter.
Leavenworth is a city in the state of Kansas in the United States.
It is the county seat of Leavenworth County.
It is also the biggest city in the county.
Leavenworth is about  northwest of Kansas City, Missouri.
There were 35,251 people living in Leavenworth in 2010.
The city of Leavenworth was started in 1854.
It was the first incoporated city in Kansas.
The city is south of Forth Leavenworth.
The fort is the oldest active Army post west of the Mississippi River.
Fort Leavenworth was started in 1827 by Colonel Henry Leavenworth.
At first, the fort was outside of the city.
On April 12, 1977, the city took over the fort and it became part of the city.
There are many jails, prisons, and detention centers in Leavenworth.
The most famous prison is the Leavenworth federal prison.
The United States military also has a maximum security prison in Leavenworth.
This prison is called the United States Disciplinary Barracks.
The Kansas State Penitentiary and the state medium security prison are also close to the city.
One of the famous people who was in Leavenworth prison was Ricardo Flores Magon.
Flores Magon was an anarchist from Mexico. (
An anarchist is someone who thinks that there should be no government.)
He was an important person during the Mexican Revolution (1910).
He died in Leavenworth prison in 1922.
Some people think that the guards killed him.
Other people think he died of natural causes.
There are some vaults underneath the city.
These are big rooms underground.
The vaults were found very recently.
Historians (people who study history) think that the vaults were used for slaves, fugitives (people hiding from the law), or commerce (buying and selling things.)
The University of Saint Mary is in Leavenworth.
The University is run by the Sisters of Charity.
The coordinates for Leavenworth are  (39.3111112, -94.9224637).
The city is  above sea level.
It covers  of land and  of water.
Leavenworth is on the west bank (side) of the Missouri River.
It is in the Dissected Till Plains region of the Central Lowlands of North America.
Four tributaries of the Missouri River go through the city.