the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Giscard d’Estaing was seen as an important person in modernising France and making the European Union strong.
He was popular because his presidency passed many small social reforms, such as lowering the voting age by three years, allowing divorce by common consent, and legalising abortion.
However, he was unable to fix the great economic crisis of his term, a worldwide economic recession caused by a massive increase in oil prices.
His foreign policy was remembered for his close relationship with West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt.
Together they helped expand and made Europe's economic power stronger as they pushed for the European Monetary System and helped create the G-7 system.
After he lost in 1981, Giscard d'Estaing retired for a short time from politics.
In 1984, he was re-elected to his seat in the National Assembly and won the presidency of Auvergne.
He was President of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions from 1997 to 2004.
In 1982, along with former U.S. President Gerald Ford, Giscard d'Estaing co-founded the annual AEI World Forum.
He has also was a member of the Trilateral Commission after being president.
Giscard d'Estaing hoped to become prime minister after the re-election of Mitterrand, but he was not chosen for this job.
During the 1988 presidential campaign, he did not support two of his two former Prime Ministers Jacques Chirac and Raymond Barre.
Giscard d'Estaing was President of the UDF from 1988 to 1996.
Most of the UDF politicians supported the candidacy of the RPR Prime Minister Édouard Balladur at the 1995 presidential election, but Giscard d'Estaing supported Chirac, who won the election.
In 2000, he created a proposal to limit the length of a presidential term from seven to five years, a proposal that eventually won its referendum proposal by President Chirac.
Following his retirement from the National Assembly his son Louis Giscard d'Estaing was elected.
In 2003, Giscard d'Estaing became a member of the Académie française.
In 2004, he became a member of the Constitutional Council.
His support for creating a European Constitution, were criticised.
Many believed Giscard should have been removed from the council and be given a life membership in the Senate.
He supported the presidential campaigns of Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007 and François Fillon in 2017.
In 2013, Giscard d'Estaing supported same-sex marriage in France.
European activities
Giscard d'Estaing was a supporter of a stronger European Union.
From 1989 to 1993, Giscard d'Estaing was a member of the European Parliament.
From 1989 to 1991, he was also chairman of the Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group.
From 2001 to 2004, he was President of the Convention on the Future of Europe.
On 29 October 2004, the European heads of state approved and signed the European Constitution based on a draft supported by Giscard d'Estaing's work at the Convention.
Although the constitution was not approved by French voters in May 2005, Giscard d'Estaing continued to support for its passage in other European Union states.
In 2008 he became the Honorary President of the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture.
On 27 November 2009, Giscard d'Estaing started the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture during its first meeting, held at the European Parliament.
Giscard d'Estaing's name was often shortened to "VGE".
He was also known as l'Ex, especially during the time he was the only living former president.
On 17 December 1952, Giscard d'Estaing married Anne-Aymone Sauvage de Brantes.
His family did not live in the presidential Élysée Palace during his presidency.
In 1974, Le Monde reported that he used to leave a letter about where he was in case of an emergency.
In May 2020, Giscard d'Estaing was accused of touching a German journalist's buttocks during an interview in 2018.
He denied the accusations, saying that he never did this, however apologised to the reporter.
In 2005, he and his brother bought the castle of Estaing.
However, many newspapers in different countries why they bought with many believing they wanted to become French nobility.
It was put up for sale in 2008 for €3 million It is now owned by the Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Foundation.
Giscard d'Estaing wrote his second romantic novel, published on 1 October 2009 in France, titled The Princess and the President.
It tells the story of a French leader having a romantic affair with a character called Patricia, Princess of Cardiff.
This caused many rumours that the book was based on a real-life affair between Giscard d'Estaing and Diana, Princess of Wales.
He later said that such an affair never happened and that the book was fictional.
On 14 September 2020, Giscard d'Estaing was hospitalised for breating problems at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris.
He was later diagnosed with a lung infection.
He was hospitalised again on 15 November, but left the hospital on 20 November.
Giscard d'Estaing died of problems caused by COVID-19 on 2 December 2020 during the pandemic in France at his Authon, Loir-et-Cher home, aged 94.
His funeral and burial was held on 5 December in Authon with forty people going the event.
President Emmanuel Macron released a statement calling Giscard d'Estaing a "servant of the state, a politician of progress and freedom".
Macron declared a national day of mourning for Giscard d'Estaing on 9 December.
Former presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande, 2017 presidential candidate Marine Le Pen, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and European Union leaders Charles Michel, David Sassoli, and Ursula von der Leyen all talked positively about Giscard d'Estaing's role in modernising France and relations with the European Union.
In 1966, he was made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic.
In 1973, Giscard d'Estaing was honored with the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
In 1975, Giscard d'Estaing was honoured with Portugal's Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword.
In 1976, he was honoured with the Order of the Bath, and Order of the Southern Cross.
In 1978, Giscard d'Estaing was made Knight of the Order of the Elephant and honoured with the Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry by Portugal.
That same year, he was honored with the Order of Charles III by Spain.
In 1980, Giscard d'Estaing was honoured with the Order of the Seraphim.
In 2003, Giscard d'Estaing received the Charlemagne Award of the German city of Aachen.
Biography on the French National Assembly website
First and second-round results of French presidential elections
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Mohammad Hasan Sharq (born 17 July 1925) is an Afghan politician during the communist regime of Afghanistan.
Sharq became Prime Minister of Afghanistan or Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet-backed government, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
He was selected as a back-up candidate after the Loya Jirga ratified a new constitution in 1987.
However, the power of his office was relatively small compared with the ones of the Presidency.
Abdelsalam Atalla Al Majali (   ; born 18 February 1926) is a Jordanian medical doctor and politician.
He served twice as the Prime Minister of Jordan.
Prime Ministers of Jordan
Chau Sen Cocsal (; 1 September 1905 – 22 January 2009), also known as "Chhum" (), was a Cambodian civil servant and politician.
He served as Prime Minister of Cambodia for a short period of time in 1962.
Chhum was  old at the time of his death.
This makes him the oldest lived former Prime Minister.
De Lopez, T.T. (2009). "
A final goodbye to Cambodia's last great civil servant", Phnom Penh Post, 28 January
Norodom Sihamoni (2009). "
Lettre de SM Norodom Sihamoni du Cambodge à Lok Chumtiev Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", 22 January.
Pomonti, J.C (2009). "
Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum Mémoire d'un siècle".
Cambodge Soir, 68, 29 January - 4 February
Royal Palace (2009). "
Biographie de Samdech Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Antoine Pinay (; 30 December 1891 – 13 December 1994) was a French conservative politician.
He served as Prime Minister of France from March 1952 through March 1953.
He died in Saint-Chamond, Loire, at the age of 102.
He is the third longest-lived national head of government or head of state in history, behind Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum and Celâl Bayar.
Willem Drees (; July 5, 1886 – May 14, 1988) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and its predecessor the SDAP.
He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 7, 1948 until December 22, 1958.
Before entering national politics Drees was a member of the municipal council and also an alderman of The Hague.
During this time he was also a member of the Provincial States of South Holland.
Biography at Parlement.com
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch provincial politicians
Martin E. Sullivan (February 9, 1944 – February 25, 2014) was an American museum director.
He served as Director of the United States National Portrait Gallery from 2008 to 2012.
This gallery is administered by the Smithsonian Institution.
Sullivan died of kidney failure.
Timothy Collins "Tim" Wilson (August 5, 1961 – February 26, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian and country musician.
He released many comedy albums.
He worked with Capitol Records in Nashville.
He made many appearances on the John Boy and Billy, Big D and Bubba and Bob and Tom Show.
Wilson died from a heart attack.
He was aged 52.
Tim Wilson at MySpace
CMT profile
The country-western dance (also country dance or cowboy) is dancing that is performed mostly to country music.
It is also called kicker dancing in Texas.
There are several forms of it.
The western couple dance is social dancing that involves several people.
Other dances include line dance and square dancing.
The East Coast Swing
The West Coast Swing
Anjem Choudary (; born 1967) is a British former solicitor and Islam preacher.
He was the leader and spokesman for the Islamist group Islam4UK until it was banned under the Terrorism Act 2000.
Choudary was born in Welling, London to Pakistani parents.
He is married to Rubana Akhtar.
As of 2006, the couple have three children.
Islamic State people
Aaron Allston (December 8, 1960 – February 27, 2014) was an American game designer and writer of many science fiction books.
He was best known for his Star Wars novels.
His works as a game designer include mostly role-playing games (RPGs).
He several of the RPGs served to create the basis for products and following development of TSR's Dungeons & Dragons game setting Mystara.
Allston collapsed after having a massive heart failure on December 8, 1960 during a VisionCon in Springfield, Missouri.
He died later that day at the age of 53.
Aaron Allston at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
The movie Son of God is a biographical movie.
It was released February 28, 2014.
It is about the life and death of Jesus Christ.
This movie has a run time of 138 minutes.
The MPAA rated the movie PG-13.
Reviews of the movie were not good.
Grinding (also called freaking or freak dancing) is a dance where two or more people rub or bump their bodies against one another.
It became popular in night clubs.
The dance then moved into high schools across the United States and Canada.
A dance similar to grinding is "The Bump", which was popular in the 1970s.
Another is the twerk, which became popular through the 2000s into the 2010s.
Lipovica (, ) is a village in Kosovo.
It is near the city of Lipljan.
It is next to the Blinaja Park, where people go hunting.
Hugo Brandt Corstius (29 August 1935 – 28 February 2014) was a Dutch journalist, columnist and writer.
He known for his success in both literature and science.
He was born in Eindhoven, North Brabant.
Brandt Corstius died after a long illness on 28 February 2014 in Amsterdam, North Holland.
He was outlived by his children, journalists Aaf (born 1975) and Jelle (born 1978).
Writers from North Brabant
Bark bread is a form of bread used during a famine.
It made by adding ground phloem to the flour as an extender to make it last longer.
During the 18th and early 19th century Northern Europe had several very bad years of crop failure.
This was  particularly during the Little Ice Age of the mid 18th century.
The grain harvest was badly affected.
Many ideas to make the flour last longer were introduced.
In 1742, samples of “emergency bread” were sent from Kristiansand, Norway to the Royal Administration in Copenhagen.
One of these was bark bread.
This is bread made from grain husks and bread made from burned bones.
During the Napoleonic Wars, moss too was used for food.
The last time bark bread was used as famine food in Norway was during the Napoleonic Wars.
The introduction of the potato as a staple crop gave the farmers other crops when grain production failed.
So that bark bread and moss cakes were no longer needed.
In Northern Sweden, traces of Sami harvest of bark from Scots pine are known from the 1890s.
In Finland pettuleipä (literally "pinewood-bark bread") was produced as a substitute for bread during the Finnish Civil War of 1918.
Kolari is a municipality in Finnish Lapland.
It had almost 3,900 living there in January 2014.
The municipalities next to it are Kittilä, Muonio, Pello and Rovaniemi.
Ilpo Väisänen planned the railway station building.
Pudasjärvi is a town and municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland.
It had 8,510 living there in January 2014.
The municipalities next to it are Ii, Oulu, Posio, Puolanka, Ranua, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski and Utajärvi.
The official Pudasjärvi page
The Praça Raul Soares is a large public square in the city of Belo Horizonte, in Brazil.
It is built in the French style.
It is located where four major roads meet.
The roads are Amazonas, Augusto de Lima, Bias Fortes and Olegário Maciel.
The square is named in honor of the former governor of Minas Gerais, Raul Soares de Moura.
In 2008, the square was renovated.
The flowerbeds, sidewalks and fountains were fixed up.
Some trees were replaced, lamp posts were resized, and advertisements were removed or adjusted.
The walks were improved to provide easier access for disabled and blind people.
This was paid for by the city's government.
It cost about $2,600,000 U.S. dollars.
The project aimed to make the square safer and easier for pedestrians.
This List of Docklands Light Railway stations shows the stations for each Docklands Light Railway route.
It also shows the distance of the station from the start of the line.
Route 1: Bank to Lewisham
Route 2: Bank to Woolwich Arsenal
Route 3: Tower Gateway to Beckton
Route 4: Stratford International to Woolwich Arsenal
Route 5: Stratford International to Beckton
Route 6: Stratford to Lewisham
Note - These route numbers are Wikipedia route numbers.
Puolanka is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland.
It had 3,000 living there in January 2014.
The municipalities next to it are Hyrynsalmi, Paltamo, Pudasjärvi, Ristijärvi, Suomussalmi, Utajärvi  and Vaala.
Vaala is a municipality in North Ostrobothnia, Finland.
It had 3,195 living there in January 2014.
The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Liminka, Muhos, Paltamo, Puolanka, Siikalatva and Utajärvi.
Paltamo is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland.
It had about 3,600 living there in January 2014.
The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo and Vaala.
The Lambada is a dance from Brazil.
It is sometimes called the "forbidden dance".
It started in the late 1970s.
It became most popular in the 1980s.
Its popularity was mostly in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
The Lambada is a dance for two people.
The dance is done with bent legs.
Steps are usually side to side, with turns.
There are pronounced movements for the hips.
Around the time the Lambada became popular, the women often wore short skirts.
These skirts swirl up when the woman turns.
Sometimes the woman's thong underwear is seen during the turns.
It is located at the intersection of two major roads, Afonso Pena and Amazonas, and by the streets Rio de Janeiro and Carijós.
Ashlee Nicole DeLoach (or Nikki; born September 9, 1979) is an American actress and former singer.
She was on The Mickey Mouse Club in the 1990s.
She also played Lily in the 2008 version of An American Carol.
The Luby's massacre was a mass murder on October 16, 1991, which took place at a Luby's restaurant in Killeen, Texas, United States.
George Hennard, a thirty-five year old man, drove his blue 1987 Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of a Luby's restaurant.
He yelled "This is what Bell County did to me!"
and started shooting customers and staff members with a Glock 17 and a Ruger P89.
He shot and killed 23 people, ten of them with a single shot to the head.
He also wounded 20 other people.
Hennard had a dislike of women and survivors of the shooting said that he went by men to shoot the women.
He also announced that "All women of Killeen and Belton are vipers!"
He exchanged gunfire with police officers, hid in a bathroom and committed suicide.
One of the survivors of the massacre was former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives Suzanna Hupp.
Both her parents were killed in the shooting.
Until the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, it was the deadliest shooting rampage in American history.
It is now the third deadliest behind Virginia Tech and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.
It is still the deadliest non-school shooting rampage in American history.
After the massacre, the Texas Legislature passed a shall-issue gun law in 1995, which required all qualifying applicants be issued a Concealed Handgun License (which is Texas' required permit to carry concealed weapons).
To qualify for a license, the person must be free-and-clear of crimes, attend a minimum 10-hour class which is taught by a state-certified instructor, pass a 50-question test, show a high amount of skill in a 50-round shooting test, and must pass two background tests, one shallow and one deep.
The license costs $140 for a four year license and applicants have to pay $10 for fingerprinting as well as instructor costs which vary.
The law was campaigned by shooting survivor Suzanna Hupp and was signed by then-Governor George W. Bush.
The restaurant closed down on September 9, 2000.
A Chinese-American buffet called Yank Sing is now located where the Luby's used to be.
Disasters in Texas
Mass murder in Texas
Mass shootings in Texas
Edward Joseph Walsh (March 5, 1942 – February 14, 2014) was an American journalist.
He reported on politics.
He made news reports from foreign countries.
He worked for The Washington Post and The Oregonian.
Walsh was born in Chicago, Illinois.
He studied at the College of St. Thomas.
He died in Portland, Oregon, from lung cancer.
He was aged 71.
Obituary in The Oregonian
Walsh recaps career for The Oregonian (2009)
Lesterville is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota.
It is located in Yankton County, and 127 people lived there at the 2010 census.
Lesterville became a city in 1883.
Lee Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist.
He was thought to be one of the main people involved in the cool jazz movement.
Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and experimental jazz.
A 1985 interview
Lee Konitz: 12 Memorable Duets  by Thierry Quénum (Jazz.com)
Lee Konitz Trio: Live At The Village Vanguard by NPR
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist.
Rollins is widely known as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians.
A number of his compositions, such as "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.
Sonny Rollins Official Website
Philip Wells Woods (November 2, 1931 – September 29, 2015) was an American jazz bebop alto saxophonist, clarinetist, bandleader and composer.
Woods died from emphysema on September 29, 2015 in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
Gonzalez, Henry (1990).
The Armadillo Years: A Visual History
Nisenson, Eric (1996).
Round About Midnight — A Portrait of Miles Davis (2nd ed.).
Da Capo: Printing Press.
Utica is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota.
It is located in Yankton County, and 65 people lived there at the 2010 census.
Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981.
This inauguration was the beginning of Reagan's eight years as President.
George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as Vice President.
Reagan took the oath of office at the inauguration ceremony.
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger gave the oath.
United States presidential election, 1980
Full text of the speech
Full text, video, and audio of the speech
New York Times coverage of the 1981 presidential inauguration
Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States in January 1985.
This was the beginning of Reagan's second term as President.
George H. W. Bush was also inaugurated as Vice President for the second time.
There were two separate ceremonies.
A private ceremony was held on January 20, and another was held publicly on January 21.
This was done because the normal day for a Presidential inauguration, January 20, was a Sunday.
Reagan was sworn in as President during the private ceremony.
It was held in the Grand Foyer of the White House.
It was broadcast on television.
The next day, Reagan took the oath in public under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger.
Reagan Ronald
Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States on Tuesday, January 20, 2009.
This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Obama as President and of Joe Biden as Vice President.
The oath of office was given by Chief Justice John G. Roberts.
The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd president of the United States was held on January 20, 1993.
This was the beginning of the first term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President.
The ceremony took place at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Clinton was the first president elected after the Cold War period.
He was the first Democrat elected in 16 years.
Clinton, Bill
Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American singer and actress.
She is best known for her Tony Award-winning role in the Broadway production of Caroline, or Change.
She is also known for her starring roles in movies such as Dreamgirls (2006), The Princess and the Frog (2009) and For Colored Girls (2010).
People from Bloomfield, Connecticut
Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd president of the United States on Saturday, March 4, 1933.
It was the last inauguration to be held on March 4.
All since then have been held on January 20.
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
The first inauguration of George W. Bush as the 43rd president of the United States happened on January 20, 2001.
This was the beginning of the first term of George W. Bush as president and Dick Cheney as vice president.
The inauguration of John F. Kennedy as the 35th president of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1961.
It was held in the eastern section of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C..
Kennedy's address at the inauguration talked about the major themes of his campaign.
It defined his presidency during a time of economic prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges.
Kennedy, John F.
Kennedy, John
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928), popularly known as FVR, is a Filipino politician.
He was the twelfth President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998.
Joseph "Erap" Ejército Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician.
He served as the thirteenth President of the Philippines from 1998 until 2001.
Estrada was the first person in the present Fifth Republican period to be elected both President and Vice-President.
He is currently the Mayor of Manila, the country's capital.
He was elected as mayor in the mid-term elections in 2013.
Mayors of Manila
The inauguration of Jimmy Carter as the 39th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1977.
The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of Jimmy Carter as President and Walter Mondale as Vice President.
It was also the end of Gerald Ford's presidency.
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the oath of office to Jimmy Carter, and House Speaker Tip O'Neill administered the Oath of office to Walter Mondale.
This was the last inauguration that was set up on the East section of the U. S. Capitol.
1977 in the United States
Carter, Jimmy
The inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st president of the United States was held on January 20, 1989.
The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President.
Bush, George H. W.
The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of George Washington as president.
John Adams had already taken office as vice president on April 21.
Washington was sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston.
Washington, George
The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1861.
The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President.
The first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson took place on March 4, 1801.
Jefferson was sworn-in by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall.
Jefferson became the third president of the United States.
Jefferson, Thomas
The first inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1953.
The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President and Richard Nixon as Vice President.
Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson administered the Oath of office to Eisenhower.
Nixon was sworn in as Vice President by Senator William Knowland of California earlier.
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Eisenhower, Dwight
The first inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant as the 18th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1869.
The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Ulysses S. Grant as President and the only term of Schuyler Colfax as Vice President.
Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the oath of office.
Andrew Johnson did not attend the inaugural ceremonies, as President-elect Grant refused to sit with him in the carriage going to it.
Instead, he was in the White House signing last-minute legislation.
Grant, Ulysses S.
The first inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh president of the United States took place on March 4, 1829.
The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Andrew Jackson as President.
He is part of the modern Democratic Party.
It as also the second term that John C. Calhoun was Vice President.
Calhoun resigned during his second term.
Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall.
Jackson, Andrew
The first inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt as the 26th president of the United States, took place on September 14, 1901 in Buffalo, New York.
It took place after the assassination of President William McKinley.
John R. Hazel, U.S. District Judge for the Western District of New York, administered the oath of office.
While some people called it an inauguration, others called it a swearing-in ceremony.
Roosevelt, Theodore
The first inauguration of Harry S. Truman as the 33rd president of the United States happened on April 12, 1945.
This was the beginning of Harry S. Truman's first term as president.
Truman, Harry S.
The first inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson as the 36th president of the United States occurred on November 22, 1963.
The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Lyndon B. Johnson.
That term lasted a year and two months instead of the usual four years.
That was because Johnson was finishing the term of John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated.
This was the only presidential inauguration to be held on Air Force One.
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Robert Hall "Bob" Weir (born October 16, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.
He is known for creating the band Grateful Dead.
Weir was born in San Francisco, California.
He studied at Menlo Atherton High School.
The first inauguration of Richard Nixon as the 37th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1969.
Chief Justice Earl Warren gave the oath of office to Nixon.
Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen gave the oath to Spiro Agnew as Vice President.
Nixon, Richard
The first inauguration of Woodrow Wilson took place on March 4, 1913.
It was the beginning of his position as the 28th president of the United States and Thomas R. Marshall's tenure as Vice President.
Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office.
Wilson wanted and asked that the inaugural ball to be canceled.
He found it inappropriate for the occasion because of women's suffrage and women's rights protesting.
Wilson, Woodrow
Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet and teacher.
He was best known for his poems about working-class Detroit.
He taught for more than thirty years at California State University, Fresno.
He also taught at other different schools.
He was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012.
He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995.
Educators from Detroit, Michigan
The Munich massacre was an attack that happened on 5-6 September during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
11 members of the Israel Olympic team were murdered after being taken hostage.
A German police officer was also killed.
The terrorists demanded the Israeli government to release 234 prisoners held in Israeli jails.
Of the eight attackers, five were killed by the police and three were arrested.
The three were released from jail.
The Israeli Response to the 1972 Munich Massacre – Includes an extensive overview of the Munich massacre
A Tribute to the 1972 Israeli Olympic Athletes – Includes biographies and photographs for each of the 11 Israeli athletes killed
Time Magazine , 4 December 2005
Special Publication of Israel State Archives: The Fortieth Anniversary of the Massacre of the Israeli Athletes in Munich
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1970s
Terrorist incidents in Germany
Terrorist incidents in the 1970s
Don Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquis of Samaranch (17 July 1920 – 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator.
He served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001.
Petäjävesi is a municipality in Central Finland.
About 4,100 people lived there in January 2014.
Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Keuruu, Multia and Uurainen.
Long-term memory (LTM) is our memory of past events.
It follows from short-term memory, and involves the growth of nerve synapses which are very long-lasting.
Types of LTM
The brain does not store memories in one unified structure, as might be seen in a computer's hard disk drive.
Instead, different types of memory are stored in different regions of the brain.
Long term memory is typically divided up into two major headings: explicit memory and implicit memory.
Explicit memory
Explicit or 'declarative' memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge.
These are partly encoded by the hippocampus, stored elsewhere.
Exactly where is unknown, but the temporal cortex has been proposed as a likely candidate.
Research shows that amnesiac patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe performed more poorly on explicit learning tests than did healthy controls.
However, the same patients performed at the same rate as healthy controls on implicit learning tests.
This implies that the medial temporal lobe is heavily involved in explicit learning, but not in implicit learning.
Implicit Memory
Implicit or procedural memory refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil, drive a car, or ride a bicycle.
This type of memory is encoded and it is presumed stored by the striatum and other parts of the basal ganglia.
The basal ganglia is believed to mediate procedural memory and other brain structures and is largely independent of the hippocampus.
The parietal and occipital regions are associated with implicit memory.
The memory for events that evoke a particularly strong emotion may involve both declarative and procedural memory processes.
Emotional memories are consciously available, but elicit a powerful, unconscious physiological reaction.
Research indicates that the amygdala is extremely active during emotional situations, and acts with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the encoding and consolidation of emotional events.
Working memory (STM) is not part of long term memory, but is important for long term memory to work.
Working memory holds and works on information for a short period before it is either forgotten or put into long term memory.
Then, to remember something from long term memory, it must come back into working memory.
If working memory is overloaded it can affect the encoding of long term memory.
Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett (born 14 May, 1973) is a Canadian pop singer and actress.
She became famous as a member of the band All Saints.
During part of All Saints' five years of inactivity, she was a member of Appleton with her younger sister Nicole Appleton.
The sisters starred in the movie Honest in 2000.
Appleton was born in Mississauga, Ontario.
Her daughter was born in 1992.
She married her daughter's father, Carl Robinson, in New York in 1993.
She married Liam Howlett of The Prodigy in 2002.
The couple's son was born in 2004.
Sensory memory (SM) is an automatic response, not under conscious control.
It deals with the input from the senses.
The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory.
The information in SM is the "raw data" of a person's overall sensory experience.
There are four common features to all forms of SM:
The formation of a SM trace is independent of attention to the stimulus.
The information stored in SM is modality specific.
This means for example, that echoic memory is only for storing auditory information, and haptic memory is only for storing tactile information.
Each SM store has an immense amount of detail.
Each SM trace is very brief and lasts a very short period of time.
Once the SM trace has decayed or is replaced by a new memory, the information stored is no longer accessible and is ultimately lost.
The SM is made up of stores of different kinds of information.
Each has different rates of information processing and decay.
Genetics also plays a role in SM capacity.
Kristof Goddaert (21 November 1986 – 18 February 2014) was a Belgian road racing cyclist.
He competed as a professional between 2008 and 2014 for the Topsport Vlaanderen-Mercator, Ag2r-La Mondiale and IAM Cycling squads.
He was born in Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.
Goddaert died was killed on 18 February 2014 during a training ride in Antwerp.
He fell from his bike and was struck by a De Lijn bus.
Ferdinand Alexander "Ferry" Hoogendijk (23 November 1933 – 14 February 2014) was a Dutch political scientist, journalist and politician.
He was the editor of Elsevier and a member of the parliamentary group of the Pim Fortuyn List (, LPF).
He was born in Gouda, South Holland.
Hoogendijk died on 14 February 2014 in Naarden, North Holland.
Bakker was merely active in local politics.
He served as a councillor of Amsterdam for several years, and was also an alderman from 1992 to 1998.
Afterwards he was mayor of Hilversum from 1998 to 2011.
In between he was for a brief period a member of the House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1982.
Dutch mayors
Magnus is a name that means "great" in Latin.
It was sometimes used as a given name by the Romans.
The name spread with the Catholic Church, which spoke Latin.
It became very common among the nobility in Scandinavia.
Kings of Norway
Magnus I of Norway (1024–1047)
Magnus II of Norway (1048–1069)
Magnus III of Norway (1073–1103)
Magnus IV of Norway (c. 1115–1139)
Magnus V of Norway (1156–1184)
Magnus VI of Norway (1238–1280)
Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374)
Kings of Sweden
Magnus I of Sweden (c. 1106–1134)
Magnus II of Sweden (died 1161)
Magnus III of Sweden (1240–1290)
Magnus IV of Sweden (1316–1374), also Magnus VII of Norway
Charlemagne, whose Latin name was "Carolus Magnus"
Albertus Magnus, German theologian and philosopher
Magnus Rosén, Swedish musician
Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player
Richard Hayman (27 March 1920 – 5 February 2014) was an American arranger, harmonica player and conductor.
He served as an arranger for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) movies Girl Crazy (1930), Thousands Cheer (1943), and Meet Me in St. Louis (1944).
Hayman died at a hospice in New York.
[ Richard Hayman] at AllMusic
Richard "Dick" Hyman (born March 8, 1927) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist and composer.
He is best known for his skill with jazz piano styles.
Palmyra was an ancient Arabian city in central Syria.
It is in an oasis  northeast of Damascus, and  southwest of the Euphrates.
It was an important city in ancient times.
It had long been a place for travellers to stop when crossing the Syrian Desert.
The city was founded some time during the 2nd millennium BC.
It became abandoned around 1929.
The site was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.
The Semitic name of the city is  ().
In Aramaic, it means "a city that cannot be defeated".
The earliest written reference to the city by this name is on Babylonian tablets found in Mari.
It is still known as Tadmur in Arabic.
The people of Palmyra worshipped many gods and goddesses from Mesopotamia, Syria, Arabia and Greece.
They built a series of temples and large monuments containing funerary art, or art representing the dead.
Palmyrans originally spoke Aramaic, but later began speaking Greek.
The area was later made a part of the Roman Empire.
The city was important because of the "silk commerce" from Rome toward the China region in eastern Asia.
Between the years 260 and 273, Odaenathus and his wife Zenobia used Palmyra as the capital of the Palmyrene Empire.
This period of Roman history is called the Crisis of the Third Century.
The city lost its importance after the 16th century.
It was fully abandoned by 1929, during the Ottoman Empire.
There is a new town of the same name nearby to the south of the ruins.
During the Syrian Civil War in 2015, the Islamic State (ISIS) destroyed large parts of the ancient city.
It was recaptured by the Syrian Army in 2017.
Palmyra, with photos and detailed information
Archaeological sites in Syria
1932 disestablishments
Alfonso Cuarón Orozco (; born 28 November 1961) is a Mexican movie director, screenwriter, producer and editor.
He is best known for his movies A Little Princess (1995), Y tu mamá también (2001), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), Children of Men (2006), Gravity (2013), which earned him an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award and Roma.
Cuarón is also close friends with fellow Mexican filmmakers Guillermo del Toro and Alejandro G. Iñárritu.
The group is sometimes known as "The Three Amigos of Cinema".
Cuarón was born in Mexico City.
Constantine Alexander Payne (born February 10, 1961) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer.
He is best known for his movies Election (1999), About Schmidt (2002), Sideways (2004), The Descendants (2011), Nebraska (2013) and Downsizing (2017).
Payne was born in Omaha, Nebraska.
He married Canadian actress Sandra Oh in 2003.
The couple divorced in 2006.
David Owen Russell (born August 20, 1958) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer.
He is best known for his movies Spanking the Monkey (1994), Flirting with Disaster (1996), Three Kings (1999), I Heart Huckabees (2004), The Fighter (2010), Silver Linings Playbook (2012), and American Hustle (2013).
He also directed 2015's Accidental Love under the pseudonym "Stephen Greene" after Kristin Gore, daughter of Al Gore and Russell disowned the film.
He also made Joy also in 2015.
In 2020 he is working on a new film.
He has a child with Janet Grillo whom he was married to from 1992 until 2007.
He has since adopted a son with his partner, Holly Davis.
Year 31 BC was either a common year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday or Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Antonius and Octavianus.
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the third time.
His partner is Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, replacing Mark Antony.
Octavian establishes a bridgehead at the Gulf of Ambracia
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa sailed with 300 war galleys to the western Peloponnese.
He occupied the Gulf of Corinth to cut off Antony's line of communication.
Antony sets up camp at the promontory of Actium.
Agrippa stormed Leucas.
He took the garrison at Patrae.
The Egyptian fleet retreats to Taenarus.
Octavian takes court at Samos
In the Judean Desert Herod the Great completes the fortress Masada.
The Hellenistic period in art ends (or AD 14 by some scholars)
Year 32 BC was either a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Sosius.
Final War of the Roman Republic: Mark Antony transferred his headquarters from Samos to Athens
Sparta declared support for Octavian.
July – The Roman Senate declares war upon Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
Titus Pomponius Atticus, Roman nobleman of the Equestrian order (b. 109 BC)
Multia is a municipality in Central Finland.
About 1,800 people lived there in January 2014.
Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Keuruu, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi, Uurainen  and Ähtäri.
Multia is established 1868.
Multia is famous for it's Ice Kicksled World Championship held every winter.
25th Kicksled World Championships: March in Multia
Villages in Multia
Soini is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland.
It had about 2,300 living there in January 2014.
The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Karstula, Kyyjärvi, Saarijärvi and Ähtäri.
Municipality is established 1868.
Archeological site of Monte sant'Antoni: a prehistoric Federal Nuragic Sanctuary
Archeological site of Mesumundu: an old Roman area and medieval
Church of Nostra Segnora de Mesumundu,  built in the Byzantine age (6th century AD) upon the ruins of a Roman baths (2nd century AD).
The church was modified after 1065 by the Benedictine monks of Montecassino.
Church of Santi Elia ed Enoch: built on the top of the Monte Santo and modified by Benedictine monks after 1065.
Maria Carta (1934-1994), folk singer and actress
Gavino Ledda, author of an autobiographical work Padre padrone (1975)
Maria Carta (24 June 1934 – 22 September 1994) was a Sardinian folk music singer-songwriter.
She also performed in film and theater.
In 1975, she wrote a book of poetry, Ritual Song.
She was born in Siligo, Sassari, Sardinia.
She died of cancer in Rome.
1971 Sardegna canta
1971 Ninna nanna / Muttos de amore
1971 Adiu a mama / Antoneddu Antoneddu
1971 Trallallera corsicana / La ragazza moderna
1971 Paradiso in Re
1973 Nuovo maggio / Funerale di un lavoratore
1974 Dilliriende
1974 Amore disisperadu / Ave Maria
1974 Dies Irae
1975 Diglielo al tuo Dio  / Nuovo maggio
1975 Maria Carta
1976 Vi canto una storia assai vera
1976 La voce e i canti di Maria Carta vol.1
1976 La voce e i canti di Maria Carta vol.
1978 No potho reposare / Ballada ogliastrina / Muttettu
1978 Umbras
1980 Haidiridiridiridiridinni
1984 Maria Carta concerto dal vivo
1981 Sonos ‘e memoria
1984 Sonos’ e memoria
1992 Chelu e mare
1993 Le memorie della musica
1993 Muttos ‘e amore
1993 Trallallera
2002 Sardegna canta
1977 Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries) (by Franco Zeffirelli) as Martha
1974 The Godfather Part II (by Francis Ford Coppola) as Vito Corleone's mom
1976 Cecilia - Storia di una comune anarchica (by Comolli) as Olimpia
1977 Cadaveri eccellenti (by Francesco Rosi) as Signora Cres
1980 Un reietto delle isole (based on by Joseph Conrad's novel An Outcast of the Islands) (by Giorgio Moser)
1985 Derborence
1986 Il camorrista (by Giuseppe Tornatore) as The mother
1988 Disamistade (by Gianfranco Cabiddu) as "Madre Di Sebastiano"
1992 Il commissario Corso (telefilm)
Disease-related deaths in Rome
He won the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1994 for his "lasting contribution to children's literature".
Mado was born as Michio Ishida in Tokuyama, Yamaguchi prefecture.
He died on February 28, 2014, aged 104.
Mado dies
He was best known for his work on Kannada movies and for his work in stage shows.
He directed many successful stage shows such as Kakanakote, Thughlaq and Sankranthi.
Cancer deaths in India
The second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson as the third president of the United States took place on Monday, March 4, 1805 in the Senate Chamber of the United States Capitol.
Chief Justice John Marshall gave the oath of office.
Jefferson wore a black suit and silk stockings for the inauguration.
The inauguration was the beginning of the second term of George Washington as President and John Adams as Vice President.
It was the first presidential inauguration to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The inauguration of John Adams as the second president of the United States took place on Saturday, March 4, 1797.
The oath of office was given at the House of Representatives Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia.
This was the first inaugural oath given by a Chief Justice of the United States.
Adams, John
The first inauguration of James Madison as the fourth president of the United States was held on Saturday, March 4, 1809.
It was held in the House chamber in the U.S. Capitol.
The oath was given by Chief Justice John Marshall.
It was the first presidential inauguration to have an inaugural ball after the ceremony.
Madison, James
The second inauguration of James Madison as the fourth president of the United States was held on Thursday, March 4, 1813.
It was held in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol.
Ezra Michael Koenig (born April 8, 1984) is an American singer and songwriter.
He is the lead singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Vampire Weekend.
Koenig was born in New York City.
Koenig started writing songs when he was around ten or eleven.
In 2006 he started Vampire Weekend with Chris Tomson.
The band released their first album, Vampire Weekend, in 2008.
The inauguration of John Tyler as the tenth president of the United States took place in Tyler's bedroom on Thursday, April 6, 1841.
It happened two days after the death of President William Henry Harrison.
The inauguration was the beginning of Tyler's only term as President.
It was the first time that an inauguration was held because of a president's death.
Tyler, John
The first inauguration of James Monroe as the fifth president of the United States was held on Tuesday, March 4, 1817.
It took place in front of the Old Brick Capitol.
Monroe, James
Daisy Chainsaw was an English punk rock band.
The band was started in 1989.
Daisy Chainsaw started in 1989 after KatieJane Garside answered an advertisement that Crispin Gray put in a music magazine.
In 1991 the band released Love Sick Pleasure.
They released their first album Eleventeen on October 6, 1992.
In 1993 Garside left the band.
In 1994 Daisy Chainsaw released their last album For They Know Not What They Do.
Belinda Leith took Garside's place as singer for the album.
In 1995 they released their last EP You're Gruesome.
Crispin Gray took Leith's place.
In 1995 Daisy Chainsaw broke up.
After that Gray, Adams and Johnson made a band called Dizzy Q Viper.
The second inauguration of James Monroe as the fifth president of the United States was held on Monday, March 5, 1821.
It took place in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol.
Monroe was sworn in by John Marshall, the Chief Justice of the United States.
The inauguration was held on March 5 instead of March 4 because of a snowstorm.
1821 in the United States
The inauguration of John Quincy Adams as the sixth president of the United States took place on Friday, March 4, 1825, in the House Chamber of the U.S. Capitol.
The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of John Quincy Adams as President and the first term of John C. Calhoun as Vice President.
Adams was sworn in by John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States.
Adams, John Quincy
Adams, J. Q.
The second inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh president of the United States took place in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol on Monday, March 4, 1833.
This was the first inauguration for which two inaugural balls were held.