the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Ptolemy, Ptolemaic Egypt (c. 85–165), Greek astronomer, cartographer, and geographer
Pei Xiu (224–271), Chinese geographer and cartographer
Isidore of Seville, Hispania (560–636)
al-Khwārazmī, Caliphate (9th century), Persian cartographer, geographer, and polymath.
Su Song, China (1020–1101), horologist and engineer; as a Song dynasty diplomat, he used his knowledge of cartography and map-making to solve territorial border disputes with the rival Liao dynasty
Shen Kuo, China (1031–1095), polymath scientist and statesman, author of the Dream Pool Essays, which included a large atlas of China and foreign regions, and also made a three-dimensional raised-relief map
al-Idrisi, Sicily (1100–1166), Arab cartographer, geographer and traveller
Maximus Planudes, Byzantine Empire (13th century), a monk credited with restoring the texts and maps of Ptolemy
Petrus Vesconte, Genoese cartographer, author of the oldest signed Portolan chart (1311)
Angelino Dulcert (14th century), author of the earliest known Majorcan portolan charts of the Mediterranean
Jacobus Angelus, Florence, translated Ptolemy into Latin
Martin Behaim (Germany, 1436–1507)
Benedetto Bordone (Venetian Republic (1460–1551)
Sebastian Cabot (1476–1557), Venetian explorer
Erhard Etzlaub (1460–1532)
Leonardo da Vinci (Italy, 1452–1519)
Henricus Martellus Germanus (Germany, fl.
1480–1496)
Donnus Nicholas Germanus (Germany, fl.
1460–1475)
Fra Mauro (Venice, c. 1459)
Piri Reis (Dardanelles, Ottoman Empire, 1465–1554/1555)
Johannes Ruysch (Netherlands, c 1466–1530), explorer, cartographer, astronomer, manuscript illustrator and painter
Hartmann Schedel (Germany, 1440–1514)
Amerigo Vespucci (Republic of Florence, 1454–1512)
Johannes Werner (Germany, 1466–1528), refined and promoted the Werner map projection
Martin Waldseemüller (Germany, c. 1470–c. 1521/1522)
Gabriel de Valseca (15th century), Majorcan, author of several portolan charts of the Mediterranean
Grazioso Benincasa (15th century), from Ancona, author of several portolan charts of the Mediterranean
Giovanni Battista Agnese (c. 1500–1564), Genoese, cartographer, author of numerous nautical atlases
Hacı Ahmet, Tunisian cartographer, translated 16th c. map into Turkish for the Ottoman Empire.
Peter Apian (1495–1552), also known as Peter Bienewitz, German geographer and astronomer, author of the Apianus projection
Philipp Apian (1531–1589)
Joost Janszoon Bilhamer (Netherlands, 1541–1590)
Willem Janszoon Blaeu (Netherlands, 1571–1638), father of Joan Blaeu
Giovanni Battista Boazio, mapped Sir Francis Drake's voyage to the West Indies and America
Jacob Roelofs van Deventer (Netherlands, c 1510/15–1575)
Fernão Vaz Dourado (India, c. 1520–c. 1580), Portuguese cartographer of the school initiated by Lopo Homem
Oronce Finé (France, 1494–1555)
Gemma Frisius (or Reiner Gemma) (Netherlands, 1508–1555)
Martin Helwig (Germany, 1516–1574)
Augustin Hirschvogel (Germany, 1503–1553)
Lopo Homem (Portugal?–1565), co-author, with the Reinel family, of the well-known Miller Atlas
Diogo Homem (Portugal 1521–1576), cartographer, son of Lopo Homem
Jodocus Hondius (Netherlands, 1563–1612)
Johannes Honterus (Transylvania, 1498–1549)
Gerard de Jode (Netherlands, 1509–1591)
Urbano Monti (Italy, 1544–1613)
Jacques le Moyne (France, ca.
1533–1588)
Guillaume Le Testu (France, ca.
1509–1573)
Jacobus Pentius de Leucho (Italy)
Gerardus Mercator (Netherlands, 1512–1594)
Sebastian Münster (Germany, 1488–1552)
Abraham Ortelius (France, 1527–1598), generally recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas
Petrus Plancius (Netherlands, 1552–1622)
Timothy Pont (Scotland, 1565–1614)
Pedro Reinel (Portugal ?–
c. 1542), author of the oldest signed Portuguese nautical chart
Jorge Reinel (Portugal c. 1502–c. 1572), Portuguese cartographer, son of Pedro Reinel
Diogo Ribeiro (Portugal, ?–
Sevilha, 1533), author of the first known planisphere with a graduated Equator (1527)
Sebastião Lopes (Portugal 16th century), Portuguese cartographer and cosmographer
Christopher Saxton (England, born c 1540)
John Speed (England, 1542–1629)
Fernando Álvares Seco (Portugal?–?),
signed the oldest known map of Portugal, reproduced in various editions of Abraham Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum
Bernardus Sylvanus (Italy)
Luís Teixeira (Portugal ?–?),
author of an important atlas of Brazil
Bartolomeu Velho (Portugal ?–
1568), cosmographer and cartographer
Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer (Netherlands, 1533/34–1605/06), driver, cartographer
Edward Wright (mathematician) (England, 1561–1615), mathematician and cartographer
Pieter van der Aa (Netherlands, 1659–1733)
João Teixeira Albernaz I (Portugal, died c. 1664), prolific cartographer, son of Luís Teixeira
João Teixeira Albernaz II (Portugal, died c. 1699), Portuguese cartographer
Pedro Teixeira Albernaz (Portugal, c. 1595–1662), Portuguese cartographer author of an important atlas of the Iberian Peninsula and a map of Portugal (1656)
Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan (France, c. 1600–1673), French cartographer who created first descriptive map of Ukraine
Johannes Blaeu (Netherlands, 1596–1673)
Emanuel Bowen (1693/4–1767), engraver and map maker
Vincenzo Coronelli (Venetian, 1650–1718)
Guillaume Delisle (French, 1675–1726)
Petter Gedda (Sweden, 1661–1697)
Hessel Gerritsz (Netherlands, 1581–1632), cartographer for the VOC
Isaak de Graaff (Netherlands, 1668–1743), cartographer for the VOC
Johann Homann (Germany, 1664–1724), geographer
Henricus Hondius (Netherlands, 1597–1651)
Willem Hondius (Netherlands, 1598–1652/58)
Johannes Janssonius (Netherlands, 1588–1664)
Johannes van Keulen (Netherlands, 1654–1715)
Joannes de Laet (Netherlands, 1581–1649)
Michael van Langren (Netherlands, 1600–1675)
Alain Manesson Mallet (France, 1630–1706)
Matthäus Merian Sr. (
Switzerland, 1593–1650) and Jr. (Switzerland, 1621–1687)
Herman Moll (Germany?/England, 1654–1732)
Robert Morden (England, 1650–1703)
Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop (Netherlands, 1610–1682), cartographer, mathematician and astronomist
Jean-Baptiste Nolin (France, c.1657–1708)
John Ogilby (Scotland, 1600–1676)
Henry Popple (England, 16xx-1743, see https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Popple)
Nicolas Sanson (France, 1600–1667)
Peter Schenk the Elder (Germany, 1660–1718/19)
Johannes Vingboons (Netherlands, 1616/17–1670), cartographer and aquarellist
Georg Matthäus Vischer (Austria, 1628–1696), cartographer, topographer and engraver
Claes Jansz Visscher (Netherlands, 1587–1652)
Nicolaes Visscher I (Netherlands, 1618–1679)
Frederik de Wit (Netherlands, 1610/16–1698)
Nicolaes Witsen (Netherlands, 1641–1717), diplomat, cartographer, writer and mayor of Amsterdam
Giovanni Cassini ( Cassini I, Italy & France, 1625–1712)
Jacques Cassini (a.k.a.
Cassini II, France, 1677–1756)
John James Abert (United States, 1788–1863), headed the Corps of Topographical Engineers for 32 years and organized the mapping of the American West
John Arrowsmith (England, 1790–1873), member of the Arrowsmith family of geographers
Louis Albert Guislain Bacler d'Albe (France, 1761–1824), also artist and longtime strategic advisor to Napoleon
John Senex (1690–1740), engraver, publisher, surveyor and geographer to Queen Anne
John Lodge Cowley, cartographer, mathematician and geographer
Agostino Codazzi (Italy, 1793–1858)
Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres (1721–1824), created Atlantic Neptune
Giambattista (Giovanni Battista) Albrizzi (Venice, 1698–1777), publisher of illustrated books and maps
Sieur le Rouge map c1740
John Gibson (cartographer), map c. 1758
Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703–1772), chief cartographer to the French navy
William Bligh (England, 1754–57 December 1817), Ships Master during the infamous Bounty mutiny and noted free-hand cartographer
Rigobert Bonne (France, 1727–1795), Royal Cartographer to France in the office of the Hydrographer at Depot de la Marine
Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (France, 1697–1782)
Don Tomas Lopez de Vargas Machuca (Spain, 1730–1802)
Lourenco Homem da Cunha d’Eca, created , 1808
Abel Buell (1742–1822), published the first map of the new United States created by an American
Dimitrie Cantemir (Moldavia and Russia, 1673–1723)
César-François Cassini de Thury (a.k.a.
Cassini III, France, 1714–1784)
Jean-Dominique Cassini (a.k.a.
Cassini IV, France, 1748–1845)
Edme Mentelle (France, 1730–1816)
Pierre Gilles Chanlair (France, 1758–1817)
James Cook (Captain RN) (1728–1779), navigator and naval chart maker
Simeon De Witt (1756–1834), successor to Robert Erskine and Surveyor-General of the State of New York
Louis Isidore Duperrey (French, 1786–1865)
Johann Friedrich Endersch (Germany, fl.
Colonel Robert Erskine (1735–1780), geographer and Surveyor-General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
Joseph de Ferraris (1726–1814), Austrian cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands
Matthew Flinders (British, 1774–1814), Royal Navy officer; circumnavigated Australia and made exploration of the Australian coastline
Joseph Marx Baron von Liechtenstern (Austria, 1765–1828)
Louis Feuillée (France, 1660–1732)
Björn Gunnlaugsson (Iceland, 1788–1876)
Fielding Lucas, Jr. (c. 1781–1854), of the Lucas Brothers, Baltimore, USA
J. Flyn "New and Correct Plan of London", 1770
Samuel Gustaf Hermelin (Sweden, 1744–1820)
Thomas Jefferys (England, c. 1710–1771), geographer of King George III of the United Kingdom
William Faden (England, 1749–1836), successor to Thomas Jefferys
Pierre Jacotin (France, 1765–1829)
Murdoch McKenzie (Scotland, died 1797)
John Mitchell (1711–1768), colonial British American mapmaker
Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (England, 1792–1855)
Robert Moresby (England, 1794–1863)
Thomas Moule (England, 1784–1851)
Carlton Osgood (United States, †1816)
Adriaan Reland (Netherlands, 1676–1718), linguist and cartographer
Thomas Richardson (Scotland)
Dider Robert de Vaugondy (France, 1688–1766)
John Rocque (England, 1709–1762)
David Watson, surveyed Scotland post 1747 to produce The Duke of Cumberland's Map
William Roy (England, 1726–1790)
William Mudge (England, 1762–1820)
Thomas Frederick Colby (England, 1784–1852)
Matthäus Seutter (Germany, 1678–1757)
Friedrich Wilhelm Carl von Schmettau (1743–1806)
Matthias Seutter (Germany, 1678–1757)
Jacob Swart (Netherlands, 1796–1866)
David Thompson (British–Canadian, 1770–1857)
Daniel-Charles Trudaine (France, 1703–1769)
Philip Johan von Strahlenberg (1676–1747)
Thomas Kitchin (1718–1784), London-based cartographer and engraver of maps of England, greater Europe, and parts of the British Empire.;
at one time held the titles "Senior Hydrographer to His Majesty" and "Senior Engraver to His Royal Highness the Duke of York"
Friedrich Christoph Müller (Germany, 1751–1808)
Philippe Vandermaelen (Belgium, 1795–1869)
Alexander Wilbrecht (Russia, 1757–1823), geographer of the Geographic Department of the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty
Emma Willard (United States, 1787–1870), women's rights activist and education reformer
James Wilson (United States, 1763–1835), first maker of globes in the United States
George Washington (United States of America, 1732–1799), first president of the United States; cartographer
Henri Michelot (France, born c. 1664), Marseilles, France, hydrographer and pilot of the Royal Galley
John Bartholomew the elder(26 April 1805 – 8 April 1861), Scottish cartographer and engraver.
Henry Peter Bosse (Germany/United States, 1844–1903), also photographer and civil engineer
George Bradshaw (England, 1801–1853)
Leslie George Bullock (1895–1971)
Bernard J. S. Cahill (1867–1944), inventor of octahedral "Butterfly Map" of the world
George Comer (1858–1937)
John Paul Goode (1862–1932), created the "Evil Mercator" and Goode’s World Atlas
Hermann Haack (Germany, 1872–1966)
Eduard Imhof (1895–1986), oversaw the Schweizerischer Mittelschulatlas, the atlas used in Swiss
James Ireland Craig (1868–1952), inventor of the Craig retroazimuthal projection, otherwise known as the Mecca projection
J. H. Colton (United States, 1800–1893)
Carl Diercke (1842–1913)
Max Eckert-Greifendorff (Germany, 1868–1938)
Percy Fawcett (1867–1925), British explorer of South America
Matthew Fontaine Maury (United States, 1806–1873), U.S. Navy officer; also oceanographer, meteorologist, cartographer, author, geologist, and educator
Thaddeus Mortimer Fowler (1842–1922), American producer of pictorial maps
Charles F. Hoffmann (Germany/United States, 1838–1913)
William Hughes (geographer) FRGS (1818 – 21 May 1876) was an English geographer, mapmaker, cartographer and author.
Felix Jones (England, 1813–1878)
Florence Kelley (United States, 1859–1932), political reformer, director of the Chicago portion of the Hull House Maps and Papers
Peter Kozler (Slovenia, 1824–1879), lawyer, geographer, politician, manufacturer
Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (France, 1816–1889)
Heinrich Theodor Menke (Germany, 1819–1892)
August Heinrich Petermann (18 April 1822 – 25 September 1878), German cartographer
George Philip (1800–1882), cartographer, map publisher and founder of the publishing house George Philip & Son Ltd.
Erwin Raisz (1893–1968)
William R. Shepherd (1871–1934)
Yuly Shokalsky (Russia, 1856–1940), also oceanographer and geographer
Karl Spruner von Merz (Germany, 1803–1892)
John Tallis and Company (England, 1838–1851)
Nicolas Auguste Tissot (France, 1824–1897), devised Tissot's indicatrix
Shanawdithit (Canada, ca.
1801–1829), created maps depicting the movement Beothuk people in Newfoundland
Edward A. Vincent (England/United States, c. 1825–27 November 1856), cartographer, civil engineer, architect
Nain Singh Rawat (India, 1830–1882) Cartographer and explorer
Cope, Emmor B: Gettysburg Battlefield cartographer and first Gettysburg National Military Park superintendent
Alexandre Vuillemin (France, 1812–1880)
Ruth Taylor White (United States 1899 – ?),
creator of pictoral maps of the United States
John Francon Williams FRGS (1854–4 September 1911), editor, journalist, writer, geographer, historian, cartographer and inventor.
Fanny Bullock Workman (United States, 1859–1925), geographer, cartographer, explorer, travel writer, and mountaineer
James Wyld (England, 1812–1887)
Hatsusaburō Yoshida (Japan, 1884–1955)
Regina Araújo de Almeida (Brazil, 1949– ), professor of geography at the University of Sao Paulo, tactile mapping cartographer
Jacques Bertin (France, 1918–2010)
Josef Breu (Austria, 1914–1998)
Cynthia Brewer (United States, 1957– ), developed ColorBrewer, professor and department head at Penn State University
Roger Brunet (1931– )
Emanuela Casti (1950– ), formalized a semiotic theory of geographic maps
Danny Dorling (1968– ), developed circular cartograms
Marion A. Frieswyk (United States, 1922– ), first female intelligence cartographer in the Central Intelligence Agency
Emily Garfield, (1987– ), cartographic artist
Günther Hake (1922–2000)
Richard Edes Harrison (1901–1994)
Tom Harrisson (1911–1976)
George F. Jenks (1916–1996)
Elrey Borge Jeppesen (1907–1996)
Ingrid Kretschmer (1939–2011)
Toy Lasker (United States, 1919-2011), creator and editor of Flashmaps guidebooks
Edgar Lehmann (1905–1990)
Jess Miller (United States, 1988– ), artist, photographer, and cartographer of rural Arkansas
Mark Newman (1968– ), developed area contiguous cartograms using a diffusion-based method
Ruth Rhoads Lepper Gardner (United States, 1905–2011), cartographer of the Maine coast
Rudi Ogrissek (1926–1999)
Rafael Palacios (1905–1993), prolific map-drawer for major US publishers
Phyllis Pearsall (England, 1906–1996), creator of the Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas
Barbara Petchenik (1939–1992), first woman to serve as Vice President of the International Cartographic Association
Arthur H. Robinson (1915–2004), wrote the influential textbook Elements of Cartography and developed the Robinson projection
Abbas Sahab (1921-2000), Iranian cartographer, produced the first atlas of the Persian Gulf
Paula Scher (United States, 1948– ), graphic designer, painter
Joni Seagar (United States 1954– ), professor of Geography at the University of Vermont
Nikolas Schiller (1980– ), Arabesque maps composed of kaleidoscopic aerial photographs
John C. Sherman (1916–1996)
Jessamine Shumate (1902–1990)
Kira B. Shingareva (Russia, 1938–2013), first person to successfully map the dark side of the moon
John P. Snyder (1926–1997), developed the space oblique mercator projection
Dr. E. Lee Spence (1947– ), pioneer underwater archaeologist, decorative, historical maps showing shipwreck locations
Marie Tharp (1920–2006), oceanographic cartographer
Waldo R. Tobler (1930–2018), developed the first law of geography
Judith Tyner (United States, 1939– ), professor of Geography at California State University, Long Beach
Bradford Washburn (1910–2007)
Denis Wood (United States, 1945– ), artist, author, and former professor of Design at North Carolina State University
David Woodward (1942–2004)
Vineesh V,
Ancient world maps
:Category:Cartography organizations
:Category:Historians of cartography
List of Cartographers
Kamaljit Singh Jhooti (born 26 March 1981), better known by his stage name Jay Sean, is an English singer-songwriter, record producer, and arranger.
His singles "Maybe" and "Ride It" were released in the 2000s and topped the UK Singles Chart.
His single "Down" featuring American rapper Lil Wayne, was released on 31 May 2009 and his first single released in America.
He also collaborated with Alesha Dixon.
Jermaine Scott Sinclair (born 9 March 1985), better known by his stage name Wretch 32, is an English rapper, singer, and songwriter.
Since 2010, he was signed to Ministry of Sound, but he left the label in 2016 and signed himself to Polydor.
He worked with Alesha Dixon on her single "Stop" and WSTRN.
Jahmmal Noel Fyffe (born 26 November 1990), better known by his stage name Chip (previously Chipmunk), is a rapper from England.
His single "Diamond Rings" (produced by Naughty Boy) features British singer Emeli Sandé.
One of his singles is a collaboration with American hip hop music artist Chris Brown.
He released his debut album I Am Chipmunk in 2009.
He released his second album Transition in 2011.
He released his third album League of My Own II in 2017.
He released his fourth album Ten10 on 21 September 2018.
Thomas Klestil (4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian politician and diplomat.
He served as president of Austria from 1992 until his death in 2004.
He was re-elected in 1998.
Klestil was born in Vienna.
He got divorced from his first wife Edith Wielander in 1998.
That same year, Klestil married diplomat Margot Löffler.
On 5 July 2004, three days before he was to leave office, Klestil had either a heart attack or heart failure.
It may have been caused by his long-term lung problems.
He was left in critical condition at a Viennese hospital.
On 6 July, he died of multiple organ failure.
Flavio Bucci (25 May 1947 – 18 February 2020) was an Italian actor.
He began his screen acting career in 1971.
He is known for movie roles such as Daniel, the blind pianist, in Dario Argento's Suspiria (1977), and Blackie in Aldo Lado's Night Train Murders (1975).
His other movie appearances include The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1971), Property Is No Longer a Theft (1973), To Love the Damned (1980), The Homeless One (1981), Dream of a Summer Night (1983), The Two Lives of Mattia Pascal (1985) and Il Divo (2008).
On 18 February 2020, Bucci died of a heart attack in Fiumicino.
James McAvoy as Professor Charles Xavier
Michael Fassbender as Erik Lensherr
Jennifer Lawrence as Raven / Mystique
Nicholas Hoult as Hank McCoy / Beast
Sophie Turner as Jean Grey / Phoenix
Tye Sheridan as Scott Summers / Cyclops
Alexandra Shipp as Ororo Munroe / Storm
Kodi Smit-McPhee as Kurt Wagner / Nightcrawler
Jessica Chastain as Vuk
Liminka () is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland.
As of 31 January 2019, it had 10,149 people living there.
The neighbouring municipalities are Kempele, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulunsalo, Siikajoki, Siikalatva, Tyrnävä and Vaala.
Municipality of Liminka – Official website
The Earth is getting warmer because people are putting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
This is called the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse stops some of the sun's heat from escaping, and these gases stop some heat escaping from Earth.
The greenhouse gas which makes the most warming is carbon dioxide (short name CO2), and burning coal is the biggest thing which puts it in the atmosphere.
Climate sensitivity means how much the Earth will warm when a certain amount of CO2 is released into the atmosphere.
Usually it means how much warmer the Earth would be if the atmosphere had twice as much CO2 as the year 1750, before people started burning lots of coal.
Scientists think that when CO2 in the atmosphere doubles an extra 4 joules of heat gets trapped every second on every square metre on Earth, and that after a long time the Earth will be about 3 °C hotter.
How sensitive is the climate?
Climate scientists don't know the climate sensitivity very well but they think it is probably between 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C.
So if the atmosphere had twice as much CO2 as it had in 1750 then Earth would likely be between 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C warmer, after thousands of years.
There are three ways to try to find out the climate sensitivity.
The first way is to look at the temperature measurements made each year since 1750 and compare them with measurements of how much  greenhouse gas was in the atmosphere at the same time.
The second way is to try and work out how much greenhouse gas there was and what the temperature was in the distant past before people started measuring them.
For example by measuring how much CO2 is in tiny bubbles of air trapped deep in ice sheets thousands of years ago.
The third way is to make models of the climate system in computers.
Why is it important to know better how sensitive the climate is?
The Paris Agreement is to keep global warming below 2 °C.
If the climate is very sensitive this will be very difficult, so maybe people and countries should change to using cleaner energy more quickly.
But if the climate is not very sensitive perhaps it would be a waste of money to stop using the coal burning power stations which are still almost new.
So it is very important to find out more exactly what the climate sensitivity is.
Why is it difficult to find out?
It is difficult to find out how sensitive the climate is, because after the greenhouse effect makes the Earth a little bit warmer there are a lot of different kinds of feedbacks, which can make the warming faster or slower.
For example the warmth evaporates more water from the sea, and this water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas, which makes the Earth even warmer.
Scientists are fairly sure that most feedback makes the warming faster: but because the feedback is so complicated they don't understand very well, and sometimes their computers are not fast enough to do enough calculations to get a good answer.
The project where they work together to understand better is called the Coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP).
One of the things they are trying to understand better is clouds, because they might make a big difference.
Different ways to talk about climate sensitivity
When the CO2 stops increasing
If the CO2 increases gradually by 1% each year the transient climate response (TCR) is the increase in temperature by the year when it has doubled.
This is likely between 1 °C and 2.5 °C.
Because this is a bit like what might happen this century this might be the most useful way for most people to talk about climate sensitivity when they are talking about the Paris Agreement.
When the temperature of the ocean balances the temperature of the atmosphere
But most of the extra heat warms up the oceans, and after the CO2 has stopped increasing some of this heat leaves the oceans and keeps on slowly warming up the atmosphere for thousands of years.
The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is the temperature the Earth would get to once the atmosphere had got back in balance with the oceans, if the CO2 stopped increasing but stayed at the double level.
What is ‘climate sensitivity’?
How scientists estimate ‘climate sensitivity’ Carbon Brief
Boyle County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,432.
McCracken County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 65,565.
Its county seat is Paducah.
Shell Lake is a city of Wisconsin in the United States.
Alma is a city in Wisconsin in the United States.
It is the county seat of Buffalo County.
Ek Anokhi Rakshak - Naagkanya () is a Hindi-language Indian television Supernatural series produced by Triangle Film Company.
It serves as the spiritual sequel of Phir Laut Aayi Naagin.
Ek Anokhi Rakshak - Naagkanya aired from 20 January 2020 to 21 February 2020 on Dangal TV.
It went off air completing only 25 episodes due to low TRP ratings.
It starred Heena Parmar and Ankit Narang in lead roles.
The Miyakoan language (宮古口/ミャークフツ Myākufutsu/Myākufutsї [mjaːkufutss̩] or 島口/スマフツ Sumafutsu/Sїmafutsї) is a Ryukyuan language spoken in the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
The 2020 Daytona 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 16-17, 2020.
The race lasted 209 laps on the  asphalt superspeedway.
However, the race was originally going to be 200 laps.
It was the first race of the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series season.
The race was started by President of the United States Donald Trump, who served as Grand Marshal, and the opening lap was paced by the official Presidential state car.
Popular wrestler Sheamus drove the pace car for the opening laps.
Two-time winner of the race Dale Earnhardt Jr. waved the green flag to officially start the race.
The race was to start February 16, but never-ending rain showers stopped the race on lap 20.
The race was moved  4 p.m. on February 17, 2020.
This being the second, he first time was in 2012.
Lots of the race was good until lap 185, a crash involved at least 20 cars on the backstretch.
The race was stopped because of the crash.
Denny Hamlin won the race by 0.014 seconds over Ryan Blaney on the second restart in overtime.
Chris Buescher, David Ragan, and Kevin Harvick rdid not make it in the top five.
On the final lap, Ryan Newman was involved in a serious crash and was immediately rushed to a local hospital.
He was seriously injured in the crash, but the injuries are not believed to be life-threatening.
Stage Results
Laps: 65
Final Stage Results
Laps: 70
Race statistics
Lead changes: 23 among 13 different drivers
Cautions/Laps: 9 for 39
Red flags: 3 (1 for weather, 2 for accidents)
Time of race: 3 hours, 42 minutes and 10 seconds
Margin of Victory: 0.014 seconds
Average speed:
Post-race
Right after the race was done, Hamlin and his crew did not know how serious Newman's crash.
Instead, they started to celebrate the win, When he exited his car, the crowd booed him both on the infield grass and again in victory lane.
Joe Gibbs gave an apology for the team's celebration, with Hamlin saying he was first notified when NASCAR canceled the tradition of interviewing the winner on the front-stretch before driving his car to victory lane
Manufacturers' Championship standings
Note: Only the first 16 positions are included for the driver standings.
Crown Heights is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Dover Plains is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Spencer County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,061.
The county was formed in 1824 and named for Kentucky's Captain Spier Spencer, who fought and died in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Charles McColl Portis (December 28, 1933 – February 17, 2020) was an American writer.
His best known novels are Norwood (1966) and the classic Western True Grit (1968).
Two True Grit movies have been made, released in 1969 and 2010.
Norwood was also made into a 1970 movie.
He also wrote The Dog of the South (1979) and Gringos (1991).
Portis has been described as "one of the most inventively comic writers of Western fiction."
Portis was born in El Dorado, Arkansas.
He died in Little Rock, Arkansas on February 17, 2020 due to Alzheimer's disease.
Paul Stephen Manderson (born 27 November 1983), better known by his stage name Professor Green (simply ProGreen) is an English rapper and singer-songwriter.
His songs are "Read All About It" (feat.
Emeli Sandé), "Little Secrets" (feat.
Mr. Probz).
He has collaborated with the likes of Adele, Emeli Sandé, Example, Labrinth, Lily Allen, Mr. Probz, Naughty Boy, Royce da 5'9', Tori Kelly, amongst others.
Amanda Ava Koci (born 16 February 1994), better known by her stage name Ava Max, is an American singer with Albanian parents.
She shot to prominence with her single "Sweet but Psycho" which was her breakthrough hit and became a big song.
She has released other singles such as "So Am I" and "Torn". "
Sweet but Psycho" charted at number 15 on Swedish Sverigetopplistan.
She performs pop and dance-pop.
Max featured on Le Youth's single "Clap Your Hands" in 2017.
On 20 April 2018, Max released her debut single on Atlantic Records.
She also released a single with G4SHI on May 11.
On 16 November 2018, she released her third solo single "Sweet but Psycho".
It was her first official hit and became big.
She then released "So Am I" in early March 2019.
She released "Torn" on 19 August 2019.
It sampled an ABBA 1976 song.
Richard Cowie (born 19 January 1979 in London), better known by his stage name Wiley and in his early career Wiley Kat, is a British rapper and record producer.
He is known for making grime music.
He is from the group Roll Deep.
Wiley was regarded as the "Godfather of Grime".
He had hit singles such as "Wot Do U Call It?", "
Boasty", "Take That", "Wearing My Rolex", and "Heatwave".
He has collaborated with artists such as Emeli Sandé, Ed Sheeran, Skepta, Dizzee Rascal, Tinchy Stryder, and Dot Rotten.
He was a member of the UK garage band Pay As U Go.
Justin Tranter (born 16 June 1980) is an American musician and jewellery designer.
He has co-wrote songs for Julia Michaels.
Justin Tranter was born on 16 June 1980.
He has co-wrote Julia Michaels' "Issues" (2017).
Production and songwriting credits
Julia Michaels - "Issues"
Adam F (born Adam Fenton on 8 February 1972) is a British DJ and music producer.
He has collaborated with the likes of artists, including LL Cool J, M.O.P, and Redman.
He makes drum and bass, electronica, and hip hop music.
He is the co-founder of the record label Breakbeat Kaos and founded it  with DJ Fresh.
Colours (1995)
| alias              =
T.I. (born Clifford Harris on 25 September 1980),  also known by his alter ego T.I.P, is an American rapper, record producer, actor and entrepreneur.
He has been active since 2001 and went on to collaborate with the likes of B.o.
B, Chris Brown, Iggy Azalea, Lil Wayne, Pharrell Williams, Robin Thicke, Travis Scott, amongst others.
His musical influences are Lil Wayne, YoungBloodz, and more.
Linda Kay Pennell Johnson (May 2, 1945 – February 18, 2020) was an American politician.
She served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2001 until her death in 2020.
She represented North Carolina's 74th, 82nd, 83rd and 90th districts during her term.
Outside of politics, she was a computer analyst and tax accountant.
Johnson died of a stroke while battling cancer on February 18, 2020.
Fernando Morán López (25 March 1926 – 19 February 2020) was a Spanish diplomat and politician.
He was a member of the Socialist Workers' Party.
He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1985.
From 1985 to 1987, Morán served as the Spanish representative at the United Nations.
He served as a member of the European Parliament from 1987 to 1999.
Morán was born in Avilés, Asturias.
He died on 19 February 2020 in Madrid, at the age of 93.
Novena MRT station (NS20) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station.
It is part of the North South Line.
It's located at Thomson Road in Novena, Singapore.
It is the nearest MRT station to hospitals like Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital.
Malls like Novena Square, Square 2 and United Square are located nearby.
The station preliminary name is Thomson Road.
It was renamed to Novena in 1985.
The station was named after the popular weekly Novena prayer meetings at a nearby Catholic church called  Church of Saint Alphonsus.
The more common name of the church is ovena Church.
The term "Novena" comes from Latin word "Novem", The Latin word means nine.
In this case it refers to prayers said for nine consecutive days.
The station area used to be a site of Jewish cemetry.
It is rumored to be haunted.
Sonja Alice Selma Toni Ziemann (8 February 1926 – 17 February 2020) was a German actress.
She appeared on screen and on stage.
Her movie credits include The Black Forest Girl (1950), The Heath Is Green (1951), The Secret Ways (1961) and The Bridge at Remagen (1969).
Ziemann was born in Eichwalde.
Her son, Pierre (1953–1970), died of cancer at the age of 16.
On 17 February 2020, Ziemann died in Munich.
Tapas Paul (29 September 1958 – 18 February 2020) was an Indian actor and politician.
He is known for acting in Dadar Kirti, Bhalobasa Bhalobasa, Anurager Choyan, Amar Bandhan, Guru Dakshina, Uttara and Mondo Meyer Upakhyan.
Outside of acting, he served as an MLA (2001–2009) and an MP (2009–2019).
Paul was born in Chandannagar, West Bengal.
On 18 February 2020, he died due to cardiac arrest in Mumbai, Maharastra.
Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright (February 14, 1935 – February 17, 2020) was an American professional golfer.
She played on the LPGA Tour.
She became a member of the tour in 1955 and won 82 LPGA Tour career events.
Of her 13 major championships, four were U.S. Women's Opens.
Wright was born in San Diego, California.
She died of a heart attack on February 17, 2020 in Florida.
Mickey Wright at the LPGA Tour official site
Janet T. DuBois (August 5, 1932 – February 17, 2020), better known as Ja'Net DuBois, was an American actress, singer-songwriter and dancer.
She was best known for her role as Willona Woods in the sitcom Good Times (1974–1979).
DuBois co-wrote and sang the theme song "Movin' on Up" for television series The Jeffersons.
She also won two Primetime Emmy Awards for her voice work in The PJs.
DuBois was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
She grew up in Amityville, New York, on Long Island.
DuBois died on February 17, 2020 in Glendale, California of cardiac arrest, aged 87.
She also had hypertension, peripheral artery disease and kidney disease.
Fairview is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Haviland is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Kedge Business School is a European higher studies establishment.
The school is in 7 places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Marseille, Toulon, Dakar, Suzhou and Shanghai.
It was founded in 2013.
Kedge website
This is a list of U.S. cities (or census-designated areas) named after the state they are in.
Locations which are no longer functioning cities (including former cities and present ghost towns) are marked with an asterisk (*).
Alabama City, Alabama*
Arizona City, Arizona*
Colorado City, Colorado*
New Georgia, Georgia*
Illinois City, Illinois*
Maryland City, Maryland*
Mississippi City, Mississippi*
Missouri City, Missouri
Montana City, Montana
Nebraska City, Nebraska
Nevada City, Nevada*
Ohio City, Ohio*
Tennessee City, Tennessee*
Utah City, Utah*
Virginia City, Virginia*
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Spiral: From The Book of Saw, or simply Spiral, is a 2021 American horror movie.
The movie will be the ninth installment in the Saw franchise.
It was directed by Darren Lynn Bousman, and written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger.
The movie stars Chris Rock, Samuel L. Jackson, Max Minghella, and Marisol Nichols.
Alwin Brück (23 September 1931 – 14 February 2020) was a German politician.
He was Parliamentary Secretary of the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1974 to 1982.
He also was Deputy of the Bundestag from 1965 to 1969 and Substitute Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1969 to 1970.
Brück was born in Heusweiler, Germany.
John Shrapnel (27 April 1942 – 14 February 2020) was an English actor.
He was born in Birmingham, Warwickshire.
His best known roles were as Mr. Skinner in 101 Dalmatians (1996), as Senator Gaius in Gladiator (2000) and as Nestor in Troy (2004).
Masao Takahashi (June 24, 1929 – February 14, 2020) was a Canadian judoka, author and coach.
He was born in Stave Falls, British Columbia, Canada.
Takahashi was the founder of the Takahashi School of Martial Arts.
He was involved in judo for more than 70 years, and was ranked hachi-dan (eighth-degree black belt), making him one of the highest ranked Canadian judoka.
In 2002 he was decorated by the Emperor of Japan with the Order of the Sacred Treasure.
He was added into the Judo Canada Hall of Fame in 1998.
Zoe Ada Caldwell, OBE (14 September 1933 – 16 February 2020) was an Australian actress.
She won four Tony Awards for Slapstick Tragedy (1966), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1968), Medea (1982), and Master Class (1996).
Her movie roles include The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985), Birth (2004), and Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011).
She was also known for having provided the voice of the Grand Councilwoman in Lilo & Stitch franchise.
Pound Ridge is a town in Westchester County, New York.
The population was 5,104 at the 2010 census.
Kellye Nakahara (January 16, 1948 – February 16, 2020) was an American actress.
She was best known for playing Nurse Kealani Kellye in 165 episodes of the television comedy M*A*S*H. She was born in Oahu, Hawaii.
Interview with Kellye Nakahara
Kellye Wallett Studio
2016 Interview with Kellye Nakahara
Death Announcement
Owen Frederick Bieber (; December 28, 1929 – February 17, 2020) was an American labor union activist.
He was president of the United Auto Workers (UAW) from 1983 to 1995.
He was born in Dorr Township, Michigan.
UAW Web site
Dorr Township is a civil township of Allegan County in the southwest of the U.S. state of Michigan.
The population was 7,439 at the 2010 census.
Allegan County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
The 2010 United States Census says the population is 111,408.
Allegan is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan.
The population was 4,998 at the 2010 census.
Ror Wolf (born Richard Georg Wolf, 29 June 1932 – 17 February 2020) was a German writer, poet, and artist.
He also published under the pseudonym Raoul Tranchirer.
He wrote audio plays, novels, and poems and made collages.
Wolf was born in Saalfeld, Thuringia.
Wolf became contributing editor of literature for the Hessischer Rundfunk broadcaster for two years.
He worked freelance from 1963.
His first novel appeared in 1964.
He was awarded the Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden in 1988.
Wolf lived in Mainz, Germany.
He died on 17 February 2020 at the age of 87.
Kishori Ballal (1937/1938 – 18 February 2020) was an Indian actress.
She was known for her works in Kannada cinema.
Ballal was born in Karnataka, India.
Her best known works were Gair Kaanooni, Ek Alag Mausam and in  Aakramana.
Jammu and Kashmir is the northern union territory of India.
The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is separated by the Line of Control from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north respectively.
It shares border with Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh.
Jon Ivar Christensen (20 March 1943 – 18 February 2020) was a Norwegian jazz drummer and composer.
Christensen was born in Oslo.
In the late 1960s Christensen played alongside Jan Garbarek on several recordings by the composer George Russell.
He, along with Jan Garbarek and Palle Danielsson, was a member of the legendary Keith Jarrett "European Quartet" of the 1970s which produced five excellent jazz recordings on ECM Records.
He was married to actress, minister, and theater director Ellen Horn.
He was the father of singer and actress Emilie Stoesen Christensen.
Hillside Lake is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,870.
Its county seat is Vanceburg.
R136c is a Wolf–Rayet star with a spectral type of WN5h.
WN5 indicates ionized helium emissions and being stronger than the neutral helium lines.
It is located in the Tarantula Nebula, it is the second most massive star in the R136 star forming region.
It’s temperature is 51,000 oK.
The extreme luminosity is by the CNO process.
It is 230 times the mass of the Sun and 5,623,000 times more luminous.
The star is losing mass by stellar winds.
It is strongly suspected to be a binary system, due to the hard x-ray emission of colliding wind binaries.
However, the companion makes only a small part of the luminosity.
R136c is likely to end in a supernova, a hypernova, or a gamma ray burst, or no visible explosion at all and become a black hole.
The fate of R136c depends on it’s mass loss.
The future of R136c is uncertain.
It might become or just skip the LBV stage and become a hydrogen free (WNE or WNL)star.
Lastly, it will be a wolf rayet star that is fusing oxygen (WO).
Then, it will most likely to explode in a supernova.
Its remnant would be most likely a black hole.
It is a very young, highly luminous object.
R136c can be seen on the lower left to the center of the R136 cluster.
It was discovered in 1996 by the Radcliffe Observatory in Pretoria, Although  R136 a and b are discovered earlier.
Ukiah is a really small town of Umatilla County in the state of Oregon in the United States.
As of 2010, 186 people lived in the town.
It was named by someone who moved from Ukiah, California.
Lawrence Gordon Tesler (April 24, 1945 – February 16, 2020) was an American computer scientist.
He worked in the field of human–computer interaction.
He had worked at Xerox PARC, Apple, Amazon and Yahoo!.
While at PARC, Tesler's work included Smalltalk, the first dynamic object-oriented programming language and Gypsy, the first word processor with a graphical user interface for the Xerox Alto.
He also helped create the idea of copy and paste and the idea of modeless software.
Tesler was born in the Bronx, New York.
He died on February 16, 2020 in Portola Valley, California of problems caused from a bike accident.
Peter Lawrence Montgomery (September 25, 1947 – February 18, 2020) was an American mathematician.
He widely published in the more mathematical area in the field of cryptography.
He was a researcher in the cryptography group at Microsoft Research.
In 1992, he was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles for his work to elliptic curve method of factorization.
Montgomery died in Thailand on February 18, 2020.
Bashar Barakah Jackson (July 20, 1999 – February 19, 2020), better known as Pop Smoke, was an American rapper and songwriter.
He grew up in Brooklyn, New York as he attended middle school there, despite getting expelled in 8th grade.
He was eventually signed to Victor Victor Worldwide and Republic Records.
In April 2019, he released the song "Welcome to the Party".
The song was the lead single of his first mixtape Meet the Woo, which was released in July 2019. "
Welcome to the Party" was made into two remixes featuring Nicki Minaj and Skepta in August 2019.
Pop Smoke also worked with Lil Tjay, Calboy and Travis Scott.
Pop Smoke was born in Brooklyn, New York.
He was the son of a Jamaican mother and a Panamanian father.
On February 19, 2020, Pop Smoke was shot during a home invasion in Hollywood Hills, California.
He was taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center where he died later that day.
2020 crimes
Peter Joseph Babando (May 10, 1925 – February 19, 2020) was a Canadian ice hockey player.
He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers.
In 1950, he won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings.
Babando was born in Lower Burrell, Pennsylvania, United States and grew up in Ontario.
He died in Timmins, Ontario on February 19, 2020, at the age of 94.
Roll Deep (formerly Roll Deep Entourage) are a British hip hop group.
They are based in London and they are a grime music collective.
The group consists of rappers Dizzee Rascal, Jammer, Jme, Skepta, and Wiley.
They performed grime music.
Scratchy
Flowdan
Riko
DJ Target
DJ Karnage
DJ Bionics
DJ Maximum
Biggie Pitbull
Dom P
Jamakabi
JME
Jet Le
Roachee
Syer Barz
Skepta
Danny Weed
Killa P
Little Dee
"The Avenue"
"Shake a Leg"
"Take Control"
"All or Nothing"
Michael Omari (born 26 July 1993), better known by his stage name Stormzy, is a British grime music artist.
He has collaborated with Ed Sheeran on the singles "Take Me Back to London" and "Own It" (alongside Burna Boy).
In 2017, he released his debut album Gangs, Signs, & Prayers, which included the single "Blinded By Your Grace" featuring MNEK.
He featured on a remix of Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart.
In December 2019, he released his second album Heavy Is The Head, which included the singles "Vossi Bop" and "Own It" (feat.
Ed Sheeran and Burna Boy).
He has worked with other artists like Charlie Sloth and Jaykae.
He performed music like grime and British hip hop.
He has supported Aitch and Chip supported Stormzy.
He won the Mercury Prize.
Plan B (real name Ben Drew; born 22 October 1983) is an English musician and actor.
He also raps, sings, writes songs and is from London.
He has collaborated with artists, including Chase & Status and Professor Green.
Nero are an English drum and bass/dubstep band from London, formed in 2004.
They have co-produced one record for UK rapper Example.
They have supported Chase & Status.
Kane Brett Robinson (born 21 May 1985), better known by his stage name Kano, is an English rapper, songwriter, and actor.
He featured on Craig David's "This is the Girl" (2007).
He has collaborated with artists, including Bashy, Craig David, Crazy Titch, Ghetts, Giggs, Gorillaz, Lethal Bizzle, Nasty Crew, Wiley, Wretch 32, amongst others.
He has also worked with Chase & Status.
Heather Anita Couper  (2 June 1949 – 19 February 2020) was a British astronomer, broadcaster and science populariser.
She was president of the British Astronomical Association from 1984 to 1986.
Couper was born in Wallasey, Cheshire.
She studied astrophysics at the University of Leicester and researched clusters of galaxies at the University of Oxford.
After this, she was named senior planetarium lecturer at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
She also hosted two TV series on Channel 4, The Planets and The Stars.
On radio, she presented the award-winning programme Britain's Space Race as well as the 30-part series Cosmic Quest for BBC Radio 4.
She worked on the Millennium Commission, for which she was named a CBE in 2007.
Asteroid 3922 Heather is named in her honour.
On 19 February 2020, Couper died of a short illness in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Romsey Abbey is a parish church of the Church of England in Romsey, a market town in Hampshire, England.
Until the dissolution it was the church of a Benedictine nunnery.
It is now the largest parish church in the county, since Christchurch Priory is now in Dorset.
Josephus Antonius van Kemenade (6 March 1937 – 19 February 2020) was a Dutch politician and sociologist.
He was the Queen's Commissioner of North Holland from 1992 to 2002.
He served as Minister of Education and Sciences twice: from 1973 to 1977 and from 1981 to 1982.
He also served as mayor of Eindhoven from 1988 to 1992.
He was a member of the House of Representatives (1977, 1978–1981 and 1982–1984).
He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 5 April 2002.
Van Kemenade was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.
He died on 19 February 2020 in Heiloo, North Holland.
José Mojica Marins (13 March 1936 – 19 February 2020) was a Brazilian filmmaker, actor, composer and media personality.
He is known for creating and playing the character Coffin Joe (loosely translated from "Zé do Caixão") in a series of horror movies.
His movie credits include At Midnight I'll Take Your Soul (1964), This Night I'll Possess Your Corpse (1967), The Strange World of Coffin Joe (1968), Awakening of the Beast (1970), The End of Man (1970), The Bloody Exorcism of Coffin Joe (1974), The Strange Hostel of Naked Pleasures (1976), Hellish Flesh (1977), Hallucinations of a Deranged Mind (1978), Perversion (1979) and Embodiment of Evil (2008).
Marins died of bronchopneumonia on 19 February 2020 in São Paulo.
Yervand Manaryan (; 20 September 1924 – 19 February 2020) was an Iranian-born Armenian actor.
He was born in Arak.