the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The essays explained the new Constitution and all the protections in it.
It answered many of the arguments against federalism, and explained how the Constitution would help protect people's rights.
For example, in "Federalist No.
10," James Madison wrote that federalism would help protect the republican values most Americans supported, like the importance of personal freedoms.
People who did not support the new Constitution were called "Anti-Federalists".
The Anti-Federalists included Founding Fathers like Patrick Henry and George Mason.
They worried that under the new Constitution, the federal government was too strong, and had too much power over the states.
They wanted the states to have more power.
They also did not like the fact that the Constitution had no bill of rights.
Without a bill of rights, they worried that the federal government would take their rights away.
The new Constitution took effect on March 4, 1789.
That same year, Congress wrote and proposed twelve amendments to the Constitution.
Three-fourths of the states would have to ratify these amendments in order to add them to the Constitution.
The states ratified ten amendments on December 15, 1791.
Together, they became the Bill of Rights.
It said that any powers that the Constitution did not give to the federal government belonged to the states.
This was meant to calm people's worries that the federal government would try to take more and more power from the states.
Roger Agnelli  (May 3, 1959 – March 19, 2016) was a Brazilian entrepreneur, banker, and corporate leader.
He ran one of the largest mining companies in the world, Vale SA.
In 2013, he was voted by Harvard Business Review as the world’s fourth best-performing chief executive officer behind Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos of Amazon.com and Yun Jong-Yong of Samsung.
On March 19, 2016, he was killed, along with his wife, son, and daughter (and three others) when their plane crashed in São Paulo, Brazil.
Roger Agnelli | Radar on-line - Veja
Dušan Čkrebić (born 7 August 1927) is a Serbian politician.
He was the Prime Minister of Serbia.
He served as minister from 5 May 1984 through 5 May 1986.
He was a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
Biography of Prime Minister Dušan Čkrebić
Prime Ministers of Serbia
Niš is the city of southern Serbia.
It is the third-largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade and Novi Sad).
It is the administrative center of the Nišava District.
According to the 2011 census, the city has population of 183,164.
The city center has 187,544 people living there and the administrative area has a population of 260,237.
Regional Chamber of Economy Niš Official Website
Sikiru Adesina (born 1971, died February 8, 2016), popularly known as Arakangudu, was a Nigerian movie actor, director and producer.
He was best known for playing roles as either an herbalist, armed robber or occultist in movies.
On February 8, 2016, he died at his residence in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria.
Temi Ni, Tie Ko
Agbede Ogun
Idunnu Mi
Ilu Gangan
Ogbologbo
Iya Oju Ogun
Ere Agbere
Agba Osugbo
Aje Olokun
Iya Oko Bournvita
Igba Owuro
Ayaba Oosa
Ajana oro
Fijabi
Oju Odaran Re
The Court's decisions and orders on each case
This includes majority opinions, concurring opinions, and dissenting opinions
Lists of every case the Court decides
In the United States, when lawyers want to talk or write about a Supreme Court decision, they cite the United States Reports.
For example, the case Brown, et al.,
v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, is cited this way:
Brown v. Bd.
of Educ.,
347 U.S. 483 (1954).
This tells the lawyer that the decision of the Court in the case entitled Brown v. Board of Education (as properly abbreviated), decided in 1954, can be found in volume 347 of the United States Reports, starting on page 483.
Joseph Mercieca (, 11 November 1928 – 21 March 2016) was a Maltese prelate.
He served as Archbishop of Malta from 1976 to 2006.
He was born in Gozo, Malta.
He was known for restoring stability in the Maltese church following his predecessor Mikiel Gonzi's dispute with the Malta Labour Party.
Mercieca died in his home in Żejtun, Malta after a long-illness on 21 March 2016.
Léonie Geisendorf, née Kaplan (8 April 1914 – 18 March 2016), was a Polish-born Swedish architect.
She lived and worked in Stockholm, Sweden most of her life.
Geisendorf was born in Warsaw, Poland.
She studied architecture at Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich.
In 1938, after her internship, Geisendorf moved to Sweden and was hired by Sven Ivar Lind, KFAI and Paul Hedqvist.
In 1950 Geisendorf and her husband, Charles Edouard started their own office in Stockholm.
She was known for creating the 	S:t Göran high school.
She turned 100 in April 2014.
Geisendorf died in Paris, France at the age of 101.
The Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish.
They are the only living family in the order Salmoniformes.
It includes salmon, trout, chars,  graylings, and the subfamily known as the freshwater whitefish.
The Atlantic salmon and trout in the genus Salmo give the family and order their names.
Salmonids look rather primitive for teleost fish.
Their pelvic fins are placed far back, with an adipose fin towards the rear of the back.
They are slender fish, with rounded scales and forked tails.
Although the smallest species is just  long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching .
All salmonids spawn in fresh water.
In many cases the fish spend most of their lives at sea, returning to the rivers only to reproduce.
This a migratory lifecycle.
They are predators, feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic insects, and smaller fish.
Robert John "Bob" Healey, Jr. (May 3, 1957 – March 20, 2016) was an American attorney, businessman, educator, restaurateur, and political activist.
He was the founder of Rhode Island's Cool Moose Party.
It is the state's third-largest political party from 1994 until 2002.
He has been a perennial candidate for statewide office.
Healey has run for Governor or Lieutenant Governor a total of seven times.
He ran as an independent candidate in 2010, he won 39% of the vote for Lieutenant Governor.
He wanted to abolish the office.
As the Moderate Party nominee for Governor in 2014, Healey won 22% of the vote while spending less than $40 on the campaign.
Healey was found dead in his bed at his home in Barrington, Rhode Island on March 20, 2016.
He is believed to have died from a suspected heart attack in his sleep.
Bob Healey's Campaign Journal – A Guerrilla Guide to the Cerebral Revolution
The official flag of the state of California is known as the Bear Flag.
An earlier version of the flag was first flown during the 1846 Bear Flag Revolt and was also known as the Bear Flag.
Korematsu v. United States , was a landmark United States Supreme Court.
It concerned the constitutionality of military commanders, under an executive order by the President, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II.
This was regardless of their citizenship.
In February of 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order No.
9066.
This gave military commanders the power to evacuate all persons considered a threat to national security from the West Coast of the United States to relocation centers.
Fred Korematsu, a Japanese-American who was born in the United States, refused to comply with the order.
He became a fugitive, but was arrested and sentenced to five years probation.
He appealed his conviction with the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
After having his conviction upheld, the case was heard by the U.S. Supreme Court.
In a 6-3 decision, the Court upheld his conviction and ruled the exclusion order was constitutional.
The question before the Court was did the President and Congress exceed their long powers.
Did they violate the rights of Japanese and American citizens of Japanese descent?
espionage outweighed the rights of Mr. Korematsu.
The issue of discrimination against a person due to prejudice against his ancestry is not a factor.
Neither is there any question of his loyalty to the United States.
The sole issue is his refusal to comply with a legal order during a time of war.
On May 19, 1942, during World War II, Japanese Americans were ordered to be move into relocation camps by Civilian Restrictive Order No.
1, 8 Fed.
982.
This order, and other similar orders, were based upon Executive Order 9066 (February 19, 1942).
Fred Korematsu was a Japanese-American man who decided to stay in San Leandro, California and knowingly violated Civilian Exclusion Order No.
34 of the U.S. Army.
Korematsu argued that the Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional and that it violated the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
He was arrested, tried and convicted.
No question was raised as to Korematsu's loyalty to the United States.
Effects of Korematsu
The decision in Korematsu v. United States has been very controversial.
Korematsu's conviction for evading internment was overturned in 1983.
He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998 from President Bill Clinton.
Mare (; singular: mare ) is the name for a great plain on the moon.
Several such maria exist.
They were formed by ancient volcanic eruptions.
The plural form of mare is maria.
The Latin word maria means seas.
Because of their high amount of iron, they reflects less light than the highlands of moon.
So, they appear dark to the naked eye.
They are called sea because ancient astronomers looked at the Moon and thought they saw seas and oceans on the Moon.
The maria cover about 16% of the surface of the Moon and most of them are in the side of the moon which is visible from Earth.
A lunar mare, Mare Tranquillitatis was the landing site for the first manned landing on the Moon on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC.
The Aérospatiale SN-601 Corvette is a French twin-turbojet aircraft.
It was the only one business jet built by Aérospatiale.
It can carry two pilots and between 6 and 14 passengers.
The Embraer Emb-202 Ipanema is Brazilian civilian aircraft.
It's used for crop dusting.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, , was a United States Supreme Court case.
It had to do with the right to die.
Nancy Cruzan was a woman who was in a persistent vegetative state.
Her family wanted to stop life support treatments so she could die.
Hospital workers refused to do this without a court order.
Eventually, the case made it to the Supreme Court.
On June 25, 1990, the Court decided it was legal to require "clear and convincing evidence" that stopping life support is what a person would have wanted.
On January 11, 1983, Nancy Cruzan's car ran off the road.
She landed 35 feet away, face-down in a ditch filled with water.
When paramedics arrived, her heart had stopped and she was not breathing.
The paramedics resuscitated her, but her brain was damaged by not having enough oxygen.
The brain damage caused a persistent vegetative state.
Doctors put a feeding tube into her stomach so food and water could be given through the tube.
Without the feeding tube, Cruzan would die from starvation or dehydration, because she could not swallow anything.
In 1988, Cruzan's parents asked her doctors to stop feeding her through the feeding tube.
They believed Nancy would not have wanted to live in a persistent vegetative state.
She had recently told a friend that if she got badly injured or sick, she would not want to live unless she could live "at least halfway normally."
Nancy's parents wanted her to be able to die.
However, the hospital refused to take out the feeding tube without a court order.
Lower court decisions
The Cruzans asked a trial court to order the hospital to remove Nancy's feeding tube.
The trial court agreed.
The court said that a person has a "fundamental natural right" in the Constitution to have someone make the decision to remove life support "when the person has no more cognitive brain function ... and there is no hope of further recovery."
The court said Nancy's conversation with her friend showed that she would not want to live in a persistent vegetative state.
The state of Missouri appealed this decision.
The case went to the Supreme Court of Missouri, which reversed the trial court's decision.
The Supreme Court of Missouri ruled that no one can refuse treatment for another person, unless:
The person had a living will, a legal document saying what a person would want in certain medical situations (for example, saying: 'I do not want treatment if I am ever in a persistent vegetative state'); OR
There was "clear and convincing ... reliable evidence" that the person would have wanted to refuse treatment.
That evidence did not exist in the Cruzan case, the Court said.
The United States Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal of the Missouri Supreme Court's decision.
This was the first "right to die" case that the United States Supreme Court had ever heard.p.27
The Cruzan case divided the Supreme Court.
Five of the Supreme Court Justices (judges) wrote their own opinions about the case.p.28  Four disagreed with the decision the Court made.
However, the Court ruled, in a 5-4 vote, that the Supreme Court of Missouri made the right decision.
They ruled that Missouri did not violate the Constitution when it required 'clear and convincing evidence' that Nancy would have wanted her life support to be ended.
The U.S. Supreme Court did rule that competent people (people who are able to make decisions for themselves) have the right to refuse medical treatment.
They said the Constitution gives competent people this right in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
However, it said things are different for people who are incompetent (people who cannot not make decisions for themselves  for example, because they are in a persistent vegetative state).
If another person wants to refuse treatment for someone who is incompetent, they have to show "clear and convincing proof" that refusing treatment is what the person would want.
After the Supreme Court
The Cruzans
After the Supreme Court's decision, the Cruzans went back to the first trial court with new evidence.
The court ruled that the Cruzans now had clear and convincing evidence that Nancy would have wanted her life support ended if she was in a persistent vegetative state.
On December 14, 1990, Nancy's feeding tube was taken out.
Protesters filed seven different petitions with the court to try to get Nancy's feeding tube put back in, but the court refused.p.29  Then, on December 18, nineteen people went into Nancy's hospital room and tried to reattach her feeding tube themselves; they were arrested.p.29
Nancy Cruzan died on December 26, 1990.
She had been in a persistent vegetative state for eight years.
At Nancy's funeral, her father told reporters: "I would prefer to have my daughter back and let someone else be this trailblazer.
"p.29  Six years later, he killed himself.
The Cruzan case is one of the most important "right to die" cases in United States history.
It set precedents that courts would follow in many cases in the future.
Quick facts about the Cruzan case in Simple English (from IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law)
Living Wills and Advance Directives for Medical Decisions (from the Mayo Clinic)
1990s in Missouri
Adam Nergal Darski (sometimes just called Nergal; born Adam Michał Darski; 10 June 1977 in Gdynia, Poland) is a Polish musician and celebrity who is best known for being in the black/death metal band Behemoth.
He is the vocalist for Behemoth and plays the guitar, bass, synthesizer and drums.
Darski was born Adam Michał Darski in Gdynia, Poland.
He was raised in Catholic and began to play the guitar at age eight.
He likes to call himself Nergal (which comes from Babylonia mythology and is the god of plague and war).
He founded the band Behemoth while he was just a teenager in 1991.
Darski also is the main lyricist, composer and manager of the band.
For a brief time, he called himself Holocausto, which was inspired by Beherit leader Nuclear Holocausto.
He was a member of a band called Wolverine, which showed his skills at clean singing.
He was inspired by Norway's Black Circle, so he formed together with Blasphemous (from the band Veles) and Venom (from Xantotol) and called themselves the Temple of Infernal Fire.
Later other bands joined and far-right politics were introduced, and the group renamed the Temple of Fullmoon.
Darski didn't want to be involved with politics, so he distanced himself from the group.
This led to some members of the group accusing him of betrayal.
Some members even sent him death threats.
He says that he is now in good terms with the members.
Darski has completed six years of history at the University of Gdańsk.
He is qualified to be a museum curator.
In March 2010, Darski got in legal trouble and was faced with blasphemy charges after he publicly condemned religion and ripped a Bible up on stage in 2007.
Darski claimed that he did it to enhance his live performance, and didn't mean to offend anyone.
He also said that he believes freedom of speech should come before religion in Poland.
Darski faced up to two years in prison for ripping up the Bible, but the charges were dropped on 28 June 2010.
In July 2012, Nergal became the newest spokesman for Demon Energy drinks that would be sold all throughout Poland.
Nergal appeared in his full Behemoth attire on the front of four different flavors of the Demon Energy brand next to the brand's slogan of "No Limits, No Laws".
Darski reportedly donated all of the money he earned for his placement to one of the world's best bone marrow donor centers.
In October 2012, he got into legal troubles again over the ripped up Bible incident in 2007.
The Supreme Court said that Darski could be guilty of the crime of “offending religious feelings” even though he did not mean to.
The case was returned to a lower court which found him guilty of “intentionally insulting the Holy Bible” but the case was dismissed because of to the statute of limitations.
Darski dated the famous Polish pop singer, Dorota Rabczewska, from mid-2009 to early 2011.
They even engaged during those years, but on 17 March 2011, the media claimed that they had called off the engagement and broken up.
Since 2014, Darski has been the co-owner of a barbershop in Warsaw, Poland.
In 2015 he opened a second barber shop in Warsaw and bar in Sopot.
Darski was rushed to the hospital on 8 August 2010 for unknown reasons.
All upcoming Behemoth live shows were cancelled.
On 24 August 2010, Darski was diagnosed with leukemia.
The illness was thought to have advanced far enough to make chemotherapy useless, but these reports have since been proven false.
His then-fiancée offered to donate her marrow, but his marrow didn't match.
On 8 November 2010, Darski found a genetic bone marrow match, and he then underwent treatment to receive a bone marrow transplant.
He was let out of the hospital on 16 January 2011.
1) There are some groups of people (whose ancestors came from Central Asia) who have been called Karaite people and the languages of some of these groups of people have also been called Karaite languages.
Their ancestors were a type of Christian from the Church of the East sometimes also called Keraites.
Many Karaite people say that the word Karaite means "black" in the Turco-Mongol language of their ancestors.
That is a traditional Central Asian way to say they were originally from the Northern Turkic tribes.
2) There are also Qaraite people who are mainly Turkic and related to the Karaite people but the Qaraite people mainly converted to Islam.
Most people say their name also means "black" but some of these Qaraite people themselves say their name actually comes from an Arabic word for someone good at reading the Quran.
3) There is also a type of Judaism commonly called Karaite Judaism.
More accurately it should be spelled in English with a Q not a K, so it should be Qaraite, but Karaite is a more common spelling.
In Judaism the word Karaite comes from a Hebrew word meaning "to call out".
This Jewish word has a completely different origin from the name used by the Karaite people and Qaraite people.
Both words look the same by accident only in English.
People who practice Karaite Judaism are called Karaite Jews.
In Judaism the term Karaite Language refers to Hebrew.
4) Some Russian Christians -including some of the western groups of the Karaite people- took many ideas from Karaite Judaism but they did not completely give up on Jesus.
They became Russian Sabbatarians.
They are also called Russian Karaites and Karaite Sabbatarians but there is a big argument about why they are called Karaite.
Is it because of their religion?
Or is it because some of them descended from the Karaite people or Qaraite people?
It seems impossible to know.
Valproate or VPA is a drug with the different forms, valproic acid, Sodium Valproate and Valproate semisodium.
It is mostly used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
It is also used to prevent migraines.
It is useful to prevent some kinds of seizures.
It can be given intravenously or by mouth.
Common side effects of this medication are sleepiness, dry mouth, weakness, vomiting and nausea.
Serious side effects can include liver problems, pancreatitis and an increased suicide risk.
Valproate is known to cause birth defects and miscarriages in pregnant women who use the medicine, so it is not recommended for women who are pregnant or able to become pregnant to take Valproate.
Overdose and poisoning
Too much valproic acid can result in sleepiness, shaking, near unconsciousness, shallow breathing, coma, metabolic acidosis, and death.
Normal plasma valproic acid levels are in a range of 20–100 mg/l during managed treatment, but may reach 150–1500 mg/l after serious poisoning.
Brand names of valproic acid
Absenor (Orion Corporation Finland)
Convulex (G.L. Pharma GmbH Austria)
Depakene (Abbott Laboratories in US and Canada)
Depakine (Sanofi Aventis France)
Depakine (Sanofi Synthelabo Romania)
Depalept (Sanofi Aventis Israel)
Deprakine (Sanofi Aventis Finland)
Encorate (Sun Pharmaceuticals India)
Epival (Abbott Laboratories US and Canada)
Epilim (Sanofi Synthelabo Australia and South Africa)
Stavzor (Noven Pharmaceuticals Inc.)
Valcote (Abbott Laboratories Argentina)
Valpakine (Sanofi Aventis Brazil)
Brand names of sodium valproate
Tablets – Diplexil-R by Bial.
Intravenous injection – Depacon by Abbott Laboratories.
Syrup – Depakene by Abbott Laboratories. (
Note Depakene capsules are valproic acid).
Depakote tablets are a mixture of sodium valproate and valproic acid.
Tablets – Eliaxim by Bial.
Epilim Crushable Tablets Sanofi
Epilim Sugar Free Liquid Sanofi
Epilim Syrup Sanofi
Epilim Tablets Sanofi
Sodium Valproate Sandoz Tablets Sanofi
Valpro Tablets Alphapharm
Valproate Winthrop Tablets Sanofi
Valprease tablets Sigma
Epilim by Sanofi-Aventis
Depakote Tablets (as in USA)
Tablets – Orlept by Wockhardt and Epilim by Sanofi
Oral solution – Orlept Sugar Free by Wockhardt and Epilim by Sanofi
Syrup – Epilim by Sanofi-Aventis
Intravenous injection – Epilim Intravenous by Sanofi
Extended release tablets – Epilim Chrono by Sanofi is a combination of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 2.3:1 ratio.
Enteric-coated tablets – Epilim EC200 by Sanofi is a 200-mg sodium valproate enteric-coated tablet.
Capsules – Episenta prolonged release by Beacon
Sachets – Episenta prolonged release by Beacon
Intravenous solution for injection – Episenta solution for injection by Beacon
Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Sweden
Tablets – Orfiril by Desitin Pharmaceuticals
Intravenous injection – Orfiril IV by Desitin Pharmaceuticals
Syrup – Convulex by Byk Madaus
Tablets – Epilim by Sanofi-synthelabo
Tablets – Epilim by Sanofi-Aventis
Companies are SANOFI-AVENTIS FRANCE, GEROT PHARMAZEUTIKA GMBH and DESITIN ARZNEIMITTEL GMBH
Types are Syrup, Extended release mini tablets, Gastric resistant coated tablets, Gastric resistant soft capsules, Extended release capsules, Extended release tablets and Extended release coated tablets
Intravenous injection – Epival or Epiject by Abbott Laboratories.
Syrup – Depakene by Abbott Laboratories its generic formulations include Apo-Valproic  and ratio-Valproic .
Tablets – Depakene by Kyowa Hakko Kirin
Extended release tablets – Depakene-R by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo and Selenica-R by Kowa
Syrup – Depakene by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo
Tablets (white round tablet) – Depakine (帝拔癲 / di-ba-dian) by Sanofi Winthrop Industrie (France)
Depalept (equivalent of Epilim)
Depalept Chrono (extended release tablets; equivalent of Epilim Chrono)
India, Russia and CIS countries
Valprol CR by Intas Pharmaceutical (India)
Encorate Chrono by Sun Pharmaceutical (India)
Serven Chrono by Leeven APL Biotech (India)
Brand names of valproate semisodium
Brazil – Depakote by Abbott Laboratories and Torval CR by Torrent do Brasil
Canada – Epival by Abbott Laboratories
Mexico – Epival and Epival ER (extended release) by Abbott Laboratories
United Kingdom – Depakote (for psychiatric conditions) and Epilim (for epilepsy) by Sanofi-Aventis and generics
United States – Depakote and Depakote ER (extended release) by Abbott Laboratories and generics
India – Valance and Valance OD by Abbott Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Divalid ER by Linux laboratories Pvt Ltd, Valex ER by Sigmund Promedica, Dicorate by Sun Pharma
Germany – Ergenyl Chrono by Sanofi-Aventis and generics
Chile – Valcote and Valcote ER by Abbott Laboratories
France and other European countries — Depakote
Peru – Divalprax by AC Farma Laboratories
China – Diprate OD
Somnolence (also sleepiness or drowsiness) is a strong desire for sleep.
It is also sleeping for unusually long periods.
It can refer to the usual state before falling asleep.
It can be accompanied by lethargy, weakness and difficulty thinking.
On 22 March 2016, three large explosions happened in the Belgian capital Brussels.
Two bombs exploded at Brussels Zaventem Airport and one exploded at Maalbeek metro station.
According to the Belgian Health Ministry, at least 31 people were killed and over 250 injured.
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has publicly claimed responsibility for the attack.
There are three suspects.
Two were suicide bombers and Belgian police are currently searching for the third one.
Belgium took part in the war against ISIL in Iraq.
About 500 foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq are Belgians.
The fighters mostly come from immigrant families.
Belgium suffered previous attacks.
In May 2014, an Islamist gunman attacked the Jewish Museum of Belgium in Brussels, killing four people.
In January 2015, Security men stopped a group maybe planned a second Charlie Hebdo shooting.
The operation resulted in the deaths of two members of the group.
In August 2015, a man shot and stabbed people on a train in Brussels, before being stopped by passengers.
The attackers that were part of the November 2015 Paris attacks were based in Molenbeek, and the city of Brussels was closed for five days to search for people.
On 18 March 2016, Salah Abdeslam, who possibly was part of the Paris attacks, was caught, and at least one other suspect is still free.
Bombing locations
At least 31 people were killed and more than 230 others were injured.
Three Americans, Mormon missionaries, were seriously injured, as well as a member of the U.S. military and his family.
The U.S. Embassy in Brussels asked U.S. citizens not to use buses and subways.
ISIL attacked Brussels
Two men used bombs to kill themselves and other people at Brussels Airport.
The police is looking for a third man seen with them in CCTV photo from the airport.
ISIL said it was behind the attack.
Hours after the attacks, police went into a home in Schaerbeek, north of Brussels, where they found a nail bomb, chemicals, and an ISIL flag.
One man was arrested, but then released.
The attackers
Belgian authorities said two brothers, Khalid and Ibrahim el-Bakraoui, both Belgians with criminal records — were among the three suicide bombers who attacked the Brussels metro and airport.
The brothers are believed to have links to last year’s Paris attacks, and to Salah Abdeslam.
There third man who appeared on the cameras is still free after he ran away when his bomb didn't explode.
Europe says "no" to fear
After the attacks in Brussels, European leaders said terror will not scare them.
In Belgium, officials declared three days of national mourning.
Belgian Prime Minister said that Charles Michel sent a message to the people behind the attacks, saying, "to those who have chosen to be barbarous enemies of freedom, democracy and fundamental values ... we remain united as one."
The world is sad
People shared cartoons and showed sadness in black, yellow and red, the colors of the Belgian flag.
Others put messages of solidarity with #JeSuisBruxelles, or "I am Brussels," an ode to a similar outpouring with #JeSuisCharlie after the Charlie Hebdo attack in January 2015.
Some people invited tourists stuck after the airport was shut into their homes using #OpenHouse.
French cartoonist Jean Plantureux, who goes by Plantu, drew an emotional cartoon for French newspaper Le Monde.
A crying person wrapped in a French flag hugs a crying person with a Belgian flag, suggesting solidarity between the two countries.
Attacks on airports
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016
2016 bombings
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2016
Vacco v. Quill, , was a landmark court decision about the right to die.
New York had made physician-assisted suicide illegal.
A group of doctors challenged this law.
The case went all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States.
In 1997, the Supreme Court decided that New York's law against physician-assisted suicide was constitutional and legal.
They ruled that the Constitution of the United States does not guarantee the "right to die."
The state of New York had made physician-assisted suicide illegal.
This law made it a crime for a doctor to give a patient medications that would kill them.
It also made it illegal for a doctor to do anything else that would end a patient's life.
These things were crimes even if the patient was terminally ill, wanted to die, and was competent (able to make decisions).
A group of doctors filed a lawsuit in federal court.
They argued that this law was unconstitutional.
They said the law violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
The Equal Protection Clause says that every state must give everyone "the equal protection of the laws."
The doctors argued that because of the law against physician-assisted suicide, terminally ill people did not have equal rights under the law.
They pointed out that terminally ill patients could refuse treatment, which would lead to their death.
However, these same patients did not have the right to give a doctor permission to end their lives.
Basically, they were arguing that refusing treatment in order to cause death, and asking a doctor to help cause death, were the same thing.
First, the case went to the United States District Court.
This court ruled that New York's law was constitutional.
It said that the state of New York had a good reason to care about keeping its citizens alive and protecting people who might need protection.
Next, the case was appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
It reversed the District Court's opinion.
The Court of Appeals said that the law did not treat all competent patients equally when they wanted to end their lives.
For example, if a patient were attached to a life support machine, like a ventilator, they had the right to have a doctor disconnect it.
This would cause their death.
However, a person in the same situation, on a life support machine, could not ask a doctor to give them medications to cause their death instead.
The Court agreed that asking doctors to remove life support devices (which was legal) was the same as physician-assisted euthanasia (which was not legal).
They ruled that this was not equal treatment, and that New York's law against physician-assisted suicide was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause.
The case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
On June 26, 1997, the Supreme Court voted 9-0 that New York's law was legal and constitutional.
Chief Justice William Rehnquist wrote the majority opinion, but five other Justices wrote separate concurring opinions.
As legal scholar Susan Stefan writes: "Justice Rehnquist's short, curt opinion reversing Quill is almost angry.
32  Rehnquist writes that assisted suicide is completely different from allowing a patient to refuse treatment.
The difference is that with assisted suicide, the doctor means to cause the patient's death.p.
32  When the doctor gives the patient medication that will kill them, they are causing the patient's death.
When a doctor lets a patient refuse treatment, they are letting the patient's disease cause their death.p.
The Court also wrote that there is no "fundamental" right to die in the Constitution.
Because of this, laws that make physician-assisted suicide illegal do not violate terminally ill people's Constitutional rights.
The Court added that the law allowed everyone to refuse treatment, and banned everyone from assisting suicide.
This was equal treatment, and did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the decision said.
Finally, the Court said that the state of New York had "a legitimate interest" (good, valid reasons) in banning physician-assisted suicide.
They said the ban would help the state prevent euthanasia, protect doctors' medical ethics, and protect terminally ill people who might feel pressured to end their lives.
Most importantly, they said, New York's ban helped protect human life.
The right to life (however long it may last) is an "unalienable right" (a natural right) guaranteed by the Constitution.
The right to death, the Court said, is not.
Washington v. Glucksberg (a very similar case about an assisted suicide law in Washington)
Sawi, Savi, or Sauji, is a Dardic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan.
It is also spoken in parts of Pakistan.
There are estimated to be about 4,200 speakers worldwide.
Cruel and unusual punishment is punishment that causes severe suffering, pain, or humiliation.
Many countries have laws against cruel and unusual punishment.
There are also international laws and treaties against this type of punishment.
For most of recorded history, the death penalty was often painful on purpose.
Severe historical punishments included being burned or boiled to death; cut or torn apart; crushed by stones; sawed in half; crucified; and many other extremely painful methods of execution.
Punishments that were not meant to cause death were also often painful on purpose.
The exact words "cruel and unusual punishment" were first used in the English Bill of Rights 1689.
In 1791, the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution made "cruel and unusual punishment" illegal in the United States.
Seven years later, the British Leeward Islands used the same words in their Slavery Amelioration Act.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948
Article 5 says: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment"
The European Convention on Human Rights, Article 3 (1950)
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 7 (1966)
The Constitution of the Marshall Islands (1979)
Article 2, Section 6 of the Constitution's Bill of Rights bans "cruel and unusual punishment", which it defines as the death penalty; torture; "inhuman and degrading treatment"; and "excessive fines or deprivations."
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 12 (1982)
The Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 16 (1984)
The Constitution of Poland, Article 40 (1997)
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 4 (2000)
The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution says that "cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted."
However, the Constitution does not define exactly what cruel and unusual punishments are.
In a case called Furman v. Georgia (), the Supreme Court of the United States decided what questions they would use to figure out whether a punishment was cruel and unusual.
Justice William Brennan wrote the opinion in the case.
He made four rules about punishments:
They cannot "be degrading to human dignity" (humiliating).
Torture is especially not allowed.
They cannot be "A severe punishment that is obviously inflicted in wholly arbitrary way"
They cannot be "A severe punishment that is clearly and totally rejected throughout society."
They cannot be "severe [and obviously] unnecessary."
The early Norwegian black metal scene was a black metal music scene and subculture in Norway during the early 1990s.
It is said to have created the modern black metal genre and produced many influential artists.
The scene drew a lot of media attention after some members were responsible for two murders and lots of church burnings in Norway.
The scene had an ideology that some people say was like a cult.
They had anti-Christian and misanthropic views.
Some were actual Satanists who wanted to spread terror, hatred and evil.
The core members called themselves "The Black Circle" or "Black Metal Inner Circle".
It was made up of mainly young men who gathered around the record shop Helvete ("Hell") in Oslo.
They liked to wear corpse paint.
The scene was exclusive, and most bands wanted to remain underground and out of reach to the mainstream.
During the 1980s, bands were called black metal if they had Satanic lyrics.
These bands usually only used these lyrics for "shock value."
During 1990–1992, a lot of bands who were influenced by those bands, began playing a new type of black metal.
The rise of popularity during this time was called the "second wave of black metal".
In the United States, racial segregation has existed since before the United States was its own country.
Slavery, racist laws, racist attitudes, and many other things caused the United States to segregate white and non-white people for centuries.
Although segregation is now against the law, racist attitudes still remain, and new forms of segregation have formed over time.
Segregation of African-Americans
The first African slaves were brought to America in 1619.
This was just nine years after British settlers created the first permanent settlement in America, at Jamestown, Virginia.
People in all thirteen American colonies used slaves.
Many of the Founding Fathers of the United States owned slaves, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, James Madison, Patrick Henry, and John Jay.
Abolitionists started trying to make slavery illegal in the mid-1700s.
By 1804, all of the northern states had ended slavery.
However, none of the Southern states had.
The Southern states believed that slavery was their right, and they did not want to give it up.
Cotton had become a very important crop in the South.
Owners of large cotton plantations were used to having slaves to do work for free, which made the plantation owners richer because they did not have to pay anybody to work.pp.
232–233
Eventually, the South tried to leave the United States.p.
278  This caused the American Civil War.
The North won, and in 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution made slavery illegal everywhere in the country.
In 1868 and 1870, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments gave African-Americans citizenship, and gave them the right to vote.
Segregation continues in the South
Losing the Civil War did not change people's ideas about African-American people.
During slavery, slave owners had not seen slaves as humans.
They saw them as property, things to buy and sell, like animals you would use on a farm.
After the War, many white people still did not see African-Americans as equal to whites.
Starting in 1890, the all-white legislatures in the Southern states began to pass state laws that required segregation.
Use the same bathrooms as whites, or drink from the same water fountains
In 1896, in a case called Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that these laws were legal.
They said that segregation was fine, as long as things were "separate but equal."
Segregation kept African-Americans from having the basic rights that the Founding Fathers had written into the Constitution of the United States.
Law-makers, government officials, voting officials, and police officers were all white.
This prevented African-Americans from having any say in their government; being able to get the same voting rights as white people; having police officers protect them; or being able to get justice for crimes against them.
Because they could not count on all-white police forces to protect them, violence against African-Americans, especially lynchings, increased.
Because African-Americans could not vote, they also could not serve on juries.
This meant that if a black person was ever on trial for a crime, the jury would be all-white.
However, African-Americans went through different kinds of segregation in other places.
Across the United States, segregation in housing was a problem.
Many African-Americans could not get mortgages to buy houses.
However, the military was segregated; black officers even had to enter some military bases through separate entrances from white officers.
Black soldiers also were not given the same opportunities as white soldiers.
Finally, in 1948, President Harry Truman de-segregated the military.
Mostly, they tried to use the courts to get justice.
Its goal was to end race discrimination through lawsuits, education, and lobbying.
From about 1954 to 1968, many African-American people  and white allies  fought to end racial segregation.
The movement depended on non-violent protests, sit-ins, marches, civil disobedience, and lawsuits.
Its victories included:
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) which made segregation in schools illegal
The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), which ended all bus segregation in Alabama
Getting federal soldiers to de-segregate Little Rock Central High School for its first nine black students (1957)
Sit-ins (1958-1960), which de-segregated some stores, lunch counters, and other places throughout the country
Getting United States Soldiers to force the Mississippi Southern College and the University of Alabama to let in their first black students
De-segregating businesses in downtown Birmingham, Alabama
Getting the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 passed.
These federal laws made it illegal to discriminate against black people, keep them from voting, and keep them from having fair housing
These victories were not easy.
Protesters were often threatened and attacked.
Leaders' homes were bombed.
In Birmingham, the police attacked protesters, including children, with police dogs and fire hoses, then took them to jail.
In other cities, police beat protesters with clubs and fired into student protests.
Three of the movement's leaders  Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and Medgar Evers  were murdered.
Nobody knows exactly how many people were killed during the Civil Rights Movement.
However, at least 37 people were murdered, either because they were doing civil rights work, or because racist white groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the White Citizens' Council wanted to terrorize black people.
Twelve of these people were children or teenagers when they were murdered.
Eventually, the Movement was successful in removing the laws that allowed segregation.
However, attitudes are harder to change, and racism still exists in the United States.
Segregation of Native Americans
In the early 1800s, the United States was growing farther into the South.
White Americans wanted more land to plant cotton.
However, many different Native American tribes lived in the lands the United States wanted to take over.
Andrew Jackson was a big supporter of "Indian removal"  convincing or forcing Native Americans to leave the South and move west, outside of the United States.
First as a Major General in the United States Army, and then as President, he led the United States' "Indian removal" program.
Indian removal
The program started in 1814, when Jackson led a group of soldiers who defeated the Creek Indians.
He forced them to sign a treaty giving up over 20 million acres of their land to the United States.
Over the next ten years, Jackson got nine other tribes to sign treaties giving up their land.
In 1829, Jackson became President.
That same year, gold was found in Georgia, which caused a gold rush.
This only made white people in the United States want control of the South even more.
In 1830, Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
This law said Jackson could give land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes if they agreed to give up their lands in the South.
The law promised the tribes that they could live on their new lands forever, and be protected by the United States government.
By the time his presidency ended in 1837, Jackson had gotten Native Americans to sign almost 70 treaties giving up their land.
Almost 50,000 Native Americans moved to "Indian Territory" west of the Mississippi River.
However, the government already had a plan to force them into a smaller area, in what is now eastern Oklahoma.
The Cherokee Nation refused to leave their lands.
They even got the United States Supreme Court to rule that they were sovereign and did not have to follow the laws of the United States.
Jackson simply ignored this ruling.
In 1835, he got a small group of Cherokee to sign a treaty agreeing to leave their lands.
The rest of the Cherokee Nation tried to keep their lands.
However, in 1838, the United States Army and the Georgia militia forced them to leave their lands.
On what is known as the "Trail of Tears," about 15,000 Cherokee were forced to walk over 2,000 miles to Oklahoma.
About 4,000 died along the way.
In 1851, the United States Congress passed a law that created Indian reservations in Oklahoma.
White settlers had already begun to move into the lands the Native Americans had been forced to move to.
This was causing conflicts between whites and Native Americans.
The goal of the reservations was to segregate the Native Americans from white settlers.
In 1868, President Ulysses S. Grant decided to create more reservations, and force Native American tribes that lived in the west to move to them.
Along with segregating the Native Americans and clearing their land for white use, Grant planned to have church officials run the reservations so they could teach Christianity to the tribes.
Many tribes refused to leave their lands, and were forced onto reservations by the United States Army.
If Native Americans left their reservations, the Army went after them to try to force them back onto the reservations.
This led to massacres of Native Americans, and some wars.
In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act.
This law stopped giving land to whole tribes, and broke up the land into small pieces for individual families to use for farming.
Indians who took the land, started living alone instead of with their tribes, and started farming were viewed as "civilized," and they were made United States citizens.
Indians who refused to segregate themselves even more on small pieces of land were not allowed to be citizens.
Whatever land was left was sold to white settlers, which made the reservations even smaller.
As of 2015, all of the Indian reservations in the United States, together, make up 87,800 square miles  an area about the size of Idaho.
However, Native Americans are now allowed to live or work anywhere they want to, and as of 2016, more than half have left the reservations.
Japanese-American internment
This caused the United States to enter World War II and start fighting Japan, as well as Nazi Germany and Italy.
In February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an order that allowed the military to force people to leave the West Coast.
However, Japanese-Americans were the only people on the West Coast who were forced to leave.
They were given 48 hours to leave their homes for internment camps.
These were camps where Japanese-Americans were kept separate from everybody else.
The camps were surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by soldiers with guns.
The United States government forced over 110,000 Japanese-American people into internment camps.
(This was over 80% of the Japanese-American people who lived in the continental United States at the time.)
About half were children.
Because the United States was fighting Nazi Germany and Italy as well as Japan, some German-Americans and Italian-Americans were forced into internment camps too.