the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Lee then attacked Pope and routed the Union army.
There were 13,826 Union casualties in the battle.
Pope retreated back to Washington.
His army was combined with the Army of the Potomac.
Pope was sent to Minnesota after the battle.
There were 8,353 Confederate casualties in the battle.
Lee decided to invade Maryland after the battle.
Bull Run 2
A cytotoxic T cell is a type of white blood cell.
It is a T lymphocyte which kills cancer cells, cells  infected with viruses, or cells that are damaged in other ways.
Antigens inside a cell are brought to the surface of the cell by major histocompatibility complex molecules, where they can be recognized by the T cell.
If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of MHC molecule and antigen, and the T cell destroys the cell.
The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter is a military US transport aircraft.
It was used by US Air Force between 1965 and 2006.
It flew for the Vietnam War and the Gulf War.
It was only used in the United States.
A total of 285 were built.
The Fuji FA 200 is a civilian light aircraft.
It was built in Japan between 1968 and 1986.
There were 275 of them built.
The band's first album, Boy is about childhood and the second album, October is about spirituality.
This album is about war and politics.
This is because of songs like "Sunday Bloody Sunday".
The album was named War because of what was happening in the world while they were recording.
Bono said that "everywhere you looked, from the Falklands to the Middle East and South Africa, there was war."
War sold well for the band right away.
Michael Jackson's album, Thriller fell from the top of the charts.
War became U2's first album in the United Kingdom to reach #1.
It was not well liked by British critics at first, but over the years has gained approval.
U2 began recording War in May 1982.
Bono and his bride Alison, had just been married.
The band took a break while Bono and Alison went on a honeymoon in Jamaica.
But Bono worked on the lyrics for the upcoming album while on vacation.
Sunday Bloody Sunday - 4:38
Seconds - 3:09
New Year's Day - 5:38
Like a Song… - 4:48
Drowning Man - 4:12
The Refugee - 3:40 (produced by Bill Whelan)
Two Hearts Beat as One - 4:00
Red Light - 3:46
Surrender - 5:34
40 - 2:36
Bono – lead vocals, additional guitar
The Edge – guitar, piano, lap steel, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Seconds," bass and guitar on "40"
Adam Clayton – bass, except on "40"
Kenny Fradley – trumpet on "Red Light"
Steve Wickham – electric violin on "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "Drowning Man"
The Coconuts: Cheryl Poirier, Adriana Kaegi, Taryn Hagey, Jessica Felton – backing vocals on "Like A Song…", "Red Light", and "Surrender"
A sweet roll (or sweet bun) refers to any kind of bread roll or bun that is made to taste sweet.
They are eaten as a breakfast or dessert food.
They may contain spices, nuts, fruits, and are often glazed or topped with icing.
Compared to regular bread dough, sweet roll dough generally has more sugar, fat, eggs and yeast.
They are often round, and are small enough to be eaten by one person.
They are different to pastries, which are made from a paste-like batter, and cakes, which are usually not leavened like bread is.
They are also not the same as doughnuts, which are deep fried.
Margaret Pellegrini (September 23, 1923 – August 7, 2013) was an American actress.
She was one of the last surviving munchkins from the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz.
Pellegrini was one of only two surviving female munchkins from the movie.
Pellegrini was born on September 23, 1923 in Tuscumbia, Alabama.
She was married to Willie Pellegrini until his death.
Pellegrini died on August 7, 2013 in Glendale, Arizona from a stroke, aged 89.
Pterois, also known as lionfish, is a genus of venomous marine fish.
They are found mostly in the Indo-Pacific.
Pterois is characterized by warning coloration with red, white, creamy, or black bands, showy pectoral fins and venomous spiky fin rays.
Pterois are classified into a number of different species, but Pterois radiata, Pterois volitans and Pterois miles are the most commonly studied.
Pterois are popular aquarium fish and are readily used for cooking.
Pterois are about 2.44in (6.2cm) to 16.69in (42.4 cm) with typical adults measuring 14.96in (37.9 cm) .
They weigh an average of 1.05 lbs (0.47 kg).
A Viscount (, ) is a member of the European nobility.
A viscount usually ranks above a baron and below a count.
The female equivalent is a Viscountess.
In France and Western Europe
Beginning in the early ninth century the Carolingian kings appointed counts to run local county governments.
The counts used viscounts or deputy counts to assist them.
The viscounts served as deputies of the county.
They had military, financial, administrative and judicial authority.
They carried out court orders and held courts of their own.
Viscounts also collected money for the king.
Starting with the reign of Philip the Fair they were paid regular salaries.
In the early tenth century, viscounts in the south of France gave themselves the rights of counts for their own profit.
In Narbonne and Nimes the office became hereditary just like that of a count.
Elsewhere in France viscounts began replacing counts where they could.
A Viscounty (or Viscountship) was the office, area or jurisdiction of a viscount.
By the eleventh century viscounts had become hereditary offices in most of Western Europe.
In Normandy, before 1066, Duke William I began to view the position of a viscount as being removable.
After 1066, and as King of England, William made several of his viscounts in Normandy, earls in England (an English earl was about the same as a count in Europe).
But there were no viscounts in the English peerage and he did not create any.
In eleventh century Italy, the office and the lands of a viscount began to be thought of as the hereditary property of the family.
The title, as with that of count or marquis was used by all members of a family.
The first introduction of the title of viscount in England was in the fifteenth century.
The first to be recognized, John Beaumont was already a viscount in Maine.
This was to give him a rank above the barons in the English peerage.
Afterward it became a regular rank in the peerage.
In England, and later in the United Kingdom, a viscount ranks above a baron but below an earl.
The wife of a viscount is called a countess.
Montacute is a small town and suburb in Adelaide Hills, South Australia.
The town is on Fifth Creek.
It is mostly a rural area.
Rostrevor is to the west of the suburb, while Lenswood is to the east, Castambul is to the north, and Norton Summit and Cherryville are to its west.
The small town of Montacute Heights is on top of the ridge between Fifth and Sixth Creeks.
Copper was discovered in the area in 1843, and a mine was built soon after.
One of the people who gave money for the mine was Sir John Baker.
He named the area after Montacute in Somerset, which was close to the place where he was born.
Gold was discovered in 1846.
The "Victoria Mine" became the first gold deposit to be commercially mined in Australia.
The main industries are now orchards and market gardens.
The 200-hectare Montacute Conservation Park was founded in 1971.
Corkscrew Road is a popular route for cyclists and people on day-trips.
It is a small road linking Montacute Heights with Gorge Road via a precipitous route with many twists and turns.
The Division of Cowan is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia.
It was created in 1984 and is named for Edith Cowan, the first woman elected to an Australian Parliament.
It covers the northern suburbs of Perth, including Girrawheen, Greenwood, Kingsley, Landsdale, Woodvale and Marangaroo.
2001 election results
Division of Cowan - Australian Electoral Commission
Luke Simpkin's website
The Division of Curtin is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia.
It was created in 1949 and is named for John Curtin, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1941-45.
Much of the area was part of the Division of Fremantle, which Curtin represented from 1928 to 1945.
It covers the beachside suburbs of Perth, including Claremont, Cottesloe, Mosman Park, Nedlands, Subiaco and Swanbourne.
Its most famous member was Paul Hasluck, a Cabinet minister and later Governor-General of Australia.
Julie Bishop was Minister for Education, Science and Training and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Women's Issues in the Howard Government.
She is the Deputy Leader of the parliamentary Liberal Party, making her the first woman to hold this role.
Division of Curtin - Australian Electoral Commission
Julie Bishop's website
Lionel Edmund Rose MBE (21 June 1948 – 8 May 2011) was an Australian boxer.
He was the first indigenous Australian to win a world title.
Rose was ranked as a bantamweight boxer.
This is a class for boxers who weigh between .
Rose was born and raised in Victoria.
He was born at Jacksons Track, and lived in the town of Warragul.
Rose had a difficult childhood.
He learned to box from his father, Roy.
Roy was a skilled fighter who competed in local house shows.
At the age of 10, Rose was given a pair of gloves by his teacher, Ian Hawkins.
When he was about 15, he began to be taught by Frank Oakes, a trainer in Warragul.
Rose later married Frank's daughter, Jenny Oakes.
Australian title
Rose competed in his first professional boxing match on 9 September 1964.
He won against Mario Magriss over eight rounds.
This fight was in Warragul, but most of Rose's fights were held in Melbourne.
Along the way he was helped by Jack and Shirley Rennie.
He stayed in their home in Melbourne, training each day in their backyard.
Rose won his first five matches.
After this, he was rematched with Singtong Por Tor, whom he had previously beaten in a 12-round decision.
They fought this rematch on 23 July 1965.
Por Tor won in six rounds by earning more points than Rose.
This was Rose's first defeat.
On 14 October 1965, he had his first fight outside Australia.
He fought Laurie Ny in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Rose beat Ny in 10 rounds.
Of his next nine fights, Rose won eight.
He scored one knockout.
The one match he lost in those nine fights was to Ray Perez.
On 28 October 1966, he fought for the Australian bantamweight title against Noel Kunde in Melbourne.
He won the title by defeating Kunde in a 15-round decision.
By winning in this match, Rose became the Australian bantamweight champion.
World title
Rose won one more belt in 1966 and eight in 1967.
He defended his Australian championship against Rocky Gattellari, winning by knockout in the 13th round of the match.
After this, Rose challenged Fighting Harada for the world bantamweight championship on 26 February 1968 in Tokyo.
He beat Harada in a 15-round decision.
This win made him the first Aboriginal Australian to be a world-champion boxer.
It made Rose a national hero in Australia, particularly among Aboriginal Australians.
He was awarded Australian of the Year for 1968.
On 2 July of that year, Rose returned to Tokyo to defend his title against Takao Sakurai.
He beat Sakurai with a 15-round decision.
On 6 December, he fought against Chucho Castillo in Inglewood, California.
Rose beat Castillo by decision, but the verdicts in favour of him made many in the crowd angry, as they supported Castillo.
A riot began, the referee and 14 fans were injured.
On 8 March 1969, Rose fought against Alan Rudkin.
Rose won in a 15-round decision, and kept the championship.
Five months later, he returned to Inglewood, where he faced Rubén Olivares on 22 August.
Olivares knocked out Rose in the fifth round, and so Rose lost the world bantamweight title.
Rose continued boxing after his defeat against Olivares.
However, after he lost several fights against boxers who were not very well known, many believed his career as a prime fighter was over.
On 10 October 1970, he beat future world lightweight champion Itshimatsu Suzuki in a 10-round decision.
Once again, he became a world title challenger, but in the lightweight division.
Rose lost to Jeff White for the Australian lightweight championship.
He then fought against world junior lightweight champion Yoshiaki Numata, on 30 May 1971 in Hiroshima.
Numata beat Rose by a 15-round decision.
Rose announced his retirement soon after.
During his break from boxing in the 1970s, Rose begun a modest career as a singer.
He had a few songs that were successful in Australia, such as "I Thank You" and "Please Remember Me" in 1970.
The song "I Thank You" was one of the most successful singles in Australia in 1970.
It was played instead of the Australian National Anthem during radio broadcasts of the Rugby League State of Origin.
Rose came back to boxing in 1975.
However, after losing four of his six matches, including one against Rafael Limón, he decided to retire forever.
As a professional boxer, Rose had a record of 42 wins and 11 losses, with 12 wins by knockout.
After boxing, Rose became a successful businessman.
A television miniseries called Rose Against the Odds (1991) was made about Rose's life story.
It starred Paul Williams and Telly Savalas.
It was released as a full-length movie in 1995.
Melbourne filmmaker Eddie Martin premiered his feature-length documentary Lionel at the Melbourne International Film Festival in 2008.
In 2007, Rose suffered a stroke.
It left him unable to speak and move very well.
He died on 8 May 2011, after an illness which lasted for several months.
Bill Long presents Lionel Rose in his first featherweight bout against Vicente Garcia featherweight champion of Mexico (1969)
Malachi Favors (August 22, 1927 – January 30, 2004) was an American jazz bassist.
He was best known for his work with the Art Ensemble of Chicago.
Favors was born on August 22, 1927 in Lexington, Mississippi.
Well known records of his include Natural and the Spiritual (solo bass, 1977) and Sightsong (duets with Muhal Richard Abrams, 1975).
In 1994 he played with Roman Bunka (Oud) at Berlin Jazz Fest and recorded the German Critics Poll Winner album Color me Cairo.
JazzWeekly.com: A Fireside Chat with Malachi Favors
Middleton was born in Glasgow, Scotland on May 6, 1898.
He came to Chicago in 1908 where he studied at the School of the Art Institute.
He joined the design department of the Ludlow Typograph Company in 1923 and served as director of the department of typeface design from 1933–71.
In 1944 he began operating a private press, The Cherryburn Press.
Povilas Tautvaišas (English:  Paul Tautvaisas / Tautvaisis) (born 6 May 1916, Mogilev – died November 1980, Chicago) was a Lithuanian-American chess master.
Tautvaisas returned to Europe, unlike many other players in that event (Najdorf, Stahlberg, Eliskases, Frydman, et al.).
He took 5th, behind Birmanas, Arlauskas, Abramavičius, and Vaitonis, at the 1943 Lithuanian chess championship in Vilnius.
Lithuanian sportspeople
Carl Wright (February 2, 1932 – May 19, 2007) was an American tap dancer, actor, and comedian.
He was known for his roles in Soul Food, Barbershop, and Big Momma's House.
Wright was born in Orlando, Florida on February 2, 1932.
He toured as a tap dancer as a young man, and for a time performed as The Three-Leggers with a one-legged partner.
Wright died of cancer at his home in Chicago.
The Cookout (2004) .... Grandpa
Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004) .... Checkers Fred
Platinum Playaz (2003) .... Mr. Green
M.I.T.: Murder Investigation Team .... Darren (1 episode, 2003)
Rubbish (2003) TV episode .... Darren
When Thugs Cry (2003) .... Minister
Barbershop (2002) .... Checkers Fred
Just Visiting (2001) .... Station Master
Big Momma's House (2000) .... Ben Rawley
Early Edition .... Henderson (1 episode, 1998)
Walk, Don't Run (1998) TV episode .... Henderson
Soul Food (1997) .... Reverend Williams
Fulk II was born about 905.
He was the son of Fulk the Red and his wife Roscilla de Loches.
She was a daughter of Warnerius, Seigneur de Villentrois.
He succeeded his father in 942 as the second count of Anjou (also called the count of Angers) and remained in power until 960.
The Angevins, Fulk II included, had become very good at making marriage alliances that helped their goals.
His father, Fulk the Red, had arranged his marriage to a Carolingian, Gerberga, the daughter of Ratburnus I Viscount of Vienne.
Among other things this marriage made it possible for their daughter Adelaide-Blanche to marry a future king of France.
It made them important enough for their son Guy to become Bishop of le Puy.
After Gerberga died  Fulk made another astute political marriage.
He married Adelaide, the widow of Alan II, Duke of Brittany.
Alan II had also been Count of Nantes and the marriage probably gave Fulk control of Nantes.
Adelaide was also the sister of Theobald I, Count of Blois.
This allowed Fulk II to form an alliance with the House of Blois.
Fulk died in 960.
He was succeeded by his son Geoffrey Greymantle.
By his wife, Gerberge,  Fulk II had several children:
Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, married five times.
Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou, married Adelaide of Vermandois.
Bouchard, Count of Vendome.
Guy of Anjou, Bishop of le Puy.
Humbert d'Anjou, mentioned 957.
960s deaths
A Morpho is a butterfly in one of over 29 species and 147 subspecies in the genus Morpho.
Morphos are Neotropical butterflies found mostly in South America, Mexico and Central America.
Morphos range in wingspan from the 7.5 cm (3 inch) M. rhodopteron to the imposing 20 cm (8 inch) Sunset Morpho, M. hecuba.
Many Morpho butterflies are coloured in metallic, shimmering shades of blue and green.
These colours are not caused by pigment.
They are an example of iridescence: light reflects through the microscopic scales covering the Morpho's wings.
The blue Morpho species have sexual dimorphism.
In some species only the males are iridescent blue, the females are camouflaged brown and yellow.
In other species the females are partially iridescent but less blue than the males.
Their habitat is the primary forests of the Amazon and Atlantic.
They can  breed in other forested habitats, for instance the dry deciduous woodlands of Nicaragua and in secondary forests.
Morphos are strong fliers, found at altitudes between sea level and about 1400 m. Morphos are diurnal: males spend the mornings patrolling along forest streams and rivers.
They are territorial and will chase any rivals.
Morphos typically live alone out of the mating season.
The adults are usually palatable, but hard to catch because they are such strong fliers.
Birds find it very hard to catch them.
The conspicuous blue coloration shared by most Morpho species may be a case of Müllerian mimicry, or may be 'pursuit aposematism'.
This means the bird learns that the colour says, in effect, "don't waste your energy, you can't catch me".
Although the adults are palatable, the larvae are not.
Their hairs are irritating, and when disturbed they secrete a noxious fluid which smells like rancid butter.
The strong odour is a defence against predators.
The caterpillar will molt five times before entering the pupal stage.
The bulbous chrysalis is pale-green or jade-green and emits a repulsive, ultrasonic sound when touched.
It is suspended from a stem or leaf of the foodplant.
The Battle of Malvern Hill was a battle in the American Civil War.
It was fought on July 1, 1862.
The Northwest Division is one of three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Pacific Division and the Southwest Division.
The five teams in this division are the Denver Nuggets, Minnesota Timberwolves, Oklahoma City Thunder, Portland Trail Blazers, and the Utah Jazz.
The Pacific Division is one of three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Northwest Division and the Southwest Division.
The five teams in this division are the Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, Phoenix Suns, and the Sacramento Kings.
The Southwest Division is one of three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Pacific Division and the Northwest Division.
The five teams in this division are the Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Memphis Grizzlies, New Orleans Pelicans, and the San Antonio Spurs.
The Wells Fargo Center is a multi-use indoor arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
It was called Spectrum II before it was built.
It has previously been called the CoreStates Center, First Union Center and Wachovia Center.
The Wells Fargo Center is the home arena of the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League, the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association, the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League, and the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League.
The Center was finished in 1996 to replace the Spectrum as the home arena of the Flyers, 76ers, and Wings.
It was built on the former site of John F. Kennedy Stadium (originally Philadelphia Municipal Stadium).
The cost of it was $210 million, and it was mostly privately financed (though the city and state helped to pay for the local infrastructure).
It is owned by Comcast Spectacor, which also owns the Flyers.
Global Spectrum operates the arena.
Comcast Spectacor also owns Global Spectrum.
The Wells Fargo Center is at the southwest corner of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex.
Some of the buildings there are Lincoln Financial Field, Citizens Bank Park, and Xfinity Live!.
The Center officially seats 20,318 for NBA and NCAA basketball games and 19,537 for NHL hockey and indoor ("box") NLL lacrosse.
With more standing-room areas available in luxury and club-box suites, the total paid capacity is actually more than that.
The Center has 126 luxury suites, 1,880 club-box seats, and a many restaurants and clubs (both public and private) available for use by patrons.
The offices, studios, and production facilities of Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia are all located in the facility.
On June 9, 2010, the Center set the record for the highest attendance for an indoor hockey game in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania (20,327) when the Flyers lost Game 6 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals to the Chicago Blackhawks.
The Center also set a record for the highest attendances for a college basketball game in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania on February 13, 2006, when Villanova University played and defeated the #1 ranked University of Connecticut before a crowd of 20,859.
On August 1, 2006, Comcast Spectacor announced it would add a new center-hung scoreboard to replace the original one made by Daktronics.
The new scoreboard, manufactured by ANC Sports is like other scoreboards in new NBA & NHL arenas.
Another linear LED display lining the entire arena was also added between the suite and mezzanine levels.
Other renovations for the Center's ten-year anniversary included upgrading the suites with more flat screen TV's, as well as changing ticket providers from Ticketmaster to New Era Tickets, which is owned by Comcast Spectacor.
The PA announcer at the Center for Flyers games is Lou Nolan, who moved with the team from the Spectrum, where he has worked since 1972.
Matt Cord is the PA announcer for 76ers games.
Jim Bachman is the PA announcer for Villanova basketball games.
Kevin Casey handles PA duties for the Philadelphia Wings.
Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL
Philadelphia 76ers of the NBA
Philadelphia Wings of the NLL
Philadelphia Soul of the AFL
Villanova University Wildcats of the NCAA Big East Conference; some big men's basketball home games which the on-campus arena, The Pavilion, is inadequate to use.
Former part time
Philadelphia Phantoms of the American Hockey League (AHL); the Flyers' AHL development club played some regular season and Calder Cup playoff games at the Center each season between 1996 and 2009 when the Spectrum was unavailable because of other events.
Philadelphia Soul of the original AFL; split games between the Center and the Spectrum between 2004 and 2008.
The AFL folded in 2009.
The Soul returned in 2011 (see above).
20,444 (1996-2006)
20,318 (2006-2010)
20,328 (2010–present)
19,463 (1996-1997)
19,511 (1997-1998)
19,519 (1998-2003)
19,523 (2003-2008)
19,537 (2008–present)
Protocol 41 is a communication protocol which embeds internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) packets inside Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) packets.
It is usually used to allow a computer or router with only an IPv4 address to obtain an IPv6 address (or maybe more than one address, to serve more than one computer).
Most IPv6 tunnel providers support Protocol 41, including Hurricane Electric and SixXS.
6to4, 6rd, and 6in4 are all different ways of using Protocol 41.
Protocol 41 does not use TCP or UDP (although the IPv6 packets inside can carry TCP and UDP traffic).
It is not to be confused with TCP or UDP port number 41.
6to4
6to4 is a special usage of protocol 41.
A 6to4 address starts with the digits 2002, followed by the IPv4 address of its router.
A 6to4 address might look like: 2002:CB00:71FF:0:fe64:3486:d398:3346
John Kristoff's IP protocol 41 feed blog post
IP protocol 41 feed
Castor and Pollux were twin brothers in Greek and Roman mythology.
Together they are called the Dioscuri.
They were the sons of Queen Leda of Sparta.
Their twin sisters were Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra.
Castor and Pollux were changed into the constellation called Gemini.
Tyndareus, the king of Sparta, was the father of Castor, which made Castor mortal, while Zeus was the father of Pollux which made him a demigod.
Zeus seduced Leda as a swan and she laid four eggs, these eggs hatched and four children were born to Leda, the two brothers Castor and Pollux, and two sisters, Helen and Clytemnestra; Castor and Clytemnestra were considered to be the children of King Tyndareus,  Pollux and Helen were the demigod offspring of Zeus.
Castor and Pollux are universally named among the Argonauts, the crew of the Argo who sailed for Colchis with Jason.
During the quest for the Golden Fleece, Pollux is noted for having bested the King of Bebryces during a boxing match.
One of the best-known myths with Castor and Pollux is how they became a constellation.
During a battle Castor, being mortal was killed.
Heartbroken at the death of his brother, Pollux prayed to Zeus to make Castor immortal which meant Pollux would have to give up half of his immortality.
Eventually, Zeus agreed to the request, and so Castor and Pollux were transformed into the Gemini constellation.
To balance the cosmos, the Dioscuri would only be on Olympus one half of the year, and the other six months would be spent in the Underworld in the Elysium fields.
They became the gods of sailing and horsemanship. ...
Pollux and Castor were also known for their boxing abilities and were thus the gods of athletes and athletic competitions.
In both art and literature, Pollux and his brother were shown with horses, as the two were famed horsemen.
Sodablasting is a process for cleaning and removing old paint from surfaces.
Sodium bicarbonate is "blasted" against the surface using compressed air.
The book tries to explain how aspects of humans and society can be explained from the point of view of evolution.
He explains how evolution has left its traces on the characteristics which are the specialty of the human species.
Examples are generosity, self-sacrifice, worship and the use of sex for pleasure.
Sociobiology: the new synthesis is a book by E.O. Wilson that helped start the sociobiology debate, one of the great scientific controversies of the 20th century.
Wilson popularized the term "sociobiology" as an attempt to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind behaviours such as altruism, aggression, and nurture.
The fundamental principles guiding sociobiology are:
an organism's evolutionary success is measured by the extent to which its genes are represented in the next generation.
this applies to an animal's behaviour and social life as much as it does to any other aspect of its life.
The book was first published in 1975, then reprinted in 1976.
A twenty-fifth anniversary edition was published in 2000 by Harvard University Press.
The application of sociobiology to humans was immediately controversial.
Some people, such as Stephen Jay Gould, and Richard Lewontin said that sociobiology was biologicially determinist.
They argued that it would be used, as similar ideas had been in the past, to justify the status quo, entrench ruling elites, and legitimize authoritarian political programmes.
They referred to social darwinism and eugenics of the early 20th century, and to other more recent ideas, such as the race and IQ controversy of the early 1970s as cautionary tales in the use of evolutionary principles as applied to human society.
Wilson and his admirers countered these criticisms by saying that Wilson had no political agenda, and if he had one it was certainly not authoritarian (Wilson is an outspoken environmentalist).
They argued that sociobiology does not necessarily lead to any particular political ideology as many critics implied.
Many other sociobiologists have used sociobiology to argue quite separate points.
Noam Chomsky surprised many by coming to the defense of sociobiology on the grounds that political radicals need to postulate a relatively fixed idea of human nature in order to be able to struggle for a better society.
They needed to know what human needs were in order to build a better society.
An extensive account of the controversy around the book was published 25 years later.
It largely supporting Wilson's views.
For ethologists, Wilson's ideas are mainstream, and for them his book is not controversial.
Geoffrey I of Anjou (930–987), called Greymantle (), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 960 to 987.
He greatly increased the power and influence of Anjou.
Geoffrey was the oldest son of Fulk II of Anjou and his first wife Gerberga.
He succeeded his father as Count of Anjou about 960.
Geoffrey married Adele of Meaux (934–982).
Adele was the daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy.
On her mother's side she was a granddaughter of king Robert I of France.
On her father's side she was a direct descendant of Charlemagne.
Her cousin was Hugh Capet, King of the Franks.
Geoffrey started by making his power base the citadel of Angers.
Geoffrey carefully placed his loyal followers on lands surrounding the city.
This was to protect his own territories.
The lands of the abbeys of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Serge in Angers provided revenues for his most faithful men.
Geoffrey told both his sons, Fulk and Maurice: "No house is weak that has many friends.
Therefore I admonish you to hold dear those fideles who have been friends."
Geoffrey used several ways of expanding his power and control.
Creating family connections was one way.
For example his father had controlled Nantes by marrying the widowed countess.
Geoffrey brought Nantes under control by making Count Guerech accept him as overlord.
For some time the counts of Maine and the bishops of Le Mans had been fighting among themselves.
Geoffrey saw a way to take advantage of the situation.
About 971 Geoffrey secured the diocese of Le Mans for his ally and friend Bishop Seinfroy.
Then, in 973, Geoffrey arranged the marriage of his daughter Ermengarde-Gerberga to Conan I of Rennes, the count of Maine.
But rather than act like an ally Conan began to oppose Geoffrey.
In 982 the two met at the first battle of Conquereuil where Geoffrey defeated Conan.
Geoffrey had influence in Aquitaine through his sister Adelaide-Blanche's first marriage to the powerful baron Stephen, Count of Gevaudan and Forez.
After his death the lands were ruled by his widow Adelaide-Blanche.
Their sons, Geoffrey's nephews, Pons and Bertrand succeeded as counts there.
Geoffrey's niece, Adalmode, married Adelbert, Count of Marche and Périgord.
In 975 Geoffrey had his brother Guy appointed as the Count and Bishop of Le Puy.
In 982 Geoffrey married his now widowed sister Adelaide-Blanche to the fifteen-year-old Louis V of France.
The two were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine.
But the two could not get along and the marriage failed.
So did Geoffrey's plans to control Aquitaine through his young son-in-law.
After the death of his first wife Adele, Geoffrey married secondly Adelaise de Châlon.
By this marriage he exerted control over the county of Châlons.
Through the marriage of his son, Fulk III, to Elisabeth the heiress of Vendôme Geoffrey brought that county under his influence.
Geoffrey made his son Fulk Nerra his co-ruler just before he died while attacking the fortress of Marcon on 21 July 987.
He married Adele of Meaux (934–982), daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy.
Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou, she married Conan I of Rennes.
She secondly married William II of Angoulême.
Fulk III of Anjou (970-1040), he succeeded his father as Count of Anjou.
Geoffrey of Anjou (971-977), died young.
Maurice of Anjou, Count of Châlons.
980s deaths
Bremach is an Italian manufacturer of trucks.
It specializes in the manufacturing of military vehicles, and 4WD fire engines.
Some are used in France and Germany.
The Cessna T-41 Mescalero is an American training aircraft.
It is a military variant of the Cessna 172.
It first flew in 1965.
It was first used the same year.
It was used by many air forces including Argentina, Greece, Iran, Laos.
The Bell 47 is an American helicopter.
It was the first civilian helicopter in the world built in series.
Militaries used it as OH-13.
It was built under licence in Italy by Agusta and in Japan by Kawasaki.
Its first flight was in 1947.
Heads of state of Libya (1951–present)
World StatesmenLibya
Since independence, heads of government of Libya have been Prime Ministers from 1951 to 1977.
Then General Secretaries of the General People's Committee from 1977 to 2011.
Prime Ministers were back in the Libyan government since 2011.
Heads of Government of Libya (1951–present)
(Dates in italics indicate continuation of office)
Ali Zeidan (sometimes written as Zidan; ; born 1950) is a former Prime Minister of Libya.
He was appointed by the General National Congress on 14 October 2012.
Zeidan took office on 14 November after Congress approved his cabinet nominees.
Before the Libyan civil war, Zeidan was a human rights lawyer in Geneva.
According to the BBC, he is considered by some local observers as a strong-minded liberal.
It was reported on 10 October 2013 that Zeidan was kidnapped by armed men in Tripoli, during the early hours in the morning.
He was freed hours later.
The Air Forces of the National People's Army () was the air force of East Germany.
Luftverteidigungsdivision (1.
LVD)
Jagdfliegergeschwader 1 "Fritz Schmenke" (HQ Holzdorf)
Jagdfliegergeschwader 3 "Wladimir Komarow" (HQ Preschen)
Jagdfliegergeschwader 7 "Wilhelm Pieck" (HQ Drewitz)
Jagdfliegergeschwader 8 "Hermann Matern" (HQ Marxwald)
Fla-Raketenbrigade "Hermann Dunker" (HQ Ladeberg)
Fla-Raketenbrigade "Werner Lamberz" (HQ Sprötau)
Fla-Raketenregiment 31 "Jaroslaw Dombrowski" (HQ Straßgräbchen)
Luftverteidigungsdivision (3.
Jagdfliegergeschwader 2 "Juri Gagarin" (HQ Trollenhagen)
Jagdfliegergeschwader 9 "Heinrich Rau" (HQ Peenemünde)
Fla-Raketenbrigade "Erich Weinert" (HQ Sanitz)
Fla-Raketenregiment 13 "Etkar André" (HQ Parchim)
Fla-Raketenregiment 23 "Rudolf Breitscheid" (HQ Stallberg)
Fighter Aircraft
Mikoyan MiG-21
Mikoyan MiG-23
Mikoyan MiG-23BN
Transport Aircraft
Zlín Z 43
Surface-to-Air Missiles
S-75 Dvina (SA-2 Guideline)
S-75 Wolchow (SA-2 Guideline)
S-125 Newa (SA-3 Goa)
S-200 Wega (SA-5 Gammon)
S-300 (SA-10 Grumble)
Raul Hector Castro (June 12, 1916  April 10, 2015) was a Mexican-born American politician.
He has served in both elected and non-elected public offices, including Ambassadors from the United States and the 14th Governor of Arizona (1975–77).
He was the first hispanic to be elected governor of Arizona.
At the age of 98, he became the oldest living United States governor, after the death of former Washington Governor Albert Rosellini at the age of 101.
Castro was born on June 12, 1916 on Cananea, Mexico.
He studied at Northern Arizona University and at James E. Rogers College of Law.
In 1954, he was elected county attorney and served in that capacity until 1958, when he became a Pima County Superior Court Judge.
His national stature grew over the years, and President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Castro as U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador in 1964.
After four years there, he served as Ambassador to Bolivia until the end of 1969.
Returning to Tucson, Arizona in 1969 to specialize in international law, Castro continued to rise to the top in Arizona Democratic politics.
Seeking state office for the first time in 1970, he won the Democratic nomination for governor, but narrowly lost the general election to Republican incumbent Jack Williams.
In 1974, Castro was elected governor.
In 1977, after two years as governor, he was selected by President Jimmy Carter to be ambassador to Argentina.
Castro held that post until 1980.
On June 12, 2012, despite searing temperatures, Castro was stopped by U.S. Border Patrol after they detected traces of radiation in his vehicle.
After explaining that the radiation was due to a medical procedure from the previous day, the ex-governor was released after a short detention.
Interview with R.H. Castro for the newspaper Clarín of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20 December 1998 concerning the Beagle conflict: Clarín .
The Raul Castro Collection at the University of Arizona UAiR Collection
Guinevere was the wife of King Arthur in the Camelot stories.
Part of the story is that she fell in love with Lancelot, Arthur's very close friend and greatest knight.
Scott Wilson (born William Delano Wilson; March 29, 1942 – October 6, 2018) was an American actor of television and movies.
He was known for his roles in In the Heat of the Night, In Cold Blood, The Great Gatsby, Dead Man Walking, Pearl Harbor, and Junebug.
Wilson was born on March 29, 1942 in Thomasville, Georgia.
He married Heavenly Wilson in 1977.
Wilson died of complications from leukemia on October 6, 2018 in Los Angeles, California, aged 76.
Gregory was born on October 12, 1932 in St. Louis, Missouri.
Gregory studied at Sumner High School and at Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
He had been married to Lillian Gregory since 1959.
A short biography from www.dickgregory.com
Dick Gregory's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Booknotes interview with Gregory on Callus on My Soul: A Memoir, March 4, 2001.
Speech by Dick Gregory given on October 20, 1969.
Audio recording.
From the University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues.
Footage of October, 1968 interview with Dick Gregory regarding his candidacy for the Presidency in 1968
Hip hop soul is a genre of music that fuses hip hop, R&B, soul, and new jack swing.
Some notable artist include R. Kelly, Mary J. Blige, Ashanti, Keyshia Cole,  Frank Ocean, Mariah Carey, Ray J and Akon.
Hip hop soul first started as a fusion genre that fused hip hop with soul music, Some of the best songs of hip hop soul include "I'll Make Love to You", "Lonely", "Swim Good" and "Can't Be Without You".
It was very popular at first, but then it began to lose commercial success because of its late sexual lyrics and dark themes.
The Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after Vladimir Lenin, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union.
The order was awarded to:
Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State,
Members of the armed forces for exemplary service,
Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in strengthening peace
Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and society
The order was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930.
It was disestablished in 1991, because of the fall of the Soviet Union.
Legal Library of the USSR
Con Air is an American 1997 action crime thriller movie.
It was directed by Simon West and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer.
It stars Nicolas Cage, John Malkovich, John Cusack, and Steve Buscemi.
In was released on June 6, 1997.
Saving Mr. Banks is a 2013 biographical comedy-drama movie.
It is based on the real life events during the making of the 1964 Disney movie Mary Poppins.
Saving Mr. Banks stars Tom Hanks as Walt Disney and Emma Thompson as P. L. Travers.
Paul Giamatti, Bradley Whitford, Kathy Baker, Rachel Griffiths and Colin Farrell also appear in the movie.
Meryl Streep was the first choice to play Travers.
Thompson took the part because the studio could not get Streep.
Thompson has said the role of P. L. Travers was the most difficult one she's played.
Photography began in September 2012.
The movie was filmed in the Los Angeles area, and the Disney Studios.
Care was taken to keep any post-1964 rides from being caught on film.
Saving Mr. Banks was given its world premiere at the London Film Festival on October 20, 2013.
It has received much critical praise.
The Hollywood Reporter said the movie was an "affecting if somewhat soft-soaped comedy drama, elevated by excellent performances."
Jokkmokk is a locality in the county of Dalarna in Sweden.
It is the seat of Jokkmokk Municipality.
A skin graft is a transplants of skin.
The most common way to do this is to transplant skin from one part of a person to another place on the same person.
The technique was developed in World War II by surgeons who had to deal with people who had suffered severe burns.
Transplants of skin from one person to another is limited by tissue rejection caused by the immune system.
As with organ transplants, tests are done to find a donor who is "compatible" with the host.
Identical twins make the perfect donors for each other because they are genetically identical.
World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan are places that are in the World Heritage Site List of UNESCO, a part of the United Nations, which are selected by UNESCO's World Heritage Committee.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan
Nirodha is a Sanskrit word, which is also a concept used in Buddhism.
It is one of the Four Noble Truths.
It is the end of suffering and its causes.
According to Thubten Chodron, Nirodha is the final disappearance of all bad experiences and their causes in such a way that they can no longer occur again.
Shahram Rostami (born 19??)
was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War.
He shot down 6 Iraqi fighters: 1 MiG-21, 3 Mirage F1s and 2 MiG-25s.
He was the first fighter pilot in the world, who shot down a MiG-25.
Brookhaven is a city in western DeKalb County, Georgia, United States.
It is northeast of Atlanta.
Brookhaven became DeKalb County's 11th city on December 17, 2012.
It has been approved in a referendum on July 31, 2012.
In 2012, about 49,000 people live in Brookhaven.
It is the largest city in DeKalb County.
The new city stretches over .
City of Brookhaven
Brookhaven Directory
Brookhaven Neighborhood Association
21st-century establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
M129 Grenade launcher is an American 40-mm automatic grenade launcher.
It is weapon for helicopters.
It was made in 1966 by the Ford aerospace company and it is still being used today.
It is advanced version of the earlier M75.
The rate of fire of M75 was 225 rounds per minute, but the M129 can shoot 400 rounds per minute.
M129 is used by these helicopters:
Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne
OH-6A Cayuse
OH-58 Kiowa
Russian literature is literature written in the Russian language or by Russian people.
Famous writers who were Russian include Leo Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Gogol, Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Sholokhov and Solzhenitsyn.
Old Russian literature
Golden Age of Russian literature (19th century)
Silver Age
Soviet Russian literature
Modern Russian literature
Conair Group, a company that makes firefighting tools for aircraft
Con Air, a movie from 1997
Conair of Scandinavia, a Danish airline from 1964 to 1994
Connellan Airways (later Connair), an Australian airline from 1943 to 1980
William Patrick Clark, Jr. (October 23, 1931 – August 10, 2013) was an American rancher, judge, and public servant.
He served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 until 1985.
Clark was born on October 23, 1931 in Oxnard, California.
Clark was married to Johanna "Joan" Brauner until her death in April 2009.
They had five children; Monica, Peter (nicknamed Pete), Nina, Colin, and Paul.
Department of the Interior listing
American President - William Patrick Clark
United States Deputy Secretaries of State
Haji (Cerlet Catton; January 24, 1946 – August 10, 2013) was a Canadian-born actress and former exotic dancer known for her role in the Russ Meyer's 1965 cult classic Faster, Pussycat!
Kill!.
Haji was born on January 24, 1946 in Quebec, Canada.
She had one daughter out of wedlock.
Haji died on August 10, 2013 from unknown causes.
Canadian sex industry people
Meyer is known writing and directing on a series of successful low-budget sexploitation movies that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women such as in Faster, Pussycat!
Meyer was born on March 21, 1922 in San Leandro, California to a German-American family.
He was raised in Oakland, California.
He was married to Betty Valdovinos from 1949 until they divorced in 1950.
Then he was married to Eve Meyer from 1952 until they divorced in 1966.
Then he was married to Edy Williams from 1970 until they divorced in 1973.
Meyer died on September 18, 2004 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California from complications from pneumonia after battling Alzheimer's disease.
Meyer was buried at Stockton Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.
Biopic
Nathaniel Rich on Russ Meyer in the San Francisco Chronicle
Public Enemies is a 2009 biographical-crime-drama movie set in Chicago during the 1930s.
It was directed by Michael Mann.
It stars Johnny Depp as John Dillinger.
Christian Bale, Marion Cotillard, Stephen Lang, Leelee Sobieski, Channing Tatum, and Billy Crudup also star.
Roger Ebert, Peter Travers, Rex Reed, and Michael Phillips gave it positive reviews.
He provided the voice of Krebbs in The Rescuers Down Under (1990).
Two years later, Seale voiced the Sultan in Aladdin.
He also appeared in several movie including Amadeus and Ernest Saves Christmas (1988) in which he played Santa Claus.
He appeared in the 1986 Christmas movie, A Smoky Mountain Christmas, as Vernon.
Seale was born on 28 October 1913 in London, England.
He was married three times, first two ended in divorce.
His last marriage was to Louise Troy until her death of breast cancer in 1994.
Seale died on 13 June 1999 in New York City, New York from pneumonia, aged 85.
He was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.
The University of Paris () was a famous university in Paris, France.
It was one of the first universities to be established in Europe.
It was founded in the middle of the 12th century.
The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or la Sorbonne, after the creation of the college (Collège de Sorbonne) founded around 1257 by Robert de Sorbon.
Academy of Paris
Sorbonne - Universités Paris I, III, IV and V (official homepage)
1150s establishments
Not Without My Daughter is a 1991 American drama movie by director Brian Gilbert.
It plays Sally Field and Alfred Molina.
It is based on Betty Mahmoody's 1987 book by telling the story about the escape with her daughter from her husband from Iran.
American Betty Lover marries Iranian doctor Sayeed Bozorg Mahmoody (nicknamed: Moody).
They have a daughter called Mahtab (Persian: "Moonlight").
Moody wants to see his family in Tehran, Iran, because he has not seen his family for ten years.
Betty doesn't want to go to Iran, because she thinks that it is dangerous.
Moody persuades Betty, that she goes to Iran for a two week holiday.
But Moody has hidden the termination of his job in a hospital in the USA from Betty and Mahtab and tells his family, that they will stay in Iran forever.
Because a man has the say in Iran, they have to stay here and Betty cannot take her daughter Mahtab out of the country without her husband's permission.
She searches for help to escape from the country with Mahtab, for example from the Swiss embassy.
She has major problems to adapt to the strict laws and customs of the country, because as an American she is much-hated in Iran.
Moody often abuses Betty, because she does not obey him.
After 18 months, Betty succeeds to escape Iran with her daughter Mahtab.
They flee over the Zagros mountains in the northwest of Iran to Turkey.
They fly back to USA from there.
Heterpogon contortus is a kind of perennial grass.
It is native to southern Africa, southern Asia and parts of Australia and Oceania.
Common names for the species include black spear grass and tanglehead.
The plant can reach a height of .