the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
The Tama River is a border between Tokyo and its neighbor city, Kawasaki.
In 1943, Tokyo prefecture's municipalities and city of Tokyo were associated in a special way.
The administration of Tokyo city merged with the administration of Tokyo Prefecture.
Tokyo Metropolis is governed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
Other towns/villages
Izu & Ogasawara Islands
The Ogasawara Islands include Chichi-jima, Nishinoshima, Haha-jima, Kita Iwo Jima, Iwo Jima, and Minami Iwo Jima.
Minami Torishima, the  easternmost point in Japan, is also part of the Ogasawaras.
Okinotorishima, the southernmost point in Japan, is also administered by Tokyo as part of this group.
Most international flights to and from Tokyo go through Narita International Airport in Chiba Prefecture, opened in 1978.
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
The Ring of Brodgar is a Neolithic henge and stone circle on Mainland, the largest island in Orkney, Scotland.
It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.
The stone circle is  in diameter, and the third largest in the British Isles.
The ring originally comprised 60 stones, of which only 27 remained standing at the end of the 20th century.
The tallest stones stand at the south and west of the ring.
The stones are set in a circular ditch up to  deep,  wide and  in circumference that was carved out of the solid sandstone bedrock by the ancient residents.
Technically, this ditch does not constitute a true henge as there is no sign of an encircling bank of earth and rock.
However, many archaeologists refer to this structure as a henge.
Aubrey Burl classifies the ditch as a Class II henge; one that has two opposing entrances, in this case on the north-west and south-east.
The Ring is in a significant ritual landscape.
Within  there are the two circle-henges, four chambered tombs, groups of standing stones, single stones, barrows, cairns, and mounds.
A number of flint arrowheads and broken stone mace-heads were found nearby.
They seem to date from the Bronze Age.
The nearby Standing Stones of Stenness and its Maeshowe tomb help to make the Ring of Brodgar a site of major importance.
Gliese 581 is an M-class red dwarf star that is not far from the Earth.
It is 22 light years away from the Solar system.
This makes it the 89th closest known star to the Sun.
It is also known as HO Librae, GL 581, or GJ 581.
Astronomers  have discovered some planets that orbit Gliese 581.
The astronomers agree that four of the planets are real, but some think there are two more planets.
Gliese 581 has a radius, and mass, about a third that of the Sun.
Its estimated temperature  is 3,498 Kelvin (4125 Celsius, 7457 Fahrenheit).
Its luminosity is 0.01205 times the luminosity of the Sun.
People on Earth can see Gliese 581 in the constellation Libra.
The star's apparent magnitude is 10.57.
This means that a person on Earth would need to use a telescope to see Gliese 581, because the star is not bright enough for the naked eye to see.
In the 2005, scientists found a planet orbiting Gliese 581.
The scientists, led by Stephen Vogt, used a method called Doppler spectroscopy to find the planet and some facts about the planet.
They said that the planet, named Gliese 581b, has a size close to the size of Neptune (the eighth planet in our solar system).
They found that 581b weighs 16.6 times as much as the Earth, and that its orbit around GL 581 lasts for 5.366 days.
After this study was published, more scientists started to look for other planets that orbit Gliese 581.
In the 2007, another group of astronomers said that they found two more planets.
These two planets were named 581c and 581d.
For planet c, the scientists measured a mass of 5.06 times the Earth's mass.
They found that the planet's orbit lasts for 12.931 days.
For planet d, they found a mass of 8.3 times the Earth's mass, and an orbit time of 83.4 days.
In 2009, the first group of astronomers found a fourth planet, named 581e.
They measured the planet's mass to be 1.94 times the mass of the Earth, and measured the planet's orbit to be 3.149 days long.
The astronomers also studied planet 581d again, and made more accurate measurements for that planet.
They found that the planet has a mass that is 7.09 times the Earth's mass, and that its orbit lasts for 66.8 days.
Possibility of more planets
Vogt's group of astronomers said that they have found two more planets orbiting Gliese 581, named 581f and 581g.  They published their findings in 2010.
For planet 581f, they found a mass of 7.0 Earth masses and an orbit length of 433 days.
For the other new planet, 581g, the group measured a mass that was 3.1 times the mass of the Earth and an orbit that was 36.6 days long.
After the Vogt group published their report on the fifth and sixth planets, some other astronomers published opposing results.
In 2012, these other scientists said that planets 581f and 581g did not actually exist.
Their report stated that the Vogt group's new findings were false positives.
They looked at the original Doppler spectroscopy data again, and found no signs of the two new planets.
However, the Vogt group published even more research that supported the two new planets.
Later in 2012, they studied new Doppler spectroscopy experiments and found stronger signs of planets 581f and 581g.  They also simulated the two orbit models that the two groups of scientists have proposed.
Vogt's group found that the proposed system with four planets was unstable, meaning that if there were only four planets orbiting Gliese 581, the system would have broken a long time ago.
On the other hand, they said that the system with six planets was much more stable.
Orbit models
Two orbit models for the Gliese 581 system are being considered currently.
An orbit model is a scientific model that astronomers create as a hypothesis of how a star's planets go through their orbits.
One has four planets with eccentric orbits, and the other has six planets with circular orbits.
In the first model, some scientists propose that only the four planets 581b, 581c, 581d, and 581e orbit Gliese 581.
None of the planets orbits in a circle.
Instead, their paths around the star are ellipses.
In the second model, the six planets 581b through 581g orbit around Gliese 581.
Here, each planet has a circular orbit around the host star.
Comet belt
In November 2012, scientists at the European Space Agency said that they found a belt of comets orbiting around Gliese 581.
Our solar system has a similar comet belt called the Kuiper belt.
Astronomers think that Gliese 581's habitable zone goes from approximately 0.05 AU (astronomical units) to 0.24 AU away from the star.
This means that planets orbiting between these distances could be the right temperature to let organic life (life as we know it on Earth) survive.
If the six-planet model is correct, then at least two of the planets might be habitable.
In other words, humans might be able to live there.
In this model, the planet 581d orbits at the outside edge of Gliese 581's habitable zone, and the planet 581g orbits in the middle of the habitable zone.
If the atmosphere on 581g is like Earth's atmosphere, the planet's temperature would be between 236 and 261 Kelvin (-37 and -12 Celsius, -35 and 10 Fahrenheit).
This is only a little lower than Earth's temperature.
Even though these two planets might be the right temperature for life to live, other issues could make their environments hostile.
Planet 581g might be stuck in an orbit resonance, where the planet spins at the same rate that it orbits around the star.
This would mean that one side of the planet always faces the star, just like the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth.
If this is the case, the side that faces the star would be too hot for people to live, while the other side would be too cold.
Planet 581d might also be caught in an orbit resonance.
Articles about Gliese 581.
Space.com articles about Gliese 581
The EPR paradox is an early and strong criticism of quantum mechanics.
Albert Einstein and his co-workers, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, said that Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and the other scientists in Copenhagen were wrong about uncertainty.
Heisenberg claimed that you could never know, for any one time, both the position and momentum (or velocity, or trajectory) of any atom-sized or smaller particle.
The idea was that the two could not be measured at the same time, and that as soon as one was measured a change would occur and you would not get the same answer for the other one that you would have gotten if you had measured it first.
Einstein and his group said that Heisenberg should think again.
Suppose you had two very small particles.
You measured the weight of each of them and then stuck them together.
You gave them a little push.
Then something broke them apart.
They should have both positions and velocities that were related.
So if you measured the position of one of them, then even if you assumed that Heisenberg was right and you could not involve messing up its velocity in the process of measuring it, surely that did not mean that it never had a definite velocity.
For proof, Einstein said that you could next measure the velocity of the second particle and, since everything was mathematically related, you would then know the velocity of the first particle.
There was one way that Heisenberg could be right, a reason that Einstein thought was nonsense: What if measuring the position of the first particle would mess up the velocity of the second particle.
That would be like magic.
How could anybody explain such an influence?
Suppose that the two particles were moving away very fast and a long time had gone by.
If something that happened to the first particle somehow influenced the second particle, its influence would have to travel faster than the speed of light, which is impossible.
Physicists like Erwin Schrödinger suggested that maybe the relationship in position and velocity would just gradually go away somehow.
Schrödinger called the connection between the two particles (and anything like it that happened to other things) "entanglement."
"Spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is one way of understanding this paradox.
Einstein had no way of knowing that future experiments would show that entanglement exists.
In the end, John Stewart Bell showed mathematically that there is no way that hidden variables could account for experimental results that show entanglement.
A soakage, or soak, is a source of water in the deserts of Australia.
It is called a soak because the water generally soaks into the sandy ground, and is stored below.
They sometimes form part of an ephemeral river or drainage system.
Soakages were traditionally important sources of water for Aboriginal people in the desert, because they are the most reliable sources in times of drought.
Knowing the exact location of each soakage was very valuable knowledge.
In the 19th century, the explorers Peter Warburton and David Carnegie wrote that they had chased down Aboriginal people with camels and captured and chained them to force them to reveal their secret sources of water.
America's Next Top Model: All-Stars is the seventeenth cycle of America's Next Top Model.
This cycle features contestants from previous cycles who didn't win.
They compete for a grand prize.
The winner was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato.
A spread in Vogue
A $100,000 contract with CoverGirl
A correspondent for Extra
A campaign with Express
A chance to be the face of America's Next Top Model fragrance "Dreams Come True"
Shannon Ratliff (runner-up) | (6th)
Camille McDonald (5th) | (11th)
Brittany Brower (4th) | (14th)
Lisa D'Amato (6th) | (Winner)
Brittany "Bre" Scullark (3rd) | (10th)
Bianca Golden (4th) | (8/9th)
Dominique Reighard (4th) | (5th)
Isis King (10th) | (12th)
Sheena Satana (6th) | (13th)
Allison Harvard (runner-up) | (Runner-up)
Laura Kirkpatrick (runner-up) | (4th)
Angelea Preston (3rd/4th) | (3rd)
Kayla Ferrel (3rd/4th) | (8/9th)
Alexandria Everett (4th) | (7th)
Best: Isis King
Worst: Alexandria Everett & Brittany Brower
Eliminated: Brittany Brower
Best: Lisa D'Amato
Worst: Kayla Ferrel & Sheena Satana
Eliminated: Sheena Satana
Best/Immune: Allison Harvard
Worst: Isis King & Angelea Preston
Eliminated: Isis King
Best: Angelea Preston
Worst: Lisa D'Amato & Camille McDonald
Eliminated: Camille McDonald
Best: Laura Kirkpatrick
Worst: Lisa D'Amato & Angelea Preston
Best: Dominique Reighard
Worst: Alexandria Everett & Bre Scullark
Eliminated: Bre Scullark
Best/Immune: Lisa D'Amato
Worst: Bianca Golden, Kayla Ferrel & Shannon Ratliff
Eliminated: Bianca Golden & Kayla Ferrel
Best: Allison Harvard
Worst: Alexandria Everett & Angelea Preston
Worst: Laura Kirkpatrick & Shannon Ratliff
Eliminated: Shannon Ratliff
Worst: Dominique Reighard & Angelea Preston
Eliminated: Dominique Reighard
Worst: Laura Kirkpatrick & Allison Harvard
Eliminated: Laura Kirkpatrick
Disqualified: Angelea Preston
Final Two: Lisa D'Amato & Allison Harvard
America's Next Top Model: Lisa D'Amato
Wuhan () is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the city with most people in Central China.
It is at the east of the Jianghan Plain, where the Yangtze and Han rivers meet.
Joining three nearby cities, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is a center of transportation, with many railways, roads and expressways passing through.
Because of its important role in transportation, Wuhan was sometimes called the "Chicago of China."
It is also recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, and educational center of central China.
The city of Wuhan, first called so in 1927, has 10,020,000 people (as at 2011).
In the 1920s, Wuhan was the national capital of a Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei when he was against Chiang Kai-shek, and it was also the capital in 1937.
Wuhan University () is a university in Wuhan, China.
It started teaching in 1893.
The buildings and the cherry blossom in the university are very beautiful and well known.
People think it is one of the most beautiful universities in China.
Mantarur is a hilly area in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia.
It forms the southeastern end of the Olia Chain of mountains.
This outcrop includes Butler's Dome (; 1102 metres above sea level).
The granite escarpment called Foster's Cliff is nearby to the east.
Mantarur is located about  southwest of Kata Tjuṯa.
It is on Pitjantjatjara land, part of the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust.
A family outstation was established here in the 1980s, at a rockhole in the western slopes.
Frank Rees George led a prospecting expedition through the area between 1905 and 1906.
George gave names to several of the landforms, including Butler's Dome, which is believed to have been named after Richard Butler, who was a minister of South Australia.
He named Foster's Cliff after R. W. Foster, the South Australian Commissioner of Public Works.
The expedition found traces of gold at Foster's Cliff, but not enough of it to warrant mining.
It was the only place in the Petermann Ranges found to contain any gold.
Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief (stage name Maria Tallchief; January 24, 1925 - April 11, 2013) was the first person of Native American descent to become prima ballerina for a major company.
She is especially well known for her time with the New York City Ballet, where she performed between 1948 and 1965.
Maria Tallchief grew up on an Indian reservation in Oklahoma.
Her father was Osage.
Her mother was Scottish-Irish.
She started doing ballet at age four.
By the time she was eight, she had already gone through all teachers at her level in Oklahoma, so her family moved to Beverly Hills.
She was trained by Bronislava Nijinska, David Lichine, and George Balanchine.
Balanchine became her husband in 1942.
She starred in many of her husband's ballets including The Firebird.
After she starred in The Firebird, she got international recognition.
She was an artistic director of the Chicago City Ballet from 1980 to 1987.
She was recognized in the National Women's Hall of Fame.
Anderson, Jack. "
Maria Tallchief, a Dazzling Ballerina and Muse for Balanchine, Dies at 88."
New York Times Apr 13 2013, Late Edition (East Coast) ed.
ProQuest.
29 May 2015.
Matheson, Katy. "
Tallchief, Maria."
Archive footage of Maria Tallchief and Michael Maule performing Firebird in 1951 at Jacob's Pillow
Biography for Maria Tallchief at the Internet Movie Database
Maria Tallchief from Upstream Video Productions
Maria Tallchief interview by Bruce Duffie
Maria Tallchief Dances  TV appearance, Christmas 1952
Entertainers from Oklahoma
Accidental deaths in Chicago
The Olia Chain (or The Olias) is a mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia.
It forms the southeastern end of the Petermann Ranges, and connects these ranges with the Musgrave Ranges further south.
The Olia Chain consists of scattered outcrops of rocky hills, separated and surrounded by sandy plains.
It extends from Katamala Cone (828 m) at its northern end to Mantarur (including Butler's Dome, 1102 m) in the south.
The centre of the chain is dominated by Stevenson Peak (1025 m).
A few kilometres northeast of this peak is a Pitjantjatjara outstation, called Pirrulpakalarintja.
Star Fox Adventures is an action-adventure video game for the Nintendo GameCube game console.
It was released in North America on September 23, 2002, in Japan on September 27, 2002, and in Europe on November 22, 2002.
It was Rare's last game for a Nintendo console before they were bought by Microsoft as a developer for their Xbox console.
The plot centers around Fox McCloud restoring the remote Dinosaur Planet by finding pieces that have broken off of it.
Unlike the other Star Fox games, Star Fox Adventures plays as an action-adventure game similar to The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
Instead of a blaster, Fox uses a staff as his weapon.
Fox can find power-ups for his staff that allow it to fire projectiles, freeze enemies, and reach areas that he cannot reach on his own.
Fox cannot jump unless he runs off of something, in the same way that Link jumps in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
Two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if and only if they are orthogonal (perpendicular) and unit vectors.
Frank Bank (April 12, 1942 – April 13, 2013) was an American actor.
He was best known for his role as Clarence "Lumpy" Rutherford on the situation comedy television series Leave It to Beaver.
Bank was born on April 12, 1942 in Los Angeles, California.
He died on April 13, 2013 from unknown causes, aged 71.
Harvey Forbes Fierstein (born June 6, 1954) is an American actor and playwright.
He is known for playing his voice roles as Yao in the 1998 animated movie Mulan and Koosalagoopagoop in Dexter's Laboratory.
He won two Tony Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.
Fierstein was born on June 6, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York.
He was raised Jewish, but he is an atheist.
Fierstein is openly gay.
He now lives in Ridgefield, Connecticut.
Fierstein is an activist for Gay Rights as supporter for the Democratic Party.
Review of Torch Song Trilogy, with information about Fierstein
TonyAwards.com Interview with Harvey Fierstein
Donald L. Brooks' memoir of early casting of Fierstein and commissioning and directing Fierstein's first play.
James Abbott McNeill Whistler  (; July 11, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter, most famous for a portrait of his mother.
A railgun is a gun that fires metal projectiles (bullets) using a magnetic field produced by electricity.
Unlike conventional guns, it does not use brass casings or gunpowder, and rarely needs to be cleaned or unjammed.
Currently most railguns are experimental and are not used in war yet, but the U.S. Army is expecting to create one for war within the next few decades.
In theory, a railgun could fire a bowling-ball-sized projectile fast enough to destroy a small building, even over long distances.
Railguns are usually very large and not portable because of the need for a large power supply.
There have been proposals to use the same technology for non-weapon purposes, such as aircraft and spacecraft launchers and specialized tools.
A beneficiary is someone who gets money or other things from somebody else.
For example, in a life insurance policy the beneficiary gets the money after the insured person dies.
A beneficiary can also be the person chosen in someone's will.
The person or group who gives the money is called the benefactor.
In Trust law the beneficiary is the person who receives property from a trustee.
The Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust is a land trust for a block of land in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia.
It was created through the Katiti Land Claim in 1980.
The trust's owners include Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people.
The block of land is officially referred to as Northern Territory Portion 1818.
It borders the larger Petermann Land Trust area and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park to the north and west, and two pastoral stations to the east and south: Curtin Springs and Mulga Park.
The town of Yulara is excluded from the Land Trusts, and sits between the Katiti block and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park.
The trust is named after Katiti (), a natural spring located about  south of Lake Amadeus.
This spring was first written about by Baldwin Spencer and Francis James Gillen.
They visited it in 1894 on their way to Uluṟu, and recorded the name "Kurtitina" (more accurately, ).
The prospecting expedition led by Lawrence Wells visited the spring in 1903, and Herbert Basedow marked it on his maps as "Curtyteena".
Before the 1970s, the area of land now held by the Katiti ALT was considered crown land by the government.
The region to the southwest had been declared an Aboriginal reservation in 1920.
An area of land around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa had been made into the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park in 1958.
The Katiti block, however, was considered unused.
In 1976, the Australian Federal Government passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act.
This law allowed Aboriginal communities to claim ownership of unused land, and to be granted freehold title to that land if they could show that they had a historical association with it.
Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Land Trusts to look after the title.
The Katiti Land Claim was formally submitted in 1979.
The claim was for a larger area than what is held by the Trust today, and included the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park.
It was sumbitted by the Central Land Council on the behalf of several hundred people, most of whom lived at Muṯitjulu.
The people were granted legal ownership to the block of land now held by the Katiti ALT on 30 September 1980.
They were not granted the title to Ayers Rock–Mt Olga because it was already being used as a national park.
They were, however, recognised as the park's traditional owners ().
Also excluded from the property granted were a  area surrounding the resort town of Yulara, and a  area covering the Petermann Road, which provided tourist access to Uluṟu.
Petermann Road was later replaced by the Lasseter Highway, and the government transferred the title to the old road to the Katiti ALT on 23 February 1990.
Legal ownership over the national park's land was eventually granted to its traditional owners in 1985, and the title to this area is held by the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust.
Ownership of the Yulara area was the subject of a court case, which ended in 2006.
Palestinian political violence is the violence of the Arabs in Palestine.
Its history begins from 1851 during the Ottoman Empire, and continued after the declaration of Israel in 1948 until today.
The violence has included stabbing, shootings, and bombings.
Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Egyptians, Americans, and citizens of other countries.
Palestinian terror groups in the Jewish Virtual Library website
He is also known for his work in independent movies and made his directorial debut in with the 2007 movie The Education of Charlie Banks.
The second movie he directed was the 2008 movie The Longshots.
He was ranked at #71 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.
Lombardo has also been a part of his side project Grip Inc., Fantômas, Philm, and Testament.
He was born in Havana and moved to South Gate, California with his family when he was two years old.
He was given his first drum set at the age of ten.
He was given the title "the godfather of double bass" from Drummer World.
He is known as an inspiration to many modern metal drummers, mainly within both the thrash and death metal genres.
He left Slayer in 2013 and was replaced by Paul Bostaph.
After he left Slayer, he decided to reform his side project Grip Inc.
Mount Currie is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia.
It is part of the same line of conglomerate hills that includes Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa.
These three formations have very similar compositions.
The sheet of conglomerate that is shared by all three is called Mount Currie Conglomerate.
The peak was named Mount Currie by the explorer William H. Tietkens, who led an expedition through the area in 1889.
He named the peak from a distance, and did not actually approach it.
The first White explorers to reach Mount Currie were the Mackay Expedition in June 1926, which was led by Donald Mackay and Herbert Basedow.
"Plastic Brit" is a rude insult that is used towards sportspeople who were not born in the United Kingdom but were chosen to compete for Great Britain.
It was mainly used by the Daily Mail in the build up to the 2012 Summer Olympics.
It was argued against by some of the sportspeople who were called "Plastic Brits", including Yamilé Aldama who wrote a page against it in The Guardian.
Aurora (aircraft), an alleged surveillance aircraft
Aurora (mythology), Roman goddess of the dawn
Aurora Pro Patria 1919, an Italian football club
Semitic studies
Semitic Museum
The Boston Marathon bombings were a terrorist attack that happened during the 2013 Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013 in Boston, Massachusetts.
At 2:49 PM EDT, two bombs exploded thirteen seconds apart near the finish line.
Three people were killed and an estimated 264 people were injured.
The windows of stores near the explosions were broken, and a window on the third floor of the Boston Public Library, across the street from the site of one of the explosions, was damaged.
At the time of the first traumatic  explosion, the clock at the finish line showed a time of 04:09:43.
This was within minutes of the time that the most runners were crossing the finish line during the 2013 Boston Marathon.
The winning runners had crossed the finish line two hours earlier, and other runners were finishing.
The remaining runners were directed away from the finish line.
The Federal Aviation Administration stopped all airplanes from departing Boston's Logan International Airport for almost two hours.
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Boston's transit system, had some service shut down after the bombings.
In response to the bombings, security was increased in New York City.
Counter-terrorism vehicles were sent to landmark sites in the city.
Security was increased at Times Square, hotels, and other places.
Security was also increased in Washington D.C., where the White House was partially evacuated.
Pennsylvania Avenue was closed off by the United States Secret Service.
In Chicago, all of the city's most important streets and buildings were also closed and inspected.
Barack Obama, the President of the United States, addressed the nation several hours after the bombings.
He said that while the people behind the bombings were still not known, the government would "get to the bottom of this.",
and that those people would feel "the full weight of justice."
The President addressed the nation again the next day.
He later described the bombings as an act of terrorism, saying that "Any times bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror."
The day after the bombings, a moment of silence was held at the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Other events across the country also held moments of silence.
During a news conference on April 18, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released video and pictures of two possible suspects to the public, asking them to help identify the suspects in the video and pictures.
The FBI reported that one of the men was seen placing a backpack at the scene of the bombings minutes before they happened.
On the evening of April 18, a shooting happened on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at 10:48 PM EDT.
Multiple shots were fired.
One police officer at the scene died after being shot multiple times.
After killing the police officer, the suspects  stole a silver Mercedes-Benz SUV in Cambridge.
They forced the owner to use his ATM card to take out $800 in cash.
They released him after the ATM reached its limit.
The owner's cell phone was still in the car, allowing police to locate the suspects.
Police exchanged gunfire with the two suspects in Watertown.
One police officer was very badly hurt while exchanging gunfire with the suspects.
The Boston Globe reported that the suspects were the same men that the FBI were looking for in the aftermath of the Marathon bombings.
One of the suspects, 26-year old Tamerlan Tsarnaev, died of his injuries.
The other suspect, 19-year old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was "still at large," according to law enforcement officials.
On the morning of April 19, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick asked the city of Boston to "shelter in place."
This meant that people should stay inside and not open their doors to anyone other than police officers with proper identification cards.
As a result, the entire transit system of Boston, as well as taxi service, was shut down.
Later that evening, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was taken into custody.
He had hidden in a boat in the backyard of a property on  67 Franklin St. in Watertown and was spotted by a man checking on his boat.
He was taken into custody alive, but very badly hurt after a standoff with police.
On April 22, Dzhokar was charged with using and planning to use a weapon of mass destruction to cause death and with destruction of property resulting in death.
On May 15, 2015, a jury sentenced Dzhokhar to death by lethal injection.
2010s explosions
Marathon bombings
Islamic terrorist incidents in the United States
Terrorist incidents in 2013
Worm charming, worm grunting, and worm fiddling are methods of attracting earthworms out from the ground.
It is usually done to collect bait for fishing, but it can also be a sport.
Most worm charming methods involve vibrating the soil, which encourages the worms to the surface.
One method involves twirling a steel pole in the ground, which moves the dirt, making the worms in the area go to the top of the ground.
The worm grunting capital of the world is Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Every year on June 21, thousands of fishermen show up for the annual worm grunting festival.
Something related to the country Slovakia
Slovaks, the people of Slovakia
Slovak language, the language of Slovakia
Yoruba religion is a traditional West African religion, mainly from Nigeria.
It is the religion of the Yoruba people.
It has influenced some off-shoot religious groups.
It is nowadays a minority religion.
A central idea behind the Yoruba religion is that natural objects, like trees, rivers, stones, and iron have a spiritual existence.
The Yoruba religion has had great influence among black people in Cuba, many of whom are Yoruba descendants.
It has some usage in other Caribbean islands, and in the United States.<ref>Canizares, Raul 1993.
Walking with the night: the afro-Cuban world of santeria.
Rochester, VT: Destiny.</ref>Gonzalez-Whippler, Migene 1982.
The santeria experience.
N.Y. Original Publications.
ISBN 0-942272-15-3Mason, Michael Atwood 2002.
Living santeria: rituals and experiences in an Afro-Cuban religion.
Washington: Smithsonian.
ISBN 1-58834-077-5Thompson, Robert Farris 1983.
Flash of the spirit: African and Afro-American art & philosophy.
N.Y. Vintage.
ISBN 0-394-72369-4  In Cuba the religion is known locally as regla d'ocha, (meaning 'the way of the spirits').
Santería'' is a slightly wider term referring to the merging ("syncretism") of African spirits and Catholic saints.
Adherents in countries like Cuba may be received into the Catholic church and initiated into the Yoruban religion, sometimes on successive days.
African traditional religions
Cuban culture
Something related to Uzbekistan
Something related to Valencia (autonomous community), part of Spain
Something related to the city Valencia, which is in the autonomous community
Cerebral aneurysms, also called brain aneurysms, are a cerebrovascular issue in which weakness in the walls of a cerebral artery causes localized dilation or ballooning in the blood vessel.
Small, unchanging aneurysms may produce very few symptoms.
However, before a larger aneurysm ruptures, individuals may experience sudden or severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and vision problems.
The rupture may also directly cause serious damage directly to the brain, usually from the bleeding itself-this is a hemorrhagic stroke that can lead to and may cause arm or leg weakness or paralysis and speech troubles.
Cerebral aneurysms may result due to congenital defect, high blood pressure or head trauma.
Onsets are sometimes sudden and without warning, and such ruptures are extremely dangerous and usually result in bleeding into the brain itself, leading to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which then constitutes a stroke.
This condition may lead to death or permanent disability for some individuals.
James Jesus Angleton (December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987) was chief of CIA counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975.
His official title was Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence (ADDOCI).
He started towards the end of World War II, and worked in Italy for the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) after the war.
Returning to Washington DC, he became one of the founding members of the CIA in 1949.
The peak of his career was in detecting "moles", that is, foreign spies in American and western secret services.
The 1970s Church Committee of the US Senate established that Angleton was in charge of the domestic spying activities of the CIA under 'Operation CHAOS'.
Engelberg, Stephen.
James Angleton, Counterintelligence Figure, Dies.
The New York Times, May 12, Late City Final Edition, Section D, Page 31, Column 1.
Hersh, Seymour.
The Angleton Story".
The New York Times Magazine, June 25, 1978, p. SM4.
James Jesus Angleton, the CIA and the Craft of Counterintelligence, University of Massachusetts Press.
Frontline—"The Spy Hunter" May 14, 1991 by Tom Mangold for the PBS program
Teresa Michelle Scanlan (born February 6, 1993) is a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss America 2011.
Before that, she was Miss Nebraska 2010.
She became the youngest Miss America since Bette Cooper in 1937.
She advocates for eating conditions, including bulimia.
She was originally from California, but is now from Nebraska.
People from Nebraska
Camden is a city in Camden County, New Jersey, United States.
It is a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Camden is directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia.
The city of Camden was officially incorporated in 1828.
Its population has gone up and down since the 1940s, and even more so since the 1950s.
Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) is a type of computer memory.
It is permanent storage similar to a hard drive.
The startup configuration is stored in NVRAM.
The best known form of NVRAM today is the flash drive.
The 2013 FA Cup Final was the 132nd final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football cup competition.
The final took place on the 11 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium.
Premier League clubs Manchester City and Wigan Athletic took part in the 2013 final, with Wigan Athletic defeating Manchester City 1–0 after an injury time goal from Ben Watson.
Museo Reina Sofía is a museum in Madrid, Spain.
Picasso's painting Guernica is there.
The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS, also called the Museo Reina Sofía, Queen Sofia Museum, El Reina Sofia, or simply The Sofia) is Spain's national museum of 20th century art.
The museum was officially inaugurated on September 10, 1992 and is named for Queen Sofia of Spain.
It is located in Madrid, near the Atocha train and metro stations, at the southern end of the so-called Golden Triangle of Art (located along the Paseo del Prado and also comprising the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza).
Highlights of the museum include excellent collections of Spain's two greatest 20th century masters, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.
The Reina Sofia Museum also hosts a free-access library specializing in art, with a collection of over 100,000 books, over 3,500 sound recordings and almost 1,000 videos.
The central building of the museum was once an 18th-century hospital.
Extensive modern renovations and additions to the old building were made starting in 1980.
In 1988, portions of the new museum were opened to the public, mostly in temporary configurations; that same year it was decreed by the Ministry of Culture as a national museum.
Its architectural identity was radically changed in 1989 by Ian Ritchie (architect) with the addition of three glass circulation towers.
A €92 million designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened October 2005.
The building has been functioning as the Centro del Arte (Art Center) since 1986 but was established as the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in 1988.
But analyzing the building's history up until these events, it appears that the building was subjected to being tested out as different representations of what it is today.
Photo Gallery, Reina Sofía Museum
"Gentleman" () is a song by South Korean musician, PSY.
The first public performance of the song, with its associated dance, was unveiled at 6:30pm on April 13 at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Seoul.
Ensemble Studios was a video game developer.
It was founded in 1995 at first as an independent company.
It was founded by Tony Goodman, Rick Goodman and John Boog-Scott.
It was acquired by Microsoft in 2001 and operated as an internal studio until 2009, when it was officially disbanded.
Ensemble developed many real-time strategy games, including the Age of Empires game series, Age of Mythology, and Halo Wars.
In addition to game development, Ensemble Studios also made the Genie Game Engine used in Age of Empires, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, and Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds.
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London where Shakespeare's plays were held.
It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
Over the years, several theatres have held this name, all in central London.
The Globe could seat 3000 people and 1000 standing in the yard.
It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.
A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614.
It was closed in June 1642, with other theatres, by order of the Puritan Long Parliament.
There are drawings of the outside of the theatre, but historians do not really know what the inside of the Globe looked like.
They have had to use written descriptions, details from the building contracts, drawings of other theatres, and clues in the plays written to be performed in the Globe.
In 1989 an archaeological dig at the site showed that the building was in the shape of a polygon, with 20 sides.
They also discovered the building was 100 feet (30 m) in diameter.
A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 about 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre.
The rebuilding was a project started by an American actor, director and producer, Sam Wanamaker.
He set up the Globe Theatre Trust, and spent years raising money and researching so that the theatre could be built.
He died before the new Globe was finished.
Xbox Game Studios is the video game production wing for Microsoft, responsible for the development and publishing of games for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Games for Windows and Windows Phone platforms.
They were established in 2002 as Microsoft Game Studios to coincide with the release of the Xbox, before being re-branded in 2011.
Microsoft Studios develops and publishes games in conjunction with first and third party development studios under their publishing label.
Microsoft's Official Xbox website
"Blame It on the Rain" is a song by Milli Vanilli.
It was released in summer 1989.
The song was their third and last Billboard Hot 100 number one hit before their lip synching scandal.
The club mix version of the song was on their album All or Nothing.
It hit number one in November 1989 and stayed there for two weeks.
Lin Biao (Chinese: 林彪; December 5, 1907 – September 13, 1971) was a Chinese communist military leader.
Lin was a general in the First Chinese Civil War (1927-1936) and the  Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and the Second Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) of the People's Liberation Army.
After the war, Lin was key in creating Mao Zedong's personality cult.
He wrote the introduction to The Little Red Book.
Lin was rewarded for his service to Mao by being named Mao's successor in the Ninth Party Congress, 1966.
This he remained until his death in 1971.
Lin died in September 1971 when his aeroplane crashed in Mongolia.
He was attempting to flee China with his son after what appeared to be a failed military coup.
After Lin Biao's death, he was branded a traitor by the Communist Party of China.
He, along with Jiang Qing (Mao's forth wife) and the Shanghai Radicals are still officially blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution (1966).
Lin's introduction to the Little Red Book
The Encyclopaedia Britannica's article on the man
Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China
Ancient Greek sculpture is the sculpture of Ancient Greece.
There are  three major stages.
Sculpture was used to show the battles, mythology, and rulers of the area known as Ancient Greece.
Archaic period
The Greeks began again to carve in stone as they came out of their Dark Age.
They were inspired by the large stone sculptures of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Free-standing figures share the solidity and front-facing stance of their Eastern models.
However, their style is more dynamic than those of Egyptian sculpture.
This is clear in the Lady of Auxerre and the Torso of Hera (Early Archaic period, c. 660–580 BC.
Both are in the Louvre, Paris).
After about 575 BC, figures such as these, both male and female, began wearing the so-called 'archaic smile'.
This may have been a device to give the figures a distinctive human appearance.
Three types of figures are common – the standing nude youth (kouros, plural kouroi), the standing draped girl (kore, plural korai), and the seated woman.
All emphasize and generalize the essential features of the human figure and show an increasingly accurate understanding of human anatomy.
Lady of Auxerre
The (75 cm high) limestone Cretan sculpture called the Lady of Auxerre, at the Louvre is a Greek goddess of c. 650–625 BC.
It is a Kore ("maiden") whose her right hand touches her solar plexus and her left is stiffly at her side (Basel 2001).
Maxime Collignon, a Louvre curator, found the sculpture in a storage vault in the Museum of Auxerre, a city east of Paris, in 1907.
No-one knows how it got there, according to the Louvre monograph.
This archaic sculpture has traces of coloured paint.
It dates from the 7th century BC, when Greece was emerging from its Dark Age.
The Lady of Auxerre still has the narrow waist of a Minoan–Mycenaean goddess, and her stiff hair suggests Egyptian influence.
The Classical period saw better Greek sculpture.
There was a big improvement in producing realistic human forms.
Poses became more naturalistic, notably during the beginning of the period (see the Charioteer of Delphi for an example of the transition to more naturalistic sculpture).
From about 500 BC, Greek statues began increasingly to depict real people.
The statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, set up in Athens mark the overthrow of the aristocratic tyranny, are said to be the first public monuments to show actual individuals.
Also, we begin to see references to the sculptors themselves in writings of the period.
Examples include Phidias, known to have overseen the design and building of the Parthenon, and Praxiteles, whose nude female nude sculptures were the first to be considered artistically respectable.
The Classical period also saw an increase in the use of statues and sculptures as decorations of buildings.
The temples of the Classical era included the Parthenon in Athens, and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.
They had relief sculpture for decorative friezes, and sculpture in the round to fill the triangular fields of the pediments.
Most of these works survive only in fragments, for example the Parthenon Marbles, roughly half of which are in the British Museum.
The Hellenistic period is from 323 BC to 146 BC.
A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to this period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
All these statues show classical themes, but their treatment is far more sensuous and emotional than the Classical period would have allowed.
Hellenistic sculpture was also marked by an increase in size, which culminated in the Colossus of Rhodes (late 3rd century), thought to have been roughly the same size as the Statue of Liberty.
The combined effect of earthquakes and looting have destroyed this.
Almost all forms of Greek and Roman art were coloured in the original.
Most Greek sculptures were painted in strong and bright colours.
The clothing and hair were painted, with the skin left in the natural colour of the stone.
Some sculptures were entirely painted.
The polychromy of stone statues was paralleled by the use of different materials to distinguish skin, clothing and other details, and by the use of different metals for lips, fingernails, etc.
on high-quality bronzes like the Riace bronzes.
A slot machine (American English), called also fruit machine (British English), the slots (Canadian English), poker machine or "pokies" (slang) (Australian English and New Zealand English) or simply slot (American English), is a casino gambling machine with set of numbers or pictures that after putting money in it and pressing button will randomly spin.
The game is popular in casinos as it is easy and hassle free way to gamble money.
Display of a slot machine have a reels, which have symbols and when player go to play, build in random number generator generates result in different symbols.
If same numbers or pictures will line up - player will win his bet or multiplier of it.
Slot machines include a currency detector that detects if coins and notes are real ones and what values they have.
The machine pays the winning or issue a coupon that will entitle to collecting reward in cash or prizes.
In some countries where money gambling in casinos is illegal the slot machines can issue free prizes, coupons or vouchers.
Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and are responsible for about 70 percent of the US casino's income.
The first slot machine was invented by Charles Fey of San Francisco, California, U.S in 1894.
The following year Fey built the 4-11-44 in his basement; it proved so successful at a local saloon that he soon quit his job and opened a factory to produce more units.
In 1898 Fey built the Card Bell, the first three-reel slot machine with automatic cash payouts.
The Card Bell had a handle that set the reels in motion when it was pushed down and playing card suitmarks that lined up to form poker hands.
His next slot machine, the Liberty Bell, was built in 1899 and used horseshoes and bells as well as playing card suitmarks on the reels.
Three bells lined up in a row meant the top payout.
Chiefly because of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, only 4 of more than 100 Liberty Bell machines built by Fey survive.
The Liberty Bell proved immensely popular among saloon patrons in San Francisco and was quickly copied by Fey’s competitors, such as the Mills Novelty Company of Chicago.
Progressive Jackpot Slots
Multiple Pay-Line
Multiplier Slots
Bonus Multiplier Slots
Freemium is a business model, and a marketing term, used for digital products.
It means that the base features of a product can be used without payment, but that more advanced features require payment.