the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
He also directed films like The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien.
Joanna Angel, born as Joanna Mostov, (born December 25, 1980) is an American alternative pornographic and mainstream actress, director, writer of adult movies, and former stripper.
Angel was born in Brooklyn, New York to an Orthodox Jewish family.
She was raised in River Edge, New Jersey, and studied at Rutgers University.
She became famous for creating an adult dating website called BurningAngel.
Following the success of Burning Angel, Angel has been featured in numerous magazines and newspapers, including The New York Times.
She has appeared in over 150 adult movies and has directed over 50 adult movies.
Angel dated fellow porn star James Deen for six years.
On December 2, 2015, Angel appeared on The Jason Ellis Show to give more details about her "violent and scary" six-year relationship with Deen.
Angel is a Democrat.
In 2015, she endorsed Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the upcoming 2016 U.S. presidential election.
"I’m a Porn Star, and I Believe in God"
"Sociology Of Sexuality lecture at UC Irvine"
Lasse Erik Pöysti (24 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a Finnish actor, director, theatre manager and writer.
He has acted both in Finnish and Swedish language.
Pöysti began his career as a child actor.
He was known for his role in the movie Suomisen Perhe (1941).
He also appeared on stage mostly on Strindberg plays Gustav III () and Erik XIV.
1999 – Lapin kullan kimallus
1995 – Vita lögner
1995 – Petri tårar
1993 – Rosenbaum (TV-series)
1993 – Macklean (TV-series)
1989 – Tjurens år
1989 – Dårfinkar och dönickar
1986 – På liv och död
1986 – Flucht in den Norden
1984 – Dirty Story
1982 – Ingenjör Andrées luftfärd
1980 – Det blir jul på Möllegården (TV-series)
1980 – Barna från Blåsjöfjället
1979 – Linus eller Tegelhusets hemlighet
1979 – Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti
1978 – The Adventures of Picasso
1969–1970 – Mumintrollet (TV-series)
1966 – Syskonbädd 1782
1964 – Bröllopsbesvär
1951 – Radio tekee murron
1942 – Suomisen Ollin tempaus
The flag of New Zealand was adopted in 1907.
It has the Union Flag of the United Kingdom in the upper left quarter, and the Southern Cross on a blue ground.
it picks up the country's position as an island in a southern ocean, and its British heritage.
There was a referendum going on to find a replacement flag in 2015.
New Zealanders voted to keep the original flag and not change it.
Tove Marika Jansson (Finland ; 9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a Finnish-born novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author.
For her contribution as a children's writer she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1966.
Jansson is best known as the author of the Moomin books for children.
The first such book, The Moomins and the Great Flood, appeared in 1945, though it was the next two books, Comet in Moominland and Finn Family Moomintroll, published in 1946 and 1948 respectively, that brought her fame.
Tove Jansson  at www.moomin.com
Tove Jansson  at Schildts
Tove Jansson and the altarpiece "Ten Virgins"
Tove Jansson at WSOY
thisisFINLAND: People – Tove Jansson: writer, painter and illustrator
The Moomin Trove Comprehensive lists of Tove Jansson's Moomin books
Tove Jansson and The Moomin Trove by Finland Travel Club
Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson (BBC) by Eleanor Yule
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), previously known as multiple organ failure (MOF), Total organ failure(TOF) or multisystem organ failure (MSOF), is when the organ function is acutely ill and the patient is required medical intervention to achieve homeostasis.
It usually involves two or more organ systems.
The condition usually results from infection, injury (accident, surgery), hypoperfusion and hypermetabolism.
The primary cause triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory response.
Sepsis is the most common cause in operative and non-operative patients.
Sepsis may result in septic shock.
Stage 1 the patient has increased volume requirements and mild respiratory alkalosis which is accompanied by oliguria, hyperglycemia and increased insulin requirements.
Stage 2 the patient is tachypneic, hypocapnic and hypoxemic; develops moderate liver dysfunction and possible hematologic abnormalities.
Stage 3 the patient develops shock with azotemia and acid-base disturbances; has significant coagulation abnormalities.
Stage 4 the patient is vasopressor dependent and oliguric or anuric; subsequently develops ischemic colitis and lactic acidosis.
Cecil Textbook of Medicine
The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
The crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) is a medium-sized bird of prey.
It is found in forested habitats across tropical Asia.
It is found in a wide range across the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Asia.
There are a number of variations and some authorities prefer to treat several of its subspecies as completely separate species.
In the past, several species including the Philippine serpent eagle (S. holospila), Andaman serpent eagle (S. elgini) and South Nicobar serpent eagle (S. klossi) were treated as subspecies of the Crested serpent eagle.
All members within the species complex have a large looking head with long feathers on the back of the head giving them a crested appearance.
The face is bare and yellow joining up with the beak.
Its powerful feet are unfeathered and heavily scaled.
They fly over the forest canopy on broad wings and their tails have wide white and black bars.
They call often with a loud, piercing and familiar three or two-note call.
This raptor sits motionless from a high perch watching for prey.
When prey is found it drops almost straight down to pounce.
They often feed on snakes, giving them their name and are placed along with the Circaetus snake-eagles in the subfamily Circaetinae.
In addition to snakes it catches reptiles as well as small mammals and birds.
It will take a dead snake whenever it finds one.
They are often seen soaring over their territory in pairs.
In Japan they are usually found very close to forest edges and wet marshlands.
Role in the ecosystem
Crested serpent eagles are apex predators and at the top of their food chain.
They are a good indicator of the health of the ecosystem they occupy.
They control snake populations and also those of other small mammals and reptiles.
They are a common sight in places such as India.
The species is not globally threatened.
On most lists they are of least concern.
Nimr Baqr al-Nimr (‎; 1959 – 2 January 2016), better known as Sheikh Nimr, was a Saudi Shia Sheikh and human rights activist.
He was a Sheikh from around 2008 until his death.
He was one of the best known Shia clerics in Saudi Arabia.
In July 2012, he was arrested by Saudi police and shot in the leg.
He was put on trial for terrorism charges and sentenced to death in October 2014.
Al-Nimr was born in Al-Awamiyah, Qatif.
He studied for about ten years in Tehran, Iran and also studied in Syria.
Al-Nimr was among the prisoners killed by beheading in a mass execution on 2 January 2016.
The scale insects are small bugs of the order Hemiptera.
They are the superfamily Coccoidea.
There are about 8,000 described species of scale insects.
They are ectoparasites of plants, like most bugs.
They sit on the outside of plants, stick their mouthparts inside, and suck up the plant sap.
Adult female scales usually do not move: they are permanently attached to the plant they have parasitized.
They secrete a waxy coating for defence.
The coating makes them look like  fish scales, hence their common name.
Males and females are quite different form each other.
Female scale insects keep their juvenile shape even when sexually mature (a condition known as neoteny).
Adult males usually have wings (depending on their species) but never feed, and die within a day or two.
The details of their reproductive systems vary greatly between species.
Three types of hermaphroditism are known, and at least seven forms of parthenogenesis.
Their young, known as crawlers, lose the use of their legs if they are female, and stay put for life.
Only the males keep their legs and use them in seeking females for mating.
Many scale insects are serious crop pests.
The waxy covering  protects them from contact insecticides.
However, scales may be controlled.
Horticultural oils suffocate them, and systemic pesticides poison the sap of the host plants.
Biological control agents such as tiny parasitoid wasps and Coccinellid beetles also work on them.
Peruvudaiyar Kovil is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, also called Rajarajesvaram temple  or Peruvudaiyār Kōvil temple.
It is located on the south side of Kaveri river in Thanjavur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
It is also known as Periya Kovil, RajaRajeswara Temple and Rajarajeswaram.
It is one of the largest temples in India.
Peruvudaiyaar Kovil is an example of Tamil architecture from the Chola period.
It was built by Tamil King Raja Raja Chola I and completed in 1010 AD.
The temple turned 1000 years old in 2010.
The temple is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Great Living Chola Temples", along with Brihadeeswarar Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram and Airavatesvara temple.
The temple has fortified walls that were probably added in the 16th century.
The vimanam (temple tower) is  high and is the tallest in the world.
The Kumbam (the apex or the bulbous structure on the top) of the temple is carved out of a single rock and weighs around 80 tons.
There is a big statue of Nandi (sacred bull), carved out of a single rock measuring about  long and  high at the entrance.
The entire temple structure is made out of granite.
The nearest sources of which are about 60 km to the west of temple.
The temple is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Tamil Nadu.
the temple consists of nandi mandapa, a pillared potico and an assembly hall, all interconnected.
This imposing structure was built by Raja Raja Cholan and his sister Kundavai, both ardent devotees of Lord Shiva.
It was constructed by the King at the height of the Chola reign to signify his power and strength.
Here are a few facts not known about this Chola temple of Thanjavur:
a) The original name of the deity was Rajarajeshwar.
It was the Marathas who gave it the name Brihadeeshwara or the Great Ishwara.
b) The main temple is entirely built of granite.
More than 130,000 tons of granite is said to have been used to build it.
c) A long associated myth with this temple temple is that the shadow of the main structure does not fall on the ground.
However, this has been proven wrong by scientists.
e) The main Vimanam, which is at about 200 feet is often called Dakshin Meru or Southern Meru.
g) The temple has a portrait of Raja Raja Cholan paying obeisance to Lord Natarajar.
This is undoubtedly, the first ever instance of a royal portrait.
h) Inscriptions in the temple point towards Kunjara Mallan Raja Raja Perunthachan as the chief architect of the temple.
His successors survive to this day and practice the art of Vastu or Vastu Shastra.
i) Depictions of nartakis or dancers showing eighty one of hundred and eight karanas (synchronised movements of hands and feet) in Bharata Natyam are carved here.
These karanas are a part of karanas mentioned in the Natya Shastra of Bharata Muni or Sage Bharata.
There is also evidence that the temple was a platform for talented dancers to showcase their talent.
These depictions are first of their kind.
j) The inscriptions also mention the different kinds of jewels used in the period.
Each of these jewels are mentioned in detail.
A total of twenty three different types of pearls, eleven varieties of diamonds and rubies are mentioned in these inscriptions.
k)The earliest design plan of the temple date back to 921 AD indicating this took multiple generations to complete.
What astounds historians is that there was not a single granite quarry in about 100 km radius of the temple.
This means that transporting these stones would have been a herculean task.
But Raja Raja Cholan insisted on the use of these stones.
All of these features make this Chola temple of Tanjore, a magnum opus of the Chola reign.
Brihadeeswarar temple is one of the few temples that have Ashta-dikpaalakas (Guardians of the directions) idols.
Chola frescoes adorn the wall of the temple and these frescoes depict Shiva in different poses.
Brihadeeswarar temple is the first complete granite temple in the world.
Around 60,000 tons of granite is said to be used to build the temple.
Tamil is a language that has totally 247 Tamil letters which are assorted as
The height of Gopuram is 216 feet = The number of letters in Uyir Mei Ezhuthu(216)
The height of Lord Shiva in the form of Lingam* inside the temple is 12 feet = The number of letters in Uyir Ezhuthu(12)
The height of Sivalinga peedam** is 18 feet = The number of letters in Mei Ezhuthu (18)
The distance between the Sivalingam and the Nandhi is 247 feet = The total number of Tamil letters present that includes Ayutha Ezhuthu(247)
The lingam is often represented as resting on disc shaped platform called a linga on a peetham.
An elliptical figure placed atop a circular base called 'peedam' also called as “Peetham” in 2021 narendran also visited this temple
Brihadeeswara Temple (brihadeeswara.temple-mandir.in)
Emlyon Business School is a French business school.
It was founded in Lyon, France in 1872.
The school also has campuses in Saint-Étienne, France, in Shanghai, China,  Bhubaneshwar and Mumbai in India.
The newest campus opened in 2015 in Casablanca, Morocco.
Emlyon is well-known for its entrepreneurnship academic degrees.
Emlyon is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.
The Financial Times ranked it #14 in Europe.
Colleges and universities in the_People's Republic of China
Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama movie.
It was directed by Cameron Crowe and it was produced by Cameron Crowe and Scott Rudin.
Aloha was released on May 29, 2015.
It has a 20% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Aloha was also a box office bomb and only made $26.3 million from its $37 million budget.
The Hollywood Reporter estimated that the movies financial losses were close to $65 million by the time the movie ended its run in theatres.
The movie was criticized by Media Action Network for Asian-Americans for "whitewashing" the cast.
Director Cameron Crowe said in a response: "I have heard your words and your disappointment, and I offer you a heart-felt apology to all who felt this was an odd or misguided casting choice.
As far back as 2007, Captain Allison Ng was written to be a super-proud one quarter Hawaiian who was frustrated that, by all outward appearances, she looked nothing like one.
A half-Chinese father was meant to show the surprising mix of cultures often prevalent in Hawaii.
Extremely proud of her unlikely heritage, she feels personally compelled to over-explain every chance she gets.
The character was based on a real-life, red-headed local who did just that."
Emma Stone said that whitewashing was a problem in Hollywood and that she regretted being miscast.
Bradley Cooper as Brian Gilcrest
Emma Stone as Captain Allison Ng
Rachel McAdams as Tracy Woodside
Bill Murray as Carson Welch
John Krasinski as John "Woody" Woodside
Danny McBride as Colonel "Fingers" Lacy
Alec Baldwin as General Dixon
Bill Camp as Bob Largent
Michael Chernus as Roy
Jaeden Lieberher as Mitchell
Danielle Rose Russell as Grace
Edi Gathegi as Lieutenant Colonel Curtis
Bumpy Kanahele as himself
Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan (25 September 1924 – 2 January 2016) was an Indian communist politician.
He was the general secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 1996 until 2012.
Bardhan was born in Barisal, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Bangladesh).
His wife died in 1986.
Bardhan had a paralytic stroke in December 2015.
He died on 2 January 2016 in New Delhi, aged 91.
Thanat Khoman (also Thanad; ; ; May 9, 1914 – March 3, 2016) was a Thai former diplomat and politician.
He was Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1971, chairman of the Democrat Party from 1979 to 1982, and Deputy Prime Minister from 1980 to 1982.
Forming of ASEAN
Richard Francis "Dick" Gordon, Jr. (October 5, 1929 – November 6, 2017), (Capt, USN, Ret.),
was an American former naval officer and aviator, chemist, test pilot, and NASA astronaut.
He was one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon, as the Command Module Pilot for the Apollo 12 mission.
Official website of Dick Gordon
Gordon's official NASA biography
Astronautix biography of Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
Spacefacts biography of Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
About Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
Alan LaVern Bean (March 15, 1932 – May 26, 2018), (Capt, USN, Ret.),
was an American former naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut.
He was the fourth person to walk on the Moon.
He was selected to become an astronaut by NASA in 1963 as part of Astronaut Group 3.
He made his first flight into space aboard Apollo 12, the second manned mission to land on the Moon, at the age of thirty-seven years in November 1969.
Alan Bean Online Gallery - An authorized gallery of all his paintings
Bean's official NASA biography
Astronautix biography of Alan Bean
Spacefacts biography of Alan Bean
Bean at International Space Hall of Fame
Ocean of Storms with Alan Bean
Alan Bean at the National Aviation Hall of Fame
Bean at Encyclopedia of Science
Bean at Spaceacts
Official publisher website for Homesteading Space
Lewis Lee Millett Sr. (
December 15, 1920 – November 14, 2009) was an American military person.
He was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor during the Korean War for leading the last major American bayonet charge.
Millett was born in Mechanic Falls, Maine.
He later served in the Vietnam War as well.
He retired from the Army in 1973.
Millett died in Loma Linda, California from congestive heart failure at the age of 88.
He was buried with full military honors in Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.
Gilbert Edmund Kaplan (March 3, 1941 – January 1, 2016) was an American businessman, journalist and conductor.
He founded the magazine Institutional Investor in 1967.
He was publisher of the magazine until 1990, and editor-in-chief for two more years, although he sold it in 1984.
Interview about 2nd Symphony
A musician of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra on Kaplan's conducting
"Desperately seeking Mahler", The Economist
Gabrielle Anwar (born 4 February 1970) is an English actress.
She played Margaret Tudor on The Tudors.
She also played "The Tango Girl" in Scent of a Woman.
She later played Fiona in the television series Burn Notice.
Ian Pieris (14 March 1933 – 1 January 2016) was a Sri Lankan first-class cricketer.
He was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
He was an important figure in Sri Lankan sports.
He was a former president of Sri Lanka Cricket (1989, 1990-1991).
Pieris also had a long cricket career playing as a top-order batsman for St. Thomas' College and as a right-arm opening bowler for Singhalese Sports Club, Cambridge University and All-Ceylon.
He retired from sports activities in 2003 due to health problems.
Sri Lankan cricketers
Frances Cress Welsing (Frances Luella Cress; March 18, 1935 – January 2, 2016) was an American afrocentrist and psychiatrist.
Welsing is known for her views on white supremacy.
According to Welsing, White people are the result of genetic mutation and are the children of Africans.
She is the author of the well-known The Isis Papers (1991).
Welsing suffered a stroke on January 1, 2016.
She was placed under critical condition at a Washington, D.C.-area hospital.
Welsing died a few hours later on the morning of January 2, 2016.
Ortiz de Montellano, B. (2001) Magic Melanin: Spreading Scientific Illiteracy to Minorities.
Lohoré Steve Ulrich Gohouri (8 February 1981 – December 2015), better known as Steve Gohouri, was an Ivorian professional footballer.
He played as a defender from 1998 until his death.
He played for Paris Saint-Germain, Vaduz, BSC Young Boys, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Wigan Athletic, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Bologna.
Gohouri went missing in December 2015 in Germany.
He was found dead on 31 December 2015 in the river Rhine.
His death was announced on 2 January 2016.
Some people feel the holes are "disgusting and gross."
Others feel nauseated and itchy, have panic attacks, sweat or feel their heart pound.
It may be that some brain responses associate the holes with danger.
Roland Alpha Juno is a series of synthesizer keyboards.
They were made by the Roland Corporation from 1985 to 1986.
Two main models were released: the Alpha Juno 1 (JU-1) (1985–1986) and the Alpha Juno 2 (JU-2) (1985–1986).
A decathalon is a sporting event.
It has ten track and field events.
It consists of 4 runs, 3 jumps and 3 throws
The word decathalon comes from the Greek language.
It has two parts; δέκα (déka, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat").
Naan bread is a type of bread made with flour.
It is a flatbread that is baked in a tandoor.
Naan bread often looks like a tear drop.
It is often covered in herbs and spices such as garlic to change the taste.
Naan bread is made from basic bread ingredients like wheat flour, a leavening agent (either yeast, yogurt, baking powder, or all), salt, and butter or ghee.
It also is made with yogurt and milk.
The yogurt is what makes naan bread taste so much different than other kinds of bread.
Laundry is the washing of clothing.
Laundry is often done in a special room called a laundry room.
Some shared homes have shared laundry rooms.
Businesses that wash clothes are called laundromats or launderettes.
Laundry is done by washing with soap and water or detergent and water.
The clothing is stirred roughly in the soapy water, and then moved to be rinsed in clean water.
Washing can be done by hand or with a washing machine.
The clothing is dried in a clothes dryer or on a clothesline.
Sometimes after the clothes are dry, they are ironed or pressed.
A clothes dryer or tumble dryer is a machine that is used to remove water from clothing after it is washed.
A dryer has a rotating cylinder called a "drum' that holds clothes and lets hot air in to evaporate the water.
Then the heated air and water vapor exit through a vent.
The drum spins so that the clothing stays apart making the hot air work better.
Dryers can use electricity to both operate the machine and create heat to dry the clothes.
Others use natural gas to create the heat.
Ventless clothes dryers work differently since they cannot vent the hot air.
The two types of ventless dryers are condensation dryers and heat pump dryers.
Condensation dryers heat the air the same as a regular dryer, but use a heat exchanger.
The air is cooled and the water goes down a drain.
A heat pump dryer works similarly but passes the air a heat pump.
The water either goes down the drain or into a collection tank.
A storyboard is a way of planning animated films, movies, or television shows.
A storyboard shows examples of what the artist wants to make before they are animated.
It also lets artists organize their stories before they start to make the animation.
Storyboarding, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions.
It was first used in the 1928 animated short film, Plane Crazy."
The 1939 movie Gone with the Wind was the first to be completely storyboarded.
Storyboard from the Movie Gone With the Wind
Storyboards from Ten Popular Films
Margaret Tudor (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was the wife of James IV of Scotland.
She was Queen Consort of Scotland from 1503 until James IV died in 1513.
After that, she was regent for their son James V. Margaret and James IV were grandparents of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Margaret was born at Westminster Palace.
She was the oldest surviving daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York.
In 1514, Margaret married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus.
Margaret and Douglas were grandparents of Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Margaret's great-grandson, King James VI of Scotland, became the king of England and Ireland after Elizabeth I of England died in 1603.
Margaret Tudor Gallery
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/MargaretTudor(QueenScotland).htm
The Byzantine calendar was a calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church from the year 691 A.D. to 1728.
It was also used by the Byzantine empire from 988 A.D. to 1453, when the empire fell, and by Russia from 988 A.D. to 1700.
The Byzantine calendar is like the Julian calendar, but the year starts on 1 September instead of 1 January.
Year one of the Byzantine calendar is from 1 September, 5509 B.C. to 31 August, 5508 B.C.
The Great Schism, dated to 1054, created two religions from what was formerly one.
At that time the Roman Catholic church used the Julian calendar.
In 1453 the Byzantine Empire collapsed ending the use of their calendar.
But others still used it, notably Russia.
Numbering differences began to appear when the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
Other differences
The Roman calendar did not include dates for Old Testament prophets.
The Byzantine calendar does.
Peter the great became tsar of Russia in 1682.
At the time the Russians used a form of the Julian calendar with Byzantine influence.
The calendar year started on 1 September and not 1 January.
The years were numbered from the date given as earth's creation and not from the birth of Christ.
Peter changed the calendar to start on January 1 and numbered the years from Christ's birth.
But he continued basing the calendar on the Julian system instead of the Gregorian calendar.
By the early 1800s the Russian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar used by western Europe.
So dating something between the two systems became a problem.
Dating notations such as 1 March O.S. (meaning Old Style, Julian or Russian) were used.
Another example is 16 May 1582 N.S. (New Style or Gregorian calendar).
Other notations included both: 25 October/6 November 1917, trying to show how the same day appeared in different calendars.
The loopback address is a computing term that is a special IP address of a computer's ethernet network.
It is used to allow software on a computer to send information to the same computer using the TCP/IP stack.
The special IP address is known as 127.0.0.1 (IPv4) or 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (::1, IPv6).
Hair dryer - a tool to dry hair
Clothes dryer - a tool to dry clothes
A file allocation table (FAT) is a way that computers look up stored data on a storage device.
These include floppy disks, USB flash drives, SD cards and other high capacity storage devices.
A FAT is a list of clusters that show where a computer file is stored.
These clusters are not necessarily right next to each other but can be scattered over the disk or storage medium.
The FAT is always located in the first few clusters of a storage device.
There are always two identical copies, one being a backup of the other.
The FAT file system is a legacy file system that is both simple and robust.
It works well even in lightweight uses.
But it cannot deliver the same speed, reliability and scalability as some modern file systems.
It is, however, supported for compatibility reasons by nearly all currently developed operating systems for personal computers.
It is also supported by many mobile devices and embedded systems.
That makes it a well suited format for data exchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from 1981 up to the present.
It was originally designed in 1977 for use on floppy disks.
FAT was soon adapted and used almost universally on hard disks throughout the DOS and Windows 9x eras for two decades.
As disk drives improved, the capabilities of the file system have been extended accordingly.
This has resulted in three major file system variants: FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32.
The FAT standard has also been expanded in other ways while generally preserving backward compatibility with existing software.
FAT file systems are still commonly found on floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards.
DCF uses FAT as the standard file system for digital cameras.
FAT is also utilized in the boot stage of EFI-compliant computers.
File Allocation Table; YouTube
FAT File Systems, Microsoft
A cheque (or check) is a paper used to give money from one person or business to another person or business.
To the person getting the cheque, it is a paper that allows them to go to a bank and get money.
To the person writing the cheque, it is a promise to pay the bank that is giving the money to the person who turned the cheque in.
Cheques must be written to a person or business.
A cheque that is not written to anyone can be very bad because if it is lost, anyone who finds it can get the money.
A cheque that is written to a person but does not have the amount of money written is a blank cheque.
Cheques have been used since over a thousand years ago.
However, they became popular in the 20th century for paying money without using cash.
Parts of a cheque
Drawer, the person who makes the cheque
Payee, the person who gets the money
Drawee, the bank that pays the money for the cheque
Amount, the amount that has to be paid
When more people started to use cheques, more things were added to make them more secure and easy to track.
They started to require the drawer's signature to be confirmed.
The signature on a cheque is the main way to tell if a cheque is real.
Cheques also started to need the amount written in words and numbers.
This made it harder to make mistakes and harder to change the cheque after it was already written.
Issue dates have also been added to cheques.
A cheque is invalid if a long time has passed since the issue date.
A cheque with an issue date in the past is called an antedated cheque.
A cheque with an issue date in the future is called a post-dated cheque.
Usually, a person cannot get money from a post-dated cheque until after the issue date has passed.
Cheque numbers are also used often.
Every cheque has a different cheque number.
This is to make sure people can't get money twice from one cheque.
Jean-Michel Delpech (26 January 1946 – 2 January 2016), better known as Michel Delpech, was a French singer-songwriter and actor.
He released thirteen albums and over 50 singles.
He appeared in the movie The Beloved (2011).
Delph was born in Courbevoie, Hauts-de-Seine.
He was married to Chantal Simon until their divorce in 1976.
He later married Geneviève Garnier-Fabre in 1985.
Delph died from throat cancer on 2 January 2016 in Puteaux.
Gisela Raquel Mota Ocampo (13 March 1982 – 2 January 2016) was a Mexican politician.
She was a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
She was the mayor of Temixco from 1 January 2016 until her death the next day.
She was born in Morelos, Temixco.
City of Bones is the first novel of Cassandra Clare.
It was first published March 27, 2007 in United States by Simon & Schuester, who publishes her other works as well.
This is the first book of her main series The Mortal Instruments.
Cassandra Clare was a fanfiction author, publishing her Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings stories online.
One day, in 2004, a friend of hers took her to a tattoo shop, where she saw those footprints in the ceiling, and after that, she started developing the story of  race of warriors, called Shadowhunters, who were burdened with the job to protect humans from demons.
After some rejections, in 2007 Cassandra could get her book to be published by the name of City of Bones, by Simon & Schuester, in the US.
Her books have been published and have been bestsellers throughout the years.
In UK, her publisher is Walker Books.
Marcel Christian Barbeau  (February 18, 1925 – January 2, 2016) was a Canadian artist.
His best known works are Fenêtre sur l'avenir and Fenêtre sur l'avenir, both in Montreal.
Barbeau was born in Montreal, Quebec.
He studied with Paul-Émile Borduas.
In 1995, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Barbeau died on January 2, 2016 at the age of 90.
The Esperanto alphabet is the alphabet which is used to write the Esperanto language.
It has 28 (twenty-eight) letters.
The Esperanto alphabet is based on the Roman alphabet (which the English alphabet is also based on).
Unlike the English alphabet, it does not have the letters q, w, x or y, but it has 6 (six) letters that use a diacritic (a special mark above a letter): ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ and ŭ.
Alternative writings
L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, proposed the so-called h-system (h-sistemo in Esperanto).
Instead of diacritics, the letter h is added, with the only exception being ŭ.
For example, ĝ becomes gh, ĥ becomes hh and ŭ becomes u. Words which appear to have a diacritic but do not actually can be "broken" with a hyphen or an apostrophe.
For example, flughaveno (airport) becomes flug-haveno or flug'haveno.
Another system used to replace diacritics is the x-system (x-sistemo in Esperanto).
The letter x is not used in the Esperanto alphabet, but it can be used to write diacritics.
The x-system, unlike the h-system, does not treat ŭ differently from the other letters.
For example, ĝ becomes gx, ĥ becomes hx and ŭ becomes ux.
flughaveno remains the same, as there is no ambiguity.
Unicode and HTML
Some people say that use of the diacritics (the letters ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ) makes the language less natural than it would be using only the basic letters of Latin alphabet.
The letters ĉ, ĝ,  ĥ, ĵ  are not used in any other language in the world.
Several people consider using the Latin alphabet not to be neutral.
In fact, many native languages on each continent (except for Antarctica) use the Latin alphabet to write: for example, German (Europe), Swahili (Africa), Vietnamese (Asia), Tahitian (Oceania), Cree (North America) and Apalaí (South America).
Bradycardia (also called bradyarrhythmia) is a slow heart rate.
In adults, bradycardia is defined as a heart rate that is under 60 beats per minute (bpm) while the person is resting.
Bradycardia is a type of cardiac arrhythmia.
There are many types of bradycardia.
Some are caused by problems with the heart.
Bradycardia can also be caused by medicines, drugs, and many other things.
The symptoms of bradycardia depend on how slow the heart rate is and what kind of problem the heart is having.
For most people, bradycardia is not a serious problem.
But it can become a serious problem if it signals a major problem with the heart.
Also, if bradycardia gets very bad, the heart will be unable to pump enough blood and oxygen to the body.
If bradycardia is bad enough, it can cause organ damage, brain damage, and death.
Problems with the heart's electrical system.
There are two atria (upper chambers) in the heart: the right atrium and the left atrium.
For the heart to beat normally, special parts of the right atrium have to send electricity through the heart to make it squeeze out blood.
The electricity has to start in a certain place and pass through a certain route in the heart.
If this does not happen correctly, the heart will not beat correctly.
Medications, like beta blockers
Depressant medications or drugs
Matthew Edward "Matt" Hobden (27 March 1993 – 2 January 2016) was an English cricketer.
He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast-medium bowler.
He played for Cardiff MCCU (2012–2013) and Sussex (2013–2016).
Hobden was born in Eastbourne, East Sussex.
He was educated at Millfield School and Eastbourne College.
Hobden died after accidentally falling on 2 January 2016 in Forres, Scotland.
Matt Hobden at ESPNcricinfo
Matt Hobden at CricketArchive
Shigeji Kaneko (, 13 August 1931 – 2 January 2016) was a Japanese featherweight boxer during the 1950s.
He fought Gabriel "Flash" Elorde four times, winning them all.
He was also a boxing promoter from the 1980s until the early 2000s.
He was born in Tsubame, Niigata.
Shigeji died from progressive supranuclear palsy on 2 January 2016 in Tokyo.
Shigeji Kaneko at BoxRec
In mathematics, precision describes the level of exactness in a number's digits, such as number 54.6 having precision 1 (one decimal digit).
A number with end zeroes ("00") has a negative precision, such as 500 having precision -2, or 4,000 as precision -3.
A whole number (not ending in "0") has precision 0.
The Acid2 test is a test of web browsers to see if they can show parts of the internet correctly.
It uses CSS and HTML to put things in the right places.
It uses the PNG format for the images it uses in the test.
A company's web browser that works with the Acid2 test is able to show most of the internet correctly and is a modern web browser.
Folding@Home is a distributed computing project that helps doctors at Stanford University learn about and cure diseases.
When parts of the human body do not work right, they make people sick.
Folding@Home looks at the parts called proteins.
When these proteins do not work right, they can make people sick with things like Alzheimer's, Mad Cow disease, and many types of cancer.
The project uses the idle processing resources of thousands of personal computers owned by volunteers who have installed the software on their systems.
Instead of using an expensive supercomputer many user's computers can do the same work.
The software was first available for the Sony PlayStation 3.
It can also run in a Google Chrome window.
It is now available for a wide variety of Android mobile devices.
Qualia is a term philosophers use for bits of perception or subjective, conscious experience.
It is in the field called the philosophy of psychology, or philosophy of mind.
Examples of qualia include the pain of a headache, the taste of wine, or the perceived redness of an evening sky.
It is a separate bit of experience, different from thinking about propositions or stream of consciousness thought.
Daniel Dennett (b. 1942), American philosopher and cognitive scientist, says qualia is "an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us".
Stream of consciousness refers to the flow of thoughts in the conscious mind.
It was a term used by the American psychologist and philosopher William James in 1890.
James said:
"Consciousness, then, [is not] chopped up in bits.
Such words as 'chain' or 'train' do not describe it fitly as it presents itself in the first instance.
It is nothing jointed; it flows.
A 'river' or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described". (
James, p239)
The idea (but not the term) had been noted before James, by the philosopher William Hamilton in his lectures of 1838/9.
He described thought as "a series of acts all... connected".
Oscar Isaac (born Óscar Isaac Hernández Estrada; March 9, 1979) is a Guatemalan American actor and musician.
He is known for his lead film roles in the comedy-drama Inside Llewyn Davis (2013), for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination, the crime drama A Most Violent Year (2014) and the science fiction thriller Ex Machina (2015).
He had a role in the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
He has also recorded music in Guatemala.
He won a Golden Globe Award in 2016.
New Japan Pro Wrestling (1989-1995)
Visto (1996)
Mincho (1997)
Guatemalan people
Jeannie Camtu Mai (born January 4, 1979) is an American television personality.
She is a known fashion expert for the television series How Do I Look?.
She has been a presenter for the Miss Universe pageant as well.
Alexandra "Kissie" Nilsson (born Alexandra Barbara Nilsson, 18 April 1991) is a Swedish blogger and television personality.
She has two siblings, who are younger than her.
She started her blog in January 2007.
In 2011, she had the most visited blog in Sweden with about 170,000 visitors.
She also has a Youtube channel called Alexandra "Kissie" Nilsson.
It has very many subscribers.
In late summer of 2010, Kissie tried to start a career in music by recording a song, called "Success".
It was released a month later.
However, the song didn't get very much attention, and most of her readers didn't buy the song.
That caused the website that sold "Success" to shut down two weeks after it's publicity.
In autumn 2010, Kissie and her friend were traveling to a Swedish city called Västerås, where they were going to host DJ at a nightclub.
She said on her blog that she would meet her readers at the train station, but when she got there, she was attacked by some readers who threw some eggs and flour at her.
Swedish television personalities
Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich (born 31 May 1948 in Ukraine) is a Belarusian investigative journalist and non-fiction writer who writes in the Russian language.
She won a Nobel Prize in Literature in 2015.
The Honda CR-V is a compact SUV, manufactured since 1997 by Honda.
It was loosely based on the Honda Civic.
It debuted in Japan in 1996.
In 1997 the five-passenger compact utility vehicle was introduced in North America.
At first it was available only as a four-wheel drive model.
It was powered by a 126-horsepower 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine.
Honda first began producing the CR-V in Sayama, Japan, and Swindon, UK, for worldwide markets.
It added North American manufacturing sites in East Liberty, Ohio, in 2007; El Salto, Jalisco, Mexico, in late 2007; and Alliston, Ontario, Canada, in 2012.
The CR-V also is produced in Wuhan (Hubei province) for the Chinese market by the Dongfeng Honda Automobile Company.
They are a joint venture with Dongfeng Motor Corporation.
The CR-V is Honda's second smallest utility vehicle, slotting between the smaller HR-V and the larger Pilot.
In 2015 the CR-V was named Motor Trend SUV of the year.
A piña colada is a special kind of mixed cocktail.
It is usually made of rum, coconut cream, and pineapple juice.
It is usually served either blended or shaken with ice.
It may be garnished with either a pineapple wedge, a maraschino cherry, or both.
Piña colada is the national drink of Puerto Rico.
There are many claims to be the first to invent the piña colada.
Bartender Ramon “Monchito” Marrero is claimed to be the inventor over fifty years ago by the Puerto Rican government.
But there are three places in Puerto Rico that claim to be the home of the Piña Colada.
There was also a version made in Cuba as early as 1922.
A griot or Jeli is a West African historian, storyteller, musician, genealogist, spokesperson, diplomat, teacher, praise-singer and more.
There is really no word in the English language that fully explains what a Griot does.
Not every griot does all these things, but these are some examples of what their function is.
Their role
A griot was a public servant, an artist, and a royal counselor.
His fate depended on the prosperity and survival of the king or queen he served.
He preserved the oral history of his tribe or people.
In the Caribbean and the Americas he was the link to their African culture and history.
The griot was the only person that could keep their past history in Africa alive.
Troubadour and poet, diplomat and diviner only begin to describe his functions.
Each clan, village, and warrior-family had a griot.
They kept track of all births, marriages, deaths, battles and other tribal histories.
Griots were also said to have the ability to see one's future.
They could memorize the history of every member of a clan or tribe going back for centuries.
Who could become a griot
The position of a griot was traditionally passed down from father to son.
A griot was born into and trained by a griot family.
For those not born into griot families, sometimes there was a master griot who taught the arts associated with the position.
Today there are state-sponsored and private schools that teach griot arts.
But they focus on the musical aspects and not the verbal skills.
Griot Tradition
What is a Griot?
Griots and Storytellers.
Ancient Africa for Kids
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a department of ICANN.
IANA is a nonprofit corporation that handles many Internet-related symbols and numbers.
IANA is in charge of allocating numbers like IP addresses used in Internet protocols.
These protocols are published in Request for Comments (RFC) documents.
IANA works with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the RFC editorial team.
Assigning IP addresses and domain names needs more administration.
IANA delegates these to smaller administrations because of the many layers involved.
IANA gives IP addresses in blocks to regional internet registries (RIRs).
Each RIR assigns addresses for a different part of the world.
All the RIRs formed the Number Resource Organization to coordinate with each other.
RIRs split their address pools into smaller chunks and give them to Internet service providers in their region.
IANA assigns addresses with a /8 prefix for IPv4.
It also assigns IPv6 addresses with /23 and /12 prefixes.
These IPv6 addresses come from the 2000::/3 IPv6 address block.
Because IPv4 addresses have run out, IANA does not assign them any more.
IANA also manages the top layer of the Domain name system (DNS).
It works with many different server operators and policy makers from ICANN.
Protocol parameters
IANA is also involved in Internet Engineering Task Force protocols, like uniform resource identifier (URI) schemes.
It also recommends character encodings to use on the Internet.
IANA has to listen to the Internet Architecture Board when doing this.
Time zone database
IANA also has a database containing time zone differences and rules.
Computers everywhere use the information in this database to keep time correctly.
IANA has been responsible for the database since October 16, 2011.
The original FTP server holding the database was shutdown because of the Astrolabe, Inc. v. Olson et al.
court decision.
A roommate is a person who shares a room, apartment (British flat) or house with others.
A housemate (mainly British) is someone who shares a house with others.
For students living on a university campus, having at least one roommate is a traditional arrangement.
Most college and university dormitories are designed for two roommates.
There is a new trend among college students to request a room to themselves.
Many colleges and universities are very willing to give what is called a 'super single' to one student who wants privacy.
The reason many get one or more roommates is to save money.
As rents keep increasing, they are sometimes going up faster than wages in an area.
Antonio Bernocchi - Italian businessman
Nicola Bernocchi - entrepreneur, philanthropist and financier Italian
Luminator Bernocchi, the first prototype of Italian industrial design objects
Cotonificio Bernocchi - Italian clothing company
Coppa Bernocchi  - cycling road race Men Online
Casal Bernocchi - fraction of Roma Capitale
Via Bernocchi - Road Legnano (Varese)
Via Bernocchi - Rome
Synthetic cannabis (synthetic marijuana) is a type of designer drug made from chemicals sprayed onto herbs.
Synthetic cannabis is often called K2, Spice, or fake weed.
"Synthetic" means "man-made"; Cannabis is the plant that marijuana is made from.
Synthetic cannabis is not really man-made marijuana.
It has no marijuana, and no chemicals from the Cannabis plant, in it.
Instead, it is sprayed with man-made chemicals called cannabinoids.
In the brain, they act like the chemicals in real marijuana (like THC).
Because of this, they can make a person feel "high" the same way real marijuana can.
Medical research has shown that synthetic cannabis is much more dangerous than regular marijuana.
For example, one research study found that people who used synthetic cannabis were 30 times more likely to get emergency medical treatment than people who used regular marijuana.
Synthetic cannabinoids can also cause much more serious symptoms and health problems than regular marijuana.
These problems can include:
Cardiac arrhythmias
Kidney damage
Psychosis (in some users, this has lasted for weeks after they stop taking the drug; in one person it lasted seven months)
Violent behavior
Professor John W. Huffman, who first created many of the chemicals used in synthetic cannabis, has said: "People who use it are idiots.
You don't know what it's going to do to you."
Synthetic cannabis has had a complicated legal history.
Its makers have used many different strategies to keep their products from being illegal.
For example, synthetic cannabis is often sold in packages that call it "herbal incense."
Most of the packages also have a warning label that says "Not for human consumption" (not for humans to put into their bodies).
By doing these things, companies that make synthetic cannabis can say that they are not selling drugs, and it is not their fault if people ignore their warning label.