the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
As of 2020, only four of the arches are left.
The only other visible part of the bridge is some masonry from pier 11.
This is attached to a private building on the Île de la Barthelasse.
Remains of other piers are buried under a thick layer of sediment on the island or at the bottom of the Rhône.
Piers 9 and 10 are both now on the Île de la Barthelasse.
They were confirmed by cores drilled at the positions historians thought.
They found masonry from the piers at a depth of  below ground level.
Just below the masonry, at a depth of around  there were wooden fragments (small pieces).
These were made of silver fir (Abies alba).
Carbon-14 dating of this material gave dates of 1238–1301 AD for pier 9 and 1213–1280 AD for pier 10 (the range is for 2σ).
The arches are segmental rather than the semi-circular shape usually used in Roman bridges.
Of the 4 arches that still exist, the largest span is .
This is between the third and fourth piers.
The piers have cutwaters.
These are pointed both upstream and downstream.
These mean there is less scour around the piers.
This is one of the main problems for the stability of stone bridges.
The piers were built with holes in the stone.
This was to help lessen pressure from the flow of water when the river was in flood.
After the collapse of the Saint-Bénézet bridge, people crossed the Rhône at Avignon by ferry.
This happened until the beginning of the 19th century.
Between 1806 and 1818 a wooden bridge was built across the river.
The new bridge was a few hundred metres south of the old bridge at the .
A suspension bridge replaced the section across the Avignon branch of the Rhône in 1843.
This was demolished in 1960 with the opening of the Edouard Daladier bridge.
The section of the wooden bridge across the Villeneuve branch of the Rhône was not replaced until 1909.
The replacement stone bridge, the Nouveau Pont, was damaged by bombing in 1944.
It was repaired after the war but was replaced by the Pont du Royaume in 1972.
Saint Bénézet legend
Saint Bénézet inspired the building of the bridge.
He was a shepherd boy from the hamlet of Villard in the Ardèche.
According to tradition, he heard the voice of Jesus Christ while he was looking after his sheep.
Jesus asked him to build a bridge across the river.
Although he was ridiculed at first, he "proved" his divine inspiration by miraculously lifting a very large block of stone.
He won support for his project and formed a Bridge Brotherhood to help with building the bridge.
After his death, he was interred on the bridge itself.
This was in a small chapel standing on one of the bridge's surviving piers on the Avignon side.
Saint Nicholas Chapel
The Saint Nicholas Chapel sits on a platform on the upstream side of the second pier (between the second and third arches).
The bridge chapel has been restored and built again a few times.
It now has two floors.
Each floor has a nave and an apse.
The upper floor is at the same level as the platform of the bridge.
It makes the width of the walkway smaller.
In this place, the walkway is only .
There is a set of steps to get to the lower floor from the bridge.
The outside of the chapel shows marks of the rebuilding work.
For example, there are blocked windows on the south-eastern wall.
The nave is covered with stone roof tiles.
These tiles rest on a series of corbels.
The polygonal apse has a flat roof.
It sits above the cutwater of the pier.
The lower chapel's apse is decorated with five arches.
It is from the second half of the 12th century.
At a later date, maybe as early as the 13th century, there was a floor supported by a ribbed quadripartite vault inserted into the structure.
The simple rectangular upper chapel was consecrated in 1411.
A side door was created in the lower chapel.
This is because the stonework of the raised bridge blocked the original entrance.
In 1513 a pentagonal apse with gothic columns was added to the upper chapel.
In 1670, after the bridge was abandoned, the relics of Saint Bénézet were transferred to the Hôpital du Pont (also called the Hôpital St Bénézet).
This is within the city walls next to the gatehouse.
The bridge was also the site of devotion by the Rhône boatmen.
This is because their patron saint was Saint Nicholas.
They initially worshipped in the Saint Nicholas Chapel on the bridge itself (where Saint Bénézet's body was also interred).
However, the bad condition of the bridge made it difficult to go there.
In 1715 the confraternity of boatmen built a chapel on dry land on the Avignon side of the bridge.
This was outside the ramparts next to the gatehouse.
This chapel was destroyed by a major flood of the Rhône in 1856.
A house for a caretaker was built on the ruins during the restoration work.
This started around 1878.
The residence was demolished after the restoration work on the bridge and gatehouse in the 1980s.
Gatehouses
The bridge had great strategic importance.
When it was built, it was the only fixed river crossing between Lyon and the Mediterranean Sea.
It was also the only river crossing between the Comtat Venaissin (an enclave controlled by the Pope) and France controlled by the kings of France.
As such, it was closely guarded on both sides of the river.
The right bank was controlled by the French crown.
The fortress of the Tour Philippe-le-Bel was close enough to see the bridge.
This was built at the beginning of the 14th century.
On the Avignon side, a large gatehouse was built in the 14th century.
It was changed a lot in the 15th century.
The walkway passed over the city wall and down a ramp (now destroyed).
This led into the city.
Between 1265 and 1309 another stone bridge was built across the Rhône, .
This was upstream from Avignon, at what is now Pont-Saint-Esprit.
At the time, it was called Saint-Saturnin-du-Port.
The Pont-Saint-Esprit bridge originally had 20 arches.
Although it is now changed, the medieval bridge still exists as of 2020.
The Chapel of Saint Nicholas and the four remaining arches were listed as a Monument historique in 1840.
Roman bridge hypothesis
There has been a debate on whether there was a bridge before the Saint Bénézet bridge was built in the 12th century.
Henri Revoil first said there may have been an older bridge.
He said this at the French Archaeological Conference held in Avignon in 1882.
His main argument was that the stonework at the base of the four surviving piers became visible.
At very low water, stone blocks were visible.
They were larger than those above.
They had features that looked foreign to the existing bridge.
The style of the masonry indicated to Revoil that there had been an earlier bridge dating from either the late Roman or Carolingian periods.
In 1892 Louis Rochetin published an article.
It said that the stone blocks at the base of the first pier and those on either side of the second pier supporting the chapel were the remains of springers that would have supported earlier Roman arches.
Denis-Marcel Marié self-published a book about the bridge in 1953.
It looked at all the previous publications.
In the last chapter it supported the hypothesis that there was an earlier bridge built by the Gallo-Romans around the end of the Roman occupation.
He said that the bases of the piers that were still there belonged to this earlier bridge.
He also said that the semi-circular arches used during the Roman period meant that the level of the roadway would have been higher than the top of the surviving chapel.
Marié supposed that this early bridge had collapsed over the following seven centuries.
He said that the 12th century Bénézet bridge had a decking supported on wooden piles linking the ruined Roman piers.
The piles were needed because the gaps between the Roman stone piers would have been too large to span with wooden beams without the support in between.
The height of the Bénézet bridge would have been at the level of the lower chapel.
Perrot et al.
published an article in 1971 about a Roman bridge too.
The article talked about a survey in 1969 on the vestiges of the piers in the Villeneuve branch of the river the Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR) destroyed them.
The article also had long quotes from an unpublished report by Mr Mathian, an engineer working for the CNR.
This was about a survey carried out in 1965 on the four intact piers on the Avignon side of the river.
This survey found a layer of wood, at least 20 cm in thickness.
This was under the foundations of each of the four intact piers.
A sample of the wood was dated by the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS).
They used the radiocarbon technique.
It was from between 290 and 530 AD, corresponding to the end of the Roman Empire.
In the survey of the ruined piers in the Villeneuve channel, a pier (listed as number 14) was found to contain wooden beams inside the masonry.
A sample of this wood was radiodated to 890 AD.
During the dredging of the Villeneuve channel the remains of three large wooden piles were recovered.
Two of these were still covered with iron tips.
The archaeologist Dominique Carru, accepted the radiocarbon date for the sample of wood.
However, he argued in 1999 that it is very unlikely that an earlier bridge existed.
It is not mentioned in the surviving texts from the high medieval period .
Also, a bridge would have led to the development of a town on the right bank of the Rhône opposite Avignon, similar to those at other locations in the Rhône valley, such as Trinquetaille opposite Arles and Saint-Romain-en-Gal near Vienne.
There is no evidence for an important early settlement near the terminus of the bridge.
The main east-west route in the Roman period passed through Tarascon-Beaucaire,  to the south.
It avoided the river at Avignon which was wide and variable in position.
The song "Sur le Pont d'Avignon"
The bridge has became famous with the song "Sur le Pont d'Avignon" ("On the Bridge of Avignon").
An earlier song with the same title was popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Ottaviano Petrucci published the melody in his Harmonice Musices Odhecaton of 1503-4.
The 16th-century composer Pierre Certon used the melody in a mass with the title: "Sus le Pont d'Avignon".
The modern version of the song dates from the mid-19th century.
Adolphe Adam included it in the opéra comique Le Sourd ou l'Auberge pleine.
This was first played in Paris in 1853.
The opera was an adaptation of the 1790 comedy by Desforges.
List of medieval bridges in France
Pictorial record
No further volumes were published.
The link provides the text of chapters 1, 7, 10-12.
Romanes.com : Map and pictures of the bridge
The Belfries of Belgium and France are a group of 56 historical buildings.
They are part of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe.
It shows a design change from feudal and religious influence in historic Flanders and its neighboring regions of the Duchy of Burgundy.
UNESCO included 32 towers of Belfries of Flanders and Wallonia in 1999.
In 2005, the bell tower of Gembloux in the Walloon Region of Belgium and 23 others from the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy regions were added to the renamed list.
Brussels Town Hall and its bell tower were not included since was already part of the Grand Place World Heritage Site.
Additional six church towers were also added since they served as watchtowers or alarm bell towers.
These include Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp, St. Rumbolds Cathedral in Mechelen, St. Peter's Church, Leuven, St. Germanus Church in Tienen, the Basilica of Our Lady in Tongeren and St. Leonard's Church in Zoutleeuw.
Most of the buildings in the list are towers from bigger buildings.
A few of them are restoration of towers previously connected to nearby bigger buildings.
<div style="margin-top:1.3em;">
Nord-Pas de Calais
Brief description of the ensemble ID 943/943bis, UNESCO Website
Detailed argumentation for list ID 943/943bis, UNESCO Website
The complete list ID 943/943bis, UNESCO Website (monuments ordered by UNESCO ID, which precedes the corresponding monument in this Wikipedia article's main list)
Articles on the phenomenon of the belfries from the Flemish Department of Monuments and Landscapes
The Belgian belfries on the UNESCO list ID 943 (without Gembloux) with photographs  and slideshows – from the Flemish Department of Monuments and Landscapes
The French belfries on the UNESCO list ID 943bis with photographs  and descriptions; and a general article
The French belfries on the UNESCO list ID 943bis with thumbnails, photographs and descriptions
Missaukee County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 14,849 people live here.
The Fireball is a 1950 American drama movie directed by Tay Garnett and starring Mickey Rooney, Pat O'Brien.
Soldiers Three is a 1951 American historical adventure movie directed by Tay Garnett and starring Stewart Granger, Walter Pidgeon, David Niven.
The Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër () are cities of Berat and Gjirokastër in southern Albania.
Together, they form the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Albania.
Gjirokastër was added to the list in 2005.
Berat was later added in 2008.
They are known as examples of a unique design common during the Ottoman period.
Berat is also known as the city of a thousand windows.
It is one of the most special architectural sites in Albania.
Similarities in Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans influences are still evident.
The designs are seen and well preserved in the city with castles and mansions, old churches and mosques and grand wall paintings, icons and murals.
Throughout the centuries, Berat was the place where different religions and communities co-existed in peace.
Gjirokastër, also known as the city of stone.
It stretches on the top side of the Drino River valley.
It looks over the historic landscape with beautiful stone setting edbed by mountains at every side.
Like most cities in Albania, Gjirokastër has architectural designs from many civilizations that  conquered the area.
Estaing is a commune of the Aveyron department in the southern part of France.
Roncenay is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Rosières-près-Troyes is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Rosnay-l'Hôpital is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
La Rothière is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Rouilly-Sacey is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Skwierzyna () is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland.
In 2019, 9,671 people lived there.
Burghul () is a cereal food made from wheat.
It is sometimes called bulgur.
It is very popular in Middle Eastern, North African, Armenian, Lebanese, Moroccan, and Tunisian cuisines.
It is made for couscous.
Lake Worth is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
As of 2020, there are 4,921 people living there.
Briar is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas.
As per the 2010 census, the population was 2,394.
Official website of the Town of Pantego
Montcalm County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 63,342 people live here.
1850 establishments in  the United States
A shuttle roller coaster is any roller coaster that ultimately does not make a complete circuit, but rather reverses at some point throughout its course and traverse the same track backwards.
Rendon is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas.
Ames is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
According to the 2010 census, 1,003 people lived there.
NGC 75 is a lenticular galaxy in the Pisces constellation.
It was discovered by Lewis A. Swift in 1886.
NGC 4479 is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 60 million light-years away.
It is in the Coma Berenices constellation.
Myristica is a genus of plants in the Myristicaceae family.
It has 150+ species, mostly in Southeast Asia, Australia, and the western Pacific.
The most well-known species is Myristica fragrans, which produces nutmeg and mace.
The Tian Shan is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia.
The tallest mountain is Jengish Chokusu, at  high.
The eastern part of the ranges became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.
The western part in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan became a World Heritage Site in 2016.
The ranges are along the border with China and Kyrgyzstan, and stretches towards the west.
The ancient North Silk Road used to go next to the mountain range for people to travel between East Asia and the Middle East.
They would follow the mountain range when travelling through the Taklamakan Desert.
Brazil is a 1985 science fiction movie directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam, Charles McKeown, and Tom Stoppard.
The movie stars Jonathan Pryce and features Robert De Niro, Kim Greist, Michael Palin, Katherine Helmond, Bob Hoskins, and Ian Holm.
Wide Angle Closeup: The Terry Gilliam Files – Interviews and production stories on Brazil
Brazil Screenplay, Terry Gilliam, Tom Stoppard & Charles McKeown, Daily Script website
DGA magazine interview with Gilliam
Hamel, James Keith.
Modernity and Mise-en-scene: Terry Gilliam and Brazil, from Images: Journal of Film and Popular Culture
Brazil: A Great Place to Visit, Wouldn’t Want to Live There an essay by David Sterritt at the Criterion Collection
The Jeju language (Jeju: 제주말, Jeju-mal) is a Koreanic language spoken on the South Korean island of Jeju.
It is related to Korean.
UNESCO lists Jeju as a "critically endangered" language, since most of its speakers are over the age of 70.
Younger Jejuans speak Korean instead.
As of 2010, the language is spoken by 5,000 - 10,000 people, which is less than 2% of Jeju Island's total population.
Dialect or language
Many linguists think Jeju is its own language, mostly because mainland Koreans cannot understand it.
Others think Jeju is a dialect of Korean, although a very different one.
The local government calls Jeju as a separate language, and the idea of it being a language is becoming more accepted in both Korean and foreign academia.
UNESCO listed Jeju as one of the world's languages in 2011.
Jeju-do, the island where Jeju language is spoken
Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong are a group of archaeological sites in North Korea that show the history of the Koryo Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 918 c.e.
to 1392 c.e.
All together, they were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.
Kaesong was the capital city of the Kingdom of Koryo.
The city's gates, palaces, tombs and monuments, walls, schools, tower for looking at the stars and other buildings all together make up the World Heritage Site because they show the philosophy, culture, politics and spiritual beliefs of the Koryo people.
The city's layout shows a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.
It especially shows the change from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism that happened during the Koryo Dynasty.
Walls and gates
UNESCO says three different sections of wall and a few gates in Kaesong have enough historical value to be part of the site.
The Palocham Wall was built in 896 c.e.,
just before the Koryo Dynasty.
The Outer Wall was built in 1009-1029 and connected the city to the nearby Songak, Puhung, Tokam, Jine and Ryongsu Mountains.
The wall was built to defend the city, but it also shows what people believed about the magic or spiritual power of mountains.
The Inner Wall was built in 1391-3, just as the Koryo Dynasty was ending.
Palaces and schools
Manwoldae Palace is now an archaeological site.
It was the royal palace for 500 years.
It burned down four times and the people rebuilt it over and over.
In modern times, North Korean and South Korean teams have worked at the site together to study it.
The ruins of the Kaesong Chomsongdae are also part of the site.. Comsongdae was an observatory where people studied the stars and weather.
The Koryo Songgyungwan was a school for government officials and Sungyang Sowon was a school of Confucian philosophy.
Tombs and monuments
The Heritage Site includes large mausoleums for King Wang Kon and King Kongmin.
It has two other groups of tombs as well, the Seven Tombs Cluster and Myongrung Tombs Cluster.
There are also two steles for Jong Mong Ju, called the Phyochung Monuments.
Steles are memorial pillars that may have the dead person's name written on them but do not contain his or her body.
As of 2013, two sites in North Korea have been added to the World Heritage List.
Both are cultural sites.
There are also five sites on the tentative list.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Democratic People's Republic of Korea
North Korea-related lists
The Chiappa Rhino is a revolver.
It fires bullets from the bottom of the cylinder.
This is different from most other revolvers, which fire from the top of the cylinder.
This allows the Rhino to shoot even powerful bullets, like the .357 Magnum, with little recoil.
As a result, the Rhino also has high accuracy and high rate of fire.
The Rhino is named after the rhinoceros because it looks somewhat like a rhinoceros's head.
Most models shoot the .357 Magnum (as well as the .38 Special), but there are also models that shoot the 9x19mm Parabellum or the S&W .40.
Due to its futuristic look, it is often shown in science-fiction movies like the live-action Ghost in the Shell, Terminator: Dark Fate, and the remake of Total Recall.
Bullvalene is a hydrocarbon.
It has a chemical formula of C10H10.
It is a type of molecule with no permanent structure.
Basketene
Cyclodecapentaene
Dialin
Divinylbenzene
Diisopropenyldiacetylene
Pentaprismane ([5]Prismane)
Poor Liz (original Russian: Бедная Liz) is a Russian made-for-television movie.
It was made in 2013 and first shown on television on January 2, 2014.
Joe Sokoloff is a sergeant in the Canadian police.
He takes a vacation to his ancestral homeland, Russia.
On his way, he his robbed while sleeping on a train.
He discovers this just as the train makes a short stop in a small town.
He sees a young woman chasing after a who had not paid for pastries he had bought from her.
Joe dashes off the train to help.
He then is taken to the police station with the man and the woman.
The local police officer wants a report.
Now Joe has missed his train.
The woman takes him in while he waits for the Canadian embassy to fix things for him.
Despite many comedic cultural mistakes, the woman, Liza, grows to like him.
Liza has a daughter who is mute because of having been kidnapped earlier.
Joe is kind to the daughter, Olya.
She gradually opens up to him.
She eventually regains her speech.
The first step is when she sees a horse and tries to say the word.
After several times when she got mad at Joe, Liza finally understands that she loves him.
But Joe disappeared for three days after her last outburst.
Olya tells Liza that Joe will return.
Then he does return.
He explains to Liza that he had to get things straightened out with the embassy.
He says he also had bought a horse and buggy.
Olya is very happy.
The three ride through town in the buggy.
Writers:Leonora Pashenko and Elena Zueva
Director: Alexsey Lisovets
Producers: Vladislav Ryashin
Executive producer: Vadim Zhuk and Larisa Zhuravskaya
Music: Vladimir Kripak and Maksim Velichko
Cinematography: Vasiliy Borodin
Mariya Mashkova (as Liza)
Anton Pampushnyy (as Joe)
Niyole Seryozhnikova (as Olya)
The movie online with English subtitles:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IZc_0Q20BY
Parnelia Augustine (1884–1960) was an American painter.
Her works are shown in the Museum of Nebraska Art (MONA).
She tied with another artist and won the American Beauty Roses in the Lincoln Artists’ Guild All-Nebraska Show.
Nightmare Alley is a 1947 American crime drama movie directed by Edmund Goulding and was based on the 1946 novel of the same name by William Lindsay Gresham.
It stars Tyrone Power, Joan Blondell, Coleen Gray, Helen Walker, Ian Keith, Taylor Holmes and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Ms. 45 (also known as Angel of Vengeance, and mistyped as Ms. 45) is a 1981 American crime thriller movie directed by Abel Ferrara (wlo also stars) and starring Zoe Lund, Editta Sherman, Albert Sinkys.
It was distributed by Rochelle Films.
A Certain Smile is a 1958 American romantic drama movie directed by Jean Negulesco and is based on the 1956 book of the same name by Françoise Sagan.
It stars Rossano Brazzi, Joan Fontaine, Christine Carère, Bradford Dillman and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
High Crimes is a 2002 American legal thriller movie directed by Carl Franklin and starring Ashley Judd, Morgan Freeman, Jim Caviezel, Amanda Peet, Tom Bower.
The screenplay by Yuri Zeltser and Grace Cary Bickley is based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Joseph Finder and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Robert Stewart Trump (August 26, 1948August 15, 2020) was an American real-estate developer and business executive.
He was the younger brother of Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States.
Robert Trump remained a loyal supporter of his brother's political career.
In a 2016 interview, Robert Trump stated: "I support Donald one thousand percent."
In June 2020, Trump spent a week in intensive care at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan.
On August 14, 2020, the White House announced that he had again been hospitalized.
Trump died at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan on August 15, 2020 at age 71 from a cerebral hemorrhage.
Sarita is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas.
Not in Front of the Children is a British comedy series starring Wendy Craig.
It was first aired on British TV in August, 1967.
The last of the 39 episodes produced was transmitted on the 9th January, 1970.
The programme was broadcast over four series or seasons.
Wendy Craig went on to reprise her role as a middle class, scatty housewife in ...And Mother Makes Three and its follow up series ...And Mother Makes Five.
Craig plays a scatter-brain housewife, Jennifer Corner.
She is married to Henry who is a school art teacher.
They have three children, a boy in his early teens, played by Hugo Keith Johnston, and two girls who are younger than the boy, played by Roberta Tovey later replaced by Verina Greenlaw and Jill Roddick.
Henry was initially played by Paul Daneman (in the Comedy Playhouse pilot and the first series or season).
He was replaced in subsequent episodes by Ronald Hines.
Jennifer's best friend, Mary, is played by Charlotte Mitchell.
Ovilla is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
There were 3,492 people living in the area according to the 2010 census.
Wilmer is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
According to the 2010 census, there were 3,682 people living in the area.
Highland Park is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
According to the 2010 census, there were 8,564 people living in the area.
Grays Prairie is a village in the U.S. state of Texas.
It is in Kaufman County.
There were 337 people living there, according to the 2010 census.
Los Ybanez is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
It is in Dawson County.
There were 19 people living there according to the 2010 census.
The city has the smallest population in Texas.
Mustang is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
There were only 21 people living there, according to the 2010 census.
It is the smallest town in Texas in terms of population.
Booker is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
It got its name from B.F. Booker, a civil engineer for the Panhandle and Santa Fe railway.
According to 2010 census, there were 1,516 people living there.
Nevada is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
According to the 2010 census, there were 822 people living there.
Montmorency County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 9,765 people live here.
The county seat is Atlanta.
Muskegon County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 172,188 people live here.
Waseda University Go Club (早稲田大学囲碁会, WUGC) is a Go club at Waseda University.
It was authorized by the university in 1950.
They also have membership at the Kanto Student Go Association (KSGA).
Miori Shimosaka - WUGC alumni, there are also many famous players from WUGC.
Waseda Jitsugyo, Waseda University Honjo Senior High School - Some WUGC members came from here.
Old Rauma (, ) is a wooden city centre.
It is located in the town of Rauma, Finland.
The area of Old Rauma is about 0.3 km².
It has approximately six hundred buildings (including both proper houses and smaller buildings like sheds).
About 800 people live in the area.
The town of Rauma expanded outside Old Rauma only in the early 19th century.
The oldest currently standing buildings were built in the 18th century, because two fires in 1640 and 1682 destroyed the town.
Most buildings are currently inhabited and owned by private individuals.
The two main streets and area around the town square are mainly in business use.
Old Rauma as a VRML model
Old Rauma information in English
Newaygo County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 48,460 people live here.
The county seat is White Cloud.
Oceana County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 26,570 people live here.
The county seat is Hart.
Ogemaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 21,699 people live here.
Ontonagon County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 6,780 people live here.
The county seat is Ontonagon.
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 24,164 people live here.
Presque Isle County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 13,376 people live here.
The county seat is Rogers City.
Roscommon County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 24,449 people live here.
The county seat is Roscommon.
Saginaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 200,169 people live here.
The county seat is Saginaw.
Sanilac County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 43,114 people live here.
Schoolcraft County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 8,485 people live here.
The county seat is Manistique.
The launched roller coaster is a modern form of roller coaster.
A launched coaster starts a ride with high amounts of acceleration via one or a series of linear induction motors (LIM), linear synchronous motors (LSM), catapults, tires, or mechanisms doing hydraulic or pneumatic power.
Lady Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte Windsor (born 19 November 1977) is currently the 32nd in the line of succession to the British throne (April 2021).
She is also known as Lady Davina Lewis between 2004 and 2018.
She is the elder daughter of Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester.
She has divorced from her former husband, Gary Lewis.
List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom, including one site in Northern Ireland: the Giant's Causeway
Héctor Méndez Alarcón (born 11 September 1959) is a Mexican politician from Hidalgo.
He is with the National Action Party.
Between 2000 to 2003, he served as Deputy of the LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress.
Sholay is a Bollywood comedy movie directed by Ramesh Sippy.
It was produced by his father, GP Sippy.
The movie was released on 15 August 1975.
The action-adventure movie is about two criminals, Veeru and Jai (played by Dharmendra and Amitabh Bachchan), who were hired by a retired police officer (Sanjeev Kumar) to catch the cruel dacoit Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan).
Sholay is a classic Indian movie.
It was top of the British Film Institute's 2002 poll of "Top 10 Indian Films" of all time.
In 2005, 50th Filmfare Awards named it the Best Film of 50 Years.
Dharmendra as Veeru
Sanjeev Kumar as Thakur Baldev Singh
Hema Malini as Basanti
Amitabh Bachchan as Jai (Jaidev)
Jaya Bhaduri as Radha, Thakur's daughter-in-law
Amjad Khan as Gabbar Singh
Satyen Kappu as Ramlaal, Thakur's servant
A. K. Hangal as Rahim Chacha, the imam in the village
Sachin as Ahmed, son of the imam
Jagdeep as Soorma Bhopali, a comical wood trader
Leela Mishra as Mausi, Basanti's maternal aunt
Asrani as the Jailor, a comical character modelled after Charlie Chaplin in The Great Dictator
Keshto Mukherjee as Hariram, prison barber and Jailor's side-kick
Mac Mohan as Sambha, Gabbar Singh's sidekick
Viju Khote as Kaalia, another of Gabbar's men whom he kills in a game of Russian roulette
Iftekhar as Inspector Khurana, Radha's Father
Helen in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
Jalal Agha in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
Raj Kishore as a jail inmate with gayish mannerisms
Arvind Joshi as elder son of Thakur Baldev Singh
Sharad Kumar as Ninni, younger son of Thakur Baldev Singh
Gita Siddharth as Geeta, Arvind Joshi's wife
The Evenks (Evenki: Ewenkī) are an ethnic group native to Northern Asia.
Most of them are living in Russia (Siberia) or China (Inner Mongolia).
Small number of them also live in Mongolia and Ukraine.
Evenks are a Tungusic people.
They are related to the Manchu and the Oroqen.
USS Enterprise (CVN-80) will be the third  to be built for the United States Navy.
She will be the ninth United States naval vessel to bear the name, and is scheduled to be in operation by 2027.
Her construction began in August 2017 with a steel-cutting ceremony.
On 1 December 2012, during the presentation of a pre-recorded speech at the inactivation ceremony for , then-Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that CVN-80 would be named Enterprise.
She will be the ninth ship and the third aircraft carrier in the history of the United States Navy to bear the name.
CVN-80 will also be the first American supercarrier not to be named in honor of a person since the  was commissioned in 1966.
In December 2016, Mabus chose Olympic gold medalists Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles to sponsor the ship.
CVN-80  will be built by Huntington Ingalls Industries-Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia.
Enterprise is scheduled to begin active construction around 2018 and be delivered by 2025.
However, in an effort to save costs, the Congressional Research Service indicates that the Department of the Navy is reviewing the possibility of extending the length of time used to build both  and Enterprise by two years.
If approved, the ship would not enter service until 2027 and prevent any instance of 12 carriers being in service at any one time.
The steel from CVN-65 will be recycled and used to construct CVN-80.
The ship is currently scheduled to replace .
The first cut of steel ceremony, marking the beginning of fabrication of the ship's components, was held on 21 August 2017, with ship's sponsors Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles present.
Construction began in advance of the purchase contract and construction award, in early 2018.
In the spring of 2018, a piece of steel from CVN-65 was melted down and remade into a keel plate for CVN-80.
List of aircraft carriers
List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
List of ships of the United States Navy named Enterprise
DoD press release naming CVN-80 Enterprise
Tilehurst is a suburb of the town of Reading in the Royal County of Berkshire, England.
It is in the west of central Reading.
It lies within the boundaries of The Borough of Reading and partly in the district of West Berkshire.
The part within West Berkshire forms part of the civil parish of Tilehurst.
It also includes the northern part of Calcot and a small rural area west of the suburb.
The Tilehurst Water Tower, built in the 1930s, towers over the suburb.
In the 2011 Census, 14,604 people lived in Tilehurst.
Notable residents[edit source]
Bryan Adams, musician, lived in Tilehurst in the 1960s while his father was stationed in the UK
Jacqueline Bisset, actress, grew up in Tilehurst in a 17th-century country cottage, where she now lives part of the year[citation needed]
Kenneth Branagh, actor, attended Meadway School in the 1970s
Tim Dinsdale, searcher for the Loch Ness Monster.
Mike Oldfield, musician, grew up in Tilehurst
Ayrton Senna, Formula 1 driver, lived on the Pottery Road estate in the 1980s
Sir Peter Vanlore (1547-1627) bought Tilehurst Manor and lived there with his wife Lady Jacoba van Loor (daughter of Henri Thibault).
Sir Peter was a well respected trader and merchant during the Elizabethan and early Stuart eras.
Sir Peter was born in Uttrecht, the Netherlands.
Sir Peter and his wife had several children; one of whom was Anna van Loor whom married the Dutch jeweller and lawyer, Sir Charles Caesar ( formerly Cesarini - Adelmare ).
St. Clair County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 163,040 people live here.
The county seat is Port Huron.
St. Joseph County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
It is on the border with Indiana.
As of the 2010 census, 61,295 people live here.
The American flamingo or  caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is a species of flamingo that occurs in Central America.
It is related to the Greater flamingo, and the Chilean flamingo.
It can also be found on the Galapagos Islands.
Tuscola County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 55,729 people live here.
The county seat is Caro.
Van Buren County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 76,258 people live here.
Wexford County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.
As of the 2010 census, 32,735 people live here.
Budj Bim, also called Mount Eccles, is a dormant volcano near Macarthur in southwestern Victoria, Australia.
It is in the Budj Bim National Park. "
Budj Bim" is a Gunditjmara name meaning "High Head".
The volcano is around  high.
It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019.
Amherst County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia.
As of the 2010 census, 32,353 people lived there.
Its county seat is Amherst.
Augusta County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia.
As of the 2010 census, 73,750 people lived there.
Its county seat is Staunton.
Rouilly-Saint-Loup is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Rouvres-les-Vignes is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Silverton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
There were 731 people living there according to the 2010 census.
Canada has 20 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Nine of them are cultural sites, ten are natural, and one is mixed.
This article lists all twenty sites in Canada.
Jongmyo Shrine is a religious building in Seoul, South Korea.
It is a Confucian royal shrine from the Joseon Dynasty.
It was built in the late 1300s, destroyed during a Japanese invasion in the 1500s, and rebuilt in the 1600s.
People still use it in modern times.
The Jongmyo Shrine holds spirit tablets, each dedicated to a specific king or queen from the Joseon Dynasty.
The Confucian way of life includes ancestor worship.
During the Joseon Dynasty, the king of Korea would go to Jongmyo to pray to earlier kings and queens.
There were also larger rites, with more people.
Some of them involved singing and dancing.
Some of these rites are still performed in modern times.
Jongmyo has a main shrine, called Jeongjeon.
It has a smaller shrine called Yeongnyeongjeon, or "the Hall of Eternal Peace" in English.
It also has a place specifically for the king, a storage building for ritual items, and a waiting area.
There is also a specific shrine to King Kongmin from the earlier Koryo Dynasty.
That shrine was built by the Joseon-era King Taejo.
The Jongmyo-Daejae, or "Royal Shrine Ritual" in English, was the most important rite performed at the shrine.
During the Joseon Dynasty, it was performed five times each year.
During the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910-1945), it was not performed because the Japanese did not allow it.
Since 1969, the Royal Family Association has performed the Jongmyo-Daejae once each year.
The Jongmyo-Daejae itself and the music used in the Jongmyo-Daejae were both declared Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2001.
Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Canadian Rockies.
There are seven parks in the site, including four national parks:
They became a World Heritage Site in 1984.
The Burgess Shale site is also part of it, which was a World Heritage site on its own between 1980 and 1984.
Banff National Park () is the oldest national park in Canada.
It was first started in 1885.
It is in the Canadian Rockies,  west of Calgary, Alberta.
The park has an area of around .
The park has mountains, glaciers, and ice fields.
There is also a large coniferous forest.
The main town near to the park is Banff.
Banff is one of the seven parks in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.
Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area, and Haida Heritage Site, is in the southernmost Haida Gwaii (formerly known as Queen Charlotte Islands).
It is often simply called as Gwaii Haanas (), It is  off the mainland of British Columbia, Canada.
Gwaii Haanas is an archipelago of 138 islands. "
Gwaii Haanas" means "Islands of Beauty" in .
It is the language of the Haida people.
The Haida Heritage Site is part of the territory of the Haida people.
They have lived in Haida Gwaii for at least 14,000 years.
"MacDonald, George F." Ninstints – Haida World Heritage Site.
Vancouver: UBC Press.
Jasper National Park is a national park in Alberta, Canada.
It is the largest national park of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta.
Its area is around .
It is to the north of Banff National Park and to the west of Edmonton.
The park has glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains.
It is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.
Echo sounding is a way out measure the depth of water.
This is done by sending out sound waves, and measuring how long it takes for the echo of the sound to come back.
The speed of sound in the water is known, so the depth can be calculated.
It is a kind of sonar.
Note that the word sounding is used for all kinds of technologies, even though some do not use sound.
Before echo sounding was used (in the early 20th century), sounding lines were lowered into the water to measure the depth.
The sound reflects off the seafloor and returns to the transducer.
The time the sound takes to travel to the bottom and back is used to calculate the distance to the seafloor.
Water depth is estimated by using the speed of sound through the water (approximately 1,500 meters per second).
The product is divided by two because the measured time is the round-trip time (from the transducer to the seafloor and back to the transducer).
The faster the sound pulses return to the transducer from the ocean floor, the shallower the water depth is and the higher the elevation of the sea floor.
The sound pulses are sent out regularly as the ship moves along the surface, which produces a line showing the depth of the ocean beneath the ship.
This continuous depth data is used to create bathymetry maps of the survey area.
Aledo is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
There were 2,716 people living in the area according to the 2010 census.
Lipan is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
There were 430 people living in the area according to the 2010 census.
Towns in Collin County, Texas
Kootenay National Park is a national park in southeastern British Columbia.
The park has an area of  in the Canadian Rockies.
Some of the Kootenay River and all of the Vermilion River are in the park.
The park is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.
A sounding line is a way to measure the depth, usually inside a body of water.
The basic concept is that of a weight attached to a long rope.
Unlike physical violence, there is no bloodshed and is not very obvious.
However, people are still hurt and structural violence is tied to physical violence in a lot of ways.
A lot of social institutions are run by people who come from the advantaged classes.
They want to make the social structures work for them so they make it hard for disadvantaged groups to live in society.
Yoho National Park is a national park in British Columbia, Canada.
It is in the Canadian Rockies.
The park has large ice fields and mountains, as well as many waterfalls.
The name "Yoho" comes from a Cree word that is said in awe, probably because of the beauty of the area.
It is to the north of the Kootenay National Park and to the west of the Banff National Park in Alberta.
Mount Goodsir
Mount Vaux
Mount Balfour
Chancellor Peak
Mount Stephen  is the tallest of the four mountains that are next to the town of Field, British Columbia.
A part of the Burgess Shale fossils were found on Mount Stephen.
Odaray Mountain
The Vice President
Wapta Mountain
Mount Field
Mount Burgess  is an often climbed mountain.
For 17 years, it was featured on the Canadian ten-dollar bill.
Paget Peak
Arizona's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in southeast Arizona.
It is one of 9 districts in Arizona and 435 in the USA.
It is represented in the House of Representatives by Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick, and includes the city of Tucson.
It has a CPVI of R+1.
Arizona's 3rd congressional district is a district in southwestern Arizona.
It is one of 9 districts in Arizona and one of 435 in the US.
It has a CPVI of D+13, and is represented by Raúl Grijalva.
Hamber Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia.
It is next to Jasper National Park and the border with Alberta.
The Trans-Canada Highway was built a different way to make sure it didn't go through the park.
The Mukden Palace (), also known as the Shenyang Imperial Palace (), was a former imperial palace for the emperor of the  Qing dynasty.
It became part of UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004.
It was added to the Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Forbidden City, Beijing.
It was built in 1625 for the for the early Qing dynasty who ruled the Manchu.
China's first three Qing emperors lived there between 1625 to 1644.
After the fall of dynasties in China, the place was turned into a museum.
It is at the center of Shenyang, Liaoning.
English-language official website
Terrestrial television is a type of television broadcasting where the television signal is sent by radio waves from a transmitter on the land.
In North America, it is usually called over-the-air television (OTA).
This type of TV is different to newer types such as satellite, cable, and IPTV.
TV is broadcast between 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF radio bands.
This can be sent in digital or the older analog format.
Many countries switched (or are switching) to digital and turned off the analog signals.
Shinichi Oishi is a Japanese mathematician at Waseda University.
He is also the director of Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and Japan Society for Simulation Technology.
Deadline - U.S.A. is a 1952 American crime drama movie directed by Richard Brooks and starring Humphrey Bogart, Ethel Barrymore, Kim Hunter, Ed Begley, Warren Stevens, Martin Gabel, James Dean, Fay Baker.
Les Misérables is a 1998 British German American romantic drama movie directed by Bille August and is based on the 1862 novel of the same name by Victor Hugo.
It stars Geoffrey Rush, Liam Neeson, Uma Thurman, Claire Danes, Patsy Byrne, Ralph Nossek, Kathleen Byron, Hans Matheson, John McGlynn.
Anne of York (10 August, 1439 – 1476) was a member of the House of York in England, a branch of the English Royal Family.
She was the second and eldest surviving daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York.
Stephenson 2-18 (St2-18, also known as Stephenson 2-18 and RSGC2-18) is a red supergiant (RSG) star.
It is close to, and a possible member of, the open cluster Stephenson 2.
It is about 6,000 parsecs (20,000 ly) away from Earth in the constellation of Scutum and is one of the largest known stars.
It is also one of the most luminous of its type.
It has a radius of 2,150 times that of the Sun, and has a volume 10 billion times that of the Sun.
Qeysar (, meaning "Caesar") is a 1969 Iranian crime drama movie directed by Masoud Kimiai and starring Behrouz Vossoughi, Pouri Banai, Nasser Malekmotei, Jamshid Mashayekhi, Bahman Mofid.
Movies directed by Masoud Kimiai
Genopole is a biocluster in France for biotherapies, research in genetics, genomics, post-genomics and for biotechnology companies.
It is located in Évry-Courcouronnes.
Indiana Dunes National Park is a national park in Indiana, United States.
Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore is known for its beautiful beaches.
More than 3.5 million people visit a sandy, hilly area called Indiana Dunes each year.
It sits along the shores of Lake Michigan, about  southeast of Chicago.
Visitors to the area swim and sail on the lake.
They watch birds in the wetlands.
They study plant life in the forests of oak and maple trees.
Now, the 6,000-hectare site is the newest national park, and also 61st national park in the United States.