the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
She modeled for much of the 1940s and first half of the 1950s.
Leigh had several siblings.
One of her sisters, Cecilia "Suzy Parker", was also a fashion model.
Parker would later act in movies and television.
Dorian Leigh was born in San Antonio, Texas.
She succumbed to Alzheimer's disease at age 91.
Bobby Frank Rule (June 29, 1944 – September 5, 2019) was an American basketball player.
He was born in Riverside, California.
He played at center for the National Basketball Association's Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, Cleveland Cavaliers, and briefly, the Milwaukee Bucks.
Career statistics at basketballreference.com
Seattle SuperSonics History
Sándor Tóth (18 August 1939 – 11 September 2019) was a Hungarian poet and journalist.
He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP).
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Pásztó (Nógrád County Constituency II) between 1990 and 1994.
Michael E. Haynes (May 9, 1927 – September 12, 2019) was an American minister and politician.
He was in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1965 to 1968, representing Roxbury, Massachusetts.
He was also a member of the Boston Mayor's Committee on Violence and the Attorney General's Advisory Committee on Drug Addiction.
László Marton (6 January 1943 – 12 September 2019) was a Hungarian contemporary theatre director.
Marton was the artistic director of the Vígszínház and professor of the University of Theatre, Film and Television in Budapest.
Marton was known for directing classics through a new lens and his productions have been seen in more than 40 cities throughout the world.
On 14 October 2017, Hungarian actress Lilla Sárosdi alleged in a Facebook post that a well-known Hungarian theatre director had sexually assaulted her 20 years earlier.
On 20 October, two more people anonymously accused Marton of sexual assault.
Soulpepper Theatre
Vígszínház
Ivett Körösi: #MeToo: László Marton denounced
Asadollah Asgaroladi (3 March 1934 – 13  September 2019) was an Iranian businessman.
He worked in exports, banking, real estate and healthcare.
He was the richest person in Iran, with a net worth of $9 billion.
Bruno Grandi (May 9, 1934 – September 13, 2019) was an Italian sportsman.
He was president of the FIG (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique) from 1996–2016 and was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 2000 to 2004.
He was born in Forlì, Emilia Romagna.
Ghulam Shah Jeelani (; 7 August 1957 – 13 September 2019) was a Pakistani politician.
He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 2008 through May 2018 and again from August 2018 until his death.
Jeelani was born in Dadu, Pakistan.
György (George) Konrád (2 April 1933 – 13 September 2019) was a Hungarian novelist and essayist.
He was known as a supporter of individual freedom.
He was President of PEN International from 1990 through 1993.
Nabil Karoui, (born 1 August 1963) is a Tunisian businessman and politician.
Karoui is CEO of  Karoui & Karoui World and owner of the Tunisian television station Nessma.
He is known as the "Tunisian Berlusconi".
Karoui was charged with money laundering in July 2019.
He was arrested on August 23, 2019 following a warrant by the Tunis Court of Appeal.
Karoui received 525,517	 votes in the first round of the 2019 election, coming in second place and moved on to face professor Kaïs Saïed in the second round.
He lost the run-off to Saïed on 13 October 2019.
In 29 August 2021 the Algerian authorities arrested Nabil Karoui in Tébessa, near the borders with Tunisia, after he had illegally entered the country.
Margo (born María Marguerita Guadalupe Teresa Estela Bolado Castilla y O'Donnell, May 10, 1917 – July 17, 1985) was a Mexican-American actress and dancer.
She appeared in many movies and television shows.
She was best known for her roles in Lost Horizon (1937), The Leopard Man (1943), Viva Zapata! (
1952), and I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955).
Katherine Virginia "Kassie" DePaiva (née Wesley; born March 21, 1961) is an American actress and singer-songwriter.
She is best known for her role as Bobby Joe in the horror movie Evil Dead II (1987).
She is also known for her role of Blair Cramer on ABC's One Life to Live.
Other roles included Chelsea Reardon on Guiding Light, and her current role as Eve Donovan on NBC's Days of Our Lives.
DePaiva was born in Morganfield, Kentucky.
In August 2016, DePaiva announced she had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia.
The Kassie DePaiva Page
Marianne Jean-Baptiste (born 27 April 1967) is an English actress.
was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Hortense in the 1996 movie Secrets & Lies.
For the same role, she was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress-Motion Picture.
Jean-Baptiste was also nominated with several NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
This was for her acting in the CBS television series Without a Trace.
Virgin Galactic is a spaceflight company founded by the English billionaire Richard Branson in 2004.
In May 2021 one of the company's spaceplanes took people into space.
On 11 July 2021, Richard Branson and three employees were passengers on a flight, up to an altitude of 86 km (53 mi); the flight had two pilots.
However, the rocket plane Unity flew outside restricted airspace; That happened for 1 minute and 41 seconds.
The Federal Aviation Administration allowed [any] SpaceShipTwo rocket plane to fly again [from] September 2021, after deciding to expand (or make larger) the restricted airspace around the vehicle's flight range.
virgingalactic.com
Virgin Galactic Unity 22
Aviation companies
K2-18b, also known as EPIC 201912552 b, is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf K2-18, located  away from Earth.
It was discovered by the Kepler space telescope.
It is estimated to be eight times bigger than the Earth.
K2-18b is in the Goldilocks zone and may have liquid water.
Rougemont is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
DISH is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
It used to be called Clark but renamed to "DISH" as part of an agreement with Dish Network.
Combremont-le-Grand was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard joined together to become the new municipality of Valbroye.
Marnand was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Valbroye is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Interstate 278 is a highway is in the US states of New Jersey and New York.
It runs from US Highway 1-9 in Linden, NJ to the Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95/I-295) in The Bronx.
Its names include the Staten Island Expressway on Staten Island, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, (BQE) the Gowanus Expressway, the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, and the Bruckner Expressway.
Barkatullah Khan (25 October 1920  – 11 October 1973) was a politician from Indian state of Rajasthan.
He was a leader of Indian National Congress party.
He was elected to state assembly from Tijara.
He was Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 9 July 1971 to 11 October 1973.
He was the first Muslim to be the Chief Minister.
He died in office from a heart attack.
Bongo BD is a Bangladeshi record label company.
It is known for the digital version and published latest content to the viewers.
The founder and CEO of Bongo BD is Ahad Mohammad.
Bangladeshi record labels
La Tour-de-Peilz  is a municipality of the district Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Cerniaz was a municipality of the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard joined to become the new municipality of Valbroye.
Granges-près-Marnand was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
The municipality has a rail connection to the Léman Express network via the Palézieux–Payerne line.
On 29 July 2013, two passenger trains on the line suffered a head-on collision at Granges-près-Marnand, causing at least 35 injuries and one fatality.
Sassel was a municipality of the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Seigneux was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Combremont-le-Petit was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Villars-Bramard was a municipality of the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Jorat-Mézières is a new municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
On 1 July 2016 the former municipalities of Carrouge, Ferlens and Mézières merged to form the new municipality of Jorat-Mézières.
Official website of the municipality of Jorat-Mézières
Brenles is a former municipality of the district Broye-Vully, in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Aromanian (, armãneashti, or armãneshce), also known as Macedo-Romanian or Vlach, is an Eastern Romance language, similar to Meglenoromanian, or a dialect of the Romanian language spoken in Southeastern Europe.
Its speakers are called Aromanians or Vlachs.
It is heavily influenced by Albanian.
Aromanian Language website
Στα Βλάχικα – In Vlach: A website about the Vlach language in Greece
Aromanian Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh list appendix)
Aromanian basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs
Greek Helsinki Human Rights Organization: Aromanians (Vlachs) in Greece
Conjugation of verbs in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian
Romanian and the Balkans, with some references to Aromanian
Greek Vlach website
Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj – CTARM , webpage about Youth Aromanians and their projects
Armans Association from Serbia
Armans Cultural Association from Romania
Higher animals, including humans use their brain to control their behavior.
The cognitive processes  they use are known as  executive functions (also called cognitive control): They are used to choose what to do, and to also control, if the chosed goals have been achieved.
Some executive functions are basic cognitive processes such as attentional control, cognitive inhibition, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.
Higher-order executive functions require the use of several basic executive functions and include planning and fluid intelligence (for example reasoning and problem-solving).
Executive functions develop over time.
They change during lifespan of an individual and can be improved at any time.
Similarly, these cognitive processes can be adversely affected by different events.
Tests have been developed to assess the level of these functions.
Rating scales can be used.
These tests are usually performed as a part of a larger series of tests, which ain to find neurological and psychiatric disorders.
An example of such a test is the Stroop test.
An example of a scale is call Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive functions.
A counterexample of this is operant and classical conditioning: With these processes, individuals are "taught" to react in a certain way to a given stimulus.
In such a situation, the individual must override the response to a stimulus using executive functions.
This is called inhibitory control.
The prefrontal cortex is necessary but not solely sufficient for executive functions; other parts of the brain also have a role in mediating inhibitory control.
Certain conditions affect cognitive control.
These include addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and other central nervous system disorders.
Stimulus-driven behavioral responses that are associated with a particular rewarding stimulus tend to dominate one's behavior in an addiction.
Hypothesized role
The executive system is thought to be heavily involved in handling new situations outside the domain of some of our 'automatic' psychological processes that could be explained by the reproduction of learned schemas or set behaviors.
Psychologists Don Norman and Tim Shallice have outlined five types of situations in which routine activation of behavior would not be sufficient for optimal performance:
Those that involve planning or decision-making
Those that involve error correction or troubleshooting
Situations where responses are not well-rehearsed or contain new sequences of actions
Dangerous or technically difficult situations
Situations that require the overcoming of a strong habitual response or resisting temptation.
A prepotent response is a response for which immediate reinforcement (positive or negative) is available or has been previously associated with that response.
Executive functions are often invoked when it is necessary to override prepotent responses that might otherwise be automatically triggered by stimuli in the environment.
For example, on being presented with a potentially rewarding stimulus, such as a tasty piece of chocolate cake, a person might have the automatic response to take a bite.
However, where such behavior conflicts with internal plans (such as having decided not to eat chocolate cake while on a diet), the executive functions might be engaged to inhibit that response.
Although suppression of these prepotent responses is usually considered adaptive, problems for the development of the individual and the culture arise when feelings of right and wrong are overridden by cultural expectations or when creative impulses are overridden by executive inhibitions.
The National Center for Learning Disabilities
Chadlia Saïda Farhat Essebsi (August 1, 1936 – September 15, 2019) was the former First Lady of Tunisia from 2014 through 2019.
She was the wife of President Beji Caid Essebsi.
She was Tunisia's fifth first lady, as well as the second following the Tunisian Revolution.
Michael Shenstone (June 25, 1928 – September 9, 2019) was a Canadian politician.
Shenstone was the Canadian ambassador to Saudi Arabia between 1974 and 1978 and to Austria from 1985 through 1990.
He played a key role in releasing American hostages from Iran between 1979 through 1981.
James Raymond Greengrass (October 24, 1927 – September 9, 2019) was an American professional baseball player.
He appeared in 504 games over five seasons (1952–1956) in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds/Redlegs and Philadelphia Phillies.
Addison is a town in Steuben County, New York, United States.
Chatsworth is a city in Murray County, Georgia, United States.
The population was 3,531 at the 2000 census and 4,299 in 2010.
Dalton is a city in Whitfield County, Georgia, United States.
It is the county seat of Whitfield County and the principal city of the Dalton, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rudolf Gutendorf (30 August 1926 – 13 September 2019) was a German football manager and player.
He was known for managing the highest number of national teams – a total of 19 teams plus Iran's Olympic team in 1988 and the China Olympic team in 1992.
He played for TuS Koblenz from 1944 through 1953.
He was born in Koblenz, Germany.
Alexander Peter Grammas (April 3, 1926 – September 13, 2019) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager and coach.
Grammas played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Redlegs and Chicago Cubs.
He threw and batted right-handed, and was listed as  tall and .
Bussy-sur-Moudon  is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Champtauroz is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Lovatens is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Ropraz is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Hermenches is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district  in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Chavannes-sur-Moudon is a municipality in the of Broye-Vully district  in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Chevroux is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Corcelles-le-Jorat is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Curtilles is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Treytorrens (Payerne) is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
"Don't Call Me Angel (Charlie's Angels)" is a song recorded by American singers Ariana Grande, Miley Cyrus, and Lana Del Rey.
It was released on September 13, 2019, as the theme song to the upcoming remake of the film Charlie's Angels.
It is an  pop and R&B song.
All three artists wrote the song with Savan Kotecha, Alma-Sofia Miettinen, and its producers, Max Martin and Ilya.
Lol Mahamat Choua (June 15, 1939 – September 15, 2019) was a Chadian politician.
He was his country's head of state for four months in 1979.
He was the President of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) political party.
This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.
Presidency of Chad
World Statesmen – Chad
António Joaquim Fernandes (November 27, 1951 – September 15, 2019), known as Roberto Leal, was a Portuguese-Brazilian singer-songwriter.
He sold more than 17 million albums, and received 30 golden records and 5 platinum records.
He was born in Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal.
In an opinion poll by Datafolha in Rio de Janeiro, asking what was the first famous Portuguese person people could think of, Leal came in first, with 15%, ahead of Pedro Álvares Cabral (9%) and Luís de Camões (4%).
Some of Leal best known songs are: "Bate o Pé", "Clareou", "O Vinho de Meu Amor", and "Marrabenta".
In January 2019, Leal revealed that he had skin cancer.
He died at the age of 67 on September 15, 2019 at a São Paulo hospital.
The cause of death was kidney failure caused by skin cancer-related medicine.
Phyllis Newman (March 19, 1933 – September 15, 2019) was an American actress, activist and singer.
She won the 1962 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role as Martha Vail in the Broadway-theatre production of Subways Are for Sleeping.
She was nominated twice for the Drama Desk Award.
Newman was a breast cancer survivor.
She died on September 15, 2019 in New York City at the age of 86.
The cause of death was lung disease-related problems.
Phyllis Newman's Website
Bhikajirao Jijaba Khatal-Patil () (March 26, 1919 – September 16, 2019), popularly known as Dada or Khatal Saheb, was an Indian politician, writer and activist.
Khatal-Patil was born in Sangamner, Ahmednagar District.
He was a member of the Maharashtra legislative assembly between 1962 through 1978 and again through 1980 through 1985.
Michael Stefanik (May 20, 1958 – September 15, 2019) was an American professional stock car racing driver.
He competed mainly in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.
He was a seven-time champion in the Modified series, Stefanik was named the second greatest NASCAR Modified driver of all-time in 2003.
His nine total championships (two in the Busch North Series) tie him with Richie Evans for most in NASCAR history.
He was born in Wilbraham, Massachusetts.
Wilbraham is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.
It is a suburb of the City of Springfield, and part of the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The population was 14,868 at the 2010 census.
Sterling is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States.
The population was 3,099 at the 2000 census.
Richard Theodore Otcasek (March 23, 1944 – September 15, 2019), known as Ric Ocasek (), was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and painter] He was best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and primary lyricist for the rock band the Cars.
His best known songs were "Just What I Needed", "My Best Friend's Girl", "You Might Think" and "Drive", the first and latter on which bandmate Ben Orr sang lead vocals.
Ocasek was born in Baltimore, Maryland and raised in Cleveland, Ohio.
In 2018, Ocasek was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cars.
Unlike most bands that made it big, The Cars did not do recreational or illicit drug use.
The Cars were known to drink and stay up late and record most of their music throughout the night hours.
Ric Ocasek VH1 artist page
Ric Ocasek AOL artist page
[ Ric Ocasek Allmusic artist page]
A pitch bend is a music effect on where one note will slide to another note.
Pitch bends is a technical term that is used in MIDI technology and there are some genres of music such as rock and video game where pitch bends are often heard.
The first synthesizer with a pitch wheel was the Minimoog, in 1970.
Kodela Siva Prasada Rao (2 May 1947 – 16 September 2019) was an Indian politician.
He was born in Kandlagunta, Andhra Pradesh.
Rao was a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (APLA) from 1983 through his death.
He was the Speaker of the APLA from 2014 until his death.
Paul Cronin (8 July 1938 – 13 September 2019) was an Australian actor.
He was known for his roles in the Australian television series Matlock Police and The Sullivans.
He won the Silver Logie five times.
Cronin was born in Jamestown, South Australia.
John R. Ralston (April 26, 1927 — September 14, 2019) was an American football player, coach, and sports executive.
He was born in Oakland, California and raised in Norway, Michigan.
Ralston was the head football coach at Utah State University (1959–1962), Stanford University (1963–1971), and San Jose State University (1993–1996).
He also coached the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) from 1972 to 1976 and the Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League (USFL) in 1983.
Norway is a city in Dickinson County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
The population was 2,845 at the 2010 census.
It is part of the Iron Mountain, MI–WI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Neil F. Hartigan (born  May 4, 1938) is an American Democrat.
He was Illinois Attorney General, the 40th Lieutenant Governor, and a justice of the Illinois Appellate Court.
Tijjani Muhammad-Bande (OFR) (born December 7, 1957) is a Nigerian political scientist, administrator and career diplomat.
He was the President of the United Nations General Assembly from 2019 to 2020.
Philippe Pétain (1856-1951) was a French General  who served as leader of Vichy France between 1940 and 1944.
In 1940 during the Battle of France the French government asked him to govern the country.
He surrendered to the Germans.
From 1940 to late 1942, Vichy France was a client state of Nazi Germany.
In November 1942 Pétain became a puppet of Nazi Germany as they fully occupied and disarmed Vichy France.
After the war, Pétain was tried and convicted for treason.
He was originally sentenced to death, but due to his age and World War I service his sentence was commuted to life in prison.
He died in 1951.
A marginal sea is a part of an ocean that is between the coastal zone and open ocean.
Such a sea is partly enclosed by land and not as deep as the open ocean.
There are many named marginal seas.
However, there is some disagreement on what makes a sea a marginal sea or not.
Lynx is a customizable text-based web browser for use on cursor-addressable character cell terminals. ,
it is the oldest web browser still in general use and active development, having started in 1992.
Lynx was a product of the Distributed Computing Group within Academic Computing Services of the University of Kansas.
It was first created in 1992 by a team of students and staff at the university (Lou Montulli, Michael Grobe and Charles Rezac) as a hypertext browser.
It was used only to distribute campus information as part of a Campus-Wide Information Server.
It was also used for browsing the Gopher space.
This was the fourth Anglo-Dutch War between the Anglos and Dutchs.
It occurred immediately after the Third and before the Fifth Anglo-Dutch Wars.
Anglos and Dutchs did not like the number 4 so they moved on to the Fifth War in the year in 1784.
Anglos the mass slaughter of Dutchs but mistakenly killed the bush Maori and Turks.
The result of the war led to the birth of Jesus Christ.
Penelope Whetton (5 January 1958 – 11 September 2019) was an Australian climatologist.
She was an expert in regional climate change effects due to global warming and in the impacts of those changes.
Her primary scientific focus was  Australia.
In 1989, she joined the Atmospheric Research division of CSIRO (later becoming CMAR CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research).
She was one of the lead authors of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Whetton was born in Melbourne.
She was married to Senator Janet Rice.
In 2003, she had sexual reassignment surgery.
Whetton died on 11 September 2019 in Sisters Beach, Tasmania at the age of 61.
Luigi Colani (born Lutz Colani; 2 August 1928 – 16 September 2019) was a German industrial designer.
His long career began in the 1950s when he designed cars for companies including Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Volkswagen, and BMW.
Colani Design Germany GmbH
Colani Trading AG
Japanese Colani fan web site
3 pictures of the Kitchen Satellite
Website of his son's design company and his Instagram  and IMDb pages
Article in the New York Times: Colani’s Concepts Make Concept Cars Look Tame (2007)
Steven Donald Dalachinsky (September 29, 1946 – Septemeber 16, 2019) was an American poet.
He was from New York City.
Harbrinderjit Singh Dillon (23 April 1945 – 16 September 2019) was an Indonesian Sikh and political/human rights activist.
He was Assistant to the Minister of Agriculture and Commissioner of the National Commission on Human Rights.
He was an outspoken critic of corruption in Indonesia.
HS Dillon, a fearless campaigner - March 09, 2005.
Interview, personal background and list of positions.
Indonesians in Focus: H. S. Dillon - H. S. Dillon and governance reform  planetmole.org
The Association for Human Rights Reporting Standards (FIHRRST)
Sakahoko Nobushige (born as Yoshiaki Fukuzono; 18 June 1961 – 16 September 2019) was a Japanese sumo wrestler.
His highest rank was sekiwake.
He later became the head coach of Izutsu stable.
He was the elder brother of Terao Tsunefumi.
Nobushige was born in Kagoshima, Japan.
Sakahoko made his professional debut in January 1978.
Article on brothers in sumo
Khem Singh Gill (1 September 1930 – 17 September 2019) was an Indian academic, geneticist and plant breeder.
He was a former Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab Agricultural University from 1990 through 1993.
Amrit Sanchar ("nectar ceremony"; also called Amrit sanskar, Amrit Parchar, or Khande di Pahul), is the name given in the Sikh tradition to the Baptism ceremony which is also known as the initiation ceremony into the Khalsa "brotherhood".
The word Pahul or Puhul is a derivative from a substantive, "pahu" — meaning an agent which brightens, accelerates or sharpens the potentialities of a given object.
In Sikhism, the baptised Sikh is also called an Amritdhari, literally meaning Amrit Taker or one who has ‘Taken on Amrit’.
This practice has been in existence since the times of Guru Nanak Dev (1469 - 1539).
During that time-period, this ceremony was known as Charan Amrit or Charan Phul or the Pag Pahul, the words Charan and Pag both signifying the foot of the teacher.
During that time-period, the neophytes poured water over Guru's toe to be initiated into the fold.
When the Guru was not present, the masands or the local sangat leaders officiated.
The water was poured on Guru's toe and then the devotees would drink it and seek blessings of the Guru.
The Guru would guide the Sikhs about the Sikh teachings and instruct them to adopt them as a way of life.
Khande di Pahul (Amrit ceremony) was initiated in the times of Guru Gobind Singh when Khalsa was inaugurated at Sri Anandpur Sahib on the day of Baisakhi in 1699.
Guru Gobind Singh asked a gathering of Sikhs, "who is prepared to die for God?"
At first, the people hesitated, and then one man stepped forward, and he was taken to a tent.
After some time, Guru Gobind Singh came out of the tent, with blood dripping from his sword.
He asked the same question again.
After the next four volunteers were in the tent, he reappeared with the five, who were now all dressed like him.
These five men came to be known as Panj Pyares or the Beloved Five.
These five were initiated into the Khalsa by receiving Amrit.
These five were Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Mukham Singh, Bhai Sahib Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh and Bhai Himmat Singh.
Sikh men were then given the name "Singh" meaning "lion" and the women received the last name "Kaur" meaning "princess"
Khande Di Pahul not only embodies the primary objects of Sikh faith and the promises connected therewith, but also is itself a promise to lead a pure and pious life to unite with Almighty Lord.
It is about inward cleansing of the conscience and seeking unity with The Supreme Lord through His Grace.
The word Pahul is a derivative from the substantive, Pahu- which is an agent which brightens, accelerates or sharpens the potentialities of a given object.
Amrit Chhakhna
Amrit Chhakhna refers to the drinking of the Amrit or the Nectar.
The Amrit is administered in the presence of the holy text of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahib which is consideded the 11th Guru.
The candidates take a full bath, wear the five 5 Kakas and present themselves before the Guru Granth Sahib for initiation of Amrit.
The five Sikhs, who represent the five beloved, who have led a virtuous life and have strictly observed the Sikh discipline are chosen to prepare and administer the Amrit.
The candidates for baptism are apprised of the Amrit conditions for acceptance before the ceremony is started.
They are apprised about the pure and virtuous life they must lead.
When the candidates agree to live by the discipline and code of Sikh conduct, the Panj Pyares start preparing the Amrit.
A Sarb Loh (Iron or steel) cauldron (Bata or bowl) is filled with clean water.
Some Patashas (sugar crystals/plums) are poured into the water.
The Five Beloveds then sit in Vir Asan ( seated on the ground with left knee down and the right knee up) around the cauldron.
The mixture of Amrit is stirred with a Khanda while the Panj Pyares recite path of five Banis (Japji Sahib, Jaap Sahib, Sawayae, Chaupai Sahib and Anand Sahib) from Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Dasam Granth with attention and full concentration on the Amrit preparation in the cauldron.
The solution thus prepared is called Amrit (nectar of immortality).
In this religion, it is believed that it should not be taken into mind that Amrit Chhakhna is the end purpose.
It is the start of one's journey on a right path to attain a pure and pious life which is essential to attain God (according to the Guru Granth Sahib).
It is not something external.
The person to become Amritdhari must wear the five holy symbols.
Kesh (unshorn hair)
Kirpan ("sword", i.e. a small dagger worn on the person)
Kachehra (prescribed boxer shorts)
Kangha (comb tucked in the tied-up hair)
Karha (steel bracelet)
Brian McClendon (born 1964) is an American software designer, developer, and engineer.
He was a co-founder and angel investor in Keyhole, Inc.. Keyhole is a geospatial data visualization company that was purchased by Google in 2004.
Google bought it so they could create Google Earth.
He was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2015.
McClendon grew up in Lawrence, Kansas.
His childhood home, Meadowbrook Apartments in Lawrence, is the default center point of Google Earth.
He graduated from Lawrence High School in 1982.
He graduated from the University of Kansas in 1986 with a degree in electrical engineering.
McClendon became a vice president at Google in 2004.
This was when Google purchased Keyhole.
Keyhole's main application suite, Earth Viewer, formed the basis of Google Earth.
He left Google to join Uber in June 2015.
He did this to work on mapping.
In March 2017, he quit Uber (though was still an adviser) to return to his hometown.
He said he was interested in Kansas politics.
In January 2018, he said he would run for Kansas Secretary of State as a Democrat.
He had no opponent in the primary election.
He was selected as the Democratic candidate.
He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate Scott Schwab.
NAE Profile
Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American engineer, business executive, and former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ford Motor Company.
He retired from Ford Motor Company on July 1, 2014.
Ford had been struggling during the late-2000s recession.
Mulally made it profitable again.
Because of him, Ford was the only American major car manufacturer to avoid a bailout fund given by the government.
On July 15, 2014, he was chosen to be on the Google Board of Directors.
Mulally was the executive vice president of Boeing and the CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA).
He started his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969.
He was mostly credited with BCA's :simple:wikt:resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s.
In 2015, Mulally was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
Mulally was born in Oakland, California.
He was the son of Lauraine Lizette (Clark) and Charles R. Mulally, who met at a USO dance.
Mulally grew up in his mother's hometown of Lawrence, Kansas.
This was where he was a member of Plymouth Congregational Church.
He considered Rev. Dale Turner "a mentor and an inspiration".
He used to sit at the front of the church to study the minister's influence on the congregation.
Mulally said that he was motivated at the age of 17 by president John F. Kennedy's challenge to send a man to the moon.
Mulally graduated from the University of Kansas.
It was also his mother's alma mater.
He graduated with Bachelor of Science (1968) and Master of Science (1969) degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering.
He was also a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.
Biography: Alan Mulally at Ford Motor Company
Alan Mulally's federal campaign contributions from Newsmeat
Lawrence High School (LHS) is a public secondary school in Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
It is operated by Unified School District 497.
It serves students of grades 9 to 12.
The school is one of the two public high schools located in the city.
Lawrence High had 1,260 students in the 2007–2008 school year.
The mascot is the "Chesty Lion".
Lawrence High School was created in 1857.
It was created to help educate Lawrence because there were a lot of people living there.
The first classes were held in the basement of a Unitarian Church.
Three years later, the school was moved to the current place of Liberty Memorial Central Middle School, on Massachusetts Street.
In 1930, the Lion became the school symbol.
In 1946, it made its official debut as the school mascot.
Lawrence High moved to its current place on Louisiana Street in 1954.
Currently Lawrence High has more than 100 state championships in various sports, one of the highest totals in the United States.
The first state championship was won in 1914 in boys basketball.
Due to the success of Lawrence High and the University of Kansas, Lawrence was featured as a candidate for Titletown, United States by ESPN.
The Lawrence High School Chesty Lions have 31 undefeated seasons in football.
The Chesty Lions won a High School Football National Championship in 1960.
From 1930–2008, games were played at Haskell Memorial Stadium.
Once the new football stadium was finished being built at Lawrence High School, the football team started playing games at the new stadium in 2009.
State Championships
^ predates KSHSAA playoffs and AP poll
+predates KSHSAA playoffs; ranked #1 in final AP poll
Erin Brockovich, had a movie made about her when she helped a town win a $333 million lawsuit because Pacific Gas and Electric Company had contaminated their water supply
Danny Manning, led the University of Kansas basketball team to the 1988 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament championship
Brian McClendon, Google Earth creator
Alan Mulally, former Ford Motors CEO
Sri Srinivasan, Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
The Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a well-known hospital in the Poissy and Saint-Germain-en-Laye, close to Paris.
It was created in 1997.
It is partner of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.
Manuel Delgado Parker (November 18, 1936 – 16 September 2019) was a Peruvian businessman.
He founded the media company Grupo RPP.
In 1990 Manuel founded the Society of Latin America Broadcasting, made up of the main radio networks of Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela Bolivia and Argentina.
He was responsible for leading Panamericana Televisión during the 1990s.
Peruvian businesspeople
Her career as a political reporter and analyst included working for National Public Radio and ABC News.
She also appeared on Morning Edition, The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, World News Tonight, and This Week.
In 2002, Roberts was diagnosed with breast cancer.
She died from problems of the disease in Washington, D.C. on September 17, 2019 at the age of 75.
Cokie Roberts Interview with Chris Matthews, Plum TV
Official biography – NPR
Recent NPR stories by Cokie Roberts – NPR
Video Interviews with Cokie Roberts – Charlie Rose
Women of Influence – National Endowment for the Humanities
1994 Commencement Speech – Wellesley College
Oral History of the U.S. House of Representatives – Cokie Roberts gives a first-hand account of growing up in the capital.
Thomas Hale Boggs Sr. (
February 15, 1914 – disappeared October 16, 1972) was an American Democratic politician and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Orleans, Louisiana.
He was the House majority leader and a member of the Warren Commission.
In October 1972, Boggs was travelling with congressman Nick Begich, of Alaska, and two others when the plane disappeared while flying from Anchorage to Juneau, Alaska.
He was declared dead in declared dead in absentia in December 1972.
Hale Boggs Telex — Debunked
A person may be legally declared dead , i.e. a legal presumption of death may be declared, despite without proof of the person's death, such as the finding of remains (e.g., a corpse or skeleton) of that person.
Such a declaration is usually made when a person has been missing for a long amount of time.
If there is lack of evidence that the person is still alive after a period of time, then they could be legally declared dead.
Amelia Earhart was declared dead in absentia.
For over a century, local boards were responsible for public education funding, standards, instruction, and results.
To a extent is still true.
At their height in the 1930s, there were as many as 127,500 boards.
Some rural states had more school board members than teachers.
Such boards looked over school systems serving agrarian and industrial economies.
In the U.S, public schools belong to school districts.
They are governed by school boards.
School districts in the Midwest and West often cross city borders.
School districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to stay inside of city, township, and/or county boundaries.
Yan, Wenfan (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). "
A Comparison of Rural School Districts" (Archive).
The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly.
September 2006.
"How Small Is Too Small?
An Analysis of School District Consolidation" (Archive).
Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) (Fiscal and policy advisor of the California Legislature).
2002 Census of Governments
U.S. School Districts Online
John William McCormack (December 21, 1891 – November 22, 1980) was an American politician and lawyer.
He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1928 through 1971.
He was the 45th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1962 until his 1971 retirement.
Special districts (also known as special service districts, special district governments, limited purpose entities,  or special-purpose districts in the United States) are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments.
They have a lot of independence in their administration and funding.
They are created to do a single task or a many similar tasks.
The U.S. Census Bureau says that school districts aren't special district governments.
In 2007, the U.S. had more than 37,000 special district governments.
Friedman, L. M. A history of American law. (
3rd).
Simon & Schuster: New York.
Krane, D., Rigos, P. N., and Hill, M. B. Home rule in America: A fifty-state handbook.
CQ Press.
Mergent's Municipal and Government Manual
Zimmerman, J. F. The New England town meeting.
Greenwood Publishing Group.
A Citizen's Guide to Special Districts in California
California Special Districts Association
U.S. Census Bureau/Governments Organization/Volume 1
Government Accounting Standards Board
2006 Government Finance and Employment Classification Manual, U.S. Census Bureau
2007 Governments Integrated Directory, U.S. Census Bureau
IRS tax-exempt bond information
Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington
Florida Department of Economic Opportunity, Special District Accountability Program
State and Local Government Review - current and past issues
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: Special Districts (HBO)
Joseph William Martin Jr. (November 3, 1884 – March 6, 1968) was an American politician.
He was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1947 to 1949 and 1953 to 1955.
He represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives from 1925 through 1967.
He was the only Republican become Speaker in a sixty-four year period from 1931 to 1995.
North Attleborough, alternatively spelled North Attleboro, is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
The population was 28,712 at the 2010 United States Census.
Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Roane County, Tennessee, United States.
This city is thirty-six miles southwest of Knoxville.
It had a population of 5,934 at the 2010 United States census.
Stanley Stair (October 1900 – April 2008) was the last British West Indies Regiment veteran.
He enlisted into the Infantry in 1918.
At the end of the war he was awarded the British War Medal and the Victory Medal.
James Robertson (May 18, 1938 – September 7, 2019) was an American politician and lawyer.
He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 1994 until his retirement in June 2010.
Robertson also was on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2002 until December 2005, when he resigned from that court in protest against warrantless wiretapping.
Henri de Contenson  (4 March 1926 – 8 September 2019) was a French archaeologist.
He was the Research Director at the CNRS, The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research), a research organization funded by France's Ministry of Research.
He was Assistant Director of archaeological digs in the Middle East from 1951 to 1976.
Sander "Sandy" Vanocur (; born Alexander Vinocur, January 8, 1928 – September 16, 2019) was an American television journalist and actor.
He focused on national electoral politics.
After leaving NBC in 1971, Vanocur worked for PBS and as a television writer for The Washington Post.
He joined ABC News in 1977 and worked there until 1991.
Vanocur hosted two of the History Channel's primetime series: Movies in Time and History's Business.
His work at NBC earned him a place on the Nixon administration's "enemies list".
He played himself in the 1994 television movie Without Warning.
Cynthia Cockburn (1934 – 12 September 2019) was a British academic, feminist journalist, and peace activist.
She was active in the international women's peace movement.
Cockburn was a visiting professor in the Department of Sociology at City University London and honorary professor in the Centre for the Study of Women and Gender at the University of Warwick.
Cockburn was widely published in academic journals, including in Feminist Review, Gender & Development, Journal of Classical Sociology, Peace in Process.
Women in Black - London
Dennis Edwards (19 January 1937 –  13 September 2019) was an English professional footballer.
He played as an inside forward in the Football League.
He played for Charlton Athletic, for whom he made over 170 appearances.
He also played league football for Portsmouth, Brentford and Aldershot.
He was a goalscorer in non-league football for Slough Town and Wycombe Wanderers.
He  capped by England at amateur level.
Denmead is a village in Hampshire near Portsmouth, England.
It is part of the City of Winchester district.
At the 2011 Census the population had increased to 6,736.
Hallmark Cards, Inc. is a private, family-owned American company in Kansas City, Missouri.
It was created in 1910 by Joyce Hall.
Hallmark is the oldest and biggest manufacturer of greeting cards in the United States.
In 1985, the company was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
Worldwide, Hallmark has over 27,000 employees; 20,000 of them work in the United States.
About 5,600 of them are full-time employees.
About 2,700 Hallmark employees work at the Kansas City headquarters.
Hallmark Baby website
Ye Xuanping (; 20 December 1924 – 17 September 2019) was a Chinese politician.
He was Mayor of Guangzhou from 1985 to 1991 and Governor of Guangdong from 1985 to 1991.
Ye was born in Meixian, Guangdong.
Ye was a strong supporter of Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening policy.
Roane County is a county of the U.S. state of Tennessee.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 54,181.
Its county seat is Kingston.
Roane County is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Oz is a multiparadigm programming language, developed in the Programming Systems Lab at Université catholique de Louvain, for programming language education.
It has a canonical textbook: Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming.
Oz was first designed by Gert Smolka and his students in 1991.
INX Media case is the alleged money laundering case.
Former finance minister of India, his son and owners of INX media are main accused in this alleged scam.
When P Chidambaram was the finance minister of India then INX Media received fund of ₹305 crore (3050 million) while they were just allowed to receive only ₹4.62 crore (46 million).
In finance and economics, a monetary authority is the organization which controls the money supply of a currency.
Their goal is to control inflation, interest rates, real GDP or the unemployment rate.
With its monetary tools, a monetary authority is able to effectively influence the development of short-term interest rates for that currency.
However, they can also influence other things which control the cost and availability of money.
A monetary authority is usually a central bank or currency board.
Central banks usually have a some independence from the government and its political decisions.
However, depending on the political set-up, governments can sometimes have almost total control over monetary policy if they are allowed to influence or control their central bank.
The money supply (or money stock) is the total value of money available in an economy at a point of time.
There are many ways to define "money".
Normal measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits.
Each country’s central bank may use its own definitions of what they consider to be money for its purposes.
Money supply data is recorded and published.
It is done usually by the government or the central bank of the country.
Public and private sector analysts look at changes in the money supply.
This is because they believe that changes affect the price level of securities, inflation, the exchange rates and the business cycle.
Empirical measures in the United States Federal Reserve System
The different types of money are typically classified as "M"s.
The "M"s usually range from M0 (narrowest) to M3 (broadest) but which "M"s are actually focused on in policy formulation depends on the country's central bank.
The typical layout for each of the "M"s is as follows:
: In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, M0 includes bank reserves, so M0 is referred to as the monetary base, or narrow money.
MB: is referred to as the monetary base or total currency.