the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
She is best known for her hit role as Nikki Boston in the hugely popular BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2012–2014).
Her other notable roles include Anne Cullen in the long-running ITV soap opera Emmerdale (1997), Sally 'Gracie' Fields in ITV's long-running drama series London's Burning (1998–2002), Becca Gallagher in the ITV action drama series Ultimate Force (2005–2006), Fiona Murray in the BBC One Kay Mellor drama series The Chase (2006–2007), and Sam Murray in the BBC Scotland drama series Lip Service (2010–2012).
In 2021, she joined the cast of the BBC One soap opera EastEnders as Eve Unwin.
She has also acted in other long-running British television drama's such as The Bill, Casualty, Coronation Street, Heartbeat, Doctors and Holby City.
Victoria Bush (born 15 January 1978) is an English actress and comedian, most notable for her role as school secretary Sonya Donnegan in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2012–2015).
She is also known for her role as Tina O'Kane in the ITV prison-based drama series Bad Girls (2001–2006).
Her other credits include Casualty, Coronation Street, Doctors and Lee and Dean.
His first major TV role was as hospital porter Jimmy Powell in the BBC One medical drama series Casualty (1989–1992).
He then went on to portray Fusilier Dave Tucker in the ITV military drama series Soldier Soldier (1991–1995).
Between 2002 and 2008, he played Dr. Tony Hill in the ITV crime drama series Wire in the Blood.
As a TV presenter he has fronted shows such as Extreme Fishing with Robson Green, Robson's Extreme Fishing Challenge and Tales from Northumberland with Robson Green.
He currently plays Detective Inspector Geordie Keating on ITV's Grantchester.
He was one half of the singing duo Robson & Jerome, who had several No.
1 singles in the 1990s.
The largest Sammarinese-American communities are in Michigan, mostly in the cities of Troy and Detroit.
Sammarinese immigrants in Troy established institutions such as the San Marino Club and Re Monti Stentorian.
Sarah Hadland (born 15 May 1971) is an English actress.
She is best known for her roles as Stevie Sutton in the BBC One BAFTA-nominated comedy series Miranda (2009–2015), Linda Radleigh in the hit BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2011–2012), and Trish in the ITV comedy series The Job Lot (2013–2015).
Hadland appeared as the Ocean Sky receptionist in the 2008 James Bond film Quantum of Solace.
Her other movie roles include Magicians, Learners (both 2007), and Leap Year (2010).
Hadland appeared in the ITV comedy-drama television series Moving Wallpaper as script writer Gillian McGovern (2008–2009), and had roles in the British comedy TV shows That Mitchell and Webb Look (2008–2010), Horrible Histories (2009–2010, 2012–2013), and Brotherhood (2015).
In 2016, she appeared in the BBC mini-series The Moonstone.
Russian Americans are Americans who can trace their ancestry to Russia, the former Russian Empire, or the former Soviet Union.
In geometry, every polyhedron is related to a dual polyhedron.
The vertices (points) of one polyhedron match with the faces (flat surfaces) of the other.
The edges connecting vertices in one polyhedron match with the edges connecting faces of the other.
Of the five platonic polyhedra, only the tetrahedron is dual to itself.
The cube and octahedron are dual, and the dodecahedron and icosahedron are dual.
Ocean Spray is an American agricultural cooperative.
It is headquartered in Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
It has over 700 growers of grapefruit and cranberries in Florida, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Oregon and Washington.
Ocean Spray's cranberry juice won the ChefsBestAward for Best Taste.
It also made dried raisins (Craisins).
DWSM (102.7 FM), branded as 102.7 Star FM, is a 24/7 music/news FM radio station.
It is owned and operated by People's Broadcasting Service, Inc. in the Philippines.
The station is an affliate station of the Bombo Radyo Holdings, Inc. The studio, office and transmitter is in Unit D, 18th floor, Strata 2000 Building, F. Ortigas Jr. Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City.
Its news studios is on the Florete Bldg.,
2406 Nobel corner Edison Streets, Makati City.
Star FM website
In geometry, a triangle center is a point that can be called the middle of a triangle.
There are many ways of measuring the center of a triangle, and each has a different name.
On an equilateral triangle, every triangle center is the same, but on other triangles, the centers are different.
Triangle centers may be inside or outside the triangle.
Ancient Greek mathematicians discovered four: the centroid, circumcenter, incenter, and orthocenter.
Today, mathematicians have discovered over 40,000 triangle centers.
They are listed in the Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, which is run by Clark Kimberling at the University of Evansville.
Properties of a center
A triangle center is a function of the three vertices (corners) of the triangle.
Each triangle center has two properties in common.
2) Bisymmetry: It must not be important to the function which vertex (corner) comes first, second, or third.
For example, a center of points A, B, and C must be the same as that center of points A, C, and B.
Some triangle centers
Centroid - the point where the three medians intersect.
A median is the line from a vertex to the midpoint (middle) of the opposite edge.
Circumcenter - the point where the perpendicular bisectors of the three edges intersect.
A perpendicular bisector is a line which crosses the middle of the edge (bisects the edge), and is perpendicular to the edge.
The circumcenter is also the center of the circle that passes through all three vertices.
Incenter - the point where the three angle bisectors intersect.
An angle bisector is a line which cuts an angle into two equal parts.
The incenter is also the center of a circle which touches all three edges.
Orthocenter - the point where the three altitudes intersect.
An altitude is a line which passes through a vertex and is perpendicular to the opposite edge.
Nine-point center - the center of a circle, called the nine-point circle, which passes through nine points.
Three of the points are the midpoints of the edges.
Three of the points are the feet of  the altitudes (the place where each altitude meets an edge).
Three of the points are in the middle between the orthocenter and each vertex.
Fermat point - the point such that the sum of the distances to the vertices is as small as it can be.
Triangle Centers and the Euler Line - Construction and Proofs
DWLS (97.1 FM), branded as Barangay LS 97.1, is a 24/7 Top 40 (CHR)/OPM
/K-Pop FM radio station.
It is owned and operated by RGMA (Radio GMA) in the Philippines.
It is an affliate station of GMA Network, Inc. The studio is in  GMA Network Center Complex, EDSA corner, Timog Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City.
Its transmitter is on the GMA Tower of Power Barangay Culiat, Tandang Sora, Quezon City, Philippines.
Barangay LS website
In geometry, dilation (also called homothety or homothetic transformation) is the process which changes the size of a figure without changing its shape, a type of transformation.
Any figure and its image after dilation are similar to each other.
Dilation is defined by a point V, the center of dilation, and a number k, the ratio.
Given a point P in the plane, its image P' (P prime) is on the line VP.
The distance from P' to V is k times the distance from P to V.
https://brilliant.org/wiki/euclidean-geometry-homothety/
Diana Hyland (January 25, 1936 – March 27, 1977) was an American television, stage and movie actress.
She played Joan Bradford in the television series Eight is Enough.
She also played Adrianna Prescott in Happy Days.
Hyland began acting in 1955 at age 19.
She appeared in television series, including Eleventh Hour, The Invaders and The Twilight Zone.
In Peyton Place, she played Susan Winter.
Hyland was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio.
She died of breast cancer in Los Angeles, California at age 41.
Alec Newman (born 27 November 1974) is a Scottish actor.
He is best known for portraying Paul Atreides in the Sci Fi Channel's 2000 mini-series adaptation of Frank Herbert's Dune.
On 30 May 2011, it was announced that Newman had joined the cast of the hit BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road in the role of the new head teacher, Michael Byrne.
He completed series 7 and 8 as the character, leaving the show in early 2013, after the school was handed over to the council in a show storyline, leading to Newman's character to step down as head teacher.
In February 2013, Newman became engaged to Heather Stewart.
They married in Ayrshire in June 2014.
Elaine Symons (born 4 December 1974) is an Irish actress, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
She is best known for her role as alcoholic mother-of-five Rose Kelly in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road, which she played from 2009 to 2011.
Emma Jaye Jacobs (born 27 May 1982), known professionally as Jaye Jacobs, is an English actress.
She is known for portraying the roles of Donna Jackson in the BBC One medical drama series Holby City (2004–2011, 2017–present), Deputy headteacher and science teacher Sian Diamond in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2011–2013), and Amber in the CBBC children's sitcom Millie Inbetween (2014–2018).
Daniela Jolanta Denby-Ashe (born 9 August 1978) is an English actress.
Her notable credits include Sarah Hills in the long-running BBC One soap opera EastEnders (1995–1999), Margaret Hale in the BBC One period drama series North & South (2004), and Janey Harper in the BBC One sitcom My Family (2000–2002, 2004–2011).
She also played Lorraine Donnegan in the hit BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2012–2013).
Karen Shenaz David (born 15 April 1979) is an Indian-Canadian-British actress, singer, and songwriter.
She is best known for portraying Princess Isabella Maria Lucia Elizabetta of Valencia in ABC's fairytale-themed musical-comedy series Galavant (2015–2016), as well as the Head of Spanish Cesca Montoya in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2010–2011), and Layla in the American action film The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior (2008).
She starred as Angela in the ITV comedy-drama series Cold Feet (2016), and played Princess Jasmine (from Aladdin) in the American fantasy adventure drama series Once Upon a Time (2016–2017).
From 2011 to 2012, David starred in Pixelface, a CBBC children's series, where she played Alexia, the glamorous legend hunter.
She had a recurring role on The CW's Legacies as Emma, a guidance counselor and witch (2018–2019), and currently appears in the regular role of Grace Mukherjee in American post-apocalyptic horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead (2019–present).
David was born in Shillong, Meghalaya, India, Her mother is Khasi and half Chinese, whereas her father is an Indian-Jewish.
She was raised in Canada and then at age 17, David moved to London, United Kingdom to study at the Guildford School of Acting.
The White House national climate advisor is a proposed government job within the White House Office.
It was created when President Joe Biden was inaugurated on January 20, 2021.
On December 14, 2020, it was announced that Gina McCarthy, the former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under President Barack Obama, would be the first national climate advisor.
The New York deputy secretary of energy and environment, Ali Zaidi, was the first deputy national climate advisor.
Climate advisors
Holly Dunn (August 22, 1957 – November 14, 2016) was an American country music singer-songwriter.
She recorded for MTM Records from 1985 to 1988.
She recorded for Warner Bros. Records from 1988 to 1993.
She recorded for the River North Records from 1995 to 1997.
She released 10 studio albums and 19 singles.
Two of Dunn's releases "Are You Ever Gonna Love Me" and "You Really Had Me Going" hit #1 on the United States Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.
She is also known for "Maybe I Mean Yes" and "Daddy's Hands."
Dunn was born in San Antonio, Texas.
She died from ovarian cancer in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Zöe Elizabeth Lucker (born 11 April 1974) is an English actress.
She is known for her roles as Tanya Turner in the ITV drama series Footballers' Wives (2002–2006), Vanessa Gold in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders (2010–2011), Carol Barry in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2013–2014), and Reenie McQueen in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks (2015–2016).
Alexander Taraikovsky was shot and killed on August 10, 2020 in Minsk.
Alexander Vikhor died on August 12, 2020 in Gomel.
Artsyom Parukou died on August 16, 2020 in Minsk.
Konstantin Shishmakov was found dead on August 18, 2020 in Grodno region.
was shot by a serviceman of the 5th Spetsnaz Brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus, Captain Roman Gavrilov, on August 11, 2020, in Brest.
He died in a hospital in Minsk on August 19, 2020.
Raman Bandarenka died in a hospital in Minsk on November 12, 2020.
died in prison on May 21, 2021.
He was sentenced to serve five years in prison for taking part in protests.
Dmitry Stakhovsky did a suicide after an interrogation on May 25, 2021.
He was a person in a criminal case on riots.
He wrote some words before he died.
He named the Investigative Committee as the culprit of his death.
It printed a decision, supported by a very big number of people in the parliament, calling for an "independent and effective investigation" into the deaths of Alexander Taraikovsky, Alexander Vikhor, Artsyom Parukou, Gennady Shutov and Konstantin Shishmakov related to the protests.
It printed a decision, supported by a very big number of people in the parliament, calling for a "prompt, thorough, impartial and independent investigations into Raman Bandarenka’s death and the protest-related deaths of Alexander Taraikovsky, Alexander Vikhor, Artsyom Parukou, Gennady Shutov and Konstantin Shishmakov."
2020s deaths
Katsyaryna Barysevich (, ) (born on 2 August 1984 in Staryya Darohi, Minsk Region, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union) is a journalist from Belarus.
She worked for the website TUT.BY, European Radio for Belarus and other media.
She wrote about the death of Raman Bandarenka in 2020.
She was arrested on November 19, 2020, in Minsk.
On March 2, 2021, Barysevich was sentenced to serve a half-year in prison and to pay a fine for damages in 100 basic units for writing on the late Raman Bandarenka during the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests against Alexander Lukashenko.
On April 20, 2021, Minsk City Court said no to a request to call off or change the sentence.
On November 24, the human rights organization Amnesty International named her a prisoner of conscience in the Bandarenka matter.
It said that she is a political prisoner.
On July 14, 2021, she got the  from the  (organization that takes care of journalists).
On August 12, 2021, she got the .
Katsyaryna Barysevich's page on the website of the Viasna Human Rights Centre
Belarusian journalists
Political prisoners according to Viasna Human Rights Centre
The Keys of the Kingdom is a 1944 American drama movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1941 novel of the same name by A. J. Cronin.
It stars Gregory Peck, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, Roddy McDowall, Sir Cedric Hardwicke, Ruth Nelson, Edith Barrett, Peggy Ann Garner, Anne Revere and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1945.
The OnePlus 8 and OnePlus 8 Pro are flagship smartphones developed by OnePlus.
They were presented on 14 April 2020.
The start of sales in Ukraine took place on 6 May 2020.
The back panel and screen are made of Corning Gorilla Glass 5.
The side of smartphones is made of aluminum.
Below are the USB-C connector, speaker, microphone and slot under 2 SIM cards.
Above is the second microphone.
Volume control buttons are placed on the left side.
On the right side there is a sound mode switch and a smartphone lock button.
OnePlus 8 received the main triple camera 48 MP, f/1.8 (Wide-angle lens) + 16 MP, f/2.2 (ultra-wide) + 2 MP, f/2.4 (macro) with phase autofocus and optical stabilization.
The front camera received a resolution of 16 MP and an f/2.0 aperture (Wide-angle lens).
OnePlus 8 Pro received a main quad camera 48 MP, f/1.8 (Wide-angle lens) + 8 MP, f/2.0 (Telephoto lens) with 3x optical and 30x digital zoom + 48 MP, f/2.2 (ultra-wide) + 5 MP, f/2.4 (color filter) with phase and laser autofocus, and optical stabilization.
The front camera received a resolution of 16 MP and an f/2.5 aperture (wide angle).
Smartphones have received stereo speakers.
The role of the second speaker is spoken.
Smartphones are sold in 8/128 and 12/256 GB.
The OnePlus 8 received LPDDR4X type RAM and the OnePlus 8 Pro received LPDDR5.
The smartphones were released on OxygenOS 10 based on Android 10.
Have been upgraded to OxygenOS 11 based on Android 11.
It has been discovered that the OnePlus 8 Pro color filter camera can be seen through plastic, including clothing, creating an X-ray effect.
This is because the sensor lacks an IPR filter.
OnePlus later asked for an apology for "creating privacy issues and causing problems to OnePlus users and other network users" and temporarily disabled the filter on Chinese models from HydrogenOS.
OxygenOS 10.5.9 has disabled the filter worldwide.
However, OnePlus later stated that it was a mistake, and subsequently pulled the update.
With the upcoming update, the filter should return.
This feature was still available after enabling the ADB command.
OnePlus mobile phones
In the mid-1960s, she led eight Polish-Mongolian paleontological expeditions to the Gobi Desert.
She was the first woman to serve on the executive committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences.
Kielan-Jaworowska Z. 1969.
Hunting for dinosaurs.
"Treehouse of Horror IV" is the 5th episode of The Simpsons fifth season.
It is the 4th episode of the Treehouse of Horror series.
It was first broadcast on the Fox network on October 28, 1993.
The episode has three parts: "The Devil and Homer Simpson", "Terror at  Feet", and "Bart Simpson's Dracula".
The episode was written by Conan O'Brien, Bill Oakley, Josh Weinstein, Greg Daniels, Dan McGrath, and Bill Canterbury.
The episode has references of television shows (The Twilight Zone, Night Gallery, and Peanuts) and movies (The Devil and Daniel Webster, Bram Stoker's Dracula and The Lost Boys).
It got a a Nielsen rating of 14.5.
This means that about 13.6 million people watched the episode on October 28, 1993.
When it was first broadcast, it was the most watched show on the Fox network.
"I Wish it Could Be Christmas Everyday" is a Christmas song.
It was first sung by the British glam rock group Wizzard.
It was first released in December 1973.
The Kuatun frog, Latouche's frog, brown wood frog, or broad-folded frog ("Hylarana" latouchii) is a frog from China and Taiwan.
"Skinner's Sense of Snow" is the 8th episode of the 12th season of The Simpsons.
It was first shown on the Fox network on December 17, 2000.
The episode is about Springfield Elementary School being stuck in a snowstorm.
The episode's story came from an event in the episode writer's life.
The episode takes place in winter.
This made it harder for animators to make the animation of the episode.
The episode makes references to Smilla's Sense of Snow, The Deer Hunter, and Kristi Yamaguchi.
The Simpson family go to a circus show called Cirque de Purée (a parody of Cirque du Soleil).
However, a blizzard makes the circus have to stop.
All of the schools (except the one Bart and Lisa go to) close because of the blizzard.
Only some of the students go to the school during the blizzard.
Seymour Skinner and Groundskeeper Willie are the only people in the school's faculty that came.
Skinner puts a DVD in a movie projector.
When the DVD gets set on fire, the school day ends.
However, the blizzard causes snow to pile in front of the doors.
Nobody in the school is able to leave now.
Skinner gives the students apples and relish to make sure they are not hungry.
Nelson tries to get out of the school but Skinner will not let him.
Skinner tries to get respect from the students in a way that is similar to the U.S. Army.
Bart tries to make a tunnel in the snow so he can leave the school.
Skinner breaks the tunnel but gets stuck inside of the snow.
The students put Skinner in a big bag and take control of the school.
Homer and Ned get in a car to drive to the school.
Homer hits a fire hydrant with the car.
The water from the fire hydrant freezes and makes them stuck inside.
They start to get carbon monoxide poisoning from the large levels of carbon monoxide in the car.
Skinner uses a hamster to get everyone out of the school.
The hamster goes to Homer and Ned and breaks the car window.
The car hits a salt silo that falls next to the school.
The salt melts the snow, which makes the students now able to leave the school.
Superintendent Chalmers finds the school in a bad condition and is angry at Skinner until Bart tells him about the blizzard.
Homer starts to hallucinate from the carbon dioxide and sees Lisa as a camel.
"Skinner's Sense of Snow" was written by Tim Long.
Lance Kramer is the director of the episode.
The episode's story came from Long.
One time while he was a child, a blizzard hit Exeter, Ontario.
He was sad when he learned that every school was closed except for the one he went to.
Long was also stuck in the school with his teachers because of snow.
He said that "It was hellish, but then became a sweet thing".
He also said that many dads used snowmobiles to give them food while inside the school.
Matt Selman, a writer for the show, got the idea for the Simpson family to go to Cirque du Purée.
This idea became the beginning of the episode's story.
The episode's director, Lance Kramer, wanted the animators of the episode to watch a Cieque du Soleil show.
The animators did not watch one.
Mike Scully thought that the animators did a great job on animating the circus show.
The episode is set in the winter.
This made it harder for animators to animate than it is for other episodes.
Kramer said that "It just adds another element".
He shows this by talking about episodes that are set in winter:
The clothes on people have to move around if it is windy.
The snow has to stay consistent.
If there are big snowflakes showing, and then small snowflakes when it is snowing faster, it will not work.
The particles on the film were put in by a post-production team.
Scully said that the post-production team "never gets enough credit".
When Homer and Ned drive to the school, the song "Feel Like Makin' Love" by Bad Company plays.
The song "Rock and Roll All Nite" by Kiss was going to play but the show's staff did not get the permission to play it.
Mac McEntire from DVD Verdict thought that the episode was "outrageous" and a "standout" (better than others).
He said that the comedy about the "cool kids versus dorky adults" is the best part of the episode.
Matt Haigh of Den of Geek said that the episode is "gold" (good in quality).
Elizabeth Skipper from DVD Verdict says that episodes with Principal Skinner are a "sure thing" and that this episode was "no exception".
Colin Jacobsson of DVD Movie Guide called the episode "mediocre".
He thought that the episode's story was not as good as it could have been.
The 1950 British Grand Prix held at Silverstone was Round 1 of 7 in the 1950 Formula One Season.
Giuseppe Farina took Pole and the Race Win for Alfa Romeo.
– Includes 1 point for fastest lap
Note: Only the top five positions are listed.
Human sexual behavior refers to all the ways in which humans experience and live their sexuality.
It includes acts done alone, for example masturbation, and acts done with a partner.
Not all acts done with a partner are about sexual intercourse.
All these acts  usually result in sexual arousal.
Human sexual activity can also include things done to find new partners, or to attract their attention (for example courtship).
Yann Sommer (born 17 December 1988) is a Swiss professional footballer.
He plays as a goalkeeper for Borussia Mönchengladbach and the Swiss national team.
Swiss Challenge League: 2007–08
Liechtenstein Football Cup: 2007–08
Swiss Super League: 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
Swiss Cup: 2011–12
UEFA European Under-21 Championship runner-up: 2011
Credit Suisse Player of the Year: 2016, 2018
European green woodpecker, Picus viridis
Iberian green woodpecker, Picus sharpei
Japanese green woodpecker, Picus awokera
Cuban green woodpecker, 	 Xiphidiopicus percussus
Fussball Club Vaduz, commonly known as FC Vaduz, is a Liechtenstein football club that is based in Vaduz.
They play in the Swiss football league system.
They currently play in the Swiss Super League.
Liechtenstein Football Championship
Winners (1): 1936
Liechtenstein Football Cup
Winners (47) (World Record): 1948–49, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1984–85, 1986, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19
Runners-up (13): 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1954–55, 1971–72, 1976–77, 1983–84, 1986–87, 1990–91, 1996–97, 2011–12
Switzerland competitions
Swiss Challenge League (2nd tier)
Winners (3): 2002–03, 2007–08, 2013–14
Runners-up (3): 2003–04, 2004–05, 2019–20
Erster offizieller Fanclub 04
FC Vaduz Ostschweizer Fussballverband (Swiss Football League)
Sport in Liechtenstein
In geometry, a translation is a transformation that moves everything by the same distance in the same direction.
It does not change size or shape.
"The Otto Show" is the 22nd episode of The Simpsons 3rd season.
It was first broadcast on the Fox network on April 23, 1992.
Xiaomi Corporation (;  ) is a Chinese multinational electronics company founded in April 2010 and headquartered in Beijing.
Xiaomi makes and invests in smartphones, mobile apps, laptops, home appliances, bags, shoes, consumer electronics, and many other products.
Xiaomi is also the fourth company in the world after Apple, Samsung and Huawei to have self-developed mobile phone chip capabilities.
Xiaomi released its first smartphone in August 2011 and rapidly gained market share in China to become the country's largest smartphone company in 2014.
At the start of second quarter of 2018, Xiaomi was the world's fourth-largest smartphone manufacturer, leading in both the largest market, China, and the second-largest market, India.
Xiaomi later developed a wider range of consumer electronics, including a smart home (IoT) product ecosystem, which has connected more than 100 million smart devices and appliances.
Monthly active users (MAUs) of MIUI increased to 291.6 million in September 2019.
Xiaomi has 16,700 employees worldwide.
It has expanded to other markets including Greater China, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Russia, South Africa and most countries and regions in Southeast Asia and Europe.
According to Forbes, Lei Jun, the founder and CEO, has an estimated net worth of US$12.5 billion.
Xiaomi is the world's 4th most valuable technology start-up after receiving US$1.1 billion funding from investors, making Xiaomi's valuation more than US$46 billion.
Ranked 468th, Xiaomi is the youngest company on Fortune Global 500 list for 2019.
In 2019, Xiaomi's mobile phone shipments reached 125 million units, ranking fourth globally since 2018.
The company has been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since 2018.
Xiaomi () is the Chinese word for "millet".
In 2011 its CEO Lei Jun suggested there are more meanings than just the "millet and rice.
He linked the "Xiao" () part to the Buddhist concept that "a single grain of rice of a Buddhist is as great as a mountain," suggesting Xiaomi wants to work from the little things, instead of starting by striving for perfection, while "mi" () is an acronym for Mobile Internet and also Mission Impossible, referring to the obstacles encountered in starting the company.
He also stated that he thinks the name is cute.
In 2012 Lei Jun said that the name is about revolution and being able to bring innovation into a new area.
Xiaomi's new 'Rifle' processor has given weight to several sources linking the latter meaning to the Communist Party of China's "millet and rifle" (小米加步枪) revolutionary idiom during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Lei Jun, Xiaomi's CEO, said that the company prices the phone almost at bill-of-material prices, without compromising the component quality and performance compared to other premium smartphones.
It also profits by selling phone-related peripheral devices, smart home products, apps, online videos and themes.
According to Xiaomi's Hugo Barra in 2014, the company sees hardware sales as a means of delivering software and services in the long term, "We are an Internet and a software company much more than a hardware company."
However, financial data available at the time indicated that this is either wishful thinking or plans for the far future: 94% of the company's revenue came from mobile phone sales, an even higher proportion than Apple.
At first, to reduce overhead costs, Xiaomi did not own any physical stores, selling exclusively from its online store.
In recent years, they have opened 54 brick and mortar stores to combat the strategies of other low-cost competitors in Chinese markets.
It also did away with traditional advertising and relies on social networking services and word-of-mouth to publicize its products.
By keeping a tight control over its stock, Xiaomi is able to place cheaper batch orders as demand dictates.
Limited availability flash sales ensure that supply never outstrips demand and helps promote its products.
In contrast, traditional OEMs incur large upfront productions costs, which must be recouped by selling prices, in order to ship phones, some of which may not sell, out to retailers all around the world.
Xiaomi say that they listen closely to customer feedback, having them test out upcoming features themselves, and building an extensive online community.
Lei Jun described it this way, "When I was with Kingsoft, I had the opportunity to work with Nokia and Motorola, two mobile phone giants of their time.
One day, I pointed out to their R&D boss, some inadequacies.
After that, they merely acknowledged my input but never acted upon what I had said.
So I thought to myself, if I make a phone, you can tell me anything you wish for it or what's wrong.
If it is justifiable, we will work on it immediately.
I'll give you an update every week and you may even see your wishes come true within a week.
In practice, Xiaomi's product managers spend a lot of time browsing through the company's user forums.
Once a suggestion is picked up, it is quickly transferred to the engineers.
Therefore, features can turn from a mere concept to shipping products within a week.
The company then ships a new batch of phones out every week on Tuesday at noon Beijing time, containing the new software builds and possible minor hardware tweaks.
Xiaomi calls this process "design as you build."
POCO is a sub-brand owned by the Chinese electronics company Xiaomi Corporation.
It was first announced in August 2018 as a mid-range smartphone line, and became a separate sub-brand of Xiaomi in 17 January 2020 with entry-level and mid-range devices, while Xiaomi itself produces upper-range and flagship Mi phones.
POCO phones use the Xiaomi MIUI user interface on top of Android.
In Q4 of 2018, the POCO F1 reportedly become the best selling smartphone sold online in India, beating competition such as the OnePlus 6.
The Pocophone was sometimes referred to as the "flagship killer killer" for offering high-end specifications at an affordable price.
The first POCO phone was released in 2018 in India on Xiaomi's website.
It instantly became a bestseller with 700,000 units sold until 6 December 2018, becoming the best selling smartphone sold online in India.
Xiaomi produces many products.
Observers suggest that part of Xiaomi's rapid success rests on its ability to differentiate itself within the Android universe.
The company has increased its range of products; its smartphones include: Mi Series, Mi Note Series (got a new update after 3 years, with the Mi Note 10 Pro), Mi Max Series, Mi Mix Series, Redmi and POCO Series.
As well as mobile phones, Xiaomi has started selling wearables, mobile accessories, and appliances such as television and speakers.
In 2018 it was selling tablets, laptops, and smart-home devices.
Xiaomi operates on a vertically-integrated model that enables the company to sell hardware at cost or below in order to attract users and earn money by selling content.
Hugo Barra, a former Google executive who served Xiaomi's vice president from 2014 to 2017, characterized the organization as "an Internet and a software company much more than a hardware company".
Xiaomi also keeps its prices low or close to its manufacturing costs by keeping most of its products in the market longer, eighteen months rather than the six-month norm followed by many smartphone companies.
Xiaomi said they sell their phones close to cost and intends to make profit on services.
The company's version of the Android operating system and MIUI skin, with its design, app marketplace, and functionalities, has established a community of users who form a crucial part of Xiaomi's customer base and contribute to the company's drive for market awareness.
This ecosystem is a massive source of revenue as indicated in 2015, when sales from the platform reached $750 million.
The company focuses on India, the world's second-largest smartphone market.
Xiaomi announced on 2 May 2018, the launch of Mi Music and Mi Video to offer "value-added internet services" in India.
On 22 March 2017, Xiaomi announced that it planned to set up a second manufacturing unit in India in partnership with contract manufacturer Foxconn.
On 7 August 2018, Xiaomi announced on its blog that Holitech Technology Co. Ltd., Xiaomi's top supplier, would invest up to $200 million over the next three years to set up a major new plant in India.
In April 2019, researchers at Check Point found a security breach in Xiaomi phone apps.
The security flaw was reported to be preinstalled.
In December 2020, Xiaomi collaborates with award-winning photographer Steve McCurry, to promote the photographic capabilities of the Mi 10T Pro handset.
The brand’s ‘My Unsung Hero’ campaign features images captured on the Mi 10T Pro.
GPL violation
Xiaomi was unfavorably covered for its non-compliance with the terms of the GNU GPL.
The Android project's Linux kernel is licensed under the copyleft terms of the GPL, which requires Xiaomi to distribute the complete source code of the Android kernel and device trees for every Android device it distributes.
By refusing to do so, or by unreasonably delaying these releases, Xiaomi is operating in violation of intellectual property law in China, as a WIPO state.
Prominent Android developer Francisco Franco publicly criticized Xiaomi's behaviour after repeated delays in the release of kernel source code.
Xiaomi in 2013 said that it would release the kernel code.
The kernel source code is available on the GitHub website.
Comparisons with Apple Inc.
Xiaomi has been compared to the American corporation Apple Inc., as reviewers found some of Xiaomi's phones and tablets similar in appearance to Apple's.
In addition, the marketing strategy of Xiaomi is at times described as riding on the back of the "cult of Apple".
It is reported that, after reading a book about Steve Jobs in college, Xiaomi's chairman and CEO, Lei Jun, carefully cultivated a Steve Jobs image, including jeans, dark shirts, and Jobs's announcement style at Xiaomi's earlier product announcements.
Given the above, he was categorized as a "counterfeit Jobs."
In 2012, the company was said to be counterfeiting Apple's philosophy and mindset.
In 2013, critics debated how much of Xiaomi's products were innovative, and how much of their innovation was just really good public relations.
Others point out that while there are similarities to Apple, the ability to customize the software based upon user preferences through the use of Google's Android operating system sets Xiaomi apart.
State administration of radio, film, and television issue
In November 2012, Xiaomi's smart set-top box stopped working one week after the launch due to the company having run afoul of China's State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television.
The regulatory issues were overcome in January 2013.
Hugo Barra
In August 2013, the company announced that it was hiring Hugo Barra from Google, where he served as vice president of product management for the Android platform.
Barra has declined to comment on the timing of the Google relationships, and stated that he had been in talks with Xiaomi for over a year prior to announcing the move.
He was employed as vice president of Xiaomi to expand the company outside of mainland China, making Xiaomi the first company selling smartphones to poach a senior staffer from Google's Android team.
Barra's focus was to help Xiaomi grow internationally.
Privacy concerns and alleged data theft
Xiaomi's cloud storage service Mi Cloud stores all user data in its servers in China.
As a company based in China, it is must share data with the Chinese government under the China Internet Security Law and National Intelligence Law.
Xiaomi's Cloud messaging service sent some private data, including call logs and contact information, to Xiaomi servers.
Xiaomi later released an MIUI update that made cloud messaging optional and that no private data was sent to Xiaomi servers if the cloud messaging service was turned off.
In October 2014, Xiaomi announced that they were setting up servers outside of China for international users, citing improved services and compliance to regulations in several nations.
Around the same time, the Indian Air Force warned against Xiaomi phones, stating that they were a national threat as they sent user data to an agency of the Chinese government.
On 30 April 2020, Forbes reported that Xiaomi extensively tracks use of its browsers, including private browser activity, phone metadata, and device navigation, and more alarmingly, without secure encryption or anonymization, more invasively and to a greater extent than mainstream browsers.
Xiaomi disputed the claims, while affirming that it did extensively collect browsing data, and claiming that the data was not linked to any individuals and that consumers had consented to being tracked.
Xiaomi later posted a response stating that the collection of aggregated usage statistics data is used for internal analysis, and would not link any personally identifiable information to any of this data.
However after a followup by the report's originator, Gabriel Cirlig, Xiaomi backed down and added an option to completely stop the information leak when using their browser in incognito mode.
Sales numbers
The Taiwanese Fair Trade Commission had investigated the flash sales and found that Xiaomi had sold fewer smartphones than advertised.
In December 2014, three flash sales were investigated.
In those flash sales Xiaomi claimed that the number of smartphones sold was 10,000 units each for the first two sales, and 8,000 units for the third one.
However, FTC investigated the claims and found that Xiaomi sold 9,339 devices in the first flash sale, 9,492 units in the second one, and 7,389 for the third.
It was found that during the first flash sale, Xiaomi had given 1,750 priority ‘F-codes’ to people who could place their orders without having to go through the flash sale, thus diminishing the stock that was publicly available.
The FTC fined Xiaomi .
Temporary ban and criticism in India
On 9 December 2014, the High Court of Delhi granted an ex parte injunction that banned the import and sale of Xiaomi products in India.
The injunction was issued in response to a complaint filed by Ericsson in connection with the infringement of its patent licensed under FRAND (Fair, Reasonable and Non Discriminatory Licensing).
The injunction was applicable until 5 February 2015, the date on which the High Court was scheduled to summon both parties for a formal hearing of the case.
On 16 December, the High Court granted permission to Xiaomi to sell its devices running on a Qualcomm-based processor until 8 January 2015.
Following that, Xiaomi held various sales on Flipkart, including one on 30 December 2014.
Following that sale, the company received press coverage after its flagship Xiaomi Redmi Note 4G phone sold out in six seconds.
A judge extended the division bench's interim order, allowing Xiaomi to continue the sale of Qualcomm chipset-based handsets until March 2018.
Security and Privacy Concerns
Security Issues in Indian and certain overseas versions of MIUI
In April 2019, Indian security researcher Arif Khan discovered a security vulnerability affecting the Indian and certain global versions of MIUI's native browser application - Mi Browser and Mint Browser, which is also developed by Xiaomi, both of which were based on the same browser engine, which was bypassed more than 2 times subsequently after Xiaomi fixed it.
Khan also found a URL Address Bar Spoofing vulnerability affecting only the Indian and certain overseas versions but not the Chinese version.
Again in the same month, Khan reportedly found another major lock screen bypass vulnerability affecting only the Indian version of MIUI which was using Glance, which allowed exfiltration of sensitive user data despite MIUI's lock screen protection, which was eventually fixed by Xiaomi after several media reports.
These events led to various speculations about the company's motives, and approach concerning the privacy and security of its users in its Indian and overseas markets.
List of Xiaomi products
Redmi
Xiaomi Smart Home
Xiaomi Mi Note 10 (he same Mi CC9 Pro in China) - smartphone developed by the company Xiaomi.
The first smartphone with a pent-up camera at 108 MP.
At the back is a pentakamer at 108 MP.
As of November 2019, it was the first smartphone with 5 cameras on the back and the first with a 108 MP camera.
The main camera is a Samsung S5KHMX (1/1.33 inch) sensor with a resolution of 108 MP and a light-power lens with 8 lenses (also for the first time in smartphones, but only in premium edition) with an F/1.69 aperture.
It has optical stabilization.
The fourth is a 5-megapixel telephoto lens with an F/2.0 aperture.
It has a 5-fold optical zoom (hybrid 50x) and optical stabilization.
Two dual LED flash units are on the right of the camera unit.
Two are ordinary and two soft warm light.
This allows you to take much better photos at night.
Camera ratings
DxOMark rated the smartphone cameras at huawei mate 30 Pro level, which costs twice as much.
Photos from Xiaomi Mi Note 10 received 130 points (Huawei — 132), and video from Xiaomi scored 102 points (Huawei only 100).
Xiaomi Mi Note 10 thus finished second after the Huawei Mate 30 Pro, pushing the samsung Galaxy Note 10+ 5G into third place.
The phone has a 6.47 inch OLED screen and Full HD+ resolution curved on the side edges.
The manufacturer calls it "hyperbolic" for advertising purposes.
The screen provides coverage of the DCI-P3 color space and is characterized by a contrast of 400 000:1.
Battery and charger
Differences between Mi Note 10 and Mi CC9 Pro
According to preliminary information, the difference only in the SoC is the Snapdragon 730G in the Mi Note 10, and the Mi CC9 Pro uses the Snapdragon 855.
The Mi Note 10 will be sold worldwide and the Mi CC9 Pro model will be sold in China.
In China, the phone was presented on November 5, 2019, on November 6, a presentation was held in Spain, 14 — in Poland.
In Ukraine, sales started on November 21, 2019.
Xiaomi Mi Note 3
Realme X2 Pro
Xiaomi mobile phones
Ivan V Alekseyevich (Russian: Иван V Алексеевич,  – ) was a joint Tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother Peter I) who co-reigned between 1682 and 1696.
Marcel Mauss (May 10, 1872 - February 10, 1950) was a French anthropologist and sociologist.
With a strong background in sociology, he began using ethnography to look at how different cultures build relationships.
He was also influenced by his nephew, another famous anthropologist, Émile Durkheim.
Mauss is known for his work on gifts and exchange, magic, sacrifice, the body, and comparing cultures.
Mauss’s most famous work is The Gift.
The Gift is about the ways gifts and exchanges build relationships.
Mauss is also known for influencing structural anthropologists such as Claude Lévi-Strauss.
Marcel Mauss was born in Épinal, France in 1872.
His parents were Gerson Mauss and Rosine (Durkheim) Mauss.
He was raised in a non-observant Jewish family.
In the early 1890s, Mauss went to the University of Bordeaux where he studied many subjects including religion and philosophy.
Later he moved to Paris, France where he studied at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (an important French research school).
In Paris, Mauss studied Sanskrit, Hebrew, history of religion, and other topics.
Mauss eventually became a professor at École Pratique des Hautes Études.
He taught about many different religions.
Mauss helped form the Institut d'ethnologie (Ethnology Institute) at the University of Paris in 1925 with Paul Rivet and Lucien Lévy-Bruhl.
He also was the chair of the sociology department at the Université de Paris from 1931-1939.
Tamati Ranapiri
Mauss’s theories about the role of gifts in Māori culture relied heavily on the information provided by Tamati Ranapiri.
Ranapiri was a Māori scholar who exchanged letters with ethnographer Elsdon Best.
Through these letters, Ranapiri explained how gifts were used to connect people in Māori society.
According to Ranapiri, gifts created commitment without force.
These commitments created by gifts made social relationships and bonds stronger.
Elsdon Best
Elsdon Best was an enthographer who studied the Māori people of New Zealand.
Mauss used Best’s letters and primary data to write his work about Māori gift giving.
Émile Durkheim was Marcel Mauss’s uncle as well as a professional influence.
The two worked together on many projects.
Durkheim and Mauss worked together to publish the book Primitive Classifications.
This book was a response to Immanuel Kant’s categories of understanding.
Durkheim and Mauss also worked together to publish articles in L’Année Sociologique.
L’Année Sociologique was a sociology journal created by Durkheim.
Henri Hubert
Mauss referred to Hubert as his "Siamese twin" and is also a co-author of many of Marcel's works.
In works that they are not co-authored, they cite each other.
As Mauss said "[e]verything I don't know, Mauss knows, and everything Mauss doesn't know, I know."
Their major works and theories were products of their teamwork, and therefore both greatly influenced each other.
Major wrks and theories
The Gift was published in 1925.
It was written partially in response to the Bolshevik Revolution.
In this book, Mauss argued that every society has both markets and money of some kind as well as altruism.
Mauss claims that gifts are a “total social fact” which have spiritual parts to them.
The Gift also examines gift giving traditions of some indigenous peoples.
Mauss writes about the Māori idea of “Hau."
He also talks about Potlatch, which was first practiced by indigenous groups in North America.
Mauss believed that gift giving can tell us a lot about social relationships.
He also believed that gift giving was connected to power.
Mauss claimed that there is no such thing as a free gift.
He thought every gift was part of an ongoing system of giving and receiving.
Sacrifice and The Body
Mauss saw sacrifice as a system of exchange as well.
In 1899, Mauss published Sacrifice: Its Nature and Functions with Henri Hubert.
This book compares many religious practices with a focus on sacrifice and the body.
Mauss and Hubert compared religions from many places and time periods.
They describe sacrifice as a system which involves both actions that are aimed towards a holy person or object and actions that are aimed away from a holy person or object.
Mauss and Hubert claimed that the body is the result of many different habits and qualities.
They claimed that a person is made up of certain actions that are performed through specific behaviors.
Mauss teamed up with Hubert again in 1902 to publish A General Theory of Magic.
In this book, Mauss and Hubert claimed that social events, rather than individual people, were magic.
This is another cross-cultural comparison, like Mauss and Hubert's work on sacrifice.
They claim that magic is a social experience.