the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
There is also a movie festival named after him.
There are also a number of school's in France that were named after Philipe.
In Germany, he is less respected as an actor.
However, a cultural center is named after him in Berlin.
Les Petites du Quai aux Fleurs (1944)
L'Idiot (1946)
Devil in the Flesh (1947)
La chartreuse de Parme (1948)
Une si jolie petite plage (1949)
La Ronde  (1950)
Juliette ou La clef des songes (1951)
Fanfan la Tulipe  (1952)
The Seven Deadly Sins (1952)
Les Belles de nuit (1952)
It Happened in the Park (1953)
Si Versailles m'était conté (1953)
Les Orgueilleux (1953)
The Red and the Black (1954)
Monsieur Ripois (1954)
Les Grandes Manœuvres (1955)
Si Paris nous était conté (1956)
Montparnasse 19 (1957)
Le Joueur (1958)
La Vie à deux (1958)
Les Liaisons dangereuses (1959)
La fièvre monte à El Pao (1959)
Le Petite Prince (1954)
Gérard Philipe at filmsdefrance.com
Gérard Philipe at Film Reference
Gérard Philipe A fan-maintained website
Actors from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp.
rapa) is a root vegetable.
It is found in temperate climates worldwide.
Smaller kinds of turnip are grown for human food.
Larger ones are grown to feed livestock.
In the north of England and Scotland, the name turnip, or neeps, are given to the larger turnips such as the yellow rutabagas.
They are called swedes father south.
Alternative Field Crop Manual: Turnip
The carotid artery is one of the major arteries of the human body.
It helps blood flow to and from a human's heart.
The Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus) was one of the largest deer that ever lived.
Its range extended across Eurasia, from Ireland to east of Lake Baikal and China.
The last known remains of the species have been carbon dated to about 7,700 years ago.
Most skeletons have been found in Irish bogs.
It was not closely related to either of the living species currently called elk  Alces alces (the European elk, or moose) or Cervus canadensis (the North American elk or wapiti).
For this reason, the name "Giant Deer" is sometimes used.
Megaloceros giganteus first appeared about 400,000 years ago.
It stood about  tall at the shoulders, and had the largest antlers of any known deer (a maximum of  from tip to tip and weighing up to ).
In body size, the Irish Elk matched the living moose subspecies (Alces alces gigas) as the largest known deer.
The Irish Elk got to a mass of  about , with large specimens having weighed  or more, roughly similar to the Alaskan Moose.
A significant collection of M. giganteus skeletons can be found at the Natural History Museum in Dublin.
Evolution of antler size
The size of Irish Elk antlers is distinctive, and several theories have arisen as to their evolution.
One theory was that their antlers, under constant and strong sexual selection, increased in size because males were using them in combat for access to females.
It was also suggested that they eventually became so unwieldy that the Irish Elk could not carry on the normal business of life and so became extinct.
This is simply nonsense, because no species survives that long if it is not effective in its habitat.
Also, many other Pleistocene megafauna went extinct within a few thousand years of the end of the ice age.
The Irish Elk is no different in that respect.
Larger deer species have antlers that are more than proportionately larger.
This is due to allometry, or differential growth rate of body size and antler size during development.
This suggests that the antlers of the species' ancestors were already large to begin with.
Gould concluded that the large antler size and their position on the skull was very much maintained by sexual selection.
Although they were ill-suited for combat between males, they were ideal to intimidate rivals or impress females.
Unlike other deer, M. giganteus did not even have to turn its head to present the antlers to best effect, but could do this by simply looking straight ahead.
Theories about the extinction of ice age megafauna are of two kinds.
One is that climate change was primary; the other claims that hunting by man was primary.
Probably both causes contributed.
High amounts of calcium and phosphate compounds are needed to form antlers, and therefore large quantities of these minerals are required for the massive structures of the Irish Elk.
The males (and male deer in general) met this requirement partly from their bones, replenishing them from food plants after the antlers were grown or reclaiming the nutrients from discarded antlers (as has been observed in extant deer).
Thus, in the antler growth phase, Giant Deer were suffering from a condition similar to osteoporosis.
When the climate changed at the end of the last glacial period, the vegetation in the animal's habitat also changed.
However, the most recent specimen of M. giganteus in northern Siberia, dated to 8,000 years ago – well after the end of the last glacial period – shows no sign of nutrient stress.
They come from a region with a continental climate where the proposed vegetation changes had not (yet) occurred.
The disappearance of the local populations of Irish Elk is not surprising, because as climate warmed they would be separated from each other by water.
The situation is less clear for the Irish Elk in continental Eurasia east of the Urals.
A combination of human presence along rivers and slow decrease in habitat quality in upland areas presented the last Irish Elk with the choice of either good habitat but considerable hunting pressure, or general absence of humans in a suboptimal habitat.
Many people have been killed for being a homosexual.
Killings of homosexuals are only practice in the Middle East and North Africa, where homosexuals are believed to be the reason for famines and other disastrous events.
In other parts of the world, homosexuals can be charged to life in prison to a warning from local police.
In some countries, homosexuals are given the right to be who they are and are protected by law.
John Atherton (1598-1640), Bishop of Waterford and Lismore
Jacopo Bonfadio (c1508-1550), Italian humanist and historian
Francesco Calcagno (1528-1550), Venician Franciscan friar.
Giovanni di Giovanni (1350-1365), 15 year old Italian boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite"
Lisbetha Olsdotter (died 1679), Swedish cross-dresser and early female soldier (disguised as a man).
Dominique Phinot (c1510-c1556), French composer of the Renaissance
Executed for homosexuality
1,112 and Counting is an essay that was written by novelist and playwright Larry Kramer in 1983.
It was published in the New York Native.
The newspaper is a gay daily newspaper for the LGBT community.
It was believed to be one of the first major essays to be written about the AIDS crisis.
The essay begins with the HIV death toll at the time.
Many homosexuals did not like the essay.
This was because the essay blamed them for the wide spread of the disease.
Many others did not like it because Kramer was accused of being a 'self-hating gay man'.
This was because of his novel Faggots which gave negative views on casual and anonymous sex.
The essay helped influence much of queer writing.
It also helped Kramer's reputation as an gay rights advocate.
The full text of "1,112 and Counting"
"Adam and Steve" is a phrase that was created from a conservative Christian slogan "God made Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve".
It was created to summarize Judeo-Christian bible-based arguments against homosexual practices or homosexuality.
The slogan also expresses that heterosexuality is the natural way of life for humanity.
The phrase appeared on a protest sign as early as 1977.
It was mentioned in a New York Times report about a November 19 rally in Houston, Texas that year.
In 1979, Jerry Falwell helped the phrase to become popular.
This happened after a press conference he held for Christianity Today.
Many LGBT people have made movies and plays based on the phrase.
Paul Rudnick wrote the play The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told, which has a gay couple named Adam and Steve.
In 2005, a gay movie was released with the title Adam & Steve.
Katha Pollitt, Adam and Steve — Together at Last, The Nation, 15 December 2003.
Latin music is a form of popular music played by from Latin America.
For practical purposes that includes the Spanish-speaking Caribbean.
Much Latin music is accompanied by song in Spanish.
Latin music is a part of world music, which is the study of popular and traditional music in all countries.
Also part of the story is the influence of Latin music in other parts of the world, especially North America.
In discussing Latin music these themes are extremely important:
Place: the country and sometimes the region of origin.
The former European colonial power and its policies
The culture of the former aboriginal inhabitants (the Indian tribes)
The culture of the slaves brought from Africa
Musical style.
For instance the church music will be different from art music, and different again from popular music.
In this article we shall be mostly concerned with popular music.
Peru had few African slaves.
Its colonial power was Spain, and its Indian culture was and is quite strong.
Most of the population is of Indian descent.
Brazil had many African slaves, especially in Bahia province, and today has many people of mixed descent.
Its colonial power was Portugal, and its people speak Portuguese, not Spanish.
It is also geographically a vastly different country from Peru.
The influence of Europe
The influence of Europe, and in particular Spain, to Latin music is as follows:
Not only does this allow music to be played by any groups who wish to, it enables composers to earn a living.
In turn, this encourages musicians to take the trouble to write down the music and get it published.
The published music also gives us a record of music which is no longer played regularly.
European musical instruments.
In every single South American and most Caribbean islands, the Spanish guitar is the most common instrument.
In addition, variations of the guitar such as the Cuban tres and the Puerto Rican quattro, are widespread.
Other important instruments are the cornet (later, the trumpet), the piano, the double bass, the violin and other instruments.
Systematic teaching for composers, musicians and singers began with the first cathedral in Cuba (in Santiago de Cuba).
The idea of systematic instruction is used widely today to get a kind of uniformity, so that a band can replace a musician with another one who can perform to a similar standard.
The influence of Africa
The influence of Africa comes mostly from the Yoruba, Dahomey and Congo peoples of that great continent.
Its importance in a Latin country varies according to the number of slaves imported to that country.
The freeing of slaves took place at various times from the middle to the end of the 19th century.
In Latin music its influence was
Percussion: most types of percussion, especially drums.
In Cuba there were originally about 100 different types of drum.
This has been watered down to only three in common use, the conga drums, the bongos, and the timbales.
The first two are of African origin.
Other examples of African percussion instruments are the clavés, and the shekeres.
Even more important is the extra weight given to percussion in almost any Afro-Latin group or orchestra.
It is common for a conjunto (musical group) of ten or 12 musicians to have half of them playing percussion, and for even the stringed instruments to be plucked rather than bowed.
Call and response in both music and song is normal.
A famous example is in the film Casablanca between Sam and the band in the song Knock On Wood:CALL: Who's got trouble?RESPONSE: We've got trouble!CALL: How much trouble?RESPONSE: Too much trouble!
Just as the Spanish brought the Catholic church, so the slaves brought their African religions, which today go by various names.
The word santería means the fusion of catholic saints and African spirits, so for example the African orisha (spirit) Babalú is the counterpart of the Catholic saint San Lazaro.
The Yoruban religion in Cuba is usually called regla de ocha, while the Brazilian version of the same religion is called conbomblé.
The relevance of this to music is that the ancient religions were not just a set of beliefs.
They were the centre of life in an uncertain world.
The slaves brought their beliefs, their dances, their music, their instruments and their ceremonies with them in their minds.
Where their masters allowed it, they reproduced the culture they had left behind.
And it has fed popular music in the Afro-Latin countries ever since.
Influence of the indigenous peoples
West of the Andes, the music is clearly influence by the indigenous Indian peoples.
The panpipes and flutes of Peru are distinctive, as is their most popular rhythms.
In Ecuador forms of the flute occur, but most of the music is influenced by the European waltz (as the pasillo) and by various Afro-Latin styles from the Caribbean.
Chile has the cueca, introduced in 1824.
It was the "most popular air of Chile".
Despite this, the influence of the indigenous Indian peoples on Latin music is much less noticeable than the influence of European and African music.
There are dozens of folk rhythms which survive, but usually they have had had little or no effect outside their particular locale, whereas the influence of the Spanish and African peoples is seen almost everywhere.
Even in the Argentine, the famous tango uses a rhythmical device known as the cinquillo.
This is a syncopated rhythm similar to that in the Cuban habanera.
Syncopation and polyrhythms are unmistakable signs of Africa.
The Argentine has a number of folktunes and rhythms of Indian origin, but the tango is dominant and the other rhythms are not.
Post-1970 in the U.S.A.
Lydia Mendoza (19162007), a singer of Mexican descent, became the first American-born Hispanic to record a song in Spanish (1928).
Hispanics recording music was rare during the early 1900s.
In 1960s, Tejano music (in Southern United States, Mexico), Spanish folk (in Spain), salsa (in Puerto Rico), cumbia (in South America), and bachata (in Dominican Republic) were the most popular forms of Latin music at the time.
In the 1970s, bolero became a popular music genre in Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rican singer Hector Lavoe became one of its important musicians.
In the United States, speaking Spanish was not well liked and many Hispanics were discriminated against for speaking Spanish.
Because of this, many children and young adults favored English music such as rock and roll and tried not to speak Spanish outside of their home.
In the 1980s, Latin music started becoming popular.
American music magazine, Billboard added several Latin music-categories.
These include Top Latin Albums, Regional Mexican Albums, Tropical Albums and the Latin Pop Albums chart.
Because of this, younger generations became interested in recording Latin music.
However, during the late 1980s, freestyle music became the most popular Latin music genre.
Freestyle music was rarely recorded in Spanish.
In the 1990s, artists including Selena, Gloria Estefan, Luis Miguel, and Thalía became popular in this decade.
They helped Latin music and recording Latin music popular for young children and adults.
Selena became the most popular Latin artist of the United States in 1995, when she was murdered at 23.
She became the first and only Latin artist to peak an album that contained mostly Spanish music at number one on the Billboard 200 chart.
At the time of her death, she was competing with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson with her album Dreaming of You (1995) which sold 3,000,000 copies its first year.
Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Marc Anthony, Ricky Martin, and Jennifer Lopez became popular in the mid and late 1990s.
In the 2000s, Latin music began to see a decrease of music sales.
Tejano music began to become unpopular, though its "Queen of Tejano music", Selena became the "Top Latin Artist of the Decade" by Billboard magazine in 1999.
Shakira, Ricky Martin, and Jennifer Lopez continued to become more popular and had number one singles and albums in the Billboard 200.
Marc Anthony, Aventura, Don Omar, and Enrique Iglesias remained popular in the Latin scene.
In the 2010s, Prince Royce, Pitbull, Romeo Santos, and Wisin & Yandel became popular during this decade.
Jennifer Lopez, Ricky Martin, and Shakira crossover into English music with some Spanish releases.
In the 2010s, bachata music became popular because of Prince Royce and Romeo Santos.
While reggaeton continued to dominate Latin music radios since the mid 2000s.
As of 2012, Selena remains the best-selling Latin artist with 60,000,000 copies sold worldwide.
Jennifer Lopez is second with 55,000,000 copies sold worldwide.
Usher is the debut album by American singer Usher.
It was released on August 30, 1994 on LaFace Records.
The album reached number 167 on the Billboard 200 chart.
It was given positive reviews from music critics.
"Think of You" is a sample of "Tidal Wave" recorded by Ronnie Laws.
Usher at Discogs
My Way is the second studio album by American singer Usher.
It was released by LaFace Records on September 16, 1997.
The album had three singles "Nice & Slow", "My Way" and "You Make Me Wanna...".
The album debuted at number 15 on the Billboard 200 chart.
It sold 66,000 copies the first week.
It also debuted at number four on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
It reached number one for three weeks.
My Way was then certified 6x Platinum for shipping 6,000,000 copies in the United States.
It also became his "breakthrough album".
Many music critics gave positive reviews for the album.
"Come Back" has a sample of "Funky" by the Ultramagnetic MCs.
"One Day You'll Be Mine" has a sample of "Footsteps in the Dark" by The Isley Brothers.
mtv.com page on My Way
8701 is the third studio album by American singer Usher.
It was released by Arista Records on August 7, 2001.
Recording the album took place in 2000 and 2001.
The album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 chart.
It sold 210,000 copies the first week.
In 18 weeks it sold 1,940,000 copies.
It has sold 4,700,000 copies in the United States.
The album has sold over 8,000,000 copies worldwide.
It was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA.
It reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Canadian Albums Chart.
In Australia, it was certified 2x Platinum and Platinum by the BPI.
The album was given positive reviews from music critics.
Many liked Usher's "matured voice" and the instruments Usher used to record the songs.
Credits for 8701 from Allmusic.
David Ashton – Assistant engineer
Producer, Instrumentation – Bryan-Michael Cox
Brian Garten – Engineer
Kevin Guarnieri – Engineer, Assistant Engineer
Performer – Puff Daddy
David Rideau – Engineer
Usher – Vocals
Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.
It was released on March 23, 2004 from Arista Records.
The album was recorded between 2003 and 2004.
It was produced by Jermaine Dupri, Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis, and Lil Jon.
Confessions is an R&B album with some hip hop and crunk styles.
The album's theme had controversy.
This was because of Usher's personal relationship.
Producer, Jermaine Dupri later said that the album is about Usher's personal story.
The album was a success in the United States.
It sold 1,095,000 copies the first week.
It continued to sell more copies because of its four singles.
A special edition version was released.
It had the hit single "My Boo".
This was to try and help the album sell more records and to stop bootlegging.
Some music critics gave a mixed review for the album's lyrics.
However, the album was given positive reviews.
The album also won several awards.
It won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album.
Confessions has sold 10,000,000 copies in the US.
It was certified diamond by the RIAA.
This means that the album shipped 10,000,000 copies.
Many music critics believe the album was Usher's "greatest works".
According to Billboard the album is the second best-selling album of the 2000s in the US.
The album debuted at number one on many music charts around the world.
It became the first album by Usher to do this.
Credits for Confessions from Allmusic.
Darcy Aldridge – Vocals (background)
Bobby Ross Avila – Guitar, Piano, Scratching, Strings, Keyboards, Vocals (bckgr), Producer, Drum Programming, Wurlitzer, Moog Bass
Dante E. Barton – Engineer
Jason Boyd – Vocal Producer
Valdez Brantley – Producer
Bryan-Michael Cox – Producer
Larry Cox – Keyboards
Ian Cross – Engineer
Kevin "KD" Davis – Engineer
Vidal Davis – Producer, Mixing
Jermaine Dupri – Producer, Mixing
E Bass – Guitar
Brian Frye – Engineer
John Frye – Mixing
Richard Furch – Mixing
Sandy Garrett – Vocals (bckgr), Vocal Producer
Serban Ghenea – Mixing
Andre Harris – Producer, Mixing
Rich Harrison – Producer, Instrumentation
Delicia Hassan – Production Coordination
Eddie Holland – Composer
John Horesco IV – Engineer, Assistant
Iz – Bass, Guitar, Percussion, Scratching, Drums, Keyboards, Producer, Moog Bass
Jimmy Jam – Producer, Fender Rhodes
LaMarquis Mark Jefferson – Bass
Darrale Jones – A&R
Just Blaze – Producer
L-Roc – Keyboards
James Lackey – Producer
Ken Lewis – Guitar, Engineer, Mixing
Terry Lewis – Producer
Anthony Mandler – Photography
Matt Marrin – Engineer
Tony Maserati – Mixing
Tadd Mingo – Assistant
Johnny "Natural" Najara – Producer
Paula Patton – Vocals (bckgr)
Mark Pitts – A&R
Usher Raymond – Vocals (bckgr), Producer, Executive Producer
Tim Roberts – Assistant
Donnie Scantz – Engineer
Jon Smeltz – Mixing
Jan Smith – Vocal Producer, Vocal Coach
Jonathon "Lil' Jon" Smith – Vocals (bckgr), Producer, Mixing
Aaron Spears – Producer
Patrice "ButtaPhly" Stewart – Vocals (bckgr)
Arthur "Buddy" Strong – Producer
Phil Tan – Mixing
Robin Thicke – Producer, Instrumentation
Ryan Toby – Vocal Producer
The Trak Starz – Engineer
Mark Vinten – Engineer
D.L. Warfield – Design, Layout Design
Ryan West – Engineer
Ghian Wright – Assistant
James "Big Jim" Wright – Bass, Producer, Wurlitzer
Confessions at Discogs
Confessions at Metacritic
Raymond v. Raymond is the sixth studio album by American singer Usher.
Recording the album happened between 2008 and 2010.
It was produced by Jermaine Dupri, The Runners, Ester Dean, Polow da Don, RedOne, Jim Jonsin, Danja, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Bangladesh, and Tricky Stewart.
The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart.
It sold 329,000 copies the first week.
It sold over 1,000,000 copies in the United States.
This means that the album shipped 1,000,000 copies in the United States.
Raymond v. Raymond released five singles.
These include the hit single "Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)", "Lil Freak", "There Goes My Baby", "OMG", and "More".
After the album was released, it was given mixed reviews from music critics.
Many music critics did not like the lyrics and the themes of the songs.
Others liked it.
The album won several awards.
It won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album and Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.
Usher went on his OMG Tour in 2011 to promote the album worldwide.
Credits for Raymond v. Raymond from Allmusic.
Kory Aaron – assistant
Marcella Araica – engineer
Alex Barajas – assistant
Ian Cross – engineer, mixing, vocal engineer
Aubry "Big Juice" Delaine – engineer
Dylan "3-D" Dresdow – mixing
Jermaine Dupri – mixing
Joe Gallagher – assistant
Conor Gilligan – assistant
Matty Green – assistant
Blake Harden – assistant
Kemal Harris – stylist
Patrick Hewlett – assistant
Gordon Hogan – assistant
Sam Holland – assistant
John Horesco IV – engineer
Bob Horn – mixing
Jaycen Joshua – mixing
Damien Lewis – assistant
Giancarlo Lino – assistant
Erik Madrid – assistant
Michael Makowski – assistant
Anthony Mandler – photography
Rob Marks – engineer
Frank Romano – guitar
Matt Marrin – engineer, mixing
Thurston McCrea – assistant
Andrew Mezzi – assistant
Brandon Middleton – assistant
Vernon Mungo – engineer
Brandon Parks – assistant
Nicole Patterson – make-up
Jonetta Patton – artist development
Karl Peterson – assistant
Mark Pitts – executive producer, A&R
Shawn Porter – groomer
Usher Raymond – executive producer
Rob Skipworth – engineer
Tim Sonnefeld – mixing
Brian Stanley – mixing
Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
Jay Stevenson – engineer
Matt Taylor – art direction, design
Miles Walker – engineer
Jason Wilkie – assistant
will.i.am – engineer
Tre Williams – engineer
James Wisner – engineer
Lauren Evans - background vocals
Raymond v. Raymond at Discogs
Raymond v. Raymond at Metacritic
Versus EP is the first extended play by American singer Usher.
It was released on August 24, 2010 on LaFace Records and Jive Records.
It was produced by Polow da Don, Jim Jonsin, Rico Love, Drumma Boy, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Tha Cornaboyz and Max Martin.
Versus was the "last chapter of Raymond v. Raymond".
The songs talked about Usher being a single father.
The EP debuted at number four on the Billboard 200.
It sold 46,000 copies the first week.
It became Usher's sixth top-ten album in the United States.
The album released two singles.
These include "Hot Tottie" and "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love".
Versus reached the top-20 in Canada, top-30 in France, top-40 in Germany, Belgium, and on the Dutch Albums Chart.
Many music critics did not like that album was a "pop" album.
However, it was given most positive reviews.
Credits for Versus from Allmusic.
The Avila Brothers - Producer
Bobby Ross Avila - Synthesizer, Bass, Guitar, Strings, Composer, Vocoder, Fender Rhodes
Issiah J. Avila - Composer
Walid Azami - Photography
Marc Benno - Composer
Charlie Bisharat - Strings
Benny Blanco - Drums, Keyboards, Programming, Remix Producer, Remix Engineer
Heather Bright - Composer
Al Burna - Vocal Engineer
Shawn Carter - Composer
Dru Castro - Harp
Lysa Cooper - Stylist
Tom Coyne - Mastering
Ian Cross - Engineer
Lisa D. Dandlinger - Strings
Paul Dawson - Composer
Ester Dean - Composer
Aubry "Big Juice" Delaine - Engineer
Aubry Delaine - Composer
Lamar Edwards - Keyboards
Lauren Evans - Vocals (bckgr)
Bernard Freeman - Composer
Serban Ghenea - Mixing
Christopher "Drumma Boy" Gholson - Composer, Programming, Producer
Matty Green - Assistant
John Hanes - Mixing
James Harris III - Composer
Jennifer L. Heilig - Strings
Patrick Hewlett - Assistant
Sam Holland - Engineer
Bob Horn - Mixing
Hot Sauce - Keyboards
Jimmy Jam - Strings, Producer
Jaycen Joshua - Mixing
Jamal Jones - Composer
Jim Jonsin - Keyboards, Programming, Producer
Josh Mosser - Engineer
Savan Kotecha - Composer
Songa Lee - Strings
Jeremy "J Boogs" Levin - Remix Production Coordinator
Terry Lewis - Composer, Producer
Giancarlo Lino - Assistant
Rico Love - Composer, Vocals, Producer
Ryon Lovett - Composer
Marjan Malakpour - Stylist
Rob Marks - Engineer, Mixing
Matt Marrin - Engineer
Max Martin - Composer, Producer, Instrumentation
Thurston McCrea - Assistant
Andrew Mezzi - Assistant
Danny Morris - Composer, Keyboards
Dwayne Nesmith - Composer, Keyboards, Programming, Producer
Alec Newell - Engineer
Anthony Palazole - Assistant
Joel Pargman - Strings
Alexander "Prettyboifresh" Parhm, Jr. - Composer, Producer
Nicole Patterson - Make-Up
Jonnetta Patton - Artist Development
Armando C. Perez - Composer
Mark Pitts - Executive Producer
Polow da Don - Producer
Shawn Porter - Groomer
Usher Raymond - Composer, Executive Producer
Jeremy Reeves - Composer
Tim Roberts - Assistant Engineer, Mixing Assistant
Frank Romano - Guitar, Composer
Ray Romulus - Composer
Leon Russell - Composer
Lisa Rydell - Art Direction, Design
James Scheffer - Composer
Shellback - Composer, Producer, Instrumentation
Rob Skipworth - Engineer
Brian Stanley - Mixing
Mark "Spike" Stent - Mixing
The Stereotypes - Vocal Producer
Jay Stevenson - Composer, Engineer, Mixing
Jeremy Stevenson - Engineer
Keith Thomas - Composer
Usher - Vocals (bckgr)
Jason Wilkie - Assistant
Tremaine Williams - Engineer
Evan Wilson - Strings
James Wisner - Engineer
Emily Wright - Engineer
Christine Wu - Strings
Andrew Wuepper - Assistant
Jonathan Yip - Composer
Versus at Metacritic
Sharon Marie Tate (January 23, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was an American actress.
She was married to movie director Roman Polanski.
Tate was born in Dallas, Texas on January 23, 1943.
She was the daughter of a career army officer.
So, her family had to move through various parts of the United States and Europe.
As a child, her parents placed her in a beauty contest and she won.
Tate made her movie debut in Eye of the Devil in 1965.
The movie producer, Martin Ransohoff, made a ten-minute documentary promoting her, called All Eyes on Sharon Tate.
Tate met Polanski while acting in his movie, The Fearless Vampire Killers.
That movie was a comedy mocking Hammer Horror movies.
Polanski married her in 1968.
She was also in the comedy Don't Make Waves in 1967.
In 1967, she was also in the movie Valley of the Dolls.
In 1969, she was in the spy comedy The Wrecking Crew.
Her last movie was an Italian slapstick comedy called 12+1.
In 1969, Tate was stabbed to death as a result of orders given by cult leader Charles Manson.
The acts (four people were murdered) were done by the members of Manson's group, known as The Family.
Nastassja Kinski (born January 24, 1961)is a German-born American movie actress who has been in more than 60 movies.
She is the daughter of German actor Klaus Kinski.
Her movie debut was in The Wrong Move in 1975 at the age of 13.
She starred in 1976 in To the Devil a Daughter.
She was also in a television episode of Tatort called Reifezeugnis in 1976.
That show was about a teenage girl in love with her teacher.
She was then in Boarding School in 1976.
She was also in Così come sei, also called Stay as You Are in 1978.
She won a Golden Globe Award for her role in Tess.
The most recent movie she was in was Inland Empire (2006).
At one point she dated Polish movie director Roman Polanski, who she met on the set of Tess.
She had a son with actor Vincent Spano.
In the mid-1980s, Kinski met Egyptian movie maker Ibrahim Moussa.
They married on September 10, 1984.
The marriage ended in 1992.
From 1992 until 1995, Kinski lived with musician Quincy Jones.
In 1993, their daughter was born.
Kinski's French language website
Looking 4 Myself is the seventh studio album by American singer Usher.
The album was released on RCA Records.
The album was produced by Diplo, Rico Love, Jim Jonsin, Salaam Remi, Pharrell Williams and Max Martin.
It features Rick Ross, Pharrell, Luke Steele, and A$AP Rocky as backing vocalist.
The music on the album are "revolutionary pop".
This was created by Usher in November 2011.
He wants to produce a sound that is similar to the current era of music.
This includes electronic, R&B, soul, hip hop, and pop.
The album released three singles.
These includes "Climax", "Scream", and "Lemme See".
The song "Climax" reached the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
However, it reached number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for ten weeks.
The song "Scream" reached the top 10 on the Hot 100.
Usher promoted the album.
He done this by performing in the off-broadway show Fuerza Bruta: Look Up.
He also performed the songs on the album at other shows and events including on Saturday Night Live, Good Morning America, and Capital FM Summer Time Ball.
After its release, the album was given positive reviews.
Most reviews liked that the album had different music genres.
Others did not like it.
However, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart.
It sold 128,000 copies the first week.
It then became Usher's fourth number one album.
However, the sales of the first week were the lowest since Usher's My Way album (1997).
Credits for Looking 4 Myself from Allmusic.
Usher Raymond IV - Executive Producer
Mark Pitts - Executive Producer, A&R
Jen Bui - Management
Mr. Morgan - Management
Kory Aaron - Assistant
Diego Avendaño - Assistant
Liz Bauer - Assistant
Delbert Bowers - Assistant
Nathan Burgess - Assistant
Thomas Cullison - Assistant
Jacob Dennis - Assistant
Alex Fremin - Assistant
Chris Galland - Assistant
Phil Joly - Assistant
Jaime Martinez - Assistant
Dana Richard - Assistant
Ramon Rivas - Assistant
Ed Sanders - Assistant
Max Unruh - Assistant
Jorge Velasco - Assistant
Randy Warnken - Assistant
Eric Weaver - Assistant
Matt Huber - Assistant
Usher Raymond IV - Primary Artist
Rick Ross - Featured Artist
Luke Steele - Featured Artist
Rico Love - Vocals
Mashanda Huskey - Vocals
Max Martin - Vocals (Background)
Francesco Carrozzini - Photography
Curtis Smith - Groomer
Ron Croudy - Art Direction
Frank Zuber - Art Direction
David Royer - Stylist
Nicole Patterson - Make-Up
Andre Bowman - Bass
Jim Jonsin - Keyboards
Stephen Coleman - String Arrangements
Czech Film Orchestra - Strings
Vincent Henry - Saxophone
Pierre Medor - Keyboards
Daniel Morris - Keyboards
Nico Muhly - Piano, String Arrangements, Strings
Ariel Rechtshaid - Keyboards
Shellback - Keyboards
Salaam Remi - Bass, Drums, Guitar, Keyboards
Frank Romano - Guitar
Aaron Spears - Drums, Percussion
Juan Najera - Composer
Wesley Pentz - Composer
Carl Thompson - Composer
Christopher Wallace - Composer
Pharrell Williams - Composer
Lundon "Da Bridge" Knighten - Composer
Savan Kotecha - Composer
Terry Lewis - Composer
Eric Bellinger - Composer
Sidney Brown - Composer
Sean Combs - Composer
Reginald Ellis - Composer
Sean Fenton - Composer
William M. Joel - Composer
Nathaniel Hills - Composer
William Roberts - Composer
James Scheffer - Composer
Ryon Lovett - Composer
Klas Åhlund - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Axel Hedfors - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Steve Angello - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Keith Harris - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Sebastian Ingrosso - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Alessandro Lindblad - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
will.i.am - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Marcella "Ms. Lago" Araica - Composer, Mixing
Kevin Cossom - Composer, Vocal Producer
Shellback - Composer, Producer, Programming
Eric Goudy II - Composer, Drum Programming
Earl Hood - Composer, Drum Programming
Frank Romano - Composer,  Producer
Rico Love - Composer, Producer
Max Martin - Composer, Producer
Pierre Medor - Composer, Producer
Nickolas Marzouca - Composer, Engineer, Mixing
Daniel Morris - Composer, Programming
Usher Raymond IV - Composer, Liner Notes
Ariel Rechtshaid - Composer, Synthesizer
Andrew Coleman - Arranger, Digital Editing, Engineer
Tom Coyne - Mastering
Diplo - Producer
Swedish House Mafia - Producer
Jim Jonsin - Producer, Programming
Gleyder "Gee" Disla - Engineer
Mark "Exit" Goodchild - Engineer
John Hanes - Engineer
Matt Huber - Engineer
Sam Holland Såklart - Engineer
Phil Seaford - Assistant Engineer
Dylan Dresdow - Mixing
Serban Ghenea - Mixing
Robert Marks - Mixing
Manny Marroquin - Mixing
Noel "Gadget" Campbell - Mixing
Salaam Remi - Arranger, Composer, Producer
Noah Shebib - Arranger, Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Looking 4 Myself at Discogs
Looking 4 Myself at Metacritic
Live is a live album by American singer Usher.
It was recorded on October 15 and 16, 1998 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
It was released on March 23, 1999 on LaFace Records.
The album was released in audio-only and video versions.
It was released because Usher's last album My Way was released in 1997.
Live was filling the gap between his albums.
Live was given mixed to negative reviews.
Many critics did not like the "poor live sound" of Usher's voice.
Live reached number 73 on the Billboard 200.
It also reached number 30 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
On the Top Music Videos chart, Live reached number 3.
The album has sold over 200,000 copies in the United States.
Both the audio ans video versions were gold by the RIAA.
This means that 500,000 copies of the album were shipped in the United States.
"Can U Get wit It" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was the lead single from his debut album Usher (1994).
It reached at number 59 on the Billboard Hot 100.
It also reached number 91 on the UK Singles Chart.
The song was produced by Jodeci's DeVante Swing.
Can U Get Wit It [Extended Edit] 6:58
Can U Get Wit It [Album Version] 4:56
Can U Get Wit It [Instrumental - Album Version] 4:58
Can U Get Wit It [TV track] 5:00
"Can U Get Wit It" [Radio Edit] 4:15
"Can U Get Wit It" [Alternate Radio Edit] 4:14
"Can U Get Wit It" [Gangsta Lean Edit] 5:49
"Can U Get Wit It" [Extended Edit]  6:58
"Think of You" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released as the second single from his debut album Usher (1994).
Usher co-wrote the song along with Donell Jones and Faith Evans.
It is a sample of jazz singer Ronnie Law's song "Tidal Wave".
The song did better than the single "Can U Get wit It".
It reached number seven on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
It also reached number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. "
Think of You" also got to number 70 on the UK Singles Chart.
The music video features Taral Hicks, who Usher is singing to.
Think Of You [So So Def Extended Mix] 5:10
Think Of You [Album Instrumental] 3:48
Think Of You [Album Mix] 3:48
Think Of You [Bad Boy Remix] 4:16)
Think Of You [Bad Boy Instrumental] 4:16
Think Of You [So So Def Acapella] 3:38
"Think of You" [Album Version]
"Think of You" [So So Def Remix]
"Think of You" [So So Def Extended Mix]
"Think of You" [Album Instrumental]
"Think of You" [Bad Boy Remix]
In algebra and calculus, the complex plane is used to help visualize complex numbers.
The vertical line is called the imaginary axis, and the horizontal line is called the real axis.
Any complex number can be written as a+bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i is the principal square root of -1.
In the complex plane, you go a spaces on the real axis, and b spaces on the imaginary axis.
The complex plane can also be expressed in the form of polar coordinates, where the size of the line is equal to the square root of a squared plus b squared, and the direction is an angle.
The complex plane can be used to draw the graphs of some functions, called complex functions, that can be used to study all kinds of things, like cars, airplanes, atoms and electricity.
Complex conjugates
Every complex number z=a+bi has a complex conjugate.
It is written as  and is equal to a-bi.
The complex number and its conjugate can be represented on the complex plane—as mirror opposites about the real axis.
"The Many Ways" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released as the last single from his debut album Usher (1994).
The song did not do so well on the music charts.
It reached at number 42 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart.
It did not chart on the Hot 100.
Many Ways [Album Version]
Many Ways [Radio Version]
Many Ways [Album Instrumental]
"You Make Me Wanna..." is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released by LaFace Records and Arista Records on August 5, 1997.
It became the lead single from Usher's second album My Way (1997).
The song was written by Usher and Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal.
Dupri and Seal produced the song.
The song is written in the key of E major.
It is an R&B, soul, and pop ballad song.
The song's instruments are the acoustic guitar, hi-hat, and bells.
The song is about a relationship between Usher, his girlfriend, and her best friend, who Usher really likes.
Usher uses a pick-up line "You make me wanna leave the one I'm wish and start a new relationship with you".
The line is the song's hook.
The song was given positive reviews.
It won a Billboard Music Award, a Soul Train Music Award, a WQHT Hip Hop Award, and a nomination for a Grammy Award.
"You Make Me Wanna..." reached several music charts.
It was number one on the UK Singles Chart and the US Hot R&B Singles chart.
It also reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100, Pop Songs, Canadian Singles Chart, Dutch Top 40, and the ARIA Singles Chart.
The music video was directed by Bille Woodruff.
It shows Usher dancing in several colored rooms and backgrounds.
It also uses an effect which created several clones of Usher.
"You Make Me Wanna..." - 3:39
"You Make Me Wanna..." (JD remix) - 3:39
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Lil' Jon's Eastside Remix) - 4:26
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Timbaland Remix) - 3:58
"You Make Me Wanna..." (instrumental) - 3:17
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Lil Jon's Eastside remix instrumental) - 3:57
"You Make Me Wanna..."
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Tuff Jam Classic Garage Mix)
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Tuff Jam Classic Garage instrumental)
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Tuff Jam UVM Dub Mix)
"You Make Me Wanna..." (instrumental Dub Mix)
12-inch vinyl
"You Make Me Wanna..." (JD's Remix) - 3:39
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Lil' Jon's Eastside Remix) - 3:58
"You Make Me Wanna..." (Timbaland's Remix) - 4:26
"You Make Me Wanna..." (a cappella) - 3:39
"You Make Me Wanna..." (instrumental) -3:17
"Nice & Slow" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released as the second single from his second album My Way (1997).
It became his first number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It also reached number 24 on the UK Singles Chart.
Because of this, "Nice & Slow" was not a success in that country since his single "You Make Me Wanna..." reached number one.
It also became the last single from Usher's My Way album.
It was written by Brian & Brandon Casey of Jagged Edge, Manuel Seal, Jermaine Dupri, and Usher.
The music video for the song featured Kimora Lee Simmons.
"Nice & Slow" (CD-Rom Video Element)
"You Make Me Wanna..." / "Just Like Me" / "My Way" (Snippets)
"Nice & Slow" (Album Version)
"Nice & Slow" (Album Instrumental)
"Nice & Slow" (Radio Version)
"Nice & Slow" (Live Version)
"Nice & Slow" (B-Rock's Basement Mix)
"Nice & Slow" (Suli & Stef's Club Class Mix - UK Mix)
End of decade charts
"My Way" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released from the album of the name name in 1998.
It features Jermaine Dupri as backing vocalist.
The song reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The song did not reach number one because of Brandy Norwood and Monica's single "The Boy Is Mine".
It spent 13 weeks at number two.
Because "Nice & Slow" was not successful in the UK, "My Way" was not released as a single there.
My Way [Remix W/J.D.] 3:37 Rap [Featuring] - Jermaine Dupri
My Way [Remix Instrumental] 3:37
My Way [Remix Acappella] 3:37 Rap [Featuring] - Jermaine Dupri
My Way [Album Version] 3:38
My Way [Instrumental] 3:36
My Way [Acapella]
"Bedtime" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released from his album My Way (1997) in 1998.
It became the fourth and last single to be released from that album. "
Bedtime" was released as a promotional recording.
It reached number 66 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
"Bed Time" [Album Version] - 4:45
"Bed Time" [Live Version] - 7:06
"Pop Ya Collar" is a song by American singer Usher.
It became a lead single from 8701 (2001).
The song was leaked on the Internet as part of All About U, an unreleased album by Usher.
The song reached number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It was more successful in the United Kingdom where it reached number two on the UK Singles Chart.
The song was about an upturned collar.
It then became a popular culture "buzzword" at the time.
The catchphrase (or slang) helped the song to be released by other artists.
These include "Pop Yo Collar" by MC Hammer (2000) and "Poppin' My Collar" by Three 6 Mafia (2006).
However, the word originally came from the Bay Area artist E-40.
Hammer's version (featuring Wee Wee) helped make "The Phat Daddy Pop", "In Pop Nito", "River Pop", "Deliver The Pop" and "Pop'n It Up" dance moves.
"Pop Ya Collar" [Radio Version] 3:34
"Pop Ya Collar" [GForce Jazz Step Vocal Mix] 6:16
"My Way" [Remix With JD]
"U Remind Me" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released from the album 8701 (2001).
The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It reached the top five in the United Kingdom and Australia.
The song talks about a man who meets a woman.
He really likes her, however, he does not want a relationship with her.
This is because she looks just like an ex-girlfriend who he had a bad breakup with.
The music video features Chilli from TLC.
The song won a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002.
This became Usher's first Grammy win.
Cassette and US and Europe CD
"U Remind Me" (radio edit)
"U Remind Me" (instrumental)
"I Don't Know" (featuring P Diddy)
"TTP"
"U Remind Me"
"I Don't Know" (featuring P. Diddy)
"U Remind Me" (music video)
"U Remind Me" (Illicit Club Mix)
"U Remind Me" (Illicit Acappella)
"U Remind Me" (Pete & Vincent's Club Mix)
"U Remind Me" (Pete & Vincent's Dub Mix)
"U Got It Bad" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released from the album 8701 in (2001).
It was the second single from the album.
It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It reached the top 5 in the United Kingdom and Australia.
The song was produced by Jermaine Dupri.
It was co-produced by Bryan-Michael Cox.
The Soulpower remix had more airplay in some countries than the original version.
The song is ranked at number 99 on the Billboard: All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs.
It was named the 15th most successful song from 2000 to 2009 on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade.
"U Got It Bad" (Radio Mix)
"U Remind Me" (Remix - Featuring Method Man & Blu Cantrell)
"U R the One" (Radio Mix)
"U Got It Bad" (CD-Rom Video)
"U Got It Bad" (Soulpower Remix)
"U Got It Bad" (Tee's UK R&B Remix)
"U Got It Bad" (Tee's Latin Radio Remix)
"U Got It Bad" (Tee's Dub Remix)
All-time chart
"U Don't Have to Call" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released from his album 8701 (2001).
It was released as the third single.
It reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It reached number four on the UK Singles Chart.
The song won a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2003.
This became his second Grammy win. "
U Don't Have to Call" became the last single from 8701.
The song sold 4 million copies in the United States.
The music video was filmed in Los Angeles at the Westin Bonaventure Hotel.
Kelis is the backing vocalist.
"I Need a Girl" (Part 1) (P. Diddy featuring Usher & Loon)
"U Don't Have to Call" (Remix) (featuring Ludacris)
"I Need a Girl" (Part 2) (P. Diddy featuring Ginuwine, Loon, Mario Winans & Tammy Ruggeri)
"I Need a Girl" (Part 1)" (video)
"U Don't Have to Call" (video)
"I Need a Girl (Part One)" / "U Don't Have to Call"
"U-Turn" is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released as an international single.
This means that it was not released in the United States, where Usher lives.
It was produced by Jermaine Dupri.
The song reached the top ten in Australia, top 20 in the UK and Switzerland.
It was a top 40 hit in the Netherlands.
The song was written by Usher, Dupri, and Brian Michael Cox.
Cox had co-wrote four of Usher's songs, including hit single "U Got It Bad".
The song mentions Michael Jackson and Bobby Brown.
It also talks about crunk.
This made it one of the first R&B songs to talk about that music genre.
Limited Edition Enhanced 4 Track CD with Poster
"U-Turn" (Album Version)
"U-Turn" (The Almighty Mix)
"U-Turn" (The Almighty Dub)
"U-Turn" (Video - Plus 'Behind The Scenes' Footage)
U-Turn [Album Version] 3:12
U-Turn [The Almighty Mix] 7:22
U-Turn [The Almighty Dub] 7:24
U R The One 3:56
Video U-Turn 3:05
U-Turn (Album Version) 3:12
U-Turn (The Almighty Mix) 7:22
NME U-Turn review
[ Allmusic.com 8701 article]
Top 40 charts "U-Turn" entry
"I Need a Girl (Part One)" is a song by American rapper P. Diddy.
It features Usher and Loon.
It was released from the album We Invented the Remix (2002).
It reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It reached number one on the Hot Rap Tracks chart.
It also reached number four on the UK Singles Chart.
"Yeah!"
is a song by American singer Usher.
It was released in January 2004 as the lead single from Confessions (2004).
It was written by Lil Jon, Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Ludacris, Robert McDowell, and LRoc.
The song is an R&B and crunk song.
It features Lil Jon and Ludacris.
The song was remixed by Tengo Calderón. "
Yeah!"
reached number one on 20 different charts in 15 countries.
It also was given platinum certifications from different countries, including by the RIAA and RIANZ.
The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 12 weeks.
It became the longest-running number one song in 2004.
The single sold 2 million copies worldwide.
It became one of the fastest-selling hip hop songs ever.
It was ranked number two on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade for 2000-2009.
Usher performed "Yeah!"
at the Victoria's Secret fashion show in 2008.
The song won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 47th Grammy Awards.
It has also been used in the 2005 movie Hitch and in the 2009 movie The Hangover.
"Yeah!" (
featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris) – 4:10
"Red Light" (Smith, Patrick J Que/Smith, Jonathan/Hilson, Keri/McDowell, Robert/Garrett, Sean) – 4:48
Reggaeton remix)
"Yeah!" –
"Red Light" – 4:48