the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_split huggingface dataset:
Zulfiqar Mirza, current Sindh Provincial Home Minister, former Member of the National Assembly, and nephew of Qazi Abid, Qazi Azam, and Qazi Akbar.
Pir Mazhar Ul Haq, current Senior Minister and Education Minister in the Sindh Provincial Cabinet, a three-time Sindh Provincial Minister, and grandson of Qazi Muhammad Akbar
Marvi Mazhar, a former Member of the Provincial Assembly in Sindh and daughter of Pir Mazhar Ul Haq
Zardari family
Hakim Ali Zardari, the patriarch of Zardari family.
Asif Ali Zardari, son of Hakim Ali Zardari  and husband of Benazir Bhutto, President of Pakistan
Azra Peechoho, daughter of Hakim Ali Zardari
Faryal Talpur, daughter of Hakim Ali Zardari, Former Nazima Nawabshah District, MNA
Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, son of Asif Ali Zardari and Benazir Bhutto, Chairman Pakistan Peoples Party
The 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, also called the San Felipe hurricane, was a very bad tropical cyclone.
Almost 4,100 people died in the northeast Caribbean, Puerto Rico and southeast Florida to North Carolina.
This hurricane had wind close to Category 5 level when it hit Puerto Rico, when it was also a large hurricane.
Over 2,500 people died in the United States, making the storm one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history at that time.
It struck Florida at Category 4 levels.
The hurricane hit the coast in Palm Beach County, Florida and damaged many buildings.
But then it went inland.
It caused the waters of Lake Okeechobee to rise ten feet.
The lake flooded 75 miles of Florida.
Because people were not prepared for the flood, many died.
Dead bodies lay in the hot Florida sun for days.
Sometimes whole families were killed, so no one was left to identify the bodies.
Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, showing the difference between different categories of hurricanes
Okeecho
1920s in Florida
The "Canción Nacional" (pron. [
kanˈsjon nasjoˈnal], "kahn-SYOHN nah-syoh-NAHL"; en. '
National Song'), also known by its incipit Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado (pron. [
ˈpuɾo ˈtʃile ˈes tu ˈsjelo asuˈlaðo], "POO-roh CHEE-leh ES too SYEH-loh ah-soo-LAH-doh"; en. '
How pure, Chile, is thy blue sky'), is the national anthem of Chile.
It was composed by Ramón Carnicer and first adopted in 1828.
Later, the Chilean government wanted words for the song, so eventually, a poet by the name of Eusibio Lillo wrote the lyrics to the anthem in September 1847.
After Chile won its independence from Spain, the Chilean government demanded that there be a national anthem with lyrics (words) and music.
The first version of Canción Nacional was written by Eusebio Lillo in 1819, and Ramón Carnicer composed the music a year later.
While Carnicer was exiled in England, he composed the second (and current) version until he returned to Barcelona, Spain in 1827.
A year later, Carnicer's new anthem premiered in Santiago, Chile.
Then in 1847, Eusebio Lillo wrote the new lyrics, which was then revised (changed for the better) in 1909.
How pure, Chile, is thy blue sky
And how pure the breezes that blow across thee
And thy countryside with flowers embroider'd
A wonderful copy of Eden it is!
How majestic are thy mounts snow-cover'd
𝄆 That were giv'n to thee by God as protection 𝄇
𝄆 And the sea that batheth tranquilly thy shores
Promiseth fo' thee a splendor future.
Beloved Homeland, receive thy vows
That Chile gave thee on thy altars
𝄆 That thou art either the tomb o' the free
O' a refuge from oppression.
𝄆 O' a refuge from oppression.
MIDI version
George Dewey Cukor (July 7, 1899 – January 24, 1983) was an American movie director.
He made many comedy movies and movies based on books.
Cukor directed several of RKO's most important movies such as Little Women (1933).
At MGM he directed Dinner at Eight (1933), David Copperfield (1935)  Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Camille (1936).
He went on to direct The Philadelphia Story (1940), Adam's Rib (1949), Born Yesterday (1950), A Star Is Born (1954) and My Fair Lady (1964).
He continued to work into the 1980s.
He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles, California.
David Copperfield is a 1935 black and white movie directed by George Cukor.
The movie was based on the 1850 book of the same name by Charles Dickens.
It was nominated for the Best Picture Academy Award.
Freddie Bartholomew as the young David
Edna Mae Oliver as his aunt Betsey Trotwood
W. C. Fields as Mr. Micawber
Basil Rathbone as Edward Murdstone
Maureen O'Sullivan as Dora
Lionel Barrymore as Dan'l Peggoty
Little Women is a 1933 black and white American RKO movie directed by George Cukor.
The movie was based on a book of the same name by Louisa May Alcott.
The movie stars Katharine Hepburn as Jo, Joan Bennett as Amy, Jean Parker as Beth, Frances Dee as Meg, Edna May Oliver as Aunt March, Spring Byington as Marmee, Paul Lukas as Professor Bhaer, Henry Stephenson as Mr. Laurence, and Douglass Montgomery as the boy-next-door Laurie.
The movie is about the lives of four sisters in a nineteenth century Massachusetts village during the American Civil War.
The movie was a success and was nominated for (but lost) the Best Picture Academy Award.
Notes about the production
The movie's budget was $1 million.
Four thousand people worked on the movie for a year.
A lot of research was done to make all the 3,000 costumes and props look like they came from the Civil War period.
The set decorator modeled the inside of the March home after Louisa May Alcott's Massachusetts house.
The movie opened on November 16, 1933 at Radio City Music Hall.
It broke attendance records there and earned over $100,000 during its first week of showings.
Louise Closser Hale was going to play Aunt March, but she died on July 26, 1933.
Edna May Oliver took the role.
David O. Selznick went back to RKO from MGM to produce the movie.
He was given no credit.
This was the last movie in his contract with the studio.
Katharine Hepburn asked costume designer Walter Plunkett to make a special dress for her character.
This dress was based on one worn by her grandmother in an old photograph (a tintype) Hepburn owned.
Plunkett also had to redesign many of Joan Bennett's costumes because she was going to have a baby.
Holidays in Pakistan
Former Holidays (now National Days)
Partial Holidays or National Days
May 28 - Youm-e-Takbir
5 August - Youm-e-Istehsal (The Day of Exploitation or Kashmir Seize Day)
September 7 - Air Force Day (Youm-e-Fizaia)
September 8 - Victory Day/Navy Day (Youm-e-Bahria)
October 16 - Death anniversary of Liaquat Ali Khan
October 24 - Azad Kashmir Day (Youm-e-Kashmir)
Youm-e-Babul Islam is observed in Pakistan, in honor of Muhammad bin Qasim.
Kashmir Valley, surrounded by Pir Panjal mountain ranges, between Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu region and Ladakh.
Kashmir and Jammu (princely state), the former princely state which came to an end in 1947.
The Kashmir Conflict, the territorial dispute over the Kashmir region:
Jammu and Kashmir, area of Kashmir administered by Republic of India as a state; disputed by Pakistan.
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan, areas of the disputed Kashmir region Military controlled by Pakistan.
Trans-Karakoram Tract, an area ceded by Pakistan to China by the Sino-Pak Border Agreement in 1963.
Aksai Chin, an area of disputed Kashmir region administered by China as part of Xinjiang; disputed by India.
Cashmere goat
"Kashmir" (song), the 1975 song by rock band Led Zeppelin from the album Physical Graffiti
"Kashmir: Symphonic Led Zeppelin", a tribute album to Led Zeppelin
Kashmir (band), a Danish rock band
"Kashmir", an instrumental track by Scooter from Back to the Heavyweight Jam
"Kashmir," a song by the band Liquid Blue
SS Kashmir, P & O liner that was a troopship during World War 1
HMS Kashmir, World War 2, Royal Navy destroyer
Letícia was two years old when her family moved Itajubá (MG) to the mining town of Conceição das Alagoas.
Her father was an engineer at the Big Bend Power Plant.
She said she learned to appreciate nature in this place full of greenery and people of different nationalities.
Although she didn't achieve much fame until her 40th birthday, she is now considered one of the best and most beautiful Brazilian actresses.
Formerly married to actor Paulo Betti, she is the mother of two girls, Juliana and Mariana Betti, both actresses themselves.
Ninho da Serpente (as Lídia)
Campeão (as Cristina)
Vida Roubada (as Hilda)
Meus Filhos, Minha Vida
Uma Esperança no Ar (as Débora)
Helena (as Joana)
Caso Verdade
Desejo (as Lucinda)
Felicidade (as Isaura)
Renascer (as Dona Patroa/Yolanda)
Incidente em Antares (as Eleutéria)
A Comédia da Vida Privada (as Helena)
Irmãos Coragem (as Estela)
Engraçadinha (as Maria Aparecida)
Você Decide
Explode Coração (as Lola)
A Indomada (as Santa Maria)
Você Decide (as Sílvia)
Mulher (as Anita)
Hilda Furacão (as Berta)
Torre de Babel (as Wandona)
Andando nas Nuvens (as Janete)
Você Decide (as Ana)
O Belo e As Feras (as Ludmila)
Zorra Total (as Maria Rosa)
Zorra Total (as Roxana)
Os Maias (as The Countess of Gouvarinho)
Os Normais (as Marta)
O Clone (as Nazira Rachid)
A Casa das Sete Mulheres (as Caetana)
Um Só Coração (as Tarsila do Amaral)
América (as Neuta)
J.K. (as Tarsila do Amaral)
Cobras & Lagartos (as Eva/Esmeralda)
Eterna Magia (as Pérola)
Capitu (as Dona Glória Santiago)
Caminho das Indias (as Indira Ananda)
Tempos Modernos (as Hélia Pimenta)
Afinal, o Que Querem as Mulheres? (
as Profª Noemi)
Lara com Z (as Sandra Heibert)
Avenida Brasil (as Muricy Araújo)
Saat went to Başkent University to study Business Administration.
While at university, she was in the TV competition Türkiye’nin Yıldızları  where she finished runner up.
After being in a series of candy commercials, Saat made her television debut in Aşkımızda Ölüm Var.
She played Ece Uslu's sister.
In 2004, she acted in Aşkımızda Ölüm Var and in 2005, she had her first lead role in Aşka Sürgün.
Then she played Yasemin Ünsal in Tomris Giritlioğlu's  Hatırla Sevgili.
This show gave her nationwide fame.
In 2008, she again worked with Giritlioğlu in the movie Güz Sancısı (Pains of Autumn).
The same year Saat played Bihter Yöreoğlu (Samar) in an adaptation of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil's classic novel Aşk-ı Memnu set in the modern day.
She won consecutive Golden Butterfly Awards for Best Actress for her performance.
Saat was the lead in director Serdar Akar's movie Gecenin Kanatları (Wings of the Night) released in December 2009.
In 2010-2012, she acted in an adaptation of author Vedat Türkali's story Fatmagülün suçu ne?
Aşkımızda Ölüm Var (2004)
Aşka Sürgün (2005)
Hatırla Sevgili (2007)
Avrupa yakasi
Güz Sancısı (2008)
Aşk-ı Memnu (2008-2010)
Gecenin Kanatları (2009)
Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne? (
2010-2012)
İntikam (2013-2014)
Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem (2015-)
"Toy Story 3" in its Turkish-dubbed version as the voice of Barbie
Actors from Ankara
Yalabık attended İstanbul University State Conservatory, Department of Performing Arts.
There he was educated by professionals, one of which was Yıldız Kenter.
He started his professional career in television serials in 2000.
In 2011 he was granted the best actor award for Muhteşem Yüzyıl.
In 2011 he also received the best co-starring actor award for his role in Hunting Season.
Okan Yalabık at the SinemaTurk.com
Blue tongue lizard redirects here.
Blue-tongued skinks make up the Australasian genus, Tiliqua, which has some of the largest members of the skink family (Scincidae).
They are also called blue-tongued lizards or simply blue-tongues, shinglebacks or the sleepy lizard in Australia.
The main feature of the genus is a large blue tongue that can be used to scare away enemies.
Blue-tongued skinks are closely related to the genera Cyclodomorphus and Hemisphaeriodon.
All species are found on mainland Australia except Tiliqua gigas which lives in New Guinea and various islands of Indonesia.
One subspecies of Tiliqua scincoides is also found on several small Indonesian islands between Australia and New Guinea.
Tiliqua nigrolutea is the only species in Tasmania.
With the exception of the pygmy blue-tongue, they are large lizards which can grow up to 45 cm total length.
They are light-bodied, short-limbed, broad with a distinct head and dull teeth.
Most species are diurnal ground-foraging omnivores, feeding on insects, gastropods, flowers, fruits and berries.
The pygmy blue-tongue however mainly eats arthropods.
The skinks give birth to live young.
The litter sizes ranging from 1–4 in the pygmy blue-tongue and shingleback to 5–24 in the eastern and northern blue-tongues.
Tiliqua adelaidensis, (Adelaide) Pygmy Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua gigas, Indonesian Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua gigas evanescens, Merakue Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua gigas keyensis, Key Island Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua sp.,
Irian Jaya Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua multifasciata, Centralian Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua nigrolutea, Blotched Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua occipitalis, Western Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua rugosa, Shingleback (or Sleepy Lizard)
Tiliqua rugosa rugosa, Common Shingleback
Tiliqua rugosa aspera, Eastern Shingleback
Tiliqua rugosa palarra, Shark Bay Shingleback
Tiliqua rugosa konowi, Rottnest Island Shingleback
Tiliqua scincoides, Australian Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua scincoides scincoides, Eastern Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua scincoides intermedia, Northern Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua scincoides chimaerea, Tanimbar Blue-tongued Skink
(2006): Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 503–511.
(1988): Mate fidelity in an Australian lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus (Scincidae).
Copeia 1987(3): 749-757.
(1990): Comparison of displaced and retained partners in a monogamous lizard Tiliqua rugosa.
Australian Wildlife Research 17: 135-140.
(1996): A prey record of the Eastern Blue-tongue Tiliqua scincoides for the common brown snake Pseudonaja textilis.
Monitor  8(3): 155.
Bluetongue fact file
Blue-tongued Lizards in New South Wales
Operation Bluetongue - Citizen Science study project  at UniSA
Site devoted exclusively to blue-tongued skinks
Felis is a genus of small cats in the family Felidae.
They include the familiar domestic cat and its closest wild relatives.
The wild species are found in Europe, southern and central Asia, and Africa.
The domestic cat, which may have its origin in North Africa, is now worldwide.
Members of the genus Felis are all small felines, rather similar to the domestic cat.
The smallest species is the sand cat, which may be less than  in length, while the largest is the jungle cat, which can reach .
They live in many habitats: forests, grassland, swampland and deserts.
They mostly feed on small rodents, supplementing their diet with birds and other small animals, depending on their local environment.
Genetic studies indicate that the genus Felis first evolved around eight to ten million years ago, probably in the Mediterranean region.
The genus Felis is currently considered to consist of six living species, although the domestic cat and Chinese mountain cat are sometimes considered subspecies of F. silvestris.
Felis chaus (Schreber, 1777) – jungle cat
Felis margarita (Loche, 1858) – sand cat
Felis nigripes (Burchell, 1824) – black-footed cat
Felis silvestris (Schreber, 1775) – wildcat
Felis catus (Linnaeus, 1758) – domestic cat (sometimes Felis silvestris catus)
Felis bieti (Milne-Edwards, 1892) – Chinese mountain cat
Felis attica (Wagner, 1857) – (extinct)
Felis lunensis (Martelli, 1906) – Martelli's cat (extinct)
Other small cats
Small cats are those smaller than the cheetah.
These are small cats classified under other genera than Felis:
Caracal: western and south Asia and Africa
Leopardus: the small cats of the Americas, such as the Margay and the Ocelot
Leptailurus: the Serval, southern Africa
Lynx: Eurasia
Pardofelis: southeast Asia
Prionailurus: Asia
Profelis: African golden cat, rainforests only
An aquatic plant is a plant that has adapted to live in the water.
This can be either freshwater, such as in rivers and lakes,  saltwater as in the sea, or brackish water, as in the estuary of a river.
Some aquatic plants are partly submerged.
Others are totally submerged.
Common adaptations include leaves that float on the water, and special tissue that allows to transport air and other gases inside the plant.
Some plants from the water can be adapted in land.
Hydrophytes are the plants which live completely or partially submerged in fresh water.
Such plants do not face the problem of water shortage.
They have developed mechanisms for the removal of extra water from their cells.
Hydrophytes have broad leaves with a large number of stomata on their upper surfaces.
This characteristic helps them to remove extra amount of water.
The most common example of such plants is Water Lily.
Susan Leigh Vaughan Smith (born September 26, 1971) is an American murderer.
She was born in Union, South Carolina, and was a former student of the University of South Carolina Union.
She was sentenced to life in prison on July 22, 1995 for killing her two sons on October 25, 1994.
The sons were 3-year-old Michael Daniel Smith, born October 10, 1991, and 14-month-old Alexander Tyler Smith, born August 5, 1993.
At the time of the murders, Smith was estranged from her husband and had a boyfriend who did not want children in his life.
She believed that by killing her children, her boyfriend would want a long-term relationship with her.
The case gained worldwide attention after it was broadcast live.
Smith told police that an African American man carjacked, and kidnapped her sons.
Several weeks later, she confessed that she drove her car into a nearby lake.
She got out of the car, and watched her sons drown inside the car.
Smith later said that she suffered from mental illnesses, which made her kill her sons.
According to the South Carolina Department of Corrections, Smith will be eligible for parole on November 4, 2024, after serving at least of thirty years.
She is currently at South Carolina's Leath Correctional Institution, near Greenwood.
In 2010, Deadly Women told the story of what happened that night, focusing on Smith's case and other parents that have killed their children.
U.S. News Year in Review - Susan Smith Trial - Dec. 28, 1995 - CNN
Michael & Alexander Smith memorial at Findagrave
People from South Carolina
Filicide is the act of a parent killing his or her son or daughter.
The word filicide comes from the Latin words filius meaning "son" or filia meaning "daughter" and the suffix -cide meaning "to kill, murder or cause death".
Homicide is the killing of any human
Infanticide is the killing of an infant
Linda Andersen was murdered by her two teenage daughters, Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen, on January 18, 2003 in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
The names in this article are aliases, for legal reasons.
Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen were each sentenced to 10 years in prison in 2005.
Neither sister served their full-time prison sentence: Sandra Andersen was released to a halfway house in 2009 and Elizabeth Andersen was released in 2010.
Since they were under-aged at the time of the murder, the Canadian government is protecting the sisters' true identities and has issued the Andersen sisters with aliases.
Linda Andersen's murder case was broadcast on the television series Deadly Women in 2010, and was the subject of Bob Mitchell's book 'The Class Project: How to Kill a Mother: The True Story of Canada's Infamous Bathtub Girls'.
In 2014, a crime drama, Perfect Sisters, was released, which was additionally based on the murder of Linda Andersen.
According to police reports, Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen, aged 16 and 15 respectively, had become irritated of their mother "wasting.
money on alcohol".
Linda also had abusive relationships with men which also caused unrest for the girls.
They were also unhappy that their friends had "better things like swimming pools and clothes".
Because of their discontent, the sisters began to search on the Internet for ways to kill their mother.
Elizabeth and Sandra Andersen believed that by killing their mother, they would be entitled to insurance money.
This compensation, the sisters resolved, would be spent on a trip to Europe with their friends as well as a large house, with a backyard filled with marijuana.
The sisters decided to drown Linda Andersen, because they believed it would be "fast and spectacular".
During lunch time on January 18 2003, Sandra and Elizabeth began giving their mother liquor in order to get her drunk.
Their plan was to make Linda fully inebriated so that she could not resist their attack.
Linda was also given pain killers by her daughters, to slow down her heartbeat.
Sandra and Elizabeth then waited for the drugs to work.
While waiting, the sisters communicated with their friends online, one of whom ended their conversation with the phrase "well good luck - wear gloves".
Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen filled the family bathtub with water and took Linda Andersen to the bathroom.
Linda had difficulty getting into the bathtub, because of the mixture of vodka and pills she had been given.
After putting gloves on, Sandra and Elizabeth gave their mother a massage.
Within minutes, according to police reports, Sandra Andersen instructed her mother to lay on her stomach so that she could scrub her back.
Sandra Andersen instantly pulled her mother's head down and did not let go.
After four minutes, Sandra Andersen released her mother's head and found Linda Andersen to be dead.
After having killed their mother, Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen went with their friends to a nearby restaurant where they celebrated their victory.
Later that night, Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen called 9-1-1 and informed them that they had found their mother laying in the bathtub.
The 9-1-1 operator told Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen to take their mother out of the bathtub and to perform CPR.
The Andersen sisters cried over the phone, telling the operator that Linda Andersen could not be resuscitated.
When police arrived, they believed Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen's story.
A year after the murder, Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen held a party.
Sandra, who was drunk, told a male at the party about the murder of Linda Andersen that both she and Elizabeth had committed.
She then told a guy that liked her that her mothers death might have not been an accident.
He felt suspicious which  later led him to the police to report what he was told.
Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen were subsequently arrested, tried and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
They were released in 2009 and 2010 respectively.
Life after
The older sister, Sandra Andersen, was released to a halfway house in 2009, whilst the younger sister, Elizabeth Andersen, was released a year later.
The girls' father unsuccessfully attempted to have Elizabeth Andersen released earlier so that she could complete her sentence under house arrest in their hometown.
Since both Sandra and Elizabeth Andersen were under the age of 18 at the time of the murder, their identities have been protected under Canadian law.
After release, Sandra Andersen was accepted to the University of Waterloo with a $2000 scholarship; Elizabeth Andersen traveled to Ottawa with the intention of applying to university.
How To Kill A Mother review
May 3, 2008 story on The Star
Perfect Sisters the movie based on the murder
Murder in Canada
Théophile Ernest de Donder (1872–1957) was a Belgian mathematician and physicist.
He was famous for work in making connections between the concepts of chemical affinity and free energy.
He is said to have been the first to address the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.
De Donder’s work was later developed further by Ilya Prigogine.
De Donder was an associate and friend of Albert Einstein.
The List of Arsenal F.C. players is evolving.
UEFA Reserve squad
The "100 Club" is an honour given by Arsenal.
It is to formally recognise retired players with over 100 league appearances.
As of September 2016, 75 living players have been inducted with a further 26 automatically enrolled once they end their careers.
David O'Leary has played the most games.
Between 1975 and 1993, he played 722 times for the club.
Thierry Henry has the goalscoring record.
He scored 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2007 and during a loan spell with the club in 2012.
The previous record was held by Ian Wright.
Famous former players
Alex James (footballer)
Arsenal website
Aragua River is in Libertador municipality of the state Aragua in Venezuela.
It starts north of the city of La Victoria at the meeting of the San Carlos and Gabante.
The mouth is located in lake of Valencia (10º 10' 38" N - 67º 36' 14" W).
It goes through the towns of La Victoria, San Mateo, Cagua, La Encrucijada and Palo Negro.
Wikimapia: Río Aragua
This is a list of SpongeBob SquarePants merchandise, including home videos and DVDs, CDs, video games, and books.
Season boxsets
Themed DVDs
Title !!
Released !!
Out-of-stock date
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Nautical Nonsense and SpongeBuddies
| March 12, 2002
| rowspan="14"| December 31, 2007
|colspan="2"| Features "Ripped Pants", "SB-129", "Texas", "Jellyfishing" and "F.U.N." from season one and "Graveyard Shift", "Something Smells" "Dying for Pie" and "Wormy" from season two, and the world premiere of "Club SpongeBob" from season three.
Upon release, the DVD became Nickelodeon's fastest selling title, selling 150,000 copies in the first week.
| Spongebob SquarePants: SpongeBob SquarePants' Halloween
| August 27, 2002
|colspan="2"| Features "Scaredy Pants", "I Was a Teenage Gary" and "Squidward the Unfriendly Ghost" from season one, "Imitation Krabs", "Frankendoodle", "The Secret Box", "Band Geeks" and "Welcome to the Chum Bucket" from season two and "My Pretty Seahorse" and "Idiot Box" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Sea Stories
| November 5, 2002
|colspan="2"| Features "Pickles" and "Jellyfish Jam" from season one, "Hooky" "Gary Takes a Bath", "Life of Crime", "No Free Rides" and "Sailor Mouth" from season two and "No Weenies Allowed" and "The Algae's Always Greener" from season three.
Also included is "Shanghaied" from season two with three different endings.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Tales from the Deep
| January 28, 2003
|colspan="2"| Features "Hall Monitor", "Valentine's Day", "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy", "Tea at the Treedome" and "The Paper" from season one and "SpongeBob's House Party", "I Had an Accident", "Just One Bite" and "Born Again Krabs" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Lost at Sea
| March 4, 2003
|colspan="2"| Features "Plankton!", "
Boating School", "Suds", and "The Chaperone" from season one, "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy II" "Bubble Buddy", "Your Shoe's Untied" and "Pre-Hibernation Week" from season two and "The Sponge Who Could Fly" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Tide and Seek
| July 29, 2003
|colspan="2"| Features "Opposite Day" and "Sleepy Time" from season one, "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy III", "Big Pink Loser", "Squirrel Jokes", "Dumped", "Bossy Boots" and "Squidville" from season two and "Rock-a-Bye Bivalve" and "The Bully" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: SpongeBob SquarePants' Christmas
| September 30, 2003
|colspan="2"| Features "Pizza Delivery" and "Squeaky Boots" from season one, "Christmas Who?", "
Procrastination" and "Survival of the Idiots" from season two and "Snowball Effect", "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy IV", "Chocolate with Nuts" and "As Seen on TV" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: The Seascape Capers
| January 6, 2004
| rowspan="4"| June 29, 2008
|colspan="2"| Features "Bubblestand" from season one; "Artist Unknown", "The Fry Cook Games", "Squid's Day Off", "Grandma's Kisses", "Krusty Love" and "The Smoking Peanut" from season two; "Krab Borg" from season three and "SpongeBob Meets a Strangler", and "Pranks a Lot" from season four.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: SpongeBob Goes Prehistoric
| March 9, 2004
|colspan="2"| Features "Nature Pants", "Fools in April" from season one, "I'm with Stupid", "Patty Hype" from season two and "Ugh", "Squid on Strike", "The Great Snail Race", "Plankton's Army" and "Squilliam Returns" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: SpongeGuard on Duty
| June 1, 2004
| rowspan="2"| July 8, 2008
|colspan="2"| Features "Naughty Nautical Neighbors" and "Walking Small" from season one, "Pressure" and "Jellyfish Hunter" from season two and "SpongeGuard on Duty", "Nasty Patty", "Doing Time" and "Clams" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Sponge for Hire
| November 2, 2004
| rowspan="2"| September 23, 2008
|colspan="2"| Features "Krusty Krab Training Video", "Wet Painters", "Can You Spare a Dime?", "
New Student Starfish", "Missing Identity", "Mid-Life Crustacean", "Krabby Land" and "The Camping Episode" all from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Home Sweet Pineapple
| January 4, 2005
| rowspan="4"| December 31, 2008
|colspan="2"| Features "Home Sweet Pineapple", "Ripped Pants", "Sandy's Rocket", "Culture Shock", "MuscleBob BuffPants" and "Employee of the Month" from season one and "Band Geeks" and "Sandy, SpongeBob, and the Worm" from season two.
|SpongeBob SquarePants: Fear of a Krabby Patty
| February 24, 2004
|colspan="2"| Features "Arrgh!", "
Neptune's Spatula" and "Karate Choppers" from season one, "I'm Your Biggest Fanatic" from season two, "One Krab's Trash" and "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V" from season three and "Fear of a Krabby Patty" and "Shell of a Man" from season four.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Absorbing Favorites
| October 12, 2004
| rowspan="2"| March 24, 2009
|colspan="2"| Features "Ripped Pants", "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy" and "Karate Choppers" from season one, "Gary Takes a Bath", "Jellyfish Hunter" and "The Fry Cook Games" from season two and "Club SpongeBob", "Plankton's Army" and "The Sponge Who Could Fly" from season three.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Where's Gary
| May 25, 2004
| rowspan="4"| May 5, 2009
|colspan="2"| Features "The Great Snail Race" from season three and "Have You Seen This Snail?", "
The Lost Mattress", "Skill Crane", "Krabs vs. Plankton" and "Good Neighbors" from season four.
| SpongeBob SquarePants: Lost in Time
| February 21, 2006
|colspan="2"| Features "Dunces and Dragons", "Selling Out", "Funny Pants", "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy VI: The Motion Picture", "Enemy In-Law" and "Patrick SmartPants" all from season four.
| Karate Island
| September 28, 2004
| rowspan="2"| September 2, 2009
|colspan="2"| Features "SquidBob TentaclePants", "Krusty Towers", "Mrs. Puff, You're Fired", "Ghost Host", "Wishing You Well", "Karate Island" and "New Leaf" all from season four
| Whale of a Birthday
| February 15, 2005
| rowspan="2"| September 29, 2009
|colspan="2"| Features "All That Glitters", "Whale of a Birthday", "Once Bitten", "Chimps Ahoy", "Bummer Vacation", "Wigstruck" and "That's No Lady" all from season four.
| Friend or Foe?
| July 12, 2005
| rowspan="2"| January 12, 2010
|colspan="2"| Features "Friend or Foe", "Night Light", "The Original Fry Cook", "Waiting", "Rise and Shine", "Fungus Among Us" and "Spy Buddies" all from season five.
| Bikini Bottom Adventures
| June 5, 2007
| rowspan="2"| June 1, 2010
|colspan="2" | Features "Boat Smarts", "Good Ol' Whatshisname", "New Digs", "Krabs à la Mode", "Roller Cowards", "Bucket Sweet Bucket" and "Breath of Fresh Squidward" all from season five.
| Atlantis SquarePantis
| November 13, 2007
| rowspan="2"| August 17, 2010
|colspan="2" | Features "Atlantis SquarePantis", "Money Talks", "SpongeBob vs. the Patty Gadget", "Slimy Dancing", "The Krusty Sponge", "Sing a Song of Patrick" and "Picture Day" all from season five.
| To Love a Patty
| January 29, 2008
| rowspan="4"| December 21, 2010
|colspan="2" | Features "To Love a Patty", "A Flea in Her Dome", "Mermaid Man vs. SpongeBob", "Le Big Switch", "The Donut of Shame", "BlackJack" and "Blackened Sponge" all from season five.
| Pest of the West
| April 15, 2008
|colspan="2" | Features "Pest of the West", "The Krusty Plate", "Pat No Pay", "The Inmates of Summer", "To Save a Squirrel", "20,000 Patties Under the Sea" and "The Battle of Bikini Bottom" all from season five.
| WhoBob WhatPants?
| October 14, 2008
| rowspan="2"| January 11, 2011
|colspan="2" | Features "WhoBob WhatPants?", "
Goo Goo Gas", "The Two Faces of Squidward", and "SpongeHenge", from season five and "Banned in Bikini Bottom" and "Stanley S. SquarePants" from season six'
| Spongicus
| January 27, 2009
| rowspan="4"| April 5, 2011
|colspan="2" | Features "Spongicus", "Suction Cup Symphony", "House Fancy", "Krabby Road", "Penny Foolish", "Nautical Novice", "Not Normal" and "Gone"  all from season six.
| SpongeBob vs. The Big One
| rowspan="2"| March 3, 2009
|colspan="2" | Features "SpongeBob vs. The Big One", "A Life in a Day", "Sun Bleached", "Giant Squidward", "No Nose Knows", "The Patty Caper" and "Plankton's Regular" all from season six.
| To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants
| July 21, 2009
| rowspan="2"| July 31, 2012
|colspan="2" | Features "To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants", "Squid's Visit", "The Splinter", "Slide Whistle Stooges", "Boating Buddies", "The Krabby Kronicle", "The Slumber Party" and "Grooming Gary" all from season six.
| Truth or Square
| November 10, 2009
| rowspan="2"| August 21, 2012
|colspan="2" | Features "Truth or Square" from season seven. "
Porous Pockets", "Choir Boys", "Krusty Krushers" and "The Card" all from season six.
| Viking-Sized Adventures
| January 26, 2010
| rowspan="4"| December 9, 2012
|colspan="2" | Features "Dear Vikings", "Ditchin'", "Grandpappy the Pirate", "Cephalopod Lodge", "Shuffleboarding", "Professor Squidward"all from season 6. "
Pineapple Fever", and "Chum Caverns"  all from season 7
| SpongeBob's Last Stand
| March 16, 2010
|colspan="2" | Features "SpongeBob's Last Stand" Special from season seven, and "Pet or Pests", "Komputer Overload", "Guillible Pants","Overbooked","No Hat for Pat", "The Toy Store of Doom" from season six.
|Triton's Revenge
| July 13, 2010
| rowspan="2"| February 5, 2013
|colspan="2" | Features "The Clash of Triton", "Sand Castles in the Sand", "Shell Shocked", "Chum Bucket Supreme", "Single Cell Anniversary" "Tentacle-Vision", and "I Heart Dancing" all from Season 7.
| 10 Happiest Moments
| September 14, 2010
| rowspan="2"| January 31, 2012
|colspan="2" | Features "Tea at the Treedome", "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy", "Culture Shock", "Karate Choppers" and "Help Wanted" from season one, "Graveyard Shift" and "Christmas Who?"
from season two, "The Algae's Always Greener", "Just One Bite" and "No Weenies Allowed" from season three and "Roller Cowards" from season five.
|Legends of Bikini Bottom
| November 16, 2010
| rowspan="2"| November 12, 2013
|colspan="2" | Features "The Monster Who Came to Bikini Bottom", "Welcome to the Bikini Bottom Triangle" from Season 7. "
The Main Drain", "Trench Billies", "Sponge-Cano!", "
The Curse of the Hex" all from Season 8.
|The Great Patty Caper
| March 8, 2011
| rowspan="4"| December 31, 2013
|colspan="2" | Features "The Great Patty Caper" from Season 8. "
Growth Spout", "Stuck in the Wringer", "Someone's in the Kitchen with Sandy", "The Inside Job", "Greasy Buffoons" and "Model Sponge" all from Season 7.
|Heroes of Bikini Bottom
| June 14, 2011
|colspan="2" | Features " Back to the Past", "The Bad Guy Club For Villains", "Keep Bikini Bottom Beautiful", "A Pal For Gary", "Yours, Mine and Mine", "Kracked Krabs", " A Day Without Tears" and "Summer Job" all from season 7 episodes and bonus episode from "T.U.F.F. Puppy".
|SpongeBob’s Runaway Roadtrip| September 20, 2011
| rowspan="4"| July 8, 2014
|colspan="2" |Features "Hide and Then What Happens?",
and "Shellback Shenanigans", "A SquarePants Family Vacation", "Patrick’s Staycation",  "Walking the Plankton", all from season 8. "
Mooncation" "Mr. Krabs Takes a Vacation" from season 9.
|Holidays with SpongeBob!| rowspan="2"| November 15, 2011
|colspan="2" | Features 3 SpongeBob DVD's, "Halloween", "Christmas", and "To Love A Patty".
|Frozen Face-Off| January 3, 2012
| rowspan="2"| December 16, 2014
|colspan="2" | Features "Frozen Face-Off", "Accidents Will Happen", "The Other Patty", "Drive Thru", "The Hot Shot", "A Friendly Game", and "Sentimental Sponge" all from Season 8.
Also features four bonus episodes from "T.U.F.F. Puppy" and "Fanboy and Chum Chum".
|Ghoul Fools| August 28, 2012
| rowspan="2"| January 6, 2015
|colspan="2" | Features "Ghoul Fools", and TBA
NOTE: All SpongeBob SquarePants DVD's and VCD's for the Philippine market licensed and distribution agreement with Viva Entertainment's home video affiliate, Viva Video, Inc.
VHS releases
Nautical Nonsense (January 25, 2005) (Ripped Pants, SB-129, Texas, Graveyard Shift, Something Smells)
Sponge Buddies (January 25, 2005) (Wormy, Dying for Pie, Jellyfishing, F.U.N., Club SpongeBob)
Halloween (October 4, 2005) (Scaredy Pants, Imitation Krabs, Frankendoodle, I Was a Teenage Gary, Squidward the Unfriendly Ghost)
Sea Stories (May 9, 2006) (Shanghaied, Gary Takes a Bath, Hooky, Life of Crime, Pickles)
Bikini Bottom Bash (October 10, 2006) (Party Pooper Pants, Hall Monitor, I Had an Accident, Valentine's Day)
Deep Sea Sillies (December 26, 2006) (Just One Bite, Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, Tea at the Treedome, The Paper, Born Again Krabs)
The Sponge Who Could Fly (January 30, 2007) (The Sponge Who Could Fly, Plankton!,
Boating School, Suds)
Anchors Away (August 7, 2007) (The Chaperone, Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy II, Bubble Buddy, Your Shoe's Untied, Prehibernation Week)
Laugh Your Pants Off (September 11, 2007) (Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy III, Big Pink Loser, Opposite Day, Squirrel Jokes, Rock-a-Bye Bivalve)
Sponge-A-Rama (September 11, 2007) (Dumped, Bossy Boots, The Bully, Sleepy Time, Squidville)
Christmas (December 11, 2007) (Christmas Who?,
Procrastination, Snowball Effect, Survival of the Idiots)
The Seascape Capers (April 1, 2008) (The Fry Cook Games, Bubblestand, Squid's Day Off, SpongeBob Meets the Strangler, Pranks a Lot)
SpongeBob Goes Prehistoric (September 2, 2008) (Ugh, Nature Pants, Fools in April, I'm with Stupid)
SpongeGuard on Duty (June 2, 2009) (SpongeGuard on Duty, Naughty Nautical Neighbors, Walking Small, Pressure, Jellyfish Hunter)
Sponge for Hire (August 25, 2009) (Krusty Krab Training Video, Can You Spare a Dime?,
Krabby Land, Wet Painters, Missing Identity)
Home Sweet Pineapple (January 5, 2010) (Home Sweet Pineapple, Band Geeks, Sandy, SpongeBob, and the Worm, Ripped Pants, Sandy's Rocket)
Fear of a Krabby Patty (October 5, 2010) (Fear of a Krabby Patty, Shell of a Man, Arrgh!,
Neptune's Spatula, One Krab's Trash)
Absorbing Favorites (February 1, 2011) (Ripped Pants, Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, Karate Choppers, Gary Takes a Bath, Jellyfish Hunter)
Nicktoons DVDs
Nicktoons Halloween (October 21, 2003) features "Scaredy Pants"
Nicktoons Christmas (December 9, 2003) features "Christmas Who?"
Nick Picks Volume 1 (June 28, 2005) features "SpongeBob B.C."
Nick Picks Volume 2 (September 6, 2005) features "I'm with Stupid" and "SpongeBob Meets the Strangler"
Nick Picks Volume 3 (January 10, 2006) features "Fear of a Krabby Patty"
Nick Picks Volume 4 (March 7, 2006) features "Have You Seen This Snail?"
Nick Picks Holiday (December 26, 2006) features "Christmas Who?"
Nick Picks Volume 5 (February 13, 2007) features "Dunces and Dragons"
Nicktoons VHS releases
Nickelodeon Super Toons (September 24, 2002) features "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy III"
Nickstravaganza (January 7, 2003) features "Grandma's Kisses"
Board and card games
Monopoly SpongeBob SquarePants Edition (May 26, 2008)
Uno (August 5, 2005)
SpongeBob SquarePants: Special Edition
SpongeBob SquarePants: Lost in Time
The Game of Life Bikini Bottom SpongeBob SquarePants Edition (September 24, 2005)
Hangman Spongebob Edition (January 2, 2006)
Ants in the Pants SpongeBob Edition (May 6, 2006)
Operation SpongeBob Edition (September 1, 2006)
Connect Four SpongeBob Edition (September 1, 2007)
SpongeBob SquarePants Edition (January 9, 2008)
Cranium SpongeBob SquarePants (October 1, 2012) (In production)
SpongeBob SquarePants: Memory Game SpongeBob SquarePants Game Great Jellyfish Escape A Wacky Race to the Krusty Krab The clam catchDVD games
SpongeBob SquarePants Fact or Fishy Scene It?
Nickelodeon Edition
SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights - August 14, 2001
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie – Music from the Movie and More... - November 9, 2004
The Yellow Album - November 15, 2005
The Best Day Ever - September 12, 2006
SpongeBob's Greatest Hits - July 14, 2009
Books (2000-2007, 2011-)
8x8 series (2003-2009)
Chapter book series (2000-2005)
Mini Pocketbooks (2009-2010)
Cine-manga series (2005-2007)
Ready-to-Read series (2003-2012)
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie series (2005-2006)
SpongeBob SquarePants Stickerbooks
Leapfrog books and games
SpongeBob SquarePants Saves the Day SpongeBob SquarePants: Fists of Foam SpongeBob SquarePants: The Tour de Bikini Bottom SpongeBob SquarePants: Through the Wormhole SpongeBob SquarePants: The Clam Prix''
Captain SpongeBob
First Mate Patrick
Muscle Man Star
MuscleBob BuffPants
Patrick Barnacleboy
Patrick Claus
Patrick Star Best Day Ever
SpongeBob Best Day Ever
SpongeBob Birthday
SpongeBob FrankenStein
SpongeBob JingleBells
SpongeBob JollyElf
SpongeBob Mermaidman
SpongeBob PinkPants
SpongeBob PumpkinMask
SpongeBob QB
SpongeBob SleighRide
SpongeBob ThumbsUp
SpongeBob TuxedoPants
LEGO SpongeBob SquarePants (2006-2012)
Burger KingSpongeBob SquarePantsJellyfish roundup
Gary slime motion
Krusty krab's crazy cooker
Rocket blower SpongeBob
Patrick's power preserver
Squidward's escape
SpongeBob's kelp plungeSpongeBob SquarePantsJellyfish fields SpongeBob
Gravity defyin' Gary
Plankton bubble up
SpongeBob silly squirter
Karate chop Sandy
Swing time Patrick
Squirt and whistle Squidward
Shakin' SpongeBobSpongeBob SquarePants Lost in TimeLiberty SpongeBob
Mariachi SpongeBob
Neanderthal SpongeBob
Mountie SpongeBob
Don quixote SpongeBob
Tai chi master SpongeBob
Andes SpongeBob
Pharaoh SpongeBob
Cowboy SpongeBob
Polar explorer SpongeBob
Sultan SpongeBob
Pilot SpongeBob
Royal guard SpongeBob
Pirate SpongeBob
Knight SpongeBob
Ancient athlete SpongeBob
Classical composer SpongeBob
Outback explorer SpongeBob
Samurai knight SpongeBob
Viking SpongeBobSpongeBob SquarePants Pest of the WestSpongeBob flipster SquarePants
Sandy sure shot Cheeks
SpongeBob lone star
Squidward the squeeze Tentacles
Saddle up SquarePants
Dead Eye Plankton
Patrick the sidekick Star
The masked spongeSpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantisNautical nessie SpongeBob
SpongeBob of the seven pagodas
Bermuda Bob
Shell eco SquarePants
Spongey lemuria
SpongeBob Jones's locker
SpongeBob tangey
Absorbent moo
Pourus posiedon SpongeBob
Atlantean sponge
Absorbing dutchman
Cracking periferaSpongeBob SquarePantsSpongeBob SquarePants
SpongeBob's pet snail Gary
Jellyfishin' SpongeBobSpongeBob SquarePantsBubbly SpongeBob
Brainy SpongeBob
Tiki SpongeBob
Jellyfish SpongeBob
Pineapple SpongeBob
Shelly SpongeBob
Lifesaver SpongeBob
Four friends SpongeBob
Surfin' SpongeBob
Floral coral SpongeBob
Gary SpongeBob
Chum Bucket SpongeBobSpongeBob SquarePants Bikini Bottom Souvenir ShoppeSquidward light up pen pal
Mr. Krabs pincher
Peekaboo Gary headband
SpongeBob magnetic picture frame
Plankton kaleidoscope
SpongeBob's viewfinder camera
Bobblin' SpongeBob
Gary's water globeSpongeBob SquarePants Legends of Bikini BottomSurfin' SpongeBob
Squidward ring toss
Hat splash SpongeBob
Pants changin' Patrick
Scuba spin SpongeBob
Backstroke Mr. KrabsSpongeBob SquarePants Soccer BallsGary the snail
Sandy the squirrel
McDonald'sSpongeBob SquarePants OlympicsSkateboardin' SpongeBob
SpongeBob karate
SpongeBob basketball
Patrick spinner
SpongeBob the weightlifter
SpongeBob soccer
SpongeBob windsurfer
Gary the skater
SpongeBob the kayaker
Patrick rodeo
SpongeBob gymnast
Squidward tennis
SpongeBob the golfer
SpongeBob discus
Sandy in her rocket boat
Mr. Krabs fencingSpongeBob SquarePantsTreasure keeper
Mr. Krabs treasure cave
Anchor discovery
SpongeBob's treasure claw
Ocean quest
Patrick surprise
Explorer periscope
SpongeBob plushie
Wendy'sSpongeBob SquarePants House PartyPatrick's water game
SpongeBob notepad
Gary the snail
Party poster
Sonic Drive inSpongeBob SquarePantsSquidward
Krusty krab work hat
Glow in the dark jellyfishing pack
SpongeBob's pineapple house
SpongeBobSpongeBob SquarePants'''
Mr. Krabs sand scooper
SpongeBob beach ball
Patrick flyer
SpongeBob sun visor
SpongeBob cannonball squirter
Gina Rinehart (born 9 February 1954) is an Australian mining company owner and billionaire.
She is among the world's richest women.
Georgina Hancock was born in Perth, Western Australia.
She is the only child of Lang Hancock (1909-1992).
Australian billionaires
Virginia Cruzon (May 25, 1921 - August 21, 2010) was an American actress and model.
She began her career in show business, in the early 1940s, by doing "extra work" and "hand inserts" in movies.
Cruzon worked as a "Glamour Lovely" at the Earl Carroll Theater in Hollywood.
She was chosen as a “Goldwyn Girl” by MGM Studios.
She was one of the "Twelve Featured Show Girls" in the movie Ziegfeld Girl.
Virginia appeared in the movies Down to Earth with Rita Hayworth and Up in Arms with Danny Kaye.
Her last movie performance was in 1969, with Elvis Presley in the movie Charro!.
Virginia Cruzon died of natural causes, at the age of 89, at her home in Laramie, Wyoming.
The Randstad is a conurbation in the western Netherlands.
It covers the provinces of North Holland, South Holland, Flevoland and Utrecht.
Big cities in the Randstad are Amsterdam, Haarlem, Leiden, Den Haag, Delft, Rotterdam, Dordrecht, Gouda, Utrecht, Hilversum and Almere.
The term Randstad was first used by Albert Plesman, the founder of KLM.
When he looked at it from the air, he saw that cities nearly form a circle.
The Randstad covers about 20% of the area of the Netherlands.
More than 40% of the population of the Netherlands live there.
The cities in the Randstad are between  (Den Haag - Rotterdam) and  (Amsterdam - Rotterdam) apart.
In the center is an area known as Groene Hart.
An Emergency communication system (ECS) is any type of system (often using computers) that lets people or groups communicate during emergencies.
These systems often include many different types of technology (such as telephones and televisions), which all work together to help communicate important messages during emergencies.
Emergency Communication Compared to Notification
An emergency notification system can send messages in just one direction (from the sender to the person or group that receives the message).
Text message services like Twitter, automatic telephone services like "Reverse 911," and the common town siren systems that are used to warn people about tornadoes and other problems, are all examples of emergency notification systems.
Another meaning about the phrase, "Emergency Communication Systems" might be that the sender can give more information about an emergency.
It can also mean that the sender can tell people what do to because of the emergency.
The phrase "Emergency Notification System" might mean that the sender can only tell people or groups about the emergency, maybe without many details, too.
Similar Words and Phrases
There can be many different words and phrases that different people use, instead of "emergency communication system," but most times, they are talking about the same idea.
For example, the phrases “emergency communications” and “emergency telecommunications” may talk about the same thing.
Why Emergency Communication Systems are Needed
Emergencies can make communications difficult.
Communicating during emergencies can be very different than communicating during normal times.
When emergencies happen, many things about the situation can change suddenly.
Because of that, an emergency communication system should be able to do many special things.
Often, popular communication tools (for example, Email) are not fast enough or they can not be used in every place.
Every emergency situation can be very different and difficult to predict, so a good emergency communication system must be able to work for every situation.
Examples of Failure and Success
New York City World Trade Center Attack
During the attack on September 11, 2001, common communications (such as telephones) did not work well, because so many people were using them.
The people who answered 911 emergency calls could not do much to help because they were getting information that was confusing.
Radio communications between emergency services people were limited because the different departments could not easily communicate with each other.
Many fire-fighters died when the buildings fell because they could not get the same warning that the police officers got from the NYPD helicopters.